D6.3: Final Project Report | 5GROWTH

H2020 5Growth Project

Grant No. 856709

D6.3: Final Project Report

Abstract

This report constitutes the nonfinancial part of the Final Report to be delivered two months

after the end of the period (M33).

D6.3: Final Project Report 2

H2020-856709

Document properties

Document number D6.3

Document title Final Project Report

Document responsible Carlos J. Bernardos (UC3M)

Document editor Carlos J. Bernardos (UC3M)

Editorial team Carlos J. Bernardos (UC3M), Jesús Alonso (INNOVALIA) Andrés

García-Saavedra (NEC), Manuel Lorenzo (ERC), Diego San Cristobal

(ERC), Diego López (TID), Josep Mangues-Bafalluy (CTTC), Paola

Iovanna (TEI), Jim Miller (IDCC)

Target dissemination level PU

Status of the document Final

Version 1.0

Delivery date 28th February, 2022

Actual delivery date 28th February, 2022

Production properties

Reviewers Claudio Cassetti (POLITO), Antonio de la Oliva (UC3M)

Disclaimer

This document has been produced in the context of the 5Growth Project. The research leading to

these results has received funding from the European Community's H2020 Programme under grant

agreement Nº H2020-856709.

All information in this document is provided “as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the

information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and

liability.

For the avoidance of all doubts, the European Commission has no liability in respect of this document,

which is merely representing the authors’ view.


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Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7

List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 11

1. Summary for publication ............................................................................................................................................ 12

1.1. Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project ............................................................ 12

1.1.1. Project context ................................................................................................................................................ 12

1.1.2. Project objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 12

1.2. Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the

report and main results achieved so far ................................................................................................................ 13

1.3. Progress beyond the state of the art, expected results until the end of the project and

potential impacts (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of

the project so far) .......................................................................................................................................................... 15

2. Dissemination activities ............................................................................................................................................... 17

2.1. Publications and technical dissemination .................................................................................................... 18

2.2. Synergies with other projects ........................................................................................................................... 27

2.3. Event organization ................................................................................................................................................ 32

2.4. Exhibitions and Technology Demonstrations ............................................................................................. 34

2.5. Bachelor, Master, PhD Theses and Internships........................................................................................... 36

3. Explanation of the work carried out by beneficiaries and overview of the progress ........................... 38

3.1. Objectives ................................................................................................................................................................. 38

3.2. Explanation of the work carried per WP ....................................................................................................... 46

3.2.1. WP1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46

3.2.2. WP2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 48

3.2.3. WP3 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 61

3.2.4. WP4 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 68

3.2.5. WP5 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 74

3.2.6. WP6 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 91

3.3. Deliverables .............................................................................................................................................................. 95

3.4. Milestones ................................................................................................................................................................ 96

3.5. Exploitable Results ................................................................................................................................................ 96


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3.5.1. Exploitation on commercial products and PoCs developed internally to the companies . 96

3.5.2. Exploitation on standards ........................................................................................................................ 100

3.5.3. Patents ............................................................................................................................................................ 112

3.6. Impact ..................................................................................................................................................................... 112

3.6.1. Progress towards the 5G-PPP Key Performance Indicators ............................................................ 115

4. Update of the plan for exploitation and dissemination of results ............................................................122

5. Follow-up of recommendations and comments from previous review ..................................................123

5.1. Additional recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 126

6. Deviations from Annex 1 and Annex 2 ................................................................................................................130

6.1. Tasks ........................................................................................................................................................................ 130

6.2. Use of resources .................................................................................................................................................. 130

7. References ......................................................................................................................................................................131


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List of Figures

Figure 1: Final Design of the 5Growth System architecture ............................................................................... 14

Figure 2. SLA's elicitation phases .................................................................................................................................. 48

Figure 3: 5Growth high-level architecture ................................................................................................................ 49

Figure 4: 5Gr-AIMLP Representation .......................................................................................................................... 52

Figure 5: Federation/Multi-domain Architecture ................................................................................................... 53

Figure 6: Integration of O-RAN into 5Growth architecture ................................................................................ 54

Figure 7: Vertical-oriented Monitoring System architecture ............................................................................. 57

Figure 8: Anomaly Detection Algorithmic Framework ......................................................................................... 59

Figure 9. 5GR-FFB high level software architecture ............................................................................................... 60

Figure 10: Antennas at INNOVALIA Factory ............................................................................................................. 63

Figure 11: Experimentation at INNOVALIA Premises ............................................................................................ 63

Figure 12: Sites in COMAU Pilot ................................................................................................................................... 64

Figure 13: Experimentation at COMAU Facilities .................................................................................................... 65

Figure 14: Antenna at Aveiro Harbor .......................................................................................................................... 66

Figure 15: Train Detector and Equipment ................................................................................................................. 66

Figure 16: 5G CPE and RU at Secondary Substation ............................................................................................. 67

Figure 17: Experimentation at Aveiro university ..................................................................................................... 67

Figure 18: Microservice-based architecture of the SDA ...................................................................................... 70

Figure 19: Global architecture for 5Growth log parser ........................................................................................ 71

Figure 20: 5Growth experiment descriptor information elements and models ......................................... 72

Figure 21: 5Growth Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation Plan (CoDEP) .............................. 76

Figure 22: 5Growth Poster .............................................................................................................................................. 80

Figure 23: 5Growth Leaflet .............................................................................................................................................. 81

Figure 24: 5Growth website landing page ................................................................................................................ 82

Figure 25: Web page visit statistics (counted for the previous 365 days from the reported Month).83

Figure 26: 5Growth website most visited pages on feb. 23, 2022 for the latest 365 days ..................... 83

Figure 27: 5Growth linkedin page ................................................................................................................................ 84

Figure 28: 5Growth Twitter account ............................................................................................................................ 84

Figure 29: Linkedin profile views .................................................................................................................................. 85


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Figure 30: Linkedin connections ................................................................................................................................... 85

Figure 31: Twitter profile visits....................................................................................................................................... 86

Figure 32: 5Growth Instagram page ............................................................................................................................ 86

Figure 33: Instagram statistics ....................................................................................................................................... 87

Figure 34: YouTube channel ........................................................................................................................................... 87

Figure 35: YouTube Studio STatistics .......................................................................................................................... 88

Figure 36: GitHub including a reference to the EU H2020 program ............................................................ 128

Figure 36: Instagram and Twitter descriptions ..................................................................................................... 128

file://///VBoxSvr/[email protected]/uc3m/research/projects/5growth/svn/5growth/execution/WP6/deliverables/D6.3/D6.3-Second_periodic_report_of_the_project.docx%23_Toc96939414


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List of Tables

Table 1: Targeted versus measured dissemination metrics during the lifetime of the project ............ 17

Table 2: Publications of scientific journals and conferences in y1 ................................................................... 18

Table 3: Publications in scientific journals and conferences in Y2 ................................................................... 19

Table 4: Publications in scientific journals and conferendes in Y3 .................................................................. 20

Table 5: 5growth talks in scientific conferences and technology forums in Y1 .......................................... 23

Table 6: 5Growth talks in scientific conferences and technology forums in Y2.......................................... 24

Table 7: 5Growth talks in scientific conferences and technology forums in Y3.......................................... 26

Table 8: Collaborative activities with EU and international research projects in Y1 .................................. 27

Table 9: Collaborative activities with EU and international research projects in Y2 .................................. 29

Table 10: Collaborative activities with EU and international research projects in Y3 ............................... 31

Table 11: 5Growth Organized Events .......................................................................................................................... 32

Table 12: Exhibitions and technology demonstrations in dissemination events in Y1 ............................ 34



Table 15: 5Growth-related Bachelor, Master and PhD Theses, and internships ......................................... 36

Table 16: WP2 innovations .............................................................................................................................................. 50

Table 17: Mapping between platform requirements (gaps) and selected innovations ........................... 51

Table 18: Network KPIs used as features for the training set ............................................................................ 59

Table 19: 5Growth & ICT-17 Platform Software Artifacts ................................................................................... 62

Table 20: Communication activities achievements and targets ........................................................................ 77

Table 21: Communication videos in Y1 ...................................................................................................................... 88



Table 24: Communication talks ..................................................................................................................................... 89

Table 25: Lectures and courses ..................................................................................................................................... 90

Table 26: Exploitation table ............................................................................................................................................ 97

Table 27: Summary of the standard contributions per SDO ........................................................................... 100

Table 28: Complete list of sdo activities and candidate contributions in 5growth project ................. 101

Table 29: List of patents filed ...................................................................................................................................... 112


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List of Acronyms

5G-NR – 5G New Radio

5Gr-RL – 5Growth Resource Layer

5Gr-SO – 5Growth Service Orchestrator

5Gr-VS – 5Growth Vertical Slicer

AGV – Automated Guided Vehicle

AI – Artificial Intelligence

AMI – Advanced Metering Infrastructure

API – Application Programming Interface

AR – Augmented Reality

BB – Baseband

CB – Context Blueprint

CMM – Coordinate-Measuring Machine

CP – Control Plane

CPE – Customer Premises Equipment

CSMF – Communication Service Management Function

CUPS – Control and User Plane Separation

DSS – Decision Support System

E2E – End-to-End

eCPRI – enhanced Common Public Radio Interface

eMBB – enhanced Mobile Broadband

ExpB – Experiment Blueprint

ExpD – Experiment Descriptor

EVIAB – External Vertical Industries Advisory Board

FG – Forwarding Graph

GPS – Global Positioning System

GUI – Graphical User Interface

HSS – Home Subscriber Server

I4.0 – Industry 4.0

IIoT – Industrial Internet of Things


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IRU – Indoor Radio Units

KPI – Key Performance Indicator

LTE – Long Term Evolution

LV – Low-Voltage

LVS3 – Low Voltage Sensor

LX – Level Crossing

MANO – Mobile Network Management and Orchestration

ML – Machine Learning

mMTC – massive Machine Type Communications

MTTR – Mean Time To Repair

NDI – Network Device Interface

NFVI – Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure

NFVO – Network Functions Virtualization Orchestrator

NG-PON2 – Next-Generation Passive Optical Network 2

NPN – Non-Public Network

NS – Network Service

NSA – Non-standalone

NSD – Network Service Descriptor

NSMF – Network Service Management Function

NTP – Network Time Protocol

OMS – Outage Management System

OTT – Over-The-Top

OWD – One Way Delay

OSS/BSS – Operations Support System and Business Support System

PMT – Project Management Team

PTZ – Pain-Tilt-Zoom

RAN – Radio Access Network

SDI – Serial Digital Interface

SFC – Service Function Chaining

SLA – Service Level Agreement


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SO – Service Orchestrator

TCB – Test Case Blueprint

UE – User Equipment

UP – User Plane

URLLC – Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication

vEPC – virtual Evolved Packet Core

VIM – Virtualized Infrastructure Management

VM – Virtual Machine

VNF – Virtual Network Function

VPN – Virtual Private Network

VS – Vertical Service

VSB – Vertical Service Blueprint

VSD – Vertical Service Descriptor

WIM – WAN Infrastructure Manager

ZDM – Zero Defect Manufacturing


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Executive Summary

The present deliverable called D6.3 presents the Part B of the First Periodic Report that will be

delivered before the 28th of February 2021. It mainly includes the information of the scientific work

carried out between the 1st of December 2020 and the 28th of February 2022. It is important to

highlight that the deadline of D6.3 is the 28th of February 2022, the final data for use of resources is

still not available at the end of February 2022. The full financial information will be included in the

Second Periodic Report in April 2022.

This document includes the Publishable Summary, patents and dissemination activities that will be

completed in the Participant Portal too, a description of the technical work carried out by

beneficiaries, and an overview of the progress in the last 15 months of the project, including the

objectives, the work performed by work package, the deliverables and milestones, the impact and

finally the deviations of the project.


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1. Summary for publication

1.1. Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project

1.1.1. Project context

5Growth is a 33-month collaborative project. The main objectives of the project are technical and

business validation of 5G technologies through field-trials for vertical industries. Four vertical

pilots across Industry 4.0, Transportation, and Energy will be field-trialed on four vertical-owned

sites. To conduct the Trials that demonstrate the 5Growth specific vertical use cases, 5Growth makes

use of the End-to-End connectivity platforms from to ICT-17-2018 projects: 5G EVE and 5G-VINNI,

to perform end-to-end testing and validation of service KPIs and 5G capabilities. To interconnect

with both ICT platforms, different integration approaches are explored.

Besides validating the current 5G technologies, another major aim is to develop new technological

innovations to enhance the service provisioning and automation process for the verticals with

an AI-driven Automated and Sharable 5G End-to-End Solution that will allow these industries to

achieve simultaneously their respective key performance targets. Towards this aim, 5Growth is

developing a set of innovations by extending the 5G-TRANSFORMER platform, to further enhance

the vertical support through (i) enhanced E2E network slicing solutions which enables automated

deployment and operation of slices, including 3GPP-defined RAN slices, customized to support

individual specific service requirements of various vertical industries, (ii) closed-loop automation and

SLA control for vertical services lifecycle management, and (iii) AI-driven end-to-end network solutions

to jointly optimize RAN, Transport, Core and Cloud, Edge resources, across multiple technologies,

multi-vendors and multi administrative domains (federation).

1.1.2. Project objectives

• Technical and business validation of 5G technologies in the selected four vertical pilots,

following a field-trial-based approach on vertical sites (TRL 6-7).

• To develop AI-driven E2E service orchestration solutions to enable automated multi-level,

cross-domain, hierarchical service orchestration along with multi-domain management of

resources, enabling seamless integration with existing5G E2E platforms at vertical sites.

• To design and develop the 5Growth platform integrating designed innovations, and related

architecture components, interfaces and algorithms, to support verticals to provision 5G

connectivity and services directly at the verticals’ sites, manage resources E2E and service

lifecycles to ensure meeting services requirements.

• Tight integration with ICT-17 facilities for E2E testing and validating 5G capabilities.

• Vertical-oriented trial-based assessment of core (network) and service (application) KPIs,

aligned with 5G-PPP KPIs.

• Communication, dissemination, and exploitation (incl. standardization) of 5Growth results.


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1.2. Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end

of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so

far

The work in the project has been divided into four Technical Work Packages (WPs).

WP1 is devoted to techno-economic analysis and business model design and validation. In the first

period, WP1 delivered the analysis of business requirements, technical and functional requirements

for the four vertical industry pilots in D1.1 and provided definition of the different business models

as well as methodology for the validation of business benefits of 5G and 5Growth innovations for

the project vertical use cases and their overall impact on the various stakeholders, in particular the

verticals, network operators and telecommunications manufacturers, as reported in D1.2. During the

second period, WP1 further refined the designed business models and developed a Service Level

Agreements (SLA) model to complement the business analysis. This work is documented in D1.3. The

outcome of WP1 provides a solid foundation for a properly defined and validated 5G business layer

(OSS/BSS) model to be applied over future advanced network services for vertical industries

scenarios. On top of that, WP1 also identified additional benefits on improving the safety, e.g.,

reducing of accidents in Industry 4.0 or in the crossing levels, as well as the reducing of environmental

footprint thanks to new remote-control capabilities for industrial equipment.

WP2 is dedicated to developing the 5Growth Platform for resource management at the vertical sites.

It inherits the building blocks from 5G-TRANSFORMER, extended with new modules and innovations

to cope with the new requirements from the vertical pilot use cases, particularly to enhance service

automation with AI/ML, monitoring and interfacing with vertical customers. During the first period,

WP2 proposed an initial design of 5Growth Platform including 12 designed innovations reported in

D2.1. Among them, a set of identified innovations have been integrated into the 5Growth platform.

The first release of the software was published on GitHub and documented in D2.2. In the second

period, WP2 ensured the successful completion of the final release of the 5Growth platform software,

including final design of architecture components on vertical-oriented monitoring system, AI/ML

platform, and forecasting module, enhanced vertical support for service automation, security, next

generation RAN, multi-domain and federation. The final design of the 5Growth platform (see Figure

3) is described in D2.3, and its final software release is published on GitHub and documented in D2.4.

WP3 is the key technical WP in charge of deployment of vertical pilots at four vertical sites integrating

with the ICT-17 platforms, namely 5G-VINNI and 5G EVE. In the first period, WP3 has identified

missing functionality required to deploy the envisioned pilots in these platforms (D3.1), and specified

ICT-17 in-house deployment (D3.2) including development of vertical applications and necessary

extensions towards the integration and deployment of the pilot over the ICT-17 platforms (D3.3 and

D3.4). In the second period, WP3 completed the development for the integration of the 5Growth

platform with ICT-17 (5G-EVE and 5G-VINNI) platforms and published the final release of the

software on Github and delivered in D3.5. Finally, WP3 deployed the infrastructure onsite at the

vertical facilities and implemented all the components and selected innovations required for the trials


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at the vertical sites for the execution of use cases for each of the pilots within the project. The

outcome of this work is documented in D3.6.

WP4 focuses on the evaluation of core (network) and service (application) KPIs through the 5Growth

field trials via several validation campaigns, validating the applicability of 5G technologies and

5Growth architecture to the different use cases of the project pilots. In the first period, WP4 has

defined a set of Service KPIs and Core 5G KPIs based on existing 5G-PPP KPIs and has identified the

correlation of the core 5G KPIs with respect to technical service KPIs for each pilot use case according

to their desired SLAs (D4.1). Moreover, WP4 has specified in D4.2 the measurement and testing

methodologies to be applied in the campaigns, including a series of tools to enable the automation

of the verification procedures, processing of measurement data and reproducibility of verification

results. During the second period, two last validations campaigns were executed to validate the

planned experimental and measurement configurations. The first campaign, reported in D4.3, was

executed at the ICT-17 facilities in use by the project, allowing to refine the initially verified tools and

methodologies, and to exercise the relevant KPIs in a controlled experimental environment that

reflects final deployment. The second campaign, reported in D4.4, conducted experiment

deployments at the vertical sites and their integration with the ICT-17 facilities, providing this way

sound evidence of KPI fulfilment in close-to-real operational conditions. Besides this, an analysis of

the application of specific innovations was performed as well under these conditions.

The work in WP4 was aligned with WP2 and WP3 activities, addressing three innovate-deploy-

validate cycles during the project lifetime. WP4 applied the appropriate software releases produced

by WP3, incorporating specific platform and innovation modules developed in WP2, and selecting

the applicable experimental environment for the corresponding cycle. As one of the final outcome

of interworking among WP2, WP3 and WP4, the final software release of the 5Growth Platform,

integration with the ICT-17 platforms, and all the pilot deployments at the vertical sites including

experiment catalogue are public available on GitHub: https://github.com/5growth.

FIGURE 1: FINAL DESIGN OF THE 5GROWTH SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

https://github.com/5growth


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1.3. Progress beyond the state of the art, expected results until the

end of the project and potential impacts (including the socio-

economic impact and the wider societal implications of the

project so far)

5Growth targets innovations around five main components, illustrated in Figure 1: (1) 5Growth

Vertical Slicer (5Gr-VS): offering a powerful, yet simple and flexible, portal to verticals; (2) 5Growth

Service Orchestrator (5Gr-SO): instantiating and orchestrating network services in a smart and

automated manner by applying AI techniques; (3) 5Growth Resource Layer (5Gr-RL): integrating

compute, storage and networking resources and providing resource isolation for different slices; (4)

5Growth Vertical-oriented Monitoring System (5Gr-VoMS): providing monitoring across a

heterogeneous set of services and technological domains; and (5) 5Growth AI/ML Platform (5Gr-

AIMLP): offering services to different 5Growth layers to run AI/ML algorithms. These innovations are

combined into the 5Growth platform interacting with 5G EVE and 5G-VINNI platforms, providing E2E

solutions across multiple facilities and sites for deploying vertical services for different vertical

industries, while taking into account both technical and techno-economic requirements from the

stakeholders of the value chain. In this way, 5Growth creates a direct socio-economic impact, through

lower cost and higher efficiency for the stakeholders, better service (quality and ubiquitous access)

to the end users, and lower bills. The overall society will benefit from 5Growth innovations through

easier entry for verticals, more flexibility and cost-efficiency, whilst supporting the services envisioned

in 5G and beyond.

The final 5Growth software platform was released as open source on https://github.com/5growth,

enabling its adoption in other European projects and providing contributions to the overall 5G R&D

community and multiple open-source projects (e.g., OSM, ONOS, OpenStack). Particularly relevant,

5Growth building blocks software has been widely adopted for the development of 5G orchestration

platforms in many other 5G-PPP and H2020 projects.

The developed novel vertical services and 5Growth innovations will give the industrial companies

(large, medium, small) in the consortium and the extended European 5G-PPP community a privileged

position and competitive advantage in the European and global markets. An exploitation plan has

been made to assess the possible impact on the products and services roadmaps of the verticals,

vendors and operators as well as SMEs in the consortium, beyond the project lifetime.

A remarkable achievement in terms of pilots is the selection of multiple 5Growth pilots to be included

in the top 10 list of the EC H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP - PPP T&Ps Brochures n°2 and n°3.

• COMAU Pilot (“5Growth - Industry 4.0: Low-latency on a shared Network”) selected among the

top ten of the 5GPPP Infrastructure T&Ps Brochure No. 2 in 2020.

• COMAU Pilot (“5Growth - E2E Transport-aware Orchestration”) selected among the top ten of

the 5GPPP Infrastructure T&Ps Brochure No. 3 in 2021.

• INOVALIA Pilot (“5Growth: Industry 4.0 Remote Operation of Metrology Machinery over 5G”)

selected among the top ten of the 5GPPP Infrastructure T&Ps Brochure No. 3 in 2021.



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Moreover, in order to ensure the impact of 5Growth, the consortium has been very active in

dissemination efforts. Specifically, 5Growth has delivered:

• 81 scientific publications (47 journals and 34 international conferences/workshops);

• 21 organized (or co-organized) events (e.g., workshops co-located with renowned events,

exploitation workshop);

• 27 demonstrations at flagship academic and industrial events;

• 85 contributions to various SDOs were submitted: 20 to IETF/IRTF, 38 to 3GPP, and 10 to ETSI,

16 to IEEE, and 1 to GSMA, out of which 43 were accepted/adopted.


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2. Dissemination activities

This section describes the dissemination activities carried out in 5Growth that are listed in Table 1

along with the target KPIs.

TABLE 1: TARGETED VERSUS MEASURED DISSEMINATION METRICS DURING THE LIFETIME OF THE

PROJECT

Activity Targeted Metric Achieved Metric

Publications and

technical

dissemination

At least 10 publications per year in

top-tier scientific journals and

conferences.

A total of 81 publications (34

conferences and 47 journals) + 1 book

chapter accepted.

Synergies with

other projects

• Num. of meetings attended (target:

at least two per year).

• Num. of joint documents

generated (target: at least two per

year).

• Attended at least 66 5G-PPP

meetings (including architecture, test

and measurement, pre-

standardization working groups).

• A total of 42 joint publication

(including paper, white paper,

presentations).

Events Organization

• Organization of one 30-people

workshop co-located with a major

conference (e.g., EUCNC, IEEE

WCNC, ICC, INFOCOM) with 70%

satisfaction in the workshop quality

poll for attendees.

• Participation in workshops: we

measure the number of events

(target: at least one per year).

• A total of 21 workshops/events

organized (including academic and

industrial workshops/events).

• 67%, 87% and 82% satisfaction (very

satisfied) achieved for three

workshops that had more than 30

attendees. With “somewhat satisfied”

answers, the satisfaction ratios are

99%, 100% and 96% for these

workshops.

• Participation to a total of 82 events

(including 5G-PPP technology board

workshop, academic and industrial

workshops/events).

Exhibitions and

Technology

Demonstrations

• Technology demonstration in at

least two events – one at Y1 and

one at Y2. Two demonstration

deliverables are planned during the

project. More demonstrations in

several events are targeted.

• Vertical demonstrations in at least

three events. Two demonstration

deliverables are planned during the

project, which will include vertical-

oriented demonstrations.

• A total of 27 technology

demonstrations/exhibitions

(including academic and ETSI ENI

PoC).

• 8 out of 27 technology

demonstrations are vertical-oriented

demonstrations/exhibitions.

Research/Technical

Skill Development

Addition of core skills for technology

development within the project into

academic curriculums, along with the

proposal of PhD and MSc theses on

A total of 27 theses for bachelor, MSc,

PhD and internship studies, where 10 of

these were completed during the project

lifetime.


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specific topics on 5Growth research

agenda.

Standardization

Dissemination

• Submission of at least 10

contributions to SDOs, such as

3GPP, IETF, ETSI, IEEE, ITU over the

lifetime of the project.

• Participation in at least one open-

source project.

• A total of 85 submissions to SDOs

where 43 out of 85 contributions are

accepted/adopted.

• A total of 10 relevant contributions

to 7 open-source projects.

2.1. Publications and technical dissemination

Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 present all 5Growth peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and

studies/demos/posters in scientific conferences in Y1, Y2 and Y3, respectively. During the lifetime of

the project, a total of 81 peer-reviewed article submissions that includes 34 conference and 47 journal

papers (most of them belonging to the first quartile in terms of impact factor) accepted for

publication. In addition to that, one book chapter proposal was accepted.

TABLE 2: PUBLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND CONFERENCES IN Y1

Type Title Publication/Conference

journal Beyond 5G Evolution (Guest editorship) MDPI Electronics

journal Service Shifting: A Paradigm for Service Resilience in 5G IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal Reducing Service Deployment Cost Through VNF

Sharing

IEEE/ACM Transactions

on Networking

journal DeepCog: Optimizing Resource Provisioning in Network

Slicing with AI-based Capacity Forecasting IEEE JSAC

journal Is OpenCL Driven Reconfigurable Hardware Suitable for

Virtualising 5G Infrastructure?

IEEE Transactions on

Network and Service

Management

journal An Edge-based Framework for Enhanced Road Safety of

Connected Cars IEEE Access

journal On the integration of NFV and MEC technologies:

architecture analysis and benefits for edge robotics

Elsevier Computer

Networks

journal Federation of 5G services using Distributed Ledger

Technologies

Wiley Internet

Technology Letters

conference vrAIn: A Deep Learning Approach Tailoring Computing

and Radio Resources in Virtualized RANs ACM Mobicom 2019

conference

SliMANO: An Expandable Framework for the

Management and Orchestration of End-to-end Network

Slices

IEEE CloudNet 2019

conference PI2forP4: An Active Queue Management Scheme for

Programmable Data Planes ACM Conext 2019


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TABLE 3: PUBLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND CONFERENCES IN Y2


journal TOTP Moving Target Defense for sensitive network

services

Elsevier Pervasive and

Mobile Computing

journal Optical transport for industry 4.0

OSA Journal of Optical

Communications and

Networking

journal RISMA: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Enabling

Beamforming for IoT Massive Access IEEE JSAC

journal

Overview of Architectural Alternatives for the Integration

of ETSI MEC Environments from Different Administrative

Domains

MDPI Electronics

journal LACO: A Latency-driven Network Slicing Orchestration in

Beyond-5G Networks


Wireless

Communications

journal Decomposing SLAs for Network Slicing IEEE Communications

Letters

journal Modeling MTC and HTC Radio Access in a Sliced 5G

Base Station


Network and Service

Management

journal

5Growth: An End-to-End Service Platform for Automated

Deployment and Management of Vertical Services over

5G Networks

IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal Optimal Deployment Framework for Multi-Cloud

Virtualized Radio Access Networks


Wireless

Communications

journal vrAIn: Deep Learning based Orchestration for

Computing and Radio Resources in vRANs


Mobile Computing

journal Delay and reliability-constrained VNF placement on

mobile and volatile 5G infrastructure


Mobile Computing

journal Monitoring in fog computing: state-of-the-art and

research challenges

Inderscience

International Journal of

Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous

Computing (IJAHUC)

journal

Architecture for integrating vertical customer

programmability control of network functions and

connectivity in a slice-as-a service schema

EURASIP Journal on

Wireless

Communications and

Networking Journal

journal Public and Non-Public Network Integration for 5Growth

Industry 4.0 Use Cases

IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal Support for Availability Attributes in Network Slices in

GANSO

Wiley Internet

Technology Letters


H2020-856709

journal Towards Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems: Digital Twin

meets Artificial Intelligence

IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal

A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Service Function

Chain Placement in 5G and Beyond, Virtualized Edge

Networks

Elsevier Compute

Networks

conference A Q-learning strategy for federation of 5G services IEEE ICC 2020

conference OKpi: All-KPI Network Slicing Through Efficient Resource

Allocation INFOCOM 2020

conference Handover Prediction Integrated with Service Migration

in 5G Systems IEEE ICC 2020

conference Orchestrating Edge- and Cloud-based Predictive

Analytics Services EuCNC 2020

conference 5Growth: AI-driven 5G for Automation in Vertical

Industries EuCNC 2020

conference Information Exchange to Support Multi-Domain Slice

Service Provision for 5G/NFV IFIP Networking 2020

conference DLT federation for Edge robotics IEEE NFV-SDN 2020

conference An Intelligent Edge-based Digital Twin for Robotics IEEE GlobeCom 2020

conference GANSO: Automate Network Slicing at the Transport

Network Interconnecting the Edge IEEE NFV-SDN 2020

conference On the Integration of AI/ML-based scaling operations in

the 5Growth platform IEEE NFV-SDN 2020

conference

Experimental Validation of Compute and Network

Resource Abstraction and Allocation Mechanisms within

an NFV Infrastructure

IEEE IM 2021

conference Bayesian Online Learning for Energy-Aware Resource

Orchestration in vRANs IEEE INFOCOM 2021

conference An RL Approach to Radio Resource Management in

Heterogeneous Virtual RANs IEEE WONS 2021

TABLE 4: PUBLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND CONFERENDES IN Y3


journal Towards Node Liability in Federated Learning:

Computational Cost and Network Overhead

IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal

Dissecting the Impact of Information and

Communication Technologies on Digital Twins as a

Service

IEEE Access

journal Multi-Domain Solution for the Deployment of Private 5G

Networks IEEE Access

journal

Live Migration of Virtual Machine and Container based

Mobile Core Network Components: A Comprehensive

Study

IEEE Access


H2020-856709

journal Automated Service Provisioning and Hierarchical SLA

Management in 5G Systems


Network and Service

Management

journal Intelligent Service Orchestration in Edge Cloud

Networks IEEE Network Magazine

journal A 5G-based eHealth monitoring and emergency

response system: experience and lessons learned IEEE Access

journal A Context-aware Radio Resource Management in

Heterogeneous Virtual RANs


Cognitive

Communications and

Networking

journal DQN Dynamic Pricing and Revenue driven Service

Federation Strategy


Network and Service

Management

journal

Resource Orchestration Strategies With Retrials for

Latency-Sensitive Network Slicing Over Distributed Telco

Clouds

IEEE Access

journal KPI Guarantees in Network Slicing IEEE Transactions on

Networking

journal A Model-based Approach to Multi-domain Monitoring

Data Aggregation

Journal of ICT

Standardization

journal Federation in dynamic environments: Can Blockchain be

the solution?

