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ISSN 0202-2400

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V. P. Zakharov

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN CORPUS LINGUISTICS

Summary. The paper deals with issues of corpus linguistics standards. The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) project recommendations are carefully analysed. Tools and methods of adding contextual information (metadata) to a corpus and linguistic annotation are discussed.

Keywords: corpus linguistics, language corpora, standards, tagging, annotation, Text Encoding Initiative.

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PaCCMOTplilM OCHOBHble Tern Iii B03MO)l(HOCTlil CTaHAapTa c TO'IKlil ape

HHJI MHOroo6pa3lilJI THilOB KOpnycoB J1 pewaeMhIX B KOpnycttm1: JIJ1HfBlil

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CJieAyIOlll,He Tern:

<teiCorpus> COAep)l(HT BeCb KOpnyc, 3aKOAHPOBaHHbIH D cpopMa

Te TEI; KOpnyc COCTOHT 113 aaroJIOBO'IHOro Tera Kopnyca J1 OAHOro J1JIH

HeCKOJibKHX Teros TEI, K3)1(AhIH lil3 KOTOphrx COAep)l(HT aaronoBO'IHhIH

Ter TeKCTa Iii caM TeKCT;

206

<TEI> (,n:oKyMeHT TEI) - co.z:1ep)Kl1T o,n:11H ,n:oKyMeHT, coBMeCTl1MbIH

c <l>opMaTOM TEI; 3TOT ,n:oKyMeHT cocT011T 113 3arorroBoqHoro Tera TEI 11 TeKCTa;

<teiHeader> (3arorroBoqHb1J1 Ter) - co,n:ep)l(11T ormcaH11e TeKcTa

11 11H<l>opMau;mo 0 ero ,n:eKrrapau;1111 B Bl1,[\e 3JieKTpOHHOH CTpaHl1ll;bI, KO

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c <PopMaTOM TEI; ~ - yKa3bIBaeT Ha Tl1Il ,n:oKyMeHTa, K KOTopoMy OTHOCl1TC.ll 3TOT

3aroJIOBOqHbIH Ter (He3aBl1Cl1MO OT Toro, ,n:oKyMeHT - 3TO Kopnyc 11Jil1

OT,U:eJibHbIH TeKCT);

<text> co,n:ep)l(11T OJJ:l1H TeKCT mo6oro T11na, u;errbHbIH 11Jil1 co-

CTaBHOH, Hanp11Mep, Il03MY 11Jil1 nbecy, ll;l1KJI 3CCe, poMaH, CJIOBapb 11Jil1

<l>parMeHT Kopnyca;

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n11qHbIX TeKCTOB (rpynn TeKCTOB), KOTOpbie no KaKOH-TO np11q11He pac

CMaTp11BaIOTC.ll KaK e,n:11ttoe u;erroe, Hanp11Mep, TeKCTbI OJJ:HOro aBTopa,

CTHXOTBOpHbIH ll;l1KJI 11 T. JI:. Ter <teiCorpus> npe,n:Ha3HaqeH ,n:rr.11 Ko,n:11poBKl1 o6'heMHbIX Kopny

COB, HO MO)l(eT OKa3aTbC.ll norre3HbIM 11 np11 KO,U:11pOBKe ra3eT, KOMilbIO

Tep11311poBaHHbIX aHTorrornJ'.1 11 npoq.KX 06'be,n:11tteHHbIX TeKCTOB. OT

.z:1errhHh1e qaCTl1 Kopnyca KOJJ:l1PYIOTC.ll OT,U:eJibHbIM11 TeraMl1 <TEI>, a Bech

Kopnyc 3aKrrJOqeH B Ter <teiCorpus>. Ka)l(JJ:M qacTb Kopnyca 11MeeT

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rroBoqHbIH Ter <teiHeader> 11 crre.z:1yI0iu;11J1 3a Hl1M Ter <text>. CaM Kop

nyc TaK)l(e 3aKJIJOqeH B Ter <teiHeader>, B KOTOpOM MO)l(eT 6hITb on11caH

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11 OTHOCl1TC.ll KO BCeMy Kopnycy, a He K ero OT,U:eJibHbIM KOMilOHeHTaM,

,n:orr>KHa co,n:ep)l(aTbC.11 BHYTPl1 Tera <teiHeacler>, nepe.n: BHyTpeHHl1M11

TeKcTaM11 Kopnyca. TaKaa ,n:ByxypoBHeBaa CTPYKTypa no3Borr.11eT ,n:o-

6aB11Tb MeTa11H<l>opMau;11IO Ha ypoBHe Kopnyca, Ha ypoBHe OT,[\ellbHOro

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C.ll KaK e.z:111ttoe u;erroe. TepM11H «COCTaBHOH TeKCT» TpaKTyeTc.11 KaK TeKCT,

BHYTPH KOToporo co.z:1ep)l(aTc.11 ,n:pyrne TeKCTbI.

nepeq11crreHHbie BbilUe Tern MO)l(HO KOM611H11pOBaTb All.II KOAHPOBKH

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207

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poBaHHe Kopnyca H pa3MeTKy. TaKHM o6pa30M, MO)l(HO paccMaTpHBaTb

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CHHTaKCHCOM H nparMaTHKOH.

