Copper Refinery - Environmental Clearance
22
Feasibility Report 1 Copper Refinery Project Feasibility Report on Copper Refinery Project Products: - 1,000,000 TPA Copper Cathode - 500,000 TPA Copper Rod - 3,000,000 TPA Sulphuric Acid - 500,000 TPA Phosphoric Acid - 30,000 TPA Aluminum Fluoride Adani Enterprises Limited (AEL) Mundra Gujarat Dec, 2018 Feasibility Report 2 Copper Refinery Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter – 1: Executive Summary...................................................................................... 11 1.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 12 1.2. Brief Description ................................................................................................... 13 1.3. Market Outlook: ................................................................................................... 14 1.4. Process Description: .............................................................................................. 15 1.5. Site Analysis: ......................................................................................................... 17 1.6. Raw Materials & Source: ....................................................................................... 17 1.7. Utilities Requirement: ........................................................................................... 17 1.7.1. Water: ..................................................................................................................... 18 1.7.2. Power: ..................................................................................................................... 18 1.7.3. Fuel Oil: ................................................................................................................... 18 1.7.4. LPG/ LNG:................................................................................................................ 18 1.7.5. Air Compressor: ...................................................................................................... 18 1.7.6. Oxygen Plant: .......................................................................................................... 19 1.7.7. Waste Heat recovery based power Plant: .............................................................. 19 1.7.8. DM Plant ................................................................................................................. 19 1.7.9. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant: .................................................................................. 19 1.7.10. Multi Effect Evaporator: ......................................................................................... 19 1.8. Proposed Infrastructure: ....................................................................................... 19 1.9. Social Infrastructure: ............................................................................................. 20 1.10. Industrial Waste Management: ............................................................................. 20 1.11. Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) Plan: ......................................................... 20 1.12. Project Schedule & Cost Estimates: ........................................................................ 21 Chapter-2: Introduction of Project & Market Outlook ...................................................... 22 2.1. General ................................................................................................................. 23 2.2. Brief Description of Project.................................................................................... 23 2.3. Need For Project ................................................................................................... 24 2.4. Price volatility ....................................................................................................... 25 2.5. Market Outlook..................................................................................................... 25 2.5.1. Copper Producing Nations and Technology ........................................................... 26 2.5.2. Consumption Pattern of Copper ............................................................................ 31 2.5.3. Usages of Copper .................................................................................................... 33 Feasibility Report 3 Copper Refinery Project 2.5.4. Factors Influencing Copper Demand ...................................................................... 36 2.5.5. Ensuring Long-Term Availability of Copper ............................................................ 43 2.5.6. Production, Trade and Consumption Scenario of Copper in India ......................... 45 2.5.7. Major Indian Producers .......................................................................................... 46 2.5.8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 49 2.6. Market Outlook for sulphuric acid: (Source Argusmedia Report) ............................ 50 2.6.1. Global Sulphuric Acid Demand & Supply................................................................ 50 2.6.2. India Sulphuric Acid Demand & Supply .................................................................. 50 2.7. Market Outlook for Phosphoric acid ...................................................................... 53 2.7.1. India Phosphoric Acid Demand & Supply ............................................................... 53 2.7.2. Demand Forecasting ............................................................................................... 57 2.7.3. Major producers ..................................................................................................... 58 2.7.4. Conclusion: ............................................................................................................. 59 2.8. Market Outlook for Aluminum Fluoride ................................................................. 60 2.8.1. India Aluminum Fluoride Demand & Supply .......................................................... 60 2.9. Market Outlook for Copper Slag ............................................................................ 62 2.10. Market Outlook for Gypsum: India Scenario .......................................................... 63 Chapter-3: Process Description ........................................................................................ 66 3.1. Process Description ............................................................................................... 67 3.1.1. Raw Material Handling ........................................................................................... 67 3.1.2. Concentrate Warehouse ........................................................................................ 67 3.1.3. Flux Storage Area .................................................................................................... 67 3.1.4. Bin Building ............................................................................................................. 67 3.1.5. Rotary Steam Dryer/ Paddle Mixer ........................................................................ 68 3.2. Smelting Furnace:.................................................................................................. 69 3.3. Settling Furnace(s)................................................................................................. 70 3.4. Pierce Smith Converter : ........................................................................................ 71 3.5. Ferro sand Cleaning Furnace (FSCF) :...................................................................... 73 3.6. Copper Scrap Melting system ................................................................................ 74 3.7. Anode furnace & Anode Casting Wheel: ................................................................ 74 3.8. Off gas handling: ................................................................................................... 76 3.9. Sulphuric acid plant ............................................................................................... 76 Feasibility Report 4 Copper Refinery Project 3.9.1. Gas Cleaning Systems ............................................................................................. 77 3.9.2. Conversion of SO2 to SO3....................................................................................... 82 3.9.3. Acid Section ............................................................................................................ 83 3.10. Oxygen plant: ........................................................................................................ 84 3.11. Refinery Unit: ........................................................................................................ 84 3.12. Precious Metal Recovery Plant (PMRP): ................................................................. 88 3.12.1. Selenium roasting process ...................................................................................... 88 3.12.2. Deselenised Anode Slime Smelting ........................................................................ 90 3.12.3. Silver electrolysis tankhouse .................................................................................. 90 3.12.4. Gold Leaching & Recovery ...................................................................................... 93 3.13. Continuous Cast Copper Wire Rod Plant (CCR): ...................................................... 94 3.14. Phosphoric Acid Plant:........................................................................................... 96 3.15. Aluminum Fluoride Plant ....................................................................................... 97 3.16. Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) .............................................................................. 98 3.17. Utilities Requirement: ........................................................................................... 99 3.17.1. Water: ...................................................................................................................100 3.17.2. Power: ...................................................................................................................100 3.17.3. Fuel Oil: .................................................................................................................100 3.17.4. LPG/ LNG:..............................................................................................................100 3.17.5. Air Compressor: ....................................................................................................101 3.17.6. Oxygen Plant: ........................................................................................................101 3.17.7. Waste Heat recovery based power Plant: ............................................................101 3.17.8. DM Plant ...............................................................................................................101 3.17.9. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant: ................................................................................101 3.17.10. Multi Effect Evaporator: .......................................................................................101 Chapter-4: Resources Consumption ............................................................................... 103 4.1. Raw Material Consumption & Source: ................................................................. 104 4.2. Raw Material Chemical Analysis .......................................................................... 104 4.3. Fuel Consumption & Source: ............................................................................... 106 4.4. Water Consumption & Source: ............................................................................ 107 4.5. Electricity Consumption & Source ........................................................................ 107 Chapter-5: Products, Byproducts & Waste ..................................................................... 112 Feasibility Report 5 Copper Refinery Project 5.1. Products and Capacity: ........................................................................................ 113 5.2. By-Products and Quantity.................................................................................... 113 5.3. Waste Generation and Quantity .......................................................................... 114 5.4. By Product Characteristics (Typical) ..................................................................... 114 5.5. Waste Characteristics (Typical) ............................................................................ 115 Chapter-6: Site Analysis & Selection............................................................................... 117 6.1. Nature of Project:................................................................................................ 118 6.2. Project Location: ................................................................................................. 118 6.2.1. Connectivity ..........................................................................................................121 6.2.2. Land Form/land Use Pattern, Use & Ownership: .................................................121 6.2.3. Topography : .........................................................................................................122 6.2.4. Existing Infrastructure: .........................................................................................122 6.2.5. Soil Classification: .................................................................................................123 6.2.6. Climatic Data:........................................................................................................123 6.3. Selection of Land for the Project site: .................................................................. 124 6.3.1. Requirements for Copper Refinery Plant Site ......................................................126 6.3.2. Criteria For Site Selection .....................................................................................127 6.3.3. Description of all the considered sites .................................................................128 6.4. Site Analysis ........................................................................................................ 130 6.4.1. Salient Features of Sites Selected for Detailed Analysis ......................................130 6.4.2. Merits & demerits.................................................................................................132 6.4.3. Site Ranking .......................................................................................................... 132 6.5. Conclusion/Recommendation ............................................................................. 133 Chapter-7: Planning Brief ............................................................................................... 134 7.1. Planning Concept ................................................................................................ 135 7.2. Land Justification of Copper Refinery Plant Complex:........................................... 135 7.3. Land Use Plan:..................................................................................................... 137 7.4. Copper Refinery Infrastructure Requirements:..................................................... 137 7.4.1. Physical Infrastructure needs: ..............................................................................137 7.4.2. Social Infrastructure needs:..................................................................................140 Chapter-8: Proposed Infrastructure ............................................................................... 141 8.1. Industrial Area (Processing Area): ........................................................................ 142 Feasibility Report 6 Copper Refinery Project 8.2. Industrial Area (Non-Processing Area): ................................................................ 142 8.3. Social Infrastructure: ........................................................................................... 143 8.3.1. Sustainable livelihood options & Women Empowerment: ..................................143 8.3.2. Education Initiatives: ............................................................................................143 8.3.3. Health Initiatives:..................................................................................................144 8.3.4. Community Infrastructure & facilities: .................................................................144 8.3.5. Natural Resource Management: ..........................................................................144 8.3.6. Youth, sports & culture: .......................................................................................144 8.4. Connectivity: ....................................................................................................... 145 8.5. Drinking Water Management: ............................................................................. 146 8.6. Sewage System: .................................................................................................. 146 8.7. Industrial Waste Management: ........................................................................... 146 8.7.1. Air Emissions: ........................................................................................................147 8.7.2. Waste Water Management: .................................................................................147 8.7.3. Solid Waste Management: ...................................................................................148 8.8. Power Requirement & Supply:............................................................................. 149 Chapter-9: Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan .............................................................. 150 9.1. Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan ..................................................................... 151 Chapter-10: Project Schedule and Cost Estimate ............................................................ 152 10.1. General ............................................................................................................... 153 10.2. Project Execution Philosophy .............................................................................. 155 10.3. PROJECT Implementation Plan (PIM) ................................................................... 156 10.4. Project Cost Estimate .......................................................................................... 159 Chapter-11: Final Recommendations ............................................................................. 160 11.1. Benefits from the project .................................................................................... 161 11.1.1. Benefits to India and State of Gujarat: .................................................................161 11.1.2. Sustainable livelihood options & Women Empowerment: ..................................161 11.1.3. Education Initiatives: ............................................................................................162 11.1.4. Health Initiatives:..................................................................................................162 11.1.5. Community Infrastructure & facilities: .................................................................162 11.1.6. Natural Resource Management: ..........................................................................162 11.1.7. Youth, sports & culture: .......................................................................................163 Feasibility Report 7 Copper Refinery Project Annexure I – Copper Refinery Location Map .................................................................. 165 Annexure II – Satellite View of the Proposed Copper Refinery Plant Location ................. 166 Annexure III : Alternate Sites Evaluated for Copper Refinery Project .............................. 167 Annexure IV: Raw Material Conveying From West Port To Copper Refinery Plant Site .... 168 Annexure V : Composite Layout for Copper Refinery Project .......................................... 169 Annexure- VI Site Meteorological Data .......................................................................... 170 Annexure VII: Plot Plan for Copper Refinery Project ....................................................... 171 Annexure VIII: Copper Refinery Project Land Break Up ................................................... 172 Annexure IX – Composite Process Flow Sheet for Copper Refinery Plant ........................ 173 Annexure X – Material Flow Sheet for Integrated Copper Refinery Plant ........................ 174 Annexure XI – Water Balance for Integrated Copper Refinery Plant (M3/Day) ................ 175 Annexure XII – List of Abbreviations: ............................................................................. 176 Feasibility Report 8 Copper Refinery Project LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Production trends in the top five copper-producing nations ................................................. 26 Figure 2: Smelting Technology Market Share ........................................................................................ 27 Figure 3: Trends in Copper Smelting Capacity, 2000 and 2021 ............................................................. 27 Figure 4: World Copper Smelter Production, 1980-2017 ...................................................................... 28 Figure 5: Copper Smelter Production by Region, 1990-2017 ................................................................ 28 Figure 6: Copper Smelter Production by Country: Top 20 Countries in 2017 ....................................... 29 Figure 7: Top 20 Copper Smelter by Capacity (basis 2018) ................................................................... 29 Figure 8: Refined Copper Production by Region, 1900-2017 ................................................................ 30 Figure 9: Refined Copper Production: Top 20 Countries in 2017 .......................................................... 30 Figure 10: Top 20 Copper Refineries by Capacity (basis 2018) .............................................................. 31 Figure 11: Refined Copper Usage by Region, 1960 versus 2017 ........................................................... 32 Figure 12: Global Status of Copper Uses................................................................................................ 33 Figure 13: Copper Consumption – India Vs China.................................................................................. 34 Figure 14: Per Capita Copper Consumption in Kg .................................................................................. 35 Figure 15: Per Capita Electricity Consumption in KWHr ........................................................................ 36 Figure 16: Power generation (TWh )in India (FY 08 to FY 17) ................................................................ 37 Figure 17: Passenger car production growth ......................................................................................... 38 Figure 18: Passenger car production vs copper consumption ............................................................... 39 Figure 19: India’s expanding infrastructure industry (US$ billion) ........................................................ 40 Figure 20: Copper Intensity of various Electric Vehicle Types (Source: Deutsche Bank estimates) ...... 41 Figure 21: UN World Urbanisation Prospects % 1950 to 2050 – Source UN ......................................... 43 Figure 22: World Copper Reserves Status ............................................................................................. 44 Figure 23: Region-wise Growth in World Copper Mine Production ...................................................... 45 Figure 24: Installed Capacity of Primary Copper Resources in India (T/Yr) ........................................... 47 Figure 25: Strong Policies support influencing Growth of Metals vis-a-vis New Investments .............. 49 Figure 26: General Distribution of Phosphate Fertilizer Products ......................................................... 55 Figure 27: Global consumption share of Phosphoric Acid ..................................................................... 56 Figure 28: India’s share in global aluminum production ....................................................................... 61 Figure 29: Identified uses” contained within the Chemical Safety Report for Slag ............................... 63 Figure 30: Concentrate & Flux Material Handling ................................................................................. 68 Figure 31: Smelting Furnace Flow Sheet ................................................................................................ 70 Figure 32: Settling Furnace Flow Sheet.................................................................................................. 71 Figure 33: Pierce Smith Converter Flow Sheet ...................................................................................... 72 Figure 34: Slag Cleaning Furnace Flow Sheet ........................................................................................ 73
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Transcript of Copper Refinery - Environmental Clearance
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
1 Co
pper
Ref
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t
Feas
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Guj
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Dec
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18
F
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Rep
ort
2 Co
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Ref
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TABL
E O
F CO
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Ch
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1.4.
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1.7.
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1.7.
1.
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1.7.
3.
Fuel
Oil:
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1.7.
4.
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1.7.
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1.7.
7.
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base
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Pla
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1.7.
8.
DM P
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1.7.
9.
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rse
Osm
osis
(RO
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nt: .
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1.7.
10.
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9
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1.9.
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1.11
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Chap
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2.1.
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2.3.
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2.4.
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25
2.5.
1.
Copp
er P
rodu
cing
Nat
ions
and
Tec
hnol
ogy .
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.... 2
6
2.5.
2.
Cons
umpt
ion
Patt
ern
of C
oppe
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F
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Rep
ort
3 Co
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Ref
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y Pr
ojec
t
2.5.
4.
Fact
ors I
nflu
enci
ng C
oppe
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and
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.... 3
6
2.5.
5.
Ensu
ring
Long
-Ter
m A
vaila
bilit
y of
Cop
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3
2.5.
6.
Prod
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rade
and
Con
sum
ptio
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enar
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per i
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dia .
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45
2.5.
7.
Maj
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dian
Pro
duce
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2.5.
8.
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9
2.6.
M
arke
t Out
look
for s
ulph
uric
aci
d: (S
ourc
e Ar
gusm
edia
Rep
ort)
.....
......
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.....
50
2.6.
1.
Glo
bal S
ulph
uric
Aci
d De
man
d &
Sup
ply .
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... 50
2.6.
2.
Indi
a Su
lphu
ric A
cid
Dem
and
& S
uppl
y ....
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.. 50
2.7.
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arke
t Out
look
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hosp
horic
aci
d ...
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. 53
2.7.
1.
Indi
a Ph
osph
oric
Aci
d De
man
d &
Sup
ply .
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.. 53
2.7.
2.
Dem
and
Fore
cast
ing .
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.... 5
7
2.7.
3.
Maj
or p
rodu
cers
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..... 5
8
2.7.
4.
Conc
lusio
n: ..
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..... 5
9
2.8.
M
arke
t Out
look
for A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e ....
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. 60
2.8.
1.
Indi
a Al
umin
um F
luor
ide
Dem
and
& S
uppl
y ....
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60
2.9.
M
arke
t Out
look
for C
oppe
r Sla
g ...
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. 62
2.10
. M
arke
t Out
look
for G
ypsu
m: I
ndia
Sce
nario
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63
Chap
ter-
3: P
roce
ss D
escr
iptio
n ...
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. 66
3.1.
Pr
oces
s Des
crip
tion
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......
......
......
.....
67
3.1.
1.
Raw
Mat
eria
l Han
dlin
g ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 6
7
3.1.
2.
Conc
entr
ate
War
ehou
se ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 67
3.1.
3.
Flux
Sto
rage
Are
a ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
67
3.1.
4.
Bin
Build
ing .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
67
3.1.
5.
Rota
ry S
team
Dry
er/ P
addl
e M
ixer
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 68
3.2.
Sm
eltin
g Fu
rnac
e: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
69
3.3.
Se
ttlin
g Fu
rnac
e(s)
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 70
3.4.