IEEE Communications

Magazine

journal Orchestrating Energy-Efficient vRANs: Bayesian Learning

and Experimental Results


Mobile Computing

journal AI-driven, Context-Aware Profiling for 5G and Beyond

Networks


Network and Service

Management

journal Performance Isolation for Network Slices in Industry 4.0:

The 5Growth Approach IEEE Access

journal A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Scaling

and Placement of Virtual Network Functions

Springer Journal of

Network and Systems

Management

journal Dimensioning V2N Services in 5G Networks through

Forecast-based Scaling IEEE Access

journal Service Based Virtual RAN Architecture for Next

Generation Cellular Systems IEEE Access

journal FlexDRAN: Flexible Centralization in Disaggregated

Radio Access Networks IEEE Access

journal Monitoring Platform Evolution towards Serverless

Computing for 5G and Beyond Systems


Network and Service

Management


H2020-856709

journal Distributed Ledger Technologies For Network Slicing: A

Survey IEEE Access

journal ML-driven Provisioning and Management of Vertical

Services in Automated Cellular Networks


Network and Service

Management

conference Serving HTC and Critical MTC in a RAN Slice IEEE WOWMOM 2021

conference 5Growth Data-Driven AI-Based Scaling EuCNC 2021

conference 5Growth: Secure and Reliable Network Slicing for

Verticals EuCNC 2021

conference On Slice Isolation Options in the Transport Network and

Associated Feasibility Indicators IEEE NetSoft 2021

conference Efficiency Gains due to Network Function Sharing in

CDN-as-a-Service Slicing Scenarios IEEE NetSoft 2021

conference 5Growth: Hardening Interdomain Vertical Services with

Moving Target Defense (MTD) EUCNC'21

conference COTORRA: COntext-aware Testbed fOR Robotic

Applications ACM MobiSys 2021

conference Cloud Native Computing for Industry 4.0: Challenges

and Opportunities IEEE ETFA'21

conference R-Learning-Based Admission Control for Service

Federation in Multi-domain 5G Networks IEEE GlobeCom 2021

conference Efficient Restoration of Simultaneous Transport Services

within an NFV Infrastructure IEEE GlobeCom 2021

conference OpenFlowMon: A Fully Distributed Monitoring

Framework for Virtualized Environments IEEE NFV-SDN'21

conference Outlook for Operator Adoption of 5G Networks EUCNC'21

conference Realizing Zenoh with programmable dataplanes ACM/IEEE ANCS’21

conference Dynamic Interdomain Network Slicing for Verticals in the

5Growth Project IEEE NFV-SDN'21

conference VERA: Resource Orchestration for Virtualized Services at

the Edge IEEE ICC’22

conference

End-to-End Network Service Orchestration in

Heterogeneous Domains for Next-Generation Mobile

Networks

IEEE NOMS’22

conference Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Framework of

Online Network Resource Allocation IEEE ICC’22

conference Near Optimal VNF Placement in Edge-Enabled 6G

Networks IEEE ICIN’22

Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 present 5Growth consortium talks at scientific conferences, seminars,

and forums, with the goal of raising awareness on the 5Growth project during Y1, Y2 and Y3,

respectively. During the project lifetime, 5Growth consortium participated to various events including

academic and vertical-oriented events and gave a total of 60 talks in those events.


H2020-856709

TABLE 5: 5GROWTH TALKS IN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND TECHNOLOGY FORUMS IN Y1

Date Venue Description

2019-05-22 IEEE ICC 2019

Panelist at IEEE ICC 2019 Workshop: 5G-Trials –

From 5G Experiments to Business Validation called

Challenges in 5G Trials

2019-05-27

Dagstuhl Seminar 19222

“Control of Networked

Cyber-Physical Systems”

Impulsive presentation of 5Growth (“5G Service

Automation”)

2019-06-20 EuCNC 2019 Presentation of 5Growth in ICT-19 Session at

EUCNC 2019

2019-07-23 EuCNC 2019 Presentation of 5Growth in EMPOWER-PAWR

workshop: EuCNC.

2019-07-03 FUSECO FORUM Presentation of 5Growth (results and WIP) at

FUSECO Forum1

2019-09-03 ICT-19 session by 5G-EVE 5G-EVE organized a session devoted to discussing

collaboration with ICT-19 projects (i.e., 5Growth)

2019-10-08 5G PPP TB Workshop 5G-enabled Growth in Vertical Industries

2019-11-27 2nd Visions for Future

Communications Summit

Slicing with non-public networks – another

orchestration challenge for the next decade.

2020-01-13 Nokia Bell Labs (Paris-Saclay,

France)

Reinforcement Learning for Slice Resource

Allocation

2020-01-13 NYU Tandon School of

Engineering

Reinforcement Learning for Slice Resource

Allocation

2020-01-16 5G PPP SN WG Presentation of the 5Growth project to 5GPPP SN

WG

2020-03-09

“Jornadas Electrotécnicas

2020” at Instituto Superior

de Engenharia do Porto

Presentation of 5Growth project under the Seminar

“Research for beyond the Early 5G Network – EU

and PT”

2020-04-14 NMRG virtual meeting Metadata-based Aggregation of Telemetry Flows

2020-05-12

First meeting of 5Growth

External Vertical Industries

Advisory Board (EVIAB).

Presentation of the 5Growth project. Available at:

https://youtu.be/7uC0SN0F79g

2020-05-19

“The role of computing in

the post 5G-era:

Architectures and enabling

technologies”, workshop,

co-located with ONDM'20

(WS)

Evolutionary trends in operators' networks for

beyond 5G

2020-05-19 5th IEEE International

Workshop on Orchestration

Towards a standardized transport slicing

architecture in operator networks

1 https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/ngni/events/fuseco_forum_2019

https://youtu.be/7uC0SN0F79g

https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/ngni/events/fuseco_forum_2019


H2020-856709

for Software Defined

Infrastructures (O4SDI), co-

located with the 2020

IEEE/IFIP NOMS

2020-05-26

5G PPP TB eWorkshop

(Session on Collaboration

among infrastructure and

vertical validation trials

projects)

An exemplary view from an ICT-19 project: 5Growth

– Link with 5G-EVE and 5G VINNI

2020-05-26

5G PPP TB eWorkshop

(Session on Business Model

Validation)

5Growth business validation

2020-05-26 5G PPP TB eWorkshop (AIML

session)

A Deep Learning Approach for vRAN Resource

Orchestration

2020-05-26

5G PPP TB eWorkshop

(Session on Validation and

KPIs)

5G PPP TMV TF on vertical KPIs Industry 4.0



2020-06-09 5G End-to-end

Experimentation by Verticals

in EU projects workshop

Intervention at Introductory Panel called: “Key

challenges and requirements for 5G experiments

with verticals” and at Concluding Panel called: “End

to end 5G experimentation across multiple EU

projects”

2020-09-11 5G From Theory to Practice

(5GToP) Workshop, in

conjunction with IEEE 5G

World Forum

Presentation overviewing 5Growth project:

“Validating 5G in vertical industries: the 5Growth

project”

2020-10-14 5G Workshop on “5G

Experimentation Facilities

and Vertical Trials: Current

Status and Future

Perspectives” organized by

5GENESIS/NCSR

“DEMOKRITOS”

Presentation called “Validating 5G in vertical

industries: the 5Growth project”

2020-09-29 CTIF Global Capsule “23rd

Strategic Workshop”, theme

“Sustainable Green

Environments”

Presentation called “5G-enhanced verticals:

contributions of the 5Growth project into the

railways and energy sectors”

2020-09-23 Event organized (Panel) by

5G Solutions project in

collaboration with the IEEE

ComSoc EMEA region

Presentation called “The Operator Point of View on

Transport Network, Not just phone calls and

messages where new telecommunication

technologies (5G) are hiding?”


H2020-856709

2020-10-02 Talk organized by IEEE

ComSoc EMEA

Presentation called “Get Smart – The Challenges in

Data-Driven Network Management”

2020-11-11 Keynote at

IEEE NFV SDN 2020

Keynote called “Serious science and serious

engineering - The way of software-based network

experimentation”

2020-11-09 Keynote at MOBISLICE III

workshop co-located with

the IEEE NFV-SDN 2020

Keynote called “Network slicing in practice through

service federation”

2020-11-19 Talk at MDPI webinar called

“Beyond 5G Webinar”

Talk called “5Growth Network Architectures for 5G

and beyond”

2020-12-09 5G PPP TB eWorkshop

(industry 4.0 session)

5Growth - Industry 4.0 Low Latency services on a

shared Transport Network


(Testing: Methodologies and

Setup session)

5G EVE & 5Growth: Dealing with App validation, in

practice


(Integrating Public and

Private Networks session)

On the operation of Non-Public Networks – An

MNO’s perspective


(Integrating Public and

Private Networks session)

5Growth - “Slice Capability Exposure as an Enabler

for NSaaS


(Working on verticals

session)

5Growth - E2E Solutions for experimenting 5G

vertical services across multiple Platforms and Sites

2020-12-09 Keynote at SBRC 2020 Scaling and Sharing Network Slices in 5G Networks

and Beyond

2020-12-11 Talk at the 5G PPP

Architecture WG Meeting

5Growth Architecture Design & Innovations

2021-01-11 Presentation at the 5G-

VINNI ESB (External

Stakeholders Board)

Presentation of the objectives, status and future

plans concerning the 5Growth 5G infrastructure

and Transportation and Energy use cases.

2021-03-10 Keynote at R2T2: Robotics

Research for Tomorrow's

Technology 2021

Supporting Industry 4.0 in Next-generation

Cellular: The Digital Twin Use Case

2021-03-25 Presentation at the

Metromeet'21 conference:

“Intelligent Metrology for a

Sustainable And Efficient

Digital Factory”

5Growth: 5G Metrology for a 5G Industry

2021-03-04 Presentation at 1st SLICES

workshop: Next Generation

ICT Research Infrastructures

Twinning Networks: On the Use and Challenges of

Network Digital Twins

2021-04-08 2nd 5G EVE Learn and Drive Panelist in the slot on “A great chance for SMEs and

startups to boost 5G applications”


H2020-856709

2021-04-13 Presentation at Layer123

Europe 2021 Event

Data flow aggregation for smarter network security

2021-04-27 NGIoT Thematic workshop

series on IoT and Edge

Computing (Session: Part I

Industrial IoT and Edge

Node Use Cases)

Towards an Autonomous Zero-X manufacturing

4.0: Human-Centred Tactile Manufacturing

Intelligence (Talk in panel)

2021-05-12 Presentation in Universidad

de Murcia

Introduction to Network Function Virtualization:

concept and standardization

2021-05-25 5GPPP TB eWorkshop 5Growth Interaction with 5G Experimentation

Platforms



2021-06-03 BEREC Workshop on 5G Panelist in BEREC Workshop on 5G. More info in:

https://berec.europa.eu/eng/events/berec_events_

2021/282-berec-workshop-on-5g (no presentation

associated)

2021-06-08 EUCNC'21 Talk in WS6: 5G

Private Networks

5Growth NPN Deployment Solutions & Industry

4.0 Pilot Examples

2021-06-08 EUCNC'21 Talk in WS6: 5G

Private Networks

Outlook for operator adoption of 5G Private

Networks

2021-06-11 EUCNC'21 Panelist EUCNC'21: "Seeding the long-term vision

for Autonomous Network Management on the

road to 6G Projects"

2021-07-20 Talk at the IEEE 7th World

Forum on Internet of Things

on Artificial Intelligence and

Machine Learning (AI/ML)

(TOP1)

Application of AI/ML for Learning-based Scaling

for the Industry 4.0 Services

2021-07-27 Talk at the NMRG meeting

within IETF111

A Practical Application of Monitoring data and AI

for Network Management in an Industrial

Environment

2021-07-27 Talk at the NMRG meeting

within IETF111

Toward Building a Context-Aware Data

Aggregation Framework for Network Monitoring

2021-10-13 Talk at the architecture

white paper version 4.0

presentation workshop

Architecture white paper. Chapter on

Management and orchestration.

2021-10-15 IEEE 5G World forum Moving to a new Innovation ecosystem powered

by 5G and AI

2021-10-25 Panelist at NetPA workshop

(co-located with IEEE

CNSM'21)

Panelist at IEEE CNSM'21 NetPA workshop. Panel

name: “On the challenges of network

programmability and automation under resilience

and sustainability stakes”

https://berec.europa.eu/eng/events/berec_events_2021/282-berec-workshop-on-5g

https://berec.europa.eu/eng/events/berec_events_2021/282-berec-workshop-on-5g


H2020-856709

2021-11-25 Talk at the 3 Visions for

Future Communications

Summit

Closing the Closed Loops

2021-12-07 "Human-Centric and Tactile

IoT" workshop co-located

with IEEE GLOBECOM 2021

Industry 4.0, 5G and Digital Factories (Keynote

talk)

2021-12-09 Panelist at IP2 of IEEE

Globecom 2021

Panelist at IEEE Globecom IPA2: Europe’s industrial

and digital development. The commitment of the

European Digital Innovation Hubs

2021-12-15 Talk at IEEE Standards

Summit 2021 - Short

Technical Talks:

“Standardization Activities

by 5GPPP Research

Projects“

SDO impacts of 5Growth

2022-01-18 Talk at 5GPPP TB e-

Workshop (5G-I TB

workshop ICT-17 & ICT-19

session)

E2E Solutions for experimenting 5G Vertical

services across ICT-17 and ICT-19 platforms

2.2. Synergies with other projects

Table 8, Table 9 and Table 10 report collaborative activities with other EU and international research

projects (e.g., through 5G PPP working groups, or working groups of other platforms) towards a

coordinated action inside the 5G PPP.

In addition to that, the project partners have been regularly attending the meetings and participating

in the activities of the 5G PPP working groups, including the steering board and technical board, Pre-

Standardization, Vision and Societal Challenges, 5G Architecture, Trials, SME, Software Networks,

Security, and Test, Measurements and KPI Validation. During the project lifetime, 5Growth

consortium has attended (due to the re-occurring nature of the 5G PPP WG meetings) attending at

least 66 5G-PPP meetings (estimated) and generated a total of 42 joint publications (including papers

and white papers). Additionally, several demos have been carried out with other projects.

TABLE 8: COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES WITH EU AND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECTS IN Y1

Item Explanation

Joint Paper with project 5G-

TRANSFORMER @ IEEE Communications

Magazine

Service Shifting: A Paradigm for Service Resilience

in 5G

Joint Paper with projects: 5G-

TRANSFORMER, 5G-MoNArch, 5G-TOURS

@ ACM Mobicom 2019

vrAIn: A Deep Learning Approach Tailoring

Computing and Radio Resources in Virtualized

RANs

Joint Demo with projects: 5G-

TRANSFORMER, 5G-MoNArch, 5G-TOURS

@ ACM Mobicom 2019

vrAIn Proof-of-Concept — A Deep Learning

Approach for Virtualized RAN Resource Control


H2020-856709

5G PPP Technology Board meeting Report 5Growth interaction with ICT-17 platforms

5G PPP Software Network WG virtual

meeting

Discussion about our future plan/actions of the WG

for 2019-2020

Joint Paper submitted with 5G-

TRANSFORMER project @ IEEE ICC 2020 A Q-learning strategy for federation of 5G services

First technology roadmap for advanced

wireless, EMPOWER Roadmap

Joint Paper with project 5G-

TRANSFORMER and 5G-Tours project @

IEEE JSAC SI (“Advances in Artificial

Intelligence and Machine Learning for

Networking”)

DeepCog: Optimizing Resource Provisioning in

Network Slicing with AI-based Capacity Forecasting

Joint Demo with project 5G MISE Trial in

Bari and Matera

Remote Control of a Robot Rover Combining 5G,

AI, and GPU Image Processing at the Edge

EuCNC 2020 white paper on verticals.

Joint white paper on verticals (5GT +

5Growth + other projects) to be

presented during EuCNC 2020.

Empowering Verticals industries through 5G

Networks – Current Status and Future Trends

Presentation of the 5Growth project to 5G

PPP SN WG

Interaction with other projects of the H2020 5G

Infrastructure PPP, 5G PPP SNWG meeting

Brochure for MWC 2020 from 5G PPP

Software Network Working Group

Participation of 5Growth project in the MWC’20

brochure of SN WG called: Cloud Native and 5G

Verticals’ services

Joint demo: 5Growth (ICT-19 project), 5G-

CLARITY (ICT-20 project), and 5G-DIVE

(EU-Taiwan ICT-23 project) at EuCNC

2020 Booth

“Hybrid eMBB-URLLC network slicing for I4.0”

Joint demo with project 5G-

TRANSFORMER at INFOCOM 2020

NFV Service Federation: enabling Multi-Provider

eHealth Emergency Services

Joint demo with project 5G-

TRANSFORMER at INFOCOM 2020

Arbitrating Network Services in 5GNetworks for

Automotive Vertical Industry

5G PPP White paper on edge computing Contribution on Edge Computing in 5Growth

5G PPP White paper on 5G architecture

(consolidated version)

Capturing novel trends and key technological

enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture

Joint paper with 5G-TRANSFORMER and

5G-CORAL projects at Elsevier Computer

Networks

On the integration of NFV and MEC technologies:

architecture analysis and benefits for edge robotics

Joint workshop with 5G-DIVE, co-located

with Globecom 2020

Intelligent Fog and Edge Infrastructures for Future

Wireless Systems

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Business model

validation session)

Participation in the discussion on business

validation with the 5Growth business validation

https://5growth.eu/svn/5growth/execution/WP6/T6.3_Interaction_with_other_projects_of_the_H2020_5G_Infrastructure_PPP/200116_5GPPP_SNWG_meeting

https://5growth.eu/svn/5growth/execution/WP6/T6.3_Interaction_with_other_projects_of_the_H2020_5G_Infrastructure_PPP/200116_5GPPP_SNWG_meeting


H2020-856709


Item Explanation

Joint Demo with project 5G-TOURS @ 5G

End-to-end experimentation by verticals

in EU projects Workshop

Demo called: “vrAIn: AI-driven orchestation of

vRAN resources”

Contribution to 5G IA white paper called

“Business Validation in 5G PPP vertical use

cases”, from “Vision and Societal

Challenges Working Group / Business

Validation, Models, and Ecosystems Sub-

Group”

White paper

Publication of white paper: Empowering

Verticals industries through 5G Networks

- Current Status and Future Trends, from

5GPPPTechnology Board&5G IA Verticals

Task Force

White paper

Joint paper with 5G-DIVE project at MDPI

Electronics journal

Paper called: Overview of Architectural Alternatives

for the Integration of ETSI MEC Environments from

Different Administrative Domains

Participation in the report of 5G PPP Pre-

Standardisation Work Group

Report called: “5G PPP Projects Impact on SDO

Technical Report”

Participation in the 5GPP TMV working

group White Paper on ICT-19

Performance KPIs

White paper name: “Service performance

measurement methods over 5G experimental

networks”

Joint paper with 5G-DIVE project at IEEE

NFV-SDN'20 Paper called: DLT federation for Edge robotics

Joint paper with 5G-DIVE at IEEE

Globecom 2020 WS AT5G+

Paper called: An Intelligent Edge-based Digital

Twin for Robotics

Joint paper with 5G-DIVE at IEEE NFV-

SDN 2020 WS MOBISLICE III

Paper called: “GANSO: Automate Network Slicing

at the Transport Network Interconnecting the Edge

Joint paper with MonB5G Project at

Transaction on Wireless Communications

Paper called: LACO: A Latency-driven Network

Slicing Orchestration in Beyond-5G Networks

EC H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP - PPP

T&Ps Summary Table - PPP T&Ps

Brochure n°2 - PPP Verticals Cartography

Participation with the pilot called: “5Growth:

Industry 4.0 Low Latency use cases on shared

Network”

5G PPP projects' brochure to be released

early next year. Phase 3 projects brochure

Joint workshop with 5G-DIVE and

Empower Beyond 5G Evolution

5G PPP White paper “Delivery to 5G Services to Indoors”

5G PPP White paper “AI/ML for future networks”

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Industry 4.0

session)

5Growth - Industry 4.0 Low Latency services on a

shared Transport Network

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Testing:

Methodologies and Setup session)

5G EVE & 5Growth - “Dealing with App validation,

in practice”


H2020-856709

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Integrating Public

and Private Networks session)

5Growth - “Slice Capability Exposure as an Enabler

for NSaaS”

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Working on

verticals session)

5Growth - "E2E Solutions for experimenting 5G

vertical services across multiple Platforms and

Sites”

5G PPP TB eWorkshop (Integrating Public

and Private Networks Session)

5Growth – “On the operation of Non-Public

Networks – An MNO’s perspective”

ETSI ENI PoC #9 ETSI ENI PoC #9: Autonomous Network Slice

Management for 5G Vertical Services

Joint webinar with 5G-DIVE 5Growth and 5G-DIVE Research Projects: diferentes

acercamientos para el Edge (in Spanish)

Joint webinar with 5G-DIVE Projetos de pesquisas 5Growth e 5G-DIVE:

diferentes abordagens para Edge (in Portuguese)

Joint journal paper with 5G-DIVE at IEEE

Transactions on Mobile Computing

Journal paper co-authored by 5Growth and 5G-

DIVE: “Delay and reliability-constrained VNF

placement on mobile and volatile 5G

infrastructure”

Participation in the 5G-VINNI ESB (Extern

Stakeholders Board) meeting

The objective, status and future plans concerning

the 5Growth 5G infrastructure and Transportation

and Energy use cases.

Joint Demo paper with 5G-DIVE at IEEE

INFOCOM'21

Demo paper called: “Demo: AIML-as-a-Service for

SLA management of a Digital Twin Virtual Network

Service”

Joint Demo paper with DAEMON at IEEE

INFOCOM'21

Demo paper called: “Demonstrating a Bayesian

Online Learning for Energy-Aware Resource

Orchestration in vRANs”

Joint journal article with 5G-DIVE at

Inderscience

Journal paper called: “Monitoring in fog

computing: state-of-the-art and research

challenges”

Joint journal article with 5G-DIVE at

Eurasip JWCN

Journal paper called: “Architecture for integrating

vertical customer programmability control of

network functions and connectivity in a slice-as-a

service schema”

Joint conference paper with 5G-DIVE and

5G-VINNI projects

Conference paper called: “On Slice Isolation

Options in the Transport Network and Associated

Feasibility Indicators”

Joint journal article with 5G-EVE project at

IEEE Communications Magazine

Journal paper called: “Public and Non-Public

Network Integration for 5Growth Industry 4.0 Use

Cases”

Joint journal article with 5G-DIVE at Wiley

Internet Technology Letters (Special Issue:

Mobility support in Slice-Based Network

Control for Heterogeneous Environment)

Journal paper called: “Support for Availability

Attributes in Network Slices in GANSO”

5G PPP White Paper “Service performance measurement methods over

5G experimental networks”


H2020-856709

5G PPP White Paper “Understanding the Numbers Contextualization

and Impact Factors of 5G Performance Results”

Joint journal article with 5G-DIVE at IEEE

Communications Magazine (Special Issue:

Networks for Cyber-Physical Systems and

Industry 4.0)

Journal paper called: “Towards Intelligent Cyber-

Physical Systems: Digital Twin meets Artificial

Intelligence”


Item Explanation

5GPPP Trials and Pilots Brochure No3 Participation in the [5G-TB] Trials and Pilots

Brochure No3: Results – COMAU Pilot

5GPPP Trials and Pilots Brochure No3 Participation in the [5G-TB] Trials and Pilots

Brochure No3: Results – INNOVALIA Pilot

5G IA White Paper “European Vision for the 6G Network Ecosystem”

Joint workshop organization in EUCNC'21

with INSPIRE-5Gplus, 5GASP, 5GZORRO,

5Growth, 5GENESIS, 5GMobix, 5G-

INDUCE, SPIDER, Hexa-X, Teraflow,

PALANTIR and PUZZLE

WS8: From 5G to 6G Automated and Intelligent

SecuriTy: FAST

Joint workshop organization in EUCNC'21

with FUDGE-5G, 5G-VINNI, 5G-RECORDS,

AFFORDABLE-5G, 5Growth, 5G-CLARITY,

5G-SMART, 5G-TOURS,

5G-INDUCE, 5G-Solutions, 5G- VICTORI,

PriMO-5G

WS6: 5G Private Networks

Joint workshop paper with 5G-DIVE at

"MobileServerless ‘21", co-located with

ACM MobiSys 2021

Workshop paper called: “COTORRA: COntext-aware

Testbed fOR Robotic Applications”

ECSEL/KDT and LIASE White Paper “Lighthouse Industry 4.0”

Moderator of 5GPPP TMV WG webinar

Webinar called: “Practical insights from 5G Test,

Measurement and KPI Validation with vertical

applications”

Joint workshop organization in CNSM'21

with Hexa-X, MON-B5G, 5G-DIVE

Zero-Touch Network and Service Management

(ZNSM) workshop, co-located with CNSM'21


Access

Journal called: "Dissecting the Impact of

Information and Communication Technologies on

Digital Twins as a Service"

Joint journal paper with 5G-EVE at IEEE

Access

Journal paper called: "Multi-Domain Solution for

the Deployment of Private 5G Networks"

5G PPP White Paper "View on 5G Architecture"

Joint journal article with 5G-

TRANSFORMER project at IEEE TNSM

Journal paper called: “Automated Service

Provisioning and Hierarchical SLA Management in

5G Systems”

Joint Exploitation Workshop organization

with 5G-DIVE "Experiences from field trial about vertical industry"


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Talk at IEEE 5G World forum “Moving to a new Innovation ecosystem powered

by 5G and AI (5G-EVE & 5Growth)”

Joint workshop paper with 5G-DIVE at

"MOBISLICE'21", co-located with IEEE

NFV-SDN 2021

Workshop paper called: “OpenFlowMon: A Fully

Distributed Monitoring Framework for Virtualized

Environments”

Joint journal article with INSPIRE-5Gplus

at Journal of ICT Standardization

Journal paper called: “A Model-based Approach to

Multi-domain Monitoring Data Aggregation”

Co-editor of 5GPPP White Paper "NPNs - State of the art and way forward"

Joint journal article with DAEMON project

at IEEE TMC

Journal paper called: “Orchestrating Energy-

Efficient vRANs: Bayesian Learning and

Experimental Results”

5G PPP Architecture WP Vice-chair

election

5Growth TM elected as Vice-chair of the 5GPPP

Architecture WG


Access

Journal paper called: “Dimensioning V2N Services

in 5G Networks through Forecast-based Scaling”

Joint demo paper with DAEMON at ACM

MobiHoc 21

Demo called: “Demo: Nuberu — A Reliable DU

Design Suitable for Virtualization Platforms”

Joint journal paper with Affordable5G,

DAEMON and 6GBrain

FlexDRAN: Flexible Centralization in Disaggregated

Radio Access Networks

Joint journal paper with 5G-EVE at IEEE

TNSM

Monitoring Platform Evolution towards Serverless

Computing for 5G and Beyond Systems

2.3. Event organization

Table 11 reports on the participation of the 5Growth consortium in the organization of dissemination

events during the project lifetime, which realization already happened during the Y2 and Y3 of the

project. Many of these events were co-located with renowned conferences (e.g., EUCNC’21).

Furthermore, satisfaction ratio for those events in which polls could be gathered was above 70%.

More specifically, the project organized three events of more than 30 attendees for which it could

gather polls with satisfaction rates of 99%, 100%, and 96%.

TABLE 11: 5GROWTH ORGANIZED EVENTS

Date Item Explanation

2020-06-09

Joint half-day online workshop with

5Growth, 5G-DIVE, 5G-EVE, 5G-VINNI,

and 5G-TOURS

Open virtual workshop in which 5G

projects will present their latest

results, including demonstrations.

2020-07-09 Powering 5G in industry Periodical webinar with Layer123

2020-09-10 5G from Theory to Practice (5GToP)

Workshop

Co-located with IEEE 5G World Forum

2020, Bangalore, India2

2020-11-10 IEEE NFV-SDN 2020 November 10-12, 2020

2 https://ieee-wf-5g.org/5g-from-theory-to-practice-5gtop-workshop/

https://ieee-wf-5g.org/5g-from-theory-to-practice-5gtop-workshop/


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2020-11-10 Mobislice 2020 Co-located with IEEE NFVSDN 2020

2020-11-19 Beyond 5G Evolution MDPI Webinar 20203

2021-01-12

Webinar called “5Growth and 5G-DIVE

Research Projects: diferentes

acercamientos para el Edge”

Telesemana Webinar4

2021-01-14

Webinar called “Projetos de pesquisas

5Growth e 5G-DIVE: diferentes

abordagens para Edge”

Telecom Webinar5

2021-03-05 Ericsson internal event Outside-insight program: Factories of

the Future

2021-06-08

WS8: From 5G to 6G Automated and

Intelligent SecuriTy: FAST (co-located with

EUCNC21)

EUCNC’21

2021-06-08 WS6: 5G Private Networks (co-located

with EUCNC21) EUCNC’21

2021-10-25

1st International Workshop on Zero-

Touch Network and Service Management

(ZNSM 2021). It has been merged with

NetP workshop, resulting in NetPA

workshop

Co-located with IEEE CNSM 20216

2021-10-29 "Experiences from field trial about vertical

industry"

Joint organization of 5Growth/5G-

DIVE exploitation workshop

2021-11-26 Event called "Empowering the future" Efacec internal exploitation event

Weekly

since July

2021

"Weekly recurrent I4.0 5G Business

Steering meeting at Ericsson ERC" Ericsson Spain Internal

Bi-weekly

since

September

2021

"Boosting the industrialization of slicing

services to Enterprise 5G customer

segments"

Ericsson Spain and Telefonica internal

April/Nove

mber 2021

"Presentation of 5Growth COMAU results

to internal project" Ericsson Italy (TEI) internal

2021-12-09 Ericsson Research Day Ericsson Italy (TEI) internal

2021-12-01 Product roadmap opportunities with

5Growth solutions Ericsson Italy (TEI)/TIM internal

2021-12-10 Ericsson-TIM internal Workshop Ericsson Italy (TEI)/TIM internal

3 https://electronics-2.sciforum.net/ 4 https://www.telesemana.com/blog/webinar/5growth-and-5g-dive-research-projects-different-approaches-

to-the-edge/ 5 https://telecomwebinar.com/webinar/projetos-de-pesquisas-5growth-e-5g-dive-diferentes-abordagens-

para-edge/ 6 http://www.cnsm-conf.org/2021/workshop_NetPA.html

https://electronics-2.sciforum.net/

https://www.telesemana.com/blog/webinar/5growth-and-5g-dive-research-projects-different-approaches-to-the-edge/

https://www.telesemana.com/blog/webinar/5growth-and-5g-dive-research-projects-different-approaches-to-the-edge/

https://telecomwebinar.com/webinar/projetos-de-pesquisas-5growth-e-5g-dive-diferentes-abordagens-para-edge/

https://telecomwebinar.com/webinar/projetos-de-pesquisas-5growth-e-5g-dive-diferentes-abordagens-para-edge/

http://www.cnsm-conf.org/2021/workshop_NetPA.html


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2022-03-11 (after project end)

Virtual Aveiro Harbour workshop:

Portuguese 5G vertical solutions

EFACEC_S/EFACEC_E, Altice and

ITAV exploitation event


Aveiro Harbour OpenDay - Half-day

5Growth workshop dedicated to

Portuguese Pilot achievements

EFACEC_S/EFACEC_E, Altice and

ITAV industrial dissemination event

2.4. Exhibitions and Technology Demonstrations

Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14 report the exhibitions and technology demonstrations performed in

different dissemination events in Y1, Y2 and Y3, respectively. Overall, the consortium achieved 27

technology demonstrations in different venues. 8 out of these 27 exhibitions/demonstrations were

vertical-oriented.