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208

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~ - YTO'IHReT, H3 qero COCTOHT TeKCT;

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<danain> - B o6IQKX qepTax OilHCbIBaeT o6CTORTenbCTBa, B KOTOpbIX

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nH TeKCT peanK30BaH B JIH'IHOH 6ece):\e HnH rrepeA rry6nHKOH, B yqe6HOH

ayAHTOpHH HnH Ha penHrK03HOM MeporrpHRTHH H T. ):\.;

@type - copTHpyeT TeKCTbl no o6CTORTenbCTBaM, rrpH KOTO

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<interaction> orrHCbrnaeT H xapaKTep peqesoro aKTa, B pe3ynb-

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@type yTO'IHReT cTerreHb B3aHMOAeHCTBHR Me)l(AY aKTHB

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ttactive coo6IQaeT 'IHCno aKTHBHbIX yqacTHHKOB peqeso

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~ssive - coo6IQaeT 'IHrno naccHBHblX yqacTHHKOB peqe

soro aKTa (addresses- aApecaTos);

<preparedness> - coo6IQaeT, TeKCT IlO):\fOTOBneH HnH CilOHTaHHbIH;

@type - COAep)l(HT KnIO'leBoe cnOBO, yKa3bIBaIOIQee Ha CTe

rreHb IlO):\fOTOBneHHOCTH TeKCTa;

<purpose> coo6IQaeT Qenb HnH KOMMYHHKaTHBHYIO <l>YHKQHIO

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@type - KOHKpeTH3HpyeT 3TY Qenb.

Hy)l(HO OTMeTHTb, 'ITO HeKOTOpbre TeKCTbI, B rrepsy10 oqepeAb xy

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209

B TaKHX cnr1aJ1X Tery, OTBeqalOll\eMy 3a «CnopHblH» napaMeTp, np11-

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n11qHbIX KOM6HHal\HJIX KOHeqHbIH Ha6op CffTyal\ffOHHbIX napaMeTpOB,

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210

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Ecrr11 B rna6rroH A06aBrreHbI 3JieMeHTbI MOAYIIJI namesdates ( cM. THn

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<time> - COAep)f(HT cppa3y, yKa3blBalOIQYlO Ha BpeMJI AHJI (B rr1060M

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<locale> - COAep)f(HT KpaTKOe HeTernpoBaHHOe OilHCaHHe MeCTa,

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B napKe H T. A.;

211

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Bee aTpH6yTbr 3aronoao'IHbIX Teroa ae,n;yT ce611 aHanorn'IHbIM o6-pa30M. Bnaro,n;apR TaKOH CHCTeMe ,D;OCTaTO'IHO TOnbKO O,D;HH pa3 BBCCTH MeTaHH¢opMaQH.IO, o6IQyIO ,D;AA BCCX TCKCTOB KOpnyca, H ,n;o6aBAATb OT,n;enbHO HH<l>opMaQHIO ,n;n11 Ka)t(,D;oro BHyTpeHHero TeKcTa, ecnH OHa oTnH'IaeTcR OT o6IQero 3HaMeHaTeAA.

3.2.2. MeTaHucpopMa~HH

MeTalrn¢opMaQIDI B cTaHAapTe TEI nonyq1rna Ha3BaHHe KOHTeKcTyanbHOH HH¢opMaQHH. IlpHMepaM11 ee cny)t(aT: B03pacT, non H reorpa¢H'IecKoe npoHCXO)t(ACHHe yqacTHHKOB peqeaoro aKTa, l1X COQHanbH0-3KOHOMH'ICCKHH CTaTyc; CTOHMOCTb H ,n;aTa ny6nHKaQHH ra3eTbl; o6IQaR. TeMaTHKa HnH BblXO,D;Hbie ,n;aHHbIC KHHrn H T. n. Y1H¢opMaQHR. TaKoro poAa o6na,n;aeT nepaocTeneHHOH Ba)t(HOCTbIO ,n;AA KopnycHow nHHfBHCTHKH. 0Ha BblCTynaeT opraHH3YIOIQl1M npHHQHilOM npH C03,n;aHHH Kopnyca (KaK, HanpHMep, B TOM cnyqae, Kor,n;a HY)t(HO npoaepHTb, 'ITO c TO'IKH 3peHIDI HCKOTopow xapaKTepHCTHKH pa3Mep BbI60pKH paBHOMepHO npeACTaBneH BO BCeM Kopnyce HnH npe,n;CTaBneH nponopl.\HOHanbHO 'IHCneHHOCTH <PparMeHTOB, B3R.TblX AllR. COCTaBneHHJl Kopnyca), KpHTepHeM BbI6opa ¢parMeHTOB npH IlOHCKe H npH aHan113e Kopnyca