Pi
erce
Sm
ith C
onve
rter
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
71
3.5.
Fe
rro
sand
Cle
anin
g Fu
rnac
e (F
SCF)
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
73
3.6.
Co
pper
Scr
ap M
eltin
g sy
stem
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 7
4
3.7.
An
ode
furn
ace
& A
node
Cas
ting
Whe
el: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 7
4
3.8.
O
ff g
as h
andl
ing:
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 7
6
3.9.
Su
lphu
ric a
cid
plan
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 76
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
4 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
3.9.
1.
Gas
Cle
anin
g Sy
stem
s ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 7
7
3.9.
2.
Conv
ersio
n of
SO
2 to
SO
3....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 8
2
3.9.
3.
Acid
Sec
tion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
83
3.10
. O
xyge
n pl
ant:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 84
3.11
. Re
finer
y U
nit:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 84
3.12
. Pr
ecio
us M
etal
Rec
over
y Pl
ant (
PMRP
): ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 88
3.12
.1.
Sele
nium
roas
ting
proc
ess .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 88
3.12
.2.
Dese
leni
sed
Anod
e Sl
ime
Smel
ting
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
90
3.12
.3.
Silv
er e
lect
roly
sis ta
nkho
use
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 9
0
3.12
.4.
Gol
d Le
achi
ng &
Rec
over
y ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 9
3
3.13
. Co
ntin
uous
Cas
t Cop
per W
ire R
od P
lant
(CCR
): ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 9
4
3.14
. Ph
osph
oric
Aci
d Pl
ant:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 96
3.15
. Al
umin
um F
luor
ide
Plan
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
97
3.16
. Ef
fluen
t Tre
atm
ent P
lant
(ETP
) ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 98
3.17
. U
tiliti
es R
equi
rem
ent:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 99
3.17
.1.
Wat
er: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
00
3.17
.2.
Pow
er: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
00
3.17
.3.
Fuel
Oil:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
00
3.17
.4.
LPG/
LN
G: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
00
3.17
.5.
Air C
ompr
esso
r: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 101
3.17
.6.
Oxy
gen
Plan
t: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
01
3.17
.7.
Was
te H
eat r
ecov
ery
base
d po
wer
Pla
nt: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
01
3.17
.8.
DM P
lant
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
01
3.17
.9.
Reve
rse
Osm
osis
(RO
) Pla
nt: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 101
3.17
.10.
Mul
ti Ef
fect
Eva
pora
tor:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 10
1
Chap
ter-
4: R
esou
rces
Con
sum
ptio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
03
4.1.
Ra
w M
ater
ial C
onsu
mpt
ion
& S
ourc
e: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
04
4.2.
Ra
w M
ater
ial C
hem
ical
Ana
lysi
s ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
04
4.3.
Fu
el C
onsu
mpt
ion
& S
ourc
e: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
106
4.4.
W
ater
Con
sum
ptio
n &
Sou
rce:
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
107
4.5.
El
ectr
icity
Con
sum
ptio
n &
Sou
rce .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
107
Chap
ter-
5: P
rodu
cts,
Byp
rodu
cts &
Was
te ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 112
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
5 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
5.1.
Pr
oduc
ts a
nd C
apac
ity: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
13
5.2.
By
-Pro
duct
s and
Qua
ntity
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
113
5.3.
W
aste
Gen
erat
ion
and
Qua
ntity
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
14
5.4.
By
Pro
duct
Cha
ract
eris
tics
(Typ
ical
) ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
114
5.5.
W
aste
Cha
ract
eris
tics
(Typ
ical
) ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
115
Chap
ter-
6: S
ite A
naly
sis &
Sel
ectio
n ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
17
6.1.
N
atur
e of
Pro
ject
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 118
6.2.
Pr
ojec
t Loc
atio
n: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
118
6.2.
1.
Conn
ectiv
ity ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 121
6.2.
2.
Land
For
m/la
nd U
se P
atte
rn, U
se &
Ow
ners
hip:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 121
6.2.
3.
Topo
grap
hy : .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 122
6.2.
4.
Exist
ing
Infr
astr
uctu
re: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
22
6.2.
5.
Soil
Clas
sific
atio
n: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
23
6.2.
6.
Clim
atic
Dat
a: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
23
6.3.
Se
lect
ion
of L
and
for t
he P
roje
ct si
te: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
124
6.3.
1.
Requ
irem
ents
for C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pl
ant S
ite ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
26
6.3.
2.
Crite
ria F
or S
ite S
elec
tion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 127
6.3.
3.
Desc
riptio
n of
all
the
cons
ider
ed si
tes .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
28
6.4.
Si
te A
naly
sis .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 130
6.4.
1.
Salie
nt F
eatu
res o
f Site
s Sel
ecte
d fo
r Det
aile
d An
alys
is ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
130
6.4.
2.
Mer
its &
dem
erits
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 132
6.4.
3.
Site
Ran
king
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
32
6.5.
Co
nclu
sion
/Rec
omm
enda
tion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
133
Chap
ter-
7: P
lann
ing
Brie
f ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 134
7.1.
Pl
anni
ng C
once
pt ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
35
7.2.
La
nd Ju
stifi
catio
n of
Cop
per R
efin
ery
Plan
t Com
plex
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 13
5
7.3.
La
nd U
se P
lan:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
137
7.4.
Co
pper
Ref
iner
y In
fras
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts:..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
37
7.4.
1.
Phys
ical
Infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 137
7.4.
2.
Soci
al In
fras
truc
ture
nee
ds: ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 140
Chap
ter-
8: P
ropo
sed
Infr
astr
uctu
re ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
141
8.1.
In
dust
rial A
rea
(Pro
cess
ing
Area
): ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
42
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
6 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
8.2.
In
dust
rial A
rea
(Non
-Pro
cess
ing
Area
): ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 142
8.3.
So
cial
Infr
astr
uctu
re: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
143
8.3.
1.
Sust
aina
ble
livel
ihoo
d op
tions
& W
omen
Em
pow
erm
ent:
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
43
8.3.
2.
Educ
atio
n In
itiat
ives
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
43
8.3.
3.
Heal
th In
itiat
ives
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 14
4
8.3.
4.
Com
mun
ity In
fras
truc
ture
& fa
cilit
ies:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
44
8.3.
5.
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
44
8.3.
6.
Yout
h, sp
orts
& c
ultu
re: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 144
8.4.
Co
nnec
tivity
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
45
8.5.
D
rinki
ng W
ater
Man
agem
ent:
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
146
8.6.
Se
wag
e Sy
stem
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
46
8.7.
In
dust
rial W
aste
Man
agem
ent:
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
46
8.7.
1.
Air E
miss
ions
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 14
7
8.7.
2.
Was
te W
ater
Man
agem
ent:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 14
7
8.7.
3.
Solid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 148
8.8.
Po
wer
Req
uire
men
t & S
uppl
y:...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 14
9
Chap
ter-
9: R
ehab
ilita
tion
& R
eset
tlem
ent P
lan .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 150
9.1.
Re
habi
litat
ion
& R
eset
tlem
ent P
lan .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 15
1
Chap
ter-
10: P
roje
ct S
ched
ule
and
Cost
Est
imat
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
52
10.1
. G
ener
al ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 153
10.2
. Pr
ojec
t Exe
cutio
n Ph
iloso
phy
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
155
10.3
. PR
OJE
CT Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
(PIM
) ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
56
10.4
. Pr
ojec
t Cos
t Est
imat
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
59
Chap
ter-
11: F
inal
Rec
omm
enda
tions
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
160
11.1
. Be
nefit
s fro
m th
e pr
ojec
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 16
1
11.1
.1.
Bene
fits t
o In
dia
and
Stat
e of
Guj
arat
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
161
11.1
.2.
Sust
aina
ble
livel
ihoo
d op
tions
& W
omen
Em
pow
erm
ent:
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
61
11.1
.3.
Educ
atio
n In
itiat
ives
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
62
11.1
.4.
Heal
th In
itiat
ives
: .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 16
2
11.1
.5.
Com
mun
ity In
fras
truc
ture
& fa
cilit
ies:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
62
11.1
.6.
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t: ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
62
11.1
.7.
Yout
h, sp
orts
& c
ultu
re: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 163
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
7 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Anne
xure
I –
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Loca
tion
Map
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 165
Anne
xure
II –
Sat
ellit
e Vi
ew o
f the
Pro
pose
d Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pl
ant L
ocat
ion
......
......
.....
166
Anne
xure
III :
Alte
rnat
e Si
tes E
valu
ated
for C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t ....
......
......
......
......
.. 16
7
Anne
xure
IV: R
aw M
ater
ial C
onve
ying
Fro
m W
est P
ort T
o Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pl
ant S
ite ..
.. 16
8
Anne
xure
V :
Com
posi
te L
ayou
t for
Cop
per R
efin
ery
Proj
ect .
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
169
Anne
xure
- VI S
ite M
eteo
rolo
gica
l Dat
a ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
170
Anne
xure
VII:
Plo
t Pla
n fo
r Cop
per R
efin
ery
Proj
ect .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
171
Anne
xure
VIII
: Cop
per R
efin
ery
Proj
ect L
and
Brea
k U
p ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
172
Anne
xure
IX –
Com
posi
te P
roce
ss F
low
She
et fo
r Cop
per R
efin
ery
Plan
t ....
......
......
......
.. 17
3
Anne
xure
X –
Mat
eria
l Flo
w S
heet
for I
nteg
rate
d Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pl
ant .
......
......
......
.....
174
Anne
xure
XI –
Wat
er B
alan
ce fo
r Int
egra
ted
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Plan
t (M
3/D
ay) .
......
......
... 1
75
Anne
xure
XII
– Li
st o
f Abb
revi
atio
ns: .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
76
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
8 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
LIS
T O
F FI
GU
RES
Figu
re 1
: Pro
duct
ion
tren
ds in
the
top
five
copp
er-p
rodu
cing
nat
ions
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 26
Figu
re 2
: Sm
eltin
g Te
chno
logy
Mar
ket S
hare
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 2
7
Figu
re 3
: Tre
nds i
n Co
pper
Sm
eltin
g Ca
paci
ty, 2
000
and
2021
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 27
Figu
re 4
: Wor
ld C
oppe
r Sm
elte
r Pro
duct
ion,
198
0-20
17 ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 28
Figu
re 5
: Cop
per S
mel
ter P
rodu
ctio
n by
Reg
ion,
199
0-20
17 ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 28
Figu
re 6
: Cop
per S
mel
ter P
rodu
ctio
n by
Cou
ntry
: Top
20
Coun
trie
s in
2017
.....
......
......
......
......
......
.... 2
9
Figu
re 7
: Top
20
Copp
er S
mel
ter b
y Ca
paci
ty (b
asis
2018
) ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 2
9
Figu
re 8
: Ref
ined
Cop
per P
rodu
ctio
n by
Reg
ion,
190
0-20
17 ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 30
Figu
re 9
: Ref
ined
Cop
per P
rodu
ctio
n: T
op 2
0 Co
untr
ies i
n 20
17 ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 30
Figu
re 1
0: T
op 2
0 Co
pper
Ref
iner
ies b
y Ca
paci
ty (b
asis
2018
) .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 3
1
Figu
re 1
1: R
efin
ed C
oppe
r Usa
ge b
y Re
gion
, 196
0 ve
rsus
201
7 ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 32
Figu
re 1
2: G
loba
l Sta
tus o
f Cop
per U
ses .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
33
Figu
re 1
3: C
oppe
r Con
sum
ptio
n –
Indi
a Vs
Chi
na...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 34
Figu
re 1
4: P
er C
apita
Cop
per C
onsu
mpt
ion
in K
g ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
35
Figu
re 1
5: P
er C
apita
Ele
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
in K
WHr
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 36
Figu
re 1
6: P
ower
gen
erat
ion
(TW
h )in
Indi
a (F
Y 08
to F
Y 17
) .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
37
Figu
re 1
7: P
asse
nger
car
pro
duct
ion
grow
th ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 38
Figu
re 1
8: P
asse
nger
car
pro
duct
ion
vs c
oppe
r con
sum
ptio
n ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
39
Figu
re 1
9: In
dia’
s exp
andi
ng in
fras
truc
ture
indu
stry
(US$
bill
ion)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 4
0
Figu
re 2
0: C
oppe
r Int
ensit
y of
var
ious
Ele
ctric
Veh
icle
Typ
es (S
ourc
e: D
euts
che
Bank
est
imat
es) .
.....
41
Figu
re 2
1: U
N W
orld
Urb
anisa
tion
Pros
pect
s % 1
950
to 2
050
– So
urce
UN
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
43
Figu
re 2
2: W
orld
Cop
per R
eser
ves S
tatu
s ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
44
Figu
re 2
3: R
egio
n-w
ise G
row
th in
Wor
ld C
oppe
r Min
e Pr
oduc
tion .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 4
5
Figu
re 2
4: In
stal
led
Capa
city
of P
rimar
y Co
pper
Res
ourc
es in
Indi
a (T
/Yr)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 47
Figu
re 2
5: S
tron
g Po
licie
s sup
port
influ
enci
ng G
row
th o
f Met
als v
is-a
-vis
New
Inve
stm
ents
.....
......
... 4
9
Figu
re 2
6: G
ener
al D
istrib
utio
n of
Pho
spha
te F
ertil
izer P
rodu
cts .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 55
Figu
re 2
7: G
loba
l con
sum
ptio
n sh
are
of P
hosp
horic
Aci
d ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
56
Figu
re 2
8: In
dia’
s sha
re in
glo
bal a
lum
inum
pro
duct
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 6
1
Figu
re 2
9: Id
entif
ied
uses
” co
ntai
ned
with
in th
e Ch
emic
al S
afet
y Re
port
for S
lag .
......
......
......
......
......
63
Figu
re 3
0: C
once
ntra
te &
Flu
x M
ater
ial H
andl
ing
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 6
8
Figu
re 3
1: S
mel
ting
Furn
ace
Flow
She
et ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 7
0
Figu
re 3
2: S
ettli
ng F
urna
ce F
low
She
et...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 7
1
Figu
re 3
3: P
ierc
e Sm
ith C
onve
rter
Flo
w S
heet
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 7
2
Figu
re 3
4: S
lag
Clea
ning
Fur
nace
Flo
w S
heet
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 7
3
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
9 Co
pper
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Figu
re 3
5: C
oppe
r Scr
ap M
eltin
g Fu
rnac
e....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
74
Figu
re 3
6: C
oppe
r Ano
de F
urna
ce &
Cas
ting
Flow
She
et ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 76
Figu
re 3
7: G
as C
lean
ing
Flow
She
et ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 8
0
Figu
re 3
8: C
onve
rsio
n of
SO
2 to
SO
3 ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 83
Figu
re 3
9: S
ulph
uric
Aci
d Pl
ant F
low
She
et...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
84
Figu
re 4
0: C
oppe
r Ele
ctro
Ref
inin
g Pr
oces
s Flo
w S
heet
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 85
Figu
re 4
1: A
rran
gem
ent o
f Cop
per A
node
and
SS
Cath
ode
Plat
e in
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pol
ymer
Cel
l-1 ..
......
.. 86
Figu
re 4
2: A
rran
gem
ent o
f Cop
per A
node
and
SS
Cath
ode
Plat
e in
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pol
ymer
Cel
l-2 ..
......
.. 87
Figu
re 4
3: M
atur
ed C
oppe
r Cat
hode
dep
osite
d on
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pla
tes
are
bein
g lif
ted
by C
rane
for
Strip
ping
. .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 88
Figu
re 4
4: P
reci
ous M
etal
Rec
over
y Fl
ow S
heet
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
89
Figu
re 4
5: S
elen
ium
Rec
over
y ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
89
Figu
re 4
6: A
node
Slim
e Sm
eltin
g ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 90
Figu
re 4
7: S
ilver
Ref
inin
g ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 91
Figu
re 4
8: S
ilver
Ele
ctro
refin
ing
Cell .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 9
2
Figu
re 4
9: S
ilver
Gra
nula
tion
& P
acki
ng ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 9
3
Figu
re 5
0: G
old
Leac
hing
& R
ecov
ery
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 9
4
Figu
re 5
1: C
CR P
lant
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 95
Figu
re 5
2: C
CR P
lant
Flo
w S
heet
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 96
Figu
re 5
3: P
hosp
horic
Aci
d Pl
ant F
low
She
et ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 97
Figu
re 5
4: A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e Fl
ow S
heet
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 9
8
Figu
re 5
5: E
fflue
nt T
reat
men
t Fac
ility
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 9
9
Figu
re 5
6: P
roce
ss F
low
shee
t for
Inte
grat
ed C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t .....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
102
Figu
re 5
7: M
ater
ial F
low
She
et (T
enta
tive)
: Pha
se #
1 (5
00 K
TPA
Copp
er C
atho
de) .
......
......
......
......
. 108
Figu
re 5
8: M
ater
ial F
low
She
et (T
enta
tive)
: Pha
se #
2 (5
00 K
TPA
Copp
er C
atho
de) .
......
......
......
......
. 109
Figu
re 5
9: W
ater
Bal
ance
for P
hase
# 1
(Qua
ntiti
es in
M3/
Day
) (Te
ntat
ive)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
.. 11
0
Figu
re 6
0: W
ater
Bal
ance
for P
hase
# 2
(Qua
ntiti
es in
M3/
Day
) (Te
ntat
ive)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
.. 11
1
Figu
re 6
1: L
ocat
ion
map
of t
he p
lant
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
19
Figu
re 6
2: C
ompo
site
Layo
ut fo
r Cop
per R
efin
ery
Proj
ect .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
20
Figu
re 6
3: A
ltern
ate
Site
s Eva
luat
ed fo
r Cop
per R
efin
ery
Proj
ect ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
25
Figu
re 6
4: A
nnua
l maj
or ra
w m
ater
ial r
equi
res f
or p
rodu
ctio
n of
cop
per .
