Open Innovation Model using Problem Solving Process

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๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ ๊ถŒ ์ œ ํ˜ธ ํ†ต๊ถŒ ํ˜ธ Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5 pp.0-00 * ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์š” ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์‹ฌํ™”์— ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„(business ecosystem)์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ (open innovation) ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋ณด ๋‹ค ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฅ์•  ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹  ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ด ์ „, ์ธ๋ ฅ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ A๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด(clinic day)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ต ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ฃผ์ œ์–ด: ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„, ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ ์‹œ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ์  ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์  ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œ ํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ, ํ˜์‹  ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค (Dyer and Singh, 1998; Gomes-Casseres, 1987). ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฌด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ (business ecosystem)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์  ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค ์ด ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”(co-evolution)๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค(Moore, 1993). ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ์ˆœํžˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ ํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์กด ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ์˜์กด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด์˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒ ํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜ ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ (open innovation)์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ธ์ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒ ํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ต ์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€์ถœ์—ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๋ฏธ * ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2012๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„ (NRF-2012S1A5A2A01020280). ** ์ œ1์ €์ž, ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ฐฝ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ต์ˆ˜. [email protected] *** ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž, ๊ณ„๋ช…๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๊ต์ˆ˜, [email protected] **** ๊ณต๋™์ €์ž, ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฒฝ์˜์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฒธ์ž„๊ต์ˆ˜, [email protected] ยท ํˆฌ๊ณ ์ผ: 2014-07-15 ยท ์ˆ˜์ •์ผ: 2014-08-26 ยท ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ™•์ •์ผ: 2014-09-25

Transcript of Open Innovation Model using Problem Solving Process

๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ9๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ (ํ†ต๊ถŒ35ํ˜ธ)

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5 pp.0-00

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…

์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ*

๋ฐ•์ƒํ˜ (๊ฒฝ๋‚จ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ฐฝ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ต์ˆ˜)**

๊น€์ฐฝ์™„ (๊ณ„๋ช…๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๊ต์ˆ˜)***

์˜ค์Šนํฌ (ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฒฝ์˜์ •๋ณด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฒธ์ž„๊ต์ˆ˜)****

๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์š” ์•ฝ

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์‹ฌํ™”์— ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„(business ecosystem)์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—

๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ (open innovation) ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋ณด

๋‹ค ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š”

๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฅ์• 

๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹  ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ด

์ „, ์ธ๋ ฅ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ

A๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด(clinic day)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ต

ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ฃผ์ œ์–ด: ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„, ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„

โ… . ์„œ๋ก 

๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ ์‹œ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ์ 

ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์  ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด

์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œ

ํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์„

์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”

์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ, ํ˜์‹  ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค

(Dyer and Singh, 1998; Gomes-Casseres, 1987). ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฌด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

(business ecosystem)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์ 

์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค

์ด ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”(co-evolution)๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๋Š”

๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค(Moore, 1993). ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ

์ˆœํžˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ

ํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์กด

์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ์˜์กด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ

์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด์˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒ

ํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜

์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ (open innovation)์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜

๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ

์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜

์—ฌ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ

๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ

์ธ์ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒ

ํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ต

์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€์ถœ์—ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด

๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๋ฏธ

* ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2012๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„ (NRF-2012S1A5A2A01020280).** ์ œ1์ €์ž, ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ฐฝ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ต์ˆ˜. [email protected]*** ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž, ๊ณ„๋ช…๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๊ต์ˆ˜, [email protected]**** ๊ณต๋™์ €์ž, ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฒฝ์˜์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฒธ์ž„๊ต์ˆ˜, [email protected]ยท ํˆฌ๊ณ ์ผ: 2014-07-15 ยท ์ˆ˜์ •์ผ: 2014-08-26 ยท ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ™•์ •์ผ: 2014-09-25

2 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5

๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜

์ฐฝ์ถœ ๋ฐ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜

๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ „ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ž๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ

์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์›์ฒœ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”

๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ko and Cho, 2005). ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต

๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ธ์ ์ž์› ๊ต๋ฅ˜์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ณต๋™

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ „์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ฌธ, ์ฐฝ์—… ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜

ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์†Œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜

์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์› ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜

์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ์ฐฝ

์—…๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„

๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ

์ด์ „, ์ธ๋ ฅ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ A๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰

๋ฐ์ด(clinic day)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด

์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ง„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„

์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š”

์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœํ•˜

๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

2.1 ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

Moore(1993;1996)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ

์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹, ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ž์›, ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ํ˜์‹ ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตํ™˜, ๊ฒฐ

ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œ

ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ

ํ˜ธ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ณต๋™์šด๋ช…์ฒด

(Peltoniemi, 2004)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜

๊ณ  ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”(co-evolution)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด

์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฌด์–ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ธฐ์—…

์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ธฐ

์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜

์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด

๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค(Moore, 1993;1997).๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉ

ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ

์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ

์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค(Iansiti & Levien, 2004). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜

๊ณต๊ธ‰์‚ฌ์Šฌ, ๊ฐ€์น˜์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ

์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ–‰์œ„์ž

๋“ค๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜์กด์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์ด ๊ณต๋™์šด

๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„

์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Cho and Oh, 2011). ์ด๋“ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜

๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„

๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ƒ, ์ ์ž์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ

์šฉ์ดํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ(loosely

coupled) ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด

ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ (reciprocal) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ

์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค(Iansiti and Levien, 2004). ์ด

๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ด์ต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‚ฌ๊ฐ€

์†ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ ์ฆ์ง„์—๋„ ํž˜์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€

๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ(productivity), ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ(robustness), ๊ธฐํšŒ

์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ(niche creation)๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ

๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ์€ ๊ณง ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ

๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค

(Iansiti and Levien, 2004).๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ

์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ

๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ด€

์ ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•ํ˜์‹ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ

์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ฐฝ์—…์ง€์›๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋ž€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•˜

๋Š” ์ž์™€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•œ ๋‚ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7๋…„์ด

์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ

์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ƒ์กด์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค

(Cooper, 1995). ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ , ์กฐ์ง/์ž์›, ์ „๋žต, ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋™

๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์œต, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋”์šฑ

ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(Ko et al., 2003; Park et al., 2010). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ž์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์™ธ

๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œ

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ๋„ ๊ธฐ

์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Moon and Kim, 2011). ๋‚ด๋ถ€์š”์ธ์€ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ

๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ, ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”, ์ธ์ ์ž์› ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ

์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง์ ‘

์  ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์€ ์ฐฝ์—…

๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์›์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜์บํ”ผํƒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์—”์ คํˆฌ์ž์™€

๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์›์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„

๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Ko et al., 2003). ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€์›์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ9๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ (ํ†ต๊ถŒ35ํ˜ธ) 3

์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ

๊ณต ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๊ธฐ์—…, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ

์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Kim et al., , 2012; Lee and Win, 2004, Seol et al., 2014, Park et al., 2014). ์‚ฐ์—…๊ต์œก์ง„ํฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ด‰์ง„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฐ

ํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€์ถœ์—ฐ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๋ฐ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 

์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ „ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ž๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰

์ด์œค์ฐฝ์ถœ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ธ์žฌ์–‘์„ฑ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ

๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ด์ต์„

์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(Park, 2008), ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์€ โ€œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต

๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด€

์ ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ์ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™. ๊ธฐ์—…, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘

์šฉ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ˜์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์ ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค

(Min et al., 2003). ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„

ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์˜

์›์ฒœ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ

์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ko and Cho, 2005).๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ 

ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ž

๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋‚ด ์ž์›๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ฃผ์š” ์ƒ

ํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘

๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.3 ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ(facilitator)์˜ ์—ญํ• 

ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•™

์Šต๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ด‰

์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Bergevin, 2006). 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ

์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ธ ์ธ์นด์šดํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(encounter group)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ฒดํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ

๋‹ค(Hori, 2004). ์ดํ›„ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„

์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ

ํšจ์œจ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ GE, IBM ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ธฐ์—…

์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Song, 2010). 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ํ™˜

๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ต์œก์ด๋‚˜ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ

์—์„œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹์ด

๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ

์„ฑํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ 

์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Song, 2010). ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ํŒ€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜

๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์˜๋‚˜

์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ

์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 

ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒ€์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„

๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ด‰์ง„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค

(Roger 2002; Wilkinson, 2004). ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ

์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ HRD ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž, ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ปจ์„ค

ํ„ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ

๋ผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ 

์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค

(Song, 2010).ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค

์„ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต ์ด‰์ง„, ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ œ๊ณต, ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋„๋ก

์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์˜์š•

์„ ๊ณ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์—๋Š” ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ

ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์ŠตํŒ€

์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2007). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ

ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๋™์ผ ๊ธฐ์—…

์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ณต

๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์—

ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2012). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€

ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž

ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.4 ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ฐœ

์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„

์„์€ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€

๊ณ„ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. DiMaggio(1986)๋Š”

์กฐ์ง์  ๋ถ„์•ผ(organizational field)์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ง€์œ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค

์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š”

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ์ง€์œ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ

๊ตฌ(Han et al., 2004)๋“ฑ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰

๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„

ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋“œ์™€ ๋งํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ผ์ • ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„

์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค

์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ „ํ›„์— ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€

4 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5

๋ชจํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ

๊ฒฝ๋‚จ A๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ์€ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ

์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ ๋“ฑ

์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ A๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์—…๋ฌด

์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ 1-2์ดŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„

ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํด

๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„

๋งค์›” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์• ๋กœ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•ก

์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹(action learning) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑํšŒ์‚ฌ

๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ชจ์ง‘-์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์œตํ•ฉ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋งคํšŒ 3๊ฐœ ์—…์ฒด๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จผ์ €, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜ยท๋””์ž

์ธ ์ „๊ณต๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ˜„์—…์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„

๋ฐ›๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 1-2์ดŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ

์ง„์€ ์—…๊ณ„์ข…์‚ฌ์ž, ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด 15๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด

์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ค‘ ๋งค ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด๋งˆ๋‹ค 7-8๋ช…์˜ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์˜์—

์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 2011๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰

๋œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์šด์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ 23๊ฐœ ์ปจ

์„คํŒ…์˜๋ขฐ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ 15๋ช…์˜ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ

2012๋…„ 1์›”์— ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.ลธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋ช…๋‹จ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

ลธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ „

ํ›„๋กœ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ด€

๊ณ„๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ลธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ „ํ›„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ 2 X 2 ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค

๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„

ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(centrality), ๋ฐ€๋„(density) ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„

(centralization)๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Bonacich, 1987). ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ

์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฐ€๋„(density)๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋…ธ

๋“œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ •๋„๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด์˜

ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(centrality)๊ณผ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„(centralization)๋Š” ํž˜

๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ฑ(core-periphery)์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„

์ธต๊ณผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„, ์ƒํ˜ธ์„ฑ(reciprocity)์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์šฐํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค

๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Scott, 1991). ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ

์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ

ํ• ๊ณผ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘

์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(degree centrality), ๊ทผ์ ‘ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(closeness centrality), ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ

(betweenness centrality)์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ

๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์—ฐ

๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(Wasserman and Faust, 1994). ์ฆ‰

ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”

๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„

๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”

ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„

์ž๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ

๋‹ค(Im et al., 2010). ๊ทผ์ ‘ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก

์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„คํŠธ

์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜

์—ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(Im et al., 2010). ๋†’์€

๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ

๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋„ค

ํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ถŒ๋ ฅ, ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด

๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฉ์ดํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ž ํ˜น์€

์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ํ–‰์œ„

์ž๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ƒ์— ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ํ–‰์œ„

์ž๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ

๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์—

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค(Brandes, 2001). <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2>๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„

๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ9๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ (ํ†ต๊ถŒ35ํ˜ธ) 5

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2> ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(centrality)์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

3.3 ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

3.3.1 ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(Consultant Group)

์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด

๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ๊ณต๋‹จ ์„œ๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋‚จ ์ง€๋ถ€์žฅ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€์ ์žฅ๋“ฑ 12๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์ด์Šˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ์› ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€

์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ <ํ‘œ 1>์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด

์—…์ข…๋„ ์‹ํ’ˆ, IT, ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ œ์กฐ, ๊ฑด์ถ•, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๊ธˆ

์œต ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋„ 2๋…„์—์„œ 20๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ

๊ฒฝํ—˜์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

<ํ‘œ 1> ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€

ํ•ฉ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์ œ์กฐ์—… ๊ธˆ์œต์—… ์‹ํ’ˆ์—… ํ† ๋ชฉ์—…

์ธ์›์ˆ˜(๋ช…)

2 5 2 1 1 1 12

์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋‚จ ๋‚จ ๋‚จ ์—ฌ ๋‚จ ๋‚จ๋‚จ 11

์—ฌ 1

๊ธฐ์—…์šด์˜๊ฒฝํ—˜๋…„์ˆ˜

1.5/9.5 2~44ํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌํ•ญ์—†์Œ

2.5

ํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌํ•ญ์—†์Œ

ํ‰๊ท 13.9๋…„

์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผIT

์†Œ์…œ์ปค๋จธ์Šค

์ˆ˜์†ก๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฐœ์ „์žฅ๋น„์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ œ์กฐ

์ž๊ธˆ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ†ต ํ† ๋ชฉ ํˆฌ์ž

๊ธฐํƒ€์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ํ™œ๋™

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒํ™œ๋™

-

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒํ™œ๋™

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒํ™œ๋™

-

3.3.2 ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜(University Professor Group)

๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ

์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ํšŒ์˜์— ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด

ํ„ฐ๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ A๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ•™

ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹

๊ต์œก์„ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ

๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ, IT, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์™„์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ

2 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… CEO ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•„

์ด๋””์–ด ๋„์ถœ, ์˜๊ฒฌ์กฐ์œจ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œ ๋„, ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ง„ํ–‰

๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜

๋ฌด์—ญ IT ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ

์ธ์›์ˆ˜(๋ช…) 1 1 1

์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋‚จ ๋‚จ ๋‚จ

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ฒฝํ—˜

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๊ธฐ์—…์ปจ์„คํŒ…

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ์—…๋ฐœ๊ตด

์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ

์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฌด์—ญ IT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜

๊ธฐํƒ€์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹์ฝ”์น˜

์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹๊ต์œก

์•ก์…˜๋Ÿฌ๋‹์ฝ”์น˜/

ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ

<ํ‘œ 2> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ์†Œ์† ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

3.3.3 ๊ธฐ์—… CEO ๊ทธ๋ฃน(Industry CEO Group)

๊ธฐ์—… CEO ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… CEO๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ 50์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ

๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ˜„์•ˆ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ปจ์„คํ„ด

ํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์•ˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ

๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… CEO๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„

๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์˜ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„

ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„ 12์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰

๋ฐ์ด์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ด์Šˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ํŒ๋กœ, ์ž๊ธˆ, ๊ฒฝ

์˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ3 ์ฐธ์กฐ).

<ํ‘œ 3> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋น„๊ต

๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์—…CEO๊ทธ๋ฃน

์—ญํ•  ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ

์ด์Šˆ์ œ๊ณต

์ฐธ์—ฌ์ธ์›POOL 12 3 16

๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์—…CEO

์€ํ–‰์ง€์ ์žฅ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ

๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์—… CEO

์ปจ์„คํŒ… ํ™œ๋™

์ด์Šˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์—…์šด์˜๊ฒฝํ—˜

(๊ธฐ์—…CEO)

๊ธฐ์—… ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์ •๋ณด(์€ํ–‰์ง€์ ์žฅ)

์œ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์›์ •๋ณด

(๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ)

ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ „๊ณต๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„

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IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

4.1 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ

์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์™€, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ

์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ 2ํšŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ „์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ

6 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ 1, ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 0์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œ

ํ–‰ ์ดํ›„์— ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ ๋„ท

๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ(Netminer)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1, 3-2>์™€

๊ฐ™์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งต์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์†Œ

์†๊ทธ๋ฃน(์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ(C, n=17), ๋Œ€ํ•™(U, n=3), ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด(I, n=16))์„

๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1, 3-2์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ดํ›„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋งต์„

ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ

์ฒด๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋™์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜

๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํด๋ฆฌ

๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“ 

๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ด์ „ ์†Œ์†๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-2> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„ ์†Œ์†๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

๋˜ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์†๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰

๊ท ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰

๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘

์‹ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™

์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰

๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๊ทธ

๋ฃน, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์œผ

๋กœ์จ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4> ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์†Œ์†๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ „ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท ๋น„๊ต