212

(KaK B TOM enyqae, KOfAa Tpe6yeTeJI H3yqJ1Tb eneu;m}mqeeKHe Jl3bIKO

Bbie xapaKTepHeTHKH npHMeHHTenbHO K HeKOTOpoMy eoo6m;eeTBy HnH

IlOAMHO)l(eeTBy TeKeTOB).

3Ta HHopMan;HJI AOn)l(Ha 6bITb 3a<l>HKeHpOBaHa B eOOTBeTeTBy10-

m;eM pa3Aene 3aronoBoqttoro Tera TEI. MeTaHHopMan;H.11 060 Beex AOKyMeHTax npeAeTaBneHa B OTAenbHOM <Patine e u;enb10 YA06eTBa Bhr6opa llOAMHO)l(eeTBa Kopnyea 110 011peAeneHHblM 11pH3HaKaM.

Ter MeTaonHeaHHJI AOKyMeHTa <teiHeader> HMeeT cneAy10m;He aTpH-6yThI:

1) id - YHHKanbHhrtl HAeHTHHKaTOp AOKyMeHTa B Kop11yee ( o6hrqHo OH eOOTBeTeTByeT HMeHH <Patina 6e3 paeumpeHHJI; yqJ1TbIBaJI, qTQ OH eoeTaBAAeT oeHOBy AAA HAeHTHHKaTOpOB enoB H npeAnO)l(eHHtl, MO)l(HO ero eoKpaTHTh AO YHHKanbHOro KOpOTKOfO HMeHH);

2) target - HM.II <Patina, B KOTOpOM HaxOAHTCJI AOKyMeHT; 3) type='text' - TJ111 onHeaHHJI, y Hae BeerAa <<text», MOryT

6bITb onHeaHHJI rpynn AOKyMeHTOB;

4) lang='ru' Jl3bIK, Ha KOTOpOM HanHeaH AOKyMeHT, y Hae BeerAa «ru», B TEI He11onh3yeTe.11 yKa3aHHe JI3bIKa no eTaHAap

TY ISO 639 ( aTpH6yT lang 3aAaeT 3HaqeHHe no yMon•taHUIO. 3TO 3HaqeHHe MO)l(eT 6bITb nepeonpeAeneHO AAA OTAenbHOfO npeAno)l(eHHJI HnH enoBa, eenH B pyeeKHtl TeKeT BKn10qeH <PparMeHT

Ha ApyroM R3bIKe, B TEI npeAyeMoTpeH TaK)l(e Ter <foreign> AAA J1HOJl3blqHbIX BeTaBOK).

Bee MeTaOllHeaHHe AOKyMeHTa eoeTOHT H3 eneAy10m;HX rpyn11 TeroB: 1) <fileDese> -HH<PopMan;H.11 o TeKeTe AOKyMeHTa;

2) <profileDese> -HHopMal.l;HJI 0 )l(aHpe AOKyMeHTa;

3) <encodingOeso -HHopMal.l;HJI 0 eTpyKType pa3MeTKJ1 AO

KyMeHTa (nH60 eebmKa Ha eTaHAapTHyio);

4) <revisiort>esc> -HHopMal.l;HJI 06 HeTOpHH MOAHHKal.l;HH

AOKyMeHTa. KpoMe <fileDese> MO)l(eT 6bITb none3eH <profileDese>, KOTOpbitl eo

Aep)l(HT HHopMan;H10 06 o6m;eM Knaeee TeKeTOB, Ha11pHMep, XYAO)l(e

eTBeHHaJI nHTepaTypa, ny6nHn;HeTHKa, yeTHa.11 peqb J1 T. n.

011HeaHJ1e <Patina <fileDese> eoeTOHT H3 cneAy10m;HX 3neMeHTOB:

1) <titleStmt> - 6H6nHorpa<PJ1qecKa.11 HH<l>opMan;J1J1 o TeKeTe;

2) <publicationStmt> - 6H6nHorpa<l>HqeeKa.11 HH<l>opMan;J1J1 06 H3-

AaHHH;

213

3) <sourceDese> - HH<l>opMaQHJI 06 HCTO"IHHKe, H3 KOTOporo nony

"!eHa 3neKTpOHHaJ1 BepcHJJ AOKyMettTa.