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
127
Figu
re 6
5: B
rief P
rofil
e of
Kut
ch D
istric
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
145
Figu
re 6
6: P
roje
ct E
xecu
tion
Stra
tegy
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 155
Figu
re 6
7: C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t Pha
ses –
Con
cept
to C
omm
issio
ning
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 157
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
10
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
LIS
T O
F TA
BLE
S Ta
ble
1: S
mel
ting
Tech
nolo
gy ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 27
Tabl
e 2:
Con
sum
ptio
n of
sulp
huric
aci
d du
ring
2012
to 2
016
(KTP
A) ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 52
Tabl
e 3:
Dem
and
Fore
cast
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d in
Indi
a (K
TPA)
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
53
Tabl
e 4:
TO
P 10
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Expo
rtin
g / I
mpo
rtin
g Co
untr
ies .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
56
Tabl
e 5:
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Impo
rt -
Coun
try
Wise
Impo
rt (K
TPA)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
57
Tabl
e 6:
Indi
a’s I
mpo
rt o
f DAP
dur
ing
2011
-12
to 2
015-
16 (K
TPA)
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 58
Tabl
e 7:
Mar
ket s
ize (d
eman
d fo
r im
port
-sub
stitu
tion)
of P
2O5
for t
he d
omes
tic p
laye
rs (K
TPA)
.....
. 58
Tabl
e 8:
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Prod
uctio
n Ca
paci
ty –
Pla
nts I
n In
dia .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
59
Tabl
e 9:
Pro
ject
ed d
eman
d fo
r Alu
min
um fl
uorid
e (T
onne
s) ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 61
Tabl
e 10
: Maj
or P
rodu
cers
of A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e in
Indi
a ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 6
2
Tabl
e 11
: Raw
Mat
eria
l Con
sum
ptio
n Q
uant
ity &
Sou
rce:
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
104
Tabl
e 12
: Cop
per C
once
ntra
te C
hem
ical
Com
posit
ion .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
04
Tabl
e 13
: Sili
ca S
and
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
05
Tabl
e 14
: Lim
e St
one
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 105
Tabl
e 15
: Qua
rtz C
hips
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 105
Tabl
e 16
: Qui
ck L
ime
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 105
Tabl
e 17
: Alu
min
a Hy
drat
e Ch
emic
al C
ompo
sitio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 10
6
Tabl
e 18
: Roc
k Ph
osph
ate
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
106
Tabl
e 19
: Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n Q
uant
ity &
Sou
rce .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
06
Tabl
e 20
: Pro
duct
s and
Qua
ntity
: ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 1
13
Tabl
e 21
: By-
Prod
ucts
and
Qua
ntity
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
13
Tabl
e 22
: Typ
e of
Was
te G
ener
atio
n &
Qua
ntity
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 11
4
Tabl
e 23
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f Gra
nula
ted
Ferr
o Sa
nd/ I
ron
Silic
ate/
Cop
per S
lag .
......
......
......
......
... 1
14
Tabl
e 24
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 115
Tabl
e 25
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f Scr
ubbe
r Cak
e....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 1
15
Tabl
e 26
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f ETP
Cak
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
116
Tabl
e 27
: Pla
nt C
onfig
urat
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 118
Tabl
e 28
: Lan
d Fo
rm/L
and
Use
Pat
tern
, Use
& O
wne
rshi
p ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 12
1
Tabl
e 29
: Site
Eva
luat
ion
for C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 130
Tabl
e 30
: Cop
per R
efin
ery
Site
Ran
king
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 1
32
Tabl
e 31
: Pro
ject
Impl
emen
tatio
n Sc
hedu
le ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 158
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
11
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 1
: EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
12
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 1
Exec
utiv
e Su
mm
ary
1.1.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
Abo
ut A
DA
NI G
roup
Ada
ni G
roup
is
one
of I
ndia
’s l
arge
st i
nteg
rate
d in
fras
truc
ture
con
glom
erat
es
wit
h re
venu
es o
f ov
er U
SD
13
billi
on,
empl
oyin
g ov
er 1
0,0
00
peo
ple
wit
h di
vers
e in
tere
sts
in
Res
ourc
es
(coa
l m
inin
g an
d tr
adin
g),
Logi
stic
s (p
orts
, lo
gist
ics,
shi
ppin
g an
d ra
il), E
nerg
y (r
enew
able
and
the
rmal
pow
er g
ener
atio
n,
tran
smis
sion
an
d di
stri
buti
on),
and
Agr
o (c
omm
odit
ies,
ed
ible
oi
l, fo
od
prod
ucts
, co
ld
stor
age
and
grai
n si
los)
, R
eal
Est
ate,
P
ublic
Tr
ansp
ort
Infr
astr
uctu
re, C
onsu
mer
Fin
ance
and
Def
ense
.
Sin
ce A
dani
was
fou
nded
in 1
98
8, i
ts r
even
ue, a
sset
s an
d m
arke
t ca
pita
lisat
ion
have
in
crea
sed
expo
nent
ially
. A
fter
cr
eati
ng
its
mar
k in
In
dia,
A
dani
ha
s ex
pand
ed i
ts o
pera
tion
in
Indo
nesi
a an
d A
ustr
alia
by
acqu
irin
g co
al m
ines
and
po
rts.
The
Gro
up h
as s
ix li
sted
ent
itie
s na
mel
y;
�A
dani
Ent
erpr
ises
Lim
ited
(A
EL)
– t
he d
iver
sifi
ed c
ongl
omer
ate
oper
ates
in a
ra
nge
of
sect
ors
such
as
co
al
min
ing,
co
al
trad
ing,
bu
nker
ing,
ag
ri-
com
mod
ity,
Coa
l MD
O o
pera
tion
s, E
dibl
e O
il R
efin
ing
& m
arke
ting
and
sol
ar
PV
cel
l man
ufac
turi
ng.
AE
L lis
ted
sinc
e 19
94
.
�A
dani
Por
ts a
nd S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zon
e Li
mit
ed(A
PS
EZ)
– t
he o
pera
ting
co
mpa
ny f
or P
ort,
SE
Z an
d lo
gist
ics
busi
ness
, whi
ch w
as li
sted
in N
ovem
ber
200
7;
�A
dani
Tra
nsm
issi
on L
imit
ed (
ATL
) –
the
oper
atin
g co
mpa
ny f
or t
rans
mis
sion
as
sets
list
ed in
Jul
y 20
15;
�A
dani
Pow
er L
imit
ed (
AP
L) –
the
ope
rati
ng c
ompa
ny f
or p
ower
uti
litie
s,
whi
ch w
as li
sted
in A
ugus
t 20
09
; &
�A
dani
Gre
en E
nerg
y Li
mit
ed (
AG
EL)
– t
he o
pera
ting
com
pany
for
ren
ewab
le
pow
er g
ener
atio
n, w
hich
was
list
ed in
Jun
e 20
18.
�A
dani
Gas
Lim
ited
(A
GL)
- th
e op
erat
ing
com
pany
for
the
cit
y ga
s di
stri
buti
on
busi
ness
, whi
ch w
as li
sted
in N
ov’1
8.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
13
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Ada
ni
Ente
rpri
ses
Lim
ited
(A
EL),
wou
ld
impl
emen
t th
e C
oppe
r P
roje
ct
at
Mun
dra,
Guj
arat
.
1.2.
BR
IEF
DES
CR
IPTI
ON
The
proj
ect
cost
est
imat
ed t
o be
aro
und
US
$ 1
.5 b
illio
n (R
s. 1
0,0
00
cro
re)
incl
udes
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery,
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r W
ire
Rod
Pla
nt,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt, A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e P
lant
, et
c. T
he p
roje
ct w
ould
be
loca
ted
in M
undr
a,
Guj
arat
will
pro
duce
10
LTP
A o
f C
oppe
r C
atho
de;
5 LT
PA
of
Cop
per
Rod
; 30
LT
PA
of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid;
5 L
TPA
of
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d; 3
0,0
00
TP
A o
f A
lum
inum
Fl
uori
de,
288
TP
A o
f S
elen
ium
, 50
TP
A o
f G
old;
50
0 T
PA
of
Silv
er;
etc.
wit
h st
ate
of a
rt e
nvir
onm
ent
frie
ndly
tec
hnol
ogy.
The
follo
win
g w
ere
the
prin
cipl
e ob
ject
ives
, kep
t in
min
d w
hile
wor
king
on
the
feas
ibili
ty o
f th
is p
ropo
sal,
�
Ado
ptin
g en
viro
nmen
t fr
iend
ly t
echn
olog
y &
Equ
ipm
ent
and
wor
king
on
redu
ctio
n of
pol
luti
on lo
ad in
air
, wat
er &
sol
id w
aste
. �
Con
serv
ing
natu
ral r
esou
rces
like
wat
er, T
herm
al &
ele
ctri
cal e
nerg
y.
�W
aste
red
ucti
on a
nd r
ecyc
ling
opti
ons.
�
Aim
ing
at w
aste
hea
t re
cove
ry t
o be
st p
ossi
ble
exte
nt b
y st
ate
of a
rt
prov
en t
echn
olog
y �
Val
ue a
dded
By-
Pro
duct
s.
Pla
nt C
onfi
gura
tion
:
Sl.N
o.
Pla
nt
Pha
se #
1
Pha
se #
2
1 C
oppe
r S
mel
ter
Pla
nt
4.5
0 L
TPA
4
.50
LTP
A
2 C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt
5.0
0 L
TPA
5.
00
LTP
A
3 C
onti
nuou
s C
ast
Cop
per
Rod
Pla
nt
2.50
LTP
A
2.50
LTP
A
4
Cop
per
Scr
ap &
E-S
crap
Mel
ting
Fac
ility
0
.50
LTP
A
0.5
0 L
TPA
5
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt
15.0
0 L
TPA
15
.00
LTP
A
6
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d P
lan
t (1
00
% P
2O5)
2.
50 L
TPA
2.
50 L
TPA
7
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
Pla
nt
0.1
5 LT
PA
0
.15
LTP
A
8
Sel
eniu
m R
ecov
ery
Pla
nt
144
TP
A
144
TP
A
9
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
A
G
old
25 T
PA
25
TP
A
B
Silv
er
250
TP
A
250
TP
A
10
Oxy
gen
(Ind
ustr
ial)
Pla
nt
48
,00
0 T
PM
4
8,0
00
TP
M
11
Was
te H
eat
reco
very
boi
ler
base
d po
wer
pl
ant
20 M
W
20 M
W
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
14
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
adva
nced
cut
ting
edg
e, s
tate
-of-
the-
art
tech
nolo
gy o
f th
e C
oppe
r pr
oduc
ts
will
giv
e su
peri
or p
rodu
ct q
ualit
y, w
hich
will
pro
vide
eas
y m
arke
t pe
netr
atio
n of
th
e pr
oduc
t in
Indi
a as
wel
l as
over
seas
.
Maj
or e
quip
men
t of
Cop
per
proj
ect
wou
ld b
e tr
ansp
orte
d by
sea
rou
te a
nd
wou
ld b
e un
load
ed in
Mun
dra
Por
t.
1.3.
MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K:
Cop
per
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
the
thir
d m
ost
impo
rtan
t in
dust
rial
met
al n
ext
only
to
iro
n an
d al
umin
ium
. C
oppe
r is
use
d in
pow
er c
able
s, e
ithe
r in
sula
ted
or
unin
sula
ted,
fo
r hi
gh,
med
ium
an
d lo
w
volt
age
appl
icat
ions
. In
ad
diti
on,
copp
er's
ex
cept
iona
l st
reng
th,
duct
ility
an
d re
sist
ance
to
cr
eepi
ng
and
corr
osio
n m
akes
it
the
pref
erre
d an
d sa
fest
con
duct
or f
or c
omm
erci
al a
nd
resi
dent
ial
build
ing
wir
ing.
C
oppe
r is
an
es
sent
ial
com
pone
nt
of
ener
gy
effi
cien
t ge
nera
tors
, m
otor
s, t
rans
form
ers
and
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y pr
oduc
tion
sy
stem
s.
The
gove
rnm
ent
of I
ndia
has
tar
gete
d 10
0%
ele
ctri
fica
tion
of
all
rura
l ho
uses
by
20
22. A
lso
gove
rnm
ent,
by
allo
win
g fo
reig
n di
rect
inve
stm
ent
in t
he t
elec
om
sect
or, h
as a
ccel
erat
ed t
he t
ele-
dens
ity.
To s
uppo
rt t
he a
vera
ge G
DP
gro
wth
of
abou
t 7%
& b
eyon
d, t
here
has
bee
n a
co
nsid
erab
le in
crea
se in
the
pri
mar
y en
ergy
dem
and.
The
aim
is a
lso
to im
prov
e su
pply
sid
e ef
fici
ency
by
stre
ngth
enin
g th
e di
stri
buti
on s
yste
m a
nd r
educ
ing
the
syst
em e
ffic
ienc
y. A
ll th
is w
ill r
esul
t in
an
incr
ease
in d
eman
d fo
r co
pper
in
pow
er g
ener
atio
n, t
rans
mis
sion
and
dis
trib
utio
n.
For
the
last
few
yea
rs, t
he in
dust
ry p
rodu
ctio
n is
gro
win
g at
a v
ery
heal
thy
rate
an
d th
e sa
me
is e
xpec
ted
to r
emai
n si
mila
r in
the
fut
ure
also
. Fo
r im
prov
ing
effi
cien
cy i
n th
e co
re i
ndus
try
sect
or,
Indi
a ne
eds
mor
e re
liabl
e el
ectr
icit
y at
ch
eape
r co
st. T
his
will
cre
ate
dem
and
for
mor
e en
ergy
eff
icie
nt
wir
es, b
us-b
ars
and
addi
tion
al p
oten
tial
in
heat
exc
hang
e pr
oduc
ts,
in w
hich
the
cop
per
is
mos
t es
sent
ial i
ngre
dien
t.
Gov
ernm
ent’
s ta
rget
of
sa
ving
th
e eq
uiva
lent
of
23
,70
0
MW
in
po
wer
ge
nera
tion
cap
acit
y, b
y in
vest
ing
in e
nerg
y co
nser
vati
on i
niti
ativ
es, w
ill c
reat
e ad
diti
onal
dem
and
for
copp
er u
sed
in p
rodu
cts,
sys
tem
s an
d ap
plia
nces
.
Ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y co
nsum
es c
oppe
r m
ore
inte
nsel
y th
an c
onve
ntio
nal
pow
er
gene
rati
on –
cop
per
usag
e pe
r m
egaw
att
hour
of
offs
hore
win
d an
d so
lar
pow
er g
ener
atio
n is
sig
nifi
cant
ly h
ighe
r th
an t
hat
for
coal
or
nucl
ear
pow
er
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
15
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
gene
rati
on.
Gov
ernm
ent
targ
et t
o ha
ve a
ren
ewab
le c
apac
ity
of 1
75 G
W b
y 20
22 p
rovi
des
a m
ajor
boo
st t
o th
e co
pper
indu
stry
.
�E
very
GW
of
Sol
ar E
nerg
y re
quir
es 6
00
0 M
T of
Cop
per.
�E
very
GW
of
Win
d E
ner
gy r
equi
res
384
0 M
T of
Cop
per.
The
auto
mob
ile s
ecto
r in
Ind
ia i
s gr
owin
g at
the
rat
e of
16
% p
.a.
and
is
expe
cted
to
have
sim
ilar
grow
th i
n th
e fu
ture
. Th
e in
crea
se i
n so
phis
tica
tion
an
d si
ze o
f pa
ssen
ger
vehi
cles
will
giv
e ri
se t
o a
high
er d
ensi
ty o
f au
to w
irin
g ha
rnes
ses.
Con
vers
ion
from
oil
fuel
to
elec
tric
ity
has
crea
ted
a ni
che
for
copp
er in
rai
lway
se
ctor
. Th
e ra
ilway
ele
ctri
fica
tion
is
cont
inuo
usly
on
rise
and
will
con
tinu
e to
ri
se in
nea
r fu
ture
gen
erat
ing
addi
tion
al d
eman
d fo
r co
pper
. Apa
rt f
rom
thi
s, a
n
addi
tion
al c
oppe
r de
man
d w
ill a
lso
be c
reat
ed i
n u
rban
mas
s ra
pid
tran
spor
t sy
stem
s m
eant
for
red
ucin
g th
e tr
affi
c pr
oble
m in
cro
wde
d ci
ties
.
The
curr
ent
grow
th r
ate
in a
pplia
nces
mar
ket
is a
bout
20
% p
.a. a
nd is
exp
ecte
d to
gro
w w
ith
the
sam
e pa
ce f
or t
he n
ext
5 ye
ars.
The
re is
a la
rge
pote
ntia
l for
im
prov
emen
t in
the
lev
els
of e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
, w
hic
h w
ould
inc
reas
e th
e de
nsit
y of
cop
per
usag
e in
the
sec
tor.
The
per
capi
ta c
onsu
mpt
ion
of c
oppe
r in
Indi
a is
less
tha
n 1
kg a
s co
mpa
red
to
3.2
kg
as
the
Wor
ld
aver
age.
Th
ere
is,
ther
efor
e,
a gr
eat
pote
ntia
l fo
r de
velo
pmen
t of
cop
per
- bas
ed in
dust
ries
in t
he c
ount
ry.