TABLE 12: EXHIBITIONS AND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS IN DISSEMINATION EVENTS IN Y1


2019-10-21 ACM Mobicom

2019

vrAIn Proof-of-Concept — A Deep Learning Approach for

Virtualized RAN Resource Control

2020-03-08 OFC 2020 Remote Control of a Robot Rover Combining 5G, AI, and

GPU Image Processing at the Edge

2020-05-27

5GPPP TB

eWorkshop

(Session on Use of

AI & ML in

networks – Part 1)

vrAIn: AI-driven orchestration of vRAN resources



2020-06-09

Online workshop with 5G-

DIVE, 5G-EVE, 5G-VINNI, 5G-

TOURS

vrAIn: AI-driven orchestration

of vRAN resources

2020-07-06 INFOCOM 2020

NFV Service Federation:

enabling Multi-Provider

eHealth Emergency Services

2020-07-06 INFOCOM 2020

Arbitrating Network Services

in 5GNetworks for Automotive

Vertical Industry

2020-07-09 Online webinar Layer123 on

Powering 5G in Industry

vrAIn: AI-driven orchestration

of vRAN resources

2020-10-12 ACM MobiHoc 2020 Demo: Scaling Composite

NFV-Network Services

2020-11-19 Joint with BT/5G-VINNI End to End (E2E) Immersive

Telepresence over 5G Network

2020-12-18 ETSI ENI PoC#9

ETSI ENI PoC #9: Autonomous

Network Slice Management

for 5G Vertical Services


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2021-03-10 OSM Ecosystem Day

Demo: Vertical's intent

evolution at service runtime

driving vCDN automated

scaling

2021-05-12 INFOCOM 2021

Scaling Federated Network

Services: Managing SLAs in

Multi-Provider Industry 4.0

Scenarios

2021-05-12 INFOCOM 2021

Demo: AIML-as-a-Service for

SLA management of a Digital

Twin Virtual Network Service

2021-05-12 INFOCOM 2021

Demonstrating a Bayesian

Online Learning for Energy-

Aware Resource Orchestration

in vRANs



2021-06-29 IEEE NetSoft 2021 Slice Isolation for 5G Transport Networks

2021-06-29 Advanced Factories

2021

M3 SMART CYBER PHYSICAL METROLOGY 4.0 SYSTEM has

been selected as 2021 Advanced Factory Finalist for Best

industrial equipment for the factory of the future

2021-07-29 IEEE SECON'21 Log Management in NFV Service Orchestration

2021-07-29 IEEE SECON'21 Deploying Hybrid Network Services: Mixing VNFs and CNFs

in Multi-site Infrastructures

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Pilot. EFACEC Energia’s energy pilot

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Pilot. EFACEC Engenharia e Sistemas

transportation pilot

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Pilot. COMAU industry 4.0 pilot.

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Pilot. INNOVALIA industry 4.0 pilot.

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Innovation. ‘ML-driven Scaling of Digital Twin

Service in 5Growth'

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Innovation. ‘Performance Isolation for 5G Network

Slicing’

2021-06-09 EUCNC'21 5Growth Innovation. ‘Moving Target Defense’

2021-06-28 MWC'21 Zero Defect Manufacturing with Edge Computing and 5G

Connectivity

2022-01-31 Mobicom'21 Demo: Nuberu — A Reliable DU Design Suitable for

Virtualization Platforms

2022-02-28 MWC’22 Log parsing demo at CTTC booth


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Innotrans’22 Presentation of main achievements of 5Growth vertical

transportation solutions

2.5. Bachelor, Master, PhD Theses and Internships

Table 15 reports bachelor, master, and PhD theses as well as internships on matters related to

5Growth for a total of 27.

TABLE 15: 5GROWTH-RELATED BACHELOR, MASTER AND PHD THESES, AND INTERNSHIPS

Type (PhD/Master/Int.) State Title

PhD Ongoing AI/ML-enabled Software Defined Smart

Networks on Distributed and Next

generation Architectures

PhD Ongoing Smart Networks and IoT

PhD Ongoing Artificial Intelligence Driven Next Generation

Networking

Master Finished A new SDN application providing Quality of

Service (QoS) for network slicing

PhD Ongoing Offloading of 5G functions in accelerated

edge data centres

Master Finished AI-based algorithms and experimental

evaluation for beyond 5G

Master Finished A Deep Learning Analysis of Internet Traffic

Datasets for 5G MEC Dimensioning

PhD Ongoing ML-driven edge network resource allocation

Master Ongoing Performance evaluation and design of ML-

based solutions for the support of mobile

services in 5G systems

Master Finished Machine Learning for 5G/6G Mobile

Networks

Master Finished AI-based algorithms and experimental

evaluation for beyond 5G

Master Finished A Machine-learning Approach for Video

Streaming Provisioning at the Network Edge

PhD Finished Development and Performance Evaluation of

Network Function Virtualization Services in

5G Multi-Access Edge Computing

infrastructure

PhD Ongoing Virtualized Mobile Services at the edge of

the network

Internship Finished P4 Programmable Traffic Management

Master Finished 5G Interdomain Orchestration Mechanisms

for Flexible Vertical Services Deployment

Master Finished Inter-domain orchestration for verticals in

5G network services


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Master Finished A reinforcement learning algorithm for

optimal Virtual network functions allocations

among 5G edge computing centers

PhD Finished End-to-end network service orchestration in

heterogeneous domains for next-generation

mobile networks

Master Finished Flexible Software-Defined Networks

PhD Ongoing Dynamic Security Mechanisms for

Softwarized and Virtualized Networks


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3. Explanation of the work carried out by beneficiaries and

overview of the progress

3.1. Objectives

This section is devoted to the progress towards the fulfilment of the project objectives. For each of

the objectives identified in the Description of Action (DoA), we present the details on how they have

been tackled technically and by which WP.

Objective 1 Validate 5Growth business model

Description The analysis of the technical and functional requirements of the different use cases

and field trials planned within the project shall spawn a successful business model

that is advantageous for mobile operators, service providers and, especially,

vertical sectors. The first objective of 5Growth is thus to validate the business

viability of the entire project ecosystem.

R&D Topics WP/task Details

Analyze technical

and functional

requirements of

vertical use cases and

field trials

WP1/T1.1 • A detailed description of the pilots and the use cases.

D1.1 [8].

• A detailed business, functional and technical

requirements for all the different vertical pilot use cases

has been reported in D1.1 [8].

Survey business

models from both 5G

infrastructure owner

and verticals’

perspective

WP1/T1.1 • Identification of the stakeholders in each pilot.

• Definition of the business model and the services flow

per pilot in D1.1 [8].

WP1/T1.2 • Identification of the economic flow between the

different stakeholders D1.2 [9].

• Estimation of the benefits of the pilots for the

stakeholders D1.2 [9].

• Final design of the business models in D1.3 [10].

WP1/T1.3 • Design of a flexible Service Level Agreements (SLA)

model to complement the business analysis in D1.3 [10].

Verification WP/task Details

Report on techno-

economic study and

validation of business

models

WP1/T1.2

WP1/T1.3

• A detailed techno economic analysis including initial

analytical results to characterize the techno-ecosystem

is reported in D1.2 [9] and the final results in D1.3 [10].

• A common methodology for the business model

validation is proposed and applied to evaluate overall

economic and social benefits for each pilot use case to

an European scale, described in D1.2 [9] and final study

was reported in D1.3 [10].

• SLA elicitation and business model validation through

numerical evaluation of the benefits introduced by the


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5G technologies and 5Growth solutions envisaged by

the Project in the 4 Pilots, reported in D1.3 [10].

Present and validate

the advantages of

verticals in an

exploitation-specific

workshop with

verticals

WP1/T1.2

• 5Growth has contributed to a whitepaper [11] organized

by the 5G Public Private Partnership (5G-PPP) and the 5G

Infrastructure Association (5G IA) that provides

information about business requirements and addressed

business cases and solutions for vertical industries. It

also discusses in detail several exemplary use cases from

eleven different vertical sectors and identifies key 5G

features that have been used to meet the specified

requirements.

Objective 2 Design and develop 5Growth extensions into 5G architecture

Description Design and develop the extensions required to incorporate 5Growth main

innovations into the 5G baseline architecture, namely, an automated support to

vertical sectors through an enhanced vertical slicer, orchestration of monitoring

and telemetry services in support of the verticals; a network slicing/service

orchestration and SLA modelling and control that offers isolation, virtualization,

multi-domain management of resources (beyond MANO) and cross-domain

orchestration capabilities to enable the operation of the different vertical slices.


Analyze the 5G-

TRANSFORMER

architecture and

identify the technical

gaps and

enhancements

required to support

5Growth vertical use

cases and field trials

WP2/T2.1 • We have performed a functional and technical gap

analysis, which was reported in D2.1 [1].

• Our gap analysis motivated the selection of a set of

innovations for integration into the 5Growth baseline

platform. The selection and its criteria were reported in

D2.1 [1].

Develop novel

interfaces between a

vertical slicer

component and the

vertical parties,

offering verticals

more control over

their own services

and improved

information models

WP2/T2.2 • Several innovations have been developed to enhance

the vertical support, documented in D2.3 [1] and the

code release in D2.4 [2][2]:

o RAN slicing: this innovation allows vertical

parties to specify 5G requirements include radio

coverage aspects.

o Security: implementation of Moving Target

Defence (MTD) mechanisms to provide security

for the verticals on external interfaces.

o Multi-domain: multi-level and multi-domain

solutions were developed for handling different

types of services across communication services,

network slices, and network services; accordingly

novel interfaces and driver functions have been

developed for ICT-17 integration as well as

interworking with external domains.


H2020-856709

Extend the 5G-

TRANSFORMER

monitoring platform

to provide verticals

with analytic services

and improved SLA-

driven control of

network slices

WP2/T2.3 • Final design and implementation of the Vertical-

oriented Monitoring System (5Gr-VoMS) in the context

of Innovation 2, and the design of Innovation 3

(Monitoring Orchestration). The latter provides

automation capabilities to the 5Gr-VoMS, achieving the

integration of features related to the full control of the

lifecycle of the monitor functions instances. The final

Release (developed during this second reporting period)

implements additional features such as gathering

application metrics and collecting logs from VNFs. The

final release of 5Gr-VoMS is detailed in D2.3 [1] and final

code release in D2.4 [2][2].

Design and integrate

the components

required to extend

the baseline 5G

architecture to

achieve E2E network

slicing (spanning

RAN, back/fronthaul

and computing

infrastructure) and

service orchestration

WP2/T2.4 Completed the final design of the 5Growth architecture and

innovations in D2.3 and delivered the final release of the

5Growth platform with all software components in D2.4:

• Vertical Slicer

• Service Orchestrator

• Resource Layer

• Vertical-oriented Monitoring System

• AI/ML Platform

• Forecasting Functional Block

During the second period, an additional set of innovations

was further developed, namely:

• AI/ML platform (5Gr-AIMLP) to assist 5Growth

components in AI/ML tasks such as model provisioning

and model training.

• The integration of O-RAN compliant next-generation

RANs.

• Anomaly detection mechanisms.

• Moving Target Defense (MTD) mechanisms to provide

security in external interfaces.

• Novel forecasting and inference algorithms.

• Data-driven and AI-based automated scaling.

• Smart orchestration and resource control algorithms.

• Support of performance isolation mechanisms with

OpenFlow and P4-capable switches at 5Gr-RL.

• Extended federation and multi-domain mechanisms.


Analyze and simulate

to pre-evaluate

medium and/or

large-scale systems

WP2/all

tasks

In WP2, we have evaluated a number of mechanisms

through simulations. For instance:

• A novel AI-driven orchestration mechanism for vRAN/O-

RAN networks has been demonstrated [14].

• An AI-driven federation mechanism [15].

• An AI-driven VNF-FG mechanism [13].

• MTD mechanism for security [16].


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• Dynamic user profiling and forecasting mechanisms [13].

Additional results will be provided during the second

reporting period.

Develop and

demonstrate proof-

of-concept

prototypes (TRL 4)

WP2/all

tasks

In addition, small-scale proof of concepts have been created

to demonstrate such innovations as:

• A novel AI-driven orchestration mechanism for vRAN/O-

RAN networks [14].

• Performance isolation over P4-capable networks [12].

• Automated AI-driven NFV-NS scaling [2].

• Additional PoCs were also developed during the second

reporting period.

Objective 3 Perform field trials and showcase vertical use cases in field trials

Description Integrate and deploy the 5Growth service platform on top of ICT-17 platforms and

complementary trial sites (incl. vertical sites) and demonstrate 9 use cases across 4

pilots through field trials.


Integrate novel

5Growth

components

developed in WP2

into the 5G baseline

architecture

WP3/T3.1

WP3/T3.2

• Selected innovations from WP2 (D3.1 [17], D3.2 [18],

D3.4 [20]).

• First version of software implementation for the platform

(D3.3 [20]).

• Final version of the software on Github and reported in

D3.5 [3].

Deploy the 5Growth

system across all trial

sites, including

software and

hardware

components for all

use cases planned

such as, e.g., 5G

service-based core,

NR (New Radio),

unlicensed/licensed

spectrum, multi-RAT

technologies, Multi-

access Edge

Computing (MEC)

WP3/T3.3

WP3/T3.4

WP3/T3.5

WP3/T3.6

• Following the analysis and solution proposals described

in D3.1 [17] and D3.2 [18], the HW and SW components

for all required 5G Radio, Core and Cloud Edge

capabilities to support the trials in the scope of the

5Growth project were deployed.

• A first version of software implementation for the

platform can be found in D3.3 [19] and pilot plan

descriptions in D3.4 [20].

• The development for the integration of the 5Growth

platform with ICT-17 (5G-EVE and 5G-VINNI) platforms

was completed, and in addition the new modules and

innovations developed within WP2 were integrated in

the platform. The final release of the software has been

published on public Github and reported in D3.5 [3].

Field trial the

5Growth pilots over

the 5G platform

deployed by 5G

EVE/5G-VINNI,

demonstrating

vertical use cases

including high-

WP3/T3.3

WP3/T3.4

WP3/T3.5

WP3/T3.6

• The deployed pilot platforms were tested for 5G network

performance level qualification to the demands,

especially of very low latency levels and very high data

rates, of the use cases to be validated, both over 5G EVE

and 5G VINNI platforms. Trial activities on all pilots were

performed over these deployments.

• The initial deployment of different pilots and field trial

experiments was reported in D3.4 [20].


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density scenarios and

very-high-data-

volume applications

• The final deployment of infrastructure at all the vertical

facilities and implementation of all the components and

selected innovations required for the trials at the vertical

sites for the execution of use cases for each of the pilots

within the project is documented in D3.6 [4].


Demonstrate 4

Industry 4.0 vertical

use cases through

pilot 1, 2 in field trials

(TRL 6/7)

WP3/T3.3

WP3/T3.4

• Both 5Growth I4.0 use cases (INNOVALIA and COMAU

use cases) have been completed, including the full

integration, execution and validation activities at the

vertical premises. The details on the final deployment of

INNOVALIA and COMAU pilots are reported in D3.6 [4].

o INNOVALIA Pilot: During this period, the 5TONIC

lab was available and was used for setting up and

validation while the implementation of the

infrastructure and the deployment of the

components was done on the vertical premises

at Bilbao. Both use cases within the pilot were set

up and experimented on a real-life industrial

environment.

o COMAU Pilot: during the second period,

completed the integration of all the components

distributed among different premises to

interwork with the previously implemented 5G

network and deployed components at COMAU

premises; further experiments with the use cases

were carried out.

• Both pilots have been selected in the top 10 list of the

EC H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP - PPP T&Ps Brochures

n°2 and n°3.

Demonstrate 2

transportation

vertical use cases

through pilot 3 in a

field trial (TRL 6/7)

WP3/T3.5 • During the second reporting period, the pilot activities

mainly aimed at the implementation of a complete 5G

network at Aveiro Harbor, getting connectivity with

5Growth and 5G-VINNI platforms, and the

experimentation of the use cases in a real-life

environment.

• The final results of EFACEC transportation pilot is

reported in D3.6 [4].

Demonstrate 2

energy vertical use

cases through pilot 4

in a field trial (TRL

6/7)

WP3/T3.6 • During the second reporting period, the pilot focused on

the set up of the use cases using the 5G SA network at

Aveiro University (in Secondary Substation and IT

buildings), leveraging on 5Growth and 5G-VINNI

platforms, and the experimentation of the use cases in a

real-life environment.

• The final results of EFACEC energy pilot are reported in

D3.6 [4].


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Objective 4 Evaluate technical and functional KPIs through 5Growth field trials

Description Validate technical KPIs, core 5G technologies and architectures in the context of

different performance requirements of different slice types (eMBB, mMTC, URLLC),

considering services linked to specific vertical sectors.


Validate 5G core

technologies and

5Growth service

platform (vertical

slicer, service

orchestration,

infrastructure

manager) to satisfy

functional and

technical

requirements of

vertical use cases

WP4/T4.1 • Definition of Service KPIs and Core 5G KPIs based on

existing 5G-PPP KPIs and KPIs defined by the TMV-WG,

5G EVE and 5G-VINNI – specified in D4.1 [21].

• Mapping between Core 5G KPIs and Service KPIs –


• Application of the Service KPIs and their mapping with

Core 5G KPIs to the different pilots – reported in D4.1

[21].

• Mapping between the identified Service KPIs and the

vertical functional requirements for each pilot use case,


Validate end-to-end

5G network slicing

with differentiated

service requirements

(eMBB, mMTC,

URLLC use cases)

WP4/T4.2 • Initial verification methodology and tool design


• Design of a data engineering platform composed of

Data Connect, Data Ingest, Data Analysis, Data Storage

and Data Visualization, described in D4.2 [22]:

o data source,

o data aggregation,

o data consumers,

o metadata.

• Integration with 5Growth platform, reported in D4.2 [22]:

o Data descriptors,

o monitoring platform,

o innovations.

• Integration with ICT-17 platforms, reported in D4.2 [22]:

o 5G EVE,

o 5G-VINNI

• During the second reporting period, refined the

verification methodology and tooling design in D4.3 [5]

and provided the[22] final version in D4.4 [6]. This

provided a common approach for all pilots to the

execution of verification campaigns, and performing

measurements and in processing, integrating, and

making available the produced data for further

applications, including:

o The evolution of the data infrastructure based on

The Semantic Data Aggregator (SDA).

o The enhancements on the measurement tools.

o The definition of experiments descriptors.


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o The integration of these descriptors within an

experiment catalogue, able to support formal

referencing of experimental results. The 5Growth

experiment catalogue is public available on

GitHub: https://github.com/5growth/5gr-pilots.


Report assessing the

achieved KPIs across

5Growth use cases

WP4/T4.3

WP4/T4.4

WP4/T4.5

WP4/T4.6

• During the second reporting period, the last two

validations campaigns were executed, after the initial

one reported in D4.2 [22]. The first campaign, reported

in D4.3 [5], was executed at the ICT-17 facilities in use by

the project, allowing the team to refine the initially

verified tools and methodologies, and to exercise the

relevant KPIs in a controlled experimental environment

that reflects final deployment. The second campaign,

reported in D4.4 [6], included experiment deployments

at all vertical sites and their integration with the ICT-17

facilities, providing this way sound evidence of KPI

fulfilment in close-to-real operational conditions.

Besides this, an analysis of the application of specific

innovations was performed as well under these

conditions.

• Final evaluation and assessment of achieved KPIs

through filed trails at the vertical sites per pilot use case

is documented in D4.4 [6].

Objective 5 Dissemination, standardization and exploitation of 5Growth

Description Dissemination, standardization and exploitation of all concepts and technologies

developed in the 5Growth project.


Outreach

communication to all

stakeholders

including the general

public

WP5/T5.1 • 5Growth web visits reached peaks of up to 90000 (in 365

days) and after that always had more than 55000.

• 5Growth has 780 followers on Twitter.

• 20 YouTube videos uploaded with 4600+ views for a

total of 223 hours with 139 subscribers.

• 764 LinkedIn connections and 211 Instagram followers

• Promotional material prepared (e.g., leaflets, posters,

videos, press releases), incl. appearance in the 5G PPP

Trials&Pilots brochures in its 2nd and 3rd edition.

• Participation in 7 events for society at large.

Dissemination to

relevant industrial

and academic

communities

WP5/T5.2 • A total of 21 events (co-)organized by 5Growth including

1) events organized by the project and talks given by

project partners targeting industry (like webinar

organized with Layer123 on Powering 5G in industry,

5Growth exploitation workshop, internal exploitation

workshops inside companies) or 2) events co-located

https://github.com/5growth/5gr-pilots


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with relevant renowned conferences (e.g., EUCNC’21,

IEEE CNSM’21)

• 27 Bachelor, Master and PhD theses and 5Growth results

introduced in 9 lectures prepared by academic partners.

Maximization of the

impact of project

innovations through

coordinated

exploitation activities

led by the innovation

manager

WP5/T5.2 • The exploitation strategy was reported as part of the

Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation Plan

(CoDEP) in D5.7 [7] and also summarized in this

document.

• Various awards/recognitions were received by the

project (e.g., ETSI MEC Hackathon, 2021 Advanced

Factory finalist for Best industrial equipment for the

factory of the future, various best demo awards)

Contributions to top-

tier scientific journals,

conferences and

magazines

WP5/T5.2 • 81 peer-reviewed publications (34 conferences and 47

journals) in conferences such as ACM Mobicom, ACM

CoNext, IEEE INFOCOM, or journals such as IEEE JSAC,

IEEE TWC, IEEE TMC, as reported in D5.7 [7] and also

summarized in this document.

Contributions to

standardization

bodies

WP5/T5.2 • A standardization advisory committee (SAC) was formed

from 5Growth experts related to the relevant SDOs

(3GPP, IETF, ETSI, IEEE, …). The SAC supported partners

to contribute to SDOs and to disseminate the project

results.

• 85 SDO contributions submitted (3GPP: 38, IETF/IRTF:

20, ETSI: 10, IEEE: 16, GSMA: 1) out of which 43 were

adopted/accepted.

• Assessment of the contribution of 5Growth in support of

5G based on its contributions adopted by the SDOs

(3GPP, IETF/IRTF, ETSI, GSMA, and IEEE), listed in D5.7 [7]

and in this document.

Generation of IPR WP5/T5.2 • Partners patented 7 novel systems and/or methods

related to the innovation outcomes of the project.

• The project also contributed to seven Open Source

projects (e.g., ONOS, e.DO, OSM), and most notably, by

making publicly available the code for all its software

releases, which is available through the GitHub of the

project.


At least 10

publications per year

in top-tier scientific

journals and

conferences such as

WCNC, ICC,

INFOCOM,

GLOBECOM, IEEE

WP5/T5.2 • 81 accepted papers (47 journals and 34 conferences) in

top-tier scientific journals, conferences and magazines,

as reported in D5.7 [7] and in this document.


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COMMAG/WIRELESS

MAG, IEEE/ACM ToN

File at least 5 patent

applications

WP5/T5.2 • 7 patent applications filed.

At least 10 adopted

contributions to

SDOs such as 3GPP,

IETF, ETSI, IEEE, ITU

WP5/T5.2 • 85 contributions to SDOs: 38 to 3GPP, 20 to IETF/IRTF,

16 to IEEE, 1 to GSMA, and 10 to ETSI. Out of these 85,

43 have been adopted.

Organization of at

least 2 workshops

WP5/T5.1 • 21 organized events (e.g., workshops co-located with

renowned events, exploitation workshop) or co-

organized with other 5G PPP and Horizon 2020 projects.

• This includes industry-oriented events, such as the

5Growth Exploitation workshop

At least 2

demonstrations per

year, including one at

flagship event such

as MWC

WP5/T5.1 • 27 demonstrations at flagship events (incl. ACM

Mobicom, IEEE INFOCOM. Mobile World Congress),

including some best demo awards.

3.2. Explanation of the work carried per WP

3.2.1. WP1

This WP aims to revise and refine the technical and functional requirements initially defined per pilot,

based on Industry 4.0 cases (INNOVALIA and COMAU), Energy (EFACEC Energia) and Transportation

(EFACEC Engenharia e Sistemas). A definition of the different business models and their benefits, as

well as the overall effects on the various identified stakeholders was done. Besides, the methodology

to be used in the validation of the business models was identified and assessed.

A thoughtful study on the different economic streams and items that constitute each of the business

models was also carried out during in this work package. This helped to refine the different pilot’s

use cases from the perspective of the vertical, with special focus on their feasibility and profitability,

not only technical but also economical. The core capabilities enabled by the 5Growth project in each

pilot were studied and classified to assess which are to be prioritized from an end-user point of view.

Finally, building upon the work undergone throughout the rest of the project, a feasible, enhanced

Service Level Agreements (SLA) model was leveraged to complement the business analysis. This

provided the foundation for a properly defined and validated 5G business layer (OSS/BSS) model to

be applied over future advanced network services for vertical industries scenarios.

The WP is led by INNOVALIA and all WP1 partners contribute actively.

3.2.1.1. Task 1.1: Analysis of vertical industries’ requirements and business model definition

N/A. This task finalized in the first reporting period.


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3.2.1.2. Task 1.2: Techno-economic analysis and business model validation

This task has been led by TIM, supported by IDCC, TID, COMAU, EFACEC_S, EFACEC_E, INNOVALIA,

MIRANTIS, TELCA, and NKUA. The task is devoted to the Techno-economic analysis and business

model validation.

In this second period, the task has undertaken, in the first place, the reviewing and deepening of the

business models previously defined in task T1.1, to answer to the reviewers’ comments on the first

period progress review. In this sense, each of the partners representing one of the stakeholders

previously defined, has design its business model using the Osterwalder methodology (aka Business

Canvas Methodology), identifying the main blocks of the future exploitation options for the results

of the pilot.

Second, the techno-economic analysis that was reported in D1.2 has been refined, and aligned

among the four different pilots, in order to have a more coherent and understandable result.

Also, an additional step has been taken in this techno-economic analysis, splitting the benefits

identified among the main stakeholders in each pilot, in particular the vertical, network operators

and telecommunications manufacturers.

Some benefits not strictly related to the financial sector, have been identified, such as the reduction

of the environmental footprint due to the reduction of business trips thanks to new remote-control

capabilities of industrial equipment, the reduction of accidents in Industry 4.0 or, in the railways

vertical, in the level crossings.

All this work has been reported in the deliverable D1.3.

3.2.1.3. Task 1.3: SLA’s elicitation

This task is led by TID and requires the contributions from IDCC, TIM, ALB, COMAU, EFACEC_S,

EFACEC_E, INNOVALIA, TELCA, NKUA and SSSA.

The SLA elicitation and business layer modelling task was divided into four main blocks (Figure 2) to

split efforts and progress in a more efficient way: Discovery, Definition, Fulfilment and Adaptation.


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FIGURE 2. SLA'S ELICITATION PHASES

• In the Discovery block the interactions between the different stakeholders participating

in the 5Growth environment to discover their capabilities is discussed.

• In the Definition, the way these capabilities is transformed into SLAs is analysed.

• In the Fulfilment, the implementation and creation of a Data Model to transform core

KPIs to network KPIs as well as the enforcement of SLAs is studied.

• Finally, in the Adaptation block modifications such as scaling or new SLAs negotiation

are overseen.

Partners involved in the tasks have been grouped in 4 groups depending on their role in the pilots,

and each group has addressed one of the phases. In our weekly calls the work on these blocks is

discussed and aligned. Results will be reported in D1.3 to be delivered by the end of the project.

3.2.1.4. Deviations

There have been no deviations on the work of the WP

3.2.1.5. Corrective actions

No corrective actions have been needed for this WP.

3.2.2. WP2

WP2 is in charge of extending baseline 5G management platforms, with particular focus on that of

the 5G-TRANSFORMER project, to accomplish a series of technology innovations that satisfy 5Growth

use cases with unprecedented advantages in cost and network performance. WP2 completed its

activities in M24 (May 2021).


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The final design of the 5Growth platform is described in D2.3 [1]. For the sake of completeness, we

next briefly introduce its key components, shown in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3: 5GROWTH HIGH-LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

• The Vertical Slicer (VS or 5Gr-VS, as defined in the rest of the document to differentiate from

the old version of the Vertical Slicer developed in the context of the 5G-TRANSFORMER

project) is the front-end point for verticals demanding the provisioning and management of

vertical services via a simplified northbound interface with the vertical OSS/BSS. The 5Gr-VS

implements the functionalities for the management of vertical services and their mapping to

the end-to-end 5G network slices.

• The Service Orchestrator (SO or 5Gr-SO) handles both the network service and resource

orchestration capabilities of: (i) enabling end-to-end orchestration of NFV-Network Services

(NFV-NS) by mapping them across either a single or multiple administrative domains based

on service requirements and availability of the services/resources offered by each of the

domains; and (ii) managing their life-cycles (i.e., on-boarding, instantiation, update, scaling,

termination, etc.).

• The Resource Layer (RL or 5Gr-RL) is responsible for managing the local infrastructure

interacting with the underlying controllers (i.e., VIMs and WIMs). To this end, the 5Gr-RL

manages all the compute, storage, and networking (physical and virtual) resources where the

elements forming network slices and end-to-end services are accommodated.

