Η Ήπειρος υπό οθωμανική κυριαρχία

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Transcript of Η Ήπειρος υπό οθωμανική κυριαρχία

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Mouaeio, ae. eue. 2958 "al 2959).

View of Suli and its surrounding scenery from a window of the great fortress. EJEIX tOU LouAiouKIX'''1<; rr€etOX~<;IXrroto rrIXeci8ueo TOUfA€yciAouoxueoo. Aarrgop.cwg'l X"'Axoygctlpkx 'I',AOTexv'IP.iv'I

",rro TOVC. R. Cockerell, IXrro['IV ixooeJ'I TOU Thomas Smart Hughes Travels in Greeceand Albania. By the Rev. T S. Hughes B.D In Two Volumes, Volume 1, Second edition,

with considerable additions, Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street,London 1830 (Bl~At08~K'1 ''1<;BOUA~<;,wv EU~vwv).

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;Vj Pasha Vizier of Janana. 0 AA.~nrxacic;, 0 ~E(Uf2'1C;rwv IWIXvvtvwv. A7fo tryv

iJ<ooarJ rou Fran~ois Charles HuguesLaurent Pouqueville, Ttavels in Epirus,

Albania, Macedonia and ThessaIy. With 4engravings, London 1820

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