Innovative small hydro plant

Innovative small hydro plant

Pavel RUDOLF, Miloslav HALUZA Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Energy Institute, V. Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering

2/20 | 2nd Annual Advanced Hydropower Generation Forum | London | 19.3.2013

V. Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering

◦ tradition since 1899

◦ strong cooperation with industrial partners (references:

Litostroj, Voith Hydro, ČEZ, Sigma Group, etc.)

◦ education

◦ innovative designs and expert services in the field of hydraulic

machines and systems



Our background:

◦ heavy hydraulic laboratory

◦ commercial and open CFD codes, cluster with 500 cores

◦ researchers with industrial experience



+ =

① Hydraulic design

② CFD optimization and verification

③ Laboratory testing

Scope of our work in the field of turbine design:


Small hydro power plants

Situation in the Czech Republic:

Past (before WW2): 13 000 small and micro HPPs Nowadays: 1 300 small and micro HPPs

POTENTIAL FOR REFURBISHMENT

▪ 52% of energy produced in HPPs with head up to 5 meters (DoujakProst, 1998)

▪ 45% of energy comes from HPPs which were set in operation before 1946 (DoujakProst,

1998)

▪ Exploitable capacity: 3 978 GWh/yr ▪ Exploited: 60% ▪ 40% of expoitable potential suitable for small and micro HPPs (World Energy Council, 2007)

▪ Similar share of economically feasible but unexploited potential also in Romania, Slovenia, Bulgaria and even higher in Turkey and Baltic states (PunysPelikan, 2007)

Recent survey by CEZ: there are more than 300 locations with head less than 3 meters, which so far unexploited NEED FOR ECONOMIC TECHNICAL SOLUTION


Swirl turbine

◦ first idea and patent in 2001 (prof. Pochylý)

◦ focused on very low head (H=1.5-3.5 m)

◦ reduction of technical complexity

◦ low manufacturing costs

◦ key design features: ❶ no guide vanes

❷ two (or more) fixed runner blades

❸ variable design layout


Kaplan vs. swirl turbine

○ adjustable guide vanes ○ adjustable runner blades ○ no swirl in the draft tube ○ Euler turbomach. eq.

𝜂ℎ𝑌 = 𝑢1𝑐𝑢1

Kaplan turbine swirl turbine

○ no guide vanes

○ fixed runner blades

○ mild swirl in the draft tube

○ Euler turbomach. eq. 𝜂ℎ𝑌 = −𝑢2𝑐𝑢2


Swirl turbine

mild swirl in the draft tube


Swirl turbine

best efficiency point parameters: 𝑛11 = 209 min−1 𝑄11 = 1.88 m3s−1 𝑛𝑠=1046 min−1

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

unit d

ischarg

e Q

11 /Q

op

t (1)

hydra

ulic

effic

iency:

hh/h

h o

pt

(%

)

unit speed: n11/n11opt (1)

Model runner 2-VT-194

hh Q11


Swirl turbine – unified range

Control:

① Frequency converter

② Number of units


Swirl turbine – different design layouts

Bulb swirl turbine:



Two-stage swirl turbine:

1st stage 2nd stage stator



Two-stage swirl turbine:



Siphon swirl turbine:



Siphon swirl turbine (laboratory test circuit):



Swirl turbine with permanent magnet ring generator:



Swirl turbine with permanent magnet disc generator:


Swirl turbine – reference locations

Bulb swirl turbine: Podhradí (Czech Rep.), 43 kW

19/20| 2nd Annual Advanced Hydropower Generation Forum | London | 19.3.2013

Swirl turbine – reference locations

Siphon swirl turbine: Krásněves (Czech Rep.), 10 kW


Conclusions

new type of turbine for very low heads

simple design, low manufacturing costs

various design layouts

first reference locations

patents, licensing

future development: tidal power plants increase of specific speed

further research supported by CEZ

2nd Annual Advanced Hydropower Generation Forum | London | 19.3.2013

Contacts:

Pavel RUDOLF: [email protected], +420 541 142 336

Miloslav HALUZA: [email protected], +420 541 142 348

Brno University of Technology

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Energy Institute


Credit to: prof. František Pochylý, Martin Hudec, Vladimír Habán, František Šob, doctoral students

Innovative small hydro plant

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