• The Vertical-oriented Monitoring System (VoMS or 5Gr-VoMs) constitutes the monitoring

platform aiming to monitor heterogeneous set of services and technological domains. To do


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that, it offers required functionalities such as log aggregation, a scalable data distribution

system and dynamic probe reconfiguration.

• The AI/ML Platform (5Gr-AIMLP) is the entity that manages (i.e., deploys, configures and

trains) AI models relying on the data gathered from the VoMS. The 5Gr-AIMLP exposes a

catalogue of AI models, susceptible to be tuned/chained to come up with more complex

models, that are consumed by other components of the 5Growth stack for taking decisions

at different layers e.g., about service arbitration or service scaling.

• The Forecasting Functional Block (5Gr-FFB) aims at generating forecast values of parameters

monitored by the 5Gr-VoMS. These forecast values can be utilized by decision modules of

the platform to take a proactive approach in reacting to changing status. The 5Gr-FFB

interacts with the 5Gr-AIMLP (to request trained models to be utilized in forecasting tasks),

with the 5Gr-VoMS (to retrieve parameters to be forecast as well as to provide forecast data

to be used as input for other decisional elements like the 5Gr-SO), and with other main

functional elements of the 5Growth architecture, such as the 5Gr-SO.

A publicly available software implementation of the relevant 5Growth software components is

presented in [2] and references therein.

3.2.2.1. Task 2.1: 5G End to End Service Platform

This task supervised the design and development of the 5Growth End-to-End Service Platform, by

leveraging the 5G-TRANSFORMER architecture and its software implementation. CTTC is the task

leader, with contributions from UC3M, NEC, TEI, NBL, TID, ALB, MIRANTIS, NXW, TELCA, NKUA,

POLITO and SSSA. The execution of this task was carried out via weekly calls and with dedicated slots

in the plenary meetings organized until the end of the WP2 timeline.

During this second reporting period, T2.1 ensured the successful completion of the release plan

presented during the first reporting period, which included (i) design and develop those innovations

that were not addressed during the first reporting period, and (ii) design and develop the second

and final version of those core innovations that were introduce during the first reporting period. In

total, 12 innovations were designed:

TABLE 16: WP2 INNOVATIONS

Cluster Category Innovation

Arc

hit

ectu

re Vertical support

I1: RAN segment in network slices

I2: Vertical-service monitoring

Monitoring orchestration I3: Monitoring orchestration

Control and management I4: Control-loops stability

I5: AI/ML support

E2E orchestration I6: Federation and inter-domain

I7: Next Generation RAN

Alg

ori

t

hm

s

Smart orchestration and resource

control algorithms

I8: Smart orchestration and resource control

algorithms

Anomaly detection I9: Anomaly detection


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Forecasting and inference I10: Forecasting and inference Fra

mew

ork

Security and auditability I11: Security and auditability

5Growth CI/CD and containerization I12: 5Growth CI/CD and containerization

A major responsibility of this task was to ensure that the work done across all the innovations

developed within WP2 fill all the gaps (features) identified during the first reporting period, which

was successfully accomplished as summarised Table 17.

TABLE 17: MAPPING BETWEEN PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS (GAPS) AND SELECTED INNOVATIONS

Feature (gap) I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12

Enhanced VS network

slice sharing

X X

VS arbitration at

runtime

X X X X X

VS layer federation X

VS dynamic service

composition

X X X

SO automatic network

service management

X X X X X X X X

SO self-adaptation

actions

X X X X X X X

SO dynamic monitoring

orchestration

X X X X

SO geo-location

dependent federation

X X

RL PNF integration X X

RL geo-specific

resources

X

RAN support X X X

Integral security X

Continuous

development and

integration

X

Additional activities performed within T2.1 were the design and implementation of Innovation 5

(AI/ML support), Innovation 6 (Federation and interdomain), and Innovation 7 (Next-Generation

RAN).

I5: AI/ML Support

The 5Growth AIML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) Platform (5Gr-AIMLP) enables the

exploitation of AI/ML models for the various decision-making processes necessary in a 5G


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management and orchestration stack, and is in charge of the ML model lifecycle management

(including ML model uploading, catalogue building, and ML model training).

The models can be uploaded to the 5Gr-AIMLP by any authorized external user. Such models can be

already trained and onboarded to then perform inference, or they can be untrained models.

In the latter case, if no dataset is uploaded along with the untrained model, the 5Gr-AIMLP can

exploit the data collected through the 5Gr-VoMS platform about network/computing resource

utilization, or performance. The configuration of the monitoring platform to gather the monitored

data, its aggregation through Kafka and Spark Streaming, and their feeding as input for real-time

model execution in the corresponding 5Growth building block also need to be properly set up.

Models stored in the 5Gr-AIMLP can be accessed by any entity in the 5Growth architecture through

a REST interface.

FIGURE 4: 5GR-AIMLP REPRESENTATION

The 5Gr-AIMLP has been implemented by developing the following components:

• External User Interface, i.e., a Graphical User Interface (GUI) through which users can upload

the ML models, and the related datasets and inference classes;

• Model Registry, which records the models uploaded to the platform, their metadata, and

pointers to the stored models and associated files;

• Lifecycle Manager, which is in charge of the model’s lifecycle;

• Interface Manager, i.e., a REST API that processes the ML model requests coming from the

architectural stack and forwards them to the proper block inside the computing cluster.

• Computing cluster, implemented through Apache Hadoop and leveraging Yet-Another-

Resource-Negotiator (YARN) for the computing resources management, and the Hadoop

Distributed File System (HDFS) for the storage of datasets and models. The YARN cluster

nodes have access to different AI/ML frameworks, according to the requested model type,

namely, Spark, BigDL, and Ray.

A graphical representation of the 5Gr-AIMLP is presented in Figure 4.


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I6: Federation and Inter-domain

5Growth service providers are able to extend their offering by aggregating the service catalogue and

resources from other peering providers through federation and inter-domain support. There are

different types of services that can be handled, namely communication services, network slices, and

NFV network services. The communication services and network slices are handled between 5Gr-VSs

of two domains. The NFV network services are handled between peering service orchestrators. As for

resource federation, it is handled at the service layer (between peering service orchestrators). The

diversity of services and technologies leads to new stakeholders and dynamic scenarios where the

cooperation requires more rapid interaction. In this context, novel concepts such as Distributed

Leger Technology (DLT)-based federation has the potential to bridge the gap and satisfy the

emerging requirements. Figure 5 depicts the three architecture building blocks of 5Growth (5Gr-VS,

5Gr-SO, 5Gr-RL) that are involved in federation/multi-domain relations are shown. On the left-side

is illustrated a consumer domain, while on the right side, a provider domain. Several options, as

described in the figure were designed during this reporting period.

FIGURE 5: FEDERATION/MULTI-DOMAIN ARCHITECTURE

I7: Next-Generation RAN

During this reporting period, T2.1 invested effort in integration the O-RAN architecture functional

components and interfaces into the 5Growth platform.


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FIGURE 6: INTEGRATION OF O-RAN INTO 5GROWTH ARCHITECTURE

Figure 6 presents the conceptual integration of O-RAN services and interfaces into 5Growth

architecture. Specifically, the Non-RT RIC services are distributed across the 5Gr-VS, 5Gr-SO, and

the 5Gr-RL:

• The 5Gr-VS host rApps specifically in charge of business and vertical service related tasks,

such as devising RAN coverage area parameters. In order to do so, the rApps will leverage

QoS parameters established for the vertical service, slice service type associated with the

service and the other specific instantiation constraints, such as the desired coverage area of

the service.

• The 5Gr-SO hosts most of the services of the non-RT RIC, including the non-RT RIC framework

and the rApps in charge of RAN service and resource related tasks. It also hosts some O2

services to interact with the VNFM in the O-Cloud.

• The 5Gr-RL only hosts the O1 termination endpoint between the Non-RT RIC and the

respective managed elements.

3.2.2.2. Task 2.2: Enhanced and automated vertical support

Task 2.2 was led by NXW and supported by UC3M, NEC, NBL, TIM, TID, ALB, MIRANTIS, TELCA, CTTC,

IT, NKUA, POLITO and SSSA. During the second reporting period, the activities within T2.2

contributed to the delivery of the final design and implementation of two key innovations.


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I1: RAN segments in network slices

A first version of this innovation was already presented during the first reporting period. The 5Gr-VS,

5Gr-SO and 5Gr-RL information models and interfaces have been updated in order to support the

definition of the vertical service RAN characteristics and the allocation and configuration as part of

the vertical service deployment.

At the 5Gr-VS level, the support of RAN slices required updating the information models of the

Vertical Service Blueprints (VSBs) and Vertical Service Descriptors (VSDs) in order to let the 5Gr-VS

determine mobile traffic category of the vertical service and to allow the vertical to customize the

specific value required for each traffic characteristic. During the vertical service deployment, the 5Gr-

VS computes the final list of mobile traffic characteristics based on the VSB, VSD information, and

the translation rules. This information is included in the NFV-NS Instantiation request which is sent

to the 5Gr-SO as part of the service access point (SAP) data (sapData), associated to the SAP

accessible from the RAN (using an updated VS-SO interface). This innovation also required the

support Physical Network Function Descriptors (PNFDs) onboarding, in order to include the mobile

infrastructure equipment as part of the NFV-NS definition.

Concerning the 5Gr-SO, the support of RAN segments in network slices implied several changes to

include the management of PNFs enabling the match of the requests of the 5Gr-VS at the NBI with

the abstracted resource representation (e.g., list of supported PNF and RAN capabilities of available

NFVI-PoP) provided by the 5Gr-RL at the SBI.

At the 5Gr-RL, the main issue was that radio resources could not be virtual but formed by physical

devices that have some firmware already up and running. Following ETSI MANO specifications, such

devices require the handling of a new type of network function called Physical Network Function

(PNF). In addition to that, RAN network slicing required the application of radio specific commands

to radio devices. PNF support led to introduce extensions in 5Gr-RL in the abstraction of the radio

physical resources and the management of resources for radio VNF/PNF. The application of radio

specific commands for network slice configuration required the handling of a new type of

information through the radio Management Function (MF).

I9: Security and auditability

The tighter integration of business verticals into network operations, as in the 5G Vertical Slicing use-

cases, raises significant security, trustworthiness, and reliability issues. A single business vertical must

not compromise the integrity of the platform that powers all other verticals. Similarly, the vertical

applications that are entrusted to the platform should not be compromised by external parties. The

use of standardized protocols, and the reuse of similar software solutions, substantially lowers the

cost of an attack. One vulnerability within a component of this stack now covers a broader range of

potential targets.

To achieve a successful attack and exploitation of a target, the attacker must first do a reconnaissance

of the virtual surroundings, identifying the objectives, along with the vulnerabilities of each service

that may lead to its goal. Security vulnerabilities are mostly a particular kind of software bug, and

bugs tend to be revealed over time. Therefore, time is on the attackers' side to find and exploit a


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vulnerability, while network function maintainers have time playing against their security designs;

this effect of time is known in the Mobile Threat Defense (MTD) field as the asymmetric relationship

between attackers and defenders.

A major effort during the second reporting period was to enhance the 5Gr-VS and related interfaces

with MTD features. The core principle of MTD is to identify the available network configuration space

and dynamically explore it (i.e., create movement) to frustrate the attackers' endeavours. Provided

the attacker does not know the secret that creates the movement, the MTD mechanism will break

the attacker's connectivity to the service or forge data (or interactions) so that the attacker acts upon

faulty intelligence. Our solution is inspired by the HMAC-based authentication methods already

widely deployed by other network services. On the one hand, those HMAC-based authentication

methods do not replace the existing account authentication mechanisms but complement them with

an extra factor. The MTD approach has similar nature, adding an extra factor to the existing defense

mechanisms (e.g., firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), or Intrusion Protection Systems

(IPSs)). On the other hand, the HMAC-based authentication methods in other network services

already established practices that deal with peer synchronization, peer management, and key

management issues. Our mechanism uses a slightly adapted authentication function to mutate the

service ports, maintaining the familiarity and proofs of a widely known solution.

3.2.2.3. Task 2.3: Telemetry monitoring, analytics and orchestration

This task was led by MIRANTIS, with contributions from UC3M, NEC, TIM, TID, COMAU, NXW, CTTC,

NKUA and SSSA.

The main work carried out during the second reporting period involved the final design and

implementation of the Vertical-oriented Monitoring System (VoMS) in the context of Innovation 2,

and the design of Innovation 3 (Monitoring Orchestration). In addition, effort within this task was

placed to support T2.1 and T2.4 to design algorithmic solutions and the 5Gr-AIMLP.

The 5Gr-VoMS Release 1 (released at M12 and described in D2.2) was dynamically exporter

(monitoring probe) installation oriented. The 5Gr-VoMS Release 2 (developed during this second

reporting period) implements additional features such as gathering application metrics and

collecting logs from VNFs.

Concerning Innovation 3, this innovation provides automation capabilities to the 5Gr-VoMS,

achieving the integration of features related to the full control of the lifecycle of the monitor

functions instances that compose the Monitoring Platform, among other capabilities that will be

reviewed in this section. The extraction of monitoring information from vertical service is critical for

the training and execution of the AI/ML based algorithms used in the control-loops, and this

innovation enables to install on-demand the agents and probes which enable this extraction.

Moreover, it allows to modify the metrics extracted from the vertical service over time, in order to

use every time more evolved control-loops algorithms.

The final version of the 5Gr-VoMS architecture is described in Figure 7.


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FIGURE 7: VERTICAL-ORIENTED MONITORING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The 5Gr-SO interacts with the 5Gr-VoMS through the Monitoring Manager and the SLA Manager,

which are part of the 5Gr-SO. The Monitoring Manager is the component in the 5Gr-SO translating

requests for high-level monitoring jobs referred to NFV service instances into low-level requests

related to the monitoring of resource-level parameters, describing which exact data should be

collected by the 5Gr-VoMS.

The SLA Manager deals with SLA assurance. This component is keeping track of monitoring

parameters like KPIs or real-time measurements mirroring the load of the resources. This allows

indicating potential SLA breaches or anomalous behaviour that may lead to system under-

performance. The SLA Manager interacts with the 5Gr-VoMS following a subscription-notification

paradigm, to promptly react to any alert associated with the target monitoring data. In particular,

the SLA Manager subscribes with the Config Manager, registering monitoring parameter queries


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(which may include arbitrarily complex expressions on many different time series) and threshold

values for notifications. Such subscription is translated into the appropriate configuration of the

Prometheus Alert Manager or ElastAlert so that whenever the given threshold is passed, a notification

is sent to the SLA Manager, which will then trigger the needed reactions at the 5Gr-SO.

The 5Gr-VoMS is responsible for the next functionalities of the 5Growth stack:

• VNF logs and metrics collection;

• holding metrics and logs;

• tracking metrics and logs;

• providing metrics and logs to other systems (AI/ML platform, forecasting functional block,

etc.);

• checking if the metrics data is corresponding to KPIs thresholds.

3.2.2.4. Task 2.4: Closed-loop automation, SLA modeling and control for vertical service.

Task 2.4 was led by NBL, with contributions from UC3M, NEC, TID, COMAU, MIRANTIS, NXW, TELCA,

CTTC, NKUA, POLITO and SSSA.

During this period, T2.4 finalized Innovation 4 (Control-loops stability) and a number of revised and

new algorithms covering Innovations 8 (smart orchestration and resource control), 9 (anomaly

detection), and 10 (forecasting and inference).

I4: Control-loops stability

This innovation introduced methods to performing automated close-loop process handling: (i) the

automated update of arbitration policies at the vertical slicer (5Gr-VS) level for automated slicing

optimization; (ii) and the automated scaling of network services at the service orchestrator (5Gr-SO)

level; leveraging on the AI services provided by the 5Gr-AIMLP developed in Innovation 5. The

integration of AI features into the 5Growth architecture follows the O-RAN architectural concepts

where there is a split between training and model execution. Specifically, the 5Gr-AIMLP performs

the model training and provides trained-model to other building blocks of the 5Gr architecture,

which performs the inference.

I8: Smart orchestration and resource control algorithms

Three groups of algorithmic solutions were developed during the second reporting period (some

of which began its work during the first period):

1) 4x Smart orchestrations:

a. Genetic Algorithm based SFC placement

b. VNF Autoscaling

c. AI-driven scaling of C-V2N Services

d. Slice sharing at the 5Gr-VS

2) 2x resource abstraction and allocation

a. 5Gr-SO – 5Gr-RL: Resource abstraction and allocation algorithms

b. Performance isolation to support network slicing


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3) A Dynamic Profiling Mechanism (DPM)

I9: Anomaly detection

An anomaly detection framework was designed during this reporting period. The proposed

framework comprises three main phases which are illustrated in Figure 8. The first phase involves the

pre-processing of the input data, along with the feature extraction step. Table 18 illustrates the

features of the training dataset. It should be noted that the pre-processing of the features includes

a min-max normalization, transforming every value in the [0,1] interval, so that each feature

contributes in a proportional manner to the ML models that will be applied.

FIGURE 8: ANOMALY DETECTION ALGORITHMIC FRAMEWORK

TABLE 18: NETWORK KPIS USED AS FEATURES FOR THE TRAINING SET

Feature Name Description

lost_packet # of lost packets, per service per user

ul_delay Uplink delay (ms)

dl_delay Downlink delay (ms)

rsrp RSRP (dB)

transfer_protocol TCP or UDP encapsulated [0,1]

ulrx_cell UE bytes received from the cell

The next phase concerns the exploitation of a clustering method using an unsupervised machine

learning clustering model, where outliers and abnormal patterns of the time series are grouped

together. The applied algorithm used for this step is Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering

(HDBSCAN), which is an extension to Density-Based Spatial Clustering (DBSCAN) by converting it

into a hierarchical clustering algorithm. HDBSCAN is a robust clustering approach for anomaly

detection in time series, which can capture, as well as predict, clusters of varying densities. The

number of clusters is determined beforehand and is based on how many severity levels a network

administrator targets, thus increasing the granularity of the prediction. Therefore, by adjusting the

epsilon value of the distance metric of the model, the number of clusters formed is also changed

(e.g., a large distance value generates two clusters [-1,1], which means that samples with assigned

cluster 1 are normal and -1 anomalies).

Finally, the last phase of the proposed framework includes a feed-forward Deep Neural Network

(DNN), which is exploited to perform a classification task, with the training dataset as input, along


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with each cluster as the Label/Target value for each sample, as assigned by the previous phase. More

specifically, the DNN model consists of 5 layers X→64→64→32→Y, where X is the number of features

in each sample and Y the number of clusters determined by the clustering algorithm (one-hot

encoded), Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, and categorical cross-entropy as a loss

function. The aforementioned classification scheme is then used to assign a cluster to new and

unseen data in real-time and hence predict potential system anomalies.

I10: Forecasting and Inference

The 5Growth Forecasting Functional Block (5Gr-FFB) is a functional block, introduced in the final

release of the platform, devoted to the computation of forecasting values for given metric(s) of a

Network Service. It behaves like a probe, which, consuming the current data related to the selected

metric(s), provides a forecasted data stream according to the used model.

The 5Gr-FFB has been designed to interact with other components of the 5Growth architecture, i.e.,

the 5Gr-SO, the 5Gr-VoMS and the 5Gr-AIMLP. It has been implemented in python, relying on

different standard libraries. In general, the 5Gr-FFB interacts with other 5Growth orchestration

modules:

1. 5Gr-SO: receiving as input all the data required, to activate a forecasting job. The input data

includes: the NS details, the metric(s) to be forecasted and the current metric(s) objecID(s).

2. 5Gr-AIMLP: to retrieve the model to be used for the forecasting. It can be a pre-trained model

(pre-uploaded) or it can be trained using current data.

3. 5Gr-VoMS: to gather the current monitored data, stored in Prometheus, and to enable

Prometheus jobs to poll forecasting data. In this perspective, the 5Gr-FFB is able to activate

ad-hoc scraper jobs, in order to enable the streaming of the current monitored data (serving

as input for the forecasting) on a specific topic in Kafka.

The 5Gr-FFB software architecture is shown in Figure 9.

FIGURE 9. 5GR-FFB HIGH LEVEL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE


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3.2.2.5. Deviations

The work package accomplished all its objectives in M24 as planned, with no deviations.


No corrective actions were needed.

3.2.3. WP3

WP3 takes care of implementing and deploying all 5Growth pilot sites, including software and

hardware components for all planned use cases, integrating and executing the vertical use cases over

the ICT-17 sites interworking with 5Growth platform.

WP3 is led by ERC and requires active contribution from all 5Growth partners (with the exception of

NKUA, which does not participate in WP3).

For the period from M19 to the end of the project, the remaining objectives were:

• to develop and publish the final release of the software for the integration of the 5Growth

platform with ICT-17 (5G-EVE and 5G-VINNI) platforms. This software was published on

Github and documented in D3.5 [3].

• to implement the infrastructure on the vertical facilities and deploy all the components

required for the execution of the use cases for each of the pilots within the project. The

outcome of this work is documented in D3.6 [4].

3.2.3.1. Task 3.1: ICT-17 facilities gap analysis

This task was fulfilled in full scope on M5, so there was no effort required during this second period.

3.2.3.2. Task 3.2: Platform implementation and deployment in ICT-17 and vertical premises

Task T3.2 focused on the actual deployment of the identified components required for the vertical

trials into ICT-17 platforms and vertical sites, which includes the 5Growth platform. This task included

the development and the integration of the software extensions for the interworking of the 5Growth

platform with the ICT-17 platforms, and the addition of the new modules developed within WP2 to

the platform.

The execution of this task was led by UC3M with key contributions from NEC, ERC, IDG, NBL, TEI, TID,

ALB, COMAU, EFACEC_S, EFACEC_E, INNOVALIA, MIRANTIS, NXW, TELCA, CTTC, IT, POLITO and SSSA.

During this period, the work performed targeted the correction of bugs of the software delivered in

the first release, the production of extra functionalities required for COMAU pilot and the addition

of the WP2 innovations to the platform.


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The final software artifacts regarding the 5Growth and ICT-17 integration are summarized in Table

19. They contain the processes (e.g., instantiation, termination…) needed for the E2E deployment of

vertical services. They are available in a public GitHub.

TABLE 19: 5GROWTH & ICT-17 PLATFORM SOFTWARE ARTIFACTS

5Growth Platform ICT-17 Platform

5Growth &

5G EVE

Integration

Generic 5Gr-VS level integration

approach 5G EVE IWL Catalogue Driver

5Gr-VS Driver for 5G EVE Portal API 5G EVE IWL Lifecycle Manager Driver

5Growth &

5G-VINNI

Integration

5Gr-VS driver for SONATA

HTTP REST server for SONATA

Transformation from JSON to YAML

SONATA client

Additionally, a plugin was developed in the 5Growth Resource Layer (5Gr-RL) to interact with the

RAN controller used in COMAU pilot. This enables that some RAN parameter values can be specified

in the Vertical Service Descriptors according to the needs of the service.

Finally, the new modules were incorporated to the 5Growth software stack base for potential future

use in the pilots.

3.2.3.3. Task 3.3: Integration with vertical systems and execution of the I4.0 INNOVALIA

Pilot

This task was devoted to the integration and execution of the I4.0 INNOVALIA Pilot. The execution

of this task was led by ERC and demanded active contributions from NEC, IDG, NBL, TID, INNOVALIA,

MIRANTIS, NXW, TELCA and CTTC. During this period, the 5Tonic lab was available and was used for

setting up and validation of INNOVALIA pilot UC2; the implementation of the infrastructure and the

deployment of the components was done on the vertical premises at Bilbao corresponding to the

phase II deployment detailed in D3.2 and D3.4; and both use cases within the pilot were set up and

experimented on a real-life industrial environment.

The 5G network was installed at vertical facilities, as Figure 10 illustrates:


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FIGURE 10: ANTENNAS AT INNOVALIA FACTORY

The 5Growth stack was deployed on servers at vertical premises to allow the applications to run on

the edge of the network thus keeping the latency low. Additionally, the VPN between INNOVALIA

site and 5Tonic lab was implemented to use the 5G core and the 5G-EVE platform located at 5TONIC.

The use case devices, such as the 3D-scanner and the AGV, were carried to the facilities as well (see

Figure 11), so the experiments could be run at the factory.

FIGURE 11: EXPERIMENTATION AT INNOVALIA PREMISES


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The WP2 innovations implemented for testing within this pilot were I6 “End-to-End Orchestration:

Federation and Inter-domain” and I8 “Performance isolation approach on network slicing to retain

bandwidth and delay guarantee”.

In addition to the work performed in Bilbao, Interdigital (IDCC) deployed and experimented the “End-

to-end immersive robotic telepresence over 5G network” PoC on the 5G-VINNI facilities based in UK.

This was needed to be able to make progress locally in the validation of the telepresence solution,

as there were international travel bans and other limitations imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. The

solution integrates the end devices, an image recognition application running on the network edge

and a telemetry framework for metrics collection.

3.2.3.4. Task 3.4: Integration with vertical systems and execution of I4.0 COMAU Pilot

This task was devoted to the integration and execution of the I4.0 COMAU Pilot. The execution of

this task was led by TEI and demanded active contributions by IDG, TIM, COMAU, MIRANTIS, NXW,

CTTC, POLITO and SSSA. Since M19 to the end of the project, the partners focused on integrating all

the components distributed among different premises to interwork with the previously implemented

5G network and deployed components at COMAU premises; they have further experimented with

the use cases; and they have implemented and tested WP2 innovations.

A first TIM lab which hosted the 5Growth platform and the COMAU IIoT application, and a second

TIM lab which hosted the 5G-EVE platform were integrated. They connected between them and to

the COMAU experimental area through VPNs. Moreover, the Ericsson and Polito labs were also

connected to the other labs for remote configuration and support purposes. This architecture is

depicted in Figure 12.

FIGURE 12: SITES IN COMAU PILOT


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With the aforementioned distribution, the applications needed for the use cases are deployed on the

network edge, their lifecycle is handled by the 5Growth platform, and they get extra functionalities

from the 5G-EVE platform. In Figure 13 below it is shown the experimental area at COMAU.

FIGURE 13: EXPERIMENTATION AT COMAU FACILITIES

The WP2 innovations implemented for testing within this pilot were I1 “Support of Verticals: RAN

segments in network slices”, I2 “Support of Verticals: Vertical Service Monitoring”, I3 “Monitoring

Orchestration” and I6 “End-to-End Orchestration: Federation and Inter-domain”.

3.2.3.5. Task 3.5: Integration with vertical systems and execution of Transportation

EFACEC_S Pilot

This task was devoted to the integration and execution of the Transportation EFACEC_S Pilot. The

execution of this task was led by ALB and demanded active contributions by EFACEC_S, MIRANTIS,

NXW, CTTC, IT and SSSA. Since M19, the activities mainly aimed at the implementation of a complete

5G network at Aveiro Harbor, getting connectivity with 5Growth and 5G-VINNI platforms, and the

experimentation of the use cases in a real-life environment.

To this end, all the activities of analysis, design and implementation of the 5G network were

performed, leading to a functional 5G network on site. The antenna (see in the Figure 14 below) was

installed on top of a water tower to provide coverage over the desired train level-crossing area.


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FIGURE 14: ANTENNA AT AVEIRO HARBOR

Concerning the experimentation, the required devices were installed to allow the use cases testing,

as it is evidenced in Figure 15.

FIGURE 15: TRAIN DETECTOR AND EQUIPMENT

The WP2 innovations implemented for testing in the pilot were I6 “End-to-End Orchestration:

Federation and Inter-domain” and I11 “Security and auditability”.

3.2.3.6. Task 3.6: Integration with vertical systems and execution of Energy EFACEC_E Pilot

This task was devoted to the integration and execution of the Energy EFACEC_E Pilot. The execution

of this task was led by ALB and demanded active contributions from EFACEC_E, MIRANTIS, NXW,

CTTC and IT. During this period, the work performed focused on the set up of the use cases using

the 5G SA network at Aveiro University (in Secondary Substation and IT buildings), leveraging on

5Growth and 5G-VINNI platforms, and the experimentation of the use cases in a real-life

environment.


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The 5G and vertical components were moved to the Secondary Substation at Aveiro University, as

planned. Figure 16 below shows their final location. The end user devices got connectivity to the

control centre through the 5G network.

FIGURE 16: 5G CPE AND RU AT SECONDARY SUBSTATION

Then, the experimentation of the use cases was performed, being supervised remotely from the

control centre. See as an example the control centre operator graphical interface in the following

Figure 17.

FIGURE 17: EXPERIMENTATION AT AVEIRO UNIVERSITY

The WP2 innovations implemented for testing in the pilot were I6 “End-to-End Orchestration:

Federation and Inter-domain” and I11 “Security and auditability”.


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3.2.3.7. Deviations

The work package accomplished all its objectives in M30 with no deviations, as planned after the

extension implemented after the first technical review. This was in line with the 3-month delay

forecasted in D6.2 due to the restrictions and limitations imposed by the COVID-19 crisis (the

mobility restrictions hindered the mandatory on-site work). In particular, T3.2 was completed on full

scope in M24, as originally planned, because the work mostly concerned software development,

which does not require on site physical presence. Tasks T3.3 to T3.6 were originally planned to end

in M27 but extended to M30 to be completed on full scope, impacted by the difficulties for working

on-site.


WP3 partners sticked to the mitigation plan defined from the very start of the COVID-19 pandemic,

prioritizing the software development and online activities, and coordinating very well to minimize

the on-site visits down to the essential. Furthermore, an extra effort was done to get aligned with the

other WPs, especially with WP4 not to incur in additional delays.

With this approach, even though WP3 could not revert the delay caused by the COVID-19 outbreak

because the recommendation during the full period was to avoid physical contact, the work was

completed with no further delays than the already predicted 3 months anticipated in D6.2.

3.2.4. WP4

WP4 main objective was to evaluate core (network) and service (application) KPIs through the

5Growth field trials, validating the applicability of 5G technologies to the different use cases

considered by the project pilots. These did not only include the execution of the different verification

campaigns, but also the definition of the measurement and testing methodologies applied in the

campaigns. WP4 was committed to provide a detailed description of these methodologies and a

series of tools to enable the automation of the verification procedures, the processing of the

measurement data and the reproducibility of the verification results. This way, WP4 was focused not

only on performing pilot verification, but also on doing so in a systematic way. The latter guaranteed

scientific (engineering) quality and contributed to make these findings and tools for their application

elsewhere.

The work in WP4 was aligned with WP2 and WP3 activities, addressing three innovate-deploy-

validate cycles during the project lifetime. WP4 applied the appropriate releases produced by WP3,

incorporating specific modules produced in WP2, and selecting the applicable experimental

environment for the corresponding cycle, comprising:

1. Data sources and consumers, including the metadata for them.

2. External tools to be applied, available through the project tool catalogue.

3. Specific measurement methods, documented in the deliverables.


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Pilot use cases were validated in the context of the successive releases of the experimental

environments, and reported in the associated deliverable, including the environment characteristics

and the outcome of the verifications run during the period.

