Palu IV Bridge Outline Design Report

APPENDIX II-3-7

Palu IV Bridge Outline Design Report

20-006

J RI M

The Preparatory Survey on the Programme for the Reconstruction of

Palu 4 Bridges in Central Sulawesi Province

OUTLINE DESIGN REPORT

May 2019

Japan International Cooperation Agency

Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd.

Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works and Housing Republic of Indonesia

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May 2019




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The Outline Design was carried out as part of urgent projects, thus, the design

has been modified in the Detailed Design.

The tenderer shall verify the bidding document for the bid tender.

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The Preparatory Survey on the Programme for the Reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridges in Central Sulawesi Province Outline Design Report

i

Table of Contens Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Summary

Page

Chapter 1 Background of the Project 1-1 Background and Outline of the Project ..................................................................................... 1-1

1-1-1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1-1

1-1-2 Agreement and Conclusion on the Substance Requested ............................................... 1-2

1-1-3 Necessity of the Project .................................................................................................. 1-2

1-2 Site Condition ........................................................................................................................... 1-3

1-2-1 Meteorological Condition ............................................................................................... 1-3

1-2-2 Hydrological Condition .................................................................................................. 1-4

1-2-3 Geological Survey .......................................................................................................... 1-6

1-3 Environmental and Social Considerations .............................................................................. 1-23

1-3-1 Environmental and Social Considerations .................................................................... 1-23

1-4 Others ...................................................................................................................................... 1-76

1-4-1 Confirmation of Tax Exemption ................................................................................... 1-76

1-4-2 Bidding System in Indonesia ........................................................................................ 1-76

1-4-3 Form of Contract in Indonesia ...................................................................................... 1-79

Chapter 2 Contents of the Project 2-1 Basic Concept of the Project ..................................................................................................... 2-1

2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance ............................................................................... 2-1

2-2-1 Design Policy .................................................................................................................. 2-1

2-2-2 Basic Plan ....................................................................................................................... 2-2

2-2-3 Outline Design Drawings ............................................................................................. 2-29

2-2-4 Implementation Plan ..................................................................................................... 2-38

2-3 Obligation of Recipient Country ............................................................................................. 2-48

2-4 Project Operation Plan ............................................................................................................ 2-49

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance System ............................................................................. 2-49

2-4-2 Operation and Maintenance Methods ........................................................................... 2-49

2-5 Project Cost Estimation ........................................................................................................... 2-50

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation .................................................................................................. 2-50

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost .................................................................................. 2-51

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Chapter 3 Project Evaluation

3-1 Preconditions ............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3-2 Necessary Inputs by Recipient Country .................................................................................... 3-1

3-3 Important Assumptions ............................................................................................................. 3-2

3-4 Project Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 3-2

3-4-1 Relevance ........................................................................................................................ 3-2

3-4-2 Effectiveness ................................................................................................................... 3-4

Appendix

Environmental Checklist: Bridge

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List of Figures Page

Figure 1-1-1 Location of Palu Earthquake (Left) and the Project Area (Right) ......................................... 1-1

Figure 1-1-2 Palu 4 Bridge before Collapse (Left) and after Collapse (Right) .......................................... 1-2

Figure 1-2-1 Monthly Rainfall at the downstream (Parome Station) and upstream (Bangga Atas) of

Palu River .............................................................................................................................. 1-3

Figure 1-2-2 Results of tidal observation conducted in May-June 2017 .................................................... 1-4

Figure 1-2-3 Design Flood Discharge ........................................................................................................ 1-5

Figure 1-2-4 Topographic map of Palu in Central Sulawesi ....................................................................... 1-7

Figure 1-2-5 Geological map of Palu in Sulawesi Island ........................................................................... 1-8

Figure 1-2-6 Topographic Survey Results .................................................................................................. 1-9

Figure 1-2-7 Boring survey position ........................................................................................................ 1-10

Figure 1-2-8 Boring survey ...................................................................................................................... 1-11

Figure 1-2-9 Boring outline column chart ................................................................................................ 1-13

Figure 1-2-10 Stratified N-value depth distribution ................................................................................... 1-15

Figure 1-2-11 Settlement study section ...................................................................................................... 1-17

Figure 1-2-12 Examination model .............................................................................................................. 1-18

Figure 1-2-13 Vertical stress influence value in ground by trapezoidal band load ..................................... 1-20

Figure 1-2-14 Clay○1 e-logP Curve (Boring GA.02､GL-23-24m)............................................................. 1-21

Figure 1-2-15 Clay○2 e-logP Curve (Boring GA.05､GL-42-43m)............................................................. 1-22

Figure 1-3-1 Outline of the Project as of April 1, 2019 ............................................................................ 1-23

Figure 1-3-2 Forest Map of Central Sulawesi .......................................................................................... 1-30

Figure 1-3-3 Coral reef and mangrove in Baiya Subdistrict ..................................................................... 1-30

Figure 1-3-4 Coral reef and mangrove in Pantoloan Boya Subdistrict ..................................................... 1-31

Figure 1-3-5 Coral reef and mangrove in West Besusu Subdistrict .......................................................... 1-31

Figure 1-3-6 Protected Area of Donggala Regency .................................................................................. 1-32

Figure 1-3-7 UPL-UKL Examination Procedure Flow ............................................................................ 1-43

Figure 1-3-8 Comparison of Alternatives of the Project ........................................................................... 1-49

Figure 1-3-9 Site Condition ...................................................................................................................... 1-61

Figure 1-3-10 Sample Monitoring Format for Land Acquisition ............................................................... 1-75

Figure 1-4-1 Procurement process in Indonesia ....................................................................................... 1-77

Figure 1-4-2 Contract process in Indonesia .............................................................................................. 1-80

Figure 2-1-1 Previous Palu 4 Bridge .......................................................................................................... 2-1

Figure 2-2-1 Alternative 1 .......................................................................................................................... 2-3




Figure 2-2-5 Typical Cross Section ............................................................................................................ 2-8

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Figure 2-2-6 Embedment Depth ............................................................................................................... 2-11

Figure 2-2-7 Calculation Flowchart of Requested Span Length .............................................................. 2-12

Figure 2-2-8 Distribution map of Earthquakes in Sulawesi island ........................................................... 2-15

Figure 2-2-9 Estimated Fault in the Palu Bay Area .................................................................................. 2-16

Figure 2-2-10 Flowchart for Selection Process for Bridge Type ................................................................ 2-19

Figure 2-2-11 Boring Log .......................................................................................................................... 2-24

Figure 2-2-12 Height for Installation Surface of Substructure ................................................................... 2-27

Figure 2-2-13 Plan (1) ................................................................................................................................ 2-30

Figure 2-2-14 Plan (2) ................................................................................................................................ 2-31

Figure 2-2-15 Profile (1) ............................................................................................................................ 2-32

Figure 2-2-16 Profile (2) ............................................................................................................................ 2-33

Figure 2-2-17 Typical Cross Section (1) .................................................................................................... 2-34

Figure 2-2-18 Typical Cross Section (2) .................................................................................................... 2-35

Figure 2-2-19 General View of Bridge (1) ................................................................................................. 2-36

Figure 2-2-20 General View of Bridge (2) ................................................................................................. 2-37

Figure 2-2-21 Construction for Substructure .............................................................................................. 2-38

Figure 2-2-22 Construction for Superstructure ........................................................................................... 2-39

Figure 2-2-23 Construction Period ............................................................................................................. 2-39

Figure 2-2-24 Location of Procurement ..................................................................................................... 2-46

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List of Tables Page

Table 1-2-1 Temperature by Month in Palu City ...................................................................................... 1-4

Table 1-2-2 Outline of River Planning conditions at the Palu River mouth ............................................. 1-6

Table 1-2-3 Outline of Boring survey ..................................................................................................... 1-10

Table 1-2-4 Outline of Laboratory test.................................................................................................... 1-11

Table 1-2-5 Implementation criteria for boring surveys and laboratory test ........................................... 1-12

Table 1-2-6 Implementation criteria for boring surveys and laboratory test ........................................... 1-14

Table 1-2-7 N value and grain size characteristics for each boring ........................................................ 1-16

Table 1-2-8 Water level in borehole ........................................................................................................ 1-17

Table 1-3-1 Summary of the Project ....................................................................................................... 1-23

Table 1-3-2 River Water Quality Monitoring Results in Palu Rver ........................................................ 1-25

Table 1-3-3 Results of Groundwater Quality Monitoring in Palu City ................................................... 1-26

Table 1-3-4 Monitoring result in 2017 .................................................................................................... 1-26

Table 1-3-5 Monthly Average of temperature and humadity in Palu City 2017 ..................................... 1-27

Table 1-3-6 Monthly Average of Air Pressure, Wind Velocity and The Most of Wind Direction in

Palu City, 2017 .................................................................................................................... 1-27

Table 1-3-7 Monthly Avergae of Rainy Day, Rainfall and Length of Daylight in Palu City 2017 ......... 1-28

Table 1-3-8 Endemic species of flora in Central Sulawesi ..................................................................... 1-29

Table 1-3-9 Population in Central Sulawesi ............................................................................................ 1-32

Table 1-3-10 Population and Growth Rate of Population Based on Regency/City in Central

Sulawesi Province ............................................................................................................... 1-33

Table 1-3-11 Population Based on Age Group and Sex in Central Sulawesi Province ............................ 1-33

Table 1-3-12 Population and Population Growth Rate by Subdistrict in Palu City, 2017 ........................ 1-34

Table 1-3-13 Population and Sex Ratio by Subdistrict in Palu City, 2017 ................................................ 1-34

Table 1-3-14 Population by Age Group and Gender in Palu City, 2017 ................................................... 1-35

Table 1-3-15 Number of Earthquake Victims in Palu City, 2018 .............................................................. 1-35

Table 1-3-16 Isolated Traditional Communities in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017 .............................. 1-36

Table 1-3-17 The Number of People Aged Over 15 Who Work in a Week by The Main Work Field

and Gender in Central Sulawesi Province in 2017 .............................................................. 1-37

Table 1-3-18 Educational Background in Central Sulawesi 2017 ............................................................ 1-38

Table 1-3-19 Number of schools in Palu city, Sigi regency, and Donggala regency ................................ 1-38

Table 1-3-20 Number of Cases of the 10 Most Common Illnesses in Central Sulawesi Province,

2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 1-39

Table 1-3-21 Number of Cases of the 10 Most Common Illnesses in Palu City, 2017 ............................. 1-39

Table 1-3-22 Number of Cases of HIV, AIDS, and Sexually Transmitted Infection by Regency/City

in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017 ..................................................................................... 1-40

Table 1-3-23 Number of Health Facilities by Regency/City in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017 ........... 1-40

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Table 1-3-24 Number of Health Facilities by District in Palu City, 2017 ................................................. 1-41

Table 1-3-25 AMDAL Criteria for Field Public Works ............................................................................ 1-41

Table 1-3-26 Review Steps of UPL-UKL ................................................................................................. 1-42

Table 1-3-27 Categorization Criteria of JICA Guideline .......................................................................... 1-44

Table 1-3-28 GAP Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 1-44

Table 1-3-29 Project Alternatives and Comparative Evaluation ............................................................... 1-48

Table 1-3-30 Project Components and Typically Expected Environmenta and Social Impacts ............... 1-49

Table 1-3-31 Scoping ................................................................................................................................ 1-51

Table 1-3-32 Survey TOR ......................................................................................................................... 1-53

Table 1-3-33 Survey Results (including Impact Prediction) ..................................................................... 1-55

Table 1-3-34 Environmental Evaluation (Tentative) ................................................................................. 1-56

Table 1-3-35 Stakeholder meetings for JICA on Grant Aid project .......................................................... 1-59

Table 1-3-36 Contents of the planned stakeholder Meeting (Tentative) ................................................... 1-60

Table 1-3-37 Legal Framework of Indonesia on Land Acquisition for Public Interest ............................. 1-62

Table 1-3-38 Steps of Land Acquisition Following the Law No. 2, 2012 ................................................ 1-63

Table 1-3-39 Gaps between JICA Guideline and Laws in Indonesia ........................................................ 1-65

Table 1-3-40 Draft Schedule of Land Acquisition and Project Implementation ....................................... 1-72

Table 1-3-41 Comparison of Indonesian and JICA Requirement and Remaining Questions ................... 1-72

Table 2-2-1 Geometric Design Criteria ..................................................................................................... 2-7

Table 2-2-2 Comparison Table for Road Horizontal Alignment ............................................................... 2-9

Table 2-2-3 Estimated High-water Discharge Volume ............................................................................ 2-10

Table 2-2-4 Design Flow Velocity .......................................................................................................... 2-10

Table 2-2-5 Highest Water Level ............................................................................................................ 2-10

Table 2-2-6 Unit Weight .......................................................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-2-7 Classification of Earthquakes by Magnitude (M) ................................................................ 2-16

Table 2-2-8 Relationship of Earthquake Scale and Magnitude (M) ........................................................ 2-17

Table 2-2-9 Basic Policy of Bridge Plan ................................................................................................. 2-18

Table 2-2-10 Bridge Type of Superstructure and Span Length ................................................................. 2-21

Table 2-2-11 Comparison Table for Span ................................................................................................. 2-22

Table 2-2-12 Comparison Table for Bridge Type...................................................................................... 2-23

Table 2-2-13 Comparison Table for Foundation Type .............................................................................. 2-25

Table 2-2-14 Comparison Table for Pile Type and Diameter .................................................................... 2-26

Table 2-2-15 Selection of Abutment ......................................................................................................... 2-28

Table 2-2-16 Selection of Pier .................................................................................................................. 2-28

Table 2-2-17 Study for the esthetic of the bridge ...................................................................................... 2-29

Table 2-2-18 Construction Supervision Plan ............................................................................................ 2-42

Table 2-2-19 Quality Control Plan ............................................................................................................ 2-43

Table 2-2-20 As-Built Management Plan ................................................................................................. 2-44

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Table 2-2-21 Procurement List of Materials ............................................................................................. 2-45

Table 2-2-22 Procurement List of Machines ............................................................................................. 2-46

Table 2-2-23 Implementation Schedule (Tentative) .................................................................................. 2-48

Table 2-5-1 Project Cost (Japanese Obligation) ...................................................................................... 2-50

Table 2-5-2 Item and Cost of Recipient Country .................................................................................... 2-51

Table 2-5-3 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................. 2-52

Table 3-4-1 Beneficial Population ............................................................................................................ 3-4

Table 3-4-2 Quantitative Effects of the Project ......................................................................................... 3-5

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Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ADB Asia Development Bank

Af Tropical Rainforest Climate

AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AMDAL Environmental Impact Assessment

APBN State Budget

ATR Ministry of Land and Spatial Planning

BAPPENAS National Development Planning Agency

BAPPEDA Agency for Regional Development

BPJN National Road Implementation Center

BPN National Land Agency

BWS River Basin Development Agency

DGH Directorate General of Highways (Bina Marga)

EA Executing Agency

EC Environmental Clearance

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

E/N Exchange of Notes

G/A Grant Agreement

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HHWL Highest High Water Level

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IA Implementing Agency

IEE Initial Environment Examination

IGES Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

IMF International Monetary Fund

JETRO Japan External Trade Organization

MHWS Mean High Water Spring

MHWL Mean High Water Level

MLWL Mean Low Water Level

MLWS Mean Low Water Spring

MOD Minutes of Discussions

MSL Mean Sea Level

Nirwasita Tantra Informational Document of Regional Environmental Management Performance

PAPs Project Affected Persons

PLN National Electricity Company

PQ Pre-Qualification

PU Ministry of Public Works and Housing

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SNI/BSN Standard National of Indonesia

SPPL Statement of Environmental Management and Monitoring

TOR Term of Reference

TPA Final Disposal Sites

TPS3R Waste Processing Site 3R

TPST Integrated Waste Management Site

URTI Upper Respiratory Infection

UKL-UPL Environmental Management Efforts Form and Environmental Monitoring Efforts

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Summary-1

SUMMARY

(1) Overview of the Country

Palu city is located in the central Sulawesi Island which is the study area of central Sulawesi province, the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as “Indonesia”). It is adjacent to Gorontalo province, western Sulawesi province and southern Sulawesi province. The northern part of Palu city faces the bay and the mountains such as Mt.Torompupu and other mountains surrounding the city from west, east and south side.

The climate of Palu city is classified as a tropical rainforest which has high rainfall and no clear dry season throughout the year. According to the climate survey by Balai wilayah Sungai Sulawesi （hereinafter referred to as BWS-III）in 2017, the annual average temperature and humidity are 27.5 °C and 79.3%, respectively. And, according to the rainfall observation by BWS-III in 2017, there are many rainfall days such as 237 days in a year, but the annual rainfall is characterized by a low rainfall per unit times of 862 mm.

While the total population of Palu City is 336,352 in 2010 and 379,782 in 2017, of which population growth rate is 1.54%, the rate of Indonesia is 8.0% during the same period.

The population growth in Palu city is not remarkable compared to the whole country, but it is expected to increase as the same tendency with the whole country.

After the Asian financial crisis in July 1997, Indonesia implemented economic structural reform based on an agreement with the IMF in regard to the economic, social stability, financial stability, the expansion of personal consumption, and the economic growth rate from 2005 has been around 5% to 6% except in 2009 affected by the global financial and economic crisis. Nominal GDP per capita exceeded $ 3,000 in 2010 by achieved a high growth rate.

Indonesia economy has continued to grow steadily for the past 10 years, but the current account has turned into a deficit since around 2012. It is considered that the value of Rupiah has turned to be falling at the same time. Indonesia has an issue to improve balance by promoting exports.

(2) Background, Circumstances and Outlines of Requested Project

An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred on September 28, 2018 and caused tremendous losses. The epicenter of the earthquake is on the Palu-Colo Fault with focal depth of 10 km deep. It paralyzed urban functions in four cities including Palu city along with the tsunami and liquefaction. The National Development Planning Agency (hereinafter referred to as “BAPPENAS”) has started formulating a master plan for the reconstruction of Central Sulawesi to respond to the situation in Palu city. JICA and BAPPENAS made a cooperation agreement to carry out the reconstruction of Central Sulawesi with Japanese advanced technology and disaster management.

The Central Sulawesi Reconstruction Project was formed for the reconstruction planning of damaged buildings and the creation of a resilient city against disasters.

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Summary-2

Due to the earthquake, the Palu 4 Bridge, located at the mouth of the Palu River, collapsed, the unique shape of which was used to be an iconic landmark of Palu city. It is used by daily activities and has a role not only as a transport function, but was also commonly known as a popular place among local people. The earthquake physically destroyed Palu 4 Bridge and also emotionally affected local people. It also rise an urgent issue to secure the traffic capacities of both east-west directions as the previous bridge provided. Reconstruction of the Palu 4 Bridge, which has a significant role for affected local people and urban functions, is an urgent task to be addressed.

The Government of Indonesia requested Japan to rebuild the Palu 4 Bridge with the following grant aid in December 2018 with such background and circumstances.

Requested date: December 2018

Requested amount cost: 2.5 billion Japanese yen

Requested object: Reconstruction of the Palu Forth Bridge

(3) Outline of Survey and Substance of the Project

The period of this survey was for 5 months from January to May 2019. The field survey was conducted in the following four periods; 10th January to 24th February; from 5th to 31st March; from 10th to 27th

April; and from 14th to 25th May.

The Government of Indonesia has requested the Japan government to reconstruct Palu 4 Bridge for the purpose of improving logistics, expanding traffic volume in east-west direction, strengthening the road network, and symbolizing the reconstruction of the damaged areas with the early completion of the bridge.

The outline of the design determined by the result of the consultation with relevant organizations and the field survey is shown below.

1) Bridge Design

① Design Standards/Specifications

Bridge design shall be studied based on the Road Bridge Design Manual / Japan Road Association. And it will carry out design inspection according to Indonesia Standard / Standard National Indonesia (hereinafter "SNI"). Applied design standards are stated as below.

Road Bridge Design Manual (I~V): Japan Road Association

Bridge Management System:Directorate General of Highways (DGH)

SNI 12-2004 Perencanaan struktur beton untuk jembatan: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

SNI 1725-2016 Pembebanan untuk jembatan: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

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Summary-3

SNI 2833-2016 Earthquake Map 2017: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

SNI 8460-2017 Persyaratan perancangan geoteknik: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

② Location of Bridge

The route comparison is shown in Table 1. The 1st plan was adopted as result of the joint field survey and discussions with relevant organizations. As relevant organizations have concerns about the limitation in RAP, the 1st Alternative plan has been found practical in consideration of EIA, and also considering the budget of Palu city.

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Summary-4

Tabl

e 1

Rou

te C

ompa

rison

So

urce

: JIC

A St

udy

Team

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Summary-5

③ Superstructure

As a result of related organizations meeting, JICA project team had reached an agreement to implement PC box girder bridge. Abstract of Superstructure and cross section of the bridge are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1, respectively.

Table 2 Superstructure Type

Contents Detail Bridge type PC box girder (Variable cross section) Length(m) 260 Number of span 3 Span length (m) 75+110+75 width (m) 12.8

Source: JICA Study Team

Source: JICA Study Team (Technical Note)

Figure 1 Cross Section of the Bridge

④ Substructure

The substructure type is shown in Table 3 based on the superstructure and the tentative result of geotechnical survey. However, the most suitable substructure type in the detailed design shall be determined based on the final result of the geotechnical survey.

Table 3 Substructure Type

Contents Detail Basement type It is considered after geotechnical survey Abutment type Reverse T-shaped Pier type Pier type, wall type


2) Road Design

① Design Standards/Specifications

The road design has been studied based on the following design standards.

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Summary-6

Persyaratan teknis jalan dan kriteria perencanaan teknis jalan：Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (Nomor: 19/PRT/M/2011)

SNI T-14-2004 Geometri Jalan Perkotaan：Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (2018 7th Edition)：AASHTO

② Typical Cross Section

The typical cross section shown in Figure 2 of the road has been determined based on the discussion with related authorities.

Source: JICA Study Team (Technical Note)

Figure 2 Typical Cross Section of the Approached Road

3) Procurement Plan

① Construction materials

The PC cable requires to be imported from Japan or other countries, but other materials such as concrete and asphalt are available to be procured locally in Indonesia. The procurement list of the materials is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Procurement List of the Materials

Material name Domestic Japan Other Summary Steel PC Steel Steel bar (D13~D32)

Steel bar (D36~D50) △ Special request

H-shape steel Cement Asphalt concrete Ready mix concrete Sand Formwork material Steel Formwork material Support work material Hume tube


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The Preparatory Survey on the Programme for the Reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridges in Central Sulawesi Province

Outline Design Report

Summary-7

② Construction machines

Although the general construction machines are available in Indonesia, the pile driving machine for

the large bore requires to be procured from Japan or other countries. The procurement list for the

machines is shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Procurement List of the Machines

Construction machine name Domestic Japan Other Summary

Dump truck

Backhoe

Bulldozer

Truck crane

Asphalt finisher

Tire roller

Vibratory roller

Large breaker

Engine generator

Crawler crane

Pile driving machine (reverse methodφ1,500mm)

Vibro hammer


(4) Project Period and Cost

Indonesia government requested early completion of the construction, thus it is necessary to construct

from both shore sides at once in terms of timeframe. The construction period of 20 months is expected,

yet it is to be finalized in the detailed design stage.

The total amount of the cost for the project is 2.5 billion yen has been approved by Japanese cabinet.

Allocation of expenses between Japan and Indonesia are shown in Table 6 and Table 7 based on charge

classification, however this price is not limited to the price of Exchange of Notes (E/N). In addition,

based on uncompleted EIA in this phase, the predicted cost and type shown in Table 7 is tentative.

Table 6 Project Cost (Japanese Obligation)

Confidential


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Summary-8

Table 7 Item and Cost of Recipient Country

Item to be borne Content Amount to be borne (million yen)

Amount to be borne (IDR) Remarks

Bank fees 2.00 300,000,000 Land acquisition cost 110.00 8,250,000,000 29,400 m2

Facility relocation cost Power pole Electric cable 5.00 750,000,000

Total 117.00 9,300,000,000

*Above items and costs will be determined after completion of environmental survey, thus, their cost will be tentative. Source: JICA Study Team

(5) Evaluation of Project

1) Relevance

① Consistency with Higher Development Plan of Indonesia

Indonesia has formulated and implemented a 5-year development plan based on the national long-term development plan which was formulated in 2004. Third planning phase (2015-2019) is ongoing at present. Sulawesi province where the subject area of survey is conducting development for each province by 5 regional road agencies (hereinafter referred to as “BPJT”). For instance, the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Project which connects between the northern capital city Manado and the southern capital city Makassar has been implemented in Sulawesi province. The Manado-Palu section has already been opened, and the development of the Palu-Makassar section is scheduled to be proceeded.

National roads in the east-west direction in Palu city are maintained, but there is only one national road crossing the Palu River through the city. Therefore, expansion of traffic capacity is required to be addressed urgently. Target of the project is expanding traffic capacity in the east-west direction. Strengthening the traffic volume in the east-west direction in Palu city is consistent with the priority plan of Indonesia to enhance the convenience of intercity transportation.

② Consistency with Japanese Aid Policy

Japanese basic aid policy is to implement high-quality infrastructure development in order to support the economic development in Indonesia. This project is to reconstruct the Palu 4 Bridge, by using Japanese design standard, on the site to replace previous Palu 4 Bridge which collapsed by the earthquake in September 2018. The previous Palu 4 Bridge was undertaking extensive part of traffic capacity in the east-west direction in Palu city, however to secure the traffic capacity in the east-west direction is now an issue due to the absence of the bridge. By reconstructing, it shall cover traffic capacity in the east-west direction as it did before the Palu 4 Bridge collapsed.

Moreover, the development and implementation of seismic standards are insufficiently introduced in Indonesia, thus promoting the seismic design based on the Japanese seismic standard shall provide

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Summary-9

high-quality infrastructure development covering entire area of Indonesia. Therefore, the project is consistent with Japanese aid policies.

③ Urgency of the Project

The Palu Third Bridge which located about 800 m south from the Palu 4 Bridge is able to provide only a path east to west direction transport after Palu 4 Bridge collapsed. Similarly, Palu First Bridge which located about 1,600 m to the south from the Palu 4 Bridge is able to connect only west to east direction transport. Only the Palu second bridge which located 4,200m south from Palu 4 Bridge could provide both sides transport. Furthermore, the traffic in the coastal area has been forced to detour to the south area. Therefore securing the traffic in the east-west direction is an urgent issue in these circumstances.

Through this project, traffic will be secured in the east-west direction in Palu city. It is expected that reconstructing Palu 4 Bridge undertakes significant role to enhance the inter-city road network, improve logistics and contribute to economic recovery as a part of the implementation of the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Plan.

④ Japanese Technology Introduction

Both countries, Japan and Indonesia, are commonly located in the plate boundary and active volcanoes exist in densely populated areas. As Japanese infrastructure development and buildings are built based on Japanese seismic standards, yet there are many masonry non-engineered buildings in the rural area in Indonesia. Further implementation of anti-seismic method is recommended to be applied in Indonesia to improve vulnerability to earthquakes. In addition, there are limited number of researchers or experts specialized for earthquakes in Indonesia, and the development and implementation of seismic design standards have not been sufficiently implemented.

Japan is the country where often affected not only earthquakes but also a large number of natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, etc., Especially Japan is the only country where 20% of higher magnitude over 6.0 occur in the world. With regard to bridges in Japan, it has been taken action such as the review of standards and the installation of the anti-fall bridge structure and equipment since Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995.

Certainly, performing seismic design based on Japanese design standard will lead to the transfer of technology to Indonesia and also it will help in the development of their own future seismic standards in Indonesia.

⑤ Business Benefit Target

The beneficial users of this project (the direct beneficiary population) are presumed to be extensive since this road crosses the Palu River and connect the east and west. Focusing at the area of Palu city, nunber of beneficiary is expected to be appromaxitely 380,000

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Summary-10

Table 8 Business Benefit Population

District Population

2016 2017 Palu Barat 61,424 62,293

Tatanga 39,369 39,997 Ulujadi 27,319 27,763

Palu Selatan 69,492 70,571 Palu Timur 70,378 71,452 Mantikulore 62,822 63,804 Palu Utara 22,834 23,196

Tawaeli 20,382 20,706 Total 374,020 379,782


2) Effectiveness

Expected effect by this project is shown in Table 9.

It could be solved detour transport to Palu Third Bridge（East-West Direction）and Palu First Bridge (West-East Direction) and possible to both direction transport of itself.

Detour distance can be shortening 1.2 km in west-east direction and 1.8km in east-west direction.

Table 9 Expected Effect on this Project

Index Standard Level (value on 2019)

Target(2024) [After finish project in 3years]

Number of lane - 2 Transport method - Both direction Shorten detour distance *1 (Palu-Donggala-Munif Rahman road)

East-west 6.1km West-east 6.8km

East-west 4.9km (1.2km shorten) West-east 4.9km (1.8km shorten)

*1: Route is expected to pass Palu Third Bridge in east-west direction and Palu First Bridge in west-east direction because Palu 4 Bridge could not pass due to collapse.


① Qualitative Effects

Improvement of Life and Safety of Local People By strengthening the road network, accessibility of the area and stable procurement will be improved. In addition to the road convenience, in the event of tsunami and/or natural disasters, evacuation places will be secured. Therefore, implementing this project provides quality life and improves safety of local residents.

Promotion of Regional Economic Activities By solving current traffic restrictions, traffic movements and logistics will be facilitated and boost local activities. As a symbol of regional recovery from the disaster, the reconstruction of the bridge is expected to develop and promote regional by implementing of this project.

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Summary-11

Reduction of Traffic Accidents By constructing a two-lane road in accordance with the Indonesian standard, it enables to operate both direction transport and secures safe and stable road management which possibly results reduction of traffic accidents.

Reduction of Maintenance Costs By adopting seismic design by Japanese seismic standards and technology will lead resilience infrastructure development against disasters. It helps to reduce the cost of large-scale repairing works and is expected to enhance cost effectiveness within limited budget.

From above points of view, the project is effective for Indonesia.

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1-1

Chapter 1 Background of the Project

1-1 Background and Outline of the Project

1-1-1 Background

On September 28, 2018, an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred with the epicentre at the depth of 10 km along the Palu-Coro fault. Serious damage was caused by this earthquake. The shock of the tremors, as well as the tsunami and following soil liquefaction, paralyzed the urban function of four cities including Palu City. In response to the state of disaster in Palu, National Development Planning Agency (hereinafter referred to as BAPPENAS) formulated for the development of the master plan for the restoration of Central Sulawesi. JICA and BAPPENAS agreed to work in cooperation for the restoration of Central Sulawesi through provision of technology from Japan.

Aiming at the reconstruction of affected infrastructures and the realization of disaster-resilient cities, the Project for Development of Regional Disaster Risk Resilience Plan in Central Sulawesi Central Sulawesi was formulated.


Figure 1-1-1 Location of Palu Earthquake (Left) and the Project Area (Right)

The earthquake caused the collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge located at the mouth of the Palu River. The Palu 4 Bridge had been popular among local residents as an iconic landmark with its unique form. In addition to traffic function, it had a role as a place for community activities of citizens. The collapse caused by the earthquake emotionally affected to local residents, also it rises urgent issue to re-establish the east-west traffic, which had been carried by the previous Palu 4 Bridge. The reconstruction of the Palu 4 Bridge, which had been serving essential roles for affected local residents and urban function, is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently. It was, therefore, decided to execute the reconstruction of the Palu 4 Bridge as a grant aid project, considering the need for rapid recovery.

