Freyssinet - Soils et structures - 225 - Reinforced Earth ...

THE FREYSSINET GROUP MAGAZINE&StructuresSoils

N°

225 F

irst

hal

f 2007

REALIZATIONS A FIRST IN AUSTRALIA FOR THE MENARD VACUUM METHOD

COMPANY NUKEM LIMITED

HISTORY SHOTCRETE

REINFORCED EARTHExpertise in industrial applications

Sustainable Technology

PANORAMAIN BRIEF 2

WIDE ANGLE SIGNATURE BRIDGE IN MOSCOW 6

REPORTREINFORCED EARTHExpertise in industrial applications 8

REALIZATIONSBALLINA BY-PASS(AUSTRALIA) 14

FERNEY TUNNEL (SWITZERLAND) 16

KONIN BRIDGE (POLAND) 17

CABLED STRUCTURES (SOUTH KOREA) 18

PRESTRESSED FLOORS (SINGAPORE) 19

MONTERREY METRO (MEXICO) 20

SRINAKARIN-THEPARAKCROSSROADS (THAILAND) 21

SWANSON DOCK WEST (AUSTRALIA) 21

SOUTH HOOK TERMINAL (UNITED KINGDOM) 22

SEREBRYANY BOR BRIDGE (RUSSIA) 24

WINSCHOTEN WINDMILL (HOLLAND) 26

NEW ACLAND COAL MINE (AUSTRALIA) 27

ALLONNE BRIDGE (FRANCE) 28

ADRIATIC LNG TERMINAL (SPAIN) 30

BAYONNE TANK (UNITED STATES) 30

OUR PROFESSIONJET GROUTING 31

COMPANYNUKEM LIMITED 32

HISTORYSHOTCRETE 34

No fear ofheavy loads for ReinforcedEarthCanada. In Snider Diamond, nearToronto (Canada), the Group’ssubsidiary Reinforced Earthdesigned and supplied theelements for and assisted with the construction of a 10,000 m2

Reinforced Earth railwayinterchange. Clad with TerraClasscruciform facing panels, the structure has been designedto withstand the heavy loads of a goods transport line thatcrosses a suburban railway line.An architectural treatment has been applied to the facing onthe part of the wall facingresidential buildings.

ObituaryUnited Kingdom.Gordon Wright died on14th March this year,aged 74, in Devon,England, where he andhis wife Pauline hadretired in 1986. GordonWright was ManagingDirector of PSCEquipment Ltd, thecompany that precededFreyssinet Ltd in theUnited Kingdom. He

joined PSC in 1957, as a Sales Engineer, when thecompany was the Freyssinet licensee, and wasappointed Managing Director in 1967. STUP acquiredthe controlling interest in PSC in 1972, followingwhich Gordon established subsidiaries in Hong Kong,Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Nigeria,contributing significantly to the internationaldevelopment of Freyssinet and its pre-eminence inthe English-speaking world. Everyone who knewGordon will remember him as a warm, exceptionallydynamic man. The Freyssinet group would like to extend its sincere condolences to his family.

Completion of the SOBRRstay cable installationThailand. Work has just finished on the Southern Outer Bangkok Ring Road (SOBRR),between Bang Phli and Suksawat, on a bridge crossing the Chao Phraya river in an indus-trial area. The structure is a symmetrical cable-stayed bridge with two 950 m long pylonsand a 500 m main span. The structure has six traffic lanes. After supplying the 168 whitestay cables of the main bridge, Freyssinet and Freyssinet Thailand completed the instal-lation and adjustment work in June. The work lasted 12 months and involved 55 people.

P A N O R A M A

CONTENTS

1,500,000 m2 of dynamiccompaction

Canal bridge raisingFrance. As part of the European class Va enlargement(1,500/3,000 tonnes) of the Dunkirk-Escaut-Lille canal, nine roadbridges must be raised along this essential link of the Nord – Pas-de-Calais regional waterway. This major operation, scheduledover 18 months, has been entrusted to Freyssinet. After lifting the decks, the structure’s bearings will be rebuilt, the abutmentsreinforced and new expansion joints installed.

Saudi Arabia. Ménard has been awarded the soil impare-ment contract for 1.5 million m2 platform for the plannedconstruction of the King Abdullah Science and TechnologyUniversity. The site is located approximately 50 km north ofJeddah, on the shores of the Red Sea. The work will involvedynamic compaction and dynamic replacement.

“SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY”AT THE SERVICEOF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY

Freyssinet played an active partin the French civilian nuclearprogramme when it was

launched by the government inthe 1970s. The business leadersand engineers of the day madethe technical choices thatcontributed to the durability andsafety of the construction of thereactor buildings. As a result, theprestressing in all of the vaults inFrance used the Freyssinetsystem. At the same time, ourteams were involved in structuralmaintenance, strengthening,monitoring and repair activities,enabling us to acquire new skills,particularly with regard toworking in a radioactiveenvironment. We have beenexpanding rapidly in the nuclearfield since 2004, first taking overSalvarem, which has expertise indecommissioning and radiationsafety, and then Mecatiss, whichspecialises in fire protection andsealing. Next, Millennium joinedus in 2006, boosting ourengineering capabilities in thefield of criticality in particular,followed in 2007 by Essor,which provides service andlogistics for nuclear operators.This means that we now havean excellent set of specialitiescovering all phases of thenuclear cycle of construction-maintenance-service-deconstruction and involvessome 500 employees in France.We have just considerablyexpanded the geographicalscope of these activities withthe acquisition of NUKEMLimited in the United Kingdomin May. This 900-strongcompany (including 400

engineers and scientists) isrepresented on many of the keynuclear sites in Great Britain; itsactivities and expertisestrengthen and supplementthose of the French operation. As France and the UnitedKingdom are the two main nuclearnations in Europe, Freyssinet isnow in a leading position in allactivities to provide support tonuclear operators. We are currently capable ofsuccessfully tackling the newphase of development of nuclearpower in a great many countriesworldwide. It is a power sourcethat produces low greenhousegas emissions and provides analternative to fossil fuels (petrol,gas, coal).It is a programme that involvesland remediation in France,Great Britain and elsewhere inthe world. Our teams have theright expertise for these complextechnical operations. ■

Bruno DupetyChairman of Freyssinet

88 stay cables on the DanubeHungary. The Megyeri bridge is underconstruction in Budapest. This 4 km longstructure is a key component of the city’snew ring road, and will cross the Danubeto link Buda and Pest, the western andeastern halves of the Hungarian capital.Pannon Freyssinet, the Group’s Hungariansubsidiary, is in charge of the design andinstallation of the structure’s 88 staycables, which will take place with theassistance of the Freyssinet Structuresdivision between now and 2008. With palegray outer pipes and ranging in lengthfrom 55 to 163 m, the cables are fitted,depending on their length, with IEDs(Internal Elastomeric Dampers), IHDs(Internal Hydraulic Dampers) orIRDs (Internal Radial Dampers). Thebridge will be open to traffic in 2008.

Stone columns in the heart of ParisFrance. In the 13th arrondissement of Paris, Ménard carried out a major project involving the installation of 3,800 ml of stone columns for Sicra(VINCI Construction France), prior to constructing a 6/7 storey building with 2 underground levels. The solution proposed by Ménard was selected as it was more economical than a structural floorsupported on deep pile foundations. With the Ménardsolution, the columns only extend to a depth of 5 m instead of 25 m with the piles. 750 columns,supporting a general raft foundation, were thereforeinstalled to treat a total surface area of 3,000 m2.This is only the second time that this Ménardtechnique has been used in the construction of high-rise buildings. For the company, the project conditionswere both atypical, due to the urban setting, and difficult, due to the location of the work platformat the bottom of the excavation and the need to coordinate the work with other companies.

United States. Since Spring 2006, Reinforced Earth has beeninvolved in the reconstruction of Route 18, one of the mainroutes in New Jersey. The company is more specificallyinvolved in the construction of new hard shoulders designedto improve safety and ease traffic congestion in the verybuilt-up areas. For the project, RECo designed and suppliedthe access ramps for four bridges and seven retaining walls,and was also responsible for the design and methods usedfor the safety barriers and parapets on the access ramps. To blend in with the environment and look like real stone,the structures’ facings were hand-painted and coloured. Thecontract is to be extended with the supply of a prefabricatedTechSpan arch, which will be built at a later date.

15,800 m2 ofFreyssisol wallsMorocco. Northern Morocco is an important trade routebetween Africa and Europe, but suffers from a lack of roadlinks. To open up the region, the Mediterranean ring road projectis underway, which will see the improvement of 250 km of existing roads and the construction of 300 km of new roads.On the El Jebha-Beni Boufrah section, a mountainous area ofMoroccan Riff characterized by slopes that are often unstable,Terre Armée France and the Italian Salini group suggestedFreyssisol walls as an alternative to very high, reinforcedconcrete buttress walls. A total of 21 structures were ordered,with heights ranging from 8 to 16 m and lengths from 100 to 500 m (total area: 15,800 m2). The work started inNovember 2006 and should be completed at the end of 2007.

On Route 18

Earthquake-resistant soilimprovementFrance. In Bourgoin-Jallieu(Isère), Ménard has installed2,800 controlled moduluscolumns (CMC) at a depth of 6 m to improve the soil in anearthquake zone on which aclinic is to be built. To preventdamages to the structure frompotential earthquakes, a 40 cmbackfill isolating cushion wasinstalled between the top of theCMC and the foundation slabs,and reinforcing bars (HA20)have been installed on theupper 2.50 m of the columns.

P A N O R A M A

4 Soils & Structures First half 2007

RecordprestressingprojectDubai. Work has begun in Dubai on the construction of one of the largest shopping centres in the world, which will also be the site of one of the highest towers.This site is crossed by artificialchannels linked by a number ofbridges. Freyssinet Middle East isinvolved in the construction of four of these, with lengths of 400, 210, 167 and 140 m, and issupplying the prestressing (1,520 t)and providing technical support. For this project, the company had tocreate a 70 m long concrete modelprestressed with a 37-strand cable to determine the effectivenessof the sheath injection.

Access ramps in seriesBrazil. As part of the RJ-140 expansion project in the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Group’s Brazilian subsidiary Terra Armada has been assisting with the construction of two bridges since September 2006. It has designed and is supplying the materials for the Reinforced Earth access ramps covering an area of 7,870 m2. Further north, in the town of Natal, Terra Armada has designed similar structures to access a new 1.78 km long and 21 km wide bridge crossingthe Potengi river. The walls, clad with TerraClass panels, cover an area of 5,646 m2.

33 floors of prestressedconcrete floorsMalaysia. On the island of Penang, in the north-west of Malaysia, prestressed concrete floor has again been chosenfor a high-rise building project, the Skyhome (33 floors,55,000 m2), which is currently under construction. The design, supply and installation of 300 metric tonnes of steel required for the lot has been entrusted to Freyssinet’s Malaysian subsidiary. The scheduled completiondate is September 2007.