The verification methodology and associated tooling provide the common substrate to the execution

of verification campaigns, working to:

1. Enhance the quality of verification campaigns.

2. Guarantee repeatability and reproducibility as essential features of experimental reports.

3. Contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms to aggregate and process telemetry

data for data-enabled network management.

Validation campaigns were intended to collect evidence about the fulfilment of the core 5G and

service KPIs in the contexts of the different pilots, analysing the collected data and producing reports

to verify the applicability of 5G technologies in the associated scenarios. Ultimately, the validation

campaigns had the scope of assessing the fulfilment of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) starting

from the Service KPIs, which are high-level abstractions of the business requirements (not directly

measurable) and directing the validation towards the related Core KPIs (e.g., latency, throughput,

availability, etc.). The Core KPIs were measured by either specific test setups or alternative

methodologies.

During the reported period, the two last validations campaigns were executed, after the initial one,

used to validate the planned experimental and measurement configurations. The first campaign,

reported in D4.3, was executed at the ICT-17 facilities in use by the project, allowing the team to

refine the initially verified tools and methodologies, and to exercise the relevant KPIs in a controlled

experimental environment that reflects final deployment. The second campaign, reported in D4.4,

included experiment deployments at the participating vertical sites and their integration with the

ICT-17 facilities, providing this way sound evidence of KPI fulfilment in close-to-real operational

conditions. Besides this, an analysis of the application of specific innovations was performed as well

under these conditions.

3.2.4.1. Task 4.1: Service KPI identification and core KPI characterization

Though this task was not active during the reported period, the experience during the two reported

validation campaigns allowed for a refinement of some of the validation methods applicable to the

different use cases, reported in the corresponding sections of D4.3 and D4.4

3.2.4.2. Task 4.2: Verification methodology and tooling

Task T4.2 was in charge of methodologies and tools applied for performing measurements and in

processing, integrating, and making available the produced data for further applications. Task 4.2

provided the common substrate to the execution of verification campaigns, working to enhance their

quality, guarantee repeatability and reproducibility as essential features of experimental reports, and


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contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms to aggregate and process telemetry data

for data-enabled network management.

This task was led by TID, with UC3M, IDG, NBL, ALB, COMAU, EFACEC_S, EFACEC_E, INNOVALIA,

MIRANTIS, NXW, TELCA, CTTC, NKUA and SSSA as contributors. The work of this task was reported

in D4.3 and D4.4, describing:

1. The evolution of the data infrastructure. The data infrastructure can deliver aggregated data for

further analysis. The Semantic Data Aggregator (SDA) is the monitoring framework that the data

infrastructure builds upon, and a final release of the SDA has been produced, addressing the

evolution of the architecture, the addition of new features, and the integration of data consumers.

The SDA moved towards a microservice-based architecture where a combination of lightweight

pieces of software provides the framework’s features. This approach allows for the developers to

implement the business logic at their own pace.

FIGURE 18: MICROSERVICE-BASED ARCHITECTURE OF THE SDA

2. The enhancements on the measurement tools developed and/or applied within the project,

including the development of three additional tools for the KPI evaluation: a Log Management

Tool for service orchestration, fully integrated with the data infrastructure via the 5Growth

Monitoring Interface, a Passive Network Interface Probe, designed to report average throughput

measures towards the data infrastructure, and in-band network telemetry modules to be

deployed on programmable network forwarding elements based on P4.


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FIGURE 19: GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE FOR 5GROWTH LOG PARSER

3. The definition of experiments descriptors, a formal model for experiment definition intended to

guarantee reproducibility (across different laboratory environments) and repeatability (under

controlled variations of the experimental conditions) of experimental results. These descriptors

provide a common template, which includes elements to describe the service deployment in the

target testing environment, the metrics to be collected and the mechanisms and criteria to

compute, elaborate, and evaluate the KPIs during the Pilots validation campaigns. An information

model, based on an evolution of the Experiment Blueprints defined in the 5G EVE project, has

been produced, as shown below.

4. The integration of these descriptors within an experiment catalogue, able to support formal

referencing of experimental results. The 5Growth experiment catalogue is available online, next

to the source repositories of the platform, at the following URL: https://github.com/5growth/5gr-

pilots. This repository contains all experiment descriptors, grouped by pilots and then use-cases.




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FIGURE 20: 5GROWTH EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTOR INFORMATION ELEMENTS AND MODELS

3.2.4.3. Tasks 4.3 to 4.6: Verification and validation campaigns for the different pilots

The second verification campaign, as reported in D4.3, allowed to refine the identification of and

considerations on the metrics and technical requirements relevant for each of the four pilots, along

with the measurement methodology therein, and to perform the integration of monitoring and other

tools from ICT-17 platforms and 5Growth.

The final validation campaign, as reported in D4.4, was performed integration the ICT-17 and vertical

sites and platforms applicable to each use case, addressing the constraints imposed by such close-

to-real operational conditions. A subset of the innovations developed within WP2 were integrated

for each operational environment and validated through measurement.

In conclusion, the outcome of the verification and validation campaigns per each pilot include

• For the INNOVALIA pilot (Task 4.3, involving UC3M, INNO, NEC, ERC, IDCC, NBL and CTTC):

o Two Use Cases fully integrated in vertical premises at Bilbao, including the full 5Growth

platform, and leveraging on the 5G-EVE platform and infrastructure located at Madrid.

o Vertical applications have been virtualized to work decoupled from the hardware and to

allow dynamic orchestration and flexibility to work on different infrastructure setups.

o 5G technology has been experimented with two alternative deployment options and two

separate frequency bands.


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o Pilot (“5Growth: Industry 4.0 Remote Operation of Metrology Machinery over 5G”)

selected among the top ten of the 5GPPP Infrastructure Trials and Pilots brochure No. 3

in 2021.

• For the COMAU pilot (Task 4.4, involving TEI, COMAU, NXW, CTTC and SSSA):

o Three Use Cases fully integrated in vertical and operator premises, including the transport

network and monitoring platform.

o KPI validated on the integrated 5G technologies (radio, transport, and cloud) with related

E2E orchestration and monitoring (on site and by remote via monitoring platform).

o Pilot (“5Growth - Industry 4.0: Low-latency on a shared Network”) selected among the

top ten of the 5GPPP Infrastructure Trials and Pilots brochure No. 2 in 2020.

o Pilot (“5Growth - E2E Transport-aware Orchestration”) selected among the top ten of the

5GPPP Infrastructure Trials and Pilots brochure No. 3 in 2021.

• For the EFACEC_S pilot (Task 4.5, involving EFACEC_S, ALB, MIRANTIS, NXW, CTTC, IT and SSSA):

o Two Use Cases fully integrated in vertical premises, including the monitoring platform.

o Business, functional, and technical validation as well as KPI validation on the integrated

5G technologies and monitoring (on site and by remote via monitoring platform).

o The 5G level crossing solution is incorporated in the EFACEC product roadmap.

o Good feedback from main stakeholders such as partners (for instance Frauscher) end-

users (for instance infrastructure owners – Administração do Porto de Aveiro/Aveiro

Harbour Administration) and private-operators (Medway -freight Operator).

• For the EFACEC_E pilot (Task 4.6, involving EFACEC_E, ALB, MIRANTIS, NXW, CTTC and IT):

o Two Use Cases fully integrated in vertical premises, including the monitoring platform.

o Business, functional, and technical validation as well as KPI validation on the integrated

5G technologies and monitoring (on site and by remote via monitoring platform).

o Important step ahead considering the development prototyping and PoC of next

generation of EFACEC’s products for the secondary distribution substation and the low

voltage distribution smart grid.

3.2.4.4. Deviations

Beyond the project extension requested due to the impact of the COVID-19 situation, the

deployment at the vertical sites brought additional logistics issues related to matters like permissions,

transport, and support staff availability, some of them related to the pandemic regulations and some

to other practical aspects. These circumstances caused delays in the availability of the final validation

environments and required the 15-day delay of the release of D4.4 (communicated and agreed with

the PO two months before the original submission date).


The team worked to meet the agreed new submission deadline of D4.4.


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3.2.5. WP5

As far as this project is concerned, and in accordance with common practice at the EU level [23][24],

Communication includes all the activities related with the promotion of the project and its results

beyond the project own community. This includes the interaction with other research projects (e.g.,

H2020 5G-PPP) as well as communication of its research in a way that is understood by the non-

specialist, e.g., the media and the public. Dissemination includes activities related with raising

awareness of its results in a technical community working on the same research field. In general, this

will be done through publications, and participation and organization of technical events. Finally,

exploitation (in accordance with the European IPR Helpdesk) covers activities aiming at using the

results in further research activities other than those covered by the project, or in developing,

creating and marketing a products or processes, or in creating and providing a service, or in

standardization activities.

Though a brief global overview is provided in the following paragraphs, the detailed work carried

out in WP5 is reflected in various sections throughout this document. Communication activities (i.e.,

the outcome of Task 5.1) are presented in this section, Dissemination activities (i.e., the outcome of

Task 5.2) are presented in Section 2, and Exploitation activities (including standardization) are

presented in Section 3.5, and are also an outcome of Task 5.2. Finally, Section 4 refers to D5.4 [25]

for an updated communication, dissemination, and exploitation plan (CoDEP) of 5Growth.

In accordance with the latest version of the communication, dissemination, and exploitation plan

(CoDEP) (see Figure 21), the first reporting period includes the Raise Awareness and part of the

Presentation of Results phases. The former is mainly devoted to publicizing the scope and approach

of 5Growth. This phase started with the preparation of communication material as well as the website

and social media and with the publication of multiple press release (project-wide and per-partner).

Therefore, Task 5.1 had an initial starring role. Consequently, various project partners presented the

project in various events, gave lectures on project-related topics, and prepared the website and social

media of the project (including videos of demonstrations and workshops). This allowed achieving

the workpackage milestone set for M3 (August 2019), which also included the preparation of

communication material, such as the leaflet and poster. During project start, there was a steady

increase of the web and social media impact, for instance, reaching peaks of around 90000 visits in

365 days, 4600+ views of Youtube videos, 780 Twitter followers, or 760 connections in LinkedIn.

Communication actions for society at large were also carried out. In fact, seven events targeting

general public were also organized.

Though dissemination actions were also undertaken during the initial period of the project,

dissemination and exploitation (Task 5.2) increased in importance during the remaining phases of

the CoDEP. A number of papers (47 in Journals and 34 in conferences/ workshops) were accepted in

top-tier international journals and conferences (e.g., IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, IEEE

Communications Magazine, IEEE Transactions on Network Service and Management, ACM Mobicom,

ACM Conext, IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE NFV-SDN, IFIP Networking, IEEE ICC, IEEE Globecom).


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Despite the COVID-19 impact, 21 events were organized, in some cases jointly with other 5GPPP

projects (e.g., 5G EVE, 5G-VINNI, 5G-Tours) and 5G-DIVE. Furthermore, other online and regular

events were organized by 5Growth (e.g., Layer123 5Growth webinar, workshop co-located with 5G

World Forum). Some of these events were co-located with renowned conferences, such as EUCNC’21

or IEEE CNSM’21. In addition to jointly organized events, the project regularly participated in 5G-PPP

working groups, and in the preparation of joint papers and white papers (e.g., editorship of the

MANO chapter of the 5GPPP architecture white paper version 4.0). Furthermore, the technical

manager of 5Growth was elected as vice-chair of the 5GPPP architecture working group. The project

also regularly participates in 5G-PPP COMMS group, an action aiming at joint dissemination strategy

of all 5G-PPP projects, hence 5Growth regularly exploits these joint channels. A remarkable

achievement in this respect is the selection of one of the 5Growth pilots to be included in the top 10

list of the 2nd ed. of the EC H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP - PPP T&Ps Brochure n°2 and two more pilots

included in the 3rd ed.

The project also carried out a total of 27 regular and online demonstrations in renowned conferences

(e.g., Mobicom, Mobihoc, OFC, INFOCOM) and in the 5G-PPP TB eWorkshop, as well as in other

online events organized by 5Growth, which were recognized with best demo awards. Furthermore,

multiple talks in several events were also given and multiple theses (Bachelor, Master and PhD)

were/are supervised by 5Growth researchers.

As for standardization, a standardization advisory committee (SAC) was specifically created to

coordinate the work, continuously refine the roadmap and maximize impact of 5Growth

standardization activities. As part of these roadmap, 85 contributions to various SDOs were

submitted: 20 to IETF/IRTF, 38 to 3GPP, and 10 to ETSI, and 16 to IEEE, and 1 to GSMA. Out of these,

43 were approved/adopted/accepted.


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FIGURE 21: 5GROWTH COMMUNICATION, DISSEMINATION, AND EXPLOITATION PLAN (CODEP)


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As mentioned above, the following subsection focuses on communication activities since

dissemination and exploitation are reported in Section 2 of this document.

3.2.5.1. Task 5.1: Communication activities

This section reports on the communication activities undertaken to publicize the objectives and

outcomes of 5Growth to an as wide as possible audience, with particular emphasis on actions

specifically targeting a non-technical audience. In particular, all 5Growth partners promote the

project to the general public at large, and many activities (e.g., social media and video post, press

releases and news release, communication articles published, etc.) were carried out, as presented in

the following subsections. In this sense, a long list of press releases was produced by various partners

(including operators, vendors, and academic partners) to publicize the project. Furthermore, project,

WP and task leaders generated the generic publicity material (posters/leaflet) and prepared the initial

content for the web. From then on, the content in the web is periodically updated according to the

information sent by partners in the CoDEP record, which are then moved to the website and other

social media channels. Various partners (e.g., CTTC, SSSA, EFACEC_S) participated in events for society

at large to explain the scope and potential impact of 5Growth. Several videos prepared by various

partners (e.g., UC3M, CTTC, NEC, ERC, COMAU, TEI, EFACEC_S) have also been uploaded to the

project YouTube channel. Furthermore, academic partners also produced lecture material for

graduate and undergraduate courses on topics related with 5Growth.

In this section, we report the achievements for the whole project related to communication activities.

Overall, the project overcame its targets as reported in Table 20 despite the COVID-19 pandemic.

TABLE 20: COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES ACHIEVEMENTS AND TARGETS

Type Achieved Target (per year)

Press Releases and News 36 2 (Press Releases) (per year)

Communications posters 1 1 (@M3) (overall)

Leaflet 3 1 (@M3) (overall)

Communications Presentations (Live) 7 1 (per year)

Communications Presentations (Videos) 20 None

Communications Articles 5 None

Lecture Materials 9 None

3.2.5.1.1. News and press releases

The first official project press release was issued on July 27, 2019, in Madrid, Spain. Additionally,

partners also released their own internal (company-wide) and external press releases. Project news

are available at: http://5growth.eu/blog/. Other relevant activities are publicized through the various

social media accounts of the project. A list of some of the news on 5Growth that have appeared,

either published by partners or as news in other websites are:

http://5growth.eu/blog/


H2020-856709

• http://ir.interdigital.com/file/Index?KeyFile=398573395

• https://www.5tonic.org/news/5tonic-selected-5growth-project-validate-advanced-5g-trials-

across-multiple-vertical-industries

• http://5growth.eu/2019/09/03/plenary-meeting-in-pisa/

• https://www.santannapisa.it/en/news/5g-infrastructure-and-telecommunication-systems-

santanna-school-partners-eu-project-test

• http://5growth.eu/2019/09/17/5growth-in-torino-italy/

• https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/UC3MInstitucional/es/Detalle/Comunicacion_C/13712779

97033/1371215537949/Europa_prepara_cuatro_pruebas_reales_del_5G_en_aplicaciones_ind

ustriales

• https://5growth.eu/svn/5growth/execution/WP5/T5.1_Communication_activities/Press%20R

eleases%20and%20news/191017_UC3M_PressRelease_EuropePrepares4Real5GtestIndustrial

_Spanish.docx

• http://5growth.eu/2019/10/16/europe-prepares-four-5g-pilots-in-industrial-applications/

• https://www.innovaspain.com/5growth-pone-a-prueba-la-tecnologia-5g-en-la-industrial-

espanola/

• http://5growth.eu/2019/11/18/510/

• https://www.layer123.com/articles/Layer123%20to%20host%20a%205Growth%20webinar%

20series%20on%205G%20use%20in%20industry

• http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/layer123-to-host-a-5growth-webinar-series-on-5g-use-in-

industry/

• http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/online-workshop-layer123-5growth-powering-5g-in-

industry-9-july-2020-10am-cet/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/10/08/%f0%9f%92%bbworkshop-5g-trials-in-europe-5g-

experimentation-facilities-and-vertical-trials/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/11/15/best-fast-track-paper-award-in-ieee-nfv-sdn-2020/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/11/26/beyond-5g-evolution-presentations-and-results/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/12/04/contributors-award-given-to-itavs-joao-fonseca/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/12/06/tb-eworkshop-december-2020/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/12/06/5growth-living-document-of-t1-2-continuation-of-the-

techno-economic-analysis-and-business-model-validation-methodology/

• https://5growth.eu/2020/12/17/the-5g-ppp-infrastructure-trials-and-pilots-brochure-n2-is-

out/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/03/02/5g-ppp-and-5g-ias-white-paper-edge-computing-for-5g-

networks/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/04/11/5growth-pilot-and-innovation-videos-available/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/esp-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-obtiene-el-

premio-madrid-a-la-participacion-en-europa-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/english-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-wins-the-

madrid-award-for-participation-in-europe-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/

http://ir.interdigital.com/file/Index?KeyFile=398573395

https://www.5tonic.org/news/5tonic-selected-5growth-project-validate-advanced-5g-trials-across-multiple-vertical-industries

https://www.5tonic.org/news/5tonic-selected-5growth-project-validate-advanced-5g-trials-across-multiple-vertical-industries

http://5growth.eu/2019/09/03/plenary-meeting-in-pisa/

https://www.santannapisa.it/en/news/5g-infrastructure-and-telecommunication-systems-santanna-school-partners-eu-project-test

https://www.santannapisa.it/en/news/5g-infrastructure-and-telecommunication-systems-santanna-school-partners-eu-project-test

http://5growth.eu/2019/09/17/5growth-in-torino-italy/

https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/UC3MInstitucional/es/Detalle/Comunicacion_C/1371277997033/1371215537949/Europa_prepara_cuatro_pruebas_reales_del_5G_en_aplicaciones_industriales



https://5growth.eu/svn/5growth/execution/WP5/T5.1_Communication_activities/Press%20Releases%20and%20news/191017_UC3M_PressRelease_EuropePrepares4Real5GtestIndustrial_Spanish.docx



http://5growth.eu/2019/10/16/europe-prepares-four-5g-pilots-in-industrial-applications/

https://www.innovaspain.com/5growth-pone-a-prueba-la-tecnologia-5g-en-la-industrial-espanola/

https://www.innovaspain.com/5growth-pone-a-prueba-la-tecnologia-5g-en-la-industrial-espanola/

http://5growth.eu/2019/11/18/510/

https://www.layer123.com/articles/Layer123%20to%20host%20a%205Growth%20webinar%20series%20on%205G%20use%20in%20industry

https://www.layer123.com/articles/Layer123%20to%20host%20a%205Growth%20webinar%20series%20on%205G%20use%20in%20industry

http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/layer123-to-host-a-5growth-webinar-series-on-5g-use-in-industry/

http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/layer123-to-host-a-5growth-webinar-series-on-5g-use-in-industry/

http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/online-workshop-layer123-5growth-powering-5g-in-industry-9-july-2020-10am-cet/

http://5growth.eu/2020/07/02/online-workshop-layer123-5growth-powering-5g-in-industry-9-july-2020-10am-cet/

https://5growth.eu/2020/10/08/%f0%9f%92%bbworkshop-5g-trials-in-europe-5g-experimentation-facilities-and-vertical-trials/

https://5growth.eu/2020/10/08/%f0%9f%92%bbworkshop-5g-trials-in-europe-5g-experimentation-facilities-and-vertical-trials/

https://5growth.eu/2020/11/15/best-fast-track-paper-award-in-ieee-nfv-sdn-2020/

https://5growth.eu/2020/11/26/beyond-5g-evolution-presentations-and-results/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/04/contributors-award-given-to-itavs-joao-fonseca/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/06/tb-eworkshop-december-2020/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/06/5growth-living-document-of-t1-2-continuation-of-the-techno-economic-analysis-and-business-model-validation-methodology/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/06/5growth-living-document-of-t1-2-continuation-of-the-techno-economic-analysis-and-business-model-validation-methodology/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/17/the-5g-ppp-infrastructure-trials-and-pilots-brochure-n2-is-out/

https://5growth.eu/2020/12/17/the-5g-ppp-infrastructure-trials-and-pilots-brochure-n2-is-out/

https://5growth.eu/2021/03/02/5g-ppp-and-5g-ias-white-paper-edge-computing-for-5g-networks/

https://5growth.eu/2021/03/02/5g-ppp-and-5g-ias-white-paper-edge-computing-for-5g-networks/

https://5growth.eu/2021/04/11/5growth-pilot-and-innovation-videos-available/

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/esp-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-obtiene-el-premio-madrid-a-la-participacion-en-europa-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/esp-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-obtiene-el-premio-madrid-a-la-participacion-en-europa-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/english-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-wins-the-madrid-award-for-participation-in-europe-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/10/english-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f-5growth-wins-the-madrid-award-for-participation-in-europe-%f0%9f%8e%96%ef%b8%8f/


H2020-856709

• https://www.corenect.eu/news/the-6g-white-paper-an-interview-with-carlos-jess-

bernardos-cano

• https://5growth.eu/2021/05/27/1278/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/05/28/contributions-adopted-by-the-ietf/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/06/08/vote-for-best-booth-award-at-eucnc-2021/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/06/09/5growth-demonstration-schedule-at-eucnc-2021/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/06/09/%f0%9f%97%a3-5g-ppp-phase-3-projects-brochure-

%f0%9f%93%84/

• https://www.it.pt/News/NewsPost/4695

• https://5growth.eu/2021/06/29/5growth-mwc-barcelona-2021/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/07/06/best-booth-award-at-eucnc-2021/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/07/13/1322/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/10/08/third-edition-of-the-5g-infrastructure-ppp-trials-and-

pilots-brochure/

• https://5growth.eu/2021/10/14/5growth-5g-dive-exploitation-workshop-29-october-2021-

experiences-from-field-trial-about-vertical-industry/

The following figures (Figure 22 and Figure 23) present the poster and leaflet of the 5Growth project.

https://www.corenect.eu/news/the-6g-white-paper-an-interview-with-carlos-jess-bernardos-cano

https://www.corenect.eu/news/the-6g-white-paper-an-interview-with-carlos-jess-bernardos-cano

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/27/1278/

https://5growth.eu/2021/05/28/contributions-adopted-by-the-ietf/

https://5growth.eu/2021/06/08/vote-for-best-booth-award-at-eucnc-2021/

https://5growth.eu/2021/06/09/5growth-demonstration-schedule-at-eucnc-2021/

https://5growth.eu/2021/06/09/%f0%9f%97%a3-5g-ppp-phase-3-projects-brochure-%f0%9f%93%84/

https://5growth.eu/2021/06/09/%f0%9f%97%a3-5g-ppp-phase-3-projects-brochure-%f0%9f%93%84/

https://www.it.pt/News/NewsPost/4695

https://5growth.eu/2021/06/29/5growth-mwc-barcelona-2021/

https://5growth.eu/2021/07/06/best-booth-award-at-eucnc-2021/

https://5growth.eu/2021/07/13/1322/

https://5growth.eu/2021/10/08/third-edition-of-the-5g-infrastructure-ppp-trials-and-pilots-brochure/

https://5growth.eu/2021/10/08/third-edition-of-the-5g-infrastructure-ppp-trials-and-pilots-brochure/

https://5growth.eu/2021/10/14/5growth-5g-dive-exploitation-workshop-29-october-2021-experiences-from-field-trial-about-vertical-industry/

https://5growth.eu/2021/10/14/5growth-5g-dive-exploitation-workshop-29-october-2021-experiences-from-field-trial-about-vertical-industry/


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FIGURE 22: 5GROWTH POSTER


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FIGURE 23: 5GROWTH LEAFLET


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3.2.5.1.2. Web, social media, and project communication material

The project website was established at the beginning of the project, and it is reachable at the

following URL: http://5growth.eu/. Among the various sections, one was introduced to specifically

target “Vertical Industries” (e.g., the External Vertical Industries Advisory Board). The landing page is

reported in Figure 24.

FIGURE 24: 5GROWTH WEBSITE LANDING PAGE

Statistics have been gathered for the website. It can be observed that, since the beginning of the

project (i.e., “last 365 days” statistics), peaks of up to 90000 visits have been achieved and stable

56000 visits after that.

Figure 25 shows the evolution of the cumulative web visits throughout the project lifetime.

http://5growth.eu/


H2020-856709

FIGURE 25: WEB PAGE VISIT STATISTICS (COUNTED FOR THE PREVIOUS 365 DAYS FROM THE REPORTED

MONTH).

In detail, as shown in Figure 26, the most popular subpages are the ones related to deliverables,

consortium, project, news, and publications in addition to the landing page, which is the most visited

page.

FIGURE 26: 5GROWTH WEBSITE MOST VISITED PAGES ON FEB. 23, 2022 FOR THE LATEST 365 DAYS

The project has been very active in other social media such as LinkedIn and Twitter. LinkedIn and

Twitter accounts are the following:

• LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/5growth-project

• Twitter: https://twitter.com/5growth_eu?lang=es

0

10000

20000

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40000

50000

60000

70000

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its

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https://www.linkedin.com/in/5growth-project/

https://twitter.com/5growth_eu?lang=es


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Figure 29 shows that the project had an increasing number of LinkedIn profile views since its

beginning, with a decrease towards its end (please, note that the February data are partial only).

However, the number of connections (i.e., a contact with whom you have a 1st-degree connection

to) substantially increased at the end of 2020 and continue a slight steady increase until its end to

reach 750+ connections, as shown in Figure 30.

FIGURE 27: 5GROWTH LINKEDIN PAGE

FIGURE 28: 5GROWTH TWITTER ACCOUNT


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FIGURE 29: LINKEDIN PROFILE VIEWS

FIGURE 30: LINKEDIN CONNECTIONS

In Twitter, the project reached a very high number of visits with a recent slight decrease as shown in

Figure 31. Despite such recent decrease, the project reached a total of 780 followers as shown in

Figure 28.

0

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150

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0100200300400500600700800900

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s

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FIGURE 31: TWITTER PROFILE VISITS

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the project’s Instagram account

(https://www.instagram.com/5growth_h2020/), shown in Figure 32, constantly increased its

followers, as shown in Figure 33. As for Instagram, the service recently changed its statistic collection

policy, thus the May 2021-Sep. 2021 statistics have been linearly interpolated with the previous and

next period.

FIGURE 32: 5GROWTH INSTAGRAM PAGE

0100200300400500600700

Sep

. 2019

No

v. 2019

Jan

. 2020

Mar.

2020

May. 2020

Jul.

2020

Sep

. 2020

No

v. 2020

Jan

. 2021

Mar.

2021

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Jul.

2021

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. 2021

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. 2021

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https://www.instagram.com/5growth_h2020/


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FIGURE 33: INSTAGRAM STATISTICS

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, WP5 decided to boost the utilization of its YouTube channel

(https://www.youtube.com/c/5Growth) for communications. The channel contains videos of the

different demonstrations conducted by the project, project overviews, pilot overviews, and events,

as shown in Figure 34.

The popularity of the channel was very high totalizing 4671 views, 223 hours of watch time, 139

subscribers and 26315 impressions. For more details, please, refer to Figure 35.

FIGURE 34: YOUTUBE CHANNEL

0

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200

250

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https://www.youtube.com/c/5GROWTH


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FIGURE 35: YOUTUBE STUDIO STATISTICS

Thus, overall video-related communication activities were very successful despite the COVID-19

pandemic, or precisely because of that.

The following tables list the uploaded videos:

TABLE 21: COMMUNICATION VIDEOS IN Y1

Title Location

Presentation of 5Growth in ICT-19 session @ EUCNC'19 Link

Introduction video to 5Growth Link

First meeting del 5Growth External Vertical Industries Advisory Board (EVIAB) Link


Title Location

5G end-to-end experimentation by verticals in EU projects Online Workshop Link

Online Workshop – Layer123/5Growth: Powering 5G in Industry Link

5Growth: 5G-enabled Growth in Vertical Industries Link

Demo: vrAIn Proof-of-Concept. A Deep Learning Approach for Virtualized RAN

Resource Control

Link

5G for Industry 4.0: COMAU pilot, Video Describing COMAU Pilot Link

Transportation Pilot during the Aveiro Tech Week Link

Second meeting del 5Growth External Vertical Industries Advisory Board (EVIAB) Link

ML-Driven Scaling of Digital Twin Service in 5Growth (short version) Link

Performance Isolation for 5G Network Slicing Link

ML-Driven Scaling of Digital Twin Service in 5Growth (detailed description - long

version)

Link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73tJLtfZfgg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPt5v9V52f4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uC0SN0F79g

https://youtu.be/YMn5WMIaEV8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsrpwH6zudM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6otrNNL_bY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1I8mcnHQcW8

https://youtu.be/tlyQBmRbNf0

https://youtu.be/IH5PIs6QbvI

https://youtu.be/7AioiT_qeGQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V3AKSrWzzY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSGHUBFuvYs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5GyrAD7h_Q


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Advanced Monitoring and Maintenance Support for the Secondary MV/LV Distribution

Substation

Link

COMAU Pilot. Digital Twin Apps Use Case Link

5Growth Interaction with ICT-17 Platforms Link

EFACEC_S pilot. 5G to Support Railway Signalling Operations Link

EFACEC_E pilot. Advanced Monitoring and Maintenance Support for the secondary

MV/LV distribution substation

Link

INNOVALIA Pilot. Connected Worker Remote Operation of Quality Equipment Link


Title Location

Hardening Interdomain Vertical Services with Moving Target Defense (MTD) Link

5Growth & 5G-DIVE Exploitation workshop: “Experiences from field trial about

vertical industry"

Link

3.2.5.1.3. Communication talks and other actions

Seven communication talks (Table 24) have been given since the project started as part of the CoDEP.

In this sense, the focus is on explaining the high-level goals, main building blocks, and verticals

involved, including the general technological framework of the project to the general public.

