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GlobalAmenityMigration(withcasestudy&sustainabilitystrategyfortheSimilkameenValley,BC,Canada)

RESEARCH·SEPTEMBER2015

DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.3519.9208

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1AUTHOR:

LaurenceAllisterGordonMoss

InternationalAmenityMigrationCentre&GloriosoMos…

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Availablefrom:LaurenceAllisterGordonMoss

Retrievedon:02October2015

Global Amenity Migration©

(with case study and sustainability strategy for Similkameen Valley, BC, Canada)

Romella S. Glorioso, PhD & Laurence A.G. Moss, PhD

International Amenity Migration Centre

www.amenitymigration.org

Glorioso, Moss & Associates

www.gloriosomoss.com

Prepared for Winter 2014-2015

block course & lectures

Amenity Migration

people moving to places perceived as having a higher quality of natural environment and/or more distinctive culture to improve their quality of life

• multidimensional & complex phenomenon • both opportunity & threat to sustaining ecologies & their human communities

Source: Sonoran Institute (2006) Gallatin County’s Future: It’s Our Legacy

Amenity Valuing

© IAMC (2012)

19th c 20th c 21st c

late 19th C: “amenities” in forest management = meat, later re-creation

mid 20th C: natural “amenity resources” attracting people for regional development Ullman (1954), Perloff & Wingo (1964)

late 20th C: “amenity movers”/ “amenity migrants” Sofranko & Williams (1980), et al “amenity migration” Moss (1987), et al

Amenity Migration Mobility Web

A) Step-wise Movement

C) Serial Movement

1st AM Place

2nd AM Place

back to city

Tourist

Visit(s)

Multiple

Residence

Permanent

Residence

B) Direct Movement

Source: Moss & Glorioso (eds) (2014) Global Amenity Migration: Transforming Rural Culture, Economy & Landscape. New Ecology Press, Kaslo, BC & Spokane, WA, p. 144.

Mountain Amenity Migration Construct

(2010)

MOTIVATORS

FACILITATORS

© Glorioso & Moss, 2010

LEGEND: (+) factor/type strengthening/increasing; (-) factor/type weakening/decreasing; (M) for majority; (m) for

minority; (↓) importance of key facilitating and motivating factors decreases from top to bottom of list.

Source: Moss & Glorioso (eds) (2014) Global Amenity Migration: Transforming Rural Culture, Economy & Landscape. New Ecology Press, Kaslo, BC &

Port Townsend, WA, p. 13.

access technology (+) cost of living (+M, -m) comfort amenities (+) discretionary wealth (-M; +m) discretionary time (-)

metro (+) peri-urban (+) resort (+) gentrified (+) traditional rural (+)

amenity consumption (+) recreation (+)

metropolitan life (+) economic gain (+)

aesthetic/ metaphysical experience (-M, +m)

climate change (+)

environmental (-) socio-cultural (-)

economic (+, -) political (+,-)

technological (+)

MOTIVATORS FACILITATORS

SPATIAL FORM IMPACTS

DOMINANT NEOLIBERAL

POLITICAL ECONOMY

I

M

P

O

R

T

A

N

C

E

I

M

P

O

R

T

A

N

C

E

Key Impacts of Amenity Migration

Biophysical • Extensive & excessive land use = sprawl over land (“green sprawl”) • High land conversion to residential use • Stress & degradation of ecological systems/ services • Fragmentation of natural habitats • Reduction & destruction of landscape & scenic beauty

Economic • Some diversification & development of local economies • Some increase in jobs (mainly service sector) • Inflow of capital (mainly for real estate development)