EH6nHorpa<l>H"lecKa.11 HH<l>opMaQH.11 <titleStmt> BKnJOqaeT 3ne-MeHThI:

• <title> - Ha3Batt11e;

• <author> - aBTop;

• <date> - AaTa C03AaHHJJ opHrnttanhHoro AOKyMeHTa;

• <extent> - pa3Mep AOKyMeHTa B HeKOTOpblX ycnOBHblX eAl1-

HHQax (HX THIIOnorm1 MO:>KeT 6hITb 3aAaHa B aTpH6yTe type, HO ecTeCTBeHHO C"ll1TaTb B cnoBax; HaAO c<1>opMyn11poBaTb

rrpaB11na AnR IIOAC"leTa cnoB, Harrp11Mep, MO:>KHO C"ll1TaTb cnoBOM nocneAOBaTenhHOCTb CHMBOnOB OT rrpo6ena AO npo6ena,

MO:>KHO, Hao6opOT, TOnbKO rrocneAOBaTenbHOCTH 6yKB 113 KJ1-

p11nnl1QbI-naTl1Hl1Qbl, MO:>KHO TOnbKO H3 KHp11nnHQbl, MO:>KHO

C"IHTaTb MHOrocnOBHbie eAHHHQbl, HarrpHMep, maK KaK, KaKHu6yOb, Hb10-filopK, opyz opyza 3a OAHO cnoBo; Y"ll1TbIBaJI, "!TO

Koprryc OQeHHBaeTCJJ, B TOM "IHCne H no An11He B cnoBax, Tpe6y

eTCJI TO"IHOe yKa3aH11e napaMeTpa);

• <sponsor> - 3neMeHT, B KOTOpOM Mbl MO:>KeM cocnaTbCJI Ha co

OTBeTCTBy10w;ero cnoHcopa;

• <respS~mt> - 11tt<PopMaQHJJ o qenoBeKe/nJOAJJX, Bttecumx

HHTenneKTyanbHbUi BKnaA B C03AaHHe :noro 3neKTpOHHO

ro AOKyMeHTa (He aBTOpbl 11 cnOHCOpbl); <respStmt> 3aAaeT

HH<l>opMaQHJO c nOMOll\blO 3neMeHTOB <name> H <resp> AnR yKa3aHHJI np11pOAbl HHTenneKTyanbHOro BKnaAa, Hanp11Mep,

MbI MO:>KeM BHOCl1Tb CJOAa OTBeTcTBeHHhIX 3a PY"'HYJO pa3MeTKY

AOKyMeHTa.

t.{To KacaeTCJI Jl3blKOBbIX KOprrycoB, MeTa11tt<l>opMaQHJO MO:>KHO o6'be

AHHHTb B o6w;eM 3aronOBO"IHOM Tere Bcero Koprryca J1nl1 A06aBHTb B 3a

ronOBO"IHbie Tern Ka:>KAOfO <l>parMeHTa; o6'beAHHemte 3Tl1X Bap11aHTOB

TaK:>Ke B03MO>KHO.

BttyTpH 3aronoBO"!Horo Tera TEI MO>KHO Hcnonh30BaTb ew;e HeKOTO

pb1e 3neMeHTbl, HO TOnbKO np11 ycnOBHH, "!TO OHl1 3aAaHbl B cxeMe orr11ca

HHJJ. 3TO 3neMeHTbl, KOTOpbre no3BOnJJJOT, HanpHMep, c pa3HblX CTOpOH

oxapaKTepH30BaTb ycnOBHJI, npH KOTOpblX cosepmaeTCJI pe"leBOH aKT,

a TaK:>Ke ero <l>H3H"leCKHe oco6eHHOCTH, a TaK>Ke yqacTHHKOB peqesoro

aKTa. Il0Ao6tta.11 Htt<l>opMaQHH C03AaeTrn cneQHanbHO AnH HY:>KA Kop

rrycttoi1: nHHrBHCTl1Kl1. }J;nR 3Toro BHYTPH Tera <profileDese>, KOTOpbIH

214

pacnonaraeTc.11 BHYTPff 3aronosoqHoro Tera ( <TEIHeader> ), MO)f(HO

ffCnOJib30BaTb ).\OnOJIHffTellhHhie 3JieMeHTbl:

<textDesc> (onffCaHffe TeKCTa) COAep)f(ffT onffcaHffe TeKCTOB Ha

.113bIKe CffTyaQffOHHbIX napaMeTpOB;

<particDesc> (onffcaHffe yqacTHffKOB peqesoro aKTa) - onffchrnaeT

yqacTHffKOB peqesoro aKTa B TeKcTe mo6oro Tffna;

<settingOesc> (onffcaHffe ycnOBffH) - onffChIBaeT ycnosffe ffllff yc

JIOBHJI, npH KOTOpbIX npOHCXO).\ffT peqeBOH aKT (B <f>opMe HeTernposaH

HOfO TeKCTa mm KaK Ha6op TernpoBaHHblX xapaKTepffCTffK).