Stay cables and prestressingUnited States. In Parkersburg, on the borders of West Virginiaand Ohio, Freyssinet is involved in building a new bridge crossingthe Ohio, the Blennerhasset Island Bridge. This 265 m longstructure has a prestressed deck suspended by two planes of 26 stay cables. Freyssinet is responsible for installing the staycables and prestressing the deck.

Dynamic replacement, dynamic compaction and CMCGermany. In Hamburg, BVT Dyniv, the German subsidiary of Ménard, completed a Dynamic replacement project (70,000 m2) for a platform on which the H&M warehouseswill be constructed. The subsidiary also started work on two projects in Tuttligen, near Stuttgart: a dynamic compaction operation for a logistics warehouse and a CMCproject for a housing complex.

Sliding under the PLM lineFrance. For the second time last spring in Avignon, the FreyssinetCentralised Cables and Handling Department (SCCM) used the patented APS (Air Pad Transport System) sliding techniquecoupled with heavy-duty shoring (Megasteel). This time, the structure installed under the Paris-Lyon-Marseille line was a2,200 tonne rail bridge. The operation was successfully completedin two and a half hours.

PANORAMAPANORAMA

First half 2007 Soils & Structures 5

This 100 m high plus metal structure under construction on the outskirts ofMoscow is not the highest peak of the Russian mountains in a new theme park,but the keystone of the arch of the Serebryany Bor bridge, a geometrically com-plex structure with a groundbreaking stay cable arrangement that put the cal-culation capabilities of a number of software packages to the test (see also p.24).

Signature Bridge in Moscow

W I D E A N G L E


1

EXPERTISE IN REINFORCED EARTH:INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

R E P O R T R E T A I N I N G A N D P R O T E C T I N G


Reinforced Earth technologies have widened their scopeof application to beyond just roads in thirty years,demonstrating their advantages in the industrial world.Mines, storage facilities, river and marine siteshaveall used retaining walls, storage silos and dumpor protective structures designed by companiesin the global Reinforced Earth network. An overviewof markets and business in North America, Australiaand South Africa.

Marking Reinforced Earth’s suc-cess in the field of roads, the

durability and simple installationof TechSpan arches and retainingstructures explain their ever-increasing use in industrial appli-cations. The technology adapts toany structure, regardless of height,load, appearance or shape. Tailoredfor specific applications, these pre-fabricated solutions can also moreoften than not be installed by theclients themselves after a shorttraining course. It's simple then,and it’s also fast:“Construction pace is normally dic-tated by the rate of backfilling andcompacting,” observes AndrewSmith, director of RESA (SouthAfrica), “and when the earthworksare finished, so is the structure.”For John Shall, key account man-ager with RECo USA, another majoradvantage is “the support for theproduct provided by a team ofhighly experienced engineers andtechnicians, both in the designoffice and on site".

Other selection criteria

The qualities of Reinforced Earthsolutions are winning over industry.“We are targeting private clientswho are far more open to alterna-tive solutions; the price is notalways therefore the selection cri-terion in a call for tenders,” empha-sizes Thomas Brunet, OperationsManager for RECo Canada. NicolasFreitag, R&D director of ReinforcedEarth, notes an interest in its field ofspecialization: “With these appli-cations, our R&D unit can moreeasily propose innovations

1. French legislation stipulates theconstruction of retaining walls aroundliquefied gas tanks. To meet thisrequirement, Reinforced Earth barriersclad with TerraSet facing panels were fitted around the ammonia tankson the Montoir-de-Bretagne site, in the autonomous port of Nantes –Saint-Nazaire in 1998.2. . Reinforced Earth retaining walls in the Steepbank mines in Canada.3. Thanks to its flexibility, ReinforcedEarth can be used to build spectacularstructures like this open-air storagesilo or glory hole built in Alberta,Canada in 1983.

▼ ▼

2

3


“By recycling their spoil as backfill for the retainingwalls, Reinforced Earth enables mining companies to make considerable savings.”

that will then give us new impe-tus in roads. We intend to make themost of an anchored CompositeEarth® structure built last year inSouth Africa.” Finally, industrialapplications have the advantage ofgenerating long-term relationshipswith clients. Having built a firststructure for fifteen to twenty years,they come back to the company forvarious adjustments such as allow-ing heavier machinery through,raising the structure, extending itslifespan etc. The most significantof all the industrial applications ofReinforced Earth MSE walls is inmining, a sector that is undergo-ing tremendous growth worldwide.“Due to the huge quantities of back-fill generated, our solutions repre-sent a major asset in this sector,”continues Nicolas Freitag. InCanada, RECo has long been pro-posing that its mining clients usetheir spoil as backfill for retainingwalls. “This has to be taken intoaccount in structure design andconstruction techniques and labo-ratory tests are therefore necessaryto check the interactions on a testwall. It pays off, however, as miningcompanies can save considerablesums of money,” says ThomasBrunet. Reinforced Earth builds notonly retaining walls but also truckdump structures on mining sites.Once extracted, the material mustpass through a crusher or screeningunit, machines which are fed fromabove. Access ramps have to be

built so that the dumpers can tiptheir loads into the supply hoppers.

Conveyer tunnels

In Australia, where Reinforced Earthalso supplies TechSpan arches to cre-ate conveyor tunnels, the ReinforcedEarth dump walls can be up to 15 or20 m high and are covered with dif-ferent types of facing, concrete (Ter-raClass) or steel (TerraMet), “depend-ing on the distance from the mine tothe precasting site and the miningproduct corrosion potential,” explainsJohn Ritchie, RECo (Australia) salesand marketing director. The SouthAfrican company RESA provides Ter-raClass, TerraMet and TerraTrel facingpanels primarily for dump structures,but also for coal storage and protec-tive structures, not only in Africa butalso Central America and Russia. Ithas specifically developed a very rigidTerraTrel facing panel for dumpstructures.Partly linked to mining activities,storage facilities – from open-castmineral reservoirs (storage slots) tomunitions shelters – are the secondlargest industrial application forReinforced Earth.Their uniqueness lies in the fact thatspecial foundations are not generallyrequired. John Shall mentions theuse of TechSpan arches in the con-struction of protective structuresdesigned for munitions storage fordefense applications: “This solution,which has the advantage of beingvery quick to build, is econom-

▼ ▼

1. The Reinforced Earth dump structures on the Australian NewAcland mining site are designed to withstand the maneuvers of a 280 tonne dumper over a 25-year period (see also page 27).2. On the site of the Sishen mine (South Africa, ReinforcedEarth built a 14 m high wall using the TerraTrel and TerraNailtechniques (anchored Composite Earth® is used to build a very high MSE structure only a very short distance from awall).3. In Tokyo (Japan), the Eco-Cement plant is supported by a 2,230 m2 Reinforced Earth structure peaking at 10.50 m.

1

▼ ▼



2 3

DOSSIER




ically comparable to other tech-niques such as pour-in-place con-crete and steel structures, but is farlonger lasting – and very easy toinstall given that it is prefabricated.”In South Africa, RESA has won sev-eral contracts for mineral reservoirs,coal storage – slot storage facilitiesand glory holes, “small cone-shapedstorage silos”, explains AndrewSmith, RESA director. He adds thatthe company is currently workingon two structures of this type –9,600 t and 50,000 t – totaling20,000 m2. Certain other industrialsectors are also interested in retain-ing walls as protective structures, as

they can be used as a shield againstexplosions, fires or accidental spil -lages. “These ductile structures canabsorb substantial amounts of ener -gy without breaking,” says NicolasFreitag. They are therefore used inCanada and the US in the construc-tion of bases for liquefied naturalgas tanks. The Reinforced Earthstructure serves as a containmentvault in the event of leaks, prevent-ing the gas, oil or any other blazingproduct from dispersing into theenvironment, particularly towardneighboring tanks. In South Africa,this flourishing market extends tosome novel uses. “Metal-faced pro-

tective walls have been built alongthe taxiways of a military air base,”indicates Andrew Smith.

Marine and waterway -landscaping

The final section of Reinforced Earth’srange of industrial applications cov-ers specific structures for river andmarine sites: quays, quay walls forindustrial docking facilities and over-flow weirs. Submerged structuresrequire special reinforcement. Rein-forced Earth is also called on todesign unconventional applications:“We used Reinforced Earth MSEstructures to construct an upstream

dam wall and the surrounds for thespillway. We are currently raising anexisting dam in South Africa bymeans of a wall of very modestheight,” adds Nicolas Freitag. Whenasked what the most promisingapplications are for the future, JohnShall pinpoints the energy sector,whereas Andrew Smith is bankingon the mining industry: “The Indianand Chinese economies, with theirhigh level of demand, are causingan increase in the production of rawmaterials. River transport equipmentwill therefore have to be adapted tothese new production volumes.” InCanada, RECo anticipates that thegypsum, gold, diamond and zincmines and coal storage facilities willcontinue to bring in business.Thomas Brunet nevertheless believesthat the future success of the com-pany depends also on its ability toadapt: “We are frequently called on todiscuss a client’s unique require-

The retaining walls can be used as ramparts offering a shield against explosions, fires and accidental spillages.

▼ ▼

1

DOSSIERDOSSIER


ment, where a specific solution isneeded. With this in mind, we havedeveloped a new, cheaper retainingwall facing that we call TerraTrel Lite.”

The benefit of technical advice

In Australia, where the ReinforcedEarth name is extremely well-known,clients regularly contact RECo fortechnical advice. “The company’sdecision to provide this serviceundoubtedly constitutes a competi-tive advantage, which should con-tinue to open doors to us,” believesJohn Ritchie. “Our after-sales serviceand the effectiveness of our prod-ucts will contribute to maintainingour reputation and our leadership.”Nicolas Freitag predicts that the mostpromising activities are dykes andmining structures, “but not neces-sarily in the countries that currentlyhave the highest construction fig-ures. Some deposits will be worked

out. Others will therefore have to befound and new structures created.Nickel mines are currently expandingin Bulgaria, whilst mining operationsare picking up in New Caledonia,Africa and South America. All thesefine prospects will help us moveslightly further away from depend-ence on one main client – road con-struction.” Thomas Brunet remainspragmatic, emphasizing the issue ofquality of service as a component ofsuccess: “It is up to us to provide arapid response and timely deliv-

ery…” Leaving nothing to chance,the Reinforced Earth companies alsoplan to play the synergies game.“With an increasingly coordinatedmarket approach, in conjunctionwith Freyssinet and DGI Menard, wewill outstrip the competition throughour ability to respond more globallyto the industrial market,” foreseesJohn Shall. Thomas Brunet sharesthis view: “We are involved in jointventures on projects with other com-panies of the Group, and global con-sulting engineering companies

appreciate our ability to offer inter-national contacts.” “In Australia, weare still a long way from taking fulladvantage of belonging to an inter-national group,” acknowledges JohnRitchie, “but we hope that collabo-ration with other Reinforced Earthcompanies will become a reality inthe near future.” RESA in South Africais already well ahead of the field as itis working very closely with TerraArmada in Brazil on projects for Por-tuguese-speaking African countrieslike Angola. ■

2

3

4

1. Construction speed and durability make TechSpan arches combined with Reinforced Eartha highly beneficial solution for building storage igloos and shelters.2. On mining sites, the TechSpan arch-Reinforced Earth combination (here with TerraTrel facing)is used to build conveyor tunnels.3. In Alberta (Canada) in 2001, Reinforced Earth was used for the first time to build the bases ofoil tanks on the Muskeg mining site. 8,480 m2 of circular walls were constructed for 6 structures,2 with a 54 m diameter and 4 with a 43 m diameter.4. The Reinforced Earth used for the dam reservoirs saves on the volume of backfill used andoptimizes the sizing of the by-pass, water intake and drainage conduits.