Against this background, the Government of Indonesia requested Japan to provide the following grant aid in December 2018.

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1-2

Year and month of request: December 2018

Amount requested: 2.5 billion yen

Details of request: Reconstruction of collapsed the Palu 4 Bridge

Source: Kompas.com

Figure 1-1-2 Palu 4 Bridge before Collapse (Left) and after Collapse (Right)

1-1-2 Agreement and Conclusion on the Substance Requested

The project to reconstruct the Palu 4 Bridge, which was destroyed by the earthquake, was agreed upon with the Government of Indonesia to be conducted as the Programme for the Reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridge in Central Sulawesi Province. Based on the description in M/D (Minutes of Discussion) , it has been decided to build a new bridge in the former site of the fallen Palu 4 Bridge. The location of the new bridge has been decided to be upstream of the fallen Palu 4 Bridge, avoiding the places where the landslide occurred. By means of the Technical Note, it has been agreed upon with Bina Marga that the bridge design will be developed based on the Japanese standard described in Specifications for Road Bridges, and the resultant design will be verified by Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), the design standard of Indonesia.

1-1-3 Necessity of the Project

The Provinces in Sulawesi have been implementing the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme, which is planned to connect the northern capital city Manado to the southern capital city Makassar, in the Third National Development Programme. The segment from Manado to Palu in the project area has been opened to traffic by fiscal year 2016. For the future, the programme is planned to proceed with the opening of the segment from Palu to Makassar.

In Palu City, which is the area subject to the project implementation, the Palu 3 Bridge located approximately 800 m south of the fallen Palu 4 Bridge provides only the traffic from east to west. Similarly, the Palu 1 Bridge located approximately 1,600 m to the south supports only from west to east. The only bridge that can carry two-way traffic is Palu 2 Bridge located approximately 4,200 m to the south. Furthermore, the traffic in the coastal area is forced to detour southwards in the current situation.

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Thus, the reconstruction of the Palu 4 Bridge is an urgent task to be addressed for re-establishing the traffic in the east-west direction.

This project is expected to secure the traffic in the east-west direction in Palu City, to undertake an important role in the implementation of the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme by enhancing the inter-city road network, and also to contribute to economic recovery and development through improvement of seamless logistics.

1-2 Site Condition

1-2-1 Meteorological Condition

1-2-1-1 Climate

The climate of the area is classified as Tropical Rainforest (Af) by the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, which is characterized by a significant amount of rainfall throughout the year and a limied variation in annual temperature. However, due to its location surrounded by mountains, the rainfall amount in the downstream of the river (rain-shadow1) is relatively low varying from 60 to 100 mm per month, and the average annual rainfall amount is around 1,000 mm at Parome Station (2003-2017).

Source: Balai Wilayah Sungai –Sulawesi III (BWS-III), Rainfall data from 2002 to 2017

Figure 1-2-1 Monthly Rainfall at the downstream (Parome Station) and upstream (Bangga Atas) of Palu River

Regarding the temperature, the variation throughout the year is little; August is the warmest month with an average of 27.7°C and July is the coldest with temperature averaging 25.7°C.

1 A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind). The mountains block the passage

of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.

80.2766.95

83.7390.53

76.1187.82

100.69

64.56 65.83 61.46 62.1975.17

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Mon

tlhy

Rain

fall

(mm

)

Montlhly Rainfall at Parome Station (2003-2017)

53.766.53

83.4594.27

141.08

103.62114.26 111.01

83.12

64.08

124.99

105.91

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Mon

tlhy

Rain

fall

(mm

)

Montlhly Rainfall at Bangga Atas (2002-2014)

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1-4

Table 1-2-1 Temperature by Month in Palu City

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.Average monthly temperature (°C) 26.6 26.7 26.9 26.9 27.4 26.6 25.7 26.8 26.7 27.7 27.2 27.0

Minimum Temperature (°C) 22.9 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.8 23.1 22.0 22.8 22.5 23.3 23.1 23.2

Maximum Temperature (°C) 30.3 30.5 30.7 30.8 31.1 30.2 29.4 30.8 30.9 32.1 31.3 30.8

Source: climate-data.org (https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/central-sulawesi/palu-3638/)

1-2-1-2 Tide

Regarding tidal observation, the river administration office (BWS: Balai Wilayah Sungai of Sulawesi III) has conducted hourly observation during one month through the “Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Boundary in Palu City of 2017”.

Source: BWS (2017), “Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Boundary in Palu City of 2017”

Figure 1-2-2 Results of tidal observation conducted in May-June 2017

1-2-2 Hydrological Condition

1-2-2-1 Past studies on Palu River Planning and Design

Due to the steep topographic conditions, high amount of rainfall and change of land use such as the conversion of forests into plantation and agricultural lands in the upstream, river flooding and flash floods occurred in the past along Palu River, especially in the upper and middle stream. On the other hand, due to the transport of sediment from the upstream and tributaries, the riverbed of Palu River is rising and the discharge capacity is decreasing.

To tackle these issues, BWS has conducted the two following studies.

Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Management of 2010

This study aimed to: 1) Identify the causes of flooding and sedimentation, 2) formulate the principles and concept for flood and sediment control to manage the river, and 3) design countermeasures against flood

Elevation

HHWL Highest High Water Level +2.338m

MHWS Mean High Water Spring +2.316m

MHWL Mean High Water Level +1.766m

MSL Mean Sea Level +1.199m

MLWL Mean Low Water Level +0.676m

MLWS Mean Low Water Spring +0.279m

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and sedimentation. The main activities of this study were the data collection on actual situation of the river system, analysis of the characteristics of Palu River including the evaluation of existing infrastructure and facilities, considerations on short and long-term countermeasure as well as suggestions to minimize conflicts of interest between stakeholders. This study was reviewed through the “Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Boundary in Palu City of 2017”.

Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Boundary in Palu City of 2017

This study aimed to determine river boundaries and to review the river planning conditions proposed by the “Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Management of 2010”.

The design scale flood of this study is 25-years return period flood (Basin average rainfall of 56.558mm/day) and the calculated flood discharge in the downstream is 756.024 m3/s (Figure 1-2-3 and Table 1-2-2).

River widening in the downstream is not planned, and there is not any description on the design levee height.

1-2-2-2 River Planning Conditions at the Palu River mouth

Actually, the JICA Study Team is considering flood countermeasures consisting of river improvement works and basin countermeasures such as implementation of retention basins in the middle-upper stream of Palu River. The target flood is the 2016 floods which intensity is higher than 25 years return period flood.

Regarding the downstream, since it would be difficult to widen the river because of the number of houses and assets to relocate, the design flood discharge of the river is supposed to be set between 800 to 1,000 m3/s, depending on the scale of the retention basin implemented in the middle-upper stream.

As of April 2019, the river planning conditions at the river mouth are as follows.

Figure 1-2-3 Design Flood Discharge

Q25

=598

.111

(m

3 /s)

Q25

=756

.024

(m

3 /s)

Q25

=647

.110

(m

3 /s)

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Table 1-2-2 Outline of River Planning conditions at the Palu River mouth

Description Design Flood Discharge 800 m3/s ~ 1,000 m3/s HWL +2.316m (Mean High Water Spring)

*Calculated river water level(W=1/25): +1.23m, velocity=1.21m/s Design Levee height N/A Riverbed Near the location of Palu 4 Bridge (around 100m from the river mouth)

Design riverbed elevation: -1.91m (The mean riverbed elevation was around -0.98m as of 2017) Riverbed Slope: i=1/900

River Width Actual river boundaries *According to the results of river boundaries delimitation study of 2017, widening of the river in the downstream is not planned.

Note: Factors such as levee height, width will be reviewed and finalized based on the results of the on-going consideration on the tsunami dike and flood countermeasures.

Source: JICA Study Team based on the results of BWS (2017)

1-2-3 Geological Survey

1-2-3-1 Topographical Condition of Palu City

Sulawesi Island, in eastern Indonesia, is a distinctive K – shape island, dominated by four large peninsulas (south peninsula, Minahassa peninsula in the north, east peninsula, and southeast peninsula) separated by three gulfs i.e., Tomini in the northeast, Tolo in the southeast, and Bone in the south. The terrain is mostly mountainous, with many active volcanoes. Mt. Rantemario (3,440m) in the northern part of South Sulawesi is the highest point on the island. All four peninsulas have mountains standing more than 2,500m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Due to its topography, the island has limited plains which are mostly scattered along coastlines. These plains are separated by precipitous mountains, gulfs, and the sea. Flat lands account only for about 10% of the total land area.

The project lies within Palu city, the capital of the Central Sulawesi province, situated on a long, narrow bay in the Palu depression and the mouth of Palu River, with an elevation of less than 5m above MSL. Because of its sheltered position between mountain ridges, the climate is unusually dry. Sulawesi has two seasons; i.e., the dry season from May to October and the rainy season from November to April. Heavy downpours occur in January and February. In Central Sulawesi’s mountainous region, annual precipitation exceeds 2,500mm. Palu and its other low-lying environs on the other hand, receive less rainfall (less than 1,600mm per annum). Lesser still is the coastal region around Palu city (annual precipitation is only about 600mm) which is one of the driest regions in Sulawesi.

Since the island is located on and near the equator, temperature in the lowlands ranges from 21ºC to 35ºC, and 15ºC to 30ºC in the highlands. The average annual temperature in the lowlands is around 27ºC.

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Source: https://reliefweb.int/

Figure 1-2-4 Topographic map of Palu in Central Sulawesi

1-2-3-2 Geological Condition of Palu City

Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia lies at the junction of the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific plates, in a complex region where subduction and collision have been and still are active. The evolution of Neogene kinematics along the Palu-Koro fault has been confirmed based on microtectonics such as, the sinistral strike-slip due to E-W compression, radial extensions caused by the vertical movement of Neogene granitite, and the left lateral with normal component displacement due to the currently active N-S extension/E-W compression.

The Palu depression area is mostly filled by clayey, silty, and sandy alluvial deposits, except on the eastern and western borders which consist of gravelly sands as colluvium wedges. On the western border, the gravel material is granitic fragments mostly of schist, while to the east, the gravel consists of schist, igneous and sedimentary rocks.

Project Area

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Source: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/355/1/157/tab-figures-data

Figure 1-2-5 Geological map of Palu in Sulawesi Island

The western escarpment consists of granite and granodiorite units to the north, while the southern part consists of schistphyllitic units. The eastern escarpment consists of molasses - shallow marine sediments and deposits such as shales, sandstones and conglomerates. The project area lies within the Palu depression as shown in Figure 1-2-5.

1-2-3-3 Survey Results

(1) Topographic Survey

Topographic survey was carried out under supervision of JICA Study Team from March 21st to April 4th in 2019, and the result of survey is shown in Figure 1-2-6.

Project Area

Project Area

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1-9

(Right bank)

(Left bank)

Source: JICA Study Team Figure 1-2-6 Topographic Survey Results

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(2) Geotechnical Survey

1) Survey position and survey method

Boring surveys and SPT tests were conducted under supervision of JICA Study Team to contribute to the foundation ground design of bridges and approach roads. The location of the survey is shown in Figure 1-2-7, and the survey quantity is shown in Table 1-2-3.


Figure 1-2-7 Boring survey position

Table 1-2-3 Outline of Boring survey

No. Bore Hole Total Depth SPT

Co-ordinate in UTM 50 South EGM-08 Remark Easting Northing Elevation

ID# (m) (unit) E (m) N (m) Z (m) 1 GA-01 66.00 65 818,079.45 9,901,987.76 2.42 Left bank 2 GA-02 66.38 58 818,159.73 9,901,981.71 0.97 River-bed 3 GA-03 67.40 59 818,259.57 9,901,974.20 0.57 River-bed 4 GA-04 69.45 69 818,338.72 9,901,968.25 2.72 Right bank 5 GA-05 68.30 59 818,438.36 9,901,960.12 2.52 Right bank side 6 GA-06 65.45 55 818,616.83 9,901,971.53 2.54 Right bank side 7 GA-07 66.40 56 817,959.56 9,901,994.73 2.08 Left bank side


Boring investigations were conducted until stable support layer confirmation, and SPT tests were conducted every 1 m except for sampling places with less disturbance.

The survey was conducted 5 on land and 2 on water. The survey status is shown in Figure 1-2-8.

N

PROJECT

LOCATION

GA-07 GA-05GA-01

GA-04

GA-03

GA-02 GA-06

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Boring survey on water (GA-02､GA-03) Boring survey on land (GA-06)


Figure 1-2-8 Boring survey

Laboratory soil tests were conducted using boring samples (see Table 1-2-4).

Table 1-2-4 Outline of Laboratory test

Soil Test purpose

Moisture cintent

Verification of physical characteristics

Specific Gravity

Bulk Density

Sieve

atterberg's Limits

Direct Shear

Confirmation of strength characteristics and liquefaction strength

Unconfind Compression Test

Triaxial UU

Triaxial CUB

Consolidation Test


The method of conducting the boring survey and the laboratory soil test is shown in Table 1-2-5.

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Table 1-2-5 Implementation criteria for boring surveys and laboratory test

ASTM Ref. TYPE OF INVESTIGATION WORKS GENERAL

D420 Standard guide for investigating and sampling soil and rock EXPLORATORY BORING, CLASSIFICATION, LOGGING AND SAMPLING

D1587 Standard practice for thin-walled tube sampling of soils D2113 Standard practice for diamond core drilling for site investigation D2487 Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system) D2488 Standard practice for description and identification of soils (visual-manual procedure) D4220 Standard practice for preserving and transporting soil samples

IN-SITU TESTING D6089 Standard method for groundwater level measurement D1586 Standard test method for penetration test and split-barrel sampling of soils

LABORATORY TESTING D422 Standard test method for particle-size analysis D854 Standard test method for specific gravity of soils

D698 Test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12,400 ft-lbs/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)

D2166 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil D22l6 Standard test method for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock

D2217 Standard practice for wet preparation of soil samples for particle size analysis and determination of soil constants

D2435 Standard test method for one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils

D2850 Standard test method for unconsolidated un-drained compressive strength of cohesive soils in triaxial compression

D43l8 Standard test method for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils

D4643 Standard test method for determination of water (moisture) content of soil by the microwave oven method


2) Boring survey results

The results of the boring survey are shown in Figure 1-2-9. Soil quality is classified into topsoil, sandy soil and fine grained soil. The results of the SPT test conducted every 1 m were also described.

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Figure 1-2-9 Boring outline column chart

The soil composition and stratigraphy of the Palu river mouth are summarized in Table 1-2-6 Figure 1-2-10 is the N value-depth distribution chart of each layer, and Table 1-2-7 is the N value and particle size characteristics for each boring hole.

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Table 1-2-6 Implementation criteria for boring surveys and laboratory test


Stratum Overview Columnar

Layer 1: Silty SAND toGravelly SAND

As2

Layer 1 mostly consist grayish brown todark gray Silty SAND to Gravelly SANDand yellowish brown sand withconsistency loose up to very dense. Mostly the SPT value of this layer is 3up to >50, and the thickness of this layeris about 19 meters up to 35 meters.

Layer 2: Silty CLAY toClayey SILT

Ac2

Layer 2 mostly consist dark gray SiltyCLAY to Clayey SILT insertion graySandy GRAVEL, and Clayey SAND toSilty SAND with low to high plasticity andconsistency medium stiff up to hard. Mostly the SPT value of this layer is 8up to >50, and the thickness of this layeris about 21 meters up to 42 meters.

Layer 3: Silty SAND toGravelly SAND

As/Is/Ac

Layer 3 mostly consist gray Silty SANDto Gravelly SAND with consistency verystiff up to dense. Mostly the SPT value of this layer is 15up to >50, and the thickness of this layeris about 1 meters up to 12 meters.

Layer 4: Sandy SILTto Silty CLAY

Ac

Layer 4 mostly consist gray Sandy SILTto Silty CLAY with consistency hard. Mostly the SPT value of this layer is upto >50, and the thickness of this layer isabout 1 meter up to 4.5 meters.

As2

Ac2

As/Is/Ac

Ac

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Layer N-Depth Layer 1: Silty SAND to Gravelly SAND

As2

Layer 2: Silty CLAY to Clayey SILT Ac2

Layer 3: Silty SAND to Gravelly SAND Layer 4: Sandy SILT to Silty CLAY

As/Is/Ac


Figure 1-2-10 Stratified N-value depth distribution

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Table 1-2-7 N value and grain size characteristics for each boring Boring N value and grain size characteristics for each soil type

GA-01 Depth 66.00ｍ

GA-02 Depth 66.38m

GA-03 Depth 67.40m

GA-04 Depth 69.45m

GA-05 Depth 68.30m

GA-06 Depth 65.45m

GA-07 Depth 66.40m


35 GA-01

N av N med N max N minN

counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

As2 35.0 36.5 60.0 11.0 24 12.4 28.76 17.0 76.8 6.2

Ac2 13.1 12.0 25.0 8.0 24 4.2 11.05 0.0 6.7 93.3

As 51.5 53.6 107.1 13.0 11 28.7 37.11 0.2 75.1 24.7

Ac 40.6 40.6 68.2 13.0 2 27.6 26.8

Is 30.7 33.0 46.0 13.0 3 13.6 23.9 0.0 37.5 62.5

31 GA-02


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

wetdensit

y

As2 30.0 25.0 61.2 16.0 17 12.4 23.8 17.8 69.2 13.0

Ac2 15.3 13.0 32.0 9.0 20 5.8 12.4 0.0 8.4 91.7 1.74

As 72.0 65.2 125.0 22.0 18 29.1 57.4 0.0 81.9 18.1

Ac 20.5 20.5 25.0 16.0 2 4.5 18.3 0.0 10.4 89.6

Is 66.3 66.3 75.0 57.7 3 8.7 62.0 0.0 40.0 60.0 1.94

40 GA-03


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

wetdensit

y

As2 40.2 43.0 68.2 5.0 25 20.2 30.1 19.0 68.7 12.4

Ac2 13.4 14.0 17.0 7.0 11 2.6 12.1 0.0 14.2 85.8 1.685

As 77.7 65.7 150.0 16.0 16 44.8 55.3 0.8 81.4 17.8

Ac 53.6 35.0 93.8 32.0 3 28.4 39.4 0.0 13.3 86.7

Is 25.5 23.5 34.0 21.0 7 5.0 23.0 0.0 29.2 70.8 1.87

27 GA-4


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

As2 27.0 27.0 47.0 9.0 17 11.3 21.4 16.0 72.7 11.3

Ac2 14.6 13.0 32.0 9.0 36 4.8 12.2 0.0 7.3 92.7

As 62.4 68.2 115.4 18.0 9 28.9 48.0 0.0 47.5 52.5

Ac 45.3 45.3 53.6 37.0 2 8.3 41.1 0.0 13.1 86.9

Is 26.3 28.0 35.0 16.0 3 7.8 22.4 0.0 24.9 75.1

#N/A GA-5


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

wetdensit

y

As2 36.6 36.5 71.4 12.0 30 15.9 28.6 22.1 65.5 12.4

Ac2 14.8 13.5 21.0 12.0 6 3.2 13.2 3.5 11.3 85.2 1.74

As 104.1 100.0 187.5 11.0 9 69.2 69.5 6.3 92.9 0.8

Ac 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 1 0.0 19.0 0.0 8.1 91.9

Is 43.8 40.5 75.0 18.0 13 17.9 34.8 16.8 37.1 46.1 1.74

#N/A GA-6


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

wetdensit

y

As2 39.5 38.0 86.7 6.0 29 20.7 29.1 7.2 84.0 8.8

Ac2 20.6 18.0 33.0 12.0 15 6.6 17.3 0.0 6.6 93.4

As 60.6 61.2 88.5 21.0 8 19.5 50.9 0.0 63.7 36.3

Ac 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 1 0.0 29.0 0.0 6.6 93.4

Is 58.3 50.0 75.0 50.0 3 11.8 52.4 0.0 48.8 51.2

32 GA-7


counta

stdAv-

STD/2

Gravelav

Sand

SiltandClayav

wetdensit

y

As2 32.2 33.0 75.0 7.0 28 15.9 24.2 11.1 75.7 13.2

Ac2 14.5 13.0 20.0 10.0 12 3.3 12.9 0.0 6.8 93.2

As 96.9 55.6 300.0 16.0 6 103.4 45.2 48.7 48.5 2.8

Ac 50.4 55.9 75.0 15.0 5 22.1 39.4 0.0 4.6 95.5

Is 71.1 70.5 115.4 37.0 8 24.2 59.0 0.0 25.0 75.0

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Groundwater level; Boring is carried out at the estuary of the Palu River, 50 to 100 m away from the coastline, and the groundwater level is distributed shallower than GL-2 m.

Table 1-2-8 Water level in borehole

No. Borehole ID# Ground Water Level (GL- m) 1 GA-01 0.52 2 GA-02 0.00 ( on river) 3 GA-03 0.00 (on river) 4 GA-04 1.1 5 GA-05 1.5 6 GA-06 0.6 7 GA-07 0.3


3) Rough settlement examination of embankment

(a) Examination cross section

The study section was the east side abutment back surface embankment with the largest embankment height and thickness of cohesive soil.


Figure 1-2-11 Settlement study section

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(b) Examination model

Clay1 and Clay2 were targeted as main consolidation target layers.


Figure 1-2-12 Examination model

(c) Study results

Consolidation settlement amount of Clay○1

The influence values of the vertical effective stress at the position of the depth z in the trapezoidal strip-shaped embankment with the road width and the slope width b is as follows from FIG. a = 26, b = 5 , z = 29 𝑎𝑧 = 0.9, 𝑏𝑧 = 0.2, Ι = 0.3 (Assuming a symmetrical embankment Ι = 0.6)

Thus, the increased vertical effective stress at depth Z is: Δρ = Ι ∙ δ = Ι ∙ Η ∙ γ = 0.6 × 13 × 20 = 156 kN m2⁄

The amount of consolidation settlement in the Δe method is as follows. Ρo = 18 × 19 + 17 × 10 = 512 kN m2⁄ Ρ𝑜 + ΔΡ = 512 + 156 = 668 𝑘𝑁 m2⁄ Δe = 0.05, 𝑒𝑜 = 0.92 𝑆 = Δe1 + e𝑜 Η = 0.051 + 0.92 × 21 = 0.55𝑚

Consolidation settlement amount of Clay ○2

Calculate like Clay1 a = 26, b = 5, z = 47

10m

13

19

21

10

2

B

San

Clay

Clay

San

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𝑎𝑧 = 0.55 𝑏𝑧 = 0.11 Ι = 0.2(Assuming a symmetrical embankment Ι = 0.4)

Δρ = Ι ∙ δ = Ι ∙ Η ∙ γ = 0.4 × 13 × 20 = 104 kN m2⁄ Ρo = 18 × 19 + 17 × 21 + 18 × 2 + 17 × 5 = 820 kN m2⁄ Ρ𝑜 + ΔΡ = 820 + 104 = 924 𝑘𝑁 m2⁄ Δe = 0.03, 𝑒𝑜 = 0.88 𝑆 = Δe1 + e𝑜 Η = 0.031 + 0.88 × 10 = 0.16𝑚

Consolidation settlement amount of Clay1 + Clay2 𝑆 = 0.55 + 0.16 = 0.71𝑚

Consolidation settling time of Clay 1

t= ( ) 𝑇𝑣 = ( ). 0.848 = 18700000𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 12985𝑑𝑎𝑦 = 35𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Tv: Time factor (at 90% consolidation)

From the above, the total settlement amount is about 70 cm and the consolidation period is about 35 years.

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Souce: Japanese Standard

Figure 1-2-13 Vertical stress influence value in ground by trapezoidal band load

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Figure 1-2-14 Clay○1 e-logP Curve (Boring GA.02､GL-23-24m)

Clay①

e = 0.87

Ρ5.12 Ρ + ΔΡ6.68

Δe = 0.05e = 0.92

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Figure 1-2-15 Clay○2 e-logP Curve (Boring GA.05､GL-42-43m)

Clay②

e = 0.85

Ρ8.2 Ρ + ΔΡ9.2

Δe = 0.03

e = 0.88

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1-3 Environmental and Social Considerations

1-3-1 Environmental and Social Considerations

1-3-1-1 Project Component

The outline of the Grant Project is summarized in Table 1-3-1. It is a reconstruction of original Palu 4 Bridge just upstream side. The length of the bridge is about 260m. The bridge will be connected to existing road Jalan Rajamoili on the right bank and Jalan Cumi Cumi on the left bank. The left bank may apply retaining wall to reduce land acquisition. Detailed design will be conducted in April and May 2019 and address further technical issues.

Table 1-3-1 Summary of the Project

* Road (1 car lane + side walk), both side * Bridge Length about 260 m, Width about 14 m * Embankment + Retaining

wall Length about 250 m, Right bank to be connected to Jalan Rajamoili Left bank to be connected to Jalan Cumi Cumi

* Necessary land area Right bank: about 7,700 m2 (including about 3,000 m2 of existing road) Left bank: about 12,620 m2, Total: about 20,320 m2

* Location Right bank: Besusu Barat village Left bank: Lere village

* Executing Agency (EA) Ministry of Public Works and Housing



Figure 1-3-1 Outline of the Project as of April 1, 2019

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1-3-1-2 Existing environment and social conditions

(1) Pollution

1) Air Quality, Noise and Odor

In Palu City and Central Sulawesi province, detailed data on air quality, noise and odor cannot be obtained through investigation.

2) Water quality

(a) Surface water

In Central Sulawesi province, detailed data on surface water quality has not been able to be obtained.

In Palu city, regarding surface water quality, monitoring data is shown in tables below.

Palu City performed surface water quality monitoring permukaan on 24 April 2018 based on the thresholds set by the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 in three locations, namely:

- River water, Kampung Lere Village, West Palu Subdistrict - Palu River water, Tatanga Village - River water under Bridge I Palu

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Table 1-3-2 River Water Quality Monitoring Results in Palu Rver

No Parameters Unit Standard by Water Class Palu Palu Palu

I II III IV Lere PaluI TatangaPhysical

1 Temperature ºC Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 30/27 30/29 30/292 Turbidity NTU - - - - 1.35 78.9 78.93 Dissolved Solid mg/L 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 151 135 1354 Suspended Solid mg/L 50 50 400 400 355 372 3725 DHL µS - - - - 109 98 98

Chemical 1 Iron, Fe mg/L 0.3 - - - 0.36 0.10 0.102 BOD mg/L 2 3 6 12 8.45 8.0 8.03 COD mg/L 10 25 50 100 < 25 < 25 < 254 DO mg/L 6 4 3 0 3.25 3.15 3.155 Chloride mg/L - 600 - - 6.5 10.3 10.36 Manganese mg/L 0.1 - - - 0.01 0.24 0.247 Oils and Grease mg/L 1.000 1.000 1.000 - Nihil Nihil Nihil8 Nitrate, NO3-N mg/L 10 10 20 20 0.19 0.24 0.249 Nitrite, NO2-N mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.06 - < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.00310 pH - 6-9 6-9 6-9 5-9 6.65 5.98 5.9811 Free Ammonium,

NH3-N mg/L 0.5 - - - 0.13 0.11 0.11

12 Zinc, Zn mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.05 2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.0113 Cyanide, CN# mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.02 - < 0.002 0.09 0.0914 Sulfide, H2S mg/L 400 - - - 27.0 17.5 17.515 Mercury, Hg# mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.03 1 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.0116 Surfactants, MBAS ug/L 200 200 200 - < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.0117 Organic Matter mg/L - - - - 3.35 8.25 8.25

Biological 1 E. Coli MPN/100 ml 1000 5000 10000 10000 139 39 392 Coliform MPN/100 ml 100 1000 2000 2000 139 39 39

Source: Environmental Agency of Palu CitySurface water In Palu city, regarding ground water quality, monitoring data is shown in tables below.

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Table 1-3-3 Results of Groundwater Quality Monitoring in Palu City

No Parameters Unit Water Class Lagarutu TPA

I II III IV Road KawatunaPhysical 1 Odor - - - - - No odor No odor2 Taste - - - - - No taste No taste3 Temperature ºC Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 Deviasi 3 28/30 27/294 Colour TCU - - - - < 5 < 55 Turbidity NTU - - - - 0.59 0.816 Dissolved Solid mg/L 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 322 4997 Suspended Solid mg/L 50 50 400 400 120 98

Chemical 1 Iron, Fe mg/L 0.3 - - - 0.04 < 0.012 BOD mg/L 2 3 6 12 0.09 0.103 COD mg/L 10 25 50 100 < 0.01 < 0.014 DO mg/L 6 4 3 0 190.50 217,985 Chloride mg/L - 600 - - 4.98 6.516 Manganese mg/L 0.1 - - - < 0.01 < 0.017 Oils and Grease mg/L 1.000 1.000 1.000 - Nihil Nihil8 Nitrate, NO3-N mg/L 10 10 20 20 < 0.01 1.139 Nitrite, NO2-N mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.06 - < 0.003 < 0.003

10 pH - 6-9 6-9 6-9 5-9 6.64 6.7511 Surfactants, MBAS ug/L 200 200 200 - < 0.01 < 0.0112 Organic Matter mg/L - - - - 2.5 1.99Biological 1 E. Coli MPN/100 ml 1000 5000 10000 10000 95 762 Coliform MPN/100 ml 100 1000 2000 2000 95 76

Source: Environmental Agency of Palu City

(2) Natural Environment

1) Meteorology/Weather

In Central Sulawesi Province, regarding data of meteorology/weather, there are four monitoring station. Location of monitoring station is in Banggai Regency, Poso Regency, Tolitoli Regency, and Palu City. Monitoring result in 2017 in each monitoring station is shown table below.

Table 1-3-4 Monitoring result in 2017

Information Stastion

Palu Poso Tolitoli LuwukAnnual Maximum Temperature (ºC) 33.8 32.8 32.0 32.2Annual Minimum Temperature (ºC) 23.5 22.7 22.3 23.9Annul Average Temperature (ºC) 27.5 27.7 27.0 28.0Annual Average Humidity (percent) 79.3 83.6 83.4 77.2Annual Average Atmospheric Pressure (mb) 1,008.2 1,009.3 1,010.2 1,011.1Annual Average Wind Velocity (knot) 4.5 2.3 2.0 3.4Annual Average Precipitation (mm) 71,7 169,6 217,8 134,6Annual Average Duration of Sunshine (percent) 59.0 54.8 57.4 -

Source: Central Sulawesi Province in Figures 2018

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In Palu city, monthly average of temperature and humidity 2017 is shown in table below. Minimum temperature is 21.9 ºC in January and maximum temperature is 33.8 ºC in April and the lowest monthly average temperature is 27.0 ºC in January and the highest monthly average temperature is 28.3 ºC in December. Regarding humidity, the lowest monthly average is 75.5% in April and the highest monthly average is 84.0 % in June.