4. lIHHrBHCTH'leCKaJI pa3MeTKa KOpnyca

.H3blKOBOH Kopnyc qacTO CO}.\ep)f(ffT aHaJiffTffKO-llffHrBffCTff'leCKYIO

pa3MeTKy, ffCnOJib3yeMyIO B pa3m1qHblX llffHfBffCTffqecKJ1X ffCCJieAOBa

Hff.llX. Cyw;ecTByeT HeCKOJihKO MexaHH3MOB, c noMOlil;hIO KOTOph1x MO)f( -

HO npeACTaBffTb npaKTJ1qeCKJ1 JII060H Tffn pa3MeTKff B CTaHAapTHOM

BffAe ffllff no llla6JIOHy, ffHAffBffAyarrhHOMY All.II 3Toro AOKyMeHTa.

fIOA llffHfBffCTffqecKOH pa3MeTKOH noApa3yMeBaeTCJI JII06aJI pa3MeT

Ka, OCHOBaHHa.11 Ha llffHfBffCnfqecKffX xapaKTepffCTffKax TeKCTa .

.[{aHHbie llffHfBffCTffqecKOH pa3MeTKff MO)f(HO A06aBJIJITb K TeKCTO

BbIM 3JieMeHTaM pa3HhIX yposttel1. Hanpm.1ep, KOA Knacca cnos ffllff KOA

qaCTepeqHoH npffHaAJie)f(HOCTJ1 MO)f(eT 6hITb npffB.113aH K Ka)f(AOMY CJIO

ny (TOKetty) ffllff rpynne TOKeHOB, KOTOpa.11 MO)f(eT 6bITb Hepa3pb1BHOH

ffllff pa3pbIBHOH. TaK)f(e COOTBeTCTBYIOW:ffH KOA MO)f(eT 6hITb 3aKpenJieH

3a npeAJIO)f(eHffeM ffllff 3a CJ1HTaKcffqecKffM OTHOllleHffeM.

MexaHff3M pa3MeTKff MO)f(eT 6hITh aBTOMaTttqecKffM, pyqHhIM ffllff

aBTOMaTfflieCKJ1M c pyqHOH npaBKOH. JlerKOCTb ff TOqHOCTb, c KOTopott

MO)f(eT 6bITb aBTOMaTff3ffpOBaHa pa3MeTKa, saphffpyeTC.11 B 3aBffCHMOCTJ1

OT ypOBHJI, Ha KOTOpOM OHa Tpe6yeTCJI. J.1cnOJih3yeMblH cnoco6 pa3MeT

KH MO)f(eT 6hITh yKa3aH B Tere <interpretation> BHYTPff Tera, onttchrna

IOm;ero cnoco6 KOAttpoBKtt, B KOpHeBOM Tere TEIHeader. Ecnff pa3Hhie qacTff Kopnyca HY)f(HO pa3MeTffTh no pa3HhIM napaMe

TpaM, 3TO MO)f(HO yKa3aTb, ffCil01Ih3YJI aTpff6yT decls. J.13-3a 6oJihlllffX ff3Aep)f(eK npff pacno3HaBaHttJ1 TeKcTa ff KOAff POBKe

MHOrHX xapaKTepffCTffK TeKCTa, a TaK)f(e CJIO)f(HOCTeH B o6ecneqeHffl1

eAHH006pa3HblX TeXHOJIOfffH B npttMeHeHHJ1 KO BCeM qacTJIM 60Jibllll1X

Kopnycos, KOAffPOBlil;ffKaM, B03MO)f(HO, 6yAeT YA06Ho pa3AeJiffTh Ha60-

ph1 3JieMeHTOB, KOTOph1e no).\Jie)f(aT KOAffPOBKe, Ha qeTlJipe KaTeropttff:

215

required (o6Jl3aTenbHbie) - xapaKTepHCTHKH, OTHOCJUI~HeC.R K 3TOH

KaTeropHH, 6yAyT KOAHPOBaTbCJI npH aHanH3e K(l)t(AOfO TeKCTa, COCTaB

MIOI.l.\ero Kopnyc;

reccmnended ()l(enaTenbHbie) - xapaKTepHCTHKH, OTHOC.SII.l.\HeCR

K 3TOH KaTeropHH, 6yAyT KOAHposaTbC.R, ecnH 3TO no3BOMIOT coo6pa

)l(eHHR 3KOHOMHH; ecnH 3Ta xapaKTepHCTHKa npHcyTcTByeT B TeKCTe,

HO He 6bma KOAHposaHa, Ha 3TO yKa3b1saeTc11 B KOpHeBOM Tere;

optional <<PaKynhTaTHBHbie) - xapaKTepHCTHKH, OTHOCJII.l.\Hec11

K 3TOH KaTeropHH, MoryT KOAHposaTbCR, a MoryT He KOAHposaTbc11; ecnH

B COOTBeTCTBYfOI.l.\eM Tere He yKa3aHa HH<l>opMaQHJI 06 3TOH xapaKTepH

CTHKe, TO He 3Ha'rnT, 'ITO OHa OTCYTCTByeT B TeKCTe;

proscribed (HCKnIO'leHHbie) xapaKTepHCTHKH, OTHOC1II.l.\Hec11

K 3TOH KaTeropHH, npeAHaMepeHHO He KOAHPYfOTCJI; OHH MOryT 6bITb

npeACTasneHbI KaK Hepa3Me'leHHbIH TeKCT HnH npeACTasneHbI BHYTPH

Tera <gap>, HJIH soo61.I.\e He ynoMRHYTbI, KaK 6hrnaeT 'lall.\e scero.

5. cI>opMaTbl JIJIHrBHCTH'leCKOH paaMeTKH

5.1. <l>opMambt Mop<fionozu<tec1wu pa3MemKu

CneAyeT pa3JIH'laTb <PopMaT CTPYKTYPbI 11;aHHbIX H <PopMaT Harro11He

HHR. C TO'lKH 3peHHR CTPYKTYPbI MO)l(HO BbIIJ;enHTb TpH ocHOBHbIX crro

co6a pa3MeTKH TeKCTa mrnrBHCTH'leCKOH HH<l>opMaQHefl:

• npocTOe 11;06as11eHHe: 3a K(l)t(AbIM CJIOBOM c11e11;yeT KpaTKOe

OTIHCaHHe ero npH3HaKOB, HanpHMep, gives_ vvz, fAe KOA

vvz 03Ha'laeT, 'ITO 3TO TpeTbe JIHQO eA.'l. (Z) 3Ha'IHMOro rna

rona (VV) (I); • Ta6JIHQa: B K(l)t(IJ;OM CTOJI6Qe 3anHCbIBaeTCJI onpeACJICHHblff

Mop<PocHHTaKCH'lCCKHH npH3HaK (II); • 113bIK pa3MeTKH: Ha6op cpeACTB AM 3aTIHCH JIHHfBHCTH'leCKOH

HH<l>opMaQHH, o<PopMneHHbIH B BHIJ;e Jl3bIKa KJIIO'leBblX CJIOB

CO CBOHM CHHTaKCHCOM (III).

The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained.

I. I1p11Mep pa3MeTKH Koprryca Associated Press Corpus (ropH30H

TaJibHbIH <PopMaT B KOAHPOBKe yH11sepc11Tern JlaHKacTep ):

[N The_AT door_NNl ,_. [Fr [N which_DDQ NJ [V was_ VBDZ equipped_ VVN [P with_IW [N neither_LE [ bell_NNl nor_ CC

216

knocker_NNI ] NJ PJ VJ Fr] NJ ,_, [V was_ VBDZ [blistered_ VVN and_ CC distained_ VVN] VJ ._.

II. 11pi1Mep pa3MeTKH Kopnyca Associated Press Corpus (seprn:KanhHhIH <PopMaT B Mop<PoCHHTaKCHtleCKOH KOJV1pOBKe ymrnepoueTa JlaHKaCTep):

The AT [N door NNI

' ' which DDQ [Fr[N] was VBDZ [V equipped VVN with IW [P neither LE [N bell NNI [ nor cc knocker NNI ]N]P]V]Fr]N]

' was VBDZ [V blistered VVN and cc distained VVN VJ

EonbllIHHCTBO COBpeMeHHblX .Jl3bIKOB pa3MeTKH OCHOBaHO Ha <PopManH3Me SGML/XML, nocKOnhKY OH o6ecne•rnsaeT B03MO:>KHOCTh .RBHoro AOKyMeHTHposaHH.R ua6opa aTpH6yTOB H pa3Aen.11eT pa3MeTKY CTPYKTYpbr AOKyMeHTa, ero coAep:>KaHH.R H npeACTaBneHH.R nonh30BaTemo. IlpHBeAeM npHMep pa3MeTKH B HOTa1.vm CHHTaKcHca .R3hIKa XML.