R E A L I Z A T I O N S


RUNNING ALONG THE EASTCOAST OF AUSTRALIA, the

Pacific Highway is the only road linkbetween the cities of Brisbane andSydney, separated by some 1,000 km.For more than 10 years, the Road &Traffic Authority (RTA) of the State of

SOILS/BALLINA BY-PASS

A first in Australia for the Menard Vacuum Method

A trial for atmospheric consolidation of soft clay (Menard Vacuum)is currently underway, the first of its kind on the Australian continent,placing Austress-Menard in a good position to propose the solution

for a major road by-pass project south of Brisbane.

New South Wales have been carryingout some major works to upgradethis old and narrow road to a mod-ern motorway standard. A famous“black-spot” along the Pacific High-way remains, when the road goesthrough the tiny city of Ballina,

located 200 km south of Brisbane.However, the construction of abypass road has met tremendousdifficulties as it crosses the old estu-ary of the Richmond river: 7 out ofthe 12 km of planned road have to bebuilt over a flood plain where the

subsoils consist of highly compress-ible alluvial deposits, up to 25 mdeep in some places. Since 1998,consolidation trials of the soft clayhave been conducted in this areabased on the traditional verticaldrains and fill preloading method.

1

Owner: RTA.Consultant engineer for soils :Coffey Geosciences.Contractor: RTA Operations.Specialist Contractor:Austress Menard.

▼▼

▼▼


PARTICIPANTS

of the backfill above the membranecould begin on 12th March, with norisk of instability, with vacuumoperations scheduled to last a min-imum of six months, these are veryencouraging results for the vacuumtrial, leading us to believe that thevacuum process could also beretained for soil stabilization in thefuture Ballina Bypass Main Works.An answer is not far away. RTAlaunched a tender for these worksat the beginning of April with a viewto opening the road in 2011. ■

and pumping system were theninstalled in January 2007. Everythingwas in place to start vacuum pump-ing by 12th February 2007, twomonths ahead of schedule. Thevacuum operation, however, onlybegan on 1st March, after RTAOperations resolved the environ-mental management problem posedby the potentially acid water (acidsulphate soils) extracted from theground during the consolidationprocess. Since then, the recordedresults correspond fully with thosepredicted: after only four days, thequite homogenous depressionunder the membrane reached therequired – 70 kPa and stabilizedafter two weeks at – 81 kPa. Theaccelerated settlement followingthe start of the vacuum operationwas very clear, and the installation

tress Menard, “and the Australiangeo-technical industry is followingthe outcome of the project with par-ticular interest.” The works began inNovember 2006, in synergy with var-ious subsidiaries of the Group,including expatriate personnel ofthe Korean branch Sangjee-Menard,who are working together with Aus-tralian personnel to ensure the trans-fer of this delicate technology.

Vacuum ready two monthsahead of schedule

After RTA Operations, completed thepreparatory works of the workingplatform, two rigs were mobilized toinstall the Menard vertical drains atdepths ranging from 12 m to 25 m.The perimeter trenches were builtand the horizontal drains, geo-technical instruments, membrane

These large-scale trials were judgedto be rather inconclusive, and early2006, RTA made the decision toexperiment the vacuum consolida-tion process proposed by AustressMenard. A 10,000 m2 area, at theembankment of the Emigrant Creekbridge south abutment, was selectedby RTA for the vacuum trial andincluded in the larger package of the“Ballina Initial Works”. In the tenderprocess, Austress Menard was nom-inated as the vacuum specialist con-tractor by RTA; the works were even-tually awarded in August 2006, tothe works branch of RTA: RTA Oper-ations “This trial, which is a first herein Australia for the Menard VacuumMethod, takes place in a very favor-able climate of cooperation betweenthe parties involved,” says DanielBerthier, technical director of Aus-

2

3

The Menard Vacuum process is an atmospheric consolidation techniqueused, like preloading, to consolidate saturated compressible soils with lowpermeability (clay, silt, peat etc.). It consists of installing a vertical and hori-zontal draining and vacuum pumping network in the soil to consolidate. Thesystem is covered with an impermeable membrane (1) and surrounded byperipheral confinement trenches that anchor the impermeable membraneand ensure the soil to be consolidated remains saturated (2). The depres-sion created by the pumping system (3 and 4) under the impermeable mem-brane means atmospheric pressure can be applied to the soil, with generalvalues reaching – 60 to – 80 kPa depending on the overall system performance(equivalent to the preloading of 3 to 4 m of fill surcharge).

4

REALIZATIONS



STRUCTURES/FERNEY TUNNEL

Night time sliding operation on the jet runway

In Geneva (Switzerland),Freyssinet Suisse wasinvolved in repairing the

Ferney tunnel cover slab under theinternational airport runway. Thishighly technical operation took placeby sliding during the short night-timeslots when air traffic was interrupted.

SINCE JULY 2005, the project torepair the runway of the inter-

national airport in Geneva, Switzer-land, is continuing with the Ferneytunnel. The cover of this cut-and-cover road tunnel built at the begin-ning of the 60’s has to be repairedand strengthened to withstand thestresses linked to larger aircraftdimensions. Since it was not possi-ble to suspend the use of the air-port’s only runway, and its dailyoperation from 6 a.m. to midnight,a one-off method was developedfor the work. “Proposed by Jean-François Klein from the Tremblet SA

design office, the solution consistsof replacing the existing slab witha new prestressed and prefabri-cated slab slid on three slidingbeams,” explains C. Deleuze, theconsortium project manager. “Over-all, the work represents 25 millionSwiss Francs (approximately 15 M€)and the project’s prestressing andsliding operations have beenentrusted to Freyssinet Suisse. Anumber of months were requiredto develop and prepare the workbefore the first sliding operationcould take place over the night of5 to 6 October 2006.”

On the runway and in the tunnel

The preparatory stages, which weresubject to pinpoint scheduling toensure the prefabricated elementswere available and could be usedwithout losing any time, took placeon the runway and in the tunnel.On the runway, above the tunnel,two lines had first to be drilled forthe interpile sheeting, marking outthe shape of the new structure. Inthe tunnel, the three walls support-ing the existing slab had to be takendown and replaced with three rowsof temporary steel supports equippedwith sliding equipment. The connec-tion between the cover slab and therunway slabs was refitted. On eitherside of the runway, two openings of

some ten meters in width were thencut in the tunnel cover, one on theSalève (south) side, to install thelaunching device and assemble thenew slabs, the other on the Jura(north) side, to recover and demolishthe old slab. “The pre-sliding opera-tions finally began on 5 October:removal and sliding of the “closing”slabs over 6 m on the north side ofthe runway; installation of the pre-fabricated slabs on the shiftingdevices at the supply-side openingusing a mobile 180 t-capacity gantrycrane; bonding and prestressing ofthe slabs with Freyssibars; injectionof the bars and application of the“over-concrete” (wear slab),” listsFrançois Prongué, technical directorof Freyssinet Suisse. “Next, four jacks

After being transported from the prefabrication site by a 180 t-capacity gantry crane, the new cover slab is placed on the sliding equipment installed at the south opening ofthe tunnel. The sliding operation, over 6 m, only takes placeonce the new slab is assembled and ‘bonded’ to the old one.Right: view of the runway moved after 4 launching operations.

1

2

REALIZATIONS


STRUCTURES/KONIN BRIDGE

Launching operation over 3,170 m

LAUNCHED IN 2006, THE KONINBRIDGE PROJECT (Poland), a

bridge crossing the Warta roughly200 km to the west of Warsaw, is infull swing. This 1,675 m long bridge isamong the longest in the country,and consists of four separate struc-

tures, a 200 m long extradosed bridge(three spans) and three 456, 540 and480 m viaducts (8 or 9 spans).

30 to 40 m long spans.

With the exception of several areaswhere the deck has to be cast, the 30

Owner: Municipality of Konin.Consultant: Scetauroute.Design Firm:Transprojekt Gdansk.Specialist Contractor:Freyssinet Polska.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTSto 40 m long curved or straight decksare installed by successive launchingoperations. In charge of the opera-tion, “which, in reality, represents alaunching distance of 3,170 mbecause these are double spans,”observes director Krzysztof Berger,

went to work, each with a 300 t-capacity (1,200 tonnes in total).These were leased from Hebetec,Freyssinet’s heavy lifting specialistsubsidiary, and took just one hourto move the sliding carriage, effec-tively moving some 7,000 tonnesover a distance of 6 m. Before therunway was re-opened on the morn-ing of the 6th, the cover slab stillneeded to be ‘locked’ in its new tem-porary position using 8 lateral jacks.The moving covers of the openingsneeded to be re-closed, all workareas needed to be made safe and allmobile equipment set up on therunway for the sliding work neededto be removed.” The work took placeat a rate of one sliding operation perweek. At the end of February, thenew cover slab was completelyinstalled. The project, however, is

not yet finished. Between now andJuly, new reinforced concrete wallsmust replace the sliding linesinstalled in the tunnel, the openingsmust be closed, the structure mustbe made waterproof, safety recessesmust be created and the entranceportals must be repaired. ■

Jura side entrance

Ferney customs

Customs road

Airport runway

Taxiway airport

Salève side entrance

P48

Ferney tunnel

Owner: Aéroport internationalde Genève (AIG) andDépartement de constructionset de technologiesde l’information (DCTI).Design: Tremblet ingénieurscivils SA – Genève.Main Contractor: Impleniaconsortium Construction SA –Induni SA.Specialist Contractor:Freyssinet Suisse.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

the Polish subsidiary Freyssinet Pol-ska is also in charge of prefabricatingthe spans in four bays installed in-situ. For the launching, sliding bear-ing devices were installed at the topof the piers, and temporary bear-ings installed at regular intervals tosupport the cantilever of the deckduring the maneuvers. Besides thedeck construction methodology,Freyssinet Polska was also respon-sible for installing the prestressing(Freyssinet C system) for all thestructures. ■

STRUCTURES/PROJECTS IN SOUTH KOREA

Noteworthy strapped cables and multitube saddles

Having already taken part in the construction of a number of prestigious structures in the country, the Group’s South Korean subsidiary, Freyssinet Korea, was recently involved

in three projects using the most recent stay cable solutions.