Table 1-3-5 Monthly Average of temperature and humadity in Palu City 2017

Month Temperature (ºC)

Humidity (%) Minimum Maximum Average

January 21.9 32.3 27.0 79.4 February 23.9 32.7 27.4 78.8 March 23.8 32.9 27.3 78.2 April 24.2 33.8 28.1 75.5 May 24.6 33.5 28.0 80.1 June 23.7 30.9 26.7 84.0 July 23.5 31.7 26.8 82.6

August 23.7 31.8 26.9 82.3 September 23.6 32.8 27.4 80.1

October 24.0 32.9 27.9 78.8 November 24.4 33.1 28.2 77.1 December 24.2 33.2 28.3 74.9

Source: Palu City in Figures 2018

Monthly Average of Air Pressure, Wind Velocity and The Most of Wind Direction in Palu City is shown in table below. Regarding air pressure, July are the highest, 1,012.0 mb and June is the lowest, 978.1 mb. Widow velocity is stable and it’s 4 or 5 knots. The most of wind direction is North or North West.

Table 1-3-6 Monthly Average of Air Pressure, Wind Velocity and The Most of Wind Direction in Palu City, 2017

Month Air Pressure (mb) Wind Velocity (knots) The Most of Wind Direction January 1,010.9 4 North February 1,011.4 5 North March 1,011.5 5 North April 1,010.4 5 NorthWest May 1,011.0 5 NorthWest June 978.1 4 NorthWest July 1,012.0 4 NorthWest August 1,011.3 4 NorthWest September 1,011.5 4 NorthWest October 1,010.4 5 NorthWest November 1,009.3 5 NorthWest December 1,011.1 4 NorthWest


Monthly Average of Rainy Day, Rainfall and Length of Daylight in Palu City Based On Month, 2017 is shown in table below. Regarding number of rainy day, period from June to November is more than

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20 days. Regarding rain fall, June is the highest, 166 mm, and December is the lowest, 25 mm. Regarding length of day light, October is the highest, 67 %, and February is the lowest, 49%.

Table 1-3-7 Monthly Avergae of Rainy Day, Rainfall and Length of Daylight in Palu City 2017

Month The Number of Rain (Day)

Rain fall (mm)

Length of Daylight (%)

January 11 44 61 February 19 52 49 March 22 43 56 April 18 37 62 May 16 72 64 June 22 166 50 July 23 95 58 August 23 121 54 September 24 86 64 October 25 85 67 November 20 36 65 December 14 25 59


2) Topography and geology

Topography and geology around the project area are described in the chapter 1-2-3.

3) Hydrology

In Palu city, detailed data on hydrology has not been able to be obtained through investigation.

4) Land Use

In Central Sulawesi province and Palu City, detailed data on land use has not been able to be obtained through investigation.

5) Flora and Fauna

In Central Sulawesi province including Palu city, Sigi regency anf Donggala regency, regarding data on flora and fauna, endemic species are shown in table below.

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Table 1-3-8 Endemic species of flora in Central Sulawesi

No. Name No. Name Flora

Mammalia Lowland Forest

1 Mussaendopsis beccariana 1 Anoa quarlesi 2 Strychnos axillaris, 2 Anoa depressicornis 3 Celtis sp., 3 Babyrousa babyrusa 4 Pterospermum subpeltatum, 4 Sus celebensis 5 Canangium odoratum, 5 Macaca tonkeana 6 Durio zibenthinus 6 Phalanger ursinus

Low Mountains Forest 7 Phalanger celebensis 7 Castanopsis argentea 8 Tarsius spectrum 8 Lithocarpus spp., 9 Cervus timorensis 9 Dacrydium falcifolia, Aves 10 Phyllocladus hypophyllus, 10 Tanygnatus sumatrana 11 Tristania sp., 11 Loriculus exilis 12 Calophyllum spp., 12 Trichoglossus platurus 13 Garcinia spp., 13 Cacatua sulphurea

High Plateau/Forest 14 Buceros rhinoceros 14 Podcarpus neriifolia 15 Aceros cassidix 15 Podocarpus imbricatus 16 Anhinga rufa 16 Nepthenes sp. 17 Rallus platen

Glass Plant 18 Scolopax celebencis 17 Orthosiphon aristatus, 19 Tyto inexspectata 18 Curcuma longa, 20 Geomalia heinrichi 19 Pangium edule 21 Macrocephalon maleo

Reptile 22 Phyton reticulatus 23 Ophiophagus Hannah 24 Elaphe erythrura

Beaste 25 Papilio blumei 26 Graphium androcles 27 Appies spp

Source: Lore Lindu National Park

6) Protected Area

The Map of Protected Forest and Utilization Forest in Central Sulawesi Province has been drawn up based on the Regulation of Environment and Forestry Ministry Number SK.2383/ Menhut-VI /BRPUK/ 2015. The forest is categorized into five (5) as follows in Indonesia.

Conservation Forest Protected Forest Limited Production Forest Production Forest Conversion Forest

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Source:Map of Protected Forest and Utilization Forest in Central Sulawesi Province 2015

Figure 1-3-2 Forest Map of Central Sulawesi

Palu City has some protected area in the form of coral reef and mangrove that can be seen in Figure 1-3-3, Figure 1-3-4, and Figure 1-3-5. Figure 1-3-5 shows 1.06 ha of mangrove near the Palu 4 Bridge. It is recommended to confirm recent condition after the earthquake.

Source: Map of Coral reef and mangrove in Baiya Subdistrict

Figure 1-3-3 Coral reef and mangrove in Baiya Subdistrict

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Source: Map of Coral reef and mangrove in Pantoloan Boya Subdistrict

Figure 1-3-4 Coral reef and mangrove in Pantoloan Boya Subdistrict

Source: Map of Coral reef and mangrove in West Besusu Subdistrict

Figure 1-3-5 Coral reef and mangrove in West Besusu Subdistrict

In Donggala regecy including Palu Gulf, regarding protected is, map of protected area is shown in figures below.

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Source: Map of Protected Area of Donggala Regency

Figure 1-3-6 Protected Area of Donggala Regency

(3) Social Environment

1) Population

In Central Sulawesi, regarding population, there are 2,966,325 people as of 2017 and population growth rate from 2000 to 2017 is 1.65 %. Population data of 1971 to 2017 including ratio of male and female is shown in table below.

Table 1-3-9 Population in Central Sulawesi

Population Census (years)

Sex Total

(Person)

Population Growth

(%) Male

(Person) Female (Person)

1971 467,166 446,496 913,662 2.83(1961-1971) 1980 655,285 624,350 1,289,635 3.87(1971-1980) 1990 877,039 834,288 1,711,327 2.87(1980-1990) 2000 1,113,212 1,062,781 2,175,993 2.52(1990-2000) 2010 1,350,844 1,284,165 2,635,009 1.95(2000-2010) 2017 1,514,457 1,451,868 2,966,325 1.65(2000-2017)


Break down of population for each regency and city of Central Sulawesi is shown table below. As of 2017, Palu city has the most population, 379,800 people.

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Table 1-3-10 Population and Growth Rate of Population Based on Regency/City in Central Sulawesi Province

Province/City Population (thousand) Growth Rate per Year (%)

2010 2016 2017 2010-2017 2016-2017 Palu City 338.0 374.0 379.8 1.68 1.54 Donggala 278.6 296.4 299.2 1.02 0.94 Sigi 215.8 232.2 234.6 1.20 1.04 Parigi Moutong 415.3 465.9 474.3 1.92 1,82 Banggai 325.1 360.0 365.6 1.69 1.55 Tolitoli 212.1 228.5 231.0 1.23 1.09 Poso 210.2 240.8 246.0 2.27 2.15 Tojo Una-Una 138.3 149.2 150.8 1.20 1.04 Buol 133.0 152.3 155.6 2.26 2.16 Banggai Kepulauan 109.8 116.0 116.8 0.89 0.69 Morowali Utara 104.6 120.3 123.0 2.34 2.21 Morowali 102.7 115.2 117.3 1.92 1.85 Banggai Laut 62.5 70.9 72.3 2.10 1.99


Population characteristics is shown table below.

Table 1-3-11 Population Based on Age Group and Sex in Central Sulawesi Province

Age Group Sex (person)

Male Female Total 0-4 159,585 153,237 312,822 5-9 144,721 136,236 280,957

10-14 142,423 135,127 277,550 15-19 140,886 135,094 275,980 20-24 128,639 124,913 253,552 25-29 125,817 122,396 248,213 30-34 125,904 123,553 249,457 35-39 121,329 116,214 237,543 40-44 107,796 102,176 209,972 45-49 88,8694 83,230 171,924 50-54 70,857 65,886 136,743 55-59 54,973 50,279 105,252 60-64 39,298 36,283 75,581 65+ 63,535 67,244 130,779

Total 1,514,457 1,451,868 2,966,325


In Palu city, regarding population, population and population and population growth is shown in table below. As of 2017, Palu Timur district has the biggest number of people in Palu city, 71,452 people, and Tatangan district is the highest population growth in Palu city, 1.60%.

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Table 1-3-12 Population and Population Growth Rate by Subdistrict in Palu City, 2017

Districts Population Population Growth

(%) 2010 (people) 2016 (people) 2017 (people)Palu Barat 98,739 61,424 62,293 1.41 Tatanga - 39,369 39,997 1.60 Ulujadi - 27,319 27,763 1.63 Palu Selatan 122,752 69,492 70,571 1.55 Palu Timur 75,967 70,378 71,452 1,53 Mantikulore - 62,822 63,804 1,56 Palu Utara 39,074 22,834 23,196 1,59 Tawaeli - 20,382 20,706 1,59

Palu City 336,352 374,020 379,782 1,54


Regarding population and sex ration in each district in Palu city as of 2017 is shown in table below. Excepting Palu Timur District, regarding sex ratio, people of male is more than female in Palu city.

Table 1-3-13 Population and Sex Ratio by Subdistrict in Palu City, 2017

Districts Sex

Sex ratio Male (people) Female (people) Total (people)

Palu Barat 31,194 31,099 61,293 100 Tatanga 20,265 19,732 39,997 103 Ulujadi 13,970 13,793 27,763 101 Palu Selatan 35,583 34,988 70,571 102 Palu Timur 35,409 36,043 71,452 98 Mantikulore 32,332 31,472 63,804 103 Palu Utara 11,608 11,588 23,196 100 Tawaeli 10,519 10,187 20,706 103

Palu City 190,880 188,902 379,782 101


Regarding population for each age group, population by age group and gender in Palu city as of 2017 is shown in table below.

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Table 1-3-14 Population by Age Group and Gender in Palu City, 2017

Age Group Gender (people)

Male Female Total 0-4 17,239 16,657 33,896 5-9 15,277 14,388 29,665

10-14 15,253 14,627 29,880 15-19 20,719 21,718 42,437 20-24 23,655 22,850 46,505 25-29 16,791 15,926 32,717 30-34 15,341 14,784 30,125 35-39 14,049 14,692 28,741 40-44 13,869 14,286 28,155 45-49 12,200 11,835 24,035 50-54 9,679 9,018 18,697 55-59 6,951 6,712 13,663 60-64 4,559 4,544 9,103 65+ 5,298 6,865 12,163

Total 190,880 188,902 379,782


2) Literacy rate

In Central Sulawesi including Palu city, Sigi regency, and Donggala regency, regarding data of literacy rate, data has not been able to be obtained through investigation.

According to World Bank statistics, the adult literacy rate for all of Indonesia in 2016 is 95.377%.

3) Number of Earthquake Victims

In Palu city, regarding number of suffers, number of suffers of earthquake for each district is shown in table below.

Table 1-3-15 Number of Earthquake Victims in Palu City, 2018

Districts Number of Casualties

Victims Dead Lost

Mantikulore 319 255 64 Palu Selatan 581 427 154 Tatanga 110 65 45 Tawaeli 155 149 6 Palu Timur 306 279 27 Palu Utara 69 54 15 Palu Barat 943 780 163 Ulujadi 180 122 58

Total 2,663 2,131 532

Source: Bappeda of Palu City 2018

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4) Indigenous people

In Central Sulawesi province, regarding indigenous people, Isolated Traditional Communities in Central Sulawesi Province 2017 is shown in table below. The ethnic groups in Central Sulawesi are mostly of Kaili tribe. The Kaili tribe is divided to small traditional communities spread in Central Sulawesi Province under different tribe names in each area.

Table 1-3-16 Isolated Traditional Communities in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017

No Regency Name of Tribe Population1 Banggai Kepulauan 1.Sea-sea, 2Bajo 1,155-2 Banggai 1.Loinang (saluam),2. Wana,3Balantak/Masama 5,858-3 Morowali 1.Wana(Taa) 1,19604 Poso 1.Wana 4705 Donggala 1.Tolare/Da’a, 2.Kori Rai, 3,Unde,5.Tajio, 6.Pendau, 7.Ado,8.Tado,

9.Uma, 10.Tara, 11.Ledo, 12.Lauje, 13.Kaili 5,795

6 Tolitoli 1.Lauje, 2.Pandau, 3.Dondo, 4.Pandau and Dondo, 5.Lanje, 6.Hanje,7.Bajo

17,810

7 Parigi Moutong 1.Lauje, 2.Tara, 3.Pendau 11,8858 Tojo Una-Una 1.Wana 5,7859 Sigi 1.Da’a 14,790

10 Banggai Laut 1.Banggai, 2.Banggai Bajo 4,86011 Morowali Utara 5,160


In Palu city, regarding indigenous people, following information has been obtained through investigation.

The ethnic group in Palu City is of Kaili tribe. Each village in Palu City has a customary institution, therefore there are 46 customary institutions spread in Palu City, as many as the number of villages in the city. All members of the customary institutions are traditional societies.

Traditional societies can be categorized into three elements, i.e. traditional leaders, customary stakeholders, and customary perpetrators:

Traditional Leaders (Tokoh Adat) are also known as Indigenous Elders (Tetua Adat), or people considered to be the elders among those in the customary institutions, however not all customary institution has a traditional leader. The number of traditional leaders in Palu City would be different from one institution to another, with a maximum of five traditional leaders in one institution.

Customary Perpetrators (Pelaku Adat) are those who are known to be able to perform Traditional Rituals. The number of customary stakeholders in each customary institution would be different. Some data acquired revealed the following numbers: Balaroa 33 people, Duyu 17 people, Donggala koin 31 people, Kabonena 15 people, Silae 14 people, Tipo 23 people, Buluri 9 people, Watusampu 27 people.

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Palu City Customary Stakeholders include everyone involved in a customary institution. Each customary institution would have 13 customary stakeholders. With 46 villages in Palu City, there are a total of 598 customary stakeholders (13 people x 46 villages) in Palu City.

In Sigi regency and Donggla regency, regarding indigenous people, data has not been able to be obtained through investigation.

5) Livelihood and local economy

In Central Sulawesi province, regarding livelihood and local economy, number of people for each work field is shown in table below.

The ratio of the number of employees in agriculture, forestry and fisheries is the largest. Next, there are a large number of employees in commerce, restaurants and hotels. Also, although the gender ratio of workers varies greatly depending on the field, the total number of workers is almost the same for both men and women.

Table 1-3-17 The Number of People Aged Over 15 Who Work in a Week by The Main Work Field and Gender in Central Sulawesi Province in 2017

Main Work Field Gender

Male Female Total Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting, and Fisheries 444,092 164,654 608,746 Mining and Quarrying 26,071 4,420 30,491 Manufacturing Industry 50,233 36,763 86,986 Municipal electricity, gas and water 2,424 559 2,983 Constructions 82,334 1,184 83,518 Retail, Restaurants, and Hotels 83,491 134,511 218,002 Transportation, warehousing and communication 43,393 1,520 44,913 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Business Services 14,273 6,632 20,905 Personal and social services 139,771 137,899 277,670


6) School and Education

The final educational background in Central Sulawesi as of 2017 is shown in Table 1-3-18. Regarding the final educational background, the senior high school graduates are the most in Palu City but the elementary school graduates are the most in other cities.

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Table 1-3-18 Educational Background in Central Sulawesi 2017

Regency/City

Education (%) Not

Completed Elementary

School

Elementary School

Junior High

School

Senior High

School

Vocational Senior High

School

Diploma I/II

Academy/ Diploma

III

Bachelor/ Diploma

IV

Palu City 10.79 19.86 17.20 30.50 6.16 1.31 2.56 11.62Sigi 16.19 37.32 17.09 19.15 3.15 0.26 0.88 5.96Donggala 20.72 40.88 16.26 15.41 2.30 0.48 0.42 3.53Parigi Moutong 25.05 38.76 18.64 12.87 1.75 0.05 0.51 2.37Tojo Una-Una 23.41 36.04 16.15 15.31 3.29 0.58 1.23 3.99Tolitoli 19.27 34.69 18.26 14.74 3.88 0.53 1.08 7.55Buol 18.47 35.39 19.11 15.51 3.27 0.91 1.71 5.63Banggai Kepulauan

17.93 38.91 16.68 16.84 2.61 0.45 0.84 5.74

Morowali 16.65 31.22 18.65 19.99 2.12 0.45 2.46 8.46Banggai 16.13 39.19 18.08 16.49 3.57 0.76 1.14 4.64Morowali Utara 14.88 26.89 17.34 19.95 3.65 0.85 1.05 5.39Poso 14.18 34.79 19.21 19.83 3.61 0.75 1.14 6.49Banggai Laut 13.64 40.96 18.71 16.10 1.65 0.42 1.57 6.95


In Palu city, Sigi regency, and Donggala regency, regarding school, number of school has been identified as follows. Each city and regency, there are Elementary school, Junior high school, Senior high school, and Vocational senior high school.

Table 1-3-19 Number of schools in Palu city, Sigi regency, and Donggala regency

No. School Number

Palu Sigi Donggala 1 Kindergarten 149 216 N.A. 2 Elementary school 168 272 353 3 Junior high school 47 93 95 4 Senior high school 26 32 19 5 Vocational senior high school 27 12 13


7) Cultural Heritage

In Central Sulawesi province including Palu city, Sigi regency and Donggala regency, there are cultural heritage such as Caves, Megalithic Sites, The Tomb of The King, Mosques and Churches, Traditional Houses, and The Castle of The King. Detailed data is under investigation.

8) Waste and waste management

In Palu city, in 2017, the volume of waste reached 279,574 m3. To manage the vast number of waste, Palu City owns a waste management with 64 waste containers, 8 units of waste processing plants with reduce, reuse recycle waste hierarchy (TPS3R), and Kawatuna final waste deposit area (TPA).

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9) Health

(a) Main illnesses

In Central Sulawesi province, there are 10 most common illnesses as shown in table below.

Table 1-3-20 Number of Cases of the 10 Most Common Illnesses in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017

No Types of Illnesses Number of Cases 1 Upper respiratory infection/URTI 244,805 2 Gastritis/stomach inflammation 173,026 3 Hypertension/high blood pressure 109,765 4 Gastrointeritis/diarrhea/stomach flu 39,896 5 Allergic skin diseases 39,320 6 Other diseases on upper respiratory 19,089 7 Hypotension/low blood pressure 18,646 8 Influenza 17,361 9 Nervous system disorder and other neurological diseases 13,180 10 Rheumatoid arthritis 12,235


In Palu city, there are 10 most common illnesses as shown in table below.

Table 1-3-21 Number of Cases of the 10 Most Common Illnesses in Palu City, 2017 No Types of Illnesses Number of Cases 1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 43,507 2 Gastritis 18,206 3 Other diseases of the respiratory tract 17,953 4 Diseases of the muscular system/organ binder 14,986 5 Allergic skin disease 10,540 6 High blood pressure (hypertension) 10,253 7 Nervous system diseases and disorders 9,408 8 Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues 7,382 9 Diarrhea 6,451 10 Tonsillitis 6,204


(b) Current situation of infectious of HIV

In Central Sulawesi province, number of cases of HIV, AIDS, and Sexually Transmitted Infection for each regency/city is as shown in table below.

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Table 1-3-22 Number of Cases of HIV, AIDS, and Sexually Transmitted Infection by Regency/City in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017

Regency/City Number

HIV AIDS Sexually Transmitted Infection Palu City 121 18 61 Sigi 25 3 1 Donggala 9 3 4 Banggai Kepulauan - - - Banggai 37 26 - Morowali 8 - - Poso 23 21 125 Tolitoli 7 - 6 Buol 7 - 12 Parigi Moutong 7 13 66 Tojo Una-Una 9 2 - Banggai Laut 2 2 1 Morowali Utara 5 5 -

Total 266 93 276

Source: Central Sulawasi Province in Figure 2018

(c) Number of hospitals

In Central Sulawesi province, there are 32 hospitals. Undata Regional Public Hospital Palu and Madani Regional Public Hospital Palu are owned by Central Sulawesi province. Number of hospital and health facilities for each regency and city in Central Sulawesi is as shown in table below.

Table 1-3-23 Number of Health Facilities by Regency/City in Central Sulawesi Province, 2017

Regency/City Hospital Maternity Hospital Public Health Center Child Health Center Banggai Kepulauan 1 - 13 173 Banggai 2 - 26 388 Morowali 1 - 9 153 Poso 2 - 21 280 Donggala 2 - 15 442 Tolitoli 1 - 14 260 Buol 1 - 11 160 Parigi Moutong 3 1 23 452 Tojo Una-Una 2 - 13 196 Sigi 1 - 19 363 Banggai Laut 1 - 5 89 Morowali Utara 1 - 12 167 Palu City 14 4 13 223

Total 32 93 194 3,346


In Palu city, there are 9 hospitals. Number of hospital and health facilities for each district in Palu City is shown in table below.

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Table 1-3-24 Number of Health Facilities by District in Palu City, 2017

District Hospital Maternity Hospital Public Health Center Child Health Center Palu Barat 2 1 1 28 Tatanga - - 2 24 Ulujadi - - 1 28 Palu Selatan 3 1 3 32 Palu Timur 2 2 1 32 Mantikulore 1 - 2 37 Palu Utara 1 - 2 37 Tawaeli - - 2 23

Total 9 4 13 224


1-3-1-3 Laws, Regulations, Institutions Related to Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Management

(1) Legal Framework of Indonesia

Public works in Indonesia shall be planned, designed and implemented in accordance with the regulations on EIA (AMDAL (Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan, Environmental Impact Analysis) in Bahasa Indonesia) issued by Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Major regulations on AMDAL are summarized below. (Source: Check list March 14, 2019)

Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of Environment

This is the main Indonesian law on environmental management. The law states to conduct AMDAL, UKL-UPL (Formulir Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup, Environmental Management Efforts Form and Environmental Monitoring Efforts) or SPPL (Surat Pernyataan Kesanggupan Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup, Statement of Environmental Management and Monitoring) according to significance of possible impact. The law stipulates necessity of environmental permission.

The Grant Loan Project is the reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridge at the length of about 260 m. According to Appendix 1, I. Public Works Sector, No. 8 b, a bridge construction with a length of over 500 m is required an AMDAL. The Project shorter than 500 m, and is, therefore, subject to UKL-UPL. The table below shows AMDAL's criteria for the bridge project.

Table 1-3-25 AMDAL Criteria for Field Public Works

No. Criteria for AMDAL I. Field of Public Works

8. a. Development Underpass, tunnel, flyover, with a length of > 2 km b. Bridge construction, with a length of > 500 m

Source: Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of Environment

Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2012

The regulation defines screening procedures and types of projects required AMDAL.

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Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 8 of 2013

The regulation defines contents to be included in ANDAL, UKL-UPL and SPPL.

(2) Institutional Responsibility

1) In the Planning Stage

As this project is a project of Palu City Road, Palu City Environment Department will be the examination organization.

Implementing Agency (IA) prepares UKL-UPL report, and the Environment Department of Pal city examines and issues Environmental Clearance.

2) In the Construction Stage

IA will conduct the EMP and EMOP described in UKL-UPL. Monitoring results will be reported from IA to Indonesian government and JICA.

3) In the Operation Stage

Same as in the construction phase, IA will conduct EMP and EMOP described in UKL-UPL. Monitoring results will be reported from IA to Indonesian government and JICA.

(3) Review Steps of UPL-UKL

Table 1-3-26 explains the review steps of UPL-UKL for the Grant Project. The review process of UKL-UPL will require minimum 14 working days according to MOE Regulation No. 08/2013. According to the interview with Palu City Environment Division on March 18, 2019, the UPL-UKL of the reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridge will be reviewed by Palu City.

Coordination with IA (expected to be Provincial Balai Bina Marga at Palu) and Palu City UKL-UPL Secretariat about how and when to incorporate the above steps with the JICA-required 2 public consultations as well as the submission of IEE report to JICA.

Table 1-3-26 Review Steps of UPL-UKL

Steps Action 1 The Implementation Agency (IA, expected to be Provincial Balai Bina Marga at Palu) will prepare UKL-UPL and

submit the report to the Palu City UKL-UPL Secretariat. 2 The Palu City UKL-UPL Secretariat will check if the format of the report is according to the requirement. 3 When confirmed, Palu City Mayor will publish that the City received the report. 4 The Palu City UKL-UPL Secretariat will conduct technical review of the contents of the report within 14 working

days after the publish by the Mayor. 5 When it is found that the report passes the technical review, the Mayor will issue the Environmental Clearance (EC). 6 The Mayor will publish a notice on the review results of the UKL-UPL. The report and the review results will be

made available for public review.

Source: IGES, 2018

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Figure 1-3-7 UPL-UKL Examination Procedure Flow

(4) JICA Guidelines

According to “JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations 2010” (JICA Guidelines 2010), projects are categorized mainly depending upon the significance of the negative impacts. (Table 1-3-27) Appendix 3 of JICA Guidelines 2010 lists projects in the sector of road and bridge as ‘the sector that may cause significant negative impacts.’

The ESMF (Environmental and Social Framework) for the Project states that no sub-project under the Project shall be categorized as A.

Considering that the Project will cause no relocation of residents, and the Project is basically the reconstruction of the original Palu 4 Bridge, the Project can be categorized as B.

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Table 1-3-27 Categorization Criteria of JICA Guideline Category Categorization Criteria

Category A

● Proposed projects are classified as Category A if they are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the environment and society.

● Projects with complicated or unprecedented impacts that are difficult to assess, or projects with a wide range of impacts or irreversible impacts, are also classified as Category A.

● These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical construction. ● Category A, in principle, includes projects in sensitive sectors, projects that have characteristics that are

liable to cause adverse environmental impacts, and projects located in or near sensitive areas.

Category B

● The project may have adverse impacts on the environment or society, but these impacts are less significant than those of Category A projects.

● These impacts are site-specific; few, if any, of them are irreversible; in most cases, they can be mitigated more readily than Category A projects.

● Responsibilities of the project proponents include the planning and monitoring of necessary Environmental and Social Consideration (ESC) activities.

● ESC procedures such as Strategic Environmental Assessment for Master Plan projects and stakeholder participation may be required, depending on the scale and nature of the adverse impacts.

Source: JICA Guideline 2010

(5) GAP Analysis

Table 1-3-28 summarizes the key differences between the JICA Guidelines and Indonesian Law No. 32 of 2009 and related Ministry Regulations. The policies of the Project to bridge the gaps is also explained in Table 1-3-28.

Table 1-3-28 GAP Analysis

Target JICA Guideline Law No. 32 of 2009

Ministry Reg. No. 5 of 2012 Ministry Reg. No. 8 of 2013

Gaps Between JICA Guidelines and Indonesian Laws, Bridging

Measures Underlying Principles

● Environmental impacts that may be caused by projects must be assessed and examined in the earliest possible planning stage.

● Public works in Indonesia shall be planned, designed and implemented in accordance with the regulations on EIA issued by Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

● No gap. ● The Project will be subject to

UKL-UPL review process.

● Alternatives or mitigation measures to avoid or minimize adverse impacts must be examined and incorporated into the project plan. JICA Guidelines Appendix 1, 1.1

● Mitigation measures to avoid or minimize adverse impacts must be proposed by the Implementing Agency in both AMDAL and UKL-UPL, and incorporated into the Project Plan.

● Alternative study is not required, but the conformity of the Project with the official Spatial Plan must be explained.

● Alternative study is not required.

● JICA Mission Team will incorporate alternative plans of the Project that were studied during the preparatory design stage, and the reasons of selection of preferred plan in the Report.

Information dissemination

● EIA reports (which may be referred to differently in different systems) must be written in the official language or in a language widely used in the country in which the project is to be implemented.

● AMDAL and UKL-UPL will be written in Bahasa Indonesia.

● No gap. ● The same contents will be

provided in English for JICA review.

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Measures ● When explaining projects to

local residents, written materials must be provided in a language and form understandable to them;

● When explaining projects to local residents, written materials will be provided in Bahasa Indonesia.

● No gap. ● Further discussion with IA

and Palu City is desirable for the Project to check if materials in local Kaili language must be considered.

● EIA reports are required to be made available to the local residents of the country in which the project is to be implemented. The EIA reports are required to be available at all times for perusal by project stakeholders such as local residents and copying must be permitted; Appendix 2 Forewords

● AMDAL-related documents are available for public throughout the review process, starting from the first step (announcement of the project by the project owner) to the final step (announcement of issuing the environmental clearance).

● UKL-UPL-related documents are available for public at two stages; the first after the official receive of UKL-UPL by the reviewing agency, and the second after the announcement of issuing the environmental clearance

● No gap ● UKL-UPL will be made

available to the local residents.

Social Acceptability

● For projects with a potentially large environmental impact, sufficient consultations with local stakeholders, such as local residents, must be conducted via disclosure of information at an early stage, at which time alternatives for project plans may be examined.

● The outcome of such consultations must be incorporated into the contents of project plans. Appendix 1, 5.1

● In preparing EIA reports, consultations with stakeholders, such as local residents, must take place after sufficient information has been disclosed. Records of such consultations must be prepared;

● Consultations with relevant stakeholders, such as local residents, should take place if necessary throughout the preparation and implementation stages of a project.

● Holding consultations is highly desirable, especially when the items to be considered in the EIA are being selected, and when the draft report is being prepared. Appendix 2 Forewords

● In the project subject to AMDAL process, the project owner must hold a public consultation before the submission of draft TOR of AMDAL to the reviewing agency. Besides the public consultation, general public may submit opinions during 10 working days after the announcement of the project by the project owner.

● After receiving the draft AMDAL from the project owner, the reviewing agency invites public opinion for 10 working days. AMDAL technical secretary will instruct the project owner for revision when necessary.

● AMDAL committee will hold public hearing during the review process.

● For the project subject to UKL-UPL, which is considered to cause smaller environmental impact, no public consultation is mandated.

● For the project subject to UKL-UPL, no public consultation is mandated.

● At least two public consultations (called socialization in local system) will be held for the Project, one at early stage of the IEE study, and one after the environmental assessment is drafted.

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Measures Scope of Impacts to Be Assessed

● The impacts to be assessed with regard to environmental and social considerations include impacts on human health and safety, as well as on the natural environment, that are transmitted through air, water, soil, waste, accidents, water usage, climate change, ecosystems, fauna and flora, including trans-boundary or global scale impacts.

● These also include social impacts, including migration of population and involuntary resettlement, local economy such as employment and livelihood, utilization of land and local resources, social institutions such as social capital and local decision-making institutions, existing social infrastructures and services, vulnerable social groups such as poor and indigenous peoples, equality of benefits and losses and equality in the development process, gender, children’s rights, cultural heritage, local conflicts of interest, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and working conditions including occupational safety. Appendix 1, 3.1

● The impacts to be assessed in AMDAL and UKL-UPL include impacts on pollution, natural environment, and social and economic environment.

