Kinematics Chapter 1

By:Sheilla Miranda, ST

Newton Peranginangin, ST

KINEMATICSChapter 1

After Learning This Chapter, Students Should be Able to…Define motion

Distinguish between distance & displacementDistinguish between speed & velocityDistinguish between average velocity & instantaneous velocity Distinguish between average acceleration & instantaneous acceleration

Let’s Mapping Our Topic…

Motion

Kinematics

Dynamics


Kinematics

Rectilinear

Angular


Rectilinear

Uniform Rectilinear Motion

Uniform Accelerated Rectilinear Motion

Vertical Motion

What is kinematics?

Kinematics is the description

of motion of a particle without

referring to the forces andenergies that causes motion.

What is motion?

Motion is the change in position

of a particle with respect to time.

Remember This Terms!

Position is the location of an object

at one particular momentrelative to a particular

reference.

Position


The distance moved by the particle

is the length travelled by a particle without taking

into accountthe direction of its motion.

Distance


The displacement is the distance

travelled by the particlein a specific direction.

Displacement


Speed is the distance travelled

per unit time.

Speed


Velocity is the physical quantities

that describes both the speedand the direction of motion

of a particle.

Velocity


Acceleration is the rate of change

of velocity with respect to time.

Acceleration

Can U distinguish Them?Distance VS Displacement

Can U distinguish Them?Distance VS Displacement

distance: s = 4 cmdisplacement: x = 4 – 0 = +4 cm

distance: s = 4 cmdisplacement: x = -4 – 0 = -4 cm

distance: s = 5 + 4 = 9 cmdisplacement: x = 1 – 0 = +1 cm

distance: s = 4 cmdisplacement: x = -1 – (-5) = +4

cm

Can U distinguish Them?Speed VS Velocity


A motorbike rider heads out on a straight road for what should be a 300km trip. She goes 110km in 50 minutes and then realizes she has dropped her hand bag. She backtracks 50km in 20 minutes, finds the wallet and continues on her way. It takes her 2 hours to complete her journey.


a.What is her average speed of the rider?

b.What is her average velocity?


300 150 /2average velocity km h

110 50 240 200 /2average speed km h

Can U distinguish Them?Average Velocity VS

Instantaneous Velocity

•The average velocity of a particle is the displacement of the particle divided by the time interval.

Average Velocity

•The instantaneous velocity of a particle is the velocity measured at a particular moment.

Instantaneous Velocity

Solve This Problems!The motion of a particle travelling alongthe x-axis is described by the equation:

x(t) = 10t + 5t2a. Find the displacement of the particle

in the time interval between t1 = 1 s and t2 = 5 s.

b. Find the average velocity in this time interval.

c. Find the instantaneous velocity at time t = 3 s.

Check Your Answer…

a.x = 160 cmb.Average velocity = 40 m/s

c.Instantaneous velocity at t = 3 s is 40 m/s

Can U distinguish Them?Average Acceleration VS

Instantaneous Acceleration

•The average acceleration is define as the change in velocity divided by the change in time.

Average Acceleration

•The instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration measured at a particular moment.

Instantaneous Acceleration

Solve This Problems!A motorcycle moves with theequation of velocity as the

timefunction v = 3t2 – 5t + 4,in which v in m/s and t in

second.Determine the instantaneousacceleration at t = 3 s.

Check Your Answer…

By using differential calculation,

the instantaneous acceleration is:

a = 13 m/s2

Next…Read these sub-topics from your physics books:

•Uniform Rectilinear Motion•Uniform Accelerated Rectilinear Motion

•Vertical Motion

Kinematics Chapter 1

Documents

Transcript of Kinematics Chapter 1