DaejonDaejonDaejon

ShindaeShindaeShindae

Sam BongSam BongSam Bong

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THESOUTH KOREAN MINISTRY OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, a1 km long magnetic levitation linkroute was opened last April in Dae-jeon, the country’s fifth most impor-tant city and considered to be itsscience capital. After Germany andJapan, South Korea is the third coun-try to use Maglev (magnetic levita-tion) trains, which operate on thebasis of magnetic fields. Linking the Daejeon park to the Science

Museum, the route goes over an ele-vated track on piers and crosses theDaeduk motorway on a cable stayedbridge built by Freyssinet Korea. The55 m long and 1.35 m wide deck issupported by 10 12HD15 stay cables,which are fixed at the top and bot-tom by means of straps. “The cables,after being prefabricated in eightdays if you include the supply of thematerials, were installed using acrane and tensioned in just threedays”, points out JY Kim, managingdirector of Freyssinet Korea. ■

Owner:National Science Museum.Main Contractor:Dong Won Construction.Design: : Korea RailroadTechnical Corporation.Specialist Contractor:Freyssinet Korea.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

ON THE MAGLEV LINE

Owner: ChungcheongnamdoConstruction.Consultant: Dohwa ConsultingEngineers Co., Ltd.Main Contractor: DaelimIndustrial Co. Ltd.Design: Yooshin EngineeringCorporation.Specialist Contractor:Freyssinet Korea.

▼▼

▼▼

▼PARTICIPANTS

Owner: Korea LandCorporation.Main Contractor: Dong WonConstruction.Design: Kyong Ho Engineering.Specialist Contractor:Freyssinet Korea.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

CONTINUOUS CABLES

EXPRESS HANGERS

IN THE NORTH OF THE COUN-TRY, Freyssinet Korea was asked to

install the hangers of the Sam Bong3 motorway bridge that links SouthKorea and North Korea. For this 46 mlong and 48 m wide structure, thesubsidiary used 31-strand units pro-

tected by pipes (of various colors)and fitted with low anchorageadjustable straps at each end. It tookjust seven days to prefabricate,install and adjust the five hangers. ■

IN THE SHINDAE DISTRICT(Kyongsang-bukto region), the

South Korean subsidiary assisted withthe construction of an extradosedstructure crossing a waterway on theDaejeon-Geumsan road section. This246 m long bridge, with a width rang-ing from 20.57 m to 22.57 m, has two45 m approach spans, two 78 m cablestayed spans and one 12 m highpylon. “The installation was incredi-bly quick for this project too, and ittook one month to install 16 staycables,” remarks JY Kim of FreyssinetKorea, “thanks to using an innovativetechnique. Consisting of Cohestrand(31 strand) units, the cables effec-

tively crossed the pylon continuouslyby means of multitube saddles pro-duced by the South Korean sub-sidiary.” ■



STRUCTURES/PRINT MEDIA HUB AND TRADEHUB 21

Double success forprestressed concrete floors

Two projects have just beencompleted in Singapore,adding to Freyssinet’s long

list of successful prestressedconcrete floor projects in the region.

IN LINE WITH CONTEMPORARYTASTES AND PRACTICE, modern

architectural trends are tendingtowards clear spaces offering theleast layout constraints and lend-ing themselves simply to conver-sions of any kind. Aside from pre-stressing floors by post-tensioning,which allows you to create vast plat-forms with a minimum number ofcolumns and significantly reducethe floor thickness, not all con-struction techniques can meet thistype of requirement. In Singapore,where the use of PT slabs has beenwidespread for a number of years,

these have again been recently usedin two major projects: Print MediaHub and Tradehub 21, for whichFreyssinet supplied and installedthe cables. For the Group’s Singa-porean subsidiary, work on the twoprojects, although extremely diverse,began at the same time in April2006. In Print Media Hub, a five-storey industrial building locatedon the Tai Seng avenue, 275 tonnesof prestressing steel were installed tocreate some 28,000 m2 of floor capa-ble of withstanding live loads of15 kPa. “The floor span reached12 m and was divided into six cast-

ing zones during the constructionwork,” explains Teng Wee Tan, direc-tor of Freyssinet’s Singaporean sub-sidiary. “Besides the cables, weinstalled the Fressibar prestressingbars, a first for the country, to fixthe suspended columns to the sec-ond floor.”

An eleven-storey factory

The second project, Tradehub 21,involved the extension of an indus-trial complex and included theconstruction of an 11-storey fac-tory (called block F), which is themain structure, and another two-storey terraced structure, totaling136,900 m2. 720 tonnes of prestressing steel wereinstalled for the floors. The worksschedule was very tight andFreyssinet had to put four teams inplace at peak work times, whereproduction reached a rate of11,164 m2 of concreting per month.

The company also supplied andinstalled the prestressing for theaccess ramp to the first eight floorsof block F. “We collaborated withthe project consultant for the designof the prestressed concrete floors,which was complicated given theimposing dimensions of the build-ings,” continues Teng Wee Tan. Withaverage spans of 8 m, the floors canwithstand a live load of 10 kPa andthere are special areas that can with-stand 15 kPa. The slabs were dividedinto 12 zones for the main build-ing, which alone represented 80% ofthe work. ■

Print Media HubOwner: United EngineersDevelopment Pte Ltd.Main Contractor:Greatearth Construction Pte Ltd.Consultant:DE Consultants (S) Pte LtdSpecialist Contractor:PSC Freyssinet (S) Pte Ltd

Tradehub 21Owner:Midview Realty Pte Ltd.Main Contractor:Yee Hong Pte Ltd.Consultant:Ronnie & Koh Partnership.Specialist Contractor:PSC Freyssinet (S) Pte Ltd.

▼▼

▼▼

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

720 tonnes of strands were used to prestress the floors of the TradeHub 21 building.

REALIZATIONS




SOILS/MONTERREY METRO

1,400 m of tunnel made from TechSpan arches

Major rail network expansion work has been completed in Monterrey (Mexico).Freyssinet de México – Tierra Armada has

contributed to the work by fabricating and installing1,042 TechSpan arch elements.

IN 2005, PUBLIC BODY STCMETRORREY, which operates

public transport in Monterrey andmanages its infrastructure, launcheda huge project to extend the under-ground rail network by almost23 km. One of the new links underconstruction, line 2 from San Nico-las to Escobedos, called on theexpertise of the teams at Mexicansubsidiary Freyssinet de México –Tierra Armada, which has installed a1,400 m underground tunnel madefrom TechSpan precast arches. “Thisis a variation on the original solutionconsisting of installing reinforcedconcrete caissons cast in-situ,”points out Enrique Sanroman, man-aging director of Freyssinet de Méx-ico – Tierra Armada. “Preference wasgiven to the TechSpan archesbecause precasting the elements ona peripheral site would significantlyreduce disruption in the center ofMonterrey.” Located 12 km from thesite, the precasting site producedthe 1,042 elements making up thetunnel between November 2005 and

March 2006, beginning with 4moulds and finishing with 14.On the straight or slightly curvedsections, over a length of 1,025 m,the tunnel is 7.90 m wide and 6.10 mhigh. On the curved sections(225 m), the width of the archesreaches 8.30 m with a height of6.25 m. The backfill height over thearch keystone ranges from 1.50 to8.50 m. “This delicate project tookplace right in the center of town,”explains Enrique Sanroman, “par-ticularly in two places where thetunnel has to pass under an under-pass – Alfonso Reyes Ruiz Cortinesstreet, and under a postal railwaytrack – A. Reyes avenue. Added tothese constraints was the disconti-nuity of the route, which was inter-rupted by various items of equip-ment (electrical transformers, vents)and an underground station.”

Walls and foundation slab

Structurally speaking, the TechSpanarches sit on two 0.50 m thick and1.80 m high walls, with their mainsection built on a foundation slabwith a thickness of between 0.60 mto 0.85 m. Being built on differentsoil types, consolidation work wasnecessary. In areas where the struc-ture is situated under the water level,three trenches and pump stationswere created to evacuate any waterinfiltration.The assembly work took place from20 December 2005 to 7 February2007. The first 3.5 km long section isscheduled to open in September2007 and the line should be fullyopen in mid-2008. ■

The new 8 km long Monterreymetro line has 7 stations. Its overland route is 6,600 mand underground route is1,400 m. The backfill heightabove the TechSpan archesranges from 1.50 to 8.50 m.

REALIZATIONS


ON THE BANGKOK RING ROAD(Thailand), a new overpass

should ease the very heavy trafficcongestion at the Srinakarin-Thep-arak crossroads. The structure’s 400m long and 22 m wide deck consistsof sixty 30 m long prefabricated Lbeams. The approach span beamswere installed using a crane, but thecentral section beams required aspecial method to avoid disruptingor stopping very heavy traffic flowon another bridge located furtherdown. “Given Freyssinet’s well-known experience in deck con-struction, we were asked to studyand install a beam hoisting solu-tion,” points out Borvornbhun Von-ganan, managing director of

STRUCTURES/SRINAKARIN-THEPARAK CROSSROADS

A no-disruption methodFreyssinet Thailand. The companycame up with a system consisting ofprestressing bars and jacks installedon a gantry crane. “This is a mobileapparatus that slides on stringersfixed at the pier head,” continuesBorvornbhun Vonganan. The beamsare taken to the lifting site (under thedeck) by lorry. The gantry crane thentakes them and hoists them abovethe piers and then lowers them intotheir final position on their perma-nent bearings. Three beams per daywere installed without disruptingthe traffic. ■

STRUCTURES/SWANSON DOCK WEST

Repair site under a dockIN THE PORT OF MELBOURNE,

AUSTRALIA, Freyssinet wasentrusted with the repair work toSwanson Dock West, an old, highlycorroded 30-year old dock. This994 m long and 14 m wide structureconsists of 80 reinforced concretebeams and 1,160 steel piles. As aresult of a very aggressive marineenvironment, the structure’s concreteelements had cracked and parts ofthe steel elements (piles and sheetingpiling) were damaged. With a view toensuring the ongoing service of thestructure over the next 30 years as aminimum, repairing the structure isa difficult job, since all work musttake place under the dock. Operatorstherefore work in close cooperation,legs in the water, on special plat-forms suspended from the structure.The works themselves are governedby very strict safety rules, and have tobe stopped at high tide and upon

Owner: Port of MelbourneCorporation (POMC).Consultant engineer: KBR.Consultant: Maunsell.Specialist Contractor:Austress Freyssinet (VIC) Pty Ltd.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

Work takes place in testing conditionsand is interrupted on each maneuver of a container ship.

each maneuver of a container ship(since the dock is still in service).The project consists of two mainparts: the repairs to the concrete,carried out in three successivephases: hydrodemolition, steelrepairs, application of shotcrete andcathodic protection of the beams.Anodes are installed on the sub-merged section and the tops of themetal piles are protected by sheath-ing. Work takes place in successivesections, based on a schedule pre-defined with the operator. Workshould end in February 2008 follow-ing 18 months of work. ■



STRUCTURES/SOUTH HOOK TERMINAL

Key cooperation on a landmark site

Freyssinet Ltd and CCSL in collaboration withFreyssinet France are

undertaking a 10 M?contract and amajor reference for similar projectswith the refurbishment andprotection of the South Hook LNGImportation Jetty (United Kingdom).