● The impacts to be assessed, however, are selected from the project activities. No such standard check list of environmental items is available.

● No standard check list of environmental items is available.

● In the impact scoping stage of the Project, the standard list of impacts will be referred to identify potential impacts.

● In addition to the direct and immediate impacts of projects, their derivative, secondary, and cumulative impacts as well as the impacts of projects that are indivisible from the project are also to be examined and assessed to a reasonable extent. It is also desirable that the impacts that can occur at any time throughout the project cycle should be considered throughout the life cycle of the project. Appendix 1. 3.2

● No clear requirement of examination and assessment of derivative, secondary, and cumulative impacts as well as the impacts of projects that are indivisible from the project.

● Derivative, secondary, and cumulative impacts as well as the impacts of projects that are indivisible from the Project will be examined and assessed to a reasonable extent.

● The impacts that can occur throughout the life cycle of the Project will also be examined and assessed to a reasonable extent.

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Measures Monitoring and resolving problems

● Project proponents etc. should make efforts to make the results of the monitoring process available to local project stakeholders. Appendix 1, 8.3

● When third parties point out, in concrete terms, that environmental and social considerations are not being fully undertaken, forums for discussion and examination of countermeasures are established based on sufficient information disclosure, including stakeholders’ participation in relevant projects. Project proponents etc. should make efforts to reach an agreement on procedures to be adopted with a view to resolving problems. Appendix 1, 8.4.

● In Construction Stage, EMP and EMOP prepared as a part of AMDAL or UKL-UPL will be implemented, and periodic monitoring will be conducted. Monitoring result will be report to the concerned authorities in Indonesia and JICA, according to the reporting method to be stipulated in AMDAL or UKL-UPL.

● Unforeseen environmental problems and issues raised by surrounding communities or others during the construction stage can be handled by the grievance redress mechanism to be established according to ESMF.

● In Operation Stage, monitoring and reporting will be implemented in accordance with EMOP and grievance will be handled in the grievance redress mechanism to be established.

● No gap ● Environmental Management

Plan and Monitoring Plan for the Project will be reviewed and approved by Palu City. The Plans will be made available to general public.

● The IA will be responsible to implement, monitor and report the EMP and EMOP throughout the Construction and Operation Stage.

Ecosystem and Biota

● Projects must not involve significant conversion or significant degradation of critical natural habitats and critical forests. Appendix 1. 6.1.

● No specific description on the limitation of project impacts.

● In the draft Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), it is declared that to be financed, the sub-projects will need to be Category B or C under the JICA Guidelines 2010.

● No gap. Indigenous Peoples

● Any adverse impacts that a project may have on indigenous peoples are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures must be taken to minimize impacts and to compensate indigenous peoples for their losses. Appendix 1, 8.1.

● No specific description on the limitation of project impacts.

● In the draft Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), it is declared that to be financed, the sub-projects will need to be Category B or C under the JICA Guidelines 2010.

● Projects to be called Category B or C will not affect Sensitive Areas nationally-designated protected areas (areas for ethnic minorities or indigenous peoples designated by national governments) nor areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, or nomadic peoples with traditional ways of life, and other areas with special social value.

● No gap.


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1-3-1-4 Project Alternatives

In the initial phase of the Study, various projects were proposed for the grant project by Indonesia side and JICA side, including projects such as a new Palu 4 Bridge down stream of Palu I bridge, improvement of damaged existing bridges, and reconstructioning Palu 4 Bridge as a foot bridge.

After detailed discussion between both sides, both in Jakarta and Palu, the Reconstruction of Palu 4 Bridge for car and foot traffic were selected in 18 February 2019.

Then, four alternatives of the Project were developed as shown in the following table. Open discussion on-site with Mr. Arie (Chief of Task Force, PU), Chief of BPN of Palu City, and JICA Study Team on March 26, 2019, Alternative 1 was recommended mainly because of the least impact on standing structures (Table 1-3-29).

Further technical alternatives are studied in the outline design phase that continues till the end of April. After the outline design is agreed with all stakeholders, detailed design activity will take place between May and July 2019.

Table 1-3-29 Project Alternatives and Comparative Evaluation

Alternatives No Project Alternative -1 Alternative -2 Alternative -3

Outline Collapsed Palu 4 bridge will not be reconstruction.

The route of right bank side avoids the housing area.

The approach road except for access road of right bank side avoids the land slide area.

The route is planned along the ZRB according to the spatial planning.

Bridge Length * - approx. 260m approx. 260m approx. 260m Approach Road Length * 0m approx. 170m (Both

sides) approx. 170m (Both sides)

approx. 170m (Both sides)

Access Road Length*

Left bank 0m approx. 170m approx. 170m approx. 220m

Right bank 0m approx. 140m approx. 300m approx. 320m

Impact to housing * nil ( 0 ) nil ( 0 ) 3 housings 3 housings, 1 big facility

Existing (remaining) bridge portion No influence No influence No influence No influence

Recommendation

No land acquisition will be necessary. Heavy transportation vehicles, including dump trucks, chemical tankers and container trailers, that used the former Palu 4 Bridge to bypass the city, will keep using other bridges located in the city, by running through city roads.

Although the available land area is limited on the right bank, no impacts on standing structure or remaining bridge parts can be avoided.

There are impacted structures (residential structures and a futsal court) by the project.

The big facility (Police) is impacted by the project.

◎ Recommended


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Figure 1-3-8 Comparison of Alternatives of the Project

1-3-1-5 Scoping and Survey TOR

(1) Scoping

1) Project Components and Typically Expected Environmental and Social Impacts

Table 1-3-30 explains expected project components and activities, and typical direct impacts from them.

Table 1-3-30 Project Components and Typically Expected Environmenta and Social Impacts

Phase Project components and activities Typical impacts from project components and activities

Planning phase

Demarcation of work area

● Notification of the Project and restriction of land use

● Land acquisition ● Staking and construction

of border fence ● Lease contract of land

parcel(s) for stock yard, site office, etc.

● Decision of trees to be felled

● Notification of unavailability and relocation of existing land use and trespassing (vendor shack, utilities (electric poles, underground utilities, utilities attached to the existing bridge structure), road and foot path, foot path to the river, etc.)

● Notification of loss of private properties ● Temporary ban of use of the land parcel(s)

selected for stock yard, etc.

Construction Preparation phase Set up of stock

yard ● Set up of concrete yard ● Set up of asphalt plant ● Storage of oils and

chemicals ● Machine repair, re-fuelling

● Risk of oil and chemical spill (soil contamination)

● Generation of water demand for the concrete plant

● Storage of asphalt materials ● Concrete and asphalt may be procured from

the market ● Storage of other materials

and tools ● Risk of robbery (crime)

Alt-1

Alt-2

Alt-3

ZRB (Red Line)

ZRB (Red Line)

Land SlideLand Slide

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Phase Project components and activities Typical impacts from project components and activities

Set up of office ● Existence of engineers and office staff

● Water demand ● Generation of waste water ● Generation of sewer ● Generation of wastes

Set up of work area

● Existence of work crew ● Water demand ● Generation of waste water ● Generation of sewer ● Generation of wastes

Removal works (existing road, bridge, etc.)

● Removal of existing structures and vegetation

● Removal and relocation of utilities in ROW

● Generation of construction waste ● Generation of needs for alternate water sources

Set up of temporal structures Removal of temporal structures (Detour road, etc.)

● Slow speed at the detour road

● Removal of existing structures and vegetation

● Increased risk of local occurrence of traffic jam

● Increased risk of occurrence of traffic accidents

● Generation of construction waste

Earth works ● Procurement of fill material

● Alteration of land form (at quarry site)

● Generation of transportation vehicle (mainly to transport road bed and pavement material)

● Generation of exhaust gas(off-site) ● Generation of noise (off-site) ● Generation of traffic jam (off-site) ● Increased risk of accidents (off-site)

Earth works on river bed

● Partial closure of river way● Digging on river bed ● Construction of bridge

footage

● Change of river cross section ● Generation of muddy water in river bed ● Activities of heavy construction machines on

river bed Construction

general ● Operation of construction

machinery and vehicles ● Use of generators

● Emission of exhaust ● Emission of noise

● Disposal of construction wastes

● Disposal of construction wastes

● Generation of employment● Procurement of materials,

etc.

● Direct and indirect positive impact to local economy

Maintenance phase

Opening of bridge and new road sections Existence of upgraded road

● Improved traffic network in Palu, Central Sulawesi, that leads to less emission of exhaust gas and noise along existing arterial road

● Increased generation of exhaust gas ● Increased generation of noise ● Existence of major bridge in tidal area

The necessity of workers camp cannot be decided at this phase of the Study. Source: JICA Study Team

2) Scoping of Impacts

Based on the Project components and existing environmental and social conditions, scoping of potential impacts were studied and summarized in Table 1-3-31.

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Table 1-3-31 Scoping

Item Evaluation

Reason for evaluation BC/DC AC

1 Air quality

B- D DC: Temporary air pollution by equipment operation is expected.

AC: Passing traffic on the bridge will generate exhaust gas, but the air quality will not be significantly different from the condition with the original bridge. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

2 Water quality B- D DC: Temporary water pollution by works in the river area is expected. AC: No additional water pollution is expected.

3 Waste

B- D DC: Wastes will be generated such as debris of removed existing structures and bags and containers of materials and paints used for the works. AC: No additional waste generation is expected.

4 Soil contamination

B- D DC: In case fuel, oil, grease, and paints used for the works are spilled on the ground, soil contamination may occur at the work area. AC: No additional waste generation is expected.

5 Noise and vibrations

B- D DC: Temporary noise pollution and vibrations by equipment operation is expected. AC: Passing traffic on the bridge will generate noise and vibration, but the condition will not be significantly different from the condition with the original bridge. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

6 Ground subsidence

D D No significant negative impact is expected during and after the construction.

7 Offensive odor D D No significant negative impact is expected during and after the construction. 8 Bottom

Sediment D D No significant negative impact is expected during and after the construction.

Natural Environmet 9 Protected area D D The Project is not located in or near any protected areas. The structure to be built by

the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

10 Ecosystem C D During construction, there is a risk of temporary water pollution due to turbid water by construction works.. Ecosystem survey in the downstream area will be conducted.

11 Hydrology D D No significant negative impact is expected during and after the construction. 12 Topography and

geology D D No significant negative impact is expected during and after the construction.

Social Environment 13 Involuntary

resettlement B-/C

D DC: About 2 ha of land will be used for the Project. As of April 2019, no residential structures are located in the Project area and no resettlement will be caused by the Project. The approach road on the right bank is planned to pass between the roadside buildings and the original approach road. The roadside buildings, that will not be affected by the Project, look partially destructed and unused as of April 2019. Further, repeated site survey is necessary to clarify whether there are residents in those buildings. AC: No additional negative impact is expected.

14 Poverty C B+ DC: The land owners or the owners of the structures located on the Project area are affected by the tsunami and relocated. Further study is necessary to understand their recent socio-economic condition to understand the impact of the Project on poverty. AC: With the recovery of transportation axis along the coast, local economy in the coastal area is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake condition, that will give positive impacts to the livelihood of the poor group.

15 Ethnic minority and indigenous people

D D The Project is not located in or near any protected areas. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

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Item Evaluation


16 Local economy (Employment and livelihood)

B± B+ DC: Jobs will be generated for construction workers, service for such workers, and local procurement of construction materials and equipment. AC: With the recovery of transportation axis along the coast, local economy in the coastal area is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake condition

17 Land use and utilization of local resources

D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact on use of local resource is expected.

18 Water usage D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact on local water use is expected.

19 Existing social infrastructure and service

B- B+ DC: The approach road on the right bank is planned to pass between the roadside buildings and the original approach road. There is an unused futsal court among the buildings. Access to the facility may become difficult during the construction works. The new approach road will use existing road space. With the construction works on the road space, current traffic that run on the road and make left turn along the river need to use other route. Other utilities, such as electricity and water, that may be affected will be studied and the contacts for coordination will be found during the Detailed Design Phase. AC: The through traffic along the coast will be recovered. The other major roads in Palu will be relieved from heavy transportation vehicles, such as dump trucks and container trailers, and road safety condition along such roads, especially near schools and hospitals, will be improved.

20 Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions

D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact is expected.

21 Misdistribution of damage and benefit


22 Local conflict of interest


23 Cultural heritage D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact is expected.

24 Landscape D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact is expected.

25 Gender D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact is expected.

26 Children’s rights D D The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge. No significant negative impact is expected.

27 Infectious disease and HIV/AIDS

B- D DC: In case migrant workers are high risk group of HIV infection in Indonesia, and are used for the construction works, regional risk may become higher during the construction works. If stagnant water is left at the work areas or at the yard, and mosquitoes are bred there, the risk of infectious disease may become higher. AC: No additional risk for infectious disease is expected.

28 Occupational Health ( including work safety)

B- D DC: Work accidents may occur during the construction. AC: No additional work accident is expected.

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Item Evaluation


Other 29 Accident B- D DC: General public may be involved in accidents at or near the work areas or with

transportation vehicle. AC: The Project is not located in or near any protected areas. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge..

30 Cross-border impact, climate change


Evaluation: A-: Significant Negative Impact A+: Significant Positive Impact B-: Some Negative Impact B+: Some Positive Impact C: Impacts are not clear; need more investigation D: No Impact or Impacts are negligible; no further study required


(2) Survey TOR

In the scoping (Table 1-3-31), environmental items that may be negatively affected by the Project were chosen. With the results of Detailed Design, further survey, including site observation and data collection must be implemented to identify the area and significance of the impacts as shown in Table 1-3-32.

Table 1-3-32 Survey TOR

Item Objectives Methods Pullution 1 Air quality 1. Clarification of standards of air quality to be

applied 2. Understanding the normal condition of air quality

without the Project, pre-quake and post-quake condition

3. Understanding of generators, construction machineries, and transportation vehicles that will be used in the Construction.

4. Identification of vulnerable facilities against air pollution

1. Literature survey. Confirmation with Environmental Office of Palu City (DLH)

2. Literature survey and field observation 3. Hearing with engineers. 4. Field observation

2 Water quality

1. Clarification of standards of water quality to be applied

2. Understanding the normal condition of water quality without the Project, and the potential impact by muddy water from the Project

3. Understanding of construction methods to be used for the Project especially for the works in the river bed, including preventive measures of generating and/or releasing muddy water


2. Literature survey and field observation 3. Hearing with engineers

3 Waste 1. Listing of potential construction debris and wastes 2. Understanding standard measures handling wastes

listed above

1. Hearing with engineers 2. Discussion with IA.


1. Listing of potential toxic substances that may be used or stored by the Project

2. Preventive measures that are used in standard construction operated by IA

1. Hearing with engineers 2. Discussion with IA.

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Item Objectives Methods 5 Noise and

vibrations

1. Clarification of standards of noise and vibration to be applied

2. Measurement of distance between the Project Area and vulnerable facilities including residential area

3. Understanding of construction methods and heavy machineries to be used for the Project


2. Field observation 3. Hearing with engineers.

Narural Environment 10 Ecosystem

1. Ecosystem in downstream of the project area 1. Literature survey. Confirmation with

Environmental Office of Palu City (DLH), Field observation


resettlement 1. Size and location of land acquisition. 2. Number and current residential location of land

owners and other affected persons 3. Coordination with stakeholder agencies about the

process, timing, and pricing of land acquisition (Palu City, Provincial BPN, Provincial Bina Marga, SATGAS, Central Bina Marga, PU, Spatial Planning, Tsunami Dike Planning)

1. Overlay of Detailed Design with the land registration data stored by Provincial BPN in Palu

2. Results of IP4T survey by Provincial BPN in Palu (to be conducted) (IP4T identifies the land owner, the asset owner, land and assets to be compensated)

3. Comments in Stakeholder meeting 14 Poverty 1. Consideration of necessity of any additional

assistances for the PAPs because of their economic conditions.

1. Understanding of pre-quake condition and post-quake condition

2. Understanding the impacts of the land acquisition for the PAPs

3. Coordination with assistances for quake-affected people to improve their economic conditions when necessary


1. Understanding the demand and opinion of local people

2. Existence status of local economy in the site

1,2, Literature survey., SHM discussion if found necessary and suitable.

19 Existing social infrastructure and service

1. Location of Work Area boundary 2. Existence, character and number of residents and

users adjacent to the Work Area 3. Traffic plan during and after the Construction

(vulnerable facilities along the new detour route)

1, 2, 3. Discussion with engineers. On-site observation.


1. High risk group of HIV infection in Indonesia and Central Sulawesi Province

2. Agencies that provide awareness training in Central Sulawesi Province

3. Popular mosquito-related infectious diseases and available prevention training and materials

1, 2, 3. Information collection from UNAIDS, Central Sulawesi Province and Palu City

28 Occupational Health (including work safety)

1. Work safety plan 1. Collection of work safety plan approved by the same Implementation Agency

Other 29 Accident 1. Possibility of accidents during construction

(Location of work area, location of residents, draft plan for traffic restriction and detour, standard safety measures taken in Palu)

1. Study of detailed design and construction plan. On-site observation.


1-3-1-6 Survey Results (including Impact Prediction)

Based on the results of the field survey, the environmental impact is shown in Table 1-3-33 for the items classified as B- and C in the results of scoping of ESIA. This table will be updated after the field survey.

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Table 1-3-33 Survey Results (including Impact Prediction)

No Item Main Factors Affecting Environmental Impact and Estimated Potential Impact Pollution 1 Air Quality

The air quality information will be updated based on the field survey results. Passing traffic on the bridge will generate exhaust gas, but the air quality will not be significantly different from the condition with the original bridge.

2 Water Quality There is a risk of temporary induce erosion/siltation due to excavation during the rainy season at downstream of the project site.

3 Soil Contamination

Oil/fuel and waste spills from the construction area due to the repairing and maintenance works of equipment/vehicles on-site. It is necessary to prepare the well controlled management plan before construction by contractor.

4 Solid Waste Construction soil and construction waste will be generated due to the clearing of the existing site because the damaged facilities of existing bridge by the disaster still remined in site.

5 Noise and Vibration

The noise and vibration data will be updated based on the field survey results. However,

6 Ecosystem (1)Project site The new brideges will be constructed within the right of way. There is no natural fauna and fauna. (2) Downstream of the site There is a risk of temporary induce erosion/siltation due to excavation during the rainy season at downstream of the project site. There might be not sensitive biological area such as coral reef protection area. Field survey in the downstream area will be conducted to grasp the ecosystem.

7 Involuntary resettlement

About 2 ha of land will be used for the Project. As of April 2019, no residential structures are located in the Project area and no resettlement will be caused by the Project. The approach road on the right bank is planned to pass between the roadside buildings and the original approach road. The roadside buildings, that will not be affected by the Project, look partially destructed and unused as of April 2019. Further, repeated site survey is necessary to clarify whether there are residents in those buildings.

8 Poverty The land owners or the owners of the structures located on the Project area are affected by the tsunami and relocated. Further study is necessary to understand their recent socio-economic condition to understand the impact of the Project on poverty.


Jobs will be generated for construction workers, service for such workers, and local procurement of construction materials and equipment.

10 Existing Social Infrastructure and Services

(1) Traffic Congestion in the during the construction site There is a possibility of traffic accidents caused by vehicle for transportation of construction soil and construction material near the project area. However, the impact will not significant due to the project scale. (2) Recovery of the function of the existing bridge The vertical shaft will be constructed on the existing road. Due to the reconstruction, the through traffic along the coast will be recovered. The other major roads in Palu will be relieved from heavy transportation vehicles, such as dump trucks and container trailers, and road safety condition along such roads, especially near schools and hospitals, will be improved.

11 Sanitation, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDs

There is a possibility to increase the risks of infectious diseases due to the influx of construction workers into the project site under insanitary condition.

12 Working Conditions

Impacts on occupational health and safety are inevitable due to the construction/operation work. It is necessary to prepare the adequate mitigation measures.

13 Accidents There is a possibility of traffic accidents caused by vehicle for transportation of construction soil and construction material near the project area.


1-3-1-7 Impact Assessment

The tentative environmental evaluation results are shown in Table 1-3-34. This table will be updated after the field survey.

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Table 1-3-34 Environmental Evaluation (Tentative)

Item Scoping Evaluation

Reason for evaluation BC/ DC

AC

BC/ DC AC

Pollution 1 Air quality

B- D B- D DC: Temporary air pollution by equipment operation is expected.

AC: Passing traffic on the bridge will generate exhaust gas, but the air quality will not be significantly different from the condition with the original bridge. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

2 Water quality B- D B- D DC: Temporary water pollution by construction works in the downstream of Palu river area is expected. However, the impact is not significant due to construction work scale. AC: No additional water pollution is expected.

3 Waste

B- D B- D DC: Wastes will be generated such as debris of removed existing structures and bags and containers of materials and paints used for the works. The constractor should prepare adequate waste management plan and needs to thoroughly process based on it. AC: No additional waste generation is expected.


B- D B- D DC: In case fuel, oil, grease, and paints used for the works are spilled on the ground, soil contamination may occur at the work area. AC: No additional waste generation is expected.

5 Noise and vibrations

B- D B- D DC: Noise pollution and vibrations by construction equipment operation is expected. The impact is expected to be minor and temoporary due to the project site location. AC: Passing traffic on the bridge will generate noise and vibration, but the condition will not be significantly different from the condition with the original bridge. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge.

6 Ground subsidence

D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.

7 Offensive odor


8 Bottom Sediment


Natural Environmet 9 Protected

area D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.

10 Ecosystem C D B- N/A DC: During construction, there is a risk of temporary water pollution due to turbid water by construction works. The water pollution has the possibility to give an impact on the ecosystem of the downstream area of the construction site temporality. AC: No additional impact is expected.

11 Hydrology D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item. 12 Topography

and geology D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.


resettlement B-/C

D C N/A DC: About 2 ha of land will be used for the Project. As of April 2019, no residential structures are located in the Project area and no resettlement will be caused by the Project. The approach road on the right bank is planned to pass between the roadside buildings and the original approach road. The roadside buildings, that will not be affected by the Project, look partially destructed and unused as of April 2019. Further, repeated site survey is necessary to clarify whether there are residents in those buildings. AC: No additional negative impact is expected.

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AC

BC/ DC AC

14 Poverty C B+ C B+ DC: The land owners or the owners of the structures located on the Project area are affected by the tsunami and relocated. Further study is necessary to understand their recent socio-economic condition to understand the impact of the Project on poverty. AC: With the recovery of transportation axis along the coast, local economy in the coastal area is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake condition, that will give positive impacts to the livelihood of the poor group.

15 Ethnic minority and indigenous people



B± B± B± B+ DC: Jobs will be generated for construction workers, service for such workers, and local procurement of construction materials and equipment. AC: With the recovery of transportation axis along the coast, local economy in the coastal area is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake condition

17 Land use and utilization of local resources


18 Water usage D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item. 19 Existing

social infrastructure and service

B- B+ B- B+ DC: The approach road on the right bank is planned to pass between the roadside buildings and the original approach road. There is an unused futsal court among the buildings. Access to the facility may become difficult during the construction works. The new approach road will use existing road space. With the construction works on the road space, current traffic that run on the road and make left turn along the river need to use other route. Other utilities, such as electricity and water, that may be affected will be studied and the contacts for coordination will be found during the Detailed Design Phase. AC: The through traffic along the coast will be recovered. The other major roads in Palu will be relieved from heavy transportation vehicles, such as dump trucks and container trailers, and road safety condition along such roads, especially near schools and hospitals, will be improved.

20 Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions


21 Misdistribution of damage and benefit


22 Local conflict of interest


23 Cultural heritage


24 Landscape D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item. 25 Gender D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item. 26 Children’s

rights D D N/A N/A There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.

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AC

BC/ DC AC


B- D B- N/A DC: In case migrant workers are high risk group of HIV infection in Indonesia, and are used for the construction works, regional risk may become higher during the construction works. If stagnant water is left at the work areas or at the yard, and mosquitoes are bred there, the risk of infectious disease may become higher. AC: No additional risk for infectious disease is expected.

28 Occupational Health ( including work safety)

B- D B- N/A DC: Work accidents may occur during the construction. AC: There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.

Other 29 Accident B- D B- N/

A DC: General public may be involved in accidents at or near the work areas or with transportation vehicle. AC: The Project is not located in or near any protected areas. The structure to be built by the Project is a reconstruction of the original bridge damaged by the earthquake at the upstream-side of the original bridge..

30 Cross-border impact, climate change

D D N/A N/A

There is no factor to cause negative impect by the project on the item.

Evaluation: A-: Significant Negative Impact A+: Significant Positive Impact B-: Some Negative Impact B+: Some Positive Impact C: Impacts are not clear; need more investigation D: No Impact or Impacts are negligible; no further study required

1-3-1-8 Mitigation Plan and Necessary Budget

Mitigation plan, necessary budget, and institutional coordination will be studied, discussed with stakeholders, and described after the assessment of the impacts.

1-3-1-9 Monitoring Plan and Budget

Monitoring plan, necessary budget, and institutional coordination will be studied, discussed with stakeholders, and described after the assessment of the impacts.

1-3-1-10 Stakeholder Consultation

This project is requested for the UKL-UPL procedure. Under Indonesia's laws and regulations, stakeholder consultations do not require to the project. Therefore, it is assumed that the stakeholder consultation in the JICA guidelines will be conducted as follows.

(1) Stakeholder Meeting with Related Organizations

The table below shows a list of stakeholder meeting that have been conducted on the grant aid projects so far. The target persons who have discussed are administrative staff such as countries, states and cities.

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Table 1-3-35 Stakeholder meetings for JICA on Grant Aid project

Year Month Day JICA Mission Team National State City Topics

2019 1 9 X X

SATGAS (Mr. Arie)

Bina Marga

* Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge

18 X SATGAS Bina Marga * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge

21 X X * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge 27 X X * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge 25 X ATR * Spatial Plan 30 X X * Project Schedule 2 1 X X Bina Marga * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge 4 X Ministry of

Environment * AMDAL, UKL UPL * Spatial Plan and SEA

7 X X X * JCC No.1 7 X Bina Marga Balai * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge

11 X X X X X

* Seminar on Accelerating Recovery and Reconstruction in Central Sulawesi ~ Experience Sharing between Indonesia and Japan ~

18 X X X X X * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge 22 X X Bina Marga * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge 3 4 X X * Project schedule 11 X X Bina Marga T/N * About the starting timing of

Outline Design 13 X Balai * Land acquisition implementation 15 X X Bina Marga * Project schedule 18 Bina Marga T/N * Contents of Technical Note 24 X SATGAS * Alternatives of Palu 4 Bridge

26 X SATGAS Balai * Site inspection * Selection of recommended alternative

4 2 X X (Palu TF) Mayor, Balai

* Land acquisition


(2) Stakeholder Meeting with Public

Stakeholder meeting will be held in the following programs for residents in the project area in late June 2019.

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Table 1-3-36 Contents of the planned stakeholder Meeting (Tentative)

Item Main Factors Affecting Environmental Impact and Estimated Potential Impact Purpose - The purpose of this meeting is to explain the project activities including environmental and social

important impact to local community and to collect their opinion, which should be reflected into the project adequately.

- This meeting is conducted in line with JICA guidelines for environmental and social considerations. - Indonesia regulation require to conduct the public meeting for AMDAL project, no-need for

UKL-UPL project. Palu IV bridge is categorized into UKL-UPL project in limerence to MoE Regulation No.5/2012

Date - 26 June, 2019 (BPJN and head of Palu Barat District prefer 26 June, 2019) - At 10 am

Venue of SHM - Palu Barat District office at Jalan WR. Supratman No 2 (room capacity > 50 persons) To be invited persons

(1) Local community - Village leaders (head of Besusu Barat Village, head of Lere Village) - District leaders (head of Palu Timur District and head of Palu Barat District) - Representative land owners (left-bank and right bank) (approximately 10-15 persons) - Residence along the bridge (left-bank and right bank) (approximately 10-15 persons) (2) Local government (will be decided after 18 June, 2019) - P2JN Kota Palu (Pengawasan Jalan Nasional) - Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Palu (Departmen of Public Work Palu City) - Bappeda Palu


1-3-2 Land Acquisition, Relocation and Resettlement

1-3-2-1 Necessity of Land Acquisition and Relocation, Resettlement

The Project aims to ‘reconstruct of Palu 4 Bridge in Central Sulawesi Province’ located south of the original Palu 4 Bridge at the mouth of Palu River. Land acquisition is necessary Since new access road of about 250 m long and about 20 m wide, including shoulders, will be necessary on the right (east) and left (west) side of the 260 m bridge.

The site photograph taken on March 26, 2019 is shown in the Figure 1-3-9.

No relocation of residents is expected by the land acquisition since the land is either road area (right bank) or vacant land after the impact of tsunami. Relocation of temporal stall(s) may be necessary on the right bank. Voluntary removal or relocation may be possible with appropriate discussion and negotiation between Palu City and the shop owner.

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Existing condition on Left Bank Existing condition on Right Bank

Looking toward planned bridge from remaining Jalan Cumi Cumi. Planned road will divert left-side from the point in front of the remaining house on the right.

The existing road seen on the left in the photo will be extended straight, between the remaining original approach slope and the building on the left, to approach the planned bridge.

The approach road is planned right-side of the standing building and the reconstruction bridge will land left side of the woods in the center on the right bank (pointed by the arrow)

New approach road is planned between the original on the right and the remaining futsal court on the left

Original approach road(s) are shown by the arrows. The planned road and bridge will pass the right-side of the original route

The stall set up using the public bench and shade. Existing road in the center will be used for the planned approach road

Source: JICA Study Team, March 26, 2019

Figure 1-3-9 Site Condition

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1-3-2-2 Legal Framework of Land Acquisition and Relocation, Resettlement

(1) Legal Framework of Indonesia

Legal Framework of Indonesia on Land Acquisition for Public Interest is summarised in Table 1-3-37. The Law No. 2 of 2012 stipulates that land acquisition shall be carried out by National Land Agency (BPN) involving all entitled holders and concerned stakeholders. The law states to compensate for not only physical loss but also no-physical loss such as income loss and restriction or limitation to access to natural resources.

Presidential Regulation No. 71 on Land Acquisition and its amendments, and Regulation of the Head of BPN RI No. 5 of 2012 on Technical Guidelines on the Implementation of the Land Acquisition are also to be applied.

The required land for the Project is about 20,320 m2. For land acquisition smaller than 5 ha, the Implementing Agency (IA) is allowed to negotiate directly with the affected land owner(s) according to the Presidential Decree No. 40, 2014.