Con
side
ring
all
the
abov
e, t
he p
ropo
sal
of s
etti
ng u
p C
oppe
r S
mel
ting
and
R
efin
ing
com
plex
by
M/s
Ada
ni E
nter
pris
es L
imit
ed a
t M
undr
a se
ems
to b
e a
tim
ely
deci
sion
whi
ch c
an c
reat
e si
gnif
ican
t va
lue
to c
ount
ry a
s w
ell.
1.4
.PR
OC
ESS
DES
CR
IPTI
ON
:
Cop
per
is b
eing
pro
duce
d fr
om c
once
ntra
te r
oute
by
pyro
-met
allu
rgic
al r
oute
. Th
ere
are
vari
ous
tech
nolo
gies
ava
ilabl
e in
the
wor
ld. T
echn
olog
ies
are
maj
orly
di
vide
d in
to 2
typ
es,
such
as
Bat
h sm
elti
ng T
echn
olog
y an
d Fl
ash
smel
ting
Te
chno
logy
.
Sta
te o
f th
e ar
t te
chno
logy
will
be
used
to
prod
uce
10LT
PA
of
Cop
per
Cat
hode
at
pro
pose
d si
te. T
he p
rinc
ipal
raw
mat
eria
l for
the
pro
duct
ion
of c
oppe
r m
etal
is
cop
per
conc
entr
ate
cont
aini
ng a
bout
22-
35%
Cop
per,
25-3
5% I
ron,
28
-35%
S
ulph
ur a
nd 7
-10
% m
oist
ure.
App
roxi
mat
ely
2LTP
A C
oppe
r sc
rap
is a
lso
used
as
inpu
t to
Pro
pose
d co
pper
sm
elti
ng p
lant
and
Cop
per
Scr
ap M
elti
ng F
acili
ty.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
16
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
maj
or s
teps
in c
oppe
r ex
trac
tion
incl
ude:
�B
lend
ing
of d
iffe
rent
gra
des
of c
once
ntra
tes.
�
Sm
elti
ng
of
conc
entr
ate
in
Sm
elti
ng
furn
ace
to
prod
uce
an
inte
rmed
iate
cop
per
rich
pro
duct
kno
wn
as ”
mat
te”
cont
aini
ng 5
8 -
63%
co
pper
. �
Con
vert
ing
of l
iqui
d m
atte
to
blis
ter
copp
er (
98
- 9
9%
Cu)
in
Pie
rce
- S
mit
h co
nver
ter.
�
Fire
ref
inin
g of
blis
ter
copp
er t
o pr
oduc
e an
ode
copp
er (
99
.5%
Cu)
in
anod
e fu
rnac
e an
d ca
stin
g of
the
ano
des.
�
Ele
ctro
lyti
c re
fini
ng o
f an
odes
to
prod
uce
cop
per
cath
odes
(9
9.9
9%
C
u).
In t
he p
roce
ss o
f ex
trac
tion
of
copp
er m
etal
, Sul
phur
ic a
cid
is r
ecov
ered
as
a by
-pro
duct
fro
m t
he o
ff-g
ases
gen
erat
ing
from
the
Sm
elti
ng a
nd c
onve
rtin
g fu
rnac
es.
Par
t of
Sul
phur
ic a
cid
prod
uced
is
utili
zed
for
phos
phor
ic a
cid
prod
ucti
on a
nd
rest
will
be
sold
in t
he
Mar
ket
base
d on
mar
ket
requ
irem
ent.
Hyd
ro f
luro
Sili
cic
acid
gen
erat
ed f
rom
Pho
spho
ric
acid
pla
nt w
ill b
e pa
rtly
sol
d to
Flu
orid
e ba
sed
indu
stri
es
and
rest
w
ill
be
conv
erte
d in
va
lue
adde
d A
lum
inum
Fl
uori
de.
Alu
min
um
Fluo
ride
pr
oduc
ed
will
be
so
ld
to
Alu
min
um
man
ufac
turi
ng
Com
pani
es.
Pre
ciou
s m
etal
in
the
form
of
anod
e sl
ime
is c
olle
cted
dur
ing
elec
trol
ytic
re
fini
ng o
f co
pper
will
be
proc
esse
d to
pro
duce
Gol
d, S
ilver
and
PG
M (
Pla
tinu
m
Gro
up o
f M
etal
s) C
once
ntra
te.
Cop
per
Cat
hode
pro
duce
d fr
om C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
will
be
mel
ted
and
draw
n in
th
e fo
rm o
f C
oppe
r w
ire
rod
on c
onti
nuou
s ba
sis
from
a c
onti
nuou
s ca
stin
g an
d ro
lling
mac
hine
. Rod
will
be
of v
ario
us s
izes
as
per
mar
ket
requ
irem
ent
such
as
8 t
o 32
mm
.
Com
posi
te P
roce
ss F
low
she
et f
or C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt is
in A
nnex
ure
- IX
Was
te w
ater
gen
erat
ed f
rom
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
and
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y w
ill b
e tr
eate
d in
sta
te o
f ar
t ef
flue
nt t
reat
men
t fa
cilit
y. T
reat
ed
effl
uent
will
be
cons
umed
wit
hin
the
plan
t op
erat
ions
to
max
imum
ext
ent.
A
Rev
erse
Osm
osis
(R
O)
will
be
inst
alle
d at
the
out
let
of t
reat
ed e
fflu
ent
to r
euse
w
ater
inte
rnal
ly a
nd r
educ
e w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n. R
ejec
ts f
rom
the
RO
pla
nt w
ill
be f
ed t
o M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor
(ME
E)
to e
nsur
e th
at p
lant
will
be
Zero
Liq
uid
Dis
char
ge (
ZLD
)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
17
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
1.5.
SITE
AN
ALY
SIS:
Th
e P
roje
ct s
ite
is l
ocat
ed i
n S
irac
ha a
nd N
avin
al V
illag
es a
t A
PSE
Z, M
undr
a ta
luka
, D
istr
ict
Kut
ch i
n th
e st
ate
of G
ujar
at a
nd a
bout
9
.0 k
m f
rom
Mun
dra
Wes
t P
ort,
G
ujar
at,
(lat
itud
e 2
2°4
8'5
5.78
"N a
nd l
ongi
tude
6
9°3
4'3
2.0
2"E
pr
ojec
t ar
ea c
ente
r ap
prox
.).Th
e vi
llage
is
acce
ssib
le b
y ro
ad f
rom
NH
-8A
wit
h ex
tens
ion
betw
een
G
andh
idha
m a
nd M
andv
i tow
ns. P
lant
is lo
cate
d ne
xt t
o S
tate
Hig
hway
.
The
site
is
wel
l co
nnec
ted
by t
he N
atio
nal
/ S
tate
Hig
hway
s, b
road
gau
ge r
ail
link
and
is a
bout
3.0
km
aw
ay f
rom
the
Nav
inal
rai
lway
Sta
tion
. T
he n
eare
st
airp
ort
is B
huj A
irpo
rt lo
cate
d at
a d
ista
nce
of 6
5 km
s fr
om t
he p
roje
ct s
ite.
The
ne
ares
t ra
ilway
sta
tion
is
Adi
pur/
Gan
dhid
ham
, w
hich
is
abou
t 6
3 km
s fr
om
proj
ect
site
and
nea
rest
tow
n is
Mu
ndra
whi
ch i
s ab
out
15.0
km
s fr
om t
he
proj
ect
site
. Th
e na
tion
al h
ighw
ay N
H-8
A i
s pa
ssin
g at
abo
ut 1
0.0
km
s aw
ay
from
the
sit
e. S
tate
Hig
hway
SH
-6 i
s ad
jace
nt a
t no
rth
of p
ropo
sed
site
. Th
e si
te is
wel
l con
nect
ed w
ith
Ahm
edab
ad c
ity
loca
ted
at a
bout
46
0 k
ms.
The
area
ear
mar
ked
for
prop
osed
Cop
per
plan
t is
ow
ned
by A
PS
EZL
and
is f
ree
from
any
hum
an a
ctiv
ity.
The
re i
s no
iss
ue o
f R
ehab
ilita
tion
& R
eset
tlem
ent
need
. A
roun
d 6
34 a
cre
land
wou
ld b
e re
quir
ed f
or e
ntir
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
inc
ludi
ng i
ts G
reen
belt
(33
% o
f to
tal
land
). T
he i
dent
ifie
d la
nd i
s no
t an
agr
icul
tura
l la
nd a
nd h
as a
lrea
dy b
een
desi
gnat
ed/
reco
rded
as
indu
stri
al
land
. Lan
d fo
r di
ffer
ent
corr
idor
s (P
ower
/ R
oad/
Raw
Mat
eria
l Con
veyo
r) w
ould
be
add
itio
nal.
Ther
e is
no
sign
ific
ant
vege
tati
on o
r ha
bita
tion
in t
he p
roje
ct s
ite.
The
nea
rest
si
gnif
ican
t fe
atur
es f
rom
the
pro
ject
sit
e ar
e 4
620
MW
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt a
nd
Tata
Pow
er (
Wes
tern
sid
e of
pro
ject
are
a), a
nd W
est
Por
t of
AP
SE
ZL (
Sou
th –
w
est
dire
ctio
n fr
om p
roje
ct).
The
vill
ages
whi
ch a
re i
n cl
ose
prox
imit
y to
th
e pr
ojec
t si
te a
re S
irac
ha a
nd N
avin
al.
From
Sou
th W
est
to N
orth
Eas
t m
ajor
ity
of a
rea
is o
f A
PS
EZL
whe
re w
est
port
is
als
o lo
cate
d..
The
land
is
havi
ng u
ndu
lati
ons
and
min
or g
radi
ng w
ill b
e re
quir
ed.
1.6
.RA
W M
ATE
RIA
LS &
SO
UR
CE:
The
maj
or r
aw m
ater
ial r
equi
red
for
Cop
per
smel
ter
is C
oppe
r C
once
ntra
te a
nd
Roc
k P
hosp
hate
for
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d pl
ant
will
be
impo
rted
thr
ough
Mun
dra
Por
t. R
est
of t
he r
aw m
ater
ial a
nd p
roce
ss c
onsu
mab
les
will
be
sour
ced
larg
ely
thro
ugh
dom
esti
c m
arke
t.
1.7.
UTI
LITI
ES R
EQU
IREM
ENT:
Follo
win
g ut
ility
item
s ar
e co
nsid
ered
.
a)P
ower
– In
com
ing
Su
bsta
tion
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
18
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
b)R
equi
red
Fuel
Oil
supp
ly s
yste
m
c)LN
G/L
PG
d)
Pro
cess
air
com
pres
sor
e)
Air
Sep
arat
ion
Pla
nt f
or O
xyge
n &
Nit
roge
n pr
oduc
tion
f)
Req
uire
d E
lect
rica
l & In
stru
men
tati
on
g)W
aste
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Bas
ed P
ower
Pla
nt
h)R
equi
red
Raw
wat
er s
tora
ge f
acili
ty.
i)D
M P
lant
j)
RO
Pla
nt,
k)M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor,
etc
1.7.
1.W
ATE
R:
The
Req
uire
men
t W
ater
for
the
pla
nt h
as b
een
esti
mat
ed a
rou
nd 3
2,8
00
M
3/D
ay.
M/s
. A
dani
Por
ts &
Spe
cial
Eco
nom
ic Z
one
Lim
ited
(A
PS
EZL
) w
ill b
e su
pply
ing
the
tota
l wat
er r
equi
rem
ent
for
the
plan
t .
1.7.
2.P
OW
ER:
The
tota
l est
imat
ed p
ower
req
uire
men
t fo
r C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt is
30
0
MW
out
of
whi
ch 4
0 M
W w
ould
be
gene
rate
d fr
om i
nter
nal
pro
cess
st
eam
and
bal
ance
26
0 M
W p
ower
wou
ld b
e so
urce
d fr
om A
PS
EZL
th
roug
h M
/s. M
undr
a U
tilit
y P
vt L
td.
1.7.
3.FU
EL O
IL:
Fuel
oil
stor
age
faci
lity
will
be
built
as
per
requ
irem
ent
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
guid
elin
es f
rom
Pet
role
um &
Exp
losi
ves
Saf
ety
Org
anis
atio
n (P
ES
O).
C
apac
ity
of t
he s
yste
m w
ill b
e ba
sed
on t
he d
esig
n re
quir
emen
t af
ter
fina
lizat
ion
of t
he e
ngi
neer
ing.
1.7.
4.
LPG
/ LN
G:
LPG
/LN
G s
tora
ge f
acili
ty w
ill b
e bu
ilt a
s pe
r re
quir
emen
t in
acc
orda
nce
wit
h gu
idel
ines
fro
m P
etro
leum
& E
xplo
sive
s S
afet
y O
rgan
isat
ion
(PE
SO
).
Cap
acit
y of
the
sys
tem
will
be
base
d on
the
des
ign
requ
irem
ent
afte
r fi
naliz
atio
n of
the
en
gine
erin
g.
1.7.
5.A
IR C
OM
PR
ESSO
R:
A
ded
icat
ed a
ir c
ompr
esso
r st
atio
n w
ill in
stal
led
to s
uppl
y pr
oces
s ai
r as
w
ell
as m
oist
ure
free
air
as
Inst
rum
ent
air
for
oper
atio
n of
pne
umat
ic
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
19
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
base
d in
stru
men
ts.
Cap
acit
y of
the
sys
tem
will
be
base
d on
the
des
ign
re
quir
emen
t af
ter
fin
aliz
atio
n of
the
eng
inee
ring
.
1.7.
6.
OX
YG
EN P
LAN
T:
2 O
xyge
n P
lant
s ea
ch
of
160
0
TPD
C
apac
ity
deliv
erin
g 9
5%
puri
ty
Oxy
gen
will
be
set
up f
or C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
requ
irem
ent.
1.7.
7.W
AS
TE H
EAT
REC
OV
ERY
BA
SED
PO
WER
PLA
NT:
Wit
h fo
cus
on r
ecov
ery
of h
eat
ener
gy, w
aste
hea
t re
cove
ry b
ased
pow
er
plan
t w
ith
~4
0 M
W c
apac
ity
will
be
inst
alle
d.
1.7.
8.
DM
PLA
NT
A
ded
icat
ed D
M p
lant
will
be
set
up t
o fu
lfill
the
req
uire
men
t of
pla
nts
such
as
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Ta
nk H
ouse
, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, C
onti
nuou
s C
ast
Cop
per
Rod
Pla
nt, e
tc.
1.7.
9.
REV
ERS
E O
SM
OSI
S (
RO
) P
LAN
T:
A
dedi
cate
d R
O
plan
t w
ill
be
inst
alle
d at
th
e do
wn
stre
am
of
the
prop
osed
Eff
luen
t Tr
eatm
ent
Pla
nt.
This
will
hel
p to
reu
se a
nd r
ecyc
le
the
trea
ted
wat
er e
ffec
tive
ly w
ithi
n th
e pl
ant
requ
irem
ent.
1.7.
10.
MU
LTI E
FFEC
T EV
AP
OR
ATO
R:
Rej
ects
fro
m t
he R
O p
lant
will
be
fed
to M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor
(ME
E)
to
ensu
re t
hat
plan
t w
ill b
e Ze
ro L
iqui
d D
isch
arge
(ZL
D)
1.8
.PR
OP
OSE
D IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E:
The
prop
osed
Cop
per
Pla
nt o
f A
dani
Ent
erpr
ises
Lim
ited
wou
ld r
equi
re a
to
tal
land
are
a of
634
Acr
es (
~ 2
56 H
ecta
res)
. Th
is a
rea
is b
ased
on
a pl
ot p
lan
of C
oppe
r P
lant
as
Ann
exur
e V
II w
hich
has
bee
n de
velo
ped
taki
ng
into
ac
coun
t th
e C
oppe
r P
lant
fa
cilit
y pr
oces
s,
the
site
in
fras
truc
ture
req
uire
men
t an
d ex
tern
al i
nter
face
s. T
hese
are
as w
ill b
e fi
rmed
up
w
ith
ongo
ing
engi
neer
ing
stud
ies
to
suit
th
e fa
cilit
y’s
oper
atin
g co
ndit
ions
, co
nstr
ucti
on a
nd m
aint
enan
ce p
hilo
soph
ies
and
stor
age
requ
irem
ents
.
Cop
per
Pla
nt a
rea
wou
ld c
ompr
ise
of f
acili
ties
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, C
oppe
r S
crap
& E
- S
crap
Mel
ting
Fac
ility
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery,
Cop
per
Rod
Pla
nt,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
20
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Pla
nt,
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
Pla
nt,
Was
te w
ater
Tre
atm
ent
Faci
lity,
Was
te
Hea
t re
cove
ry b
ased
pow
er p
lant
, Air
Sep
arat
ion
Pla
nt, e
tc.
The
Cop
per
Pla
nt
Infr
astr
uctu
re
incl
udes
fa
cilit
ies
like
Raw
m
ater
ial
Sto
rage
are
a,
Cop
per
Sla
g (I
ron
Sili
cate
/ Fe
rro
San
d) &
Ph
osph
o G
ypsu
m
Sto
rage
A
rea,
S
ecu
red
Land
fi
ll fo
r st
orag
e of
H
azar
dous
W
aste
, P
ipel
ines
, R
oad/
Dra
inag
e,
Pip
e R
acks
/Tre
nche
s &
C
able
Tr
ays,
B
uffe
r Zo
ne,
Non
P
lant
B
uild
ings
, La
bora
tori
es,
Fabr
icat
ion
Yar
d,
Dis
patc
h S
ecti
on,
Gen
eral
st
ores
/ W
areh
ouse
, Fi
re
&
Saf
ety
Dep
artm
ent,
M
aint
enan
ce W
orks
hop,
Occ
upat
iona
l Hea
lth
Cen
ter
etc.