AT THE WESTERN TIP OF WALESON THE MILFORD HAVEN estu-

ary refurbishment works of an olddisused tanker terminal to createan LNG (liquified natural gas) ter-minal started in Autumn 2005. Amajor part of the refurbishmentconsisting of refurbishment theSouth Hook jetty, a 2 km structurebuilt over thirty years ago, and hasbeen awarded to the Freyssinetteams. “One of the reasons we wereselected,” explained Patrick Nagle,chief executive of Freyssinet Ltd, “isthe existing cooperation in ourgroup, as we are probably the onlycontractor in the United Kingdomcapable of linking cathodic protec-tion and shotcrete expertise withlocal management on this scale.”While Freyssinet Ltd in fact super-vises the construction and managesthe logistics of the works, its sub-sidiary CCSL (Corrosion ControlServices) is responsible for thecathodic protection of the steel pilesand reinforced concrete, andFreyssinet France, called in to sup-plement the repair team, brings itsshotcrete expertise. This 10 M€ contract, the largest onefor this kind of work signed to datein the UK has to be completed bythe end of 2007. The terminal will

then be capable of receiving liquifiednatural gas from the North of Qatar,the largest reserve in the world.

Additional expertise

The CCSL design of the system is acentral part of the work, namelythe cathodic protection of the rein-forcement and the submerged steelpiles. “It is a process especiallyappropriate for the marine envi-ronment, one that prevents corro-sion of reinforcement in concreteor steel in seawater, by running aDC electric current through it”,explained Jim Preston, the CCSLmanager. By comparison, the damaged facesare repaired and strengthened withshotcrete by the Freyssinet Francespray guns. “Freyssinet Limitedasked for technical assistance andto send operators on site”, saidAlain Maguet, a shotcrete specialistwho works in the Freyssinet Francetechnical office. This assistance isappreciated all the more as the siteprogresses in an especially trickycontext: the wind, the cold, andthe rain make the work tough.“Besides” Alain Maguet added "thesite where we are working is prac-tically out in the open sea withtides of around 8 m making the


work even more complicated, sincewe are only able to spray the con-crete on the piles at low tide.” Forall that, there is no allowance forthe spray guns to make mistakessince the shotcrete bond to theexisting structure has to be perfectto ensure that the cathodic protec-tion is long lasting. Besides, lim-ited access to the jetty, procure-ment difficulties (products have tobe packed in bags), and lastly thesavage nature of the environmentrequiring great attention to be paidto personal safety, end up makingthe work a genuine challenge.The other challenge on the site liesin several cultures working together.It is moreover one of the mostattractive aspects of this project forPatrick Nagle: “This site has an inter-national side: the UK, Belgium,France, Qatar and the United Statesare represented here. It is a genuineopportunity to share different work-ing approaches and methods, but allwith the same purpose.” Skill build-ing like this especially means thatFreyssinet Ltd will be able to usethe South Hook site as a referencefor other work of the same kind.“There is real potential for similarcontracts in the UK," Patrick Naglepointed out "and in future we hopeto focus our operations in this direc-tion.” ■

Owner:JV Qatar Petroleum (70%) –ExxonMobil Corporation (30%).Chief engineers:Besix/Kier JV. Works.Contractors:Freyssinet Ltd, FreyssinetFrance, CCSL.

▼▼

▼

PARTICIPANTS

4

1

2

To treat and prevent the corrosion of the concrete reinforcements of the jetty, Freyssinet and its subsidiary CCSLinstalled a cathodic protection system based on running an electric current through the reinforcement. At the same time, damaged structures such as the piers are strengthenedand repaired using shotcrete (1 and 2).The Group optimized procurement on account of the unusual location of the site and the limited access to the jetty (3).

3

REALIZATIONS

STRUCTURES/SEREBRYANY BOR BRIDGE

A high-tech bridgealongside a national park

North west of Moscow (Russia), Freyssinet wasresponsible for the modelling studies andinstallation of the stay cables of an unusual

structure, a new motorway bridge built over the Moskovariver that runs alongside the Silver Forest national park.

OF ALL CURRENT MOSCOWPROJECTS, of which there are

many, one of the most impressive isthe Krasnopresnenskaya motorwayproject (total cost of some 1.3 billioneuro), which links the city center tothe ring road and the motorway to

Riga. Numerous exceptional struc-tures are built on its route, particu-larly around the Silver Forestnational park, where the route fol-lows a 1,700 m long two-level tunnelwith a diameter in the region of14 m (the top part of tunnel is used

for road traffic and the bottom partfor the metro). Most exceptional ofall is the Serebryany Bor bridge, theproject’s architectural crown.This unique 1,100 m long structure,with a main bridge of 800 m, con-sists of a deck suspended by stay

cables and a monumental archpeaking at 102 m.

In the riverbed

“Every aspect of this project is origi-nal” believes Boris Artukhov, opera-tions director of Freyssinet Russia,“due both to the novel arrangementof the stay cables on the central deck(span of 420 m and 45 m wide) andthe position of the structure in theriver. The structure is built on theMoskova riverbed itself, which it fol-lows instead of crossing it perpen-dicularly.” The reason for thisunusual design lies in the fact that



trespassing on the Silver Forestnational park, which is a conserva-tion area, is prohibited. The arch issupported on the shores of the res-idential district of Krylatskoye onone side of the river and sits in theriver on the other, just a few cen-timetres from the riverbank of thenational park. Both steel parts, thedeck and the arch, were built at thesame time. Installed on temporarybearings 7 m apart and awaitingcable staying, the 45 m wide and3.20 m high deck was installed bylaunching, with the exception of thecurved sections which were installedby crane. In parallel, the piles cre-ated by jet grouting were sunk to adepth of 8 to 10 m to anchor the twodouble arms of the arch. A total ofsix months was required to assemblethe arch, the elements of which (10 x11 m along the main section and10 x 5 m at the arch keystone) wereinstalled by crane. With the deckand arch complete, the cable stayingwork could begin last February.“This is an unusual structure,”explains Boris N. Monov, chief proj-ect engineer of the Gyprotransmostdesign office, “and the stay cablearrangement had to be optimised.Major calculations were made usingvarious software programmes (Cos-mos, Solidworks etc.) and numeroustests were carried out in a wind tun-nel.” The geometrical complexity ofthe structure, with a deck gradient of2% (being a height difference of 8 m)between the west and east ends,required customised stay cablingwith different cables lengths of unitsranging from 20 to 45 strands,depending on their location, whichare threaded into red sheaths with aprotective helix helping to fight theeffects of wind and rain. “When inservice, the bridge will be subjectto temperature variations of almost20°C during the day, at certain timesof the year,_ says M. Konikh, man-aging director of Organizator, thedelegate contracting authority. “Thiswas therefore a delicate structureto build, which is why we askedFreyssinet to model the arch and

install the stay cables.” The staycabling began with the installationof the first four 14 m long cables, tothe right of the arch, and contin-ued up to the arch keystone. InternalRadial Dampers (IRDs), the mostpowerful of the Freyssinet range,were also installed on the longestcables (200 m) to absorb the vibra-tions.All that remains before the tempo-rary bearings are removed and thestay cables permanently tensioned,is to assemble the steel structure(33 m long, 24 m wide, 13 m highand 1000 tonnes) of the panoramicrestaurant on the deck. This will belifted by Freyssinet using Hebetec(Freyssinet’s heavy lifting specialistsubsidiary) 400 t-capacity jacks andbolted to the top of the arch. Afterthis, the lift to the restaurant must beinstalled and a red paint finishapplied to the arch, and the bridgecan open at the end of the year. ■

Owner: Municipality of Moscow.Consultant: Organizator.Architect: M. Chumakov.General and summary design: Mostovik.Principal design Firm:Metrogyprotrans.Execution and verificationdesign firm: Gyprotransmost.Aerodynamics design firm:Gypostroymost Saint-Petersbourg.Main Contractor:Mosmetrostroy.Tenderer selected for bridge:Mostotrest.Supplier of metal arch:Mostovik.

▼▼

▼▼

▼▼

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

“To facilitate the adjustment of the stay cables and correctangular deviations that wouldrisk damaging the complexshape of the arch, Freyssinetdeveloped a compatible spherical anchoring systemwith the patented stuffing box.A special laser guide systemwas also developed, ensuringthe 72 stay cables could be installed with ultra-precision in just eight weeks,” indicates Christophe Blanc, Freyssinet’scommercial export director.

REALIZATIONS


STRUCTURES/ENDESMOLEN

A windmill gains height

In the north of Holland,a municipality decidedto heighten a windmill

classified as an historic monumentand entrusted the work to Freyssinet.

Modelling the windmill base and the lifting jack installationarrangement inside and outside the structure.

AT THE END OF THE 19th CEN-TURY, Holland defined the regu-

lations for construction aroundwindmills to achieve maximum out-put from these structures and to pro-tect the neighboring areas from the

movements of the blades. In Win-schoten, in the north of the country,these regulations posed a problemsince they prohibited any construc-tion of a height of more than 10 mwithin a radius of 240 m around the



region’s oldest windmill, Edens-molen, erected in 1763 in what hasbecome the very centre of the town.In September 2003, in order to bringa development project to a success-ful conclusion, the municipalitydecided to heighten the structure,which is classified as an historicmonument, and entrusted the workto Freyssinet as general contractor.

Lifting in two phases

“The first phase consisted of demol-ishing the existing concrete founda-tions and masonry in order to installthe necessary lifting jack reinforce-ments. The wooden structure wasthen partially dismantled and welifted the structure in two phases,using the LAO (computer aided lift-ing) system for each maneuver,”explains Caspar Lugtmeier, technicaland commercial manager atFreyssinet Nederland BV. “The wind-mill was first raised by one meter,while the load was held on the steelreinforcement by means of 20 jacks.In the cleared space, new founda-tions were poured and the joist andthe new foundations were theninstalled. In the second phase, thestructure was lifted as high as 3 mwith 16 jacks outside and 4 inside thewindmill, and 8 prefabricated con-crete columns were installed underthe old columns.” The 280 metrictonne structure was then loweredand installed on its new supports.The work was completed at thebeginning of 2007 with the restora-tion of the masonry. ■

Owner:Gemeente Winschoten.Consultant:Witteveen en Bos.Main Contractor: Freyssinet.Design Firm: Snetselaar.Specialist Contractor:GoorberghFunderingstechnieken.