The JICA Mission Team will need to consult with the Balai Bina Marga Palu (expected IA), BPN Palu and other related agencies about the steps of land acquisition for the Project to secure that the steps will be in harmony with the requirements of the JICA Guidelines. (Table 1-3-38)

Table 1-3-37 Legal Framework of Indonesia on Land Acquisition for Public Interest

Land Law 1960 Defines various rights on the land, including legal rights and customary rights Sovereign ownership resides with national government

Land Acquisition Law 2012 Law No. 2 of 2012

Defines about land acquisition for public interest. Chapter I General Chapter II Objectives Chapter III Fundamentals Chapter IV Performance of acquisition of land

(Survey, Consultation, Compensation, Monitoring) Chapter V Sources of fund for acquisition of land Chapter VI Rights, obligations, and public participation Chapter VII Transitional provisions Chapter VIII Concluding provisions

Presidential Decree No. 71, 2012 Defines details about land acquisition for public interest. Chapter I General Chapter II Land procurement planning Chapter III Land procurement preparation Chapter IV Land procurement implementation Chapter V Transfer of result of land procurement Chapter VI Monitoring and evaluation Chapter VII Fund sources of land procurement Chapter VIII Small scale land procurement Chapter IX Taxation incentive Chapter X Transfer provisions Chapter XI Closing provisions

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Presidential Decree No. 40, 2014 Presidential Decree No. 71 Year 2012, Article 121 is amended as follows: In order to efficiency and effectiveness, land procurement for the Public Interest that the extent of not more than 5 (five) hectare, can be done directly by the agency requiring the land with the holders of land rights, by buying and selling of sale or exchange or any other way agreed by both parties.


Table 1-3-38 Steps of Land Acquisition Following the Law No. 2, 2012 Phase Responsible Body L Action (necessary days in the law) Law

Planning phase

Institution who needs the land

1. Feasibility Study and planning document that include conformity with spatial plan and environmental and social impacts

Art. 14, 15

2. Request for land acquisition permit Preparation phase

By the Governor, can be delegated to Mayor

3. Notification of the Development Plan to community (20 days)

Art. 17

4. Forming preparation team (10 days) (Consisted of Governor, Related Mayor, Related provincial agencies, Agency who needs the land, Other related agencies)

Presidential Decree No. 71, 2012

5. Preliminary data collection (= early inventory of PAP and asset) (IP4T study) (30 days)

Art. 18

6. Public consultation to agree on project location (60 days) Art. 19 7. Collected data, the development plan, and compensation

calculation method the appraiser may apply will be explained.

Art. 19

8 If objection is raised, second consultation will be held inviting those who objected.

Art. 20

Governor 9. Location permit (14 days) Art. 19 (6) 10. Location announcement to public (17 days) Art. 26 Execution Institution who needs the

land 11. Submit the Land Acquisition Implementation Request to

the Land Administrator (Lembaga Pertanahan, BPN) Art. 27

By Head of BPN 12. Final inventory & identification of PAPs (30 days) and announcement (14 days)

Art. 28, 29

13. When objection is raised, another verification and improvement shall be made.

14. BPN confirms on the ground on which the Entitled Parties to Compensation are determined.

Art. 30

15. Stipulation of Appraiser (30 days) and Valuation (30 days)

Art. 31 - 36

16. Final negotiation with PAPs on type and amount of compensation (30 days)

Art. 37

17. Objection may be filed with the local district court regarding the amount of compensation.

Art. 38

18. Compensation payment and land title release (7 days) Art. 40, 41 19. Monitoring and evaluation of the performance of

Acquisition of Land is made by the Government Art. 51

20. Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the handover of the Acquisition of Land is made by the Land Administrator

Art. 51

Land delivery

From Head of Land Acquisition to the Institution who needs the land

21. Land delivery (7 days) Art. 48 22. Agency needing land may begin to perform the

construction activities upon the handover of the results of the Acquisition of land

23. Land Certification and Registration (30 days) Art. 50


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(2) GAP Analysis

If a subproject requires land acquisition and resettlement, LARAP will be prepared based on ESMF for the entire sector loan, and monitoring on LARAP will be done.A gap between JICA Guidelines and laws in Indonesia is summarized in Table 1-3-39.

Since the required land for the Project is smaller than 5 ha, the process of acquisition in the mind of Implementing Agency (IA) and other stake holder agencies are not clear as of April 2019.

The JICA Mission Team need to consult with the Balai Bina Marga Palu (expected IA), BPN Palu and other related agencies about the steps of land acquisition for the Project to secure that the steps will be in harmony with the requirements of the JICA Guidelines.

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Tabl

e 1-

3-39

G

aps

betw

een

JIC

A G

uide

line

and

Law

s in

Indo

nesi

a

JICA

Gui

delin

es,

WB

OPs

La

w N

o.2

of 2

012

and

rela

ted

Pres

iden

tial D

ecre

es

Gap

Br

idgi

ng M

easu

res t

o be

take

n in

th

e Pr

ojec

t 1

Invo

lunt

ary

rese

ttlem

ent a

nd lo

ss

of m

eans

of

livel

ihoo

d ar

e to

be

avoi

ded

whe

n fe

asib

le

by

expl

orin

g al

l via

ble

alte

rnat

ives

.

In

the

Land

A

cqui

sitio

n Pl

an

and

atta

ched

Fe

asib

ility

St

udy,

en

viro

nmen

tal

impa

cts

and

soci

al i

mpa

cts

will

be

incl

uded

. (A

rticl

e 14

, 15

) A

bove

is n

ot m

anda

ted

for l

and

acqu

isitio

n sm

alle

r tha

n 5

ha.

Expl

orat

ion

of

alte

rnat

ive

and

effo

rt of

avo

idan

ce o

f im

pact

s are

not

man

date

d.

Expl

orat

ion

of a

ltern

ativ

e an

d ef

fort

of a

void

ance

of

impa

cts

will

be

expl

aine

d in

th

e Pu

blic

Co

nsul

tatio

ns a

nd w

ill b

e re

cord

ed

in th

e Re

port.

2

Whe

n po

pula

tion

disp

lace

men

t is

unav

oida

ble,

effe

ctiv

e m

easu

res

to

min

imiz

e im

pact

an

d to

co

mpe

nsat

e fo

r lo

sses

sho

uld

be

take

n.

In

the

Land

A

cqui

sitio

n Pl

an

and

atta

ched

Fe

asib

ility

St

udy,

en

viro

nmen

tal

impa

cts

and

soci

al i

mpa

cts

will

be

incl

uded

. (A

rticl

e 14

, 15

) Pr

elim

inar

y da

ta

colle

ctio

n w

ill

iden

tify

the

size

and

loca

tion

of

popu

latio

n di

spla

cem

ent.

(A

rticl

e 16

) A

bove

is n

ot m

anda

ted

for l

and

acqu

isitio

n sm

alle

r tha

n 5

ha.

Min

imiz

ing

the

popu

latio

n di

spla

cem

ent

is no

t m

anda

ted.

Min

imiz

ing

mea

sure

s of

th

e im

pact

s on

exi

sting

stru

ctur

es w

ill

be

expl

aine

d in

th

e Pu

blic

Co

nsul

tatio

ns a

nd w

ill b

e re

cord

ed

in th

e Re

port.

3 Pe

ople

w

ho

mus

t be

re

settl

ed

invo

lunt

arily

and

peo

ple

who

se

mea

ns

of

livel

ihoo

d w

ill

be

hind

ered

or

lo

st m

ust

be

suffi

cien

tly

com

pens

ated

an

d su

ppor

ted,

so

th

at

they

ca

n im

prov

e or

at

leas

t re

store

the

ir sta

ndar

d of

liv

ing,

in

com

e op

portu

nitie

s an

d pr

oduc

tion

leve

ls to

pre

- pro

ject

leve

ls.

“Com

pens

atio

n” m

eans

any

rea

sona

ble

and

fair

rew

ard

give

n to

the

en

title

d pa

rty in

exc

hang

e fo

r acq

uisit

ion

of la

nd. (

Arti

cle

1, N

o. 1

0)

Acq

uisit

ion

of L

and

in th

e Pu

blic

Int

eres

t sha

ll be

per

form

ed b

y gi

ving

re

ason

able

and

fair

Com

pens

atio

n. (A

rticl

e 9

(2))

App

raisa

l of t

he a

mou

nt o

f Com

pens

atio

n by

the

App

raise

r sha

ll be

mad

e on

a p

arce

l-by-

parc

el b

asis,

incl

udin

g:

a.la

nd;

b.ov

er g

roun

d an

d un

derg

roun

d sp

ace;

c.bu

ildin

gs;

d.pl

ants;

e.ob

ject

s rel

ated

to la

nd; a

nd/o

rf.

othe

r app

raisa

ble

loss

.“O

ther

app

raisa

ble

loss

” m

eans

non

phys

ical

los

s eq

uiva

lent

to

mon

ey

valu

e, fo

r exa

mpl

e, lo

ss d

ue to

loss

of b

usin

ess

or jo

b, c

ost o

f cha

nge

of

loca

tion,

cos

t of c

hang

e of

pro

fess

ion,

and

loss

of v

alue

of t

he re

mai

ning

pr

oper

ty. (

Arti

cle

33)

Abo

ve is

not

man

date

d fo

r lan

d ac

quisi

tion

smal

ler t

han

5 ha

.

The

law

doe

s no

t m

entio

n ab

out

that

the

PA

Ps m

ust

be a

ble

to i

mpr

ove

or a

t le

ast

resto

re t

heir

stand

ard

of

livin

g,

inco

me

oppo

rtuni

ties

and

prod

uctio

n le

vels

to

pre-

pr

ojec

t lev

els.

As

of A

pril

2019

, th

e Pr

ojec

t is

cons

ider

ed

not

to

gene

rate

in

volu

ntar

y re

settl

emen

t no

r hi

nder

ing

livel

ihoo

d.

Reas

onab

le a

nd f

air

mea

sure

s w

ill

be d

iscus

sed

with

IA

base

d on

the

re

sults

of

th

e Ce

nsus

an

d th

e So

cio-

Econ

omic

Sur

vey.

4 Co

mpe

nsat

ion

mus

t be

bas

ed o

n th

e fu

ll re

plac

emen

t cos

t as

muc

h as

pos

sible

.

Com

pens

atio

n w

ill

be

prov

ided

ba

sed

on

valu

atio

n of

ind

epen

dent

ap

prai

ser f

or a

par

cel b

y pa

rcel

of l

and

that

incl

ude

i) la

nd; i

i) ov

er g

roun

d an

d un

derg

roun

d sp

aces

; iii)

bui

ldin

g; iv

) pla

nts;

v) o

bjec

ts re

late

d to

land

an

d/or

; vi

) ot

her

appr

aisa

ble

loss

suc

h lo

ss o

f bu

sines

s, jo

bs, c

hang

e of

pr

ofes

sion,

and

mov

ing

costs

. (A

rticl

e 33

) Fo

r affe

cted

bui

ldin

gs, M

APP

I app

lies s

olat

ium

(em

otio

nal c

ompe

nsat

ion)

of

10%

- 30

% o

f the

tota

l com

pens

atio

n fo

r phy

sical

loss

. A

bove

is n

ot m

anda

ted

for l

and

acqu

isitio

n sm

alle

r tha

n 5

ha.

The

law

is

silen

t on

the

iss

ue

of

whe

ther

or

no

t de

prec

iatio

n w

ill b

e ap

plie

d w

hen

calc

ulat

ing

com

pens

atio

n fo

r af

fect

ed

land

an

d la

nd-a

ttach

ed

asse

ts.

The

prin

cipl

e of

ful

l re

plac

emen

t co

st w

ill b

e ap

plie

d.

Valu

atio

n sta

ndar

d se

t by

In

depe

nden

t ap

prai

sers

ass

ocia

tion

(MA

PPI)

indi

cate

s in

prin

cipl

es, n

o de

prec

iatio

n w

ill a

pply

for

affe

cted

str

uctu

res.


1-65II-3-7-93

JICA

Gui

delin

es,

WB

OPs

La

w N

o.2

of 2

012

and

rela

ted

Pres

iden

tial D

ecre

es

Gap

Br

idgi

ng M

easu

res t

o be

take

n in

th

e Pr

ojec

t Ta

x in

cent

ive

is pr

ovid

ed

to: a

) pe

rson

who

sup

ports

th

e pr

ojec

t; b)

doe

s no

t file

a

com

plai

nt

rela

ted

to

proj

ect

loca

tion

dete

rmin

atio

n an

d/or

co

mpe

nsat

ion.

Capi

tal

gain

s ta

x an

d th

e co

sts o

f tra

nsfe

rring

ow

ners

hip,

in

clud

ing

the

cost

of n

ew l

and

certi

ficat

es,

will

no

t be

de

duct

ed

from

th

e co

mpe

nsat

ion

of

thos

e w

ho

will

lo

se la

nds.

5 Co

mpe

nsat

ion

and

othe

r kin

ds o

f as

sista

nce

mus

t be

prov

ided

prio

r to

disp

lace

men

t.

Whe

n Co

mpe

nsat

ion

and

Rele

ase

of T

itles

hav

e be

en m

ade,

or

the

Com

pens

atio

n gi

ven

has

been

dep

osite

d w

ith th

e di

stric

t cou

rt, s

uch

land

sh

all b

e in

the

dire

ct p

osse

ssio

n of

the

state

. (A

rticl

e 43

) A

bove

is n

ot m

anda

ted

for l

and

acqu

isitio

n sm

alle

r tha

n 5

ha.

The

Law

is s

ilent

abo

ut th

e tim

ing

of d

ispla

cem

ent.

As

of A

pril

2019

, th

e Pr

ojec

t is

cons

ider

ed

not

to

gene

rate

in

volu

ntar

y re

settl

emen

t. Co

mpe

nsat

ion

and

othe

r ki

nds

of

assis

tanc

e w

ill b

e pr

ovid

ed p

rior

to

disp

lace

men

t if a

ny d

ispla

cem

ent i

s fo

und

nece

ssar

y af

ter

the

Det

aile

d D

esig

n.

6 Fo

r pr

ojec

ts th

at

enta

il la

rge-

sc

ale

invo

lunt

ary

rese

ttlem

ent,

rese

ttlem

ent a

ctio

n pl

ans

mus

t be

prep

ared

and

mad

e av

aila

ble

to

the

publ

ic.

In

the

Land

A

cqui

sitio

n Pl

an

and

atta

ched

Fe

asib

ility

St

udy,

en

viro

nmen

tal

impa

cts

and

soci

al i

mpa

cts

will

be

incl

uded

. (A

rticl

e 14

, 15

) Pr

elim

inar

y da

ta

colle

ctio

n w

ill

iden

tify

the

size

and

loca

tion

of

popu

latio

n di

spla

cem

ent.

(A

rticl

e 16

) A

bove

is n

ot m

anda

ted

for l

and

acqu

isitio

n sm

alle

r tha

n 5

ha.

The

Law

doe

s no

t req

uire

a

rese

ttlem

ent

actio

n pl

an

mad

e av

aila

ble

to

the

publ

ic.

As

of A

pril

2019

, th

e Pr

ojec

t is

cons

ider

ed

not

to

gene

rate

in

volu

ntar

y re

settl

emen

t. A

bbre

viat

ed R

AP

will

be

prep

ared

fo

llow

ing

the

JICA

G

uide

lines

be

caus

e th

e Pr

ojec

t w

ill

requ

ire

land

acq

uisit

ion.

7

In p

repa

ring

a re

settl

emen

t act

ion

plan

, co

nsul

tatio

ns m

ust

be h

eld

with

the

affe

cted

peo

ple

and

thei

r co

mm

uniti

es b

ased

on

suffi

cien

t in

form

atio

n m

ade

avai

labl

e to

th

em in

adv

ance

.

The

law

def

ines

thr

ee o

ppor

tuni

ties

of c

onsu

ltatio

ns, e

ither

in

publ

ic o

r pr

ivat

e:

1.

Not

ifica

tion

of th

e D

evel

opm

ent P

lan

to c

omm

unity

Met

hod

may

be

soci

aliz

atio

n (p

ublic

mee

ting)

, fac

e to

face

(in

pers

on),

or n

otifi

catio

nle

tter.

(Pre

s. D

ecre

e N

o. 7

1, 2

012

Art.

12)

2.Pu

blic

con

sulta

tion

to a

gree

on

proj

ect l

ocat

ion.

Res

ults

of In

vent

ory,

the

deve

lopm

ent

plan

, an

d co

mpe

nsat

ion

calc

ulat

ion

met

hod

the

appr

aise

r may

app

ly w

ill b

e ex

plai

ned.

3.Fi

nal

nego

tiatio

n w

ith P

APs

(in

priv

ate)

on

type

and

am

ount

of

com

pens

atio

n

The

Gov

erno

r app

rove

s th

e lo

catio

n of

th

e Pr

ojec

t be

fore

the

firs

t ch

ance

of

cons

ulta

tion,

and

bef

ore

the

inve

ntor

y su

rvey

.

As

of

Apr

il 20

19,

the

publ

ic

cons

ulta

tion

with

gen

eral

pub

lic o

n th

e Sp

atia

l Pla

n is

plan

ned

in Ju

ne.

JICA

Miss

ion

Team

will

pro

pose

th

e IA

to h

old

a pu

blic

con

sulta

tion

mee

ting

afte

r th

e co

nsul

tatio

n on

th

e Sp

atia

l Pla

n in

Jun

e an

d be

fore

th

e co

mm

ence

men

t of

the

offi

cial

su

rvey

of t

he P

APs

8 W

hen

cons

ulta

tions

ar

e he

ld,

expl

anat

ions

mus

t be

giv

en i

n a

form

, man

ner,

and

lang

uage

tha

t ar

e un

ders

tand

able

to th

e af

fect

ed

peop

le.

“Pub

lic C

onsu

ltatio

n” m

eans

any

com

mun

icat

ion

proc

ess

by a

dia

logu

e an

d co

nsul

tatio

n am

ong

parti

es in

int

eres

t to

ach

ieve

und

ersta

ndin

g an

d ag

reem

ent i

n th

e pl

anni

ng o

f ac

quisi

tion

of la

nd f

or d

evel

opm

ent i

n th

e pu

blic

inte

rest.

(Arti

cle

1, N

o. 8

) In

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f Acq

uisit

ion

of L

and,

the

Entit

led

Parti

es s

hall

have

th

e rig

hts t

o:

No

clea

r gu

idan

ce

abou

t th

e fo

rm,

man

ner,

and

lang

uage

in

th

e co

nsul

tatio

ns.

The

Publ

ic C

onsu

ltatio

ns w

ill b

e or

gani

zed

by th

e IA

and

the

proj

ect

expl

anat

ion

will

be

give

n in

Bah

asa

Indo

nesia

ora

lly a

nd in

slid

es a

nd in

ha

ndou

ts.


1-66II-3-7-94

JICA

Gui

delin

es,

WB

OPs

La

w N

o.2

of 2

012

and

rela

ted

Pres

iden

tial D

ecre

es

Gap

Br

idgi

ng M

easu

res t

o be

take

n in

th

e Pr

ojec

t 9

App

ropr

iate

pa

rtici

patio

n of

af

fect

ed p

eopl

e m

ust b

e pr

omot

ed

in t

he p

lann

ing,

im

plem

enta

tion,

an

d m

onito

ring

of r

eset

tlem

ent

actio

n pl

ans.

a.ha

ve k

now

ledg

e of

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f the

Acq

uisit

ion

of L

and;

and

b.re

ceiv

e in

form

atio

n ab

out t

he A

cqui

sitio

n of

Lan

d. (A

rticl

e 55

)In

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f Acq

uisit

ion

of L

and

in th

e Pu

blic

Inte

rest,

the

publ

ic

may

par

ticip

ate

to, i

nter

alia

: a.

prov

ide

inpu

ts ei

ther

in w

ritin

g or

ora

lly o

f the

Acq

uisit

ion

of L

and;

and

b.su

ppor

t the

per

form

ance

of A

cqui

sitio

n of

Lan

d. (A

rticl

e 57

)

No

clea

r gu

idan

ce

abou

t pr

omot

ion

of p

artic

ipat

ion

in

the

plan

ning

, im

plem

enta

tion

and

mon

itorin

g of

la

nd

acqu

isitio

n.

Nec

essit

y of

use

of

Kai

li la

ngua

ge

will

be

aske

d du

ring

the

Cens

us.

JICA

Miss

ion

Team

will

disc

uss

and

prop

ose

to I

A ab

out

invo

lvin

g th

e re

pres

enta

tive(

s)

of

PAPs

in

im

plem

enta

tion

and

mon

itorin

g of

la

nd a

cqui

sitio

n.

10

App

ropr

iate

an

d ac

cess

ible

gr

ieva

nce

mec

hani

sms

mus

t be

es

tabl

ished

fo

r th

e af

fect

ed

peop

le a

nd th

eir c

omm

uniti

es.

Ther

e ar

e th

ree

timin

gs o

f rai

sing

obje

ctio

ns.

1.If

with

in a

sixt

y (6

0) w

orki

ng d

ay p

erio

d of

the

Publ

ic C

onsu

ltatio

n on

a de

velo

pmen

t pla

n th

ere

is a

party

obj

ectin

g to

the

plan

ned

loca

tion

of d

evel

opm

ent,

a(no

ther

) Pu

blic

Con

sulta

tion

shal

l be

rep

eate

d by

enga

gem

ent o

f the

obj

ectin

g pa

rty w

ithin

thirt

y (3

0) w

orki

ng d

ays.

A pa

rty o

bjec

ting

to t

he p

lann

ed l

ocat

ion

of d

evel

opm

ent

shal

lpr

esen

t his/

her

obje

ctio

ns in

writ

ing

alon

g w

ith th

e re

ason

s th

eref

or.

(Arti

cle

20)

If in

the

repe

ated

Pub

lic C

onsu

ltatio

n th

ere

are

still

parti

es o

bjec

ting

to t

he p

lann

ed l

ocat

ion

of d

evel

opm

ent,

the

Age

ncy

need

ing

land

shal

l rep

ort s

uch

an o

bjec

tion

to th

e lo

cal g

over

nor.

The

gove

rnor

sha

ll fo

rm a

team

to m

ake

a stu

dy o

f the

obj

ectio

ns to

the

plan

ned

loca

tion

of d

evel

opm

ent.

(Arti

cle

21)

2.W

here

the

Entit

led

Party

doe

s no

t rec

eive

the

resu

lts o

f the

inve

ntor

yas

inte

nded

, he/

she

may

file

an

obje

ctio

n w

ith th

e La

nd A

dmin

istra

tor

with

in fo

urte

en (1

4) w

orki

ng d

ays

of th

e an

noun

cem

ent o

f the

resu

ltsof

the

inve

ntor

y.W

here

ther

e is

an o

bjec

tion

to th

e re

sults

of t

he in

vent

ory,

ver

ifica

tion

and

impr

ovem

ent t

here

of s

hall

be m

ade

with

in fo

urte

en (1

4) w

orki

ngda

ys o

f th

e re

ceip

t of

the

filin

g of

an

obje

ctio

n to

the

resu

lts o

f th

ein

vent

ory.

(Arti

cle

29)

3.W

here

th

ere

is ag

reem

ent

on

the

form

an

d/or

th

e am

ount

of

Com

pens

atio

n, T

he E

ntitl

ed P

artie

s m

ay f

ile a

n ob

ject

ion

with

the

loca

l di

stric

t co

urt

with

in

four

teen

(1

4)

wor

king

da

ys

of

the

nego

tiatio

n on

det

erm

inat

ion

of C

ompe

nsat

ion.

The

distr

ict

cour

t sh

all

deci

de t

he f

orm

and

/or

the

amou

nt o

fCo

mpe

nsat

ion

with

in th

irty

(30)

wor

king

day

s of

the

rece

ipt o

f th

efil

ing

of o

bjec

tion.

(Arti

cle

38)

Tim

ing

and

met

hod

of

filin

g gr

ieva

nce

are

clea

rly

state

d.

Thos

e w

ho

are

not

the

owne

r of l

and

or a

sset

to b

e af

fect

ed

can

not

file

grie

vanc

e in

th

e la

tter

2 tim

ings

.

JICA

Miss

ion

Team

will

stro

ngly

pr

opos

e IA

to

op

en

a co

ntac

t w

indo

w (

tele

phon

e, e

mai

l, SN

S) to

re

ceiv

e an

d re

cord

op

inio

ns

and

com

plai

nts a

bout

the

Proj

ect.

11

Affe

cted

pe

ople

ar

e to

be

id

entif

ied

and

reco

rded

as

early

as

pos

sible

in

orde

r to

esta

blish

th

eir

elig

ibili

ty th

roug

h an

initi

al

(1)

Inve

ntor

y an

d id

entif

icat

ion

of

poss

essio

n,

owne

rshi

p,

use,

an

d ut

iliza

tion

of la

nd sh

all i

nclu

de:

a.su

rvey

ing

and

map

ping

on

a pa

rcel

-by-

parc

el b

asis;

and

b.ga

ther

ing

data

on

the

Entit

led

Parti

es a

nd th

e O

bjec

ts of

the

Acq

uire

d

Alth

ough

the

term

‘Cu

t-off

date

’ is

not

used

, th

e in

vent

ory

mus

t be

finish

ed

with

in

30

wor

king

da

ys

The

offic

ial

surv

ey

of

the

land

, as

set

and

owne

rshi

p w

ill s

et t

he

Cut-o

ff da

te.

(Eith

er t

he s

tart

date

or

the

end

dat

e w

ill b

e di

scus

sed


1-67II-3-7-95

JICA

Gui

delin

es,

WB

OPs

La

w N

o.2

of 2

012

and

rela

ted

Pres

iden

tial D

ecre

es

Gap

Br

idgi

ng M

easu

res t

o be

take

n in

th

e Pr

ojec

t ba

selin

e su

rvey

(in

clud

ing

popu

latio

n ce

nsus

tha

t se

rves

as

an e

ligib

ility

cut

- off

date

, ass

et

inve

ntor

y,

and

soci

oeco

nom

ic

surv

ey),

pref

erab

ly a

t the

pro

ject

id

entif

icat

ion

stage

, to

prev

ent a

su

bseq

uent

in

flux

of

encr

oach

ers

of o

ther

s w

ho w

ish

to

take

ad

vant

age

of

such

be

nefit

s. (W

B O

P4.1

2, P

ara.

6)

Land

. (2

) In

vent

ory

and

iden

tific

atio

n of

po

sses

sion,

ow

ners

hip,

us

e,

and

utili

zatio

n of

land

shal

l be

cond

ucte

d w

ithin

thirt

y (3

0) w

orki

ng d

ays.

Inve

ntor

y an

d id

entif

icat

ion

shal

l be

con

duct

ed t

o as

certa

in t

he

Entit

led

Parti

es a

nd O

bjec

ts of

the

Acq

uire

d La

nd. T

he re

sults

of t

he

inve

ntor

y an

d id

entif

icat

ion

shal

l co

ntai

n th

e lis

t of

the

nom

inat

ed

Entit

led

Parti

es a

nd O

bjec

ts of

the

Acq

uire

d La

nd. T

he E

ntitl

ed P

artie

s sh

all

incl

ude

the

item

s of

nam

e, a

ddre

ss,

and

empl

oym

ent

of t

he

parti

es w

ho p

osse

ss/o

wn

the

land

. The

Obj

ects

of th

e A

cqui

red

Land

sh

all

incl

ude

the

item

s of

loc

atio

n, s

ize,

sta

tus,

and

type

of

use

and

utili

zatio

n of

land

. (A

rticl

e 28

) Th

e re

sults

of

th

e in

vent

ory

and

iden

tific

atio

n of

po

sses

sion,

ow

ners

hip,

use

, an

d ut

iliza

tion

of l

and

mus

t be

ann

ounc

ed a

t th

e ur

ban/

rura

l vill

age

adm

inist

ratio

n of

fice,

the

subd

istric

t offi

ce, a

nd a

t th

e pl

ace

whe

re A

cqui

sitio

n of

Lan

d is

cond

ucte

d, f

or f

ourte

en (

14)

wor

king

day

s. (A

rticl

e 29

)

afte

r the

com

men

cem

ent,

or

afte

r th

e Lo

catio

n A

nnou

ncem

ent

by

the

Gov

erno

r. It

will

be

easy

to

set

the

elig

ibili

ty c

ut-o

ff da

te a

t the

sta

rt da

te o

f the

inve

ntor

y. Th

e re

sults

of t

he in

vent

ory

that

will

be

cons

ider

ed f

or

com

pens

atio

n is

publ

ished

at

the

pub

lic o

ffice

. Th

ose

who

are

not

list

ed w

ill n

ot

be

com

pens

ated

un

less

he

/she

files

a

publ

ic

obje

ctio

n.

No

gap.

with

IA

in

la

ter

phas

e of

th

e Pr

ojec

t) Pu

blish

ing

the

surv

ey r

esul

ts at

the

publ

ic o

ffice

will

pre

vent

influ

x of

en

croa

cher

s on

the

Proj

ect A

rea.

12

Elig

ibili

ty o

f be

nefit

s in

clud

es,

the

PAPs

who

hav

e fo

rmal

leg

al

right

s to

la

nd

(incl

udin

g cu

stom

ary

and

tradi

tiona

l la

nd

right

s re

cogn

ized

und

er la

w),

the

PAPs

who

don

't ha

ve fo

rmal

lega

l rig

hts

to

land

at

th

e tim

e of

ce

nsus

but

hav

e a

clai

m t

o su

ch

land

or

asse

ts an

d th

e PA

Ps w

ho

have

no

reco

gniz

able

leg

al r

ight

to

the

lan

d th

ey a

re o

ccup

ying

. (W

B O

P4.1

2 Pa

ra. 1

5)

“Ent

itled

Par

ty”

mea

ns a

ny p

arty

by

who

m o

bjec

ts of

the

acqu

ired

land

ar

e po

sses

sed

or o

wne

d. (A

rticl

e 1,

No.

3)

The

givi

ng o

f Co

mpe

nsat

ion

mus

t in

prin

cipl

e be

giv

en d

irect

ly t

o th

e Pa

rty E

ntitl

ed to

Com

pens

atio

n. F

ailin

g hi

m/h

er, t

he E

ntitl

ed P

arty

may

by

oper

atio

n of

law

ass

ign

the

pow

ers

to o

ther

par

ty o

r su

cces

sor.

The

atto

rney

-in-fa

ct m

ay o

nly

rece

ive

the

pow

ers

from

one

per

son

entit

led

to

Com

pens

atio

n.

Thos

e en

title

d sh

all b

e, in

ter a

lia:

a.la

ndho

lder

s;b.

land

con

cess

iona

ires;

c.w

aqf o

rgan

izer

s, in

the

case

of w

aqf l

and;

d.ex

-cus

tom

ary

land

ow

ners

;e.

indi

geno

us p

eopl

e;f.

parti

es i

n po

sses

sion

of t

he s

tate

lan

d in

goo

d fa

ith (

custo

mar

yre

siden

ts/ o

ccup

ants

on p

ublic

land

with

out r

egist

ratio

n);

g.la

nd te

nure

hol

ders

; and

/or

h.ow

ners

of b

uild

ings

, pla

nts o

r oth

er o

bjec

ts re

late

d to

land

.A

s re

gula

ted,

Com

pens

atio

n sh

all b

e gi

ven

to th

e la

ndho

lder

. In

the

case

th

at th

e rig

ht to

bui

ld o

r the

righ

t to

use

over

the

land

is n

ot h

is/he

r ow

n,

Com

pens

atio

n sh

all b

e gi

ven

to th

e ho

lder

of t

he ri

ght t

o bu

ild o

r the

righ

t to

use

ove

r the

bui

ldin

g, p

lant

s or

oth

er o

bjec

ts re

late

d to

land

ow

ned

by

or b

elon

g to

the

him

/her

, whe

reas

Com

pens

atio

n fo

r his/

her l

and

shal

l be

give

n to

the

title

hol

der o

r the

con

cess

iona

ire. (

Arti

cle

40)

No

gap.