TABLE 24: COMMUNICATION TALKS

# Title Event

1 The 5Growth project Internet Festival, Oct. 10-13, Pisa, Italy

https://www.internetfestival.it/en/home

2 5G Networks: Why? What? How? 24th Science week, Nov 8-17, Castelldefels, Spain

http://www.cttc.cat/24th-science-week/

3 The 5Growth project

Aveiro TechDays. Dissemination of 5Growth project by

Aveiro Harbour, Aveiro, Portugal. October 2019.

http://ww2.portodeaveiro.pt/sartigo/index.php?x=7090

4 5G challenge (virtualization and edge

computing)

Demonstration to general public during Bright

researchers’ night 2019. Sep. 27-28, 2019, Pisa, Italy.

http://www.bright-toscana.it/bright/

5 5G Networks (and beyond) 25th Science week, Nov. 17, 2020, online


6 The 5Growth project

European Corner of the European Researchers' Night

in Catalunya. 2021.

https://lanitdelarecerca.cat/?s=5growth

7 South Summit

Moderating a session about ecosystem based

innovation, Oct., 6, 2021

https://www.southsummit.co/

Additionally, internal communication actions have also been undertaken inside the partner

organizations, through internal news and talks.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcLEF3T5nLg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY6ZH75agOk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CRYAwSlMZo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP7E_txgmzY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcLEF3T5nLg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBLm0l32iTQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTneJD2Kh1k

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTg6DA1DqRw

https://www.internetfestival.it/en/home


http://ww2.portodeaveiro.pt/sartigo/index.php?x=7090

http://www.bright-toscana.it/bright/


https://lanitdelarecerca.cat/?s=5growth

https://www.southsummit.co/


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Furthermore, five communication articles about the project were also published:

• “Projeto 5Growth valida comunicações avançadas de 5G,” in Power:on magazine (Efacec's

internal magazine) (in Portuguese).

• “Overview of 5Growth”, in European 5G Annual Journal 2020.

• “5Growth pilots.” European 5G Annual Journal 2021.

• “Project 5Growth.” EFACEC_S brief article on level crossing in Industria magazine num 126

(p.27) (in Portuguese).

• “¿Qué implica la llegada del 5G?” 5Growth is set as example of research project validating

different 5G use cases in real deployed pilots in Bilbao, Aveiro and Turin (in Spanish).

Finally, academic partners of the consortium prepared several courses on SDN/NFV-related topics

that are taught to graduate and undergraduate students, which benefit from the 5Growth work. A

preliminary list of the courses is presented in Table 25.

TABLE 25: LECTURES AND COURSES

# Title Host organization

1 Master in NFV and SDN for 5G networks UC3M Telematics Department Link

2 Advanced Communication Networks NKUA Dept. of Informatics and

Telecommunications Link

3 Intelligence at the Edge of 5G for

enabling 5G services TIM Academy on 5G and Edge Computing Link

4 Cloud Computing (Master Course) Politecnico di Torino Link

5 Software networking (Master Course) Politecnico di Torino Link

6 Laboratory of Teletraffic Engineering Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Link

7 Laboratory of Network Software Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Link

8 Communication Networks and Security Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Link

9 Seasonal school ARTIST (31/01-04/02) Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Link

3.2.5.2. Task 5.2: Dissemination and Exploitation

All activities related with dissemination are reported in Section 2.

All partners participated to the various dissemination activities of the project. Several conference and

journal papers were published by multiple partners. Furthermore, partners have also actively

participated in 5G-PPP working group activities towards coordination of efforts with the other

projects. This is reflected by the regular active participation to meetings, as authors of documents

produced (including white papers published and ongoing, brochures), or joint organization of events.

https://www.uc3m.es/master/NFV-SDN-5g-networks#program

https://www.di.uoa.gr/en

https://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/sustainability/actions-dialogue/our-people/training-development.html

https://didattica.polito.it/portal/pls/portal/gap.pkg_guide.viewGap?p_cod_ins=01TYDOV&p_a_acc=2020&p_header=S&p_lang=EN

https://didattica.polito.it/portal/pls/portal/gap.pkg_guide.viewGap?p_cod_ins=01SQPOV&p_a_acc=2020&p_header=S&p_lang=EN

https://www.santannapisa.it/sites/default/files/programmazione_e_orari_phd_final_xxxvi_ciclo2020_21_final_3.pdf



https://www.santannapisa.it/sites/default/files/allegato_a_-_seasonal_school_5g_program_v5.0_4.pdf


H2020-856709

Many events physical, and more recently, online (due to COVID-19) were organized by multiple

partners (also in cooperation with other projects. Multiple demonstrations have also been presented

in physical and online events and participation through talks in multiple events has also been spread

across all partners. Finally, academic partners have also initiated (and in some cases finished) multiple

theses. All these activities are listed in detail in Section 2.

3.2.5.3. Deviations

Overall, the work package proceeded as planned.


No corrective actions needed.

3.2.6. WP6

The management of the project is led by UC3M.

The main activities in this period are related to ensure that the project runs successfully, that the

partners successfully and efficiently collaborate and that the technical objectives are achieved taking

care of the time and the costs of the project. The project coordinator (PC) administered the financial

contribution, allocating it between the beneficiaries, and activities in accordance with the Grant

Agreement. The payments have been done with no delay. The PC kept the records and financial

accounting and informed the European Commission of the distribution of the EU financial

contribution. The PC verified consistency between the reports and the project tasks and monitors the

compliance of beneficiaries with their obligations.

During this reporting period, three amendments have been carried out, but two of them were

Commission initiated (related to H2020 program updates). The main changes implemented in the

consortium-requested amendment (May 2021) are listed below:

• Addition of a linked third party (UPM, linked to TID).

• Three months extension of the project, due to some delays introduced by the COVID-19

lockdowns and presented in the first technical review. New end date is 28 February 2022.

• Due to the new duration of the project and the delays incurred because of the lockdowns,

some WPs have different end dates. Deliverable and milestones dates have been updated

as necessary.

The Project Management Team (PMT) has continued the work started in early March 2020 analyzing

the impact of COVID-19 in anticipation of possible scenarios.

We have been in direct and constant communication with our Project Officer since the beginning

and we have continued to do so at each step in the process. One of the actions agreed with him was

to delay 15-days D4.4, mainly to better handle the submission of D3.5 and D4.4 (which originally had

the same date). In general, actions determined during the pandemic have proved to go into the right

direction, with no additional extensions needed.


H2020-856709

3.2.6.1. Task 6.1: Project administrative, financial, and legal management

In this period (M19-M33) six plenary meeting were held, all held online:

• 7th plenary meeting on December 14-16, 2020. Following a plenary mode, this meeting was

focused on the preparation of the first technical review and periodic report. In addition to

this, a couple of smaller meetings (only involving the PMT) were devoted to the preparation

of the review.

• 8th plenary meeting on March 2-4, 2021, followed by another meeting on March 18. This

meeting focused on the analysis of the recommendations from the reviewers after the first

technical review.

• 9th plenary meeting on June 15-17, 2021. This meeting focused on checking the status of the

implemented actions to cope with the initial impact of COVID-19, to assess if further actions

were required, as well as to discuss on the pilot activities.

• 10th plenary meeting on September 28-29, 2021. This meeting focused on the preparation of

the final validation activities, as well as the preparation of the related WP3 and WP4

deliverables.

• 11th plenary meeting on December 14-15, 2021. This meeting focused on the preparation of

the last deliverables of the project as well as the final technical review, including discussions

on how to best communicate the achievements of the project.

• 12th plenary meeting on February 22, 2022. This meeting focused on the preparation of the

final technical review, with a main focus on the visualization of the pilot activities. In addition

to this meeting, there will be a couple of smaller meetings (only involving the PMT) to prepare

all the details of the review.

During the second reporting period, some technical remote meetings (per WP), using gotomeeting

tool, maintained the weekly frequency, while others switched to bi-weekly frequency. A shared

calendar is used to reflect and share the planned remote meetings to keep the partners informed

about the date and hour.

A report of the project progress in terms of technical activities and resources allocation is planned

each three months by means of the Quarterly Management Reports.

The Consortium has continued using the following tools for the management of the project (no

changes compared to what was using in the first reporting period):

• Redmine: a web-based tool for the description of the activities and the coordination between

the partners. A dedicated section has been created as repository of the meeting minutes. This

includes a shared calendar for meetings bookkeeping.

• SVN repository: the repository where documentation and software have been stored and

shared among the partners.

• Several mailing lists in order to communicate with the partners: 5growth-all, 5growth-wp1,

5growth-wp2, 5growth-wp3, 5growth-wp4, 5growth-wp5, 5growth-wp6, 5growth-pb,

5growth-pmt, 5growth-admin and 5growth-contact.


H2020-856709

• Private git repositories to host the code developed in the project and allow for faster tests

and integration.

• Public GitHub repositories, where we upload the open-source components of each major

release: https://github.com/5growth

The 5Growth website (https://5growth.eu/) has been maintained. Similarly, we have maintained and

feed with content the Twitter (https://twitter.com/5growth_eu/), Instagram

(https://www.instagram.com/5growth_h2020/), LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/5growth-

project/) accounts and the YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/c/5growth/).

3.2.6.2. Task 6.2: Technical coordination, Innovation and Quality management

This task is led by NEC as technical manager, and UC3M and TEI participate as project coordinator

and innovation manager, respectively. NEC as the project technical manager, leads the technical

innovations for the project and coordinating the work of all WPs. UC3M as project coordinator

ensures the project progresses towards its objectives. TEI as the innovation manager has monitored

the innovation and exploitation activities.

5Growth set-up an External Vertical Industries Advisory Board (EVIAB). The EVIAB is a body that

provides non-binding technical advice to the management of 5Growth. 5Growth will schedule a

meeting after all the deliverables have been submitted, to present them a summary of all the

achievements and collect feedback. The EVIAB provided very valuable insights and recommendations

during the first reporting period. All meetings are recorded and published on the 5Growth YouTube

channel.

3.2.6.3. Task 6.3: Interaction with other projects of the H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP

Within 5G-PPP, the project participates in the cross-project work groups (WGs), where the work of

multiple projects can converge into identifying the shared issues and developing supported program

level position on technical and strategic items. 5Growth project partners participate to multiple 5G-

PPP working groups, namely (we indicate the 5Growth representative partner in brackets):

• Pre-Standardization (IDCC): active participation in the 6G-IA pre-standardization Working

Group including (i) regular attendance to monthly meetings; and (ii) presentation on the SDO

impacts of 5Growth which is recognized in EU Success Stories (https://global5g.org/online-

tool-standards-tracker/5growth-sdo-impacts) by Global5G.

• Vision and Societal Challenges (IT, UC3M): co-editing of the whitepaper “European Vision for

the 6G Network Ecosystem” (UC3M) and its presentation of different events, such as ICT-52

Workshop on 6G (UC3M). Co-lead of the SNSV Subgroup. Participation in the periodic WG

leading calls (UC3M). Organization of the SRIA event in Lisbon in November 2021 (IT).

• 5G Architecture (NEC): active participation to the 5G PPP Architecture WG. Contributions to

the Architecture WG white paper (release 4). Xi Li was elected co-chair of the WG.

• Trials (ERC): attendance to periodic conference calls.

• SME (TELCA): attendance to periodic conference calls.


https://5growth.eu/

https://twitter.com/5growth_eu/

https://www.instagram.com/5growth_h2020/



https://www.youtube.com/c/5growth/

https://global5g.org/online-tool-standards-tracker/5growth-sdo-impacts

https://global5g.org/online-tool-standards-tracker/5growth-sdo-impacts


H2020-856709

• Software Networks (NBL): active participation to the 5G PPP Software Networks WG and

attendance to periodic conference calls.

• Security (TID): attendance to periodic conference calls.

• Test, Measurements and KPI Validation (ERC): attendance to periodic conference calls.

Their scope is described at: https://5g-ppp.eu/5g-ppp-work-groups/. This participation includes

presenting and representing the project in all periodic meetings that are organized and participation

in joint actions (e.g., co-organization of events, joint documents/papers, joint demonstrations).

Additionally, the project also participates in the 5G-PPP boards towards a tight coordination with the

rest of 5G-PPP projects: the project coordinator in the steering board and the technical manager in

the technology board.

3.2.6.4. Deviations

Overall, the work package proceeded as planned.


No corrective actions needed.

https://5g-ppp.eu/5g-ppp-work-groups/


H2020-856709

3.3. Deliverables

Deliverable Progress On Schedule Delayed Completed

D1.1 X

D1.2 X

D1.3 X

D2.1 X

D2.2 X

D2.3 X

D2.4 X

D3.1 X

D3.2 X

D3.3 X

D3.4 X

D3.5 X

D3.6 X

D4.1 X

D4.2 X

D4.3 X

D4.4 X7

D5.1 X

D5.2 X

D5.3 X

D5.4 X

D5.5 X

D5.6 X

D5.7 X

D6.1 X

D6.2 X

D6.3 X

7 A 15-day delay was agreed with the PO.


H2020-856709

3.4. Milestones

Milestones Progress

On Schedule Delayed Completed

M1 X

M2 X

M3 X

M4 X

M5 X

M6 X

M7 X

M8 X

M9 X

M10 X

M11 X

M12 X

M13 X

M14 X

M15 X

M16 X

M17 X

M18 X

M19 X

M20 X

M21 X

3.5. Exploitable Results

3.5.1. Exploitation on commercial products and PoCs developed internally to

the companies

The last part of the project has been devoted to consolidating the exploitation actions according to

the plan. Main effort has been dedicated to finalizing the selected functions for exploitation by

demo/prototype & pilot experiments; and, in parallel, to promote such innovations the various

stakeholders. Internal meeting and workshops have been organized with the participation of

business organization. In most of cases, this allowed to create a loop to address part of the

assessment considering the outputs coming from discussion with main exploitation stakeholders.

Table 26 reports the target commercial product or platform with the corresponding 5Growth

component as declared in the plan, with a summary about main exploitation impacts.


H2020-856709

TABLE 26: EXPLOITATION TABLE

Short

Name

Platform/

product

Description of impact on platform/product 5Growth

component

ALB

Operations

Support

Systems

portfolio

ALB portfolio is currently in the process of evolution to a new generation of OSS

systems, which will benefit from lessons learned about orchestration and

management of 5G infrastructure through the development and evaluation of

the EFACEC use cases.

http://www.alticelabs.com/en/operations_support_systems.html.

The network management solution developed in 5Growth is shaping the

requirements and architecture of City Catalyst project. Demonstrators to validate

City Catalyst solutions in the fields of energy, mobility and governance will be

implemented in 5 Portuguese cities: Porto, Aveiro, Guimarães, Famalicão and

Cascais.

Management platform

Vertical slicer

Service Orchestrator

CO

MA

U

Operations

Support

Systems in

production

lines

5Growth 5G Pilots will allow COMAU to evaluate the evolution of its Operation

Support Systems in production lines towards 5G. Specifically, use cases

developed and experimented in 5Growth will target the innovative networking

platform.8

The use cases 1 and 2 have particular impact on Ingrid platform, that includes

MES (i.e the system that manages the production lines).

Pilot use cases

EFA

CEC

_E

GSmart &

view4grid A current main concern to EFACEC is the competitiveness of its products and

systems. The 5Growth project results will allow EFACEC to strengthen its

portfolio of solutions for Smart Grids (ScateX# ADMS, GSmart & LVS3) by adding

innovative communications features to the products’ configuration options. The

major benefits will impact on EFACEC’s portfolio for Smart Grids’ applications

integration and deployment, a set of solutions designed to implement flexible

management and monitoring over an entire smart electrical infrastructure,

including high-level platforms with management software and web user

interfaces over mobile devices to enhance field teams’ operation, smart meters

and sensors, data concentrators and distributed controllers, or any other type of

IP capable device.9

Pilot use cases

Management and

monitoring platform

for the electrical power

distribution

EFA

CEC

_S DigiXSafe The outputs carried out in the project related the development of new signaling

system products will open new commercial windows over the market of next

generation of signaling systems that are under the standardization and

digitalization efforts resulted from of the EULYNX consortium project16 and Shift

to Rail Join Undertaking (DigiXSafe product)

Pilot use cases: New

generation of

signaling system

INN

OV

ALI

A

Metrology

Software M3 Pilot outputs include the identification and assessment of the feasibility of the

use case of remote control of Quality Control Equipment. Innovalia M3 Box SW

system has already been adapted for deployment in a 5G distributed

environment.

Business validation involves, on the one hand, determining the maximum radius

of operation (max distance between the expert and the factory where M3Box is

deployed), and, on the other hand, validating the possibility to decouple the

deployment of the components that reside on the M3Box edge device to install

them on a cloud-edge environment. The overall deployments have been tested

both on a lab environment, in 5Tonic, in Madrid, and on an industrial

environment, at the Automotive Intelligence Center in Bilbao.

5G Pilot

ER

C a

nd

TEI

(Eri

csso

n)

Ericsson IoT

Acclerator Ericsson IoT Accelerator is a platform to develop market and manage secure IoT

solutions. IoT Accelerator can benefit from the experience gained in 5Growth in

relation to the IoT pilots and relevant use cases and possibly can incorporate

functionalities that could emerge from the vertical partners in the consortium.10

Vertical Slicer, Service

Orchestrator, Resource

Layer

Cloud Packet

Core platform Especially driven by the expected verticals cooperation’s and experimentation in

the 5Growth project pilots, the Cloud Packet Core platform can be enhanced

especially in relation to Massive IoT support (Introducing network slices for

Vertical Slicer,

Service Orchestrator,

Resource Layer

8 https://www.comau.com/en/innovation-and-digital-transformation/ingrid 9 https://www.efacec.pt/en/automation/ 10 https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/iot-solutions/iot-accelerator?nav=offeringarea613

http://www.alticelabs.com/en/operations_support_systems.html

https://www.comau.com/en/innovation-and-digital-transformation/ingrid

https://www.comau.com/en/innovation-and-digital-transformation/ingrid

https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/iot-solutions/iot-accelerator?nav=offeringarea613


H2020-856709

massive IoT with a decoupled lifecycle from consumer eMBB service) and

support of enterprise with dedicated instances for critical enterprise

deployments, like manufacturing sites.11

Pilot use cases

Ericsson NFVI Ericsson NFVI solution consists of software and hardware products as well as

support and system integration services forming a complete solution for

telecom operators. 5Growth can bring important elements to the platform, both

in the resource layer aspects, being hardware products part of the NFVI solution,

and in orchestration and virtualization functionalities. RAN-Transport solutions

under definition in 5Growth projects, are under discussion internally to Ericsson

for analyzing possible impact on product. Now, it is necessary a more

consolidated assessment in PoC and experimentation, but the joint cooperation

with Telefonica and TIM are considered as valuable feedback for future

deployment in products.12

Vertical Slicer,


Resource Layer

IDC

C

360-Degrees

Adaptive

Viewport

Video

Streaming

over

5G

InterDigital’s platform showcases the concept of microservices-based design by

distributing several computing tasks necessary to deliver a high-resolution 360

video streaming service to terminals with different resources and capabilities.

5G pilot

MIR

AN

TIS

Mirantis MOS

- Mirantis

OpenStack for

Kubernetes

(This product

replaces the

declared

product MCP

Mirantis

Cloud

Platform).

MOS - Mirantis OpenStack for Kubernetes. This product leverages the container

isolation, state enforcement, and declarative definition of resources provided by

Kubernetes to deploy and manage OpenStack clusters. MOS replaced MCP.

Compared to MCP, this new product has advantages such as containerization of

OpenStack services, reconciliation of resource state, and declarative resource

definition. MOS wasn’t tested directly for Pilots within 5Growth project, but it

could potentially improve the platform reliability and time-to-market index, and

it can simplify cluster management comparing to the upstream OpenStack

solution.

Resource Layer, 5G

Pilot

K0s, which is,

Mirantis Open

Source

product.

k0s is the simple, solid & certified Kubernetes distribution that works on any

infrastructure: public & private clouds, on-premises, edge & hybrid. It's 100%

open source & free. K0s is a perspective Kubernetes distribution targeted on

minimalism and maximum efficiency. It is targeted to be used for development

and edge solutions. It hasn’t been tested during the 5Growth project against

implementing it as a platform for 5Growth infrastructure or verticals, but

potentially may be efficiently used for this purpose.

NEC

NEC

iPASOLINK EX

family

In a lightweight, compact 23cm squared enclosure, iPASOLINK EX Advanced

realizes industry-leading 10Gbps single link capacity features. The design of

Resource Layer abstractions and interfaces with data-plane equipment will

directly impact the potential evolutions of this product family.

http://www.nec.com/en/event/mwc/leaflet/pdf_2017/i_pasolink_ex_advanced.p

df

5Gr-RL´s traffic isolation schemes, developed in the scope of WP2, are inspiring

new features to support slicing in iPASOLINK EX products.

Resource Layer

Net2Vec Net2Vec is a flexible high-performance platform that allows the execution of

deep learning algorithms in the communication network. The monitoring

platform of 5Growth and its interfaces with high-speed data processing

platforms can have an impact on the evolutions of this product.

Monitoring platform

NEC O-RAN Next generation RAN (NEC O-RAN product portfolio for vRANs) Innovation

supporting of virtualized RAN Orchestration.


Orchestrator, Resource

Layer

11 https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/cloud-core/cloud-packet-core 12 https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/digital-services-solution-areas/nfvi?nav=fgb_101_0363

http://www.nec.com/en/event/mwc/leaflet/pdf_2017/i_pasolink_ex_advanced.pdf

http://www.nec.com/en/event/mwc/leaflet/pdf_2017/i_pasolink_ex_advanced.pdf

https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/cloud-core/cloud-packet-core

https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/digital-services-solution-areas/nfvi?nav=fgb_101_0363


H2020-856709

WizHaul

(Transport

resource

management)

product.

SDN/NFV-based centralized resource management orchestrator for mobile

transport domains. 5Growth novel orchestration algorithms for monitoring and

prediction and automated closed-loop resource management will have a

potential impact on the evolution of WizHaul (Transport resource management)

product


Resource Layer

OVNES novel orchestration solutions for SLA monitoring and management and

automated network slice management will have a potential impact on the

evolution of this product.


Orchestrator

NB

L

Mobile, fixed

and

converged

broadband

access

The outcome of 5Growth is expected to impact significantly NOKIA’s software-

defined access solutions on mobile and fixed access networks. It is foreseen the

potential adoption of suggested 5Growth enhancements on programmable

traffic management schemes, in NOKIA access nodes. A domain-specific

language such as P4 will be adopted for this purpose and extended

appropriately to allow programmability independently of the access technology

employed, thus impacting NOKIA’s entire mobile and fixed access product

portfolio.

Pilot use cases

WP2 innovations

AirScale

Cloud RAN The AirScale Cloud RAN solution consists of the AirScale Cloud Base Station

Server and the Nokia AirScale Radio Network Controller (RNC). The 5Growth

innovation on programmable traffic management at the RAN is expected to

complement the innovations for this product suite.13

Vertical Slicer

Cloud and

Edge

Computing

Nokia

AirFrame DC

The Nokia AirFrame Data Center solution offers a flexible range of data center

infrastructure portfolio. 5Growth research on tools for closed-loop control, such

as programmable traffic management schemes, can be potentially adopted to

improve future offerings in the Nokia AirFrame Data Center.14


Orchestrator

Digital

Operations

Suite

The Digital Operations (DO) Suite provides and agile and modular orchestration

for managing service orchestration across virtualized and hybrid networks. It is

expected that 5Growth enhancements to the Vertical Slicer and Service

Orchestrator (e.g., algorithms for arbitration across coexisting services, service

utilization demand forecasting for appropriate vertical service dimensioning,

service decomposition etc.) can steer DO innovation.15

Service Orchestrator

Resource Layer

NX

W

Symphony Based on on-going exploitation activity on Symphony components, some

components have been virtualized and deployed in containers. Moreover, using

as baseline the 5Gr-VS carried out in 5Growth the plan is to automate the

orchestration of these Symphony software modules within eMBB and URLLC

network slices, dedicated to the video-surveillance, media and A/V services, and

to domotics services respectively. Leveraging the experience built in 5Growth

activities on Industry 4.0 pilots, the company is also extending the Symphony

platform for its deployment in smart factory contexts. The original training

courses have been extended to cover new technical areas specifically related to

5G networks, orchestration solutions specialized for edge computing and AI/ML

technologies applied to closed-loop network automation.

Vertical Slicer

13 https://networks.nokia.com/solutions/airscale-cloud-ran 14 https://networks.nokia.com/solutions/airframe-data-center-solution 15 https://networks.nokia.com/portfolio/service-orchestration

https://networks.nokia.com/solutions/airscale-cloud-ran

https://networks.nokia.com/solutions/airframe-data-center-solution

https://networks.nokia.com/portfolio/service-orchestration


H2020-856709

TELC

A

Alviu Alviu is a flexible and resilient control system that enables the integration of

cloud and network services through a centralized and dynamic administration.

On top of this, it reduces equipment expenses and offers a wider range of White

Box Switches to enterprises.

The innovations of 5Growth vertical slicer and service orchestration will impact

directly on how Alviu slices and manages network infrastructure.

https://www.telcaria.com/#servic eModal1.

5Growth innovations, especially the Smart orchestration innovation, have been

exploited by Alviu, enabling engineers to explore new ways of deploying and

monitoring Alviu components. Furthermore, we foresee the integration of

Innovation 8 [1], that thanks to the combination of a centralized SDN controller

and P4-enabled switches, allows for the granular implementation and control of

network slices. In particular, the aforementioned innovation, allows to achieve

traffic isolation and prioritization between slices, as well as achieving latency and

bandwidth guarantees.

In the short term, Telcaria expects to exploit 5Growth monitoring platform and

performance isolation innovations by integrating similar solutions into its

product portfolio, required by the increasing necessity of gaining better insights,

guaranteeing quality of service, and improving the decision-making

mechanisms. Moreover, in the medium term, the experience gained from the 5G

pilots is of significant value for strategic consulting and trials for new services

that Telcaria could offer. Finally, in the wake of the 5Growth project success,

Telcaria has hired new employees, and also motivated current employees to

develop their professional careers by pursuing a Ph.D., which impacts directly in

the quality of the products and services Telcaria offers to its clients worldwide.


Vertical Slicer

3.5.2. Exploitation on standards

5Growth thrust into standardization bodies is significant with a considerable number of contributions

bringing 5Growth technology and innovations into key SDOs forums such as 3GPP, ETSI MEC, IETF

and IEEE.

The target for the 5Growth project is 10 adopted16 contributions to SDOs, such as 3GPP, IETF, ETSI,

IEEE, ITU over the lifetime of the project. The project has reported a total of 85 standard contributions

where 43 out of 85 contributions are adopted. Table 27 summarizes the archived goals and the

spread of contributions among the different SDOs.

TABLE 27: SUMMARY OF THE STANDARD CONTRIBUTIONS PER SDO

SDO Total Submitted Total Adopted Contribution Ratio

3GPP 38 28 44.7%

IETF/IRTF 20 7 23.5%

ETSI 10 7 11.8%

IEEE 16 0 18.8%

GSMA 1 1 1.1%

Table 28 below provides more details on the status of the standardization effort in 5Growth.

16 adopted/agreed/approved/accepted are used based on the use of SDO-specific terminology.


H2020-856709

TABLE 28: COMPLETE LIST OF SDO ACTIVITIES AND CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTIONS IN 5GROWTH PROJECT

Date

(yy/mm/dd)

Target SDO ITEM/Activity Status

(Agreed/Ac

cepted/Sub

mitted/App

roved)

Explanation

19/09/16 IEEE 802.11 Link Submitted This contribution is an analysis of the use of

OCB (out of the Context of a BSS) for data

frame transmission in .11bc. Does not have a

direct matching to a 5Growth task but was

needed for .11bc.

19/09/17 IEEE 802.11 Link Submitted Use case presented for the RCM study group

on Randomisation of MAC addresses. This use

case studies the effects of randomisation of

MAC addresses in rogue AP containment

environments. This mechanism may be used in

controlled scenarios, such as the I4.0 in order

to avoid user created APs to be used in an area

with controlled interference.

19/11/09 IEEE 802.11 Link Submitted This contribution proposes a mechanism for

service advertisement coupled with group

security. The AP is broadcasting a set of eBCS

services. Each service is secured by a key. This

key is used to proof origin authentication. The

proposed mechanism enhances the eBCS Info

frame (in charge of distributing the keys to the

eBCS clients, so that each Info frame can carry

more than one service and more than one key.

This technology is relevant for the I4.0 use

cases, where different sensors or machines can

receive broadcast instructions or software

updates, for example, which are authenticated

using this contribution.

19/11/11 IEEE 802.11 Link Submitted This is a contribution to IEEE 802.11bc. We

believe IEEE 802.11bc can be used within the

I4.0 and Railway scenarios since it can be used

to connect low complexity sensors used in

both scenarios. This contribution specifically

deals with the authentication of the origin of

the broadcast, and therefore can be used in

critical systems such as the railway scenario.






handles the way the services being

broadcasted in the area are advertised.

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-1642-00-00bc-constraints-of-ocb-transmission.pdf

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-1665-00-0rcm-rcm-rogue-containment-use-case.docx

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-1978-00-00bc-service-discovery-on-ebcs-info-frame.pptx

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-1978-01-00bc-service-discovery-on-ebcs-info-frame.pptx

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-2017-00-00bc-service-discovery-advertisement.pptx


H2020-856709

19/11/12 IEEE

802.1CQ

Link Submitted Update to IEEE 802.1CQ

19/11/12 IEEE

802.1CQ






both scenarios.

19/11/13 IEEE 802.11 Link Submitted Above

19/11/13 IEEE

802.1CQ

Link Submitted This contribution forms part of IEEE 802.1CQ.

This standard defines a mechanism to

assigning multicast and unicast local MAC

addresses to end stations. This is relevant as a

way of reducing the cost of sensors which do

not need to have a hardwired MAC address.

This will potentially impact any scenario using

sensors.

19/11/13 IEEE

802.1CQ


20/01/08 IETF Link Submitted Relevant to 5Growth due to the inclusion of

the I4.0 use case -> This document describes

different use cases of interest for reliable and

available wireless networks, which is basically

deterministic networking for wireless. This is

extremely relevant for 5Growth use cases,

especially Industry 4.0. This use case is

reflected in the document. It is an individual

contribution, recently adopted as WG

document.

20/01/08 IETF Link Submitted This document describes some issues and

challenges of discovery data and resources at

the edge of the network. This is relevant for

5Growth, as some of the applications

considered in our pilots (such as Industry 4.0)

might benefit from these mechanisms to

optimize the overall performance in

automation scenarios.