▼▼

▼▼

▼

PARTICIPANTS

SOILS/NEW ACLAND COAL MINE

A complete ReinforcedEarth package

The company returned toNew Acland to supply asecond Reinforced Earth

dump structure on the coal miningsite, and on this occasion extendedits service to construction.

In 2002, the Australian division ofThe Reinforced Earth Company

designed a dump structure to sup-ply the crusher at the open-cutcoal mine of New Acland, around150 km to the west of Brisbane inQueensland, Australia. Designedto withstand the loads generatedby the movements of 280 tonnedump trucks over a 25-year period,this 14 m high and 533 m2 structurewas built using the TerraPlus con-crete panel facing system.

Double capacity

Four years after the first structurewas built, the mine owner’s deci-sion to increase its annual produc-tion from 4 to 7.5 million tonnesmeant that extension works wererequired which would allow the

doubling of the mine throughput.The project manager for the capac-ity upgrade, Sedgman Pty Ltd,immediately asked ReinforcedEarth to supply a second structure.Although identical to the first struc-ture, the new structure had anadded challenge when ReinforcedEarth was asked to not only designthe structure and supply the ele-ments, as is normally the case forthe Reinforced Earth companies,but also to build the structure.“Sedgman suggested we build thewall,” explains Gary Power, man-aging director of Reinforced Earth,“it gave our client some addedassurance that the structure wasbeing built exactly as per the designintent and, given the very close rela-tionship we have had with Sedg-

man for many years, we were con-fident that we could work welltogether in constructing the wall .”After excavating a volume of earthof 15,000 m3 to create the space forthe new structure and assessmentof the foundation bearing capacity,Reinforced Earth began the con-struction work. The concrete fac-ings were prefabricated at the com-pany’s Wacol site near Brisbane.“The factory is two hours from thesite by road and we were able toschedule the delivery of the mate-rials based on the progress of thework,” says John Ritchie, marketingand sales manager of ReinforcedEarth. Methodological program-ming needed to extend to all facetsof the site organization, to ensurethe construction works could notdisrupt the operation of the mineand the comings and goings of themine trucks. After the wall wascompleted, The Reinforced EarthCompany finished off the projectby constructing the concrete dumpslab. After installation of the pre-fabricated steel reinforcement,Reinforced Earth carried out theconcreting, and completed theentire job only nine weeks afterstarting the work. ■

As a company with significant experience in thefield of civil engineering, Reinforced Earth has alwaysprioritized safety and quality.

REALIZATIONS




STRUCTURES/ALLONNE BRIDGE

Rotation on the A16

In France, near Beauvais,Freyssinet installed theprestressing and the stay

cables of a new motorway bridgeand demonstrated its expertise in anunusual process to spectaculareffect: rotation of the structure.

IN THE COMMUNE OF ALLONNEIN THE OISE REGION OF

FRANCE, a cable-stayed bridgemodestly known as OA17 nowcrosses the A16. Built by the JVbetween Chantiers Modernes BTP (asubsidiary of VINCI ConstructionFrance) and Freyssinet Ile-de-Franceon the RN31 southern Beauvaisbypass, the structure is 125 m longand has an 87 m front central spantogether with a 22 m rear counter-weight span. Its concrete deck wascast on falsework with internal lon-

gitudinal prestressing in 19 and27C15 units produced by Freyssinet,and its twin pylon culminates at aheight of 47 m. “We also installed the28 stay cables on the structure, with18 cables distributed on either sideof the main span (19T15 for the first7 and 22T15 for the rest) and 5 oneach side of the counterweight span(37T15),” says Martin Duroyon, proj-ect engineer at the Freyssinet SCCM(Centralized Cables and HandlingDepartment). The sheathed, waxedand galvanized monostrands are

inserted into a white extruded highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) pipe.“The pipe comprises a protectivehelical fillet, which helps fight thecombined action of the wind andrain.” The originality of the struc-ture does not lie so much in itsdimensions, prestressing and staycables as in the fact that it was notbuilt in situ, but parallel to themotorway in order to avoid disrupt-ing traffic, and therefore had to beput in place afterwards by rotation.This operation, made difficult due tothe asymmetry and curvature of thestructure, was carried out on 10 Mayby a team of five people. “The struc-ture both rests on two bearingslocated underneath the pylons andon a counterweight abutment,”explains Jean-Luc Bringer, head ofthe SCCM department. The struc-ture’s triangle of support is notablyformed by the bearing which acts asthe point of rotation, and a tempo-rary support mounted on sliding

plates and resting on a roundstringer. 200 t jacks were used tolaunch the 7,500 t mass, and twoadditional 100 m stay cables wereadded temporarily in order to sup-port the end of the main deck duringrotation, until the structure was rest-ing firmly on the east abutment.Once the bridge was in place, after6 hours work, all that remained wasto fit the superstructures and lay theroad surface, carry out the finaladjustments to the stay cables and fitthe expansion joints. The projectinvolved around fifteen Freyssinetpersonnel. ■

Owner: Ministère del'Equipement – Beauvais.General project manager:DDE de l’Oise. Health & Safety Coordinator:Cabinet Klein.Main Contractor: Chantiers Modernes BTP –Freyssinet Ile-de-France JV.

▼▼

▼▼

PARTICIPANTS

1 2

REALIZATIONS


Structural rotation is a construction method that allows forstructures to be put in place without disrupting traffic (road orriver). The structure is built parallel to the road or waterway tobe crossed and then moved into its final position by rotation.During the operation, the structure rests on special bearings:one pivot bearing that acts as the point of rotation, and bear-ings sliding on stringers, often by means of neoprene pads.The technique is well known at Freyssinet, as it was notablyused in 1991 for the Pont des Martyrs in Grenoble, France, andin 2001 for the Cernavoda Bridge over the canal linking theDanube to the Black Sea in Romania.

3

4

5 6

The 30 to 80 m long cables were adjusted

using Freyssinet’s Isotension system.

REALIZATIONSR E A L I Z A T I O N S


STRUCTURES/ADRIATIC LNG TERMINAL

3,870 t of prestressing for a prefabricated LNG terminal

WHILST MANY LIQUEFIED NAT-URAL GAS (LNG) TANK proj-

ects are in progress virtually world-wide, a novel project for a complete

terminal, the Adriatic LNG Terminal,is currently underway in Algésiras,Spain. This GBS (gravity base struc-ture) of monumental dimensions –

180 m long, 88 m wide and 47 mdeep – consists of two tanks andcan hold up to 250,000 m3 of LNG.In addition to the storage structures,

SOILS/BAYONNE TANKA CMC project in an oil storage facility

IN FEBRUARY ANDMARCH 2007, DGI

Menard carried outan original ground

improvement project in an oil storagefacility in Bayonne, on the west bankof the Hudson in New Jersey (UnitedStates). Several months earlier, dam-ages were noted on one of the tanks,

which was built roughly 30 years agoon an area of loose and deep backfillthat were never been improved. Therisk of failure of the tank led the facil-ity manager to suspend operation.“We proposed the installation of con-trolled modulus columns (CMC)which, besides their technical andfinancial advantages, enabled us to

the project includes the docking andberthing gear designed to receiveLNG container ships with a maxi-mum capacity of 152,000 m3.

Cape on the Adriatic coast

After producing the foundationrafts, walls and the cover slab,Freyssinet, which is heading up thePT Adriatico consortium, began theinstallation of 3,870 t of vertical andhorizontal prestressing for the wallsand the cover and lateral slabs.After fabrication on dry land is com-plete, the structure will be floatedand towed to its place of operation,15 km from the Italian Adriatic coast,off Venice, a place chosen afterlengthy studies in order to ensurethe safety of the installations andminimal environmental impact. Theterminal will be ballasted, partlysubmerged and anchored so that itrests on the seabed. When opera-tional, it will supply the town ofVenice. ■

Ménard (France) and Enteco (Italy),modified the Enteco E500 drilling rigin order to significantly reduce theheight of the mast. An 5.5 m by 5.5 mopening was then cut into the wall ofthe tank to provide an access for therig. 220 CMC with a 30 cm diameterwere installed at an average depthof 7.50 m in less than 3 weeks. ■

meet the very precise needs of theclient, IMTT, one of the key oil ter-minal operators in the United States.They wanted a solution to repair thetank without having to remove theroof,”says Frédéric Massé, vice-pres-ident of engineering of DGI-Menard.The company’s team, working closelywith the equipment department of

O U R P R O F E S S I O N


Unlike its other technologies thatwere mostly developed in-house,

Ménard went to learn the craft of jetgrouting in Italy, in the middle ofthe 90’s, where the technique iscommonly used. “At this time, thetechnique, which was introducedto France by engineer Claude Louis,was taking its first steps, but thecompany was interested in jet grout-ing as a technique to extend itsrange of soil improvement solu-tions,” says Michel Bic, project engi-

“JET GROUTING”, A DEMANDING, HIGH-POTENTIAL TECHNIQUE

neer for Ménard. The principle ofthe process consists in drilling asmall diameter hole in the soil andinjecting a pure cement grout atvery high pressure (up to 600 bars),which breaks up and mixes with thesoil matrix to form a column (orblock) of “soil-crete”. As withDynamic replacement or CMC, thisis an inclusion technique, whichnicely complements the other soilimprovement techniques. Jet grout-ing can also be used to penetrate

deep into the soil (up to 50 m) andmake deep inclusions at therequired depth of the compressiblelayer. “You create the geometry ofimprovement you want where youwant,” sums up Michel Bic.