El

igib

ility

of

be

nefit

s w

ill

be

defin

ed a

ccor

ding

to th

e La

w N

o. 2

of

201

2 an

d to

the

WB

OP

4.12

.


1-68II-3-7-96

JICA

Gui

delin

es,

WB

OPs

La

w N

o.2

of 2

012

and

rela

ted

Pres

iden

tial D

ecre

es

Gap

Br

idgi

ng M

easu

res t

o be

take

n in

th

e Pr

ojec

t 13

Pr

efer

ence

sh

ould

be

gi

ven

to

land

-bas

ed re

settl

emen

t stra

tegi

es

for

disp

lace

d pe

rson

s w

hose

liv

elih

oods

are

lan

d-ba

sed.

(W

B O

P4.1

2 Pa

ra. 1

1)

The

givi

ng o

f Com

pens

atio

n m

ay b

e m

ade

in th

e fo

rm o

f: a.

mon

ey;

b.su

bstit

ute

land

;c.

rese

ttlem

ents;

“Res

ettle

men

ts” m

eans

a p

roce

ss o

f re

plac

ing

the

Entit

led

Party

’s la

nd

with

the

land

of

diffe

rent

loca

tion

as a

gree

d up

on d

urin

g th

e pr

oces

s of

A

cqui

sitio

n of

Lan

d.

d.sh

areh

oldi

ng; o

r“S

hare

hold

ing”

mea

ns p

lace

men

t of

sha

res

in t

he r

elev

ant

deve

lopm

ent

activ

ities

in th

e pu

blic

inte

rest

and/

or th

e m

anag

emen

t the

reof

is m

ade

by

agre

emen

t of t

he p

artie

s. e.

othe

r for

ms a

s agr

eed

upon

by

both

par

ties.

Oth

er

form

s as

ag

reed

up

on

by

both

pa

rties

ar

e,

for

exam

ple,

a

com

bina

tion

of tw

o (2

) or

mor

e fo

rms

of C

ompe

nsat

ion

as i

nten

ded

by

poin

t (a)

, poi

nt (b

), po

int (

c), a

nd p

oint

(d).

(Arti

cle

36)

Com

pens

atio

n fo

r ind

igen

ous

land

sha

ll be

giv

en in

the

form

of s

ubsti

tute

la

nd,

rese

ttlem

ents,

or

othe

r fo

rms

as a

gree

d up

on b

y th

e re

leva

nt

indi

geno

us p

eopl

e.

Parti

es i

n po

sses

sion

of t

he s

tate

lan

d th

at m

ay b

e gi

ven

Com

pens

atio

n sh

all

be t

he s

tate

lan

d us

ers

prov

idin

g in

com

plia

nce

with

or

not

in

viol

atio

n of

the

prov

ision

s of

law

s an

d re

gula

tions

. For

exa

mpl

e, e

x-rig

ht

hold

ers

(who

se t

enur

e ha

s ex

pire

d) s

till

usin

g or

util

izin

g th

e re

leva

nt

land

, pa

rties

in

poss

essio

n of

the

sta

te l

and

on a

lea

se b

asis,

or

othe

r pa

rties

usin

g or

util

izin

g th

e fre

e an

d un

clai

med

stat

e la

nd n

ot in

vio

latio

n of

the

prov

ision

s ofl

aws a

nd re

gula

tions

. (A

rt. 4

0)

Alth

ough

no

pref

eren

ce i

s sta

ted,

sub

stitu

te l

and

can

be

the

form

of

co

mpe

nsat

ion.

N

o ga

p.

(The

re i

s hi

gh p

ossib

ility

tha

t th

e Pr

ojec

t w

ill

not

caus

e an

y di

spla

cem

ent)

Pref

eren

ce

will

be

gi

ven

to

land

-bas

ed re

settl

emen

t stra

tegi

es if

an

y di

spla

cem

ent

of

land

-bas

ed

pers

ons

is fo

und

nece

ssar

y af

ter t

he

Det

aile

d D

esig

n.

14

Prov

ide

supp

ort f

or th

e tra

nsiti

on

perio

d (b

etw

een

disp

lace

men

t an

d liv

elih

ood

resto

ratio

n).

(WB

OP4

.12

Para

. 6)

No

prov

ision

of s

uppo

rt du

ring

the

trans

ition

per

iod.

N

o pr

ovisi

on

of

supp

ort

durin

g th

e tra

nsiti

on

perio

d.

(The

re i

s hi

gh p

ossib

ility

tha

t th

e Pr

ojec

t w

ill

not

caus

e an

y di

spla

cem

ent)

Supp

ort

for

the

trans

ition

per

iod

will

be

pr

ovid

ed

if an

y di

spla

cem

ent

is fo

und

nece

ssar

y af

ter t

he D

etai

led

Des

ign.

15

Parti

cula

r at

tent

ion

mus

t be

pai

d to

the

nee

ds o

f th

e vu

lner

able

gr

oups

am

ong

thos

e di

spla

ced,

es

peci

ally

thos

e be

low

the

pove

rty

line,

land

less

, eld

erly

, wom

en a

nd

child

ren,

et

hnic

m

inor

ities

et

c. (W

B O

P4.1

2 Pa

ra. 8

)

No

parti

cula

r des

crip

tion

abou

t han

dlin

g of

the

vuln

erab

le g

roup

s. N

o pa

rticu

lar

desc

riptio

n ab

out

hand

ling

of

the

vuln

erab

le g

roup

s.

(The

re i

s hi

gh p

ossib

ility

tha

t th

e Pr

ojec

t w

ill

not

caus

e an

y di

spla

cem

ent)

Parti

cula

r atte

ntio

n an

d as

sista

nce w

ill

be p

rovi

ded

to v

ulne

rabl

e gr

oups

if

any

disp

lace

men

t of

the

m i

s fo

und

nece

ssar

y af

ter t

he D

etaile

d D

esig

n.

Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am


1-69II-3-7-97


1-70

1-3-2-3 Size and Location of Land Acquisition, Relocation and Resettlement

(1) Size and Location of Land Acquisition, Relocation and Resettlement

The Detailed Study to be implemented in May to July 2019 will clarify the boundary of land area necessary for the Project.

According to the field observation in March 26, 2019, no resident was observed in the area including the potential project site. One or two stall(s) on the right bank may be affected if these stalls did not move out voluntarily before the implementation of the Project.

Palu City Road Division is expected to be the main land owner on the right bank.

Private residential houses on the left bank were destroyed by the tsunami. The ownerships are expected to be registered with the Provincial Land Department (BPN) in Palu.

(2) Data Collection

Data of the Project PAPs will be collected after the boundary of the land area required by the Project is drafted by the JICA Mission Team.

According to the Law No. 2, 2012, the information of the land parcel to be required for public purpose will be surveyed by the Preparation Team using data available at Land Department (BPN) in Palu.

BPN has already collected land data of about 5,000 lots affected by the liquefaction in December 2018. The survey follows the standard survey method called IP4T. The results are available in GIS format.

The same survey by BPN is necessary to be done for the land necessary for the Project. The timing of the survey is shown in the Line 6 of Table 1-3-38. In parallel, JICA Mission Team will need to conduct population census and socio-economic survey of the PAPs to collect the information that will not be covered by the BPN survey.

All the PAPs of the Project is non-resident land owners. Identifying the survey target PAPs may need cooperation of local community and all other available method.

1-3-2-4 Measures of Compensations and Assistances

As a result of gap analysis, it is expected to occur no major gap in the concrete measures for compensation and support of the project compared to the JICA guidelines. On the other hand, the following points need to be coordinated with related organizations.

(1) Coordination with related organizations in the future

After discussion and agreement with the relevant organizations on the details of land acquisition, it is necessary to disclose information such as cut-off date, qualifications for compensation and support, contents and scale to PAPs

II-3-7-98


1-71

(2) Issues requiring future examination and adjustment of land in coastal areas

In an interview between the Mayor of Pal and the JICA Study Team on April 2, 2019, the Mayor clarified that the necessary land for the project would be acquired as a public works site.

As of June 2019, the relevant agencies have not sufficiently discussed the use of land in the RED zone of the coastal area and the response to purchase requests from land owners in the zone. There is a possibility that the conclusion and agreement of the discussion have not been made even when the land acquisition phase of the Project.

Land acquisition related to free projects will be implemented early among the series of support projects. Therefore, IA, relevant organizations, and the JICA Study Team need to exchange views with the local people and try to form a cooperative public opinion for the whole series of support JICA projects in the local community.

1-3-2-5 Grievance Mechanisms

There are three timings of raising objections in the Law No.2 of 2012.

1. If within a sixty (60) working day period of the Public Consultation on a development plan there is a party objecting to the planned location of development, a(nother) Public Consultation shall be repeated by engagement of the objecting party within thirty (30) working days.

A party objecting to the planned location of development shall present his/her objections in writing along with the reasons therefor. (Article 20)

If in the repeated Public Consultation there are still parties objecting to the planned location of development, the Agency needing land shall report such an objection to the local governor.

The governor shall form a team to make a study of the objections to the planned location of development. (Article 21)

2. Where the Entitled Party does not receive the results of the inventory as intended, he/she may file an objection with the Land Administrator within fourteen (14) working days of the announcement of the results of the inventory.

Where there is an objection to the results of the inventory, verification and improvement thereof shall be made within fourteen (14) working days of the receipt of the filing of an objection to the results of the inventory. (Article 29)

3. Where there is agreement on the form and/or the amount of Compensation, The Entitled Parties may file an objection with the local district court within fourteen (14) working days of the negotiation on determination of Compensation.

The district court shall decide the form and/or the amount of Compensation within thirty (30) working days of the receipt of the filing of objection. (Article 38)

1-3-2-6 Institutional Coordination and Sharing Responsibilities

As of June 2019, the Executing Agency is decided as Bina Marga (Road Department at national level). The Implementing Agency, however, and the coordination and sharing responsibilities with province and city offices are not yet decided.

II-3-7-99


1-72

1-3-2-7 Implementation Schedule

(1) Draft project schedule as of March 2019

As of March 2019, the draft project schedule proposed by the JICA Study Team is to finish the land acquisition by the end of August 2019 as shown in Table 1-3-40. In typical JICA Grant Project, registration of land to the Implementing Agency is required by the hand-over of drawings to the bidder, which is expected in October 1, 2019.

Since the required land is either road area or tsunami affected area, land clearance requirement before the commencement of the preparation work in December 2019 will not be a great issue in this Project.

Table 1-3-40 Draft Schedule of Land Acquisition and Project Implementation Start End

Design 1 Outline Design Jan. 2019 April 2019 & Tender 2 Detailed Design & Tender Document Preparation May 2019 July 2019

3 JICA Approval of Cost Estimation July 2019 August 2019 4 LARAP must be submitted to JICA and DG of Highways (IA)

before PQ to the latest (ESMF) August 2019

5 Agreement to sell must be obtained from 100 % land owners before PQ (Grant Project) August 2019

6 PQ/Tender/Contract Sep. 2019 Nov. 2019 7 Site clearance, and resettlement/relocation if any, to be

finished before Preparatory Work starts (JICA Project) Nov. 2019

Construction 8 Preparatory Work & Temporary Bridge Dec. 2019 March 2020 9 Foundation Pile & Substructure April 2020 Sep. 2020 10 Superstructure Aug. 2020 March 2021 11 Surface Work & Clearance Work April 2021 July 2021


(2) Remaining works

To achieve the target schedule, further coordination and reality check of the schedule with all the stake holder agencies is necessary. A question not solved at the time of writing, April 2, 2019, is recorded in the far right column in Table 1-3-41.

Table 1-3-41 Comparison of Indonesian and JICA Requirement and Remaining Questions Law No.2, 2012 Land Acquisition for Public Purpose

JICA Guidelines Remaining Issues for

Reconstruction of Palu IV Bridge Phase Responsible

Body L Action (necessary days in the law)

Planning phase

Institution who needs the land

1 Apply to the Governor with results of Feasibility Study, and the early inventory of PAPs and assets

Do we need the FS study? Do we need to apply to the Governor?

Preparation phase

By the Governor, can be delegated to Mayor

2 Notification to

community (20 days)

May be prior to the Spatial Planning consultation with residents?

II-3-7-100


1-73

Law No.2, 2012 Land Acquisition for Public Purpose JICA Guidelines

Remaining Issues for Reconstruction of Palu IV

Bridge Phase Responsible Body L Action (necessary days

in the law) 3 Forming preparation

team (10 days) Where the preparation team

will be formed, province or city?

4 1st public consultation prior to the survey to explain the Project and purpose of the survey

5 CUT-OFF DATE: START DATE OF THE SURVEY

(preliminary cut-off date)

6 Preliminary data collection (30 days) (IP4T)

Population census including Vulnerability

recognition Asset census Socio-economic condition

of Project Affected person, household, business

Preference of measure of compensation

Opinions on the Project

About how many land owners will be affected? Do we need to share the survey between the Preparation Team and the JICA Study Team? Or the Preparation Team will have a sociologist?

7 OUTPUT: Temporary Location Plan List

Is it overlay with the design and land parcel map (cadastral map)?

8 DEVELOPMENT OF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

AND ENTITLEMENT

JICA Stud Team need to work together with the City and Province in this step.

9 Second public consultation TO

AGREE ON THE PROJECT

LOCATION (60 days)

Second public consultation TO AGREE ON THE

POLICY/CALCULATION OF ELIGIBILITY AND

ENTITLEMENT

Need to emphasize that this is the acquisition for the bridge reconstruction project. (differ from land use restriction because of the zoning, or land for tsunami dike project)

10 Submission of LAPRAP to JICA

Governor 11 Location stipulation (14 days)

12 Location announcement (17 days)

Execution By Head of BPN

13 Final inventory & identification of PAPs (30 days) and announcement (14 days)

JICA Study Team will conduct monitoring.

14 Stipulation of Appraiser (30 days) and Valuation (30 days)

15 Final negotiation with PAPs on type and amount of compensation (30 days)

16 Compensation payment and land title release (7 days)

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Law No.2, 2012 Land Acquisition for Public Purpose JICA Guidelines

Remaining Issues for Reconstruction of Palu IV

Bridge Phase Responsible Body L Action (necessary days

in the law) Land delivery

From Head of Land Acquisition to the Institution who needs the land

17 Land delivery (7 days) 18 Land Certification and

Registration (30 days) Grant Project is usually

required Registration Certificate (or at least a proof of the process started) before distribution of bidding document (TARGET: October 1)

19 All removal of private assets is required before the start of construction works (TARGET: November 30)Which institution (village?) will be responsible to keep the land vacant, without any influx?


1-3-2-8 Budget and Funding Source

Detailed design of the Project is to be conducted in June to August 2019. During the detailed design phase, following works will be implemented.

The survey results will be used to calculate the necessary budget.

Further discussions and coordination between the city, province and national stakeholders will clarify the funding sources and shared responsibilities in the Project.

1-3-2-9 Institutional Structure for Monitoring

(1) Institutional Structure

Article 51 of the Law 2012 says that;

1) Monitoring and evaluation of the performance of acquisition of land shall be made by the Government.

2) Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the handover of the acquisition of land shall be made by the Land Administrator (BPN/ATR Palu City)

At this timing of reporting, it is not clear whether the monitoring 1) is conducted by Palu City or Central Sulawesi Province.

Further clarifications and information collection is needed about the institutional structure for monitoring.

(2) Monitoring Forms

Figure 1-3-10 shows the sample format for monitoring of implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement.

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Source: JICA 2017

Figure 1-3-10 Sample Monitoring Format for Land Acquisition

1-3-2-10 Public consultations

Law No. 2 and 2012, which are land acquisition related laws and regulations in Indonesia, require the implementation of consultations with local residents. However, the land acquisition range in this case is around 2 ha, and land acquisition can be carried out only in consultation with individual right holders. Palu city as responsible section is expected to carry out this procedure.

JICA Guidelines require the first consultation before the start of the land acquisition survey. At the end of June, the land acquisition department in Pal City will explain the future compensation policy and procedures in planned stakeholder meeting.

1-3-2-11 Environmental Monitoring Form

The format will be prepared after field survey and environmental evaluation.

Preparetion of Resettlement Sites (where necessary)

Public Consultation

ResponsibleOrganisation

TANESCO

Up to theQuarter

Till the LastQuarter

During theQuarter

UnitPlannedTotal

Progress in Quantity

Lot 2 ha

Resettlement Activities

Progress of Land Acquisition (All Lots)

Preparation of RAP

　　Employment of Consultants Man-month

ha

Progress of Asset Replacement (All Lots) No. of HHs

No. of HHs

Progress of Relocation of People (All Lots) No. of HHs

Lot 1

Lot 1 ha

Lot 3 No. of HHs

Lot 3 ha

Lot 4 ha

Lot 2 No. of HHs

Progress of Compensation Payment No. of HHs

Lot 1 No. of HHs

No. of PAPs

　　Implementation of Census Survey (including Socioeconomic Survey)

Date of Approval: 　　Approval of RAP

Finalization of PAPs List

Expected Date ofCompletion

Progress in %

Till the LastQuarter

Up to theQuarter

Lot 2 No. of HHs

Lot 1 No. of HHs

Lot 2 No. of HHs

No. of HHs Lot 3

No.

No. of HHs

Lot 4 ha

Lot 3 No. of HHs

Lot 4

Lot 4 ha

2

Date Place Contents of the consultation / main comments and answeres

1

Status(Completed (date) / not

complete)

Details(e.g.Site selection, identification of candidate sites, discussion with PAPs,

Development of the site, etc.)

Expected Date ofCompletionNo.

1

2

Explanation of the site(e.g. Area, no.of resettlement HH,

etc.)

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1-3-2-12 Environmental Checklist

The format will be prepared after field survey and environmental evaluation.

1-3-2-13 Other

None.

1-4 Others

1-4-1 Confirmation of Tax Exemption

Results of hearing from PU bureau of International cooperation and budgeting planning is written below.

1-4-1-1 Overseas procurement

Materials might be tax-exempted if stated in the minutes of discussion regarding the procurement list.

1-4-1-2 Domestic sourcing

There is no regulation in Indonesia for tax exemption regarding domestic sourcing. It is therefore necessary to follow the refund application method. The refund application procedure is the following:

The Contractor of a Grant aid project shall request JICA to send an official letter to the PU for notifying the refund application

JICA send an official letter to PU regarding the Contractor’s application for a tax refund in relation to a Grant Aid Project

PU report to the State secretary of Ministry regarding the Contractor’s application for a tax refund and ask for the approval of the Contractor’s application

State of ministry investigates the rightness of the Contractor’s application

State of ministry request the Ministry of Finance to refund tax to the Contractor once the application is completed

The Contractor then submits all of the required documents to the Ministry of Finance.

The Contractor is refunded at local tax office after approval of the Ministry of finance.

The refund process in Indonesia is not common procedure and it might take couple years or more to get refund.

1-4-2 Bidding System in Indonesia

The method of bidding in Indonesia is described in chapters III to VI of Peraturan Menteri PUPR Nomor 07 / PRT / M / 2019. The bidding procedure is shown in Figure 1-4-1. In case of Bidding, PUPR plans the necessary projects to achieve the target based on the national development plan. After setting various conditions such as project packages and project budget for project implementation, a draft contract will

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be prepared for consulting companies and construction companies who will implement the project. Then, after organizing bidding committee and deciding on qualification screening methods and bidding evaluation methods for the participants, the bidding committee will prepare a bidding book. Once the preparation for bidding is completed, the bidding is carried out to determine the winning bidder among the eligible participants.


Figure 1-4-1 Procurement process in Indonesia

1-4-2-1 Procurement plan

Procurement planning will be implemented based on the principles of sustainable development. At first, a demand analysis is conducted. Demand analysis is conducted based on the development plan defined by the ministries. In the demand analysis, it is necessary to determine the construction work based on the achievement target of the national development plan. In addition, after deciding the construction level to be implemented, plan a project that small and medium-sized company can also participate in. It is also obliged to conduct a construction feasibility study prior to implementation. Next, determine the selection conditions for the construction consulting company necessary for project implementation. When selecting a construction consulting company, it is necessary to consider the setting of service level, target setting, work execution timing, contract type (single year / multiple years), and the number of required experts. Then, plan the project implementation schedule. The project implementation schedule includes the project implementation schedule defined by the project owner and the period from the project implementation schedule proposed by the project winning bidder and also period of the delivery of the product. Then, formulate a procurement budget plan. The procurement budget includes all the costs needed to implement the project. Then, set the technical specifications / TOR. The technical specifications include the specifications of construction materials and construction methods,

procurement plan

procurement preparation

bidding preparation

bidding

determine winning bidder

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implementation methods and work methods. Technical standards should be as compliant as possible to SNI. In addition, for the implementation of work, the minimum quantity necessary for the implementation of the project is stipulated. TOR includes the content of work to be performed, work execution schedule, expert performance, company performance, and work execution cost. Then we will decide the Project packages. Project “packaging” is based on the principle of efficiency, sound competition, and technical quality assurance and packaging will be conducted to enable small and medium-sized company to participate as much as possible. In case of bidding, participation qualifications differ depending on the package budget. For small packages, from Rp100 million to Rp1 billion, only small and medium companies are eligible to bid. For packages from Rp 1 billion to Rp 2.5 billion, only mid-sized companies are eligible to bid. For larger packages, only large companies are eligible to bid.

1-4-2-2 Procurement preparation

In preparation for procurement, it is necessary to review and make decisions on technical specifications and TOR. After reviewing the technical specifications and TOR based on the latest materials and information, it is necessary to receive approval from the project owner. A detailed design survey to select a construction company and calculate the construction cost will then be carried out. On the basis of the calculated construction costs, project owner defines the project implementation budget 28 days before the tender documents submission or prior examination documents submission. Then, draft the contract. The contract for construction consulting company is either a lump-sum contract or a man-month contract. Contracts for contractors are either lump-sum contracts or unit price contracts. The draft contract must include the type of contract, scope of work, deliverables, and level of work, duration of work, period of payment, payment method, work plan, subcontractor rules, and dispute resolution options.

1-4-2-3 Bidding preparation

Bid preparation and bidding will be conducted by the bidding committee. As preparation for bidding, first, review the documents created during procurement preparation. Next, determine the qualification examination method. Two qualification screening methods have been introduced: pre-qualification screening and post-qualification screening. For prequalification procedure, the prospective bidders shall apply for the qualification certificate and submit the qualification documents through the designated website. The bidding committee will issue the short list results after having evaluated the prequalification documents. At that time, the participant can make an objection to the project owner regarding the result. Subsequently, a bid evaluation method is determined. In the case of construction consulting companies, there are quality price evaluation, quality evaluation, budget upper limit and lowest price evaluation. The type of the project determines the appropriate bidding method. Also, depending on the bidding method, the selection method of participants is different. In case of a project which quality is considered important, invitations are sent to participants who have been listed as candidates in advance, and bids are made. In the case of contractors, two types of methods have been implemented: value system evaluation methods and minimum price evaluation methods when technical quality is required. A bidding book should then be established consisting of qualification certificate, construction consulting contractor

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selection document, and construction bidding document. A certificate of qualification is a document that describes general instructions to participants, a qualification data sheet, and a method for evaluating qualification. The construction consulting company selection document is a document including an invitation letter, an instruction sheet for participants, a TOR, and a bid document format. The construction bid document is a document in which an invitation letter, an instruction sheet for participants, and a bidding document format are described.

1-4-2-4 Bidding

After bid preparation has been implemented, bidding for the project will be implemented. At the time of bidding, the Bid Committee announces the project. After the announcement of the project, the participants submit the qualification form to the website defined by the employer according to the schedule. Based on the submitted qualification form, the bidding committee will verify qualifications and only those who pass will qualify. An appeal period will be established within 5 business days from the announcement of the examination results. Within 3 business days after the objection period, the Bid Committee will provide a written response to these objections, as necessary. If there are less than 3 participants who are eligible for bidding, the qualification will be redone. If two participants are eligible for bidding, we will then proceed to the subsequent bidding process. If only one participant is qualified to bid, we will proceed directly to contract negotiations. The bidding committee should report the result of re-qualification to the client.

After the bidding participants have been decided, the bidding committee will convene all the eligible participants and announce how to bid. The invited participants electronically register and download the bid book through the designated website. By the deadline for submission of tender documents, participants submit tender documents on the website. The bidding committee may postponed by 1 day the deadline if the participant does not submit the bidding documents by the bidding document submission deadline. After the submission deadline, the bidding committee will evaluate the bidding documents.

1-4-3 Form of Contract in Indonesia

The contract method is described in chapters VII to X of Peraturan Menteri PUPR Nomor 07 / PRT / M / 2019. The contracting process of Indonesia is shown in Figure 1-4-2. After the successful bidder is selected by bidding, the project owner issues a notice of appointment to the successful bidder. After the notification of selection is issued, a preparatory meeting will be held to sign the contract. The contents discussed at the preparatory meeting will be recorded in the minutes. When signing a contract, it is necessary to incorporate the opinions of construction experts, but if there is no suitable person, the opinion of the team formed by the relevant ministries can be reflected. Contract signatures must be made within 14 business days after the issuance of the letter of appointment.

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Figure 1-4-2 Contract process in Indonesia

publish winning bidder document

hold a contract preparation

meeting

sign the contract

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Chapter 2 Contents of the Project

2-1 Basic Concept of the Project

The earthquake that occurred on September 28, 2018 (epicentre: 80-km north of Palu City, the capital of Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia; Mw 7.4) caused the collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge. The loss of the bridge at the mouth of the Palu River has been forcing west-bound traffic to detour via the Palu 3 Bridge (approximately 0.9 km south of the Palu 4 Bridge) and east-bound traffic to detour via the Palu 1 Bridge (approximately 1.6 km south of the Palu 4 Bridge). In this situation, the Government of Indonesia requested the Government of Japan for the construction of the Palu 4 Bridge for the purpose of improving physical distribution, expanding the traffic capacity in the east-west direction, enhancing the resilience of the road network, etc.

In addition, the Indonesian side has expressed its desire for early completion of the bridge as a symbol of recovery, and JICA and the Government of Indonesia have agreed that this request can be met appropriately through the implementation of a grant aid project rather than through the use of a sector loan. The present work develops the outline design of the Palu 4 Bridge in response to this request.

2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance

2-2-1 Design Policy

2-2-1-1 Basic policy

While this project essentially replaces the collapsed Palu 4 Bridge, the new bridge will be located to the south of the present bridge site in order to avoid the landslide zone produced by the earthquake. In addition, because the bridge is planned to form a segment of the tsunami dike, it must take into consideration the horizontal and vertical alignment and cross-sectional structure of the tsunami dike. As requested by the Government of Indonesia, it is important to select the bridge location so that the number of relocations of properties will be minimized, and the decision will be made based on comprehensive judgment in consideration of spatial planning.


Figure 2-1-1 Previous Palu 4 Bridge

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2-2-1-2 Design Conditions

(1) Bridge Design

The bridge design should be carried out in accordance with “Specifications for Highway Bridges (Part I – V)” and should be checked according to “Standard National Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as “SNI”)”. The standards for bridge design are described below.

Specifications for Highway Bridges (Part I – V): Japan Road Association (JRA)

：Bridge Management System Directorate General of Highways (DGH)

SNI 12-2004 Perencanaan struktur beton untuk jembatan: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

SNI 1725-2016 Pembebanan untuk jembatan: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

SNI 2833-2016 Earthquake Map 2017: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

SNI 8460-2017 Persyaratan perancangan geoteknik: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

(2) Road Design

The road design should be carried out in accordance with the following standards:

Persyaratan teknis jalan dan kriteria perencanaan teknis jalan: Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (Nomor: 19/PRT/M/2011)

SNI T-14-2004 Geometri Jalan Perkotaan: Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN)

Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (2018 7th Edition): AASHTO

2-2-2 Basic Plan

2-2-2-1 Overall Plan

The Palu River runs through the central part of Palu City, and this river was spanned by four bridges (from the Palu 1 Bridge to the Palu 4 Bridge) constructed to provide east-west traffic. The earthquake that occurred on September 28, 2018 caused the collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge, resulting in a decrease in traffic capacity in the east-west direction. Therefore, for the purpose of securing traffic capacity in Palu City and nearby areas and also improving physical distribution, we consulted with Directorate General of Highways (Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga; herein referred to as Bina Marga) about the objective of the grant aid project and the bridge location.

The comparison table for the objective grant project is shown in Figure 2-2-4 from Figure 2-2-1.

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Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am

Figu

re 2

-2-1

Al

tern

ativ

e 1

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Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am

Figu

re 2

-2-2

Al

tern

ativ

e 2

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2-5

Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am

Figu

re 2

-2-3

Al

tern

ativ

e 3

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Sour

ce: J

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Stud

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Figu

re 2

-2-4

Al

tern

ativ

e 4

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At the meeting of related organizations held on February 18, 2019 in Palu City, the Government of Indonesia requested the adoption of Alternative 2, and the Japanese side accepted this request. In addition, requests were also made for consideration of aesthetic aspects and early completion as a symbol of recovery from the disaster.

2-2-2-2 Road Plan

(1) Geometric Design Criteria

The geometric design criteria of road plan is shown in Table 2-2-1.

Table 2-2-1 Geometric Design Criteria

Item Unit Criteria Adopted Value Remarks

Design Speed km/hr 60 60 Cross Section - Carriageway m 3.50 3.50 - Left Shoulder m 1.50 1.50

- Sidewalk Bridge m 1.00 1.00 Road m 1.00 1.00

- Frontage Road m 4.00 4.00 If necessary - Shoulder of Frontage Road m 0.50 0.50 If necessary Horizontal Alignment - Standard Minimum Radius m 150 TBD - Desirable Minimum Radius m 200 TBD - Minimum Radius for Normal

Cross-fall (i=2.0%) m 2,000 TBD

- Minimum Curve Length m 100 TBD - Standard Minimum of Transition

Sections m 50 TBD

- Standard Minimum Radius not Requiring Transition Section m 600 TBD

- Widening of Lanes m 0.25 TBD - less than R=160 - per lane

Vertical Alignment - Maximum Grade % 5.0 4.0 as requested by Balai

- Critical Length of Grade % 6 % - 500m 7% - 400m 8% - 300m

TBD

- Standard Minimum Radius m Crest – 1,400 Sag – 1,000 TBD

- Desirable Minimum radius m Crest – 2,000 Sag – 1,500 TBD

- Standard Minimum Length m 50 TBD Super-elevation - Maximum Super-elevation % 8.0 TBD - Minimum Length of Super-elevation

Runoff - 1/175 TBD


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(2) Typical Cross Section

The typical cross section is shown in Figure 2-2-5.


Figure 2-2-5 Typical Cross Section

(3) Road Horizontal Alignment

Because the reconstruction of the collapsed Palu 4 Bridge at the mouth of the Palu River has been agreed upon with the Government of Indonesia, as mentioned above, we examine the positioning of the route in the vicinity of the river mouth, considering spatial planning and other factors. Because there is a landslide zone near the river mouth, the route will be selected basically avoiding this zone. However, since Bina Marga and related organizations expect difficulty in relocation of properties, they requested us to include comparison with an alternative route that passes through the landslide-affected zone and requires less relocations of properties. The comparison table for road horizontal alignment is shown in Table 2-2-2.