III. IlpHMep pa3MeTKH Kopnyca pyccKHX TeKCTOB (.R3hIK pa3MeTKH B Mop<PonornqecKoH KOAHPOBKe HHTepHeT-cepsHca AOT):

<?xrnl version=" 1.0" encoding= "windows-1251" ?><text> <s><W>3BOHHllH<ana lemma="3BOHJ1Tb" pos="f" gram="MH,HC,Hn,11cT,npm", /></W>

<W>K<ana lemma="K" pos="flPE.!VI" gram="" /></w> <W>ae11epHe <ana lemma="BE'IEPlUI" pos="C" gram="lKp,e11,11T,np,Ho" /> <ana lemma="BE'IEPHJ1H" pos="II" gram="cp,e11,Kp" /></w> <pun>.</pun></s>

<S><W> ToplKeCTBellJllllit:<ana lemma= "TO P)f(ECTBEHHbIH" pos= "II'' gram= "Mp,e11,HM,BH" /></W>

<W>ryn<ana lemma="fYJI" pos="C" gram="Mp,e11,HM,BH,Ho" /></w> <W>KOllOKOllOB <ana lemma="KOJIOKOJI" pos="C" gram="Mp,MH,p11,tto" /> <ana lemma="KOJIOKOJIOB" pos="C" gram="Mp,<j>aM,e/1,HM,011" /></W> ................. ..... .... <pun>.</pun></s></text> .......................... .

217

EAHHHQeH MopcponornqecKoH paaMeTKH BbicTynaeT cnoso (Ter <w>). V1cxOAHaR cpopMa, ynoTpe6neHHaR B TeKcTe, aanHCbIBaeTcR nocne 3Toro Tera. MopcponornqecKHH paa6op cnosa aan11caH B 3neMeHTe <ana>, y KOTOporo ecTb aTp116yTb1:

• lernna - cnosapHrui: cpopMa B sepxHeM perncTpe; • pos 'laCTb pe'IH; • gran Mopcponorw1ecK11e npH3HaKH. Ka)i(,!\Oe cnoao MO)l(eT HMeTb OAHOBpeMeHHO HeCKOJibKO napannenh

HbIX pa36opoB, npeACTaBJieHHblX B nocne,!\OBaTeJibHOCTH 3JieMeHTOB <ana> CTocne paaperneHM HeO,!\H03Ha'IHOCTH (pyqHOrO HJIH aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOfO) B BbIXOAHOM npeACTaBJieHHH OCTaeTCR o6bi'IHO TOJibKO OAHH paa6op.

OKOH'laTenhHO cTaHAapTbI HanonHeHHJJ AJIR XML-Kopnycos e1L1e He CJIO)l(JiJIMCb. CpeAH KOHKyp11py10IL1HX Apyr c ApyroM CTaHAapTOB, Ha11-6onee 3Ha'IHMbl cneAY10IL111e: EAGLES (Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards), TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), 11 XCES (Corpus Encoding Standard for XML).

npaBHJia EAGLES (Recommendations ... - 3JieKTpOHHaR BepcHR) aa,1\alOT 061L1He npHHQHilbl C03AaHJ1R H AOKyMeHTHpOBaHHR KOpnycoB H HX MopcpocHHTaKCM'leCKOH paaMeTKH, a TaK)l(e pRA KOHKpeTHbIX perneHHH AJIR paaMeTKH onpeAeneHHbIX cnyqaes. B qacTHOCTH, OHH peKoMeHAYIOT npoBOAHTb neMMaTH3aQHIO. EAGLES TaJOKe npe,qnaraeT ,qae B03MO)l(HOCTH AJIR xpatteHM Mopcponorn'leCKOH pa3MeTKJ1: Ka)l():\bIH npH3HaK npe,qCTaBJieH OT):\eJibHblM aTp116yTOM (POS='W' nt.Jrber="sing"), HJIH MO)l(HO HCilOJib30BaTb CJIO)l(HYIO Mopcponorn'leCKYIO aHHOTaQHIO, B KOTOpOH 1.111cppbi COOTBeTCTBYIOT npH3HaKaM, HanpHMep, feats="V3011141101200" 03Ha'laeT rnaron, 3rd person, singular, finite, indicative, past tense, active, main verb, non-phrasal, non-reflexive form of a verb (cn11coK peKoMeH,qyeMbIX npH3HaKOB H l1X 3Ha'leHHH npe,!\CTaBJIReT co6ot1 'laCTb peKOMeH,qaQHH EAGLES). 0,qHaKo npas11na EAGLES He co,qep)l(aT roTOnoro tta-6opa Teros AJIR coJ,qaHHR Kopnyca.