<ํ‘œ4>๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๋„คํŠธ

์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ <ํ‘œ 5>๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ

์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰

๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜

ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ

๋žจ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜(์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ, ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ, ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์œ ์˜ํ™•๋ฅ 

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ9๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ (ํ†ต๊ถŒ35ํ˜ธ) 7

0.01์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(ํ‘œ 5 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ๋ฐ˜๋ณต

์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•(GLM)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์—ฐ

๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ, ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด

๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰์ดํ›„์— ์†Œ

์† ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ๋งŒ ์œ ์˜ํ™•๋ฅ  0.01์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ 

์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค

์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ๋„คํŠธ

์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ

๋‚˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ

ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’

์•„์กŒ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌ

ํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœ

ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž

๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ํ•ด์„

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

<ํ‘œ 4> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

<ํ‘œ 5> ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜

์ธก์ •Wilks์˜ ๋žŒ๋‹ค

์ธก์ •*๊ทธ๋ฃนWilks์˜ ๋žŒ๋‹ค

๊ฐ’ F์œ ์˜ํ™•๋ฅ 

๊ฐ’ F์œ ์˜ํ™•๋ฅ 

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ

0.508 31.973 0.000*** 0.958 0.727 0.491

๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ

0.585 23.419 0.000*** 0.996 0.058 0.943

๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ

0.579 24.036 0.000*** 0.463 19.139 0.000***

*** : p< 0.01

4.2 ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

ํ™•์žฅ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ

์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(ํ‘œ

6 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์ดํ›„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€

์ž๋ฌธ์š”์ฒญ, ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… CEO์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋˜

๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ์€ํ–‰์ง€์ ์žฅ์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒˆ

๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

<ํ‘œ 6> ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ

before after before after before after

A๋†์› .57143 .285714 .000000 .002018 .485714 .583333

JR๊ธฐ์—… .20000 .371429 .030664 .010319 .541452 .614035

4.2.1 ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅํ˜•(์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ

JR๊ธฐ์—…, 2009๋…„ ์„ค๋ฆฝ, ์ง์› 3๋ช…)

JR๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋งˆ๋Š˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด

๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 11์›” 24์ผ, 10์ฐจ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ผ€

ํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋กœ

์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ E๊ธฐ๊ณต S์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ

ํŒ๋งค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  B2C๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ B2B ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2012๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ, JR๊ธฐ์—…์€

์ œํ’ˆ ํ™๋ณด ์ „๋žต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A๋Œ€ํ•™์˜

์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฌด์—ญํ•™๊ณผ S๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ์‚ฌ์—…์˜

์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ JR๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒํŒ€์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ™

๋ณด์™€ ๋ฌด์—ญํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ A๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ค‘์ 

๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ K๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํŒ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒค

์ฒ˜ ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , TED ์ฝ”๋””๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ

์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. K๊ต

์ˆ˜๋Š” JR๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ S๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ๋งก์•„์˜ค๊ณ 

์žˆ๋‹ค. TED์ฝ”๋””๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” TEDํ–‰์‚ฌ์— JR๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ

์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ž„์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„

์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ A๋Œ€ํ•™ P๊ต์ˆ˜์™€

์ง€๋„ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค.

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5> ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅํ˜• ๋ชจํ˜•

JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„

JR๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์› ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด JR๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ, ํ™๋ณด

๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„

๊ตฌ๋ถ„ N ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’ ํ‰๊ท  ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_before 36 .000000 .857143 0.136506 0.186184

๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_before 36 .000000 .869173 0.500724 0.123807

๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_before 36 .000000 .424852 0.025724 0.090929

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_after 36 .057143 1.0000 0.295235 0.226110

๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_after 36 .514706 1.00000 0.600295 0.108391

๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ_after 36 .000000 .270547 0.020728 0.055638

์œ ํšจ์ˆ˜(๋ชฉ๋ก๋ณ„) 36

8 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5

๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ ‘์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ

์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ6, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ5 ์ฐธ์กฐ).