Load transfer

The versatility of the techniquemeans jet grouting can be used forstructural underpinning and treatingdeep layers, applications perfectlysuited to the technique. “In case of abuilding extension with additionalstories and floors or if soil has under-gone decompression, jet groutingcolumns allow you to transfer theloads to the deepest foundationbearing layers. “By overlappingcolumns side by side as “secantcolumns”, jet grouting is an excellenttechnique to create impervious,straight or circular walls and evengravity walls. In ground with highpresence of water contents, the tech-nique is straightforward and quickalternative to lowering the ground-water table.“In downtown Clermont-Ferrand,where artesian water exists at adepth of 3 m, a jet grouted“impermeable plug” at the bottom

Jet grouting work on the LGVIn certain areas crossed by the future Rhine-Rhône LGV in the Haute-Savoie, karst features were found during the preliminary soil investi-gation. Karstic conditions are characterized by the formation of claypockets or sinkholes due to the irregular erosion and solution of lime-stone by rain and underground water. On the sites of three main struc-tures (rail bridges and backfill, soil walls under the viaduct piers) oflots B3 and C2, Ménard performed the remediation work using jetgrouting. “The technique uses a small diameter drilled hole to createlarge diameter columns and was preferred to the pile solution, whichwould have required substantial preliminary drilling work. To offsetthe subsequent lateral forces on the structures and the soil alteration,the columns were also reinforced with steel tubes, which wereinstalled as deep as 25 m in some places,” says Benoît Pezot, projectengineer and manager of Ménard.

of a sheet pile cofferdam was used toexcavate two levels of undergroundparking protected from water in-rushes in 1995.” The flexible tech-nique of jet grouting requires moreresources than other processes – adrill, a pump with a 450-600 horsepower, a mixer, a cement silo – andtime to set up the site, since thework cannot begin before the so-called calibration test columns arecompleted. “The peculiarity of thetechnique is that work is performed“in the dark” or “blind”. This is whythe calibration test columns arecore-sampled so that the client canmeasure the quality of the work car-ried out and compare it against thedesign data and the team can deter-mine the correct working parame-ters, such as rate of penetration androtation, pressure and injection time.For this technique, experience is thekey factor, and 15 years of experi-ence means that Ménard has nowperfect control of the essentialparameters”, assures Michel Bic. Thecompany continues to invest to trainits staff and to purchase new equip-ment to improve its jet groutingoffering, which today represents onequarter of its business. ■

C O M P A N Y


in potentially contaminated landto safety consulting.”In a business sector as sensitive asthe environment, innovation andsafety are two major preoccupa-tions for the company at all times,as recognised by the Contractor ofthe Year Award for Safety in 2006 forthe design, construction, installa-tion and commissioning of AWE’snew waste treatment plant on itsAldermaston site. The facility usesa combination of evaporation andreverse osmosis technology, and isused to treat radioactive effluentso that it can be disposed of safely.Amongst other things, it enabledAWE to officially close the Pang-bourne Pipeline into the Thameson 16th March 2005.

the major nuclear sites, includingDounreay, Sellafield, Risley, Har-well and Winfrith. “We are struc-tured so that we can meet ourclients’ needs,” emphasises MichaelDown. “Our services range fromthe design and turn-key construc-tion of significant installations,through programme managementand the monitoring of radioactivity

NUKEM LIMITED: A HIGH-PROFILE PLAYERIN THE BRITISH NUCLEAR SECTORHaving acquired British companyNUKEM Limited in May, the FreyssinetGroup has expanded its capability andincreased its expertise in the field ofspecialist nuclear industry services.Overview.

“We are delighted to be part ofthe Freyssinet Group. All of

the elements are in place for us tocontinue our expansion in theUnited Kingdom and overseas. Weare looking forward to integratinginto our new parent company andtaking advantage of the opportu-nities presented by an internationalgroup of this size,” says MichaelDown, Managing Director ofNUKEM Limited.The company is currently one ofthe largest and most dynamic inde-pendent specialist service providersin the nuclear sector in the UK. Forthe last 40 years it has producedsafety cases and been involved inthe design and construction of

installations, complex nucleardecommissioning operations, wastemanagement, land remediation andradiation safety. The companyworks with a number of ministriesand regulatory authorities both inthe UK and abroad, and its clientsinclude prestigious bodies such asthe UKAEA (United KingdomAtomic Energy Authority), BritishEnergy, AWE, British Nuclear GroupSellafield Ltd, the UK Departmentof Trade and Industry and the Min-istry of Defence.

Located near the majorsites

In recent years, the company hasundergone exceptional growth andnow has over 900 employeeslocated all over the UK on or near

NUKEM LIMITED

1

Board members, letf to right: Frank Cullinane, Director,Finance, Keith Collett, Director, Operations and Commercial,Dr Michael Down, Managing Director, Ken Jackson, Director,Projects & Engineering.

2006 Turnover: €120 million.Workforce: 900 employees,including 400 engineers andscientists.Managing Director:Michael Down

▼▼

▼

VITAL STATISTICS

COMPANY


Innovation is not lacking either, ascan be seen in the numerous solu-tions developed by the company,such as the exclusive GroundhogTM

system, which is used to surveyland that is potentially contami-nated with radioactive materials,or the work carried out in con-junction with Norwest Holst Ltd(VINCI Group) on the design and

and building a NaK (sodium-potas-sium alloy) disposal plant. Thereactor was the first in the world toexport electricity to the nationalgrid, and reached full output (15MW) in 1963 before being closed in1977. For the UKAEA Prototype FastReactor (PFR), which ceased oper-ating in 1994, the company is con-tributing to the decommissioningand removal of the primary andsecondary liquid metal coolant cir-cuits. In conjunction with ArevaNP, NUKEM Limited designed andoperated the Sodium DisposalPlant (SDP) that is used to disposeof the 1,560 tonne of radioactiveliquid metal coolant (sodium andNaK) from the PFR at a rate of 2.5tonne/day. In 2001, the companywon one of its key contracts at theUKAEA Winfrith site, WOMAD(Winfrith Operations, Maintenance& Decommissioning), which cov-ered the remediation, decommis-sioning and final demolition of thePost-Irradiation Examination (PIE)building A59 and the design, con-struction and operation of theWETP in order to recover, treat andencapsulate the sludge from theexternal tanks for the Steam Gen-erating Heavy Water Reactor(SGHWR). On the same site, thecompany also commenced thedecommissioning and remediationof the SGHWR secondary contain-

ment. Since 2002, the company hasbeen working closely with theBritish Department of Trade andIndustry on the nuclear decom-missioning programme in the for-mer Soviet Union, as part of theUK’s contribution to the G8 Globalpartnership. In the UK, NUKEMLimited is the main independentsupplier of radiation protectionservices with a 10-year contractwith the UKAEA for all of its sites,relating to radiation protectionconsulting, operational monitor-ing and approved dosimetry serv-ices. Very recently, in March 2007,NUKEM Limited signed a contractwith BNG Sellafield Ltd for theCalder Hall Heat ExchangerDeplanting Pilot Project whilst atDounreay the company is involvedin the stripout of the PFR steamgeneration building and the threesecondary sodium circuits; this is areal challenge as the company hasto lay down a large number of size-able components, including a 27m steam pipe weighing 13 t, whichare redundant. ■

construction of the SDeP - SilosDirect Encapsulation Plant - forBritish Nuclear Group SellafieldLtd.The company’s list of successfulprojects is extensive. For manyyears, NUKEM Limited has beeninvolved in the decommissioning ofthe Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR) inthe north of Scotland, designing

1. NUKEM Limited provides radiation protection and monitoringservices on the sites of its clients.2. As part of the United Kingdom’s contribution to the global G8partnership, the company is involved in the decommissioning ofredundant atomic submarines.3. Removal of the East condenser end plates of the Winfrithheavy water reactor.

2

3

In 2006, NUKEM Limited was given the Contractor of the year award for safety for the design, construction and commissioning of AWE’s waste treatment plant on its Aldermaster site.

H I S T O R Y


SHOTCRETE: a structural restoration techniqueThe shotcreting technique first appears in 1907 in the form of a mortar-sprayingmachine invented by the American Carl Ethan Akeley. For the last 100 years, thetechnique has been evolving constantly. Mastered by Freyssinet over more than23 years, it is one of the Group’s flagship processes in its repair business.

The Group acquires theFrench subsidiary of

Torkret. Becoming TorkretFrance, the company is set upin the Freyssinet offices ofCoignières, Lyons and Mar-seilles. Transferring the tech-nology to the other regionstakes place by staff mobilityand training initiatives.

1984

At the beginning of the 80’s,Freyssinet becomes inter-

ested in shotcrete and seeks to per-fect the process to expand its rangeof repair techniques, which, at thistime, is dominated by the use ofepoxy resin based products. At theinitiative of Mr Bailly, this approachis used by the Methods divisionlocated in Nantes. Involved in1979-1980 on the Caille bridge

project (below), a 1920’s structurelinking Annecy to Geneva whichcrosses the Usses gorge, Freyssinetuses both techniques: epoxy resinbased products and shotcrete. Shotcrete, which is still only usedon an occasional basis byFreyssinet, is used by the Frenchsubsidiary of Torkret GmbH, thedry process shotcreting specialist.

1980

A new repair tool

Acquisition of Torkret

Freyssinet becomesthe French specialist

in the process and masters the twotechniques: the wet process andthe dry process (water added tothe gunite from the end of thespray nozzle). The Group only usesthe latter process for restoring themonolithism of a structure. This,for example, is the solution used torepair the supporting structure ofthe speed track of the Monthlérycircuit in the Paris region. 350 m3

of concrete, representing approxi-mately 10% of the total volume ofthe structure, is installed between1984 and 1986. In 1988 and 1989the technique is first used abroad

to repair the Annaba silos in Alge-ria (below).1984-1988

Affirmation of the dry process


Following the fire in theChannel Tunnel on the night

of 18/19 November 1996, Freyssinetis responsible for all civil engineer-ing works and uses a 300-strongteam to repair approximately 750 mof damaged arch. Working on a fixedtrain, the teams successively chip

away the damaged concrete, sand-blast and then shotcrete the area,a technique chosen on account ofthe site’s time and size constraints.Completed in seven weeks, thisproject gave respectability to theprocess and remains one of itsbenchmark projects.

1997

A benchmark project

The technique is usedin two international

projects. In the United States in2006, the technique is used exten-sively to repair the Tidal Basin engi-neering structures in Washington(above).Finally, in Wales, it is used to repairthe South Hook Jetty, an 30-year

old port facility situated at MilfordHaven. Carried out by FreyssinetFrance, Freyssinet Ltd and CCSL,the operation notably consists ofrepairing and strengthening thestructure’s reinforced concretepiers, work carried out by theFreyssinet France shotcreting spe-cialists (see also p. 22).

2005-2007

Freyssinet organises shotcrete training sessions led by AlainMaguet.2000

In 1989, Freyssinet joinsthe Association pour la

Qualité de la Projection des Bétons etMortiers (ASQUAPRO), an associa-tion bringing together different pub-lic works players (contracting author-ities, engineers, manufacturers,contractors, etc.). Alain Maguet, the

Freyssinet shotcreting specialist, isthe driving force.The beginning of the 90’s marks anevolution in the technique. Dry mixesconditioned in silos are developed byAlain Maguet to improve the siteworking conditions, reduce dust andguarantee the quality of the concrete.