As a result of consultation with related organizations, Alternative 1 was adopted instead of Alternative 2 recommended by the JICA Study Team. Despite of joint field surveys and a number of discussions, the Indonesian side concluded that the negotiations for the relocation of properties was difficult and within the limitation of the budget of Palu City, Alternative 1 was realistic from the viewpoint of social and environmental consideration.

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Tabl

e 2-

2-2

Com

paris

on T

able

for R

oad

Hor

izon

tal A

lignm

ent

Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am

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2-2-2-3 Bridge Plan

(1) Design Conditions

1) Hydrological Condition

(a) Return Period

Return period of the Palu River is instituted in a 25-year return period. According to the maximum records, the highest water level surveyed by visual observation and hearing of the previous Palu 4 Bridge area has flown several times over the existing bank so far. Therefore, a 25-return period is applied for Palu 4 Bridge.

(b) Estimated High-water Discharge Volume

Estimated high-water discharge volume of Palu 4 Bridge calculated by a 25-year return period is shown in Table 2-2-3.

Table 2-2-3 Estimated High-water Discharge Volume

Return Period Estimated Highest Water Level (m)

Estimated High-water Discharge Volume (m3/s)

1/25 EL. +1.230 1,000*

*Note: The high water discharge volume estimated by BWS in 2017 is 800 m3/s (756.024 m3/s). However, the JICA Study Team is considering river and basin countermeasures targeting the 2016 floods. Even if the considerations to determine the scale of both river and basin countermeasures are on-going, the estimated design flood discharge in the downstream of Palu River is supposed to not exceed 1,000m3/s, because of the difficulties to widen the river..


(c) Design Flow Velocity

Design flow velocity in the 25-year return period for bridge planning is shown in Table 2-2-4.

Table 2-2-4 Design Flow Velocity

Return Period Design Flow Velocity (m/s) 1/25 1.210

Source: BWS (2017), “Investigation and Design Survey on the Palu River Boundary in Palu City of 2017”

(d) Highest Water Level

The highest water level should be set considering a calculation result by a 25-year return period, a record of the high tide and the maximum wave height generated by tsunami as shown in Table 2-2-5.

Table 2-2-5 Highest Water Level

Source Highest water Level (m) 25-year return period 1.230 Record of high tide (Mean High Water Spring) 2.316 Record of tsunami 6.500


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(e) Embedment Depth

Embedment depth of the foundation in the main stream of the river should at least be kept more than 2 m depth shown in Figure 2-2-6.

Source: MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)

Figure 2-2-6 Embedment Depth

(f) Blockade Ratio Caused by Structures in the River

Palu 4 Bridge is located on an important ring road connecting east and west furthermore north and south roads. The blockade rati caused by structures in the river is kept at less than 5% in the Standard of MLIT in Japan. The blockade ratio is calculated using the following formula.

Blockade Ratio＝ Sum of structure width × ＜100 (%) 5 % River Width

Accordingly, width of the Palu River is now 230m long at the point, so that sum of structure width should be kept less than 11.5m long.

(g) Requested Span Length

Requested span length is calculated using the following formula as shown in Figure 2-2-7 based on the Standard of MLIT.

L = 20 + 0.005Q

Here, L: Requested span length (m) Q: Estimated High-water Discharge Volume (m3/s) Estimated High-water Discharge Volume (m3/s): 1,000 Requested Span Length (m): more than 25.0

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Figure 2-2-7 Calculation Flowchart of Requested Span Length

2) Load Condition

(a) Dead Load

Dead load of each material is shown in Table 2-2-6 stipulated in the Japanese Standard.

Table 2-2-6 Unit Weight

Material Content Unit weight (kN/m3) Steel 77.0 Reinforced concrete 24.5 Plain (Non-reinforced) concrete 23.0 Cement mortar 21.0 Asphalt concrete 22.5 Sand, gravel 20.0 Sandy soil 19.0 Clay soil 18.0


(b) Live Load

Live load applies two (2) types such as L type (uniform load) and T type (concentrated load) of JRA. Moreover, each element of the bridge structure shall be verified by applying D type (uniform load) and T type (concentrated load) of SNI.

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(c) Impact

The impact of the live load shall be considered. Calculation of the impact shall apply the Japanese Standard. And then the impact of the live load should not be applied to the design of the sub-structure.

(d) Influence of Creep for Concrete and dry Shrinkage for Concrete

The creep strain and drying shrinkage related to the age of concrete material shall be calculated according to Specifications for Highway Bridges (Part III), and the creep coefficient after the completion of structural elements shall be 1.50 for main girder concrete. The drying shrinkage rate of main girder concrete shall be 15.00×10-5.

(e) Thermal Load

An annual average highest temperature is approximately 30.7 degrees (monthly average highest temperature: 32.1 degrees in October) and an annual average lowest temperature is approximately 23.0 degrees (monthly average lowest temperature: 22.0 degrees in July) along the objective area. As the result of each temperature, an annual average temperature is 26.8 degrees. Therefore, the thermal force shall be considered as ±15 degrees as an annual average temperature in consideration with the difference of a monthly average highest temperature and a monthly average lowest temperature.

(f) Static/Dynamic Earth Pressure

Earth pressure shall appropriately consider the type of structure and the earth conditions based on the Japanese Standard.

(g) Static/Dynamic Water Pressure

The pressure of the water shall appropriately consider the change of the water level, flow velocity, scouring, and shape/measurement size of the pier based on the Japanese Standard.

(h) Tsunami Load

The pressure of tsunami shall be the largest of the values calculated from the formulas proposed in the following standards:

Technical Standards and Commentaries for Coastal Facilities, August 2018.

The Principles of Parapet Design Considering Tsunamis (Provisional Version), November 2015.

An Experimental Study on Wave Force Acting on On-shore Structures Due to Overflowing Tsunamis (Asakura et al., Coastal Engineering Proceedings Vol. 47, 2000).

(i) Buoyancy and Uplift

Buoyancy and uplift shall appropriately consider the pore water and the change of the water level.

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(j) Wind Load

Wind load shall be considered on this Project because there is influence along Palu Bay to the objective bridges.

(k) Seismic Load

Seismic load including liquefaction prediction applies JRA based on the geological result surveyed at the new location of the Palu 4 Bridge site. Moreover, the whole structure and each element of the bridge shall also be verified by applying SNI and site seismic hazard analysis. Distribution map of Earthquakes in Sulawesi island is shown in Figure 2-2-8. And the estimated fault in the Palu Bay is shown in Figure 2-2-9. Moreover, magnitude and earthquakes are classified in Table 2-2-7. Frequency of the occurrence in Japan is sampled as the relationship of the earthquake scale and the magnitude in Table 2-2-8.

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Source: SNI- INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE SOURCES AND EARTHQUAKE 2017 MAP

Figure 2-2-8 Distribution map of Earthquakes in Sulawesi island

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Figure 2-2-9 Estimated Fault in the Palu Bay Area

Table 2-2-7 Classification of Earthquakes by Magnitude (M)

Mega Earthquake 8 ≤ M Great Earthquake 7 ≤ M Moderate Earthquake 5 ≤ M < 7 Minor Earthquake 3 ≤ M < 5 Micro Earthquake 1 ≤ M < 3 Ultra-micro Earthquake 1 < M

Source: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

Palu River

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Table 2-2-8 Relationship of Earthquake Scale and Magnitude (M)

Source: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

(l) Collision Load

Since there is some possibility of collisions with the piers during flooding, a collision load shall be appropriately considered based on the Japanese Standard.

(2) Basic Plan for Bridge

1) Basic Policy

The basic policy and its contents are described in Table 2-2-9. The objective bridges shall be planned based on the basic policy. The scale and type of the objective bridges are decided in this chapter.

M Outline of Earthquake (in case of earthquakeoccurred at shallow depth)

Earthquake Occurrencein around Japan

large damage in wide area if earthquakeoccurred in land, tsunami if earthquake occurredat seabed

Meg

a Ea

rthqu

ake

Gre

at E

arth

quak

e

6

Scale

occurrence mega diastrophism in around severalhundred kilometer or 1,000 kilometer,catastrophe and/or giant tsunami in wide area

9

8

catastrophe in wide area if earthquake occurredin land, large tsunami if earthquake occurred atseabed

3

2

1

0

7

insensitive to quake to the people

Mod

erat

eEa

rthqu

ake

Min

orEa

rthqu

ake

Mic

roea

rthqu

ake

Ultr

a-m

icro

Earth

quak

e

-1

small damage around the epicenter, largedamage in case of ground condition if the area isnear M7minor damage or some damage in case ofground condition if the area is near aroundepicentermacroseismic area at the epicenter, macrodamage at the epicenter if the hypocenter isvery shallow

rarely macroseismic area at the epicenter

rarely macroseismic area if the hypocenter isvery shallow




5

4

once a several hundredyears

around once or twice ayear

once a ten years

around 10～15 timesa year

around 10 times a month

occurrence in countless

around 10 times a hour

around 10 times a day

around several timesa day

around once or twicea minute

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Table 2-2-9 Basic Policy of Bridge Plan

Policy of the Planning Contents of the Policy ① Suitable Alignment and

Bridge Location In order to keep an economical bridge length and safe and comfortable travelling, a suitable road alignment and bridge location shall be considered.

② Economy Selection of the bridge material/type shall consider not only the economy of construction costs but also the life cycle cost spent for maintenance.

③ Workability The bridge plan shall prioritize safety first and select the bridge type of exact erection method. Furthermore, the bridge plan shall consider the road users and surrounding people.

④ Scenery The bridge plan shall be considered in harmony with the surrounding environmental situation.

⑤ Aseismicity The bridge plan shall adequately consider the aseismatic design based on the past seismic records.

⑥ Clearance The bridge plan shall consider the influence of flooding and debris in the river. Therefore, clearance shall be analyzed based on rainfall and hydrological data. Furthermore, high tide and influence of tsunami should be also considered.

⑦ Seasonal Changes The bridge plan shall be studied in consideration with both rainy and dry seasons for the plan of road elevation and erection method.

⑧ Construction Space The bridge plan shall be studied in consideration with no affect to road users for the limited construction yard.

⑨ Transportation for Construction

Transportation issues restrict length, height, and weight of bridge; members and materials shall be surveyed on the bridge plan.

⑩ Traffic safety during Construction

The bridge plan shall consider road users during construction work, erection of temporary bridge, and preparation of temporary yard.

⑪ Social Vulnerability Based on the results of a social condition survey, a bridge plan shall decide the sidewalk on the bridge and bridge composition with enough discussion with Indonesian side.


2) Flowchart of Bridge Plan

The selection process for the bridge type is shown in Figure 2-2-10.

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Figure 2-2-10 Flowchart for Selection Process for Bridge Type

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3) Plan for Selection of Bridge Location

(a) Selection Policy

The plan for the bridge location shall be selected based on the following policies:

Basic item:

Location considers approach road alignment for safe and smooth traffic.

Location allows construction space that does not disturb road users.

Item considered objective area:

Location does not require the removal of residences and buildings surrounding the previous Palu 4 Bridge.

Location does not hinder ZRB area.

Location considers a future tsunami dike alignment for the approach road.

(b) Study for Bridge Location

As the result of route selection (see Table 2-2-2), the alternative 1 has been selected. Thus, the bridge plan is carried out at the location.

(c) Study for Abutment Location and Bridge Length

There are no records of overflow in the vicinity of the pre-collapse positions of bridge piers. Therefore, the positions of the new abutments that will be constructed on both banks should be in the same positions as the former bridge piers or on the landward side of these positions from a safety standpoint, and the bridge length is set at 260m.

4) Study for Bridge Material and Bridge Type

(a) Bridge Type of Superstructure and Span Length

As mentioned above, the bridge length has been planned in 260 meters and span length is necessary to ensure more than 25 meters. Regarding the span in 260 meters, it is desirable that the span length is ensured more than 40 meters considering the flood-wood, other bulk trash and span length of existing bridge during monsoon.

The applicable bridge type under conditions of the circumstances is described below.

3-span: 2 x 75.0m + 110.0m = 260.0m (Box-type/deck-box-type Steel-girder bridge, Box-type PC-girder bridge)

5-span: 5 x 52.0m = 260.0m (I-type Steel-girder bridge, Box-type/deck-box-type Steel-girder bridge, Box-type PC-girder bridge）

The bridge type of superstructure and span length are shown in Table 2-2-10.

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Table 2-2-10 Bridge Type of Superstructure and Span Length

Source: Bridge Hand Manual

According to Table 2-2-10, steel I-typed girder and steel box-typed girder should be adopted the track crane or the launching girder as erection method. On the other hand, PC Bridge can be adopted the launching girder or the fixed typed support, however, the balanced cantilever method should be adopted considering erection equipment and economic efficiency.

(b) Span Type

As mentioned above, the objective bridge is studied for 3-span or 5-span. The comparison table for the span is shown in Table 2-2-11.

トラス橋

アーチ橋

20 40 60 80 100

鋼桁橋

Ｉ桁橋

箱桁橋

1/22～1/28

主桁高/支間長

1/7.0～10.0

スパンライズ比

1/5.3～76.3

1/16～1/22

1/20～1/30

Type Shape ElectionMethod

Span Ratio

Stee

l Brid

ge

Girder Type

I-typed

Box typed

Steel deck box typed

Truss Type

Arch Type

Truck Crane/ Launching

Truck Crane/Launching Launching

Truck Crane/Launching Launching

Tower Crane

Tower Crane

場所打ＲＣ

プレテン桁

Ｔ桁橋

床版橋

連結T桁橋

中空床版橋

箱桁橋固定支保工 1/16～1/22

ｸﾚｰﾝ架設

架設桁架設1/13～1/17

ｸﾚｰﾝ架設

固定支保工 1/20～1/24

1/14～1/25

1/8～1/11

20 40 60 80 100

RC

Pre- tension

Post- tension

(site product)

Type

T-typed

Shape Election Method

Slab typed

Fixed typed support/Launching

Span

Slab typed Fix typed support

Ratio

Box typed

Fix typed support

Connected T-typed

Con

cret

e B

ridge

Truck crane

Gantry crane/ erectiongirder

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Table 2-2-11 Comparison Table for Span Item 3-Span Type 5-Span Type

Span length (m) 75.0, 110.0, 75.0 5 x 52.0

Girder height (m) Steel I-type＊ - 3.0 (1/17)

Steel box-type＊ - - PC box-type＊ 3.0 (1/25), 72 (1/18), 3.0 3.5 (1/15)

Number of piers (No.) 2 4

Influence on the vertical road alignment

PC type is much longer than Steel type because of much higher girder height △

Steel type is much shorter than PC type

Influence on the substructure/construction period

Two large size piers, but not much influence on the construction period because of lesser piers than 5-Span Type

There are four piers and pier size is smaller than 3-Span Type, but much influence on the construction period because of more piers than 3-Span Type △

Total cost Almost similar cost with 5-Span Type

Almost similar cost with 3-Span Type

Total evaluation

: Highly effective, △: Effective, : Ineffective *: Steel I type: Ratio of Girder Height/Span Length, PC box type: Ratio of Girder Height/Span Length

As a result of comparison, 3-span and 5-span are competitive, thus, comprehensive study including bridge type should be carried out. The comparison for the span is described below.

(c) Selection of Bridge Type

The following bridge type has been selected by reference to Table 2-2-10.

Alternative 1: 3-span box-type PC-girder bridge 75.0m+110.0m+75.0m = 260.0 m Alternative 2: 5-span box-type PC-girder bridge 5 x 52.0 m = 260.0 m Alternative 3: 5-span I-type Steel-girder bridge 5 x 52.0 m = 260.0 m

(d) Comparison for Bridge Type

The comparison for selected bridge type is shown in Table 2-2-12.

As a result, alternative 1 (PC-Box Girder Bridge with variable depth) has been adopted from the viewpoint of the following reasons.

Aesthetic and symbolic views because of the wide center span and the variation of the girder height of the bridge

Separate construction work of the superstructure without approach roads

Cheapest maintenance cost

Possibility for using Japanese technology

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Tabl

e 2-

2-12

C

ompa

rison

Tab

le fo

r Brid

ge T

ype

Sour

ce: J

ICA

Stud

y Te

am

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5) Study for Type of Substructure and Foundation

(a) Depth of Bearing Layer

The formation level of the footing is especially important to keep from the scouring in the river. The N value of each abutment and pier is as below. The bearing layer is approximately 60m from the ground surface as shown in Figure 2-2-11.


Figure 2-2-11 Boring Log

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(b) Selection of Foundation Type

The results of geological survey indicated that a type of deep foundation must be selected to reach the

bearing layer. The possible types of deep foundation include pile foundation, caisson foundation, and

steel pipe sheet pile well foundation, and all of these types are appropriate for technology transfer

from Japan.

Table 2-2-13 Comparison Table for Foundation Type


The results of the comparisons, the pile foundation has been selected from the viewpoint of the

economic efficiency and construction period. The bridge type has been selected Box Girder and

center span has been planned 110m, thus, the load on the substructure is heavy.

Regarding the comparison for the pile type and diameter, the comparison tables are shown in Table

2-2-13 and Table 2-2-14.

The result of the comparison, the Cast-in-Place Concrete Pile dia.1800 is adopted considering the

conditions such as the economic efficiency and construction period.

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Table 2-2-14 Comparison Table for Pile Type and Diameter


(c) Installation Surface of Abutments and Piers

The footing installation surfaces for abutments and piers shall be determined based on the results of

topographic survey, paying attention to future plans for the riverbed surface.

The height of installation surface of substructure is shown in Figure 2-2-12.

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Earth Covering Abutments (A1/A2) Earth Covering of Piers (P1/P2)

Source: JICA Study Team Figure 2-2-12 Height for Installation Surface of Substructure

A1 Abutment

The abutment height will be approximately 14.0 m, and the use of inverted T-type abutments will be

possible. The embedment in the top face of footings shall be 0.5 m below the planned ground surface.

P1Pier

The embedment in the top face of footings shall be 2.0 m below the planned riverbed surface,

considering the effect of rivered souring, and protection with wire mats shall be used.

P2 Pier

The embedment in the top face of footings shall be 2.0 m below the planned riverbed surface,

considering the effect of riverbed scouring, and protection with wire mats shall be used.

A2 Abutment

The abutment height will be approximately 13.0 m, and the use of invert T-type abutments will be

possible. The embedment in the top face of footings shall be 0.5 m below the planned ground surface.

(d) Selection of Substructure Type

The substructure type should be selected by reference to Table 2-2-15 and Table 2-2-16. For the type

of abutments, we select inverted T-type abutments because the abutment height is in the range from

10.0 to 15.0 m. For the type of piers, we select wall-type piers with little influence on water flow,

because all piers will be located within the river.

Gabion

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Table 2-2-15 Selection of Abutment


Table 2-2-16 Selection of Pier


(3) Bridge Design

Previous Palu 4 Bridge had been as symbol of the Palu city before the disaster. However, the symbol has been lost due to the disaster. Besides, the logistics have been affected because the previous traffic mast detour the Palu I Bridge and the Palu III Bridge. Under the circumstances, Indonesian Government has requested to introduce the aesthetic of bridge as symbol of reconstruction. The study for the aesthetic of the bridge has been carried out considering the characteristics of Japanese Grant Project as shown in Table 2-2-17.

Abutment Type Height (m)

Remarks

T-Type

Rigid Frame Type

Box Type

Earth Pressure Relieved Type

Type

Height (m) Remarks

Column Type Wall Type

Rigid Frame Type (1 layer)

Rigid Frame Type (2 layers)

2 Columns Type

(Including hollow Type)

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Alternative 1: The special form is proposed in order to mitigate the oppressive feeling and bring harmony with the natural environment.

Alternative 2: The statue is proposed in order to improve the bridge space as a landmark.

Alternative 3: The balcony is proposed in order to ensure the space for scenery. Besides, the design will be improved by the balcony considering the aesthetic.

Alternative 4: The light up is proposed in order to beautify the bridge for night.

Table 2-2-17 Study for the esthetic of the bridge


As a result of the discussion in Japan, the alternative 3 has been selected among four alternatives. Thus, JICA Study Team will discuss the adoption of alternative 3 with Indonesian Government.

2-2-3 Outline Design Drawings

Outline design drawings including plan, profile, typical cross section, and general view of bridge are provided as below.

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

3 P

lan

(1)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

4 P

lan

(2)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

5 P

rofil

e (1

)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

6 P

rofil

e (2

)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

7 T

ypic

al C

ross

Sec

tion

(1)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

8 T

ypic

al C

ross

Sec

tion

(2)

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Figu

re 2

-2-1

9 G

ener

al V

iew

of B

ridge

(1)

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Figu

re 2

-2-2

0 G

ener

al V

iew

of B

ridge

(2)

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2-2-4 Implementation Plan

2-2-4-1 Implementation Policy

The Palu 4 Bridge is located in the river mouth area of the Palu River strongly affected by the tide level, and the project involves over-water work with the tidal range of approximately 2.8 m (water depth from 0.5 m to 3.3 m). The following describes the implementation policy for the bridge construction.

(1) Substructure

Because abutment construction will be performed on land, it will be general structure construction using self-standing cofferdam work or unsupported excavation. Pier construction will be performed on water, and the pile foundation and main frame construction works will be performed on temporary jetties. It should be noted that the cofferdam work for piers will be performed underwater, and it is necessary to take into consideration the impact of the water level with the daily tidal range of 2.8 m.


Figure 2-2-21 Construction for Substructure

(2) Superstructure

Because the work on bridge superstructure will be performed over the water, supporting work involving the construction of gantries will be uneconomical and will require long work period, and the use of cantilevered construction making use of P1 and P2 piers will be advantageous. The supply of materials will be provided using a temporary jetty.

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Figure 2-2-22 Construction for Superstructure

2-2-4-2 Implementation Considerations

(1) Construction Period

Because the Government of Indonesia requests for early completion of work, it is necessary to perform work both from the right bank and the left bank simultaneously. The period of work is assumed to be 20 months at the present, as shown in Figure 2-2-23. However, because geological explorations have not been completed at the time of this assumption, it may change in the detailed design.


Figure 2-2-23 Construction Period

(2) Construction on the water

It is necessary to keep in mind that the coffering work for pier construction is performed in the river mouth area of the Palu River, and the water depth changes between 0.5 m and 3.3 m.

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(3) Approach Road

The approach road areas will have the banking height of 0-11 m, and they are expected to have relatively soft soil. The measures against subsidence of foundation structures and other necessary measures will be considered after the completion of geological explorations.

(4) Characteristic of Construction Site

The construction site is on Sulawesi Island, and large special construction machines must be procured from Java Island or a third country. Attention must be paid to the influence of transportation on work period. In addition, while general workers can be recruited from Sulawesi Island, special skilled workers must be procured from Java Island or a third country.

2-2-4-3 Scope of Works

When this project is conducted through Japanese grant aid, the division of responsibilities between Japan and Indonesia concerning construction work shall be as follows.

(1) Implementation by Japan

Transportation of materials and equipment from Japan or a third country to the port of discharge

Land transport from the port of discharge in Indonesia or the source of materials and equipment to the site

Construction of slope collapse countermeasures and road restoration work indicated in the design drawings

Construction and removal of work bases, work yards, and camps associated with the construction work

Procurement of materials, equipment, and workforce needed for the construction work

Work management services needed for the construction work

Consultant services needed for the implementation of the project

(2) Implementation by Indonesia

Acquisition of and compensation for the land needed for the implementation of this project, the procedures for relocation of public facilities and obstacles within the site, and the work for relocation.

Coordination with relevant authorities and obtaining permissions and authorization concerning the installation of facilities. In particular, agreement with DHR.

A/P notification and fee payment to the Japanese bank according to Banking Arrangements

Exemption from customs duties and exemption from customs clearance fees concerning the products landed at the port

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Exempting Japanese persons from the payment of customs duties, domestic taxes, and value-added tax on the products and services procured within the framework of the certification contract

Relocation of electric power, water supply, drainage, and other facilities to the vicinity of the site. Coordination with relevant authorities and obtaining permission and authorization concerning installation, supply of electricity to lighting and signalling facilities, etc.

Road maintenance in the maintenance segments other than the segments to be improved by the Japanese side

As necessary, improvement work on existing roads after the completion of the construction work conducted by the Japanese side

Appropriate use and maintenance of the facilities constructed through this grant aid cooperation

Paying the expenses needed for the construction of facilities other than the expenses covered by this grant aid cooperation

2-2-4-4 Consultant Supervision

For the implementation of this project, the first steps are the Exchange of Notes (E/N) between the Governments of Japan and Indonesia and the conclusion of the Grant Agreement (G/A) between JICA and the Government of Indonesia. After the conclusion of the above, the consultant and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (hereinafter referred to as PU), which is the implementing agency on the Indonesian side, enter into the consultant service agreement regarding the implementation design, tender assistance services, and construction supervision based on the letter of recommendation issued by JICA. The matters contained in the consultant agreement are as follows.

(1) Preparation of Bidding Documents

To prepare bidding contract documents based on the results of the present study report and obtain the approval of PU. The bidding contract includes the following matters.

Design drawings and quantities

Bidding instructions, construction contract (draft), and technical specifications

(2) Tender Assistance

The consultant assists PU in conducting the bid for the construction work. The tender assistance service includes the following matters.

Bid announcement

Prequalification examination

Bid evaluation

Contract negotiation

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(3) Construction Supervision

Following the JICA’s approval of the construction contract, the consultant issues the notice to proceed to the constructor and begins construction supervision services. In the construction supervision services, the consultant provides reports on the progress of construction directly to PU, Japanese embassy in the country, etc. For the constructor, the consultant performs the official activities concerning the progress of work, product quality, safety, and payments, and makes proposals for technical improvement of work.

In addition, the consultant conducts coordination and consultation with JICA, the Japanese embassy in the country, and the Government of Indonesia as necessary. The main contents of services are as shown in Table 2-2-18.

Table 2-2-18 Construction Supervision Plan

Division Contents of Service ① Approval of work

execution plan and working drawings

To verify that the work execution plan, construction schedule, and working drawings conform to the contract, contract drawings, specifications, etc. and give approval.

② Process supervision To receive the report of work progress from the constructor and give orders necessary to ensure the timely completion of construction.

③ Quality supervision To inspect the conformity of construction materials and work execution to contract drawings and specifications and give approval.

④ Output supervision To inspect as-built cross-sections, planar shapes, etc. to verify that the as-built products conform to the supervision standard and also to confirm quantities.

⑤ Issuance of certificates To necessary certificates regarding the constructor payment, completion of work, end of warranty period, etc.

⑥ Submission of reports To inspect the monthly work reports, as-built drawings, as-built photographs, etc. prepared by the constructor and submit them to the Government of Indonesia and JICA. In addition, to produce the report of completion submit it to JICA after the completion of construction.


2-2-4-5 Quality Control Plan

Quality control shall be conducted based on the specifications developed in the project. The specifications shall be in accordance to AASHTO or the Japanese standards and test methods. The quality control plan (draft) is shown in Table 2-2-19, and the as-built management plan (draft) is shown in Table 2-2-20.

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Table 2-2-19 Quality Control Plan

Work Objective Inspection, Test for Supervision , etc. Frequency of Inspection and Test

Earthwork, asphalt pavement work, roadbed, subgrade, filling of structures

Materials management

CBR test, soil quality test (specific gravity, grain size, moisture content, liquidity & plastic limit, density), lubricant test (specific gravity, grain size, strength, water absorption), bituminous materials (quality certificate, component analysis table)

Before work

Routine management

Compaction density test, moisture content, bituminous materials (stability, flow value, percentage of voids, Marshall test, temperature)

Shortly after work Once daily for each layer in each work area

Concrete work Batcher plant Weighing equipment: mixing performance, static load test; batching control board: dynamic load test, mixing performance

Before work, monthly (every 3 months for loading tests)

Materials Cement, water: tests using standard conformity certificates. Fine aggregate & coarse aggregate tests, grading, specific gravity, water absorption, unit weight, durability, alkali-aggregate reaction

Before work and when a different material is used

Concrete standard tests

Test mixing to determine composition. Slump, air content, temperature, test piece strength

Before work

Routine management

Fresh concrete: air content, slump, temperature First 5 consecutive units and thereafter at 50 m3 intervals, and when test pieces are made

Placement of concrete: placement method, compacting, position of construction joint, curing method, treatment of laitance

Witness inspection at the time of placement

Concrete test piece: test for compressive strength of test piece. Preparation of concrete control chart

Test pieces are made once daily; 7 days and 28 days after placement

Rebar and prestressing steel

Materials Rebar and prestressing steel are confirmed by mill sheets from the manufacturers. Quality, tensile strength, bending tests

Before work

Installation inspection & routine management

Tests are conducted on the built assembly in terms of: material size, dimensions, allocation, lap length, cover, condition of fixation, treatment of construction joint

Before concrete work: 100% inspection for each segment of concrete placement

Tensioning of prestressing steel

Confirmation of concrete strength

Compressive strength of concrete test piece Before tensioning

Tensioning device

Calibration of jacks and pumps Before tensioning. For every 50 cables tensioned and when the combination of tensioning devices is changed

Test tensioning According to tension control chart Before final tensioning Tension control Control of individual cables

Control of groups of cables Control of transverse prestressing steel

At the time of tensioning Tension control chart

PC grout Mix design Consistency, bleeding rate, expansion rate, strength, total salt

Before use

Routine management

Consistency, temperature Once daily, for every 5 batchesBleeding rate, expansion rate, compressive strength

Once daily


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Table 2-2-20 As-Built Management Plan

Work Process Item Standard Value Remarks

Earthwork Roadbed Planned height 5cm At 40m intervals Width -10cm or more 〃

Base course Planned height ±4cm(±2.5cm) or more 〃

Finished thickness -4.5cm(-2.5cm)or more 〃

Width -5cm or more 〃

Pavement Asphalt pavement

Width ±4cm or more 〃

Thickness -1.5cm or more 〃 Mean of 10 data

Foundation work Crusher-run unscreened gravel, crushed stone, rubble, leveling concrete

Width Design value or more Thickness -30mm Elongation

Depends on each structure

H section steel, steel pile

Standard height ±50mm Embedment length Design value or more Eccentricity Within D/4 and within

100mm

Inclination Within 1/100 Rebar work Assembly Average interval ±Φ Φ: rebar diameter

Cover ±Φ and no less than the minimal required cover Φ: rebar diameter

Concrete structure (retaining wall work)

Standard height ±50mm For each 40m/1 place Thickness -20mm For each 40m/1 place

Width -30mm For each 40m/1 place

Height -50mm For each 40m/1 place

Elongation -200mm 40m/1 work area


2-2-4-6 Procurement Plan

(1) Construction Materials

While prestressing cables will be imported from Japan or a third country, other construction materials such as concrete and asphalt materials can be procured in Indonesia. Table 2-2-21 lists the sources of main materials procured.

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Table 2-2-21 Procurement List of Materials

Construction Material Local Procurement From Japan From Third

Country Remarks

Steel

Prestressing steel

Rebar (D13~D32)

Rebar (D36~D50) Custom-made locally

H section steel

Cement

Asphalt concrete

Ready-mixed concrete

Crushed stone & sand

Form materials

Steel form

Timbering & scaffolding materials

Hume pipe


1) Concrete

Concrete can be supplied from the ready-mixed concrete factory “PT.UTAMA BETON,” which is located approximately 50 km northeast of the mouth of the Palu River.

