NANOROBOTICS AND ITS APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

Presented by: Sahil Inamdar

CONTENTS:Introduction to RobotsRoboticsNanotechnologyNanoroboticsNanorobotsTypes of making NanorobotsApplicationsReplacement of heart bypass surgery by Nanorobots

ROBOTS:It is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent usually an electromechanical machine that is guided by computer program or electronic circuitry.

Examples: ASIMO , TOPIO, Nanorobots, Swarm robots and Industrial robots.

Types:1. Mobile robots 2. Rolling robots3. Walking robots 4.Stationary

robots5. Autonomous robots 6. Beam robots7. Virtual robots 8. Remote

control robots

ROBOTICS:

It deals with design, construction, operation and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback and information processing.

These technologies deal with automated machines that can take place of humans in hazardous or manufacturing processes.

Today, robotics is rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purpose.

“THE NEXT BIG THING

IS VERY SMALL”

NANOTECHNOLOGY:It is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

It works with materials, devices and other structures with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.

With a variety of potential applications, nanotechnology is a key technology for the future.

NANOROBOTICS:It is the emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).

Nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.

Other names: nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nano-machines , nanomites

NANOROBOTS:One of the most advanced forms of nano-medicine is nanorobots. Nanorobots are microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers.

Fig: A design of nanorobot with sensors, molecular sorting rotors and fins

SENSORS: A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (mostly electronic) instrument.

Molecular sorting rotor: A class of nanomechanical device capable of selectively binding (or releasing) molecules from/ to solution, and of transporting these bound molecules against significant concentration gradients.

Fins: A fin is a surface used for stability and/or to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media.

TYPES OF MAKING NANOROBOTS:1. Nubots 2. Bacteria based3. Biochip4. Surface Bound system5. Positional Nano Assembly6. Virus based7. Open Nanotechnology

APPLICATIONS:Atomic force microscopeNano macro/microscale robotsNanomachinesToxicity detectorsSingle molecule carNubotsMedicineDentistryDiagnosis and treatment of Diabetes

REPLACEMENT OF HEART BYPASS SURGERY

BY NANOROBOTS

INTRODUCTION TO HEART BYPASS SURGERY:

• It reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart.

• It involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation of the breastbone and detouring ,the breastbone is joined using wire and the incision sewed.

Side effects of normal heart bypass surgery:

1.loss of appetite, constipation 2.swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel was removed

3.fatigue,mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty sleeping

4.muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back

PROPERTIES OF NANOROBOT USED:It has 2 spaces-interior and exteriorAn electric motor is attached for it’s propagation inside the circulatory system in the blood vessels

The microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating needle are incorporated

The microprocessor based control unit is used to control the overall operations of nanorobot

Radioactive material is used as a part of exterior surface, which helps to nanorobot at any period of time

Magnetic switch is used to provide to switch on and off nanorobot at any point of time

Introduction of nanorobot into human body:

The nanorobot gets access into thebody through a large diameter artery so that it may be without being too destructive in the first place.

Fig. The robot swims through the arteries and using a pair of tail appendages

Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque:

•Long range sensors are used to allow the machine to navigate to the site of the plaque closely enough so that the use of short range sensors is practical•These are used during actual operations, to allow the device to distinguish between healthy and unwanted tissue•Long-range sensor-Radioactive dye•Short-range sensors-Arterial thermometer•Device for monitoring the whole operation-TV camera

Fig: Nanorobot detecting the site of plaque

Source of power and means of recovery:• The nuclear power is carried onboard to supply required amount of energy for the operation of the device

• After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function is over, it has to be removed from the body. This can be made possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical operation to remove it.

Fig. Removal of nanorobot From the body

CONCLUSION: From this seminar we conclude that, NANOROBOTICS is one of the emerging fields in technology and robotics.

Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).

More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots.

Nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are typically devices constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.

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http://www.diamondbladeselect.com/knowledge/basic-properties-of-diamond/

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[Online]Available:http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/5321/dna-nanobots-deliver-targetted-drugs

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Thank You!!