© IAMC, 2015

Key Impacts of Amenity Migration

Socio-cultural

• New ideas & new lifeways

• Significant increase in cost of living w/ increasing

income disparity between local born & raised

and many amenity migrants

• Spatial & social displacement of local born & raised/

modest income amenity migrants

• Heightened sense of impermanence

due to multi-dwelling & less than “permanent” dwelling

• Often loss of locals’ political control

© IAMC, 2015

RESPONSES TO AMENITY MIGRATION

REACTIVE PROACTIVE

PRESENT • little understanding or slow realization

• unstrategic, piece meal & reactive

response

• anti-planning ethic with change

being ratified not guided

EMERGING • growing local articulation of dissatisfaction

& opposition to degrading change

• more planners understanding pattern &

significance

• increasing search for means to address

the movement & benefit locally from it © IAMC, 2015

• increase systemic knowledge about amenity migration and its effects

• greater attention to managing amenity migration for both sustainability & pleasure of the greater community

• considerably more strategic, innovative & radical thinking and management methods

Key Recommendations

© IAMC, 2015

Sustainable Similkameen Valley

STRATEGY (2011-2020)

See two chapters below in Moss, L.A.G. & Glorioso, R.S., eds. (2014) Global Amenity Migration: Transforming Rural Culture,

Economy & Landscape, The New Ecology Press, Kaslo, BC & Port Townsend, WA, 435 pp.

Glorioso, R.S. The role of amenities in crafting a regional sustainability strategy: The Similkameen Valley in Western Canada,

pp 137-159.

Glorioso, R.S. Planning for sustainable living in high amenity communities: Charting the course in an era of unprecedented

climate change and uncertainty, pp 407-425.

Similkameen Valley, BC, Canada Photograph courtesy of Wines of Canada, Autumn 2010

SOUTH OKANAGAN

Note: Maps are from The State of Fish & Fish Habitat in the Okanagan

& Similkameen Basins , Fisheries & Ocenas Canada, et al.

(2005).

5.9%

3.4% 5.3%

Column2 Column3

Column1

Similkameen Valley

British Columbia

South Okanagan Valley (adjacent)

Population Growth Rate (2000-2005)

Key Findings

• Amenity-led migration in the Valley has been significant

64%

16% 9%

5% 6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Amenitymigrant

Economicmigrant

Localperson

Returnedresident

Other

Valley Population Resident Type

born

RESPONDENTS’ TOP THREE REASONS FOR MOVING/RESIDING IN SIMILKAMEEN VALLEY

AMENITY MIGRANTS

ECONOMIC MIGRANTS

LOCAL BORN & RAISED

RETURNED RESIDENTS

OTHERS

“To enjoy clean air” (68%)

“To enjoy clean rivers and lakes” (54%)

“To enjoy clean air” (67%)

“Because of the climate” and “To live in rural community” (tied at 64%)

“To enjoy clean air” , and “To enjoy clean rivers and lakes” (tied at 60%)

“To enjoy clean rivers and lakes”, “Because of the climate”, “For peace and quiet” (tied at 62%)

“For a job” (51%) “To enjoy clean rivers” and lakes” and “Because of mountains and mountain views” (tied at 52%)

“To enjoy clean rivers and lakes” and “For peace and quiet” (tied at 54%);

“To live in an area of diverse plants/wildlife”, “For peace and quiet” , “To live in a safer place”, & “To live in a rural community” (tied at 53%)

“Because of mountains and mountain views”(50%).

“To enjoy clean air” & “Because of the climate” (tied at 49%)

“Because of the climate” and “For peace and quiet” (tied at 48%)

“To enjoy clean air”, “Because of mountains and mountain views”, and “To live in a safer place” (tied at 46%).

“Because of the climate”, and “Because of mountains and mountain views” (tied at 47%)

Permanent amenity migrants are not affluent. Their

median income in 2007 was CDN$ 45,000.

40% lower than local born & raised

35% lower than economic migrants

Does not refer to total wealth of resident type.