A
rea
for
gree
nbel
t de
velo
pmen
t as
per
pre
vaili
ng s
tatu
tory
gui
delin
es
from
GS
PC
B/C
PC
B/
MO
EF
will
als
o be
pro
vide
d.
1.9
.SO
CIA
L IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E:
AE
L be
lieve
s th
at a
n ef
fect
ive
grow
th p
olic
y m
ust
also
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt
the
fulf
illm
ent
of b
asic
nee
ds o
f th
e m
asse
s, e
spec
ially
of
thos
e liv
ing
in
rura
l are
as.
AE
L ha
s on
e of
the
bes
t so
cial
inf
rast
ruct
ure
prop
osal
s w
hich
are
bas
ed
on t
he i
mpl
emen
tati
on a
lrea
dy d
one
by A
dani
Gro
up a
t M
undr
a, i
n th
e co
re a
rea
of H
ealt
h, E
duca
tion
, Sus
tain
able
liv
elih
ood
opti
ons
& w
omen
em
pow
erm
ent,
C
omm
unit
y in
fras
truc
ture
, Y
outh
sp
ort
&
cult
ural
ac
tivi
ties
, Cal
amit
y m
anag
emen
t. A
EL
is s
tric
tly
com
mit
ted
and
is g
oing
to
im
plem
ent
the
prop
osal
to
up
lift
the
soci
al
infr
astr
uctu
re
surr
ound
ings
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
lant
are
a.
1.10
.IN
DU
STR
IAL
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT:
Sta
te o
f A
rt f
acili
ty w
ill b
e in
stal
led
wit
h a
focu
s on
the
fol
low
ing:
a.
Usa
ge o
f A
dvan
ced
and
Pro
ven
Tech
nolo
gy
b.R
educ
ed S
olid
was
te G
ener
atio
n
c.V
alue
fro
m W
aste
d.
Rec
yclin
g an
d R
euse
s e.
Sto
rage
of
was
te in
line
wit
h C
PC
B/G
SP
CB
/MoE
F gu
idel
ines
.
1.11
.R
EHA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N A
ND
RES
ETTL
EMEN
T (R
&R
) P
LAN
:
Sin
ce t
he e
ntir
e la
nd is
vac
ant,
hen
ce n
o di
spla
cem
ent
and
reha
bilit
atio
n of
loca
l pop
ulat
ion
is e
nvis
aged
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
21
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
1.12
.P
RO
JEC
T SC
HED
ULE
& C
OST
EST
IMA
TES:
Impl
emen
tati
on s
ched
ule
for
Cop
per
Pla
nt p
ost
all t
he r
elev
ant
appr
oval
s an
d co
nsen
ts w
ill b
e 36
Mon
ths.
The
tota
l est
imat
ed p
roje
ct C
ost
of t
he C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
proj
ect
is a
roun
d 1.
5 B
illio
n U
SD
(10
,00
0 C
r.).
Aro
und
200
0 p
eopl
e w
ould
be
dire
ctly
em
ploy
ed d
urin
g op
erat
ion
of t
he
plan
t. A
roun
d 30
00
peo
ple
wou
ld b
e re
quir
ed d
urin
g co
nstr
ucti
on p
hase
of
the
pro
ject
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
22
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-2: I
NTR
OD
UC
TIO
N O
F
PR
OJE
CT
& M
AR
KET
OU
TLO
OK
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
23
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 2
Intr
oduc
tion
of
Pro
ject
&
Mar
ket
Out
look
2.1.
GEN
ERA
L
Met
al
indu
stry
fo
rms
an
indi
spen
sabl
e pa
rt
of
the
econ
omy
and
it
is
cons
ider
ed t
o be
the
bac
kbon
e of
the
indu
stri
al d
evel
opm
ent
of a
ny c
ount
ry.
Met
al i
s th
e cr
ucia
l sec
tor
for
any
econ
omy
as i
t m
eets
the
req
uire
men
ts o
f va
riou
s ot
her
sect
ors.
Sin
ce it
is a
cor
e se
ctor
, it
trac
ks t
he o
vera
ll gr
owth
of
the
econ
omy
in t
he l
ong
term
. Th
e m
etal
ind
ustr
y ca
n be
div
ided
int
o tw
o m
ain
segm
ents
:
1.Fe
rrou
s M
etal
s –
a.Th
ey p
rim
arily
con
sist
of
iron
and
dif
fere
nt
vari
etie
s of
ste
el
b.D
eman
d of
su
ch
met
als
mai
nly
com
es
from
au
tom
obile
an
d co
nstr
ucti
on s
ecto
rs
2.N
on F
erro
us M
etal
s –
a.Th
ey c
onsi
st o
f al
umin
um, c
oppe
r, zi
nc, l
ead,
nic
kel a
nd t
in
b.D
eman
d fo
r th
ese
met
als
com
es f
rom
sec
tors
suc
h as
aut
omob
iles,
ag
ricu
ltur
e, r
ailw
ays,
tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion,
con
stru
ctio
n an
d ch
emic
als
2.2.
BR
IEF
DES
CR
IPTI
ON
OF
PR
OJE
CT
The
proj
ect
cost
est
imat
ed t
o be
aro
und
US
$ 1
.5 b
illio
n (R
s. 1
0,0
00
cro
re)
incl
udes
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery,
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r W
ire
Rod
Pla
nt,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt, A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e P
lant
, et
c. T
he p
roje
ct w
ould
be
loca
ted
in M
undr
a,
Guj
arat
will
pro
duce
10
LTP
A o
f C
oppe
r C
atho
de; 5
LTP
A o
f C
oppe
r R
od; 3
0LT
PA
of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid;
5LT
PA
of
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d; 3
0,0
00
TPA
of
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide,
50
TPA
of
Gol
d; 5
00
TPA
of
Silv
er;
etc
wit
h st
ate
of a
rt e
nvir
onm
ent
frie
ndly
te
chno
logy
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
24
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
2.3.
NEE
D F
OR
PR
OJE
CT
Cop
per
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
the
thir
d m
ost
impo
rtan
t in
dust
rial
met
al n
ext
only
to
iron
and
alu
min
ium
. Th
e su
peri
or p
rope
rtie
s of
cop
per
such
as
its
benc
hmar
k in
el
ectr
ical
an
d th
erm
al
cond
ucti
vity
, w
itho
ut
sacr
ific
ing
perf
orm
ance
and
ene
rgy
effi
cien
cy, m
ake
it v
alua
ble
acro
ss in
dust
ries
. Th
e av
erag
e ex
pect
ed g
row
th o
f th
e co
nstr
ucti
on in
dust
ry o
f ap
prox
imat
ely
7% t
o 9
% w
ill c
onti
nue
to d
rive
the
dem
and
for
copp
er b
uild
ing
wir
es.
Impr
ovem
ent
in l
ivin
g st
anda
rds
on a
ccou
nt o
f pe
r ca
pita
l in
com
e gr
owth
w
ill in
crea
se t
he d
ensi
ty o
f co
pper
usa
ge in
bui
ldin
g w
ires
as
wel
l. Th
e go
vern
men
t of
Indi
a ha
s ta
rget
ed 1
00
% e
lect
rifi
cati
on o
f al
l rur
al h
ouse
s by
20
22. A
lso
gove
rnm
ent
by a
llow
ing
fore
ign
dire
ct in
vest
men
t in
the
sec
tor
of t
elec
om h
as a
ccel
erat
ed t
he t
ele-
dens
ity.
The
tel
e-de
nsit
y an
d br
oadb
and
conn
ecti
vity
of
10
m
illio
n su
bscr
iber
s (t
arge
ted)
w
ill
crea
te
a hu
ge
oppo
rtun
ity
for
copp
er in
Indi
a.
To s
uppo
rt t
he a
vera
ge G
DP
gro
wth
of
abou
t 7%
dur
ing
the
last
3 y
ears
the
re
has
been
a c
onsi
dera
ble
incr
ease
in
prim
ary
ener
gy d
eman
d. T
he g
row
th i
n
seco
ndar
y so
urce
suc
h as
ele
ctri
city
was
mor
e th
an 1
0%
. Th
e ai
m i
s al
so t
o im
prov
e su
pply
sid
e ef
fici
ency
by
stre
ngth
enin
g th
e di
stri
buti
on s
yste
m a
nd
redu
cing
the
sys
tem
eff
icie
ncy.
All
this
will
res
ult
in a
n in
crea
se i
n de
man
d fo
r co
pper
in p
ower
gen
erat
ion,
tra
nsm
issi
on a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion.
Fo
r th
e la
st 3
yea
rs, t
he in
dust
ry p
rodu
ctio
n is
gro
win
g at
an
aver
age
rate
of
6%
to
8%
. Th
e gr
owth
rat
e is
exp
ecte
d to
rem
ain
sim
ilar
in t
he f
utur
e. F
or
impr
ovin
g ef
fici
ency
in
the
core
ind
ustr
y se
ctor
, In
dia
need
s m
ore
relia
ble
elec
tric
ity
at c
heap
er c
ost.
Thi
s w
ill c
reat
e de
man
d fo
r m
ore
ener
gy e
ffic
ient
w
ires
, bu
s-ba
rs a
nd a
ddit
iona
l po
tent
ial
in h
eat
exch
ange
pro
duct
s, w
hich
w
ill c
reat
e an
add
itio
nal d
eman
d of
cop
per.
Th
e G
ovt.
tar
get
to p
rodu
ce 2
27 G
W o
f re
new
able
ene
rgy
by 2
022
, pro
vide
s an
un
prec
eden
ted
oppo
rtun
ity
for
copp
er
mar
ket
grow
th
in
Indi
a.
The
rene
wab
le
ener
gy
is
know
n to
co
nsum
e m
ore
quan
tity
of
co
pper
pe
r m
egaw
att
as c
ompa
red
to t
radi
tion
al t
herm
al b
ased
pow
er p
lant
s �
Eve
ry G
W o
f S
olar
Ene
rgy
requ
ires
60
00
MT
of C
oppe
r &
�
Eve
ry G
W o
f W
ind
En
ergy
req
uire
s 38
40
MT
of C
oppe
r.
�E
very
GW
of
Ther
mal
Ene
rgy
requ
ires
10
00
MT
of C
oppe
r.
Ano
ther
se
ctor
, w
hich
w
ill
lead
a
mas
sive
de
man
d fo
r co
pper
is
th
e au
tom
obile
sec
tor,
part
icul
arly
the
bat
tery
ope
rate
d el
ectr
ic v
ehic
les
(EV
s)..
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
25
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
incr
ease
in s
ophi
stic
atio
n an
d si
ze o
f pa
ssen
ger
vehi
cles
will
giv
e ri
se t
o a
high
er d
ensi
ty o
f au
to w
irin
g ha
rnes
ses.
Th
e el
ectr
ic v
ehic
le is
to
ente
r it
s st
rong
est
phas
e ev
er in
the
nex
t de
cade
&
is e
stim
ated
to
repl
ace
all
the
exis
ting
veh
icle
s ba
sed
on t
he t
radi
tion
al
fuel
s. T
he I
ndia
n go
vt.
targ
et t
o ac
hiev
e 30
% o
f al
l ve
hicl
es t
o be
ele
ctri
c ve
hicl
e w
ill b
e a
maj
or b
oost
to
the
copp
er i
ndus
try
as t
he E
Vs
cons
umes
m
ore
than
6 t
imes
of
copp
er p
er v
ehic
le a
s co
mpa
red
to t
he e
xist
ing
inte
rnal
co
mbu
stib
le (
IC)
engi
ne v
ehic
les.
C
onve
rsio
n fr
om o
il fu
el t
o el
ectr
icit
y ha
s cr
eate
d a
nich
e fo
r co
pper
in
ra
ilway
sec
tor.
The
rai
lway
ele
ctri
fica
tion
will
con
tinu
e in
nex
t 5
year
s.
Add
itio
nal c
oppe
r de
man
d w
ill a
lso
be c
reat
ed in
urb
an m
ass
rapi
d tr
ansp
ort
to r
educ
e th
e tr
affi
c pr
oble
m in
cro
wde
d ci
ties
. Th
e cu
rren
t gr
owth
ra
te
in
appl
ianc
es
mar
ket
is
abou
t 20
%
pa
and
is
expe
cted
to
grow
wit
h sa
me
pace
for
the
nex
t 5
year
s. T
here
is
a la
rge
pote
ntia
l fo
r im
prov
emen
t in
the
lev
els
of e
nerg
y ef
fici
ency
, w
hich
wou
ld
incr
ease
the
den
sity
of
copp
er u
sage
in t
he
sect
or.
The
per
capi
ta c
onsu
mpt
ion
of c
oppe
r in
Indi
a is
less
tha
n 1
kg a
s co
mpa
red
to 3
.2 k
g as
the
Wor
ld a
vera
ge.
Ther
e is
, th
eref
ore,
a g
reat
pot
enti
al f
or
deve
lopm
ent
of c
oppe
r -
base
d in
dust
ries
in
the
coun
try.
In
view
of
the
abov
e; t
he p
ropo
sal o
f se
ttin
g up
Cop
per
Sm
elti
ng a
nd R
efin
ing
capa
city
by
M/s
Ada
ni E
nter
pris
es L
imit
ed a
t M
undr
a is
the
mos
t ap
prop
riat
e an
d a
tim
ely
deci
sion
.
2.4
.PR
ICE
VO
LATI
LITY
The
vola
tilit
y of
the
Cop
per
pric
e w
ill n
ot h
ave
any
maj
or i
mpa
ct o
n th
e pr
ojec
t, a
s pr
ojec
t is
dev
elop
ed o
n C
usto
m b
ased
sm
elte
r ba
sis.
Hen
ce L
ME
P
rice
of
the
copp
er w
ill b
e ne
utra
l as
we
will
be
secu
ring
our
selv
es w
ith
back
to
bac
k he
dge.
2.5.
MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K
Use
of
copp
er h
as i
ncre
ased
sig
nifi
cant
ly a
nd i
s fo
und
in a
vas
t ra
nge
of
appl
icat
ions
ran
ging
fro
m b
rass
mus
ical
ins
trum
ents
to
elec
tric
al w
irin
g,
elec
tric
dyn
amos
, an
d so
lar
cells
.
Cop
per
conc
entr
ate
is t
ypic
ally
fur
ther
ref
ined
and
for
med
int
o ca
thod
es,
whi
ch a
re t
ypic
ally
up
to 9
9.9
9%
pur
e co
pper
. Th
ese
cath
odes
are
the
n
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
26
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
ship
ped
to m
ills
or f
ound
ries
to
be f
orm
ed in
to o
ne o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
form
s: (
1)
wir
e ro
d, (
2) b
illet
, (3)
cak
e, o
r (4
) in
got.
Cop
per
is a
lso
com
bine
d w
ith
othe
r m
etal
s to
for
m c
oppe
r al
loys
, w
hich
inc
lude
bro
nze
(cop
per
and
tin)
, br
ass
(cop
per
and
zinc
), an
d co
pper
/nic
kel a
lloys
.
The
sout
hern
mos
t co
untr
y in
Sou
th A
mer
ica
is C
hile
, w
hich
pro
duce
s as
m
uch
copp
er a
s th
e ne
xt 5
larg
est
copp
er p
rodu
cing
cou
ntri
es c
ombi
ned
(i.e
. C
hina
, Per
u, U
SA
, Aus
tral
ia a
nd Z
ambi
a.)
As
men
tion
ed C
hile
acc
ount
s fo
r ov
er o
ne t
hird
of
wor
ld's
cop
per
prod
ucti
on
follo
wed
by
Chi
na, P
eru,
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
Aus
tral
ia, I
ndon
esia
, Zam
bia,
Can
ada
and
Pol
and.
Maj
or e
xpor
ters
of
copp
er o
res
and
conc
entr
ates
are
Chi
le, P
eru,
In
done
sia,
Aus
tral
ia,
Can
ada,
Bra
zil,
Kaz
akhs
tan,
Uni
ted
Sta
tes,
Arg
enti
na
and
Mon
golia
. The
big
gest
impo
rter
s of
cop
per
are
Chi
na, J
apan
, Ind
ia, S
outh
K
orea
and
Ger
man
y.
�
Figu
re 1
: Pro
duct
ion
tren
ds in
the
top
five
copp
er-p
rodu
cing
nat
ions
2.5.
1.C
OP
PER
PR
OD
UC
ING
NA
TIO
NS
AN
D T
ECH
NO
LOG
Y
Wor
ld
Cop
per
prod
ucti
on
is
incr
easi
ng
@
2.6
%
CA
GR
. C
oppe
r is
be
ing
prod
uced
fr
om
copp
er
conc
entr
ate
thro
ugh
pyro
m
etal
lurg
ical
ro
ute.
H
owev
er o
ver
the
year
s pr
oduc
tion
thr
ough
sec
onda
ry r
oute
(C
oppe
r S
crap
) ha
s in
crea
sed.
Cop
per
is
bein
g pr
oduc
ed
from
co
ncen
trat
e ro
ute
by
pyro
-met
allu
rgic
al
rout
e. T
here
are
var
ious
tec
hnol
ogie
s av
aila
ble
in t
he w
orld
. Te
chno
logi
es
are
maj
orly
div
ided
into
2 t
ypes
, suc
h as
Bat
h sm
elti
ng T
echn
olog
y an
d Fl
ash
sm
elti
ng T
echn
olog
y.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
27
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Tabl
e 1:
Sm
eltin
g Te
chno
logy
Flas
h Sm
elti
ng
Bat
h Sm
elti
ng
Out
otec
Fla
sh
TSL
(IS
A s
mel
t /
Aus
mel
t)
Inco
Fla
sh
Mit
subi
shi
Te
nien
te C
onve
rter
Nor
anda
Rea
ctor
Van
yuko
v
SK
S
Figu
re 2
: Sm
eltin
g Te
chno
logy
Mar
ket S
hare
Figu
re b
elow
sho
ws
tren
ds i
n C
oppe
r sm
elti
ng c
apac
ity
betw
een
200
0 a
nd
2021
. Thi
s sh
ows
emer
genc
e of
Chi
nese
tec
hnol
ogy
and
sust
aine
d in
crea
sed
in f
lash
and
con
tinu
ous
smel
ting
cap
acit
ies.