1989-1996

Perfecting

Expertise is disseminated

ASQUAPRO introduces anozzleman qualification

certificate at the end of in-housetraining.The same year, the first

nozzleman qualification certificateis given to a Freyssinet employee.2003

First qualification

International projects

HISTORY

Africa and the Middle EastSouth AfricaFreyssinet Posten Pty LtdOlifantsfonteinTel.: (27.11) 316 21 74Fax: (27.11) 316 29 18Reinforced Earth Pty LtdJohannesburgTel.: (27.11) 726 6180Fax: (27.11) 726 5908

AlgeriaFreyssinet International & Cie AlgérieAlgiersTel.: (213) 21 564 692

EgyptFreyssinet EgyptGizaTel.: (20.2) 345 81 65Fax: (20.2) 345 52 37

United Arab EmiratesFreyssinet Middle East LLCDubaiTel.: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009Freyssinet Gulf LLCDubaiTel.: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009

IranE-man Serve (FreyssinetLiaison Office)Tel.: (98.21) 8806 5951Fax: (98.21) 8806 6420

KuwaitFreyssinet International & Co.SafatTel.: (965) 906 7854Fax: (965) 563 5384

MoroccoFreyssinet International & Cie MarocRabatTel.: (212) 37 56 44 35Fax: (212) 37 56 39 48

TunisiaFreyssinet TunisieTunisTel.: (216) 98 352 599Fax: (216) 71 340 172

The AmericasArgentinaFreyssinetTierra Armada SABuenos AiresTel.: (54.11) 4372 7291Fax: (54.11) 4372 5179

BrazilTerra Armada LtdaRio de JaneiroTel.: (55.21) 2233 7353Fax: (55.21) 2263 4842

Freyssinet LtdaRio de JaneiroTel.: (55.21) 2221 8500Fax: (55.21) 3852 7926

CanadaReinforced Earth Company LtdMississaugaTel.: (1.905) 564 0896Fax: (1.905) 564 2609Geopach Tech Inc.Boucherville, QuébecTel.: (1.450) 449 2633Fax: (1.450) 449 2677

ChileTierra Armada S.A.Santiago de ChileTel.: (56.2) 2047 543Fax: (56.2) 225 1608

United StatesDrainage & GroundImprovement, Inc - MénardBridgeville, PATel.: (1.412) 257 2750Fax: (1.412) 257 8455Freyssinet LLCSterling, VATel.: (1.703) 378 2500Fax: (1.703) 378 2700The Reinforced EarthCompanyVienna, VATel.: (1.703) 821 1175Fax: (1.703) 821 1815

MexicoFreyssinet de Mexico –Tierra Armada S.A.Mexico DFTel.: (52.55) 5250 7000Fax: (52.55) 5255 0165

VenezuelaFreyssinet – Tierra Armada CACaracas Tel.: (58.212) 238 8285Fax: (58.212) 239 7890

AsiaSouth KoreaFreyssinet Korea Co. LtdSeoulTel.: (82.2) 2056 0500Fax: (82.2) 515 4185Sangjee Ménard Co. LtdKyonggi-DoTel.: (82.2) 587 9286Fax: (82.2) 587 9285

Hong KongFreyssinet Hong Kong LtdKowloonTel.: (852) 2794 0322Fax: (852) 2338 3264Reinforced Earth Pacific LtdKowloonTel.: (852) 2782 3163Fax: (852) 2332 5521

IndiaReinforced Earth Pvt LtdNew DelhiTel.: (91) 11 3085 1028/37Fax: (91) 11 2695 0011

IndonesiaPT Freyssinet TotalTechnologyJakartaTel.: (62.21) 830 0222Fax: (62.21) 830 9841

JapanFKKTokyoTel.: (81.3) 5719 2391Fax: (81.3) 5220 9726TAKKTokyoTel.: (81.44) 722 6361Fax: (81.44) 722 3133

MalaysiaFreyssinetPSC (M) Sdn BhdKuala LumpurTel.: (60.3) 7982 85 99Fax: (60.3) 7981 55 30Ménard Geosystems Sdn BhdSubang Jaya SelangorTel.: (60.3) 5632 1581Fax: (60.3) 5632 1582Reinforced EarthManagement Services Sdn BhdKuala LumpurTel.: (60.3) 6274 6162Fax: (60.3) 6274 7212

PakistanReinforced Earth Pvt LtdIslamabadTel.: (92.51) 2273 501Fax: (92.51) 2273 503

SingaporePSC Freyssinet (S) Pte LtdSingaporeTel.: (65) 6899 0323Fax: (65) 6899 0761Reinforced Earth (SEA) Pte LtdSingaporeTel.: (65) 6316 6401Fax: (65) 6316 6402

ThailandFreyssinet Thailand LtdBangkokTel.: (66.2) 266 6088/90Fax: (66.2) 266 6091Reinforced Earth Thailand LtdBangkokTel.: (66.2) 266 6088Fax: (66.2) 266 6091

VietnamFreyssinet VietnamHanoiTel.: (84.4) 826 1416Fax: (84.4) 826 1118MénardHo Chi Minh CityTel.: (84.8) 820 5761Fax: (84.8) 820 5762

EuropeGermanyBVT Dyniv GmbHSeevetalTel.: (49) 4105 66 480Fax: (49) 4030 23 98 25Bewehrte ErdeSeevetalTel.: (49) 4105 66 48 16Fax: (49) 4105 66 48 66

BelgiumFreyssinet Belgium NVVilvoordeTel.: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443Terre Armee Belgium NVVilvoordeTel.: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443

BulgariaFreyssinetSofiaTel.: (359.2) 854 8489Fax: (359.2) 854 8490

DenmarkA/S SkandinaviskSpaendbetonVaerloseTel.: (45.44) 35 08 11Fax: (45.44) 35 08 10

SpainFreyssinet SAMadridTel.: (34.913) 239 500Fax: (34.913) 239 551Ménard SoltraitementMadridTel.: (34.913) 239 550Fax: (34.913) 239 551Tierra Armada SAMadridTel.: (34.913) 239 500Fax: (34.913) 239 551

FranceFreyssinet FranceVélizyTel.: (33) 1 46 01 84 84Fax: (33) 1 46 01 85 85Freyssinet International & CieVélizyTel.: (33) 1 46 01 84 84Fax: (33) 1 46 01 85 85MécatissMorestelTel.: (33) 4 74 80 01 68Fax: (33) 4 74 80 34 48Ménard SoltraitementNozayTel.: (33) 1 69 01 37 38Fax: (33) 1 69 01 75 05PPCSaint-EusebeTel.: (33) 3 85 73 69 00Fax: (33) 3 85 73 69 01SalvaremBeaumont-HagueTel.: (33) 2 33 01 56 80Fax: (33) 2 33 01 56 88

Terre Armée SNCVélizyTel.: (33) 1 46 01 84 84Fax: (33) 1 46 01 86 87

Great BritainCorrosion Control ServicesLtdTelfordTel.: (44.1952) 230 900Fax: (44.1952) 230 906Freyssinet LtdTelfordTel.: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753Reinforced Earth Company LtdTelfordTel.: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753NUKEM LimitedWarringtonTel.: (44.1925) 358 200Fax: (44.1925) 811 867

HungaryPannon Freyssinet KftBudapestTel.: (36.1) 209 1510Fax: (36.1) 209 1510

IrelandFreyssinet IrelandKildareTel.: (353) 45 884 896Fax: (353) 45 884 969Reinforced Earth Company Ireland (Ltd)KildareTel.: (353) 45 846 176Fax: (353) 45 846 187

ItalyTerra Armata S.r.lRomeTel.: (39.06) 45 49 51 00Fax: (39.06) 45 49 51 01

MacedoniaFreyssinet BalkansSkopjeTel.: (389.02) 3118 549Fax: (389.02) 3118 549

NorwayA/S SkandinaviskSpennbetongSnarøyaTel./Fax: (47.67) 53 91 74

NetherlandsFreyssinet Nederland BVWaddinxveenTel.: (31.182) 630 888Fax: (31.182) 630 152Terre Armée BVWaddinxveenTel.: (31.182) 622 735Fax: (31.182) 636 031

PolandFreyssinet Polska Sp z.o.o.MilanówekTel.: (48.22) 792 13 86/724 68 93Fax: (48.22) 724 68 94

PortugalFreyssinet - Terra ArmadaLisbonTel.: (351.21) 716 1675Fax: (351.21) 716 4051

RomaniaFreyrom SABucharestTel.: (40.21) 220 2828Fax: (40.21) 220 4541

RussiaFreyssinetMoscowTel.: (7 495) 747 51 79Fax: (7 495) 747 51 79

SloveniaFreyssinet AdriaAjdovscinaTel.: (386) 5 36 90 733Fax: (386) 5 36 90 700

SwedenAB SkandinaviskSpaennbetongMalmöTel./Fax: (46.40) 98 14 00

SwitzerlandHebetec Engineering AGHindelbankTel.: (4134) 411 71 71Fax: (4134) 411 71 70Freyssinet SAMoudonTel.: (4121) 905 09 05Fax: (4121) 905 09 09

TurkeyFreysasHasapansa – IstanbulTel.: (90.216) 349 8775Fax: (90.216) 349 6375Reinforced Earth InsaatProje Ve Tic. A.SUmraniye – IstanbulTel.: (90.216) 484 4179Fax: (90.216) 484 4174

OceaniaAustraliaAustress Freyssinet Pty LtdMacquarie ParkTel.: (61.2) 9491 7177Fax: (61.2) 9491 7199Austress Freyssinet Pty LtdNorth Melbourne, VICTel.: (61.3) 9321 1333Fax: (61.3) 9326 89 96Austress MenardMacquarie ParkTel.: (61.2) 9491 7100Fax: (61.2) 9491 7111The Reinforced EarthCompanyHornsby, NSWTel.: (61.2) 9910 9910Fax: (61.2) 9910 9999

New ZealandFreyssinet New Zealand LtdReinforced Earth LtdAucklandTel.: (64.9) 2363 385Fax: (64.9) 2363 385

The Freyssinet Group around the world

1 bis, rue du Petit-Clamart - 78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay - Tel.: 01 46 01 84 84 - Fax: 01 46 01 85 85 - www.freyssinet.com Editorial Manager: Claude Lascols - Editor: Stéphane Tourneur ([email protected]) The following people contributed to thismagazine: Cécile Baubeau, Daniel Berthier, Michel Bic, Charlotte Blach, Christophe Blanc, Ronan Boheas, Guillaume Bresson, Jean-Luc Bringer, Thomas Brunet, Nemanja Calic, Jean-Luc Chaumeny, Stéphane Cognon, Khalil Doghri, Michael Down, GustavoFernandez, Nicolas Freitag, Philippe Héry, Judith Horsley, Anik Jean, JY Kim, Likhasit Kittisatra, Brice Le Treut, PhilippeLiausu, Caspar Lugtmeier, Alain Maguet, Frédéric Massé, Paul McBarron, Pierre Mellier, Erik Mellier, Sylviane Mullenberg, Patrick Nagle, AnnaOłdziejewska, Benoît Pezot, Gary Power, François Prongué, Chris Robinson, John Shall, King Ing Siau, Andrew Smith, Christian Tourneur. - Editorial Secretary: Jean-Marc Brujaille - Design and creation: Idé - Photos: Chris Choo, Claude Cieutat, Thierry Duvivier,Eduardo Martins, Olivier Roux, Francis Vigouroux, Photothèque Freyssinet. Ferney tunnel: Tremblet/AIG. ISSN: No. 1763-0142

Although Freyssinet makes every effort to provide information that is as accurate as possible, no commitment or liability of any kind whatsoever shall be accepted as a result by the publishers, their employees or agents.

FREYSSINET

THS

N°

225 F

irst

hal

f 2007

Freyssinet - Soils et structures - 225 - Reinforced Earth ...

Documents

Transcript of Freyssinet - Soils et structures - 225 - Reinforced Earth ...