2) Bitumen and Asphalt

In the vicinities of Palu City, asphalt mixtures for pavement work can be supplied without problems from “PT.Asbuton Jaya Abadi.”

3) Steel Materials

H section steel and other types of steel materials will be procured manly from Jakarta. There is no problem in supply.

4) Aggregate

There are several quarries, such as “PT.Watu Merida Jaya” located 15 km northwest of the mouth of the Palu River. There is no problem in the supply of aggregates.

5) Location of Procurement

The location of procurement is shown in Figure 2-2-24.

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Figure 2-2-24 Location of Procurement

(2) Construction Machines

The general-purpose machines used in this project will be procured from Indonesia as a rule. Table 2-2-22 lists the sources of main equipment procured.

Table 2-2-22 Procurement List of Machines

Construction Machine Local Procurement From Japan From Third

Country Remarks

Dump truck Backhoe Bulldozer Truck crane Asphalt finisher Tire roller Vibration roller Large breaker Engine-generator Crawler crane Pile driver (reverse method φ1,500mm) Vibro hammer


(3) Labour Service

1) Outline

Subcontractors are expected to be Indonesian construction companies with offices in Jakarta. It is considered that the workforce needed for this project can be procured in Indonesia through subcontractors.

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The statute concerning wages includes the revised Labour Law, as well as the Ordinance of the Minister for Labour Standards defining overtime work and overtime wages and “the Government Regulation No. 78 of 2015 on Wages” stipulating the percentage of increase in minimum wages.

The statute concerning employment conditions states that main work conditions must be defined in employment contracts according to the Labour Law. Main work conditions include wages, working hours, holidays, rest breaks, retirement payments, bonuses, etc.

2) Civil Engineers

According to the survey conducted in August 2018 by Statistics Indonesia, there are 131 million persons in the worker population in Indonesia (including approximately 7 million unemployed). Approximately 8.7 million persons (6.69% of the working population) are engaging in the construction industry. Of these workers, approximately 1 million persons are in regular employment. On the other hand, there are approximately 150,000 construction companies in Indonesia. Because there are approximately 8.7 million construction workers and 150,000 construction companies in Indonesia, it is considered it is possible to secure a sufficient workforce. While there are plenty of workers, the ratio of graduates from colleges or higher schools in the working population is low at 4.29% in the sum of men and women, and a problem may be pointed out that the human resources with specialized basic knowledge and skills are limited.

3) Labourers from Third Country

The employment of workers from a third country is stipulated in the Labour Law, Chapter VII, Articles from 42 to 49. Workers from a third country must obtain permission of the Ministry of Labour and other authorities to be employed in Indonesia. Furthermore, employment of them is limited to specific positions and periods, the relevant foreigners are required to satisfy rules on job positions and competence standards. Workers from a third country are allowed to be employed only in managerial and professional positions that cannot be filled by workers in Indonesia.

2-2-4-7 Implementation Schedule

Table 2-2-23 shows the implementation schedule (draft) based on the results of this study. After the completion of this study, the project will proceed with implementation design services, including detailed design and preparation of bidding documents, and then construction supervision services, including tender and construction.

The implementation design begins with the field survey, which is followed by work in Japan, including detailed design and the preparation of specifications and bidding documents. Subsequently, explanation is given to the Indonesian side concerning the detailed design. Construction supervision services that follow include tender assistance and the work related to constructor contract, This process will take 7 months.

On the other hand, construction work takes approximately 20 months in total. Bridge substructure work, bridge superstructure work, road civil engineering work, pavement work, etc. are executed in this period.

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Table 2-2-23 Implementation Schedule (Tentative)


2-3 Obligation of Recipient Country

The obligations of the Indonesian side in this project shall be as follows.

(1) General Matters

Banking arrangements

Authorization to Pay (A/P) notification and payment of fees

(2) Project Implementation

Acquisition of land for construction, leasing of land for temporary work, compensation for relocation of properties, and removal/relocation of obstacles

Coordination with relevant authorities and obtaining permissions and authorization concerning the installation of facilities

Exemption of imported products from customs duties and exemption from customs clearance fees

To provide Japanese personnel with necessary convenience concerning the transport of products

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and services into the country arranged within the framework of the certification contract

To exempt Japanese personnel from the payment of customs duties, domestic taxes, and value-added tax on the products and services procured within the framework of the certification contract

Coordination with relevant authorities and obtaining permissions and authorization concerning relocation/installation of electric power, water supply, drainage, and other ancillary facilities (including the supply of electricity to lighting facilities) to the vicinity of the site

Road maintenance in the maintenance segments other than the segments to be improved by the Japanese side

As necessary, improvement work on existing roads after the completion of the construction work conducted by the Japanese side

Appropriate use and maintenance of the facilities constructed through this grant aid cooperation

Paying the expenses needed for the construction of facilities other than the expenses covered by this grant aid cooperation

(3) Other

Tender method and contract method according to the grant aid cooperation guidelines of Japan

Contract with the Japanese consultant that performs implementation design and construction supervision

Construction contract with the Japanese constructor

2-4 Project Operation Plan

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance System

Bridge maintenance is extremely important for the prolonged stable operation of the Balu 4 Bridge. The maintenance of this bridge will be conducted by Bina Marga under PU. See Figure 1-1-1 and Figure 1-1-2 for organization charts.

2-4-2 Operation and Maintenance Methods

For bridge maintenance, the diagnosis of integrity will be conducted at 5-year intervals as follows. Based on the results of integrity diagnosis of members, necessary measures will be taken to ensure the efficient maintenance and repair of the bridge.

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a) Integrity Evaluation Criteria

Division Condition

I Healthy A condition causing no problem in the function of the structure.

II Preventive maintenance stage There is no problem in the function of the structure, but an action is desirable from the viewpoint of preventive maintenance.

III Early action stage There is a possibility of a problem in the function of the structure, and an action should be taken early.

IV Emergency action stage A problem has occurred, or very likely to occur, in the function of the structure, and an action should be taken immediately.

b) Integrity Evaluation Units

Superstructure Substructure Bearings Other

Main girder Cross beam Floor slab

c) Types of Abnormality

Type of Materials Type of Abnormality

Steel member Corrosion, fissure, breaking, other

Concrete member Cracking, floor slab cracking, other

Other Malfunction of bearings, other

2-5 Project Cost Estimation

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation

2-5-1-1 Obligation of Japan

The implementation of the project will require a total cost of 2.5 billion yen, and the breakdown of the

expenses to be borne by Japan is estimated to be as shown in Table 2-5-1, based on the estimation

conditions given below. However, this amount does not indicate the limit of grant as described in the

Exchange of Notes (E/N).

Table 2-5-1 Project Cost (Japanese Obligation)

Confidential


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2-5-1-2 Obligation of Recipient Country

The items of expenditures and amounts to be borne by Indonesia are shown in Table 2-5-2.

Table 2-5-2 Item and Cost of Recipient Country

Item to be borne Content Amount to be borne (million yen)

Amount to be borne (IDR) Remarks

Bank fees 2.00 300,000,000 Land acquisition cost 110.00 8,250,000,000 29,400 m2

Facility relocation cost Power pole Electric cable 5.00 750,000,000

Total 117.00 9,300,000,000

*Above items and costs will be determined after completion of environmental survey, thus, their cost will be tentative. Source: JICA Study Team

2-5-1-3 Conditions for Cost Estimates

Time of estimation: April 2019

Exchange rate : 1 USD (TTS rate) = 111.62 yen : IDR (TTS rate) = 0.006607 yen

Construction & procurement periods: See Table 3-2 20

Other: Estimation is conducted based on the scheme for the grant aid cooperation of the Government of Japan.

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost

The main part of the maintenance services for the bridge reconstructed through this project will involve the need for regular bridge inspection, routine inspection of retaining walls, work on slope face, weeding, cleaning and repair of draining facilities, repair of pavement, and other work. The frequency various types of inspection shall be once yearly for regular inspection, once weekly for routine inspection, and once in the 7th year for replacement of pavement as a rule.

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Table 2-5-3 Operation and Maintenance

Item Frequency Inspected parts Content of work Estimated cost remarks

Routine inspection Once/week

Bridge Retaining wall structure Draining facilities Road shoulder, slope face Pavement

Visual Visual Debris removal Weeding Repair of cracks and potholes

7,500000 IDR/week

Regular inspection Once/year

Bridge Retaining wall structure Traffic safety facilities Road shoulder, slope face Pavement

Visual, hammering Visual, surveying, hammering Repainting of road markings and signs Repainting of safety fences Visual, measurement, observation

75,000,000 IDR/year

Repaving Once/7 years Pavement Replacement of pavement 4,500,000,000 IDR/7

years

Sum of maintenance cost needed every year

90,000,000 IDR/years

Sum of maintenance cost needed once in 5 years 4500,000,000 IDR/5 years

Sum of maintenance cost needed once in 7 years 4,500,000,000 IDR/7 years


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Chapter 3 Project Evaluation

3-1 Preconditions

The preconditions for project implementation are as follows. In addition, the relocation and removal of obstacle properties, as well as compensation and the written approval of relevant authorities, need to be started after E/N and completed before the announcement of prequalification examination of constructors as a rule.

Land acquisition is necessary for the implementation of this project. Details are described in “2-2-3-2 Land Acquisition and Relocation of Inhabitants” of this report. Land acquisition and compensation must be completed before the announcement of bid for the construction work.

The project requires assistance and cooperation in customs clearance procedures for procured materials and equipment, which may cause delay in construction work, as well as prompt implementation of tax exemption procedures. In addition, tender method and contract method according to the grant aid cooperation guidelines must be observed. These matters that should be performed by PU are described in detail in “3-3 Outline of Obligations of Recipient Country” of this report.

After the completion of the construction work in this project, the Indonesian side needs to conduct maintenance to ensure smooth traffic and the safety of the reconstructed bridge. Maintenance includes routine inspections and regular inspections, and it is important to make appropriate repair in a timely manner when any damage is found. Therefore, it is necessary to execute maintenance on an ongoing basis by securing personnel and budget needed for operation and maintenance. These matters that should be conducted by PU and Bina Marga are described in detail in “3-4 Project Operation and Maintenance Plan” of this report.

3-2 Necessary Inputs by Recipient Country

The recipient country should address the following matters to realize and sustain project effects.

For the purpose of ensuring smooth execution of this project, the Indonesian side should secure the budget in advance as described in “2-3 Outline of Obligations of Recipient Country” of this report.

For the purpose of securing the function of the facilities constructed in this project, the Indonesian side should assign personnel who take charge of annual budgeting and maintenance work after the completion of this project as described in “2-4 Project Operation and Maintenance Plan” of this report.

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3-2

3-3 Important Assumptions

To realize and sustain project effects, it is necessary to ensure safe and stable traffic through appropriate operation and maintenance of roads not only on the Palu 4 Bridge reconstructed in this project but also throughout the bayside road.

3-4 Project Evaluation

3-4-1 Relevance

(1) Consistency with Upper Level Plans in Indonesia

Indonesia has been formulating 5-year development plans starting from the National Long-term Development Plan in 2004, and the proposals in these plans have been implemented. The current plan is the 3rd National Development Plan (2015-2019).

Development plans have been implemented based on their planning visions, and the 3rd National Development Plan has established three execution strategies with outputs defined for each indicator. This project takes place during the period of the 3rd National Development Plan, which includes the inter-national connectivity enhancement strategy exemplified by the implementation of the Sumatra-Java Corridor programme. It is the corridor programme to develop connections from Banda Aceh in the northern part of Sumatra and Lampung in the southern part, as well as from Merek in the western part of Java to Ketapang in the eastern part.

The Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme, which plans to develop connection from Manado in the northern part of Sulawesi Island to Makassar in the southern part, has been implemented on Sulawesi Island, where this project is implemented. The segment from Manado to Palu was opened to traffic during the period from 2012 to 2016, and the segment from Palu to Makassar is planned to be developed in the future. Palu City, where this project is conducted, is located in the Central Sulawesi Province, which is an area forming a part of the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme in the framework of the 3rd National Development Plan. Although national roads are constructed to pass through Palu City in the east-west direction, there is only one national road crossing the Palu River flowing through the city, and the need for the expansion of traffic capacity is an important issue in this situation. One of the purposes of this project is to strengthen the road network for traffic in the east-west direction.

This project, therefore, is in line with the policies of the upper level plans of Indonesia.

(2) Consistency with Assistance Policy in Japan

A basic policy of Japan is to implement high-quality infrastructure development for the purpose of supporting the economic development of Indonesia. This project intends to reconstruct the Palu 4 Bridge using the design standards of Japan in the former site of the Palu 4 Bridge that collapsed during the earthquake in September 2018. The collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge, which had been essential to the traffic in the east-west direction in Palu City, made it necessary to reestablish traffic in the east-west direction.

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3-3

The reconstruction will make it possible to reestablish traffic in the east-west direction as before the collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge. Although inter-city national roads are constructed in the city in the road development plan for Central Sulawesi Province, there is only one national road crossing the Palu River in the east-west direction, and the strengthening of the road network in the east-west direction is therefore important for the improvement of convenience of inter-city transport. For the future, the use of seismic design according to the Japanese standards in Indonesia, where the development and implementation of earthquake resistance standards is insufficient, will lead to the provision of high-quality infrastructure development.

This project, therefore, is in line with the assistance guidelines and policies of Japan.

(3) Urgency of the Project

The Provinces in Sulawesi have been implementing the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme, which is planned to connect the northern city of Manado to the southern city of Makassar, in the Third National Development Programme. The segment from Manado to Palu in the project area has been opened to traffic by fiscal year 2016. For the future, the programme is planned to proceed with the opening of the segment from Palu to Makassar.

In Palu City, which is the target area of the project implementation, the Palu 3 Bridge located approximately 800 m south of the fallen Palu 4 Bridge can be used only by the traffic from east to west. Similarly, the Palu 1 Bridge located approximately 1,600 m to the south can be travelled only from west to east. The only bridge that can carry two-way traffic is Palu 2 Bridge located approximately 4,200 m to the south. Thus, the collapse of the Palu 4 Bridge has made it an urgent issue to establish the traffic in the east-west direction, as the traffic in the coastal area is forced to detour southwards in the present situation.

This project is expected to help re-establish the traffic in the east-west direction in Palu City, to play an important role in the implementation of the Greater Sulawesi Corridor Programme by enhancing the inter-city road network, and also to contribute to economic recovery and development through improvement of physical distribution.

(4) Introduction of Japanese Advanced Technologies

Japan and Indonesia share common characteristics that they are adjacent to plate boundaries and active volcanos exist in densely populated areas. While infrastructure development and construction of housing complexes in Japan are conducted according to earthquake resistance standards, the suburban areas of Indonesia are still populated with many brick buildings without sufficient earthquake countermeasures. In addition, there are few researchers and experts specializing in earthquakes Indonesia, and the development and implementation of earthquake resistance standards have not been sufficient.

Japan is affected by many natural disasters, which include not only earthquakes but also typhoons, floods, and landslides. In particular, it is a country of many earthquakes, recording 20% of magnitude 6 or

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3-4

stronger earthquakes in the world. Making use of lessons learned from previous earthquakes, bridges in Japan have been improved through various measures such as the revision of standards and installation of collapse prevention structure and equipment in response to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake that occurred in 1995. The use of seismic design according to the standards developed in Japan, which is a country with many earthquakes, will lead to technology transfer to Indonesia, which is also affected by frequent earthquakes, and is believed to contribute to the future development of earthquake resistance standards.

(5) Beneficial Population

Since this project involves the road crossing the Palu River achieving east-west connection, the users of this project (direct beneficiary population) are estimated to be extensive. However, if we limit it to the area within Palu City, where the Palu 4 Bridge is constructed, the number will be approximately 380.000 persons.

Table 3-4-1 Beneficial Population

District Population

2016 2017 Palu Barat 61,424 62,293 Tatanga 39,369 39,997 Ulujadi 27,319 27,763 Palu Selatan 69,492 70,571 Palu Timur 70,378 71,452 Mantikulore 62,822 63,804 Palu Utara 22,834 23,196 Tawaeli 20,382 20,706

Total 374,020 379,782


3-4-2 Effectiveness

(1) Quantitative Effects

Quantitative effects of this Project are shown in Table 3-4-2.

The detours to Palu 3 Bridge (west-bound traffic) and Palu 1 Bridge (east-bound traffic) are eliminated, and two-way two-lane traffic will become possible.

Travel distance will be shortened by 1.2 km for west-bound traffic and by 1.8 km for east-bound traffic as compared with the detour routes.

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Table 3-4-2 Quantitative Effects of the Project

Indicators Current (2016)

3 years after project completion (2024)

Lane Number - 2 lanes Operation - 2-way (1 lane for each direction)

Travel Distance (Palu-Donggala Road ~ Munif

Rahman Road) *1

Bound for West: 6.1km Bound for East: 6.8km

Bound for West: 4.9km Bound for East: 4.9km

*1: The routes in 2019 are assumed to pass the Palu 3 Bridge for west-bound traffic and the Palu 1 Bridge for east-bound traffic, because the collapsed Palu 4 Bridge is unavailable.


(2) Qualitative Effects

Improvement on Living surrounding the Project Site

The implementation of this project will strengthen the road network, improve accessibility in the area, improve physical distribution, and provide places of refuge in the event of a tsunami, contributing to the improvement of the living conditions and safety of local inhabitants.

Acceleration of Economic Activities surrounding the Project Site

The implementation of this project is expected to eliminate traffic restrictions, facilitate traffic and physical distribution, and revitalize the exchange of people and goods, and the bridge reconstructed in this project will also be a symbol of recovery, contributing to the development and promotion of local economy.

Reduction of Traffic Accidents

The construction of a two-way two-lane road according to the Indonesian standards will provide safe and stable road infrastructure, contributing to the reduction of traffic accidents.

Reduction of Maintenance Cost

The use of seismic design incorporating Japanese standards and technologies is expected to improve disaster resilience, enable cost reduction in large-scale repair, and lead to the effective use of limited budget.

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APPENDIX

May 2019



II-3-7-167

II-3-7-168


Appendix-1

Appendix

Environmental Checklist: Bridge

Cate

gory

Environmental Item Main Check Items

Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A

Confirmation of Environmental Considerations (Reasons, Mitigation Measures)

1.

Perm

its a

nd E

xpla

natio

n

(1) EIA and Environmental Permits

(a) Have EIA reports been already prepared in official process?

(b) Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host country's government?

(c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions are imposed on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions satisfied?

(d) In addition to the above approvals, have other required environmental permits been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the host country's government?

(a) N (b) N (c) N (d) N

(a) The project is required to prepare the UKL-UPL report under the Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of Environment. The project implementation body, Balai BINA MARGA, is preparing the UKL-UPL report with the support of JST. It will be approved at the end of August 2019.

(b) Ditto (c) Incidental conditions will become apparent

upon UKL-UPL approval. (d) Not applicable.

(2) Explanation to the Local Stakeholders

(a) Have contents of the project and the potential impacts been adequately explained to the Local stakeholders based on appropriate procedures, including information disclosure? Is understanding obtained from the Local stakeholders?

(b) Have the comment from the stakeholders (such as local residents) been reflected to the project design?

(a) Y (b) Y

(a) At the end of June 2019, a stakeholder meeting will be held by Balai BINA MARGA as project implementation agency and Palu City as the land acquisition responsible agency.

(b) Comments in the stakeholder meeting will be reflected in the project contents.

(3) Examination of Alternatives

(a) Have alternative plans of the project been examined with social and environmental considerations?

(a) Y (a) From January 2019, alternatives such as the location of the target project and road structure were proposed and were compared including environmental and social items. The reconstruction of the existing broken bridge as a priority project was selected in February 2019. As a result of comparing the three plans of the bridge location and the case without the project, the existing project was selected as the best alternative.

2.

Pollu

tion

(1) Air quality

(a) Is there a possibility that air pollutants emitted from the project related sources, such as vehicles traffic will affect ambient air quality? Does ambient air quality comply with the country’s air quality standards? Are any mitigating measures taken?

(b) If air quality already exceed country s standards near the route, is there a possibility that the project will make air pollution worse?

(a) N (b) N

(a) The project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake. Air quality condition in the project area is unlikely to degrade more than before the earthquake.

(b) Ditto

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Appendix-2

Cate

gory


Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A


(2) Water

Quality

(a) Is there a possibility that soil runoff from the bare lands resulting from earthmoving activities, such as cutting and filling will cause water quality degradation in downstream water areas?

(b) Is there a possibility that the project will contaminate water sources,such as well water?

(a) Y (b) N

(a) A possibility that turbid water may be generated by embankment work of access road and bridge pier work(excavation) in the riverbed. The planned location is the closest to the river mouth, and turbidity water may occur in the inner part of the Palu Bay.

(b) The planned location is the closest to the river mouth. In the project area, no impact as wells and surface water are not used as water sources.

(3) Noise and Vibration

(a) Do noise and vibrations from the vehicle and train traffic comply with the country’s standards?

(b) Do low frequency sound from the vehicle and train traffic comply with the country’s standards?

(a) Y (b) Y

(a) The project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake. Noise and Vibration condition in the project area is unlikely to degrade more than before the earthquake.

(b) The project bridge is about 260 m long and has two girders. The impact on low frequencies is not significant by the project.

3.

Nat

ural

Env

ironm

ent

(1) Protected Areas

(a) Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the country s laws or international treaties and conventions? Is there a possibility that the project will affect the protected areas?

(a) N (a) The project area has a sufficient distance from the protected area and no negative impact on protected area is to be anticipated.

(2) Ecosystem

(a) Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal flats)?

(b) Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of endangered species designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions?

(c) If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are adequate protection measures taken to reduce the impacts on the ecosystem?

(d) Are adequate protection measures taken to prevent impacts, such as disruption of migration routes, habitat fragmentation, and traffic accident of wildlife and livestock?

(e) Is there a possibility that installation of bridges and access roads will cause impacts, such as destruction of forest, poaching, desertification,reduction in wetland areas, and disturbance of ecosystems due to introduction of exotic (non-native invasive) species and pests? Are adequate measures for preventing such impacts considered?

(a) N (b) N (c) N (d) N (e) N

(a) Not applicable. (b) Not applicable. (c) The significant ecological impact is not to

be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(d) The significant impact on disruption of migration routes, habitat fragmentation, and traffic accident of wildlife and livestock is not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake. It is planned to carry out the construction in the river during the construction period without changing the river. Significant impact on the sustainable survival of aquatic organisms is not expected.

(e) The project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake. Therefore, the existence of the reconstruction bridge will not cause new deforestation and other effects.

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Appendix-3

Cate

gory


Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A


(3) Hydrology

(a) Is there a possibility that hydrologic changes due to the installation of structures will adversely affect surface water and groundwater flows?

(a) N (a) The significant impact on surface water and groundwater flows by hydrologic changes due to the installation of structures will is not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(4) Topography

and Geology

(a) Is there any soft ground on the route that may cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides, where needed?

(b) Is there a possibility that civil works, such as cutting and filling will cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides?

(c) Is there a possibility that soil runoff will result from cut and fill areas, waste soil disposal sites, and borrow sites? Are adequate measures taken to prevent soil runoff?

(a) N (b) N (c) N

(a) The slope failures and landslides by the project are not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(b) The slope failures and landslides by civil works are not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(c) The soil runoff from cut and fill areas, waste soil disposal sites, and borrow sites are not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

4.

Soci

al e

nviro

nmen

t

(1) Resettlement

(a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? If involuntary resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts caused by the resettlement?

(b) Is adequate explanation on compensation and resettlement assistance given to affected people prior to resettlement?

(c) Is the resettlement plan, including compensation with full replacement costs, restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based on socioeconomic studies on resettlement?

(d) Are the compensations going to be paid prior to the resettlement?

(e) Are the compensation policies prepared in document?

(f) Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to vulnerable groups or people, including women, children, the elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and indigenous people

(g) Are agreements with the affected people obtained prior to resettlement?

(h) Is the organizational framework established to properly implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to implement the plan?

(a) N (b) Y (c) Y (d) Y (e) Y (f) N/A (g) N/A (h) Y (i) Y (j) Y

(a) Right bank area will use the existing ROW, no impact on residential buildings and no involuntary resettlement will occur. Left bank area will use the affected area by the tsunami disaster as the project site. As houses located at the project site on the left bank already have been destroyed by the tsunami disaster. Therefore, removal of buildings by the project and involuntary resettlement does not occur.

(b) The project will not cause the resettlement, but small scale land acquisition will be required. Negotiation of land acquisition for the project is likely to be conducted individually due to scale by land acquisition section of Palu City. Regarding compensation and necessary support, an appropriate explanation will be implemented based on the Indonesian law and JICA guidelines in the stakeholder meeting in the site.

(c) The project will not cause the resettlement, but small scale land acquisition will be required. The land acquisition will be implemented appropriately based on Indonesian law and JICA guidelines.

(d) Based on Indonesian law, payment of compensation is expected to be made prior to the transfer of land rights.

(e) Negotiation of land acquisition for the project is likely to be conducted individually due to scale by land acquisition section of Palu City. If land acquisition plan will not be prepared, JET will recommend to Palu City preparing a written description of the individual compensation policy.

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Appendix-4

Cate

gory


Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A


(i) Are any plans developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement?

(j) Is the grievance redress mechanism established?

(f) The project will not cause the resettlement.(g) The project will not cause the resettlement.(h) Palu City as responsible section of land

acquisition is preparing for the set of the organization and budgetary arrangement for public work. Palu City mayor has promised to the land acquisition by Palu City, and procedures and budget arrangement will be properly implemented.

(i) Monitoring of land acquisition procedure will be implemented under Indonesian law/UKL-UPL report.

(j) Grievance redress mechanism will be established based on Indonesian law/UKL-UPL report.

(2) Living and Livelihood

(a) Where bridges and access roads are newly installed, is there a possibility that the project will affect the existing means of transportation and the associated workers? Is there a possibility that the project will cause significant impacts, such as extensive alteration of existing land uses, changes in sources of livelihood, or unemployment? Are adequate measures considered for preventing these impacts?

(b) Is there any possibility that the project will adversely affect the living conditions of the inhabitants other than the target population? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary?

(c) Is there any possibility that diseases, including infectious diseases,such as HIV will be brought due to immigration of workers associated with the project? Are adequate considerations given to public health, if necessary?

(d) Is there any possibility that the project will adversely affect road traffic in the surrounding areas (e.g., increase of traffic congestion and traffic accidents)?

(e) Is there any possibility that project will impede the movement of inhabitants?

(f) Is there any possibility that bridges will cause a sun shading and radio interference?

(a) N (b) N (c) Y (d) Y (e) Y/N (f) N

(a) Not applicable. The project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(b) The significant impact on living condition due to the project will is not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(c) UKL-UPL report will propose the contents of adequate consideration for standard public health for road and bridge construction.

(d) During the construction phase, the existing roads will need to be closed and circumscribed. The closure will affect the traffic condition on the surrounding roads. During the operation phase, road traffic in the surrounding area will be improved because the bridge destroyed by the earthquake will be reconstructed.

(e) Ditto (f) The project site is located at Zero degree

south, and it is not to be expected to cause a sun shading. The bridge's structure and scale will not cause radio interference.

(3) Heritage

(a) Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage? Are adequate measures considered to protect these sites in accordance with the country’s laws?

(g) N (a) The significant impact on the local archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage is not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

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Appendix-5

Cate

gory


Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A


(4) Landscape

(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the local landscape? Are necessary measures taken?

(a) N (a) The significant impact on local landscape is not to be expected since the project is the reconstruction of the Palu IV bridge destroyed by the earthquake.

(5) Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

(a) Are considerations given to reduce impacts on the culture and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?

(b) Are all of the rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples in relation to land and resources respected?

(a) N/A (b) N/A

(a) Not applicable. The people of Palu city are mainly the local ethnic group, Kaili tribe. Since the project area is an urban area, the mixture with other ethnic groups is progressing, and the area has not been identified to have a special culture and life.

(b) Not applicable.

(6) Working condition

(a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws and ordinances associated with the working conditions of the country which the project proponent should observe in the project?

(b) Are tangible safety considerations in place for individuals involved in the project, such as the installation of safety equipment which prevents industrial accidents, and management of hazardous materials?

(c) Are intangible measures being planned and implemented for individuals involved in the project, such as the establishment of a safety and health program, and safety training (including traffic safety and public health) for workers etc.?

(d) Are appropriate measures taken to ensure that security guards involved in the project not to violate safety of other individuals involved, or local residents?

(a) Y (b) Y (c) Y (d) Y

(a) The project proponent will comply with laws and regulations related to employment conditions of the National Labor Law, IFC guidelines, EHS guidelines of World Bank, and others.

(b) For project concerned personnel, specific safety methods such as the installation of safety equipment to prevent occupational accidents and management of hazardous substances will be implemented.

(c) The project will obligate that construction contractors implement safety and environmental education programs for construction workers including security guards.

(d) Ditto

5.

Oth

ers

(1) Impacts during Construction

(a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and wastes)?

(b) If construction activities adversely affect the natural environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?

(c) If construction activities adversely affect the social environment, are

(a) Y (b) N (c) Y

(a) Mitigation measures during the construction phase will be described in the UKL-UPL report.

(b) The site survey of the planned area downstream of the bridge is under planning. However, the natural environment (ecosystem) that should pay particular attention to the project site and the surrounding area has not been found in the current phase.

(c) The negative impact on the social environment during construction and the mitigation measures for the impact will be described in the UKL-UPL report.

(2) Monitoring

(a) Does the proponent develop and implement monitoring program for the environmental items that are considered to have potential impacts?

(b) What are the items, methods and frequencies of the monitoring program?

(a) Y (b) Y (c) Y (d) Y

(d) UKL-UPL report is EMP & EMOP document by the project proponent, and the monitoring detailed plan will be specified in the report.

(e) UKL-UPL report will consist of the EMP and EMOP, and items, methods, and frequency are specified.

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Appendix-6

Cate

gory


Yes: Y No: N Not

applicable:N/A


(c) Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate budget to sustain the monitoring framework)?

(d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring report system identified, such as the format and frequency of reports from the proponent to the regulatory authorities?

(f) UKL-UPL report will describe the proponent monitoring system.

(g) The format and frequency of the monitoring report will be specified in the UKL-UPL report.

6.

Not

e

Reference to Checklist of Other Sectors

(a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Roads, Railways and Forestry Projects checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including large areas of deforestation).

(b) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Power Transmission and Distribution Lines checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including installation of power transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities).

(a) N/A (b) N/A

(a) Not applicable. (b) Not applicable

Note on Using Environmental Checklist

(a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues should beconfirmed (e.g., the project includes factors that may cause problems,such as transboundary waste treatment, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or global warming).

(a) N/A (a) Not applicable.

1) Regarding the term “Country’s Standards” mentioned in the above table, in the event that environmental standards in the country where the project is located diverge significantly from international standards, appropriate environmental considerations are required to be made. In cases where local environmental regulations are yet to be established in some areas, considerations should be made based on comparisons with appropriate standards of other countries (including Japan's experience).

2) Environmental checklist provides general environmental items to be checked. It may be necessary to add or delete an item taking into account the characteristics of the project and the particular circumstances of the country and locality in which it is located.

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Palu IV Bridge Outline Design Report

Documents

Transcript of Palu IV Bridge Outline Design Report