Fi
gure
3: T
rend
s in
Copp
er S
mel
ting
Capa
city
, 200
0 an
d 20
21
Sour
ce: W
orld
Cop
per F
act b
ook
2018
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
28
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Out
of
the
Top
20 c
oun
trie
s in
volv
ed i
n co
pper
sm
elte
r pr
oduc
tion
and
re
fine
d co
pper
pr
oduc
tion
, 10
co
untr
ies
such
as
U
SA
, G
erm
any,
Ja
pan
, R
ussi
a, A
ustr
alia
, et
c. a
re f
rom
the
dev
elop
ed w
orld
. C
onti
nent
s of
Eur
ope
and
Am
eric
a co
nsti
tute
abo
ut 6
mill
ion
met
ric
tonn
es o
f co
pper
sm
elte
r pr
oduc
tion
w
hich
is
al
mos
t ~
30%
of
th
e w
orld
pr
oduc
tion
. In
la
st
two
deca
des
prod
ucti
on f
rom
Asi
a ha
s in
crea
sed
five
-fol
d. C
hina
has
con
trib
uted
si
gnif
ican
tly
for
the
sam
e. T
oday
, C
hin
a co
ntri
bute
s ~
40
% o
f th
e w
orld
pr
oduc
tion
.
Fi
gure
4: W
orld
Cop
per S
mel
ter P
rodu
ctio
n, 1
980-
2017
So
urce
: Wor
ld C
oppe
r Fac
t boo
k 20
18
Fi
gure
5: C
oppe
r Sm
elte
r Pro
duct
ion
by R
egio
n, 1
990-
2017
So
urce
: Wor
ld C
oppe
r Fac
t boo
k 20
18
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
29
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re b
elow
sho
ws
rapi
d in
crea
se i
n C
oppe
r sm
elti
ng c
apac
ity
in A
sia,
in
part
icul
ar in
Chi
na o
ver
last
2 d
ecad
es. C
apac
ity
in E
urop
e is
sta
gnat
ed o
ver
last
1 d
ecad
e, h
owev
er A
fric
a is
em
ergi
ng in
last
dec
ade.
Fi
gure
6: C
oppe
r Sm
elte
r Pro
duct
ion
by C
ount
ry: T
op 2
0 Co
untr
ies i
n 20
17
Sour
ce: W
orld
Cop
per F
act b
ook
2018
To
p 20
Cop
per
smel
ters
by
capa
citi
es a
re i
n de
velo
ped
coun
trie
s lik
e C
hina
, G
erm
any,
Jap
an, R
ussi
a, S
pain
and
Indi
a.
Fi
gure
7: T
op 2
0 Co
pper
Sm
elte
r by
Capa
city
(bas
is 20
18)
Sour
ce: W
orld
Cop
per F
act b
ook
2018
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
30
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re b
elow
sho
ws
rapi
d in
crea
se C
oppe
r R
efin
ing
capa
city
dis
trib
utio
n
acro
ss t
he w
orld
. Th
ere
is 5
fol
d in
crea
se i
n ca
paci
ty i
n l
ast
2 de
cade
s in
A
sia.
All
the
capa
city
has
incr
ease
d in
Chi
na a
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o ~
40
% o
f th
e W
orld
’s C
oppe
r C
atho
de p
rodu
ctio
n.
Fi
gure
8: R
efin
ed C
oppe
r Pro
duct
ion
by R
egio
n, 1
900-
2017
Chi
na i
s th
e w
orld
’s l
arge
st p
rodu
cer
of t
he C
oppe
r C
atho
des
and
prod
uces
~
40
% o
f th
e w
orld
pro
duct
ion,
fol
low
ed b
y Ja
pan,
Chi
le, U
SA
, etc
.
Figu
re 9
: Ref
ined
Cop
per P
rodu
ctio
n: T
op 2
0 Co
untr
ies i
n 20
17
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
31
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Top
20 C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
by c
apac
itie
s ar
e in
US
A,
Chi
na,
Ger
man
y, J
apan
, R
ussi
a, K
orea
, Spa
in a
nd In
dia.
Figu
re 1
0: T
op 2
0 Co
pper
Ref
iner
ies b
y Ca
paci
ty (b
asis
2018
)
2.5.
2.C
ON
SUM
PTI
ON
PA
TTER
N O
F C
OP
PER
Cop
per
is a
n im
port
ant
non
-fer
rous
bas
e m
etal
wit
h w
ide
indu
stri
al a
pplic
atio
ns
rang
ing
from
de
fens
e,
spac
e pr
ogra
m,
railw
ays,
po
wer
ca
bles
, m
int,
te
leco
mm
unic
atio
n ca
bles
, et
c. C
oppe
r is
use
ful
beca
use
it i
s re
lati
vely
sof
t,
and
tran
smit
s bo
th h
eat
and
elec
tric
ity
wel
l. B
eing
an
exce
llent
ele
ctri
cal
cond
ucto
r, it
is
used
in
elec
tric
al w
irin
g an
d el
ectr
onic
s. C
oppe
r is
hig
hly
resi
stan
t to
the
dam
age
of w
ater
and
oth
er e
lem
ents
, so
it is
fre
quen
tly
used
in
cons
truc
tion
. Cop
per
can
be f
ully
rec
ycle
d, m
akin
g it
a p
erfe
ctly
gre
en m
ater
ial.
Mos
t ce
rtif
ied
sust
aina
ble
build
ings
(o
ften
ca
lled
LEE
D
build
ings
) us
e a
subs
tant
ial a
mou
nt o
f co
pper
. Cop
per’s
dur
abili
ty a
nd e
nerg
y sa
ving
pro
pert
ies
mak
e it
an
exce
llent
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ial
that
can
qua
lify
a bu
ildin
g fo
r LE
ED
cr
edit
s an
d he
lp lo
wer
its
carb
on f
ootp
rint
.
Cop
per
is m
ostl
y us
ed a
s a
pure
met
al, b
ut
wh
en a
hig
her
hard
ness
is r
equi
red
it i
s co
mbi
ned
wit
h ot
her
elem
ents
to
mak
e an
allo
y (5
% o
f to
tal
use)
suc
h as
br
ass
and
bron
ze.
A s
mal
l pa
rt o
f co
pper
sup
ply
is u
sed
in p
rodu
ctio
n of
co
mpo
unds
fo
r nu
trit
iona
l su
pple
men
ts
and
fung
icid
es
in
agri
cult
ure.
Th
e m
achi
ning
of
copp
er is
pos
sibl
e, a
ltho
ugh
it is
usu
ally
nec
essa
ry t
o us
e an
allo
y fo
r in
tric
ate
part
s to
get
goo
d m
achi
nabi
lity
char
acte
rist
ic.
Cop
per
find
s it
s ap
plic
atio
n in
the
bui
ldin
g co
nstr
ucti
on, p
ower
gen
erat
ion
and
tran
smis
sion
, el
ectr
onic
pr
oduc
t m
anuf
actu
ring
, pr
oduc
tion
of
in
dust
rial
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
32
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
mac
hine
ry a
s w
ell a
s au
tom
otiv
e ap
plic
atio
ns. C
oppe
r w
irin
g an
d pl
umbi
ng a
re
inte
gral
to
th
e ap
plia
nces
, he
atin
g an
d co
olin
g sy
stem
s,
and
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
link
s us
ed e
very
day
in h
omes
and
bus
ines
ses.
As
per
the
Wor
ld C
oppe
r Fa
ct B
ook
2018
, A
sia
dom
inat
es i
n a
big
way
(70
%
shar
e) in
cop
per
appl
icat
ions
as
com
pare
d to
Eur
ope,
Am
eric
as a
nd R
est
of t
he
Wor
ld r
egio
ns a
s sh
own
belo
w:
Fi
gure
11:
Ref
ined
Cop
per U
sage
by
Regi
on, 1
960
vers
us 2
017
The
glob
al s
tatu
s of
cop
per
uses
by
end
user
sec
tor
show
tha
t al
mos
t 1/
3rd
of
copp
er f
inds
app
licat
ion
in E
quip
men
t as
wel
l as
Con
stru
ctio
n se
ctor
eac
h,
whe
reas
the
rem
ain
ing
uses
are
in
indu
stri
al,
tran
spor
t an
d in
fras
truc
ture
se
ctor
s as
sho
wn
belo
w.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
33
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
12:
Glo
bal S
tatu
s of C
oppe
r Use
s
2.5.
3.U
SA
GES
OF
CO
PP
ER
Cop
per
is u
sed
in w
ater
pip
elin
es, i
ntel
ligen
t ho
uses
and
bui
ldin
gs, e
lect
rica
l m
otor
s, p
ower
lin
es,
elec
tric
al a
pplia
nces
, he
alth
car
e, e
nvir
onm
ent
rela
ted
indu
stri
es,
com
pute
rs,
com
mun
icat
ion
devi
ces,
in
gene
ral,
in t
he i
ndus
trie
s th
at a
re s
hapi
ng t
he
futu
re.
Cop
per
is a
lso
used
in
arti
llery
she
ll ca
sing
s,
smal
l arm
s am
mun
itio
n, w
ater
pip
es, a
nd je
wel
lery
. . (
Sou
rce:
Wik
iped
ia)
Con
stru
ctio
n (i
nclu
des
elec
tric
al):
C
oppe
r is
us
ed
in
a w
ide
vari
ety
of
cons
truc
tion
app
licat
ions
, inc
ludi
ng p
lum
bing
, kit
chen
and
bat
hroo
m f
ixtu
res
such
as
taps
, tu
bes,
and
fi
ttin
gs,
hea
ting
fix
ture
s, e
lect
rica
l w
irin
g an
d
outl
ets,
air
con
diti
onin
g, a
nd r
oofi
ng. C
oppe
r’s h
igh
cond
ucti
vity
has
mad
e it
th
e pr
imar
y ch
oice
for
use
in
pow
er c
able
s, t
rans
form
ers,
bui
ldin
g w
ire,
an
d m
otor
s.
Elec
tron
ics
and
com
mun
icat
ion:
Cop
per
is
a si
gnif
ican
t ra
w
mat
eria
l in
el
ectr
onic
s an
d te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns,
incl
udin
g co
mpu
ters
in
the
form
of
com
pute
r ch
ips,
ele
ctro
n tu
bes,
dat
a ca
bles
, and
tel
epho
ne w
ire.
Tran
spor
tati
on:
Cop
per
is f
ound
in
auto
mob
iles,
usu
ally
as
a co
pper
/nic
kel
allo
y in
app
licat
ions
suc
h as
rad
iato
rs a
nd h
ydra
ulic
bra
kes,
in
addi
tion
to
elec
tric
al w
irin
g. I
n m
arin
e ap
plic
atio
ns, c
oppe
r is
fre
quen
tly
com
bine
d w
ith
ni
ckel
to
crea
te c
oppe
r/ni
ckel
allo
ys u
sed
for
ship
hul
ls,
offs
hore
uni
ts,
desa
linat
ion
plan
ts,
etc.
, pr
imar
ily
owin
g to
it
s re
sist
ance
to
se
awat
er
corr
osio
n.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
34
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Indu
stri
al m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent:
Cop
per
is u
sed
heav
ily i
n in
dust
rial
ap
plic
atio
ns a
s an
allo
y, m
ost
com
mon
ly c
ombi
ned
wit
h ti
n to
for
m b
ronz
e.
Som
e us
es i
nclu
de m
otor
s an
d w
irin
g, h
eat
exch
ange
rs, t
urbi
ne b
lade
s, a
nd
natu
ral g
as p
ipes
.
Con
sum
er g
oods
: Cop
per
is f
ound
in a
var
iety
of
cons
umer
pro
duct
s as
wel
l, in
clud
ing
mic
row
ave
oven
s, T
V c
atho
de r
ays,
bra
ss f
urni
ture
and
mus
ical
in
stru
men
ts, s
ilver
war
e, a
nd c
oins
.
Glo
bally
, th
e m
ajor
end
mar
kets
for
cop
per
have
bee
n co
nstr
ucti
on a
nd
elec
tron
ics,
acc
ount
ing
for
mor
e th
an 6
0%
of
the
glob
al c
oppe
r de
man
d.
How
ever
, reg
iona
l var
iati
ons
in t
he e
nd u
se o
f co
pper
con
tinu
e to
exi
st.
For
inst
ance
, in
Indi
a, 4
9%
of
copp
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
is b
y th
e co
nstr
ucti
on s
ecto
r, w
here
as i
n C
hina
th
e do
min
ant
use
for
copp
er i
s in
the
ele
ctro
nics
and
co
mm
unic
atio
n se
ctor
, whi
ch t
akes
42%
of
tota
l cop
per
cons
umpt
ion.
�
Figu
re 1
3: C
oppe
r Con
sum
ptio
n –
Indi
a Vs
Chi
na
Maj
or i
ndus
tria
l se
ctor
s us
ing
copp
er i
n In
dia
are
elec
tric
al &
tel
ecom
wit
h
56%
sha
re f
ollo
wed
by
tran
spor
t w
ith
8%
, co
nstr
ucti
on w
ith
7%,
cons
umer
du
rabl
es w
ith
7% a
nd e
ngin
eeri
ng g
oods
wit
h 6
% s
hare
in t
he t
otal
use
.
Per
cap
ita
cons
umpt
ion
of c
oppe
r in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
was
10
kilo
gram
s pe
r pe
rson
19
65,
the
sam
e in
19
95.
In
Japa
n pe
r ca
pita
con
sum
ptio
n in
crea
sed
from
6 k
ilogr
ams
per
pers
on t
o 11
kilo
gram
s pe
r pe
rson
ove
r th
e sa
me
tim
e pe
riod
. C
oppe
r co
nsum
ptio
n in
Kor
ea i
n 19
65
was
les
s th
an 1
00
0 t
ons.
By
199
5, K
orea
's c
onsu
mpt
ion
of c
oppe
r h
ad r
each
ed 6
37,0
00
ton
s, o
r m
ore
than
14
kilo
gram
s pe
r pe
rson
.
In C
hina
, ev
en a
fter
yea
rs o
f ec
onom
ic g
row
th,
per
capi
ta c
oppe
r us
age
is
abou
t 5.
4 k
g. A
s C
hina
's p
opul
ace
urba
nize
s, b
uild
s up
its
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
35
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
beco
mes
mor
e of
a c
onsu
min
g so
ciet
y, t
here
's n
o re
ason
to
susp
ect
Chi
nese
co
pper
con
sum
ptio
n w
on't
app
roac
h or
eve
n su
rpas
s U
.S.,
Japa
nese
and
S
outh
Kor
ean
leve
ls. T
here
's 1
.3 b
illio
n pe
ople
in C
hina
, eve
n a
slig
ht in
crea
se
in C
hine
se c
onsu
mpt
ion
will
tra
nsla
te in
to e
norm
ous
dem
and
grow
th.
Per
cap
ita
cons
umpt
ion
of c
oppe
r in
Indi
a is
muc
h lo
wer
at
0.4
kg
per
annu
m
than
3.3
kg
per
annu
m i
n R
ussi
a, 5
.4 k
g pe
r an
num
in
Chi
na a
nd a
bout
9-1
0
kg p
er a
nnum
in d
evel
oped
cou
ntri
es
Figu
re 1
4: P
er C
apita
Cop
per C
onsu
mpt
ion
in K
g
Indi
a, w
ith
its
1.2
billi
on p
eopl
e, is
pre
sent
ly u
sing
0.4
kg
of c
oppe
r pe
r pe
rson
. Th
e co
untr
y is
mod
erni
zing
and
nee
ds t
o in
vest
hea
vily
in
elec
tric
al p
ower
in
fras
truc
ture
. A
ccor
ding
to
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l E
nerg
y A
genc
y (I
EA
), In
dia'
s po
wer
pro
duct
ion
will
nee
d to
ris
e by
up
to 2
0 p
erce
nt a
nnua
lly t
o ke
ep p
ace
wit
h it
s ec
onom
ic a
nd p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
. Ju
st m
eeti
ng t
he r
equi
red
pow
er
targ
et w
ould
dou
ble
Indi
a's
annu
al c
oppe
r co
nsum
ptio
n.
The
annu
al w
orld
ave
rage
per
-cap
ita
cons
umpt
ion
of
copp
er is
3.2
kg.
Thes
e gr
aphs
sug
gest
as
the
deve
lopi
ng A
sian
eco
nom
ies
such
as
Chi
na a
nd
Indi
a co
ntin
ue t
o m
ove
tow
ards
1st
wor
ld li
ving
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd h
ence
incr
ease
th
eir
GD
P
per
capi
ta
thei
r en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n w
ill
incr
ease
, le
adin
g to
in
crea
sed
dem
and
for
Cop
per.
051015
USA
Japa
nK
orea
Chi
naR
ussi
aIn
dia
10
11
14
5.4
3.3
0.4
Per
Cap
ita
Cop
per
Con
sum
ptio
n in
Kg
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
36
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 1
5: P
er C
apita
Ele
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
in K
WHr
2.5.
4.