4.2.2 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ™•์žฅํ˜•(A๋†์›, 2008๋…„ ์„ค

๋ฆฝ, ์ง์› 4๋ช…)

A๋†์›์€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์‚ฐ ์‚ฐ์ฒญ์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์žฅ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š”

๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ ฅ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ‰์„ ์”จ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ A๋Œ€

ํ•™์˜ ๋™์˜๋ณด๊ฐ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์งˆ

์ ์ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. A๋Œ€ํ•™ K๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ A๋†์›์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ

์• ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2011.5.19. A๋†

์›์€ ์ฆ‰์„ ์”จ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—

์„œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ์ž๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์†Œ์…œ์ปค๋จธ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ T๊ธฐ์—…์˜

๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์†Œ์…œ์ปค๋จธ์Šค์— ๋Œ€

ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 2011.7.22. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆํฌ์žฅ๊ฐœ์„ ,

๋””์ž์ธ, ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒธํ•œ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ํ™•๋ณด

๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ 2์ฐจ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ T๊ธฐ์—…

๊ณผ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์†Œ์…œ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ

๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ A๋†์›์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์žฅ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ T๊ธฐ์—…์— ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ถ”์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

ํ˜‘์˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. A๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฌด์—ญํ•™๊ณผ S๊ต์ˆ˜

๋Š” A๋†์›์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค

์ด ํ™๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ

ํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ K๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์„

์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. A๋†์›์€ ํŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€

๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ๋ฟ

๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฅ๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด A๋†์› ๋ฟ

์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์—…๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„

ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ

๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ6, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ์ฐธ์กฐ).

<๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6> ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ™•์žฅํ˜• ๋ชจํ˜•

V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ด์ „, ์ธ๋ ฅ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ

์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” A๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ

ํ›„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋งต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—

์„œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด

๊ด€๊ณ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋™์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด, ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ํŽธ์ค‘

๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ์ด ์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„ ์ƒ

ํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€

๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—ญํ• ์„

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„

์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์ฐธ

์—ฌ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ์ธ

๊ธฐ์—…์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ JR๊ธฐ์—…

์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„

ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™๋ณด, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™, ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•

์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ

์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž์›์˜ ์œ ์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์ž์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•

์žฅํ˜•์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ™•์žฅํ˜•์œผ๋กœ A๋†์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€

์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ์ „ํ†ต์žฅ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๋™์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š”

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ณต๋™ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์‹œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œ

ํฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ

๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๋งŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๊ณต๋™ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ

๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜

๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํŒ๋กœ

๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™

์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์•„์ดํ…œ ๋ฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ž

์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๋กœ์„œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•

์žฅํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•จ

์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ

๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…๊ธฐํšŒ ๋˜๋Š”

๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ํผ

์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œ

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ ์–ด

๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 

๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ƒ

ํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™•์žฅ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ

ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์‹ค๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ฒค์ฒ˜์ฐฝ์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ9๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ (ํ†ต๊ถŒ35ํ˜ธ) 9

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10 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship Vol.9 No.5

Open innovation model using problem solving process

and facilitator for SMEs*

Park, Sang Hyeok**

Changone Kim ***

SeungHee Oh****

Abstract

It becomes to be essential for firms to build up collaboration ecosystem with diverse entities and to be common for firms to absorb knowledge from external environment for their innovation. Companies try to transfer technological or knowledge asset to other firms through open innovation.

The purpose of this research is to suggest the role of universities in University-Industry Collaborations besides research collaboration and we focus on the role of university to strengthen the regional business ecosystem network.

For this research, we analyze a specific UIC(University Industry Collaboration) program called as "Business Clinic Day" which provides a consulting service for firms, especially, SMEs with a specific problem by a group of consultants including CEOs, professors, and heads of regional public or private service providers. Then we studied how the business network has changed after the program with network analysis. Also, we try to find out the main pattern of network structure extension of business ecosystem with interview. This study illustrates that changing types of network are formed between university and SMEs by clinic day.

The result shows that not only new role as a network promoter, but also the partner as a technology-provider in the regional business ecosystem.

Key words: business ecosystem; university-industry collaboration; Clinic day, network analysis

* This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2012S1A5A2A01020280)** Professor, Gyeong Nam University of Science and Technology, [email protected]*** Assistant professor, Keimyung University, [email protected]**** Adjunct Professor, Hanyang Univerisity, [email protected]