Separaterecyclablegarbage

Conservehouseholdenergy use

Avoid use ofpesticides

Use lowimpact or

non-motorized

forms

Use nativeplants

Use low-flush toilet

Use solarpanels or

wind energy

Share a rideto work

Usexeriscaping

Bicycle towork

Use greywater for

watering thelawn

Use publictransport

Drive ahybrid car

Amenity migrant 93% 88% 66% 45% 44% 43% 23% 19% 20% 7% 7% 4% 0.7%

Economic migrant 97% 89% 60% 51% 35% 38% 24% 27% 22% 11% 3% 5% 0%

Returned resident 90% 100% 80% 50% 50% 60% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Local person 67% 76% 62% 33% 38% 48% 24% 19% 14% 5% 5% 5% 0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

% P

arti

cip

atio

n

Attend publichearings

Participate incommunitymeetings

Volunteer time& skills

Donate money Other

Amenity migrant 44% 42% 34% 39% 5%

Economic migrant 60% 46% 54% 54% 11%

Local person 48% 57% 43% 29% 0%

Returned resident 73% 36% 46% 46% 9%

Other 47% 60% 40% 33% 7%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Economic migrants are more

resource-conserving and

participate more in the

community than amenity

migrants.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Attendpublic

hearings

Participate incommunitymeetings

Volunteertime & skills

Donatemoney

Others

permanent seasonal intermittent

Separaterecyclablegarbage

Use solar panelsUse native

plantsAvoid use of

pesticidesConserve

energy useUse low-flow

flush toilet

Non-motorizedoutdoor

recreationXeriscaping Use grey water

Use publictransportation

Share ride Bicycle to work Drive hybrid car Others

permanent 86% 9% 31% 63% 80% 34% 42% 10% 3% 2% 8% 4% 3% 3%

seasonal 88% 19% 44% 56% 81% 63% 44% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 0% 6%

intermittent 92% 19% 50% 69% 81% 46% 42% 12% 19% 8% 8% 12% 0% 0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Part-time amenity migrants have more

resource-conserving values and

behaviour and participate more in the

community compared to permanent

amenity migrants.

“Age” is the most important factor

influencing migrants’ conservation

values and behaviour and community

participation – generally, the younger

the more conserving.

1) Analysis is anchored on achieving clearly stated,

and agreed upon mission, objective or strategic

concern.

2) Focus on understanding of the strategic environment

(external analysis) resulting to gaining insights of the

uncertainties of the future.

3) Use of intuitive logic scenarios approach to bound

uncertainties, complexities & issues

4) Iterative and participatory.

5) Continuous scanning and monitoring (surveillance) =

deals more effectively with CHANGE.

MSSP Characteristics

MISSION STATEMENT

To establish a

socio-cultural, economic

and environmental

sustainability strategy

for the

Similkameen Valley

that will maintain and

enhance the quality of

our rural and

small town lifestyle.

MISSION OBJECTIVES

1. Celebrate the socio-cultural and bio-physical diversity of our Valley.

2. Protect our Valley’s water, land, air quality

and biodiversity.

3. Promote a diverse Valley economy with multiple opportunities.

4. Maintain a physically, culturally and spiritually healthy Similkameen Valley.

5. Propose a means to implement, monitor and evaluate our Valley’s sustainability strategy.

6. Increase the participation of Similkameen Valley residents in achieving this mission.

Scenario Logics Quadrants

increasing local

role in public policy

decision-making

for sustainability

decreasing demand for amenity places

increasing demand for amenity places

decreasing local

role in public policy

decision-making

for sustainability

Scenario A:

Rural Engagement

(+,+)

Scenario D:

5 Grand Cities

(+,-)

Scenario C:

Tough Times

(-,-)

Scenario B:

Gradual Shift

(-,+)

Source: Glorioso, Moss & Assocs. and Similkameen Valley Planning Society (2010) Sustainable Similkameen Strategy.