20/02/13 IEEE

802.11bc

Link Submitted This is a contribution to IEEE 802.11bc. We







20/03/04 3GPP SA5 S5-201594 Accepted This contribution is relevant for WP3, as it

specifies means of integrating private and

http://www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2019/cq-aoliva-statemachineexplanation-1119-v1.pdf

http://www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2019/cq-aoliva-statemachine-1119-v1.pdf

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-2069-01-00bc-update-on-proposed-sfd-text-for-r3-5-3.docx

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/19/11-19-2069-00-00bc-update-on-proposed-sfd-text-for-r3-5-3.docx

http://www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2019/cq-aoliva-PALMAPAD-1119-v1.pdf

http://www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2019/cq-Marks-Oliva-update-2019-11-13-1119.pdf

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-raw-use-cases/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mcbride-edge-data-discovery-overview/

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/20/11-20-0135-00-00bc-sfd-text-for-section-9-6-33.docx

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/TSG_SA/WG5_TM/TSGS5_129e/Docs/S5-201594.zip


H2020-856709

public networks, in relation with 5Growth use

cases.

20/03/07 IETF Link Adopted It is relevant for I4.0 use cases, where a massive

number of devices need connectivity and

might benefit from the local addressing

assignment mechanisms described in the draft

-> This document describes extensions to

DHCP to allow a requester (client or

hypervisor) indicate the preference of the type

of local address to obtain. This is applicable to

5Growth scenarios, e.g. in Industry 4.0. It is an

adopted WG document at the very end of the

publication process as RFC.

20/03/09 3GPP SA5 S5-201596 Accepted Relevant contribution for 5Growth network

slicing mechanisms as means of NPN

provisioning in industrial 4.0 scenarios. This is

related to D3.1, because the contribution

treats the use of slicing (following a NSaaS

model) to provisioning public network

integrated with NPNs, emphasising the public-

private integration. In this sense, it is related

with Section 3.4 of D3.1 (“Initial study on ICT-

17 integration with 5Growth”).

20/03/09 IETF Link Submitted In some scenarios, distributed SFC control

might be useful to provide extra resilience.

This document describes Mobile IPv6

extensions to enable function migration in

distributed SFC scenarios. It is an individual

submission.

20/03/09 IETF Link Submitted This document specifies several NSH

extensions to provide in-band SFC control

signaling to enable distributed SFC control

solutions. This might be applied to some of the

5Growth use cases, to enable extra resilience

by supporting distributed control. It is an

individual submission.

20/03/09 IETF Link Submitted In some scenarios, distributed SFC control

might be useful to provide extra resilience.

This document describes a general framework

for distributed SFC operation. It is an individual

submission.

20/04/28 IEEE

802.11bc

Link Submitted This is a contribution to IEEE 802.11bc. We







https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dhc-slap-quadrant/


https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-dmm-sfc-mobility/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-sfc-nsh-distributed-control/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-sfc-distributed-control-operation/

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/20/11-20-0322-01-00bc-discovery-sta-service-consumption.pdf


H2020-856709

20/04/28 3GPP SA5 S5-202339 Accepted This contribution clarifies "which role"

manages "what NFs" in different NPN

scenarios, depending on deployment settings.

This is directly connected to 5Growth use

cases, where different deployment settings

allows for different governance between

5Growth platform and ICT-17 stack.

20/04/28 3GPP SA5 S5-202338 Accepted These requirements captured some of the

functional requirements specified for

individual 5Growth use cases

20/07/01 ETSI MEC MEC(20)0002

58

(must be a

member of

ETSI)

Accepted This contribution outlined the end-to-end

architecture framework for an intelligent edge

and far edge integrated with an end-to-end

5G system.

20/07/01 ETSI MEC MEC(20)0002

59

(must be a

member of

ETSI)

Accepted This provided a description of the 5Growth I4.0

use case on zero defect manufacturing and the

role of edge in supporting this use case.

20/07/01 ETSI MEC MEC(20)0002

61

(must be a

member of

ETSI)

Accepted This provided a description of the 5Growth I4.0

use cases involving robots/AGVs and the role

of edge in supporting this use case.

20/07/01 IEEE

802.1CQ

Private draft

(only

accessible to

voting

members)

Submitted IEEE 802.1CQ draft standard

20/07/14 IRTF NMRG Link Submitted This contribution targets to become one of the

use cases of the NMRG on for intent-based

systems. Its applicability within 5Growth would

be related to, on one hand, how verticals can

express through intents their slice needs, and

on another hand, how service providers can

express interconnection intents among

themselves for achieving those services.

20/07/20 IETF

OPSAWG

Link Submitted WP4 addresses the combination of different

measurement sources by means of a

semantics-aware data aggregator, proposed

to be integrated in the IETF SAIN architecture.

20/07/20 IRTF

COINRG

Link Submitted WP4 addresses the combination of different

measurement sources by means of a

semantics-aware data aggregator, proposed

to become an essential aspect of data source

discovery for the computing-in-the-network

paradigm.



https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-contreras-nmrg-interconnection-intents/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-claise-opsawg-service-assurance-architecture/

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mcbride-data-discovery-problem-statement/


H2020-856709

20/07/27 IETF Link Submitted This contribution proposes mechanisms to

integrate IETF RAW and ETSI MEC, filling a gap

that would allow to enhance the applicability

of MEC technologies in Industry 4.0 scenarios

as the ones addressed by 5Growth (in WP3).

20/08/28 3GPP SA5 S5-204463 Accepted This contribution provides a 3GPP 5G actor

role model for NPN management. These roles

are aligned with 5Growth stakeholders at

different abstraction layers (5Gr-RL, 5Gr-SO,

5Gr-VS).

20/08/28 3GPP SA5 S5-204465 Accepted This contribution proposes a way forward for

the discussion of NPN management aspects

on individual 5GS segments, including UE

related management aspects (e.g. UE identity

management, UE provisioning and on-

boarding, UE connectivity management, UE

group management), NG-RAN related

management aspects (e.g. NPN IDs

management, configuration of NG-RAN

sharing, etc.) and 5GC related management

aspects (e.g. traffic processing configuration,

service and session management, subscription

management). All these aspects need to be

analyzed for the different NPN categories (i.e.

SNPNs and PNI-NPNs), considering both

single-site and multi-site layouts. The structure

proposed in this contribution is aligned with

the approach followed for the different

5Growth pilots

20/09/07 ETSI NFV

TST

Link Submitted Support to these work-items as targets for

measurement techniques and tools, data

aggregation, and the communication of pilot

results as proofs-of-concept to ETSI NFV

20/09/07 IEEE

802.11bc

Link Reviewed This is a contribution to IEEE 802.11bc. We





removes the use of the Service Advertisement

Frame since its use has been added to the

eBCS Info frame

20/09/07 IEEE

802.11bc

Link Reviewed This is a contribution to IEEE 802.11bc. We





solves a security issue when the AP was

advertising no throttling characteristics for

eBCS UL traffic.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-raw-mec/

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG5_TM/TSGS5_132e/Docs/S5-204463.zip


https://portal.etsi.org/webapp/WorkProgram/Report_WorkItem.asp?WKI_ID=58429

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/20/11-20-1418-00-00bc-802-11bc-cc31-resolution-for-cids-assigned-to-antonio.docx

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/20/11-20-1419-04-00bc-802-11bc-cc31-resolution-for-cid-355.docx


H2020-856709

20/09/14 ETSI ZSM ZSM(20)0003

26

Accepted This contribution is relevant for closed-loop

automation (CLA), which is one of the key

innovation in 5Growth project. CLA in 5Growth

leverages OSM capabilities.

20/10/18 3GPP SA2 S2-2005942 Accepted This provides service continutity when it is

necessary to switch between a private and

public network temporarily.

20/10/18 3GPP SA2 S2-2006257 Accepted This provides terminal inputs of quality of

expericence to the data analytics

enhancements to improve network

performance

20/11/09 IETF TEAS

WG

Link Submitted The relation with the project is to facilitate the

joint topological view of both networking and

computing resources available. This can be

useful for assisting on orchestration decisions

in the provider side both single- and multi-

domain scenarios.

20/10/18 3GPP SA2 S2-2005788 Accepted This provides a solution for low latency

switching of user plane functions between

MNOs for edge deployments

20/10/21 3GPP SA5 S5-205400 Accepted Relevant contribution for 5Growth network

slicing mechanisms as means of NPN

provisioning in industrial 4.0 scenarios.

20/10/21 3GPP SA5 S5-205402 Accepted This contribution is relevant for the interaction

of 5Growth stack with ICT-17 platform,

defining some key enablers in terms of

'management capability exposure'.

20/10/23 IETF Link Adopted Relevant to 5Growth due to the inclusion of

the I4.0 use case -> This document describes

different use cases of interest for reliable and

available wireless networks, which is basically

deterministic networking for wireless. This is

extremely relevant for 5Growth use cases,

especially Industry 4.0. This use case is

reflected in the document. It is an individual

contribution, recently adopted as WG

document.

20/11/15 3GPP SA1 S1-204264 Accepted This provides a description of switching

terminal connections from terminal to terminal

to local network via a gateway

20/11/15 3GPP SA1 S1-204265 Accepted This provides a description of switching

hosting environments via a gateway

20/12/03 IETF RFC 8948 Accepted It is relevant for I4.0 use cases, where a massive

number of devices need connectivity and

might benefit from the local addressing

assignment mechanisms described in the draft

-> This document describes extensions to

DHCP to allow a requester (client or

hypervisor) indicate the preference of the type

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG2_Arch/TSGS2_140e_Electronic/Docs/S2-2005942.zip


https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-llc-teas-dc-aware-topo-model/




https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-raw-use-cases/

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_92_Electronic_Meeting/Docs/S1-204264.zip

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_92_Electronic_Meeting/Docs/S1-204265.zip

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8948/


H2020-856709

of local address to obtain. This is applicable to

5Growth scenarios, e.g. in Industry 4.0. It is an

adopted WG document at the very end of the

publication process as RFC.

20/12/18 ETSI ENI ETSI ENI PoC

#9

Accepted The PoC will embed algorithms, strategies and

procedures for the composition, sharing and

auto-scaling of network slice subnets to build

and dynamically adjust the entire set of end-

to-end network slices following a closed-loop

approach (Task 2.4) to meet service-level

requirements, while optimizing the usage of

the underlying 5G infrastructure, jointly

considering access, core, edge, cloud

resources. Such strategies will be fed and

assisted by the ENI system, based on short-

term and long-term profiles related to

resource availability, service and network slice

performance, service demands, etc.

21/01/31 ETSI ZSM ZSM(21)0000

23r2

Accepted Network Slice as a Service (NSaaS) is a service

delivery model which is used for the

provisioning of PNI-NPN in 5Growth use cases

21/02/03 3GPP SA5 S5-211479 Accepted CAG is a 3GPP mechanism that allows for UE

access control in PNI-NPN scenarios. This is

relevant for 5Growth use cases.

21/02/04 3GPP RAN2 R2-2102087 Submitted This Contributions discussion ultra-reliable

communications in a controlled environment

like factories using cellular unlicensed

spectrum

21/02/04 3GPP RAN2 R2-2101509 Submitted This Contributions discussion ultra-reliable

communications with more enhanced QoS

requirements like those needed for Industry

4.0 applications

21/02/22 IETF Link Submitted This contribution discusses mechanisms to

allow a terminal influencing the selection of a

MEC host for instantiation of the terminal-

targeted MEC applications and functions, and

(re)configuring the RAW network lying in

between the terminal and the selected MEC

host, filling a gap that would allow to enhance

the applicability of MEC technologies in

Industry 4.0 scenarios as the ones addressed

by 5Growth (in WP3).

21/03/01 3GPP SA1 S1-210483 Submitted This contribution apply to the interconnecting

of two non-public factory networks

(equivalent to residential networks) for

minimum user interaction with the gateways

21/03/01 3GPP SA1 S1-210484 Submitted This contribution apply to the interconnecting

of two non-public factory networks

(equivalent to residential networks) for

seamless access between them


https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG2_RL2/TSGR2_113-e/Docs/R2-2102087.zip

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG2_RL2/TSGR2_113-e/Docs/R2-2101509.zip

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bernardos-raw-joint-selection-raw-mec/

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_93e_Electronic_Meeting/Docs/S1-210483.zip

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_93e_Electronic_Meeting/Docs/S1-210484.zip


H2020-856709

21/03/10 3GPP SA5 S5-212360 Accepted This contribution details the management

aspects related to the UE provisioning in

5GLAN groups, which is applicable in industry

4.0 use cases such as the in-project pilot.

21/03/10 3GPP SA5 S5-212361 Accepted This contribution provides a classification of

placement (on-premises vs off-premises) of

NPN functions based on the different

management modes. The management

modes represent who (vertical, operator, 3rd

party) are in charge of managing the NPN

components. These management modes are

aligned with ICT-19/ICT-17 interactions

captured in 5Growth D3.1.

21/05/20 3GPP SA5 S5-213366 Accepted 3GPP management system provides MnSs to

the internal consumer to provision and

monitor 3GPP network including network slice.

The internal MnSs’ consumer of an operator

could be management function, network

function, application function, analytics

function, digital portal, etc. of the operator.

Based on operator’s policies and other

conditions, the MnSs exposed to different

consumers could be different. The operator

should configure fine grained access

permissions to restrict which MnSs are

accessible from which consumers

This pCR studies granular access control on

MnSs of 3GPP management system by mobile

network operator. This applies for the

capability exposure topic for ICT17/ICT19

integration.

21/05/20 3GPP SA5 S5-213506 Accepted According to potential requirement to support

use case 5.3 in this study report, the 3GPP

management system could have the capability

to allocate network slice based on granular

isolation requirements on the network slice

and group network slices with same isolation

requirements and security level.

According to definition and concept of

network slice subnet in TS 28.530, it is a

representation of a set of network functions

and the associated resources supporting

network slice. Network slice subnet could have

isolation requirements, and several network

slice subnets with same isolation properties

could be put into same isolation group.

Isolation requirements could be associated

with the service profile and slice profile,

guiding the allocation of network slice and

network slice subnet






H2020-856709

This pCR proposes enhancement of

NetworkSliceSubnet to support slice resource

isolation. This allows making slice subnet

allocation in 5Growth, ensuring appropriate

isolation level.

21/05/13 ETSI ETSI TR 103

761 V0.0.5

(2021-04)

Draft The challenges, approaches, methodologies

and tools produced by 5Growth project in

WP4 adoption, design and execution of

validation activities allows producing

guidelines and recommendations for piloting

vertical activities beyond the 5G-PPP

ecosystem.

21/05/25 IETF Link Adopted The need of OAM mechanisms for

deterministic or quasi-deterministic (reliable

and available) operation in wired (detnet

document) and wireless (raw document)

networks is particularly relevant to the Industry

4.0 addressed in 5Growth project, but also to

the other verticals.

21/05/25 IETF Link Adopted The need of OAM mechanisms for

deterministic or quasi-deterministic (reliable

and available) operation in wired (detnet

document) and wireless (raw document)

networks is particularly relevant to the Industry

4.0 addressed in 5Growth project, but also to

the other verticals.

21/05/25 3GPP SA1 S1-211442 Accepted This provides a description of service hosting

environment and application server connected

via a residential gateway

21/05/25 3GPP SA1 S1-211479 Accepted This provides a description of managing UEs

that accessed the local services in a hosting

network and switching back to their home

network.

21/07/12 ETSI ZSM ZSM(21)0002

65r1

Accepted This contribution provides a SoTA on the work

relevant from GSMA and OSM, according to

the technical background captured in different

5GRowth WP2/WP3 deliverables,

21/07/12 IETF TEAS

WG

Link Accepted This contribution proposes use cases (5G, RAN

sharing, etc.) for the definition of Transport

Slice NBI. The Transport Slice is an add-on

feature that allows Software-Defined

Transport Controller to capture TN slicing

related features (from 3GPP mgmt system) and

translating them into provisioning/CM actions

on underlying WAN nodes and resources.

21/07/26 IETF NMRG Link Submitted AI+monitoring framework integrated in

5Growth MANO stack for decision-making in

industrial scenarios

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-raw-oam-support/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-oam-framework/

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_94e_ElectronicMeeting/inbox/S1-211442.zip

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_94e_ElectronicMeeting/inbox/S1-211479.zip

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-contreras-teas-slice-nbi/

https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/111/materials/slides-111-nmrg-a-practical-application-of-monitoring-data-and-ai-in-supporting-an-industrial-environment-01


H2020-856709

21/07/26 IETF NMRG Link Submitted Semantic Data Aggregation framework linked

with evaluation data handling as done in WP4.

21/05/17 3GPP RAN3 R3-212659 Submitted This contribution summarizes the offline

discussion on successful handover report

which can be considered for 5growth objective

on optimization of the use of resources in

next-generation RANs.

21/05/17 3GPP RAN3 R3-212268 Submitted This contribution discusses the use of SHR to

optimize the selection of candidate target cells

in CHO and DAPS which can be considered for

5growth objective on optimization of the use

of resources in next-generation RANs.

21/05/17 3GPP RAN3 R3-212269 Submitted This contribution illustrates a partial use case

on data forwarding optimization that is

applicable for the study on AI in RAN and

potential benefits.

21/05/17 3GPP RAN3 R3-212271 Submitted This contribution illustrates a partial use case

on mobility enhancements that is applicable

for the study on AI in RAN and potential

benefits.

21/05/17 3GPP RAN3 R3-212868 Accepted This contribution proposes a new use case on

mobility optimization including traffic

steering, UE location/mobility prediction and

reduction of unintended events for TR 37.817.

21/07/05 3GPP SA1 S1-212007 Submitted This document proposes a new use case on

“augmented robotic telepresence” which is

aligned with 5growth I4.0 use case.

21/07/05 3GPP SA1 S1-212142 Accepted This document proposes to align the scope of

3GPP TR 22.847 with the SID. The proposed

scope alignment is relevant for 5growth I4.0

use cases that require real-time

experience/interactions.

21/05/10 3GPP SA1 S1-211497 Accepted This document proposes a new use case on

“Haptic feedback for a personal exclusion

zone” which is aligned with 5growth I4.0 use

case.

21/09/01 3GPP SA5 S5-214589 Accepted This contribution proposes to enrich the 3GPP

network slice info to provide Transport

network related information, specifically the

identifiers of logical transport interfaces.

Depending on the interface type used (VLAN,

MPLS, SR), the identifier are different (VLAN ID,

MPLS Tag, Segment ID).

This solution can be applied for 5growth use

cases that require transport slicing, making use

VLAN/MPLS technologies, depending on the

concrete 5growth application scenario.

21/09/01 3GPP SA5 S5-214638 Accepted GSMA defined attribute in General Slice

Template (GST) to isolate resource of network

https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/111/materials/slides-111-nmrg-towards-building-a-context-aware-data-aggregation-framework-for-network-monitoring-00

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG3_Iu/TSGR3_112-e/Docs/R3-212659.zip





https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_94bise_July2021/Docs/S1-212007.zip

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_94bise_July2021/Docs/S1-212142.zip

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_94e_ElectronicMeeting/Docs/S1-211497.zip




H2020-856709

slices in different levels (refer to GSMA

NG.116).

As data is critical asset of a network slice

customer (NSC) for its business and operation,

in GSMA GST, the data of one NSC is always

required to isolate from other NSCs even for

the least strict isolation level - service/tenant

isolation.

This pCR is to introduce a new use case on

management data isolation for network slice

customers, and proposed potential

requirements and solutions. This is aligned

with the 5Growth approach, since 5Gr-VS

makes use of GST/NEST to derive network slice

related requirements and solutions.

21/09/28 ETSI TR 103761 Submitted This document describes a survey and review

of the existing methodologies for Testing and

Validation of vertical applications designed for

leveraging the potential of 5G&Beyond

networks, in order to identify existing gaps in

such methodologies and propose solutions to

cover them. Such methodology, is in part

developed and implemented in the vertical

uses cases covered by 5Growth project

21/10/27 IETF

(CCAMP

WG)

Link Adopted This contribution presents the design of a

Yang data model to describe the topologies of

microwave/millimeter radio links and

bandwidth availability, which can be used on

the NBI of the WIM controller to manage a

microwave-based transport networks. The

relevant use cases are for network

planning/optimization, links provisioning,

path/route computation, etc.

21/11/03 3GPP SA5 S5-215526 Accepted This contribution proposes to delimit the

scope of 3GPP in terms of network slice

capability exposure. The capabilities are made

available by the Network Slice Provider (NSP)

for consumption to the Network Slice

Customer (NSC).

The use cases presented here are applicable to

the ICT17/ICT19 integration aspects discussed

in 5Growth D3.1 and D3.2, with ICT17 acting as

the NSP and ICT19 acting as the NSC.

21/11/03 3GPP SA5 S5-215640 Accepted This CR introduces missing references in the

3GPP Information Model for Network Slicing

(Slice NRM fragment). References to GSMA

GST/NEST parameter used for 3GPP

ServiceProfile definition are missed, and fixed

with this contribution.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-ccamp-mw-topo-yang/




H2020-856709

21/11/03 3GPP SA5 S5-215649 Accepted This contribution updates the journey from

GST/NEST to 3GPP Service/SliceProfile and

configuration parameters.

TopSliceSubnetProfile is incorporated in the

workflow, and terminology is updated

according to Rel-17 modifications.

21/11/03 GSMA 5GJA 5GJA18_116 Accepted This discussion paper presents the gaps

existing between GST/NEST and 3GPP slicing

info model on the 'isolation topic'. Based on

these gaps, a set of actions are proposed and

endorsed. These actions are to be carried out

in the new GSMA work item called 'E2E

network slicing', approved at the latest GSMA

NG plenary meeting on late October.

21/08/06 3GPP RAN3 Link Available This discussion paper presents the areas where

AI/ML is most applicable and can improve the

network performance for the NG RAN, more

specifically on mobility use case and its

potential impacts.

3.5.3. Patents

Partners have filed seven patents (two more than originally planned), which are listed in Table 29.

They may lead to subsequent licensing opportunities, depending on the specific exploitation

strategies of the relevant academic institutions and companies.

TABLE 29: LIST OF PATENTS FILED

# Patent Application Title Partner

1 A method for anomaly detection of cloud services based on mining time-evolving

graphs

NEC

2 AIRIC: AI-driven Radio Intelligent Controller NEC

3 Application-based queue management NBL

4 Method and system for estimating network performance using machine learning

and partial path measurements

ERC

5 Method and Apparatus for managing network congestion NBL

6 Method to transmit and receive sensing data in NR system IDCC

7 Methods for UE-based joint selection and configuration of MEC host and RAW

network

IDCC

3.6. Impact

Expected Impact 1 Validated core 5G technologies and architectures in the context of specific vertical

use cases and deployment scenarios, from high to low density regions.

The work done during the second period of the project has provided further assessment of 5G

technologies and deployment scenarios. Within INNOVALIA pilot, the distributed and shared 5G

network deployment model has been successfully used having the core network that takes care of


http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG3_Iu/TSGR3_113-e/Docs/R3-213787.zip


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the control plane 400 km away from the radio access equipment, thus validating the viability of

running low latency applications using this deployment alternative, which is cost-effective and is

aligned with the Customer Service Providers’ business strategy. Moreover, the millimetre wave band

was utilized in an industrial environment and proved to be useful for getting high data rate in high

density areas. The addition of a low latency transport network to the 5G radio and core infrastructure

implemented for COMAU pilot have been an extra asset to guarantee critical latency requirements.

The EFACEC_S and EFACEC_E pilots achieved to implement and run their 5G network in a real-life

environment, bringing the 5G coverage to the vertical premises and executing the use cases on site.

Expected Impact 2 Validated core technologies and architecture for differentiated performance

requirements originating from eMBB, mMTC, URLL use cases, notably for end-to-end slicing and

virtualization.

The second reporting period has seen the completion of the plan to design and implement a number

of technology/architecture innovations into 5Growth platform (see D2.4 [2]). These include a range

of technologies, including:

• Mechanisms to network slices to the RAN arena and hence support end-to-end slicing.

• Mechanisms to support and attain security in federation and multi-domain scenarios.

• An AI/ML platform, closed-loop, and monitoring features to aid the integration of better control

and orchestration algorithms.

• Support for next-generation virtualized RANs.

• A large number of control/orchestration algorithms, anomaly detection algorithms, and

forecasting algorithms to solve a number of problems in virtualization and slicing use cases.

These innovations achieve all the KPIs set out as a target for the platform including 1) substantial

OPEX savings attained from a more efficient use of resources, 2) provide security thanks to

embedded security mechanisms and anomaly detection algorithms, or 3) expedite the deployment

and management of (virtualized) services in the mobile network.

As expected, an appropriate validation campaign of all these innovations has been successfully

performed during this period, as reported in D2.3 [1]. The final release of the platform integrating a

number of these innovations is introduced in D2.4 [2].

Expected Impact 3 Viable business models for innovative digital use cases tested and validated across

a multiplicity of industrial sectors, including demonstration of required network resource control from

the vertical industry business model perspective.

During this second period of the project, the previously defined business models have been further

developed and each of the stakeholders in the pilots has deepened in the possible business strategies

for the exploitation of the results. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis and the validation of

these business models has been clarified and completed. This work is reported in D1.3 together with

the definition of the business layer, that is, how the verticals and the network operators define the

requirements of the service levels through the service level agreements (SLAs).


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Expected Impact 4 Impactful contributions towards standardization bodies, involving vertical actors,

for what concerns the second phase of 5G standardization. Participation of key European industrial

partners with high standardization impact is desired.

As reported in Section 3.5.1, the activity carried out in during this project allowed to provide a

remarkable number of contributions to various standard development organization (SDOs). A total

of 85 contributions have been submitted to IETF/IRTF, 3GPP, ETSI, GSMA, and IEEE. Furthermore, as

of the time of writing, 43 of them have been accepted in the corresponding body, which we believe

is also a remarkable achievement considering the substantial reduction in the number of meetings

and slowdown in decision making that the COVID-19 situation imposed. At least 8 of the partners

have been involved in the various contributions, including industrial partners, hence contributing to

the impact of such contributions in European industry. Several of the accepted contributions did not

just solve a current problem but initiated longer term work tasks that will solve issues with the

industry 4.0 verticals well beyond the project timeframe.

Expected Impact 5 Validation of relevant KPIs with services linked to specific vertical sectors. The trials

planned in the project will validate the 5G-PPP KPIs applying the 5G technologies.

Applying the mapping between Core and Service KPIs identified in the first stages of the project, the

team in charge of the validation tasks and of the execution of the different pilots have adapted and

applied the validation methodology and tools developed within the project, initially reported in D4.1

[21] and refined as shown in the successive validation deliverables: D4.2 [22], D4.3 [5]and D4.4 [6]. As

they evolved, the methodology and tooling have been applied to perform the measurements

relevant to the specific KPIs associated to each pilot. Progress in these KPIs is reported by the

validation deliverables, including a final assessment of the values obtained for the relevant use cases

at vertical premises, and of the impact of selected innovations on these KPIs included in D4.4.

Expected Impact 6 Europe 5G know how showcasing.

As presented in Section 2, an important part of the dissemination work is devoted to the organization

of events and technical demonstrations in which the results of the project are showcased. The

development and integration effort to move innovations to pilots carried out during the project

lifetime has been reflected in the multiple presentations, event organization, and technology

demonstrations in academic and industry-oriented events, both internal to the project consortium

members (e.g., with business units) and external (targeting academic and industrial organizations

working on 5Growth-related topics and products/services). More information specifically related with

industrial dissemination in its various ways is presented when discussing about Recommendation 3

from the review panel (Section 5) (incl. open source, standardization, exploitation, awards).

As a result of these activities, a total of 21 events have been organized and co-organized (and more

are under preparation), 27 technology demonstrations have been presented in renowned academic

and industry-oriented events, 50+ talks have also been given in events with a high variety of

audiences (incl. academia, industry, gender-related events, policy-oriented events). Furthermore,

multiple journals (47) and conference (34) papers have been accepted in renowned journals and

international conferences. Close collaboration with the 5GPPP through participation in the various


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working groups and the production of joint documents has also been a very relevant activity for the

project (e.g., co-editing of white papers, joint publications and demonstrations). Furthermore, this

involvement has been recognized in different ways, such as the selection of various 5Growth pilots

in the 5GPPP trials & pilots brochure (2nd and 3rd editions) and the election of our technical manager

as architecture WG vice-chair.

Communication to society at large has also been handled in the project through talks (e.g., open

science week), news, posters, social media, or lectures to graduate and undergraduate students.

Some videos of the demonstrations and pilots are available on the YouTube channel of the project.

Some of these activities have been recognized with an award, for instance, best demo runner-up

award in ACM Mobicom 2019, best Fast Track paper award in IEEE NFVSDN 2020, 5Growth received

the Madrid award on participation in European programs, 2021 Advanced Factory Finalist for best

industrial equipment for the factory of the future, best EUCNC 2021 booth award, best demo award

at IEEE SECON 2021, finalist in the 2021 ETSI MEC HACKATHON.

3.6.1. Progress towards the 5G-PPP Key Performance Indicators

Next, we summarize the progress and achievements of the project in regards of the 5Growth

contribution to 5G-PPP KPIs. Note that the KPI values defined by 5G PPP inside the table are specified

target 5G KPI values, and what we reported below are what the 5Growth project innovations and

pilots have achieved in the project on contributing to the impact on these KPIs.

Objective 1 Validate 5Growth business model (WP1)

KPIs Details on the progress of KPIs assessments

Reduce today’s network

management OPEX by at least

20% compared to today

The 5G technologies and the set of innovations developed in 5Growth have been

analyzed and validated in the designed business models geared towards achieving net

reductions in operational costs (OPEX) of over 20%. This is mainly achieved by the

reduction of the infrastructure cost by replacing cables with 5G, resulting in much less

cables and less hardware usage (because of the ability to share resources across

verticals). It also gains from an increased energy efficiency, reduction in travel (5G

enabled business cases on remote operation and remote control of machines or

devices) and faster reaction times. An overall better control of the systems in place was

explored, with benefits ranging from the economic and environmental benefits of Zero-

Defect manufacturing and more resilient systems, to saving lives because of the

prevention of train accidents.

European availability of a

competitive industrial offer for 5G

systems and technologies

The different benefits and cash flows have been explored in WP1, with collaboration

between verticals, network operators and manufacturer vendors and their customers in

Europe. The business models studied are therefore by-design analyzed to study the

industrial viability of 5G-driven systems and technologies to provide realistic solutions

to be implemented by the verticals in the short to mid-term. So far, all pilot use cases

presented and validated business models that would leverage European companies to

achieve a greater competitiveness in the vertical’s respective markets. The final business

model validation and SLA evaluation results are reported in D1.3 [10].