CyIL1eCTBY10IL1He Kopnych1, JIHHrBHCTH'leCKaR paaMeTKa KOTOpbIX ocHOBaHa Ha SGML/XML, 11cnonb3YIOT CaMbie pa3Hbie c11cTeMbl KOAHposaHHJI. HanpHMep, BNC 11cnoJih3yeT COIF, ornoBaHHbIH Ha TEI; American National Corpus, Croatian National Corpus 11 AP· Hcnonb3YIOT XCES; ICE (International Corpus of English), Czech National Corpus H Hungarian National Corpus ucnonh3YIOT Ha116onee rnupoKo npHMeHHMbIH cTaH,qapT TEI.

218

,[(JUI pyccKoro .113hIKa cTaHAapT TEI 6brn aAanrn:poBaH C. A. lllapoBhIM H C.O.CaB'IYK (CaB'IYK 2005) H HCilOJib30BaH npH C03AaHJm HaQMOHaJibHOro Kopnyca pyccKoro JI3hIKa.

IlpHBeAeM ABa npHMepa pa3MeTKM B TEI Ha MopcponornqecKOM (1) H CJIOBOo6pa30BaTeJibHOM (2) ypoBHJIX:

(1) I didn't do it <w lenma="i" feats="ppl">I</w> <W> <W lenma="do" featS="wd"xlid</w> <m type="negation''>n't</m> </W> <W lenma="do'' feats="vv0''xlo</w> <w lenma="it" feats="pp3''>it</w>

(2) can[ortable <W type="adjective"> <m type="prefuc" baseform="con''>can</m> <m type="root''>fort</m> <m type="suffix''>able</m> </W>

HaM6onee pa3pa6oTaHttbn1 CTaHAapT AAA co6cTBeHHO JIHHrBMCTMqecKoH pa3MeTKH TeKCTOB - no XCES (Ide, Romary 2002), KOTOpbIH IlJiaHHpyeTCJI npesparn:Tb B Me)l(AyttapOAHbIH CTaHAapT B pycJie npoeKTa ISO TC37/SC4. XCES 3aAaeT a6cTpaKrny10 MemaMOAeJib, KOTOpaR o6ecne'IHBaeT cpeACTBa C03AaHH.ll scex pa3yMHbIX MOAeJieH JIMHfBHCTHqecKMX pa3MeTOK, YAOBJieTBopRIOlQHX npaBHJiaM EAGLES. ,[(AA 3Toro onpeAeJieHbI a6CTpaKTHbie Tern y3nos <struct>" Mx npH3HaKoB <feat>. ,[(n.11 Ka)l(AOro y3na AOJI)l(ett 6hITb 3aAaH ero THn, ttanpuMep, p- level, s-level, w-level, m-level cooTBeTcTBeHHO AAA a63aQeB, npeAJIO)l(eHHH, cnos H MopcpeM. 3To no3BOJUleT npeACTaBJIJITb MYJibTHcnosa KaK OAHY eAMHHQY attaJIH3a, ttanp11Mep, as well as B attrnMHCKOM HJIM rnaroJibI c OTAeJUieMbIMH npHCTaBKaMH, ttanpHMep, zunehmen B HeMeQKOM. Mo:>KHO TaK)l(e npoBOAHTb AeKOMil03MQHIO OAHOfO CJIOBa B npeAenax pa3MeTKH, HanpHMep, AJIJI zum KaK zu dem B HeMeQKOM.

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219

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1 TEI P4: An XML Version of TEI Guidelines. http://www.tei-c.org/P4X/ AB.htmlABTEI

2 Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange XML-compatible edition I ed. by C.M.Sperberg-McQueen, Lou Burnad. http://www.tei-c.org/ P4X/index.html

3 TeKylQyIO sep0110 3Toro AOKyMeHTa MO)l(HO Haiirn no aApecy. - http://wwwtei.uic.edu/orgs/tei/intros/teiu5.tei 11n11 ftp://info.ox.ac.uk/pub/ota/TEI/doc/teiu5. tei

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R3b!Ka: 6a30Bble npHHQHnbI 11 OCHOBHbie <l>YHKQl111 // HaQHOHaJibHb!H Kopnyc pyccKoro R3bIKa: 2003-2005. Pe3yJibTaTbI 11 nepcneKTHBbI. M., 2005. C. 62-88.

Recommendations for the morphosyntactic annotation of corpora, EAG-TC-WG-MAC/R. ftp://ftp.ilc.pi.cm.it/pub/ eagles/ corpora/ annotate. ps.gz

Ide N., Romary L. Standards for Language Resources II Proceedings of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC02). Las Palmas (Spain), 2002. P. 59-65.

Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange I ed. by C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, L.Burnard. [S.1.], 2001. - http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/TEI/P4X/ index.htmlhttp://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/TEI/P4X/index.html

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199004, C.-0eTep6ypr, B.O., 6-.R !IHHH.R, 11/21.

Ten. (812)328-96-17; cpaKc (812)328-44-22

E-mail: [email protected]

www. uni press. ru

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