How will the World impact Similkameen Valley? SCENARIOS KEY

CHARACTERISTICS

A: Rural

Engagement

B: Gradual

Shift C: Tough Times D: 5 Grand Cities

In-migration

(mainly for natural

environment & rural lifestyle)

HIGH

MODERATE

VERY LOW

LOW

high migration to

urban centres

Local role in governance

federal & BC

(for supporting sustainability)

HIGH

decentralized

governance

LOW

centralized

governance

LOW

centralized

governance

HIGH (Urban)

LOW (Rural)

decentralized urban

governance

Shift in societal values

(for supporting sustainability)

HIGH

resource

conservers

predominate

LOW & SLOW

mixed

VERY LOW

resource

consumers

predominate

MODERATE

mixed

Economic development

(with rural/urban distribution of

benefits)

MODERATE

high rural/urban

equality

LOW & SLOW

moderate

rural/urban

equality

VERY LOW

favours cities

HIGH & LOW

high urban,

low rural

First Nations

self-determination HIGH

LOW to

MODERATE LOW MODERATE

Climate change action

(collaborative action & shift to

alternative energy)

• Global warming

• Interior BC

temperature

increase

(1900-2040)

HIGH

MODERATE

+ 2.0⁰C

LOW to

MODERATE

MEDIUM

+ 2.4⁰C

LOW

HIGH

+3.5⁰C

MODERATE to

HIGH

MEDIUM

+2.5⁰C

Sustain & rehabilitate the

Valley’s environmental &

natural resources health

Sustain & strengthen

the Valley’s

socio-cultural integrity

Increase the Valley’s

sustainable economic

activity

Increasing residents’

participation in governance

Adapting & mitigating

climate change effects

Attracting migrants that

assist mission achievement

(amenity, economic, climate change

migrants)

Conserving use of natural

resources & environment

(water, air, land, forest, range, wildlife)

Providing appropriate housing

Community Development of

Indian Bands

Building a Valley-wide

Community

Developing sustainable

economic activities

3 STRATEGIC THRUSTS

8 KEY VALLEY ISSUES STRATEGY MUST ADDRESS

Undertake a demographic forecast for

Scenario B.

Increase involvement of Valley

residents in especially strengthening

local social & cultural institutions &

activities ( & secondarily, in influencing

senior governments decisions, through

participation in elections, & volunteer

community development & conservation

organizations & government committees

& boards).

Thrust 1 Sustain & strengthen the

Valley’s socio-cultural integrity

Attract (compete for) in-migrants

having values that complement the

mission objectives of sustaining the

quality of its environmental amenities

and small-town lifestyle. *

Provide housing that helps the Valley

develop a balanced population

(children, workers and retirees).

Strengthen a Valley-wide sense of

community belonging through

heightening awareness and value of

Valley‘s rich cultural & biological

diversity and natural & cultural history.

Thrust 2 Sustain & rehabilitate the Valley’s environmental & natural resources health

Thrust 3 Increase the Valley’s

sustainable economic activity

Mitigate and adapt to climate change

by increasing local environmental

conservation, efficiency of resource use

& shifting to alternative energy.

Improve water management

significantly and integrate management

into Valley-specific climate change

(especially in Scenario B context).

Develop environmental management.

Regulate housing & residential

development for conservation of

especially land, water and energy & air

quality.

Attract (compete for) in-migrants

having values that complement the

Valley’s mission objectives of sustaining

the quality of its environmental

amenities and small-town lifestyle.

Increase and improve public

planning.

Increase economic diversity and

value.

Increase access to housing,

especially for market entry-level families

of young in-migrants and local born.

Formulate a Valley-wide Sustainable

Economic Development Plan & a

mechanism to implement it.

Attract (compete for) knowledge-

intensive, innovative and resource-

conserving in-migrants (from among

potential amenity migrants, economic

migrants, climate change migrants).

3 Thrusts 11 Tactics

Key Strategy Use to Date (2014)

• formally adopted by local & regional governments,

but limited commitment to implementation

• limited guide for comprehensive watershed &

water management assessment and action plan

• framework for 2 rural electoral district’s

1st Official Community Plan (OCP)

• calibration of 2 principal municipalities’ OCPs

• limited guide for Valley sustainable tourism plan

• integrated with the Valley’s new Biodiversity

Strategy

• residents’ further engagement in strategy

implementation

The International Amenity Migration Centre

www.amenitymigration.org