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Economic support of a novel range

of services of societal value like U-

HDTV and M2M applications

Several vertical pilots have defined a range of novel services including U-HDTV and

M2M applications in their use cases. In INNOVALIA Pilot, 4K video streaming with low

latency is a fundamental part for precise remote control of a CMM. In COMAU’s UC3,

eMBB is required to deliver un-interrupted video streaming to multiple users with high-

definition formats. In Efacec Sistemas’ use cases, U-HDTV transmitted through 5G

technology will allow the monitoring of train crossings in-real-time to avoid accidents.

And in Efacec Energia use cases, the HD video will allow the control of the infrastructure

and implement contingency and service restoration measures in substations. The

machine -to-machine collaboration will be specifically addressed in INNOVALIA’s

second use case, leveraging 5G for communications between the CMM and an AGV.

The use cases for Efacec Sistemas will also deploy this technology for railway level

crossing communication requirements that are safety critical for train detectors.

Reach a global market share for

5G equipment & services delivered

by European headquartered ICT

companies at, or above, 43%

global market share in

communication infrastructure

The companies participating in this project are Europeans, and thus the business

models and innovations explored would mainly benefit European stakeholder’s, helping

to achieve the goal of 43% global market share in communication infrastructure.

Objective 2 Design and develop 5Growth extensions into 5G architecture (WP2)

KPI Details on the progress of KPIs assessments

Reduce network management

OPEX by at least 20% compared to

today

The results related to the evaluation of the developed 5Growth innovations reported in

D2.3 [1] (Section 4.8 and 4.9.1.4) showed that we can meet (and exceed, during low-

load regimes) this KPI target thanks to an appropriate orchestration of network slices.

This is achieved thanks to features from Innovations 1 (RAN segments in network slices),

2 (Vertical-service monitoring), 3 (monitoring orchestration), 4 (control-loops stability),

5 (AI/ML support), 7 (next-generation RAN) and 8 (smart orchestration and control

algorithms).

The two most relevant examples are vrAIn and 5Gr-VS’s slice-sharing feature. In D2.3,

section 4.8, we show that vrAIn achieves up to 20% OPEX savings and up to 30% CAPEX

savings in next-generation virtualized RANs. In D2.3, we have shown that the slice-

sharing feature integrated we have developed for the 5Gr-VS achieves substantial

reduction in the number of CPU cores, which yields up to 20% reduction in case of low

workloads.

Create a secure, reliable and

dependable Internet with a “zero

perceived” downtime for services

provision

The SLA-preserving scaling algorithms and performance isolation techniques

developed in WP2’s Innovation 8, our anomaly detection algorithms (Innovation 9), and

the security features from Innovation 11, assessed in D2.3, sections 4.9.1, 4.9.2.2, 4.10,

and 4.12, validated this result at length.

Reduce the average service

creation time cycle from 90 hours

to 90 minutes

The enhancements developed in the platform at different levels (5Gr-VS, 5Gr-SO, 5Gr-

RL) provide an agile approach to service creation and lifecycle management. D2.3 has

shown plenty of results on this regard: see sections 4.1, 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, which validate the

ability of the 5Growth platform to create a service, and preserve its SLA, in less than a

few minutes. Features from WP2’s Innovation 1, 3, 4, and 6 contributed to this

achievement.


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Facilitate very dense deployments

of wireless communication links to

connect over 7 trillion wireless

devices serving over 7 billion

people

The focus on resource optimization in many innovations within WP2 such as Innovation

1, 4, 5, 7 and 8 contribute to this KPI by maximizing the efficiency of the available

resources, which makes networks amenable to denser scenarios. In addition, our

security, anomaly detection, and forecasting mechanisms (Innovations 9, 10, and 11),

shall help to preserve reliable services and quick reaction times upon changing events,

common in such dense scenarios. The results presented in D2.3, sections 4.6, 4.7, 4.8,

4.9, 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12, are evidence of this contribution.

Objective 3 Perform field trials and showcase vertical use cases in field trials (WP3/WP4)

Industry 4.0 - INNOVALIA Pilot


Provide 1,000 times higher

wireless area capacity and more

diverse service capabilities

compared to 2010

During the second reporting period, the INNOVALIA pilot has performed the final

validation campaigns through field trials at the vertical premises in Bilbao, Spain. The

pilot deployment for both UCs was described in D3.6 [4], Section 2.2 and Section 2.3.

The final results of UC-selected service and core KPIs evaluation were reported in D4.4

[6], Section 4.1. The relevant core KPI on data rate has been measured in both UCs.

In UC1, the peak throughput achieved in the network was measured under the existing

radio conditions at AIC premises and iperfs were run using mid-band frequency for

both Innovalia and Automotive Smart Factory (ASF) rooms. In this test, the pilot has

achieved the peak data rate of 36 Mbps between M3 and the iperf server on the INNO

VM, and up to 23 Mbps upstream to the CMM and Camera. Then the measurement

was also performed for the UC1 setup, which obtained the data rate of 10Mbps

between the probe and the M3 at the factory premises including RAN segment, while

the achieved user data rate of video streaming is at around 3 Mbps.

In UC2, throughput tests were performed with millimetre wave (mmW) radio at 5Tonic

lab. The achieved results were: (i) with carrier aggregation of six 100 MHz carriers, 1 W

per cell and standing 3 m away from the antenna: 430 Mbps DL and 40 Mbps UL; (ii)

with carrier aggregation of six 100 MHz carriers, 1 W per cell and standing 1 m away

from the antenna: 800 Mbps DL and 50 Mbps UL; and (iii) with carrier aggregation of

six 100 MHz carriers, 5 W per cell and standing 1 m away from the antenna: 720 Mbps

DL and 80 Mbps UL.

In the context of UC2 at Bilbao, iperf tests were done with the CMM device end at ASF

connected via millimetre wave (mmW) antennas. At AIC, the radio conditions were

again aggregation of six carriers, 5W per cell and standing 5m away from the antenna.

Under these conditions, and again running three parallel threads for a few minutes the

result obtained for the iperf from a client on the INNO VM to a server on a PC connected

close to the camera and CMM, was 13 Mbps. When running the iperf in reverse, the

outcome was 27 Mbps.

In the operation of UC2, the traffic between the AGVc VM and the AGV while the AGV

is UDP, and it is demanding an average data rate of 270 kbps in uplink (from the AGV

towards the AGVc VM) and 100 kbps in downlink (from the AGVc VM towards the AGV).

The tests showed that the deployed 5G infrastructure was able to support the required

data rate successfully and even allow multiple users at these rates though.


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provision

The relevant core KPI on service deployment time and latency were measured in both

INNOVALIA UCs. The final measurement results were reported in D4.4, Section 4.1.

The service deployment time achieved to deploy UC1 was in the order of 250 seconds.

This value is in line with the target set for this pilot UC. The service deployment time

increased up to around 300s in UC2, but still in line with the pilot defined targets. Both

values are also aligned with requirements of 5GPPP, reducing the service creation time

to the order of minutes.

In terms of latency, the E2E latency measured in UC1 was 210 ms (70ms +140ms)

between the probe and the M3, and 45ms for video streaming. In UC2, the measured

average E2E latency was 195ms (130 ms + 65ms).

The “zero perceived” service time has been validated by the successful provisioning

and execution of the services throughout dozens of iterations in our experiments.


Industry 4.0 - COMAU Pilot


Provide 1000 times higher wireless

area capacity and more diverse

service capabilities compared to

2010

During the second reporting period, the COMAU pilot has performed the final

validation campaigns through field trials at the vertical premises in COMAU, Italy.

The relevant core KPI on data rate was measured in UC3: Digital tutorial and remote

support. UC3 is associated with eMBB performances as the video streaming related to

the remote support use case requires the transmission of real-time video. For the

validation campaigns, an optical 5G transport network is tested in this pilot to connect

the Baseband Units to the Radio Units of the radio cells, implementing centralized RAN

architecture, where Baseband units serving several radio sites are centralized in a single

location. The pilot deployment was described in D3.6 [4], Section 3.4.

As reported in D4.3 [5], the second validation campaign has verified the network

performances in terms of throughput and packet loss on the integrated (radio,

transport, platform) infrastructure. More specifically, the second validation campaign

has measured a TCP average throughput of 789 Mbit/s in DL and 43 Mbit/s in UL. The

UDP average throughput has resulted in 855 Mbit/s in DL and 42 Mbit/s in UL. The

related graphs are reported in D4.3, Figures 35-38.

After the second validation campaign, the network has been tuned for latency

optimization while the throughput settings have not been modified. The final

throughput measurements were reported in D4.4: TCP 761 Mbit/s DL, 65 Mbit/s UL;

UDP 952 Mbit/s DL, 66 Mbit/s UL. Both the DL values are well above the target of 500

Mbit/s identified for the UC3. Besides, the packet loss has been measured as lower than

2*10-6, achieving the same performance of the second validation campaign.




provision

The relevant core KPI on latency was measured mainly in UC1: Digital twin apps. This

UC, whose architecture is described in Section 3.2 of D3.6 [4], has a strict requirement

on latency. This requirement comes from the need of having the digital twin (i.e., virtual

representation) in perfect “visual” alignment with the real robot. In other words, the

user looking at the digital twin, on a screen or in AR/VR glasses, should have the

perception of synchronization of the two robots: the real robot and its digital replica.

The requirement posed on E2E RTT latency is 15 ms as maximum. As reported in D4.4,


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the measured time for transmission over 5G was ranging from 13.3 ms to 18.9 ms with

an average of 16.1 ms. In addition, no packets have been lost during the tests. At the

same time all the jitter values have been registered in the range of 6.8ms and 6.4 ms,

with an average value of 0 ms.

This performance has practically demonstrated a perfect “perceptible” alignment of the

real robot with its digital twin inside the AR glasses. In addition to the latency

measurements, a “visual” verification of the use case from the user perspective has been

done by posing “side-by-side” the digital reproduction of the real robot and the real

robot itself to verify the perception of the real-time alignment between the virtual and

the real entity. This practical assessment demonstrates a good synchronization.


Transportation – EFACEC_S Pilot





2010

The final validation campaign was performed with field trials in the real vertical premises

at the level crossing at the Aveiro commercial harbor in Portugal. The pilot deployment

for both UCs was described in D3.6, Section 5.2 and Section 5.3.

The relevant core KPI on throughput to this pilot was measured in both UCs for both

safety and non-safety critical communications, the results were reported in D4.4,

Section 4.3. The performance of the tested 5G network at the vertical site, in terms of

UDP traffic reached throughput around 20 Mbps with neglectable losses (0,026%)

within the coverage area of the level crossing allowing the trigger conditions to activate

the video transmission to the train.

In the final test, the Site Acceptance Tests (SAT) were also performed for the real level

crossing scenario, with all software and hardware components enabled, interconnected,

and running. During the SAT tests, using the 5GAINER (Portugal 5G+IA Networks

Reliability Center) 5G network, the performance of the 5G network, in terms of UDP

traffic has reached throughput in UC1 around 90 Mbps with no losses and with a jitter

value of 0,052 ms; and in UC2 around 80 Mbps with 0,061% of lost datagrams within

the coverage area of the level crossing. The SAT test resuts have validated that the pilot

has achieved good performance values (latency, packet loss, bandwidth, and

availability) with 5G and also validated both UC1 and UC2 functionalities in the real

vertical premises, using train simulators or even real freight trains to achieve the proper

behaviour of the system supported by 5G technology, allowing to detect the proper

behaviour of the level crossing and transmit the HD video with a good quality.

Save up to 90% of energy per

service provided

For the Transportation pilot, the energy KPI is not considered as one of the service KPI

for this pilot and thus no evaluation on energy saving has been performed.

However, the solution is based on the principle that no cables were interconnected the

central site and the remote sites, since the wireless 5G technology is deployed. This

absence of cables is related either to communication cables or power supply cables,

since the remote cabinets were fed locally by solar panels. Therefore, a significative

energy safe was achieved. According with last measurements campaigns, in the Pilot

site, it is possible to obtain an energy saving of 54 Watts in a total of 243 Watts

consumed, which represents a saving of 24%.


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provision

The relevant core KPI on latency and service time in this pilot was measured in both

UCs. The detailed results were reported in D4.4, Section 4.3. The latency of the tested

5G network at the vertical premises, in terms of E2E latency between LX detectors and

LX Controller, was about 29 ms in average in both UC1 and UC2.

In addition, in the real SAT tests, using the 5GAINER (Portugal 5G+IA Networks

Reliability Center) 5G network, the performance of the 5G network, in terms of End-to-

end Latency reached 8,25 ms (average) in the UC1 and around 15 ms in the UC2, and

no packet losses were detected.

The SAT test results have validated that the pilot has achieved good service

performance values (latency, packet loss, bandwidth, and availability) with 5G and also

validated both UC1 and UC2 functionalities in the real vertical premises, using train

simulators or even real freight trains to achieve the proper behaviour of the system

supported by 5G technology, allowing to detect the proper behaviour of the level

crossing and transmit the HD video with a good quality.


Energy – EFACEC_E Pilot





2010

The most relevant core KPI on data rate of this pilot was measured in UC1 (Advanced

Monitoring and Maintenance Support for Secondary Substation MV/LV Distribution

Substation) and the final tests results were reported in D4.4, Section 4.4.1.

For the UC1, the final validation campaign was fully deployed at the vertical site (IT

datacenter and UA secondary distribution substation), as described in D3.6, Section 4.2.

As reported in D4.4, Section 4.4.1, the performances of the field trials of the 5G network

at the vertical site to transmit the data flow (in terms of UDP traffic) between the

Secondary Substation and the Control Center provided a good video streaming

experience. During the test period the service availability was 100% and no packet loss

was detected up to 10Mbps. The data rate could reach 60.0 Mbps. Even when pushing

for higher uplink data rates between 20Mbps and 60 Mbps, the rate of lost packets is

low and compatible with a good video streaming experience.




provision

The most relevant core KPI on latency of this pilot was measured in UC2 (Advanced

critical signal and data exchange across wide smart metering and measurement

infrastructures) and the final test results were reported in D4.4, Section 4.4.2.

For the UC2, the final validation campaign was fully deployed at the vertical site (UA

secondary distribution substation, and IT2 building), as described in D3.6, Section 4.3.

As reported in D4.4, section 4.4.2, the latency performances obtained in the field trials

of the 5G network at the vertical site was measured. More specifically, the Last-gasp

Information End-to-end latency between the Low Voltage Sensors (LVS3) installed in

the low voltage network and the Gsmart installed inside the secondary substation was

measured directly in the application, which was 27.94 ms in average. The Secondary

Substation End-to-end Latency was about 22.98 ms (average). The latency in the Time

Synchronization service between the LVS3 device and the NTP Server was 13.40 ms

(average), achieving an average difference of 1.21 ms (average) between LVS3 devices

when comparing each ones synchronized time.


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Overall, the latency performances obtained were good and in line with the target

objectives for this UC. Besides, no packet loss was observed, with all the last-gasp

events created in LVS3 devices being transmitted to the 5G network and received in the

Gsmart, which results in a service availability of 100%, in the conditions and period of

the test.

Objective 5 Dissemination, standardization and exploitation of 5Growth (WP5)


Generate patents Seven patents submitted

Establish and make available 5G

skills development curricula

Lectures taught at nine different postgraduate and industrial courses

Twenty-seven bachelor, master and PhD theses directly related with 5Growth research

topics


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4. Update of the plan for exploitation and dissemination of

results

Throughout the project lifetime, the communication, dissemination, and exploitation plan (CoDEP)

presented in the proposal was periodically refined according to the evolution of the project and the

activities considered of interest. The initial plan was presented in D5.1 [26], along with early

achievements. D5.2 [27] presented the achievements during the initial period of the project as well

as a refinement of the plan for the following period. D5.4 [25] provided an update of the results and

D5.7 [7] reports on all the achievements, as well as updates to the exploitation plan. It is not repeated

here for brevity. The reader is referred to the above documents.


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5. Follow-up of recommendations and comments from

previous review

Next, we enumerate all the comments received from the experts during the 1st technical review, as

included in the Review Report. We include an explanation of how we have address each of the

recommendations.

We have taken very seriously this comment by continuously assessing the situation in view of COVID-

19 impact. To cope with the delays suffered and the expected ones, the project has been extended

for 3 additional months. All the potentially impacted deadlines for deliverable submission and

milestones were revised and updated:

• New end date of WP1, WP5 and WP6 is M33. New end date of WP3 and WP4 is M30.

• Change of dates of some deliverables and milestones. Below we indicate the new dates

for deliverables and milestones. The dates have been changed in the GA.

MILESTONES Old date New date

MS20 M30 M33

MS14 M24 M25

MS17 M27 M30

MS15 M24 M25

MS18 M27 M30

MS21 M30 M33

DELIVERABLES Old date New date

D1.3 M30 M33

D3.5 M24 M25

D3.6 M27 M30

D4.3 M23 M25

D4.4 M27 M30

D5.5 M25 M27

D5.6 M28 M30

D5.7 M30 M33

D6.3 M30 M33

Recommendation 1: Reassess project delivery plan due to COVID-19 restrictions

The project delivery plan needs to be reassessed, with a realistic view of the COVID-19

delays, impact, and mitigation actions. A realistic plan for what can be delivered by the end

of the project must be devised. The guiding force should be the higher impact result delivery

in the next project phases. During the review, a potential extension of the project for 3-4

months was considered, which is seen as appropriate.


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As part of this continuous assessment, and due to the impact of the different COVID-19 waves

through Europe, we also updated our initial plan of submitting D3.5 and D4.4 at the same time, by

delaying 15 days the submission of D4.4, to focus on the final writing and presentation of results

once D3.5 had been submitted. This change was communicated to the PO with sufficient time in

advance, and it was agreed and approved this delay (without going through an official amendment).

Last, but not least, due to the impact on in-person events (still quite significant at the time of

submission of this deliverable), we decided to focus all our efforts in terms of pilot dissemination in

generating professionally recorded video materials, that will be used for both external and internal

exploitation, as well as during our final Technical Review, that was also decided to take place online

to mitigate the uncertainties of planning an in-person one.

This recommendation has been addressed by WP1, which has gone deeper into the definition of

business models for each pilot, using the Ostenwalder model (Business Canvas Model). Each section

of the model has been described in detail for each stakeholder in each pilot, resulting in a

comprehensive and clear business model.

Likewise, the KPIs and the validation methodology itself have been revised and extended. The results

have been reported in deliverable D1.3 [10].

Recommendation 2: Develop more detailed business models and KPIs

There are some concerns with the business models and their evaluation as well as the KPIs

as also described in the relevant deliverable sections. More specificity here will help the

project’s next phases e.g. validation, while it will also make clearer which exploitation and

business strategies can be realized and how. These aspects can be part of the upcoming

D1.3.


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As part of the planned activities of the CoDEP defined for the last period of the project and as a

consequence of this recommendation, the project has carried out multiple project- and partner-level

actions. The actions to raise awareness in industrial communities of the project results was already

initiated with the organization of the industry-oriented webinar entitled "Powering 5G in industry"

(together with Layer 123, a renowned organization that organizes industry-oriented events, such as

the Layer123 World Congress). Furthermore, 5Growth recently organized the exploitation workshop

entitled "Experiences from field trial about vertical industry" with slots devoted to verticals,

operators/vendors and SMEs, which represented an appropriate discussion forum to make visible

and discuss with external industrial stakeholders and end-user groups on the lessons learned

through the participation in 5Growth. The project has also been represented in several industry-

oriented events, some of them directly exploiting open-source software developed in the project,

such as an ETSI ENI PoC, the ETSI MEC Hackaton, or the OSM ecosystem day. Furthermore, the project

has continued its contributions to open-source projects (e.g., OSM), and development carried out by

partners in the project have been fed into products of some companies (e.g., the k0s by Mirantis

targeting telco edge solutions).

Participation in relevant industry-oriented events has also been common (demo from IDCC in Mobile

World Congress 2021 and another one from CTTC in Mobile World Congress 2022). 5Growth also

publicized its achievements through industry-oriented events closer to end-users/verticals (e.g., 2021

Advanced Factory, Metromeet'21). Some of these participations resulted in some

awards/recognitions (e.g., outstanding contributions to OSM for a 5Growth researcher from IT

Aveiro, finalist in the 2021 Advanced Factory Best industrial equipment for the factory of the future

for Innovalia, or finalist in the ETSI MEC Hackaton for Telcaria).

As for standardization, in addition to those mentioned above linked with open source, the SAC has

continued its supervisory and guidance activities which resulted in multiple additional contributions

to various SDOs (ETSI, IETF, IRTF, 3GPP, GSMA, IEEE) a grand total of 85 contributions of which 43

were approved. This also triggered further activities and on the standardization dissemination front,

including the creation of work tasks in 3GPP that will run beyond the 5Growth timeline. Let us

Recommendation 3: Enhance external industrial dissemination/exploitation and

standardization

The academic dissemination so far is very good. Industrial dissemination could be

strengthened, with more active strategies targeting external industrial stakeholders and

end-user groups. More detailed exploitation strategies at partner and project level strongly

linked to the exploitable project outputs are expected in the next months. Standardization

involvement so far is very good but needs to be strengthened towards sustainable impact

(potentially combined with the very good delivery of open source that is already ongoing).

Efforts should be invested to maximize the impact from the established standardization

advisory committee towards the relevant SDOs.


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highlight the contributions to the report entitled "5G-PPP Projects Impact on SDO Technical Report"

and the participation to the 5GPPP pre-standardization WG, which resulted in 5Growth being listed

as part of success story examples in this work group.

Moreover, exploitation plans by each partner in D5.7 also reflect the updates done in this direction

in accordance with the results of 5Growth with an identification of the 5Growth architectural building

block or pilot that is related with each of them.

Finally, there have been other types of events that served to raise awareness of the work done in

5Growth, such as the discussions with business units internal to partner organization or trying to

have an impact on the ecosystem of influence (such as the "empowering the future event" from

EFACEC (internal), or the event under preparation in the Aveiro Harbor also from EFACEC with the

ecosystem or the 119th techday from AlticeLabs), but external to the project. There are events jointly

organized internally among partners to find synergies towards exploitation (e.g., Ericsson-Telefonica,

Ericsson-TIM), and also events targeting a broader audience, such as the SouthSummit (session on

ecosystem-based innovation).

Some of the key results of the project are currently being introduced in the EC horizon results

platform to further enhance the exploitation of 5Growth results beyond the project lifetime as well

as in the innovation radar.

We will include a detailed explanation of how the resources have been used, linking to the actual

technical work in Section 6.2. Since the second reporting period of the project closes on February

28th, 2022, the final information of resources (PMs) used during the second reporting period (M19-

M33) will not be available before March 15th, 2022. The final version of the Periodic Report will be

complete before the deadline (April 29th, 2022), including these required explanations.

5.1. Additional recommendations

In the following, we summarize how we have addressed additional recommendations received from

the reviewers, even if not explicitly included as recommendations in the official review report.

• While some females are involved in the project and its achievements, overall the current

reports have no sufficient info on consortium efforts to achieve gender balance.

Recommendation 4: Deviations in resource usage should be linked to additional technical

work

Some deviations are identified, however, in several cases, these are treated only at the

resource level e.g. promising to add more resources to cover the underutilization. However,

the link to the additional technical work is not sufficiently described and should be

thoroughly explained in the Periodic Technical Reports.


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o The consortium has made significant efforts to improve our gender balance. Among

the different activities, we can mention the following:

▪ 5Growth active participation in the Women in Hexa-X/6G initiative.

▪ Additional activities of 5Growth female researchers in leading roles:

• Dr. Carla Chiasserini published the following paper: Women in

Networks: Dr. Carla Fabiana Chiasserini, Politecnico di Torino, Italy," in

IEEE Network, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 4-5, July/August 2021, doi:

10.1109/MNET.2021.9520377.

• Dr. Carla Chiasserini chaired the N2Women Workshop at ACM

Mobicom 2021.

• Dr. Barbara Martini was the TPC co-chair of IEEE Netsoft 2021.

• Dr. Molka Gharbaoui (CNIT/SSSA) was the TPC co-chair of IEEE NFV-

SDN 2021.

• Dr. Carla Chiasserini was general Co-chair of IEEE SECON 2021.

• Dr. Carla Chiasserini was General Co-chair of ITC33.

• Dr. Carla Chiasserini was a keynote speaker at 2nd IEEE 5G++ Online

Summit Dresden.

• Annachiara Paganois the TIM voting member in O-RAN WG9.

• Xi Li (Technical Manager of 5Growth) was elected as Vice-chair of the

5GPPP Architecture WG.

• Xi Li co-chaired of ZNSM (1st International Workshop on Zero-Touch

Network and Service Management (ZNSM 2021)) Co-located with

CNSM 2021.

▪ We also want to highlight some examples of company policies and initiatives

at partner level to enforce gender balance, such as:

• UC3M-level program to foster women engineering careers:

https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/UC3MInstitucional/en/FormularioTe

xtoDosColumnas/1371216285734/

• Telefonica is part of #LadyHacker global movement that seeks to

make visible the role of women in the technology sector and to raise

awareness among our girls of their potential to study STEM degrees:

https://mujereshacker.telefonica.com/en

• Telefonica has a workforce diversity policy, including gender balance

goals: https://jobs.telefonica.com/content/Diversity/?locale=en_GB

• CTTC has a gender equality plan as part of the "Gender equality plan

and harassment prevention protocol: http://www.cttc.es/wp-

content/uploads/2015/04/Pla-dacci%C3%B3-2021-2025-1.pdf

• A direct reference to EU funding is available in most activities, but for some e.g., GitHub

projects, this is not always sufficiently clear.

o An ACK has been included in the README.md file of each GitHub repository (Figure

36).

https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/UC3MInstitucional/en/FormularioTextoDosColumnas/1371216285734/

https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/UC3MInstitucional/en/FormularioTextoDosColumnas/1371216285734/

https://mujereshacker.telefonica.com/en

https://jobs.telefonica.com/content/Diversity/?locale=en_GB

http://www.cttc.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Pla-dacci%C3%B3-2021-2025-1.pdf

http://www.cttc.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Pla-dacci%C3%B3-2021-2025-1.pdf


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FIGURE 36: GITHUB INCLUDING A REFERENCE TO THE EU H2020 PROGRAM

o Added the reference to the project in the YouTube channel description.

o Added the reference to the project in the Instagram and Twitter descriptions (Figure

37).

D1.1. Correct statement TR-P1UC1-01 within Table 3: Technical requirements (Page 38)

o This has been fixed in a new version (v1.3) of D1.1 that we made available in the

project website.

FIGURE 37: INSTAGRAM AND TWITTER DESCRIPTIONS


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• D2.2. Some aspects could have been more detailed with respect to the technical dilemmas

and decisions made.

o This recommendation was considered in the writing of D2.4.

• D5.3. A brief explanation of demonstration activities carried out that showed good results

and proof of-concept. The details on the demonstrations are very limited and since this is a

public deliverable some more details could have been made available for the readers. Links

to the material e.g., on the MOBICOM poster (fig. 1) could have been embedded or

attached in full-page.

o This has been updated in a new version (v1.1) of D5.3 that we made available in the

project website.


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6. Deviations from Annex 1 and Annex 2

6.1. Tasks

None to report.

6.2. Use of resources

As the second reporting period of the project closes on February 28th, 2022, the final information of

resources (PMs) used during the second reporting period (M19-M33) will not be available before

March 15th, 2022. The final version of the Periodic Report will be complete before the deadline (April

29th, 2022).


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7. References

[1]. 5Growth, D2.3, Final Design and Evaluation of the innovations of the 5G End-to-End Service

Platform, May 2021.

[2]. 5Growth, D2.4, Final implementation of 5G End-to-End Service Platform, May 2021.

[3]. 5Growth, D3.5, Final version of software implementation for the platform, June 2021.

[4]. 5Growth, D3.6, Execution report of in-house use cases for Pilots, November 2021.

[5]. 5Growth, D4.3, 5G facility validation and verification report, June 2021.

[6]. 5Growth, D4.4, Final validation and verification report, December 2021.

[7]. 5Growth, D5.7, Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation achievements through the

project, exploitation plan after the, end of the project and assessment of the contribution of

5Growth in support of 5G, February 2022.

[8]. 5Growth, D1.1, Business Model Design, September 2019.

[9]. 5Growth, D1.2, Techno-economic analysis and business model validation methodology,

August 2020.

[10]. 5Growth, D1.3, Business model validation with its complemented SLA, February 2022.

[11]. 5G-PPP Technology Board & 5G IA Verticals Task Force. “Empowering Vertical Industries

through 5G Networks - Current Status and Future Trends.” September 2020.

[12]. C. Papagianni et al., “PI2 for P4: An Active Queue Management Scheme for Programmable Data

Planes”, ACM CoNEXT 2019.

[13]. C. Papagianni et al., “5Growth: AI-driven 5G for Automation in Vertical Industries”, 2020

European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), IEEE, 2020.

[14]. JA. Ayala-Romero et al., “vrAIn: A deep learning approach tailoring computing and radio

resources in virtualized RANs”, The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile

Computing and Networking. 2019.

[15]. K. Antevski et al., “A Q-learning strategy for federation of 5G services”, ICC 2020-2020 IEEE

International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE, 2020.

[16]. V. A. Cunha, et al., “Moving Target Defense to set Network Slicing Security as a KPI”, Internet

Technology letters, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1 - 6, May, 2020.

[17]. 5Growth, D3.1, ICT-17 facilities Gap analysis, October 2019.

[18]. 5Growth, D3.2, Specification of ICT-17 in-house deployment, April 2020.

[19]. 5Growth, D3.3, First version of software implementation for the platform, November 2020.

[20]. 5Growth, D3.4, Plan for Pilot deployments, November 2020.

[21]. 5Growth, D4.1, Service and Core KPI Specification, May 2020.

[22]. 5Growth, D4.2, Verification methodology and tool design, November 2020.

[23]. A. Ruete. “Communicating Horizon 2020 projects.” Available at:

https://ec.europa.eu/easme/sites/easme-site/files/documents/6.Communication-

AlexandraRuete.pdf

[24]. IPR Helpdesk. “IPR glossary”. Available at: https://www.iprhelpdesk.eu/glossary

[25]. 5Growth, D5.4, Report on WP5 Progress and Update of CoDEP, May 2021.

https://ec.europa.eu/easme/sites/easme-site/files/documents/6.Communication-AlexandraRuete.pdf

https://ec.europa.eu/easme/sites/easme-site/files/documents/6.Communication-AlexandraRuete.pdf

https://www.iprhelpdesk.eu/glossary


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[26]. 5Growth, D5.1, Initial Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation Plan (CoDEP) draft

including Standardization roadmap, November 2019.

[27]. 5Growth, D5.2, Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation achievements of Y1 and plan

for Y2, May 2020.

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