FAC
TOR
S IN
FLU
ENC
ING
CO
PP
ER D
EMA
ND
a)
Ris
ing
Pow
er G
ener
atio
n is
fue
ling
the
Dem
and
for
Cop
per
Cop
per
is t
he b
est
non
prec
ious
met
al c
ondu
ctor
of
elec
tric
ity
as it
enc
ount
ers
muc
h le
ss r
esis
tanc
e co
mpa
red
wit
h ot
her
com
mon
ly u
sed
met
als.
It
sets
the
st
anda
rd t
o w
hich
oth
er c
ondu
ctor
s ar
e co
mpa
red.
Cop
per
is a
lso
used
in
pow
er
cabl
es,
eith
er
insu
late
d or
un
insu
late
d,
for
high
, m
ediu
m
and
low
vo
ltag
e ap
plic
atio
ns.
In a
ddit
ion,
cop
per's
exc
epti
onal
str
engt
h, d
ucti
lity
and
resi
stan
ce
to
cree
ping
an
d co
rros
ion
mak
es
it
the
pref
erre
d
and
safe
st
cond
ucto
r fo
r co
mm
erci
al a
nd r
esid
enti
al b
uild
ing
wir
ing.
Cop
per
is a
n es
sent
ial
com
pone
nt o
f en
ergy
eff
icie
nt g
ener
ator
s, m
otor
s,
tran
sfor
mer
s an
d re
new
able
ene
rgy
prod
uct
ion
syst
ems.
Ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y so
urce
s su
ch a
s so
lar,
win
d, g
eoth
erm
al, f
uel
cel
ls a
nd o
ther
te
chno
logi
es a
re a
ll he
avily
rel
iant
on
copp
er d
ue t
o it
s ex
celle
nt c
ondu
ctiv
ity.
IC
SG
, in
part
ners
hip
wit
h th
e C
omm
on F
und
for
Com
mod
itie
s, t
he In
tern
atio
nal
Cop
per
Ass
ocia
tion
and
the
Int
erna
tion
al C
oppe
r P
rom
otio
n C
ounc
il (I
ndia
), un
dert
ook
the
Tran
sfer
of
Tech
nolo
gy f
or H
igh
Pre
ssur
e C
oppe
r D
ie C
asti
ng
proj
ect
in I
ndia
. Th
e pr
ojec
t fa
cilit
ated
the
tra
nsfe
r of
tec
hnol
ogy
rela
ted
to
the
man
ufac
ture
of
roto
rs,
mot
ors
and
mot
or s
yste
ms
usin
g m
ore
ener
gy
effi
cien
t h
igh
pres
sure
cop
per
die
cast
ings
.
The
gove
rnm
ent
of I
ndia
has
tar
gete
d 10
0%
ele
ctri
fica
tion
of
all
rura
l ho
uses
by
20
22.
Als
o go
vern
men
t,
by
allo
win
g fo
reig
n di
rect
in
vest
men
t in
th
e te
leco
m
sect
or,
has
acce
lera
ted
the
tele
-den
sity
. Th
e te
le-d
ensi
ty
and
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
37
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
broa
dban
d co
nnec
tivi
ty o
f 10
mill
ion
subs
crib
ers
(tar
gete
d) w
ill c
reat
e a
huge
op
port
unit
y fo
r co
pper
in In
dia.
To s
uppo
rt t
he a
vera
ge G
DP
gro
wth
of
abou
t 7%
dur
ing
the
last
3 y
ears
the
re
has
been
a c
onsi
dera
ble
incr
ease
in
pri
mar
y en
ergy
dem
and.
The
gro
wth
in
seco
ndar
y so
urce
suc
h as
ele
ctri
city
was
mor
e th
an 1
0%
.. Th
e ai
m i
s al
so t
o im
prov
e su
pply
sid
e ef
fici
ency
by
stre
ngth
enin
g th
e di
stri
buti
on s
yste
m.
All
this
will
res
ult
in a
n in
crea
se i
n de
man
d fo
r co
pper
in
pow
er g
ener
atio
n,
tran
smis
sion
as
wel
l as
dist
ribu
tion
.
The
pow
er s
ecto
r gr
owth
als
o in
flue
nce
grow
ing
dem
and
for
copp
er.
Dur
ing
FY17
, po
wer
gen
erat
ion
in I
ndia
was
116
0 T
Wh.
Pow
er g
ener
atio
n in
Ind
ia
expa
nded
at
a C
AG
R o
f 5.
11 p
er c
ent
betw
een
FY 0
8 t
o FY
17
as s
how
n in
the
ba
r ch
art
belo
w.
As
per
the
11th
Pla
n, I
ndi
a is
add
ed a
roun
d 6
0,0
00
MW
of
gene
rati
on c
apac
ity,
and
fur
ther
tar
get
capa
city
add
itio
n w
as p
lann
ed f
or o
ver
80
,00
0 M
W in
the
12t
h P
lan
(20
12-1
7) p
erio
d.
Figu
re 1
6: P
ower
gen
erat
ion
(TW
h )in
Indi
a (F
Y 08
to F
Y 17
)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
38
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
b)
A
utom
otiv
e P
rodu
ctio
n is
fue
ling
the
Dem
and
for
Cop
per
All
maj
or
form
s of
tr
ansp
orta
tion
de
pend
on
co
pper
to
pe
rfor
m
crit
ical
fu
ncti
ons.
Cop
per-
nick
el a
lloys
are
use
d on
the
hul
ls o
f bo
ats
and
ship
s to
re
duce
m
arin
e be
foul
ing,
th
ereb
y re
duci
ng
drag
an
d im
prov
ing
fuel
co
nsum
ptio
n.
All
auto
mob
iles
and
truc
ks r
ely
on c
oppe
r m
otor
s, w
irin
g, r
adia
tors
, con
nect
ors,
br
akes
and
bea
ring
s. T
oday
, th
e av
erag
e m
id-s
ize
auto
mob
ile c
onta
ins
abou
t 22
.5 k
g (5
0 l
bs)
of c
oppe
r, w
hile
lux
ury
cars
on
aver
age
cont
ain
arou
nd 1
,50
0
copp
er w
ires
tot
alin
g ab
out
1.6
km
(1
mile
) in
leng
th.
The
elec
tric
and
hyb
rid
vehi
cles
can
con
tain
eve
n hi
gher
lev
els
of c
oppe
r.
Cop
per's
su
peri
or
ther
mal
co
nduc
tivi
ty,
stre
ngth
, co
rros
ion
resi
stan
ce
and
recy
clab
ility
m
ake
it
idea
l fo
r au
tom
otiv
e an
d tr
uck
radi
ator
s.
New
m
anuf
actu
ring
tec
hnol
ogie
s, p
roce
sses
an
d in
nova
tive
des
igns
are
res
ulti
ng i
n lig
hter
, sm
alle
r an
d m
ore
effi
cien
t ra
diat
ors.
Figu
re 1
7: P
asse
nger
car
pro
duct
ion
grow
th
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
39
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 1
8: P
asse
nger
car
pro
duct
ion
vs c
oppe
r con
sum
ptio
n
The
auto
mob
ile s
ecto
r in
Ind
ia i
s gr
owin
g at
the
rat
e of
16
% a
nnua
lly a
nd i
s ex
pect
ed t
o ha
ve s
imila
r gr
owth
in
the
futu
re. T
he i
ncre
ase
in s
ophi
stic
atio
n an
d si
ze o
f pa
ssen
ger
vehi
cles
will
giv
e ri
se t
o a
high
er d
ensi
ty o
f au
to w
irin
g ha
rnes
ses.
As
per
Woo
d M
acke
nzie
, th
e co
pper
dem
and
from
pas
seng
er c
ars
will
gro
w
muc
h fa
ster
tha
n pr
oduc
tion
gro
wth
due
to
incr
easi
ng E
V p
enet
rati
on.
c)
Fa
st-E
xpan
ding
Con
stru
ctio
n S
ecto
r ha
s ai
ded
Gro
wth
of
Cop
per
Indi
a is
w
itne
ssin
g a
sust
aine
d gr
owth
in
in
fras
truc
ture
bu
ild
up.
The
cons
truc
tion
ind
ustr
y ha
s be
en w
itne
ss t
o a
stro
ng g
row
th w
ave
pow
ered
by
larg
e sp
ends
on
hous
ing,
roa
d, p
orts
, w
ater
sup
ply,
rai
l tr
ansp
ort
and
airp
ort
de
velo
pmen
t. I
nfra
stru
ctur
e pr
ojec
ts c
onti
nue
to p
rovi
de l
ucra
tive
bus
ines
s op
port
unit
ies
for
expa
nsio
n of
maj
or m
etal
s se
ctor
incl
udin
g co
pper
.
In t
he C
onst
ruct
ion
Sec
tor,
Cop
per
and
bras
s ar
e th
e m
ater
ials
of
choi
ce f
or
plum
bing
, ta
ps,
valv
es a
nd f
itti
ngs.
Tha
nks
in p
art
to i
ts a
esth
etic
app
eal,
copp
er a
nd i
ts a
lloys
, su
ch a
s ar
chit
ectu
ral
bron
ze,
is u
sed
in a
var
iety
of
sett
ings
to
build
fac
ades
, ca
nopi
es,
door
s an
d w
indo
w f
ram
es.
Cop
per
tube
s al
so h
elp
prot
ect
wat
er s
yste
ms
from
pot
enti
ally
let
hal
bact
eria
. C
oppe
r fi
re
spri
nkle
r sy
stem
s ar
e a
valu
able
saf
ety
feat
ure
in b
uild
ings
.
The
use
of c
oppe
r do
orkn
obs
and
plat
es e
xplo
its
copp
er's
bio
stat
ic p
rope
rtie
s to
hel
p pr
even
t th
e tr
ansf
er o
f di
seas
e an
d m
icro
bes.
The
cop
per
roof
ing,
in
ad
diti
on t
o be
ing
attr
acti
ve, i
s w
ell k
now
n fo
r it
s re
sist
ance
to
extr
eme
wea
ther
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
40
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
cond
itio
ns. M
ajor
pub
lic b
uild
ings
, com
mer
cial
bui
ldin
gs a
nd h
omes
use
cop
per
for
thei
r ra
inw
ater
goo
ds a
nd r
oofi
ng n
eeds
.
The
aver
age
expe
cted
gro
wth
of
the
cons
truc
tion
indu
stry
of
appr
oxim
atel
y 7%
to
9%
will
con
tinu
e to
dri
ve t
he d
eman
d fo
r co
pper
bui
ldin
g w
ires
. Im
prov
emen
t in
liv
ing
stan
dard
s on
acc
ount
of
per
capi
tal
inco
me
grow
th w
ill i
ncre
ase
the
dens
ity
of c
oppe
r us
age
in b
uild
ing
wir
es a
s w
ell.
Indi
a’s
infr
astr
uctu
re s
ecto
r is
exp
ecte
d t
o gr
ow a
t a
CA
GR
of
over
35
%
betw
een
the
peri
od 2
00
8 t
o 20
25 f
or w
hich
hug
e in
vest
men
t is
nee
ded.
In
Uni
on B
udge
t 20
18-1
9, G
over
nmen
t of
Indi
a ha
s al
loca
ted
US
$ 9
2.22
bill
ion
for
infr
astr
uctu
re s
ecto
r.
Mor
eove
r, th
e to
tal
hous
ing
shor
tage
in
th
e co
untr
y al
so
prov
ides
am
ple
inve
stm
ent
oppo
rtun
ity
for
resi
dent
ial b
uild
ing
cons
truc
tion
in c
omin
g ye
ars.
Figu
re 1
9: In
dia’
s exp
andi
ng in
fras
truc
ture
indu
stry
(US$
bill
ion)
d)
In
trod
ucti
on o
f El
ectr
ic v
ehic
les
(Evs
) be
com
ing
the
upco
min
g dr
iver
for
co
pper
mar
ket
EV
s an
d as
soci
ated
cha
rgin
g in
fras
truc
ture
cou
ld o
ffer
sig
nifi
cant
lon
g t
erm
de
man
d, b
ut d
iffi
cult
to
asse
ss n
ow a
nd s
ubst
itut
ion
rem
ains
an
ever
-pre
sent
lo
ng-t
erm
ris
k.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
41
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Man
y in
the
mar
ket
are
beco
min
g in
crea
sing
ly p
osit
ive
arou
nd t
he p
rosp
ect
for
elec
tric
al v
ehic
les
and
the
impa
ct f
or lo
ng-t
erm
cop
per
dem
and
Ass
umin
g E
V s
ales
of
25 m
n un
its
pa b
y 20
27e
(~20
% p
enet
rati
on r
ate)
, E
V-r
elat
ed
copp
er d
eman
d co
uld
reac
h ~
1.8
mtp
a (~
6%
of
glob
al d
eman
d).
But
te
chno
logi
cal
impr
ovem
ents
co
uld
also
pr
esen
t do
wns
ide
risk
s (s
ubst
itut
ion
of H
V w
irin
g, t
hinn
er c
oppe
r fo
il in
the
bat
tery
ano
de).
The
bar
ch
art
show
n be
low
cle
arly
exp
lain
s th
e ri
sing
pen
etra
tion
of
copp
er, e
spec
ially
in
Ele
ctri
c ve
hicl
es a
nd a
lso
in o
ther
app
licat
ion
for
ms.
Figu
re 2
0: C
oppe
r Int
ensit
y of
var
ious
Ele
ctric
Veh
icle
Typ
es (S
ourc
e: D
euts
che
Bank
est
imat
es)
e)
R
isin
g D
eman
d fo
r C
oppe
r in
Rai
lway
Sec
tor
Ove
r th
e ti
me,
con
vers
ion
from
oil
fuel
to
elec
tric
ity
has
crea
ted
a n
iche
for
co
pper
in
railw
ay s
ecto
r. T
he r
ailw
ay e
lect
rifi
cati
on w
ill c
onti
nue
in n
ext
5 ye
ars.
Add
itio
nal
copp
er d
eman
d w
ill a
lso
be c
reat
ed i
n ur
ban
mas
s ra
pid
tran
spor
t to
red
uce
the
traf
fic
prob
lem
in c
row
ded
citi
es.
New
hig
h sp
eed
trai
ns c
an u
se a
nyw
here
fro
m 2
to
4 t
onne
s of
cop
per,
sign
ific
antl
y hi
gher
tha
n th
e 1
to 2
ton
nes
used
in t
radi
tion
al e
lect
ric
trai
ns.
f)
S
uita
bilit
y fo
r C
oppe
r in
Mar
ine
App
licat
ions
The
corr
osio
n re
sist
ant
prop
erti
es o
f co
pper
and
cop
per
allo
ys (
such
as
bras
s,
bron
ze, a
nd c
oppe
rni
ckel
) m
ake
them
esp
ecia
lly s
uita
ble
for
use
in m
arin
e an
d ot
her
dem
andi
ng
envi
ronm
ents
. V
esse
ls,
tank
s,
and
pipi
ng
expo
sed
to
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
42
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
seaw
ater
, pr
opel
lers
, oi
l pl
atfo
rms
and
coas
tal
pow
er s
tati
ons,
all
depe
nd o
n co
pper
's c
orro
sion
res
ista
nce
for
prot
ecti
on.
g)
C
oppe
r A
pplic
atio
ns in
Ele
ctro
nics
and
Com
mun
icat
ions
Sec
tor
Cop
per
play
s a
key
role
in
w
orld
wid
e in
form
atio
n an
d co
mm
unic
atio
ns
tech
nolo
gies
. H
DS
L (H
igh
Dig
ital
Sub
scri
ber
Line
) an
d A
DS
L (A
sym
met
rica
l D
igit
al S
ubsc
ribe
r Li
ne)
tech
nolo
gy a
llow
s fo
r hi
ghsp
eed
data
tra
nsm
issi
on,
incl
udin
g in
tern
et
serv
ice,
th
roug
h th
e ex
isti
ng
copp
er
infr
astr
uctu
re
of
ordi
nary
tel
epho
ne w
ire.
Cop
per
and
copp
er a
lloy
prod
ucts
are
use
d in
dom
esti
c su
bscr
iber
lin
es, w
ide
and
loca
l are
a ne
twor
ks, m
obile
ph
ones
and
per
sona
l com
pute
rs.
Sem
icon
duct
or m
anuf
actu
rers
hav
e la
unch
ed a
rev
olut
iona
ry "
copp
er c
hip.
" B
y us
ing
copp
er f
or c
ircu
itry
in s
ilico
n ch
ips,
mic
ropr
oces
sors
are
abl
e to
ope
rate
at
hig
her
spee
ds, u
sing
less
ene
rgy.
Cop
per
heat
sin
ks h
elp
rem
ove
heat
fro
m
tran
sist
ors
and
keep
co
mpu
ter
proc
esso
rs
oper
atin
g at
pe
ak
effi
cien
cy.
Cop
per
is a
lso
used
ext
ensi
vely
in
othe
r el
ectr
onic
equ
ipm
ent
in t
he f
orm
of
wir
es, t
rans
form
ers,
con
nect
ors
and
swit
ches
.
App
licat
ion
of
copp
er p
lays
an
impo
rtan
t ro
le i
n In
dust
rial
Mac
hine
ry a
nd
Equ
ipm
ent.
Due
to
thei
r du
rabi
lity,
mac
hina
bilit
y an
d ab
ility
to
be c
ast
wit
h
high
pre
cisi
on a
nd t
oler
ance
s, c
oppe
r al
loys
are
ide
al f
or m
akin
g pr
oduc
ts
such
as
gear
s, b
eari
ngs
and
turb
ine
blad
es.
Cop
per's
sup
erio
r he
at t
rans
fer
capa
bilit
ies
and
abili
ty t
o w
iths
tand
ext
rem
e en
viro
nmen
ts m
akes
it
an i
deal
ch
oice
for
hea
t ex
chan
ge e
quip
men
t an
d pr
essu
re v
esse
ls.
h)
Ris
ing
cont
ribu
tion
of
Glo
bal M
iddl
e C
lass
The
new
ly e
mer
ging
mid
dle
clas
s ar
e a
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
ing
fact
or t
o th
e fu
ndam
enta
l de
man
d sh
ift
in
glob
al
com
mod
ity
mar
kets
an
d pe
r ca
pita
co
nsum
ptio
n of
com
mod
itie
s in
dev
elop
ing
coun
trie
s is
sti
ll on
ly a
fra
ctio
n of
th
e le
vel i
t is
in d
evel
oped
cou
ntri
es.
Infr
astr
uctu
re s
pend
ing
and
incr
ease
d di
scre
tion
ary
spen
ding
by
cons
umer
s ar
e th
e ke
y fa
ctor
s dr
ivin
g th
is r
isin
g de
man
d -
as m
ore
and
mor
e pe
ople
in
em
ergi
ng m
arke
ts m
ove
from
rur
al a
reas
to
the
citi
es,
cons
umpt
ion
will
in
crea
se p
utti
ng m
assi
ve u
pwar
d pr
essu
re o
n co
mm
odit
ies.
The
Wor
ld B
ank
esti
mat
es t
hat
the
glob
al m
iddl
e cl
ass
is l
ikel
y to
gro
w f
rom
4
30 m
illio
n in
20
00
to
1.15
bill
ion
in 2
030
. The
ban
k de
fine
s th
e m
iddl
e cl
ass
as e
arne
rs m
akin
g be
twee
n $1
0 a
nd $
20 a
day
- a
djus
ted
for
loca
l pri
ces.
Mos
t of
the
wor
ld's
mid
dle
clas
s ha
s, u
ntil
rece
ntly
, be
en l
ocat
ed i
n E
urop
e,
Nor
th A
mer
ica
and
Japa
n.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
43
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 2
1: U
N W
orld
Urb
anisa
tion
Pros
pect
s % 1
950
to 2
050
– So
urce
UN
In t
he 1
970
s an
d 19
80
s S
outh
Kor
ea,
Bra
zil,
Mex
ico
and
Arg
enti
na b
uilt
si
zeab
le m
iddl
e-cl
ass
popu
lati
ons.
Tod
ay i
ts C
hina
, In
dia,
Asi
a an
d A
fric
a ad
ding
to
the
wor
ld's
mid
dle
clas
s. In
20
00
, dev
elop
ing
coun
trie
s w
ere
hom
e to
56
per
cent
of
the
glob
al m
iddl
e cl
ass,
by
2030
tha
t fi
gure
is e
xpec
ted
to
reac
h 9
3 pe
rcen
t.
2.5.
5.EN
SU
RIN
G L
ON
G-T
ERM
AV
AIL
AB
ILIT
Y O
F C
OP
PER
Cop
per
conc
entr
ate
is t
ypic
ally
fur
ther
ref
ined
an
d fo
rmed
int
o ca
thod
es,
whi
ch
are
typi
cally
up
to
9
9.9
9%
pu
re
copp
er.
Thes
e ca
thod
es
are
then
sh
ippe
d to
mill
s or
fou
ndri
es t
o be
for
med
int
o on
e of
the
fol
low
ing
form
s: (
1)
wir
e ro
d, (
2) b
illet
, (3
) ca
ke,
or (
4)
ingo
t. C
oppe
r is
als
o co
mbi
ned
wit
h ot
her
met
als
to f
orm
cop
per
allo
ys,
whi
ch i
ncl
ude
bron
ze (
copp
er a
nd t
in),
bras
s (c
oppe
r an
d zi
nc),
and
copp
er/n
icke
l allo
ys.
On
the
basi
s of
cur
rent
rat
e of
dem
and,
the
re h
as a
lway
s be
en, o
n av
erag
e 4
0
year
s of
cop
per
rese
rves
sin
ce y
ear
1950
, and
sig
nifi
cant
ly g
reat
er a
mou
nts
of
know
n re
sour
ces
(US
GS
dat
a).
Ove
r an
d ab
ove
that
, th
e co
pper
rec
yclin
g,
inno
vati
on a
nd f
urth
er m
inin
g ex
plor
atio
n co
ntin
ue t
o co
ntri
bute
to
the
long
term
ava
ilabi
lity
of c
oppe
r.
As
per
Sou
rce
: US
GS
data
base
, des
pite
incr
ease
d de
man
d fo
r co
pper
pro
duce
d fr
om o
re i
n re
cent
yea
rs, i
ncre
ases
in
rese
rves
hav
e gr
own,
and
the
re i
s m
ore
iden
tifi
ed c
oppe
r av
aila
ble
to t
he w
orld
tha
n at
any
oth
er t
ime
in h
isto
ry. I
n th
e pe
riod
20
05
- 20
16,
202
mill
ion
tonn
es o
f co
pper
hav
e be
en m
ined
. In
tha
t sa
me
peri
od h
owev
er, r
eser
ves
have
gro
wn
by 2
50 m
illio
n to
nnes
. Thi
s re
flec
ts
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
44
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
addi
tion
al e
xplo
rati
on, t
echn
olog
ical
adv
ance
s an
d th
e ev
olvi
ng e
cono
mic
s of
m
inin
g.
Figu
re 2
2: W
orld
Cop
per R
eser
ves S
tatu
s
The
tech
nolo
gy h
as a
key
rol
e to
pla
y in
add
ress
ing
man
y of
the
cha
lleng
es
face
d by
new
cop
per
prod
ucti
on. K
now
n an
d as
yet
unk
now
n in
nova
tion
s w
ill
ensu
re n
ew m
ine
prod
ucti
on c
onti
nues
to
prov
ide
vita
l cop
per
supp
lies.
In a
ddit
ion
cop
per
recy
clin
g pl
ays
an im
port
ant
role
in c
oppe
r av
aila
bilit
y si
nce
toda
y’s
prim
ary
copp
er
is
tom
orro
w’s
re
cycl
ed
mat
eria
l. U
nlik
e ot
her
com
mod
itie
s su
ch a
s en
ergy
or
food
, cop
per
is n
ot “
cons
umed
”. C
oppe
r is
one
of
the
few
raw
mat
eria
ls w
hich
can
be
recy
cled
rep
eate
dly
wit
hout
any
loss
of
perf
orm
ance
, an
d ke
y st
akeh
olde
rs s
uch
as p
olic
y m
aker
s, s
crap
col
lect
ors,
co
pper
pro
duce
rs a
nd r
ecyc
lers
mus
t al
l fo
cus
on e
nsur
ing
that
yes
terd
ay’s
m
etal
is r
ecyc
led
and
reus
ed.
Whi
le
this
w
ill
ensu
re
a pr
ogre
ssiv
e m
ove
tow
ards
a
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e ec
onom
y,
the
loop
ca
nnot
be
co
mpl
etel
y cl
osed
fo
r tw
o re
ason
s.
Firs
tly,
de
man
d w
ill
cont
inue
to
in
crea
se
due
to
popu
lati
on
grow
th,
prod
uct
inno
vati
on a
nd e
con
omic
dev
elop
men
t. S
econ
dly
in m
ost
appl
icat
ions
, cop
per
stay
s in
use
for
dec
ades
. C
onse
quen
tly,
mee
ting
fut
ure
met
als
dem
and
will
co
ntin
ue t
o re
quir
e a
com
bin
atio
n of
pri
mar
y ra
w m
ater
ials
, co
min
g fr
om
min
es, a
s w
ell
as r
ecyc
led
mat
eria
ls, w
hile
inn
ovat
ive
polic
ies
and
tech
nolo
gy
shou
ld c
onti
nue
to c
ontr
ibut
e to
im
prov
emen
ts i
n re
cycl
ing
perf
orm
ance
and
re
sour
ce e
ffic
ienc
y.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
45
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Bas
ed
on
the
late
st
know
ledg
e on
ge
olog
ical
av
aila
bilit
y an
d co
ntin
uous
in
dust
ry
inno
vati
on
ther
e ar
e go
od
reas
ons
to
belie
ve
that
co
pper
w
ill
cont
inue
to
be a
vit
al a
nd p
osit
ive
cont
ribu
tor
to s
ocie
ty w
ell i
nto
the
futu
re.
A c
ompa
riso
n of
Reg
ion
-wis
e C
oppe
r M
ine
Pro
duct
ion
duri
ng t
he y
ear
196
0
and
2017
is s
how
n be
low
.
Fi
gure
23:
Reg
ion-
wise
Gro
wth
in W
orld
Cop
per M
ine
Prod
uctio
n A
s pe
r th
e ch
art
show
n be
low
, A
sia
has
exhi
bite
d s
igni
fica
nt
grow
th (
thre
e fo
ld f
rom
6 %
to
17 %
sha
re i
n gl
obal
pro
duct
ion)
wit
hin
alm
ost
five
dec
ades
. Fr
om l
ess
than
750
,00
0 t
onne
s co
pper
in
196
0,
copp
er m
ine
prod
ucti
on i
n La
tin
Am
eric
a ha
s in
crea
sed
to 8
.3 m
illio
n to
nnes
in 2
016
, rep
rese
ntin
g 4
1% o
f th
e gl
obal
tot
al. C
onve
rsel
y, N
orth
Am
eric
a’s
shar
e de
clin
ed f
rom
36
% t
o 15
%.
As
per
ICS
G e
stim
ates
, the
Cop
per
min
ing
capa
city
is e
stim
ated
to
reac
h 25
.9
mill
ion
tonn
es c
oppe
r in
20
20, w
ith
19%
bei
ng S
X-E
W p
rodu
ctio
n. T
his
will
be
10%
hig
her
than
glo
bal
capa
city
of
23.5
mill
ion
tonn
es c
oppe
r re
cord
ed i
n
2016
. G
row
th i
n co
pper
min
e ca
paci
ty i
s ex
pect
ed t
o av
erag
e 2.
5% p
er y
ear
goin
g fo
rwar
d as
new
cap
acit
y is
add
ed a
t ex
isti
ng a
nd s
ome
new
ope
rati
ons.
Th
e ra
tio
betw
een
prod
ucti
on a
nd c
apac
ity
is c
alle
d th
e ca
paci
ty u
tiliz
atio
n ra
te. T
he w
orld
min
e ca
paci
ty u
tiliz
atio
n ra
te w
as a
roun
d 8
6%
in 2
016
. Dur
ing
the
year
20
16,
Chi
le a
ccou
nted
for
alm
ost
one
thir
d of
wor
ld c
oppe
r m
ine
prod
ucti
on w
ith
min
e ou
tput
of
5.55
mill
ion
tonn
es c
oppe
r.
2.5.
6.
PR
OD
UC
TIO
N, T
RA
DE
AN
D C
ON
SU
MP
TIO
N S
CEN
AR
IO O
F C
OP
PER
IN
IND
IA
A w
idel
y us
ed m
etal
in v
ario
us s
ecto
rs, c
oppe
r is
the
thi
rd m
ost
used
met
al in
te
rms
of
wor
ld
cons
umpt
ion.
In
dia
impo
rts
a m
ajor
pa
rt
of
copp
er
from
co
untr
ies
like
Chi
le,
Indo
nesi
a, C
anad
a, A
ustr
alia
. Th
e co
untr
y is
not
sel
f-su
ffic
ient
in t
he p
rodu
ctio
n of
cop
per
ore.
In
addi
tion
to
dom
esti
c pr
oduc
tion
of
ore
and
con
cent
rate
s, I
ndia
im
port
s co
pper
con
cent
rate
s fo
r it
s sm
elte
rs.
The
dom
esti
c de
man
d of
co
pper
an
d it
s al
loys
is
m
et
thro
ugh
dom
esti
c pr
oduc
tion
, rec
yclin
g of
scr
ap a
nd b
y im
port
s.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
46
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Indi
a is
not
sel
f-su
ffic
ient
in
the
prod
ucti
on o
f co
pper
ore
. In
add
itio
n to
do
mes
tic
prod
ucti
on
of
ore
and
conc
entr
ates
, In
dia
impo
rts
copp
er
conc
entr
ates
for
its
smel
ters
. The
dom
esti
c de
man
d of
cop
per
and
its
allo
ys i
s
met
th
roug
h do
mes
tic
prod
ucti
on,
recy
clin
g of
scr
ap a
s w
ell
as b
y im
port
s.
Hin
dust
an C
oppe
r Li
mit
ed (
HC
L),
a P
ublic
Sec
tor
Und
erta
king
, is
the
onl
y in
tegr
ated
com
pany
in
the
coun
try
that
not
onl
y is
inv
olve
d in
min
ing
&
bene
fici
atio
n of
ore
but
is
also
inv
olve
d in
sm
elti
ng,
refi
ning
and
cas
ting
of
refi
ned
copp
er.
Hin
dalc
o (u
nit
of B
irla
Cop
per)
and
Ste
rlit
e In
dust
ries
(I
ndia
) Lt
d, a
re t
he m
ajor
cop
per
prod
ucer
s in
the
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
that
mai
nly
rely
on
impo
rted
cop
per
con
cent
rate
s, h
owev
er,
thes
e co
mpa
nies
ow
n co
pper
min
es
in o
ther
cou
ntri
es.
2.5.
7.M
AJO
R IN
DIA
N P
RO
DU
CE
RS
Hin
dust
an C
oppe
r Li
mit
ed (
HC
L),
a P
ublic
Sec
tor
Und
erta
king
, is
the
onl
y in
tegr
ated
com
pany
in
the
coun
try
that
not
onl
y is
inv
olve
d in
min
ing
&
bene
fici
atio
n of
ore
but
is
also
inv
olve
d in
sm
elti
ng,
refi
ning
and
cas
ting
of
refi
ned
copp
er.
Hin
dalc
o (u
nit
of B
irla
Cop
per)
and
Ste
rlit
e In
dust
ries
(In
dia)
Lt
d, a
re t
he m
ajor
cop
per
prod
ucer
s in
the
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
that
mai
nly
rely
on
impo
rted
cop
per
con
cent
rate
s. T
hese
com
pani
es o
wn
copp
er m
ines
in
othe
r co
untr
ies.
A
noth
er
Pri
vate
S
ecto
r co
mpa
ny,
Jhag
adia
C
oppe
r Lt
d,
also
pr
oduc
es c
oppe
r ba
sed
on s
econ
dary
rou
te.
The
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty o
f In
dian
cop
per
cath
ode
prod
ucer
s, a
s on
Mar
ch, 2
017
is
pre
sent
ed in
the
fig
ure
give
n be
low
:
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
47
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 2
4: In
stal
led
Capa
city
of P
rimar
y Co
pper
Res
ourc
es in
Indi
a (T
/Yr)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
48
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Cat
egor
y C
ontr
ibut
ory
fact
ors
Dem
and
Gro
wth
Ris
e in
inf
rast
ruct
ure
deve
lopm
ent
and
auto
mot
ive
prod
ucti
on d
rivi
ng g
row
th in
the
sec
tor
�P
ower
and
cem
ent
indu
stri
es a
lso
aidi
ng g
row
th
in t
he m
etal
s an
d m
inin
g se
ctor
�
Dem
and
for
iron
an
d st
eel
and
subs
eque
nt
requ
irem
ent
of o
ther
str
ateg
ic m
etal
s is
set
to
cont
inue
, gi
ven
the
stro
ng g
row
th e
xpec
tati
ons
for
the
resi
dent
ial
and
com
mer
cial
bu
ildin
g in
dust
ry
Com
peti
tive
ad
vant
ages
�In
dia
hold
s a
fair
adv
anta
ge in
cos
t of
pro
duct
ion
and
conv
ersi
on c
osts
in m
etal
s se
ctor
�
It’s
str
ateg
ic lo
cati
on e
nabl
es c
onve
nien
t ex
port
s to
de
velo
ped
as
wel
l as
th
e fa
st-
deve
lopi
ng
Asi
an m
arke
ts
�In
dia
prod
uces
8
8
min
eral
s–
4
fuel
-rel
ated
m
iner
als,
10
met
allic
min
eral
s, 5
0 n
on-m
etal
lic
min
eral
s an
d 24
min
or m
iner
als
Pol
icy
Sup
port
�“M
ake
in
Indi
a”
– Im
port
su
bsti
tuti
on
and
empl
oym
ent
gene
rati
on
�H
ousi
ng f
or a
ll by
20
22 c
alls
for
bui
ldin
g up
60
m
illio
n ho
uses
in u
rban
and
rur
al a
reas
. �
“Sm
art
Cit
ies”
–
calls
fo
r bu
ildin
g ur
ban
infr
astr
uctu
re
over
ne
xt
20
year
s to
im
prov
e qu
alit
y of
life
. �
Em
phas
is o
n us
age
of E
Vs
and
Hyb
rid
Veh
icle
s.
�D
igit
al
Indi
a –
to
tran
sfor
m
the
coun
try
into
di
gita
lly e
mpo
wer
ed s
ocie
ty.
�10
0 p
er c
ent
FDI
allo
wed
in
the
min
ing
sect
or
and
expl
orat
ion
of
met
al
and
non
-met
al
ores
un
der
the
Aut
omat
ic R
oute
. U
nder
th
e U
nion
B
udge
t 20
18-1
9,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
adde
d a
surc
harg
e of
10
per
cen
t on
ag
greg
ate
duti
es o
f cu
stom
s on
im
port
ed g
oods
to
str
engt
hen
the
dom
esti
c in
dust
ry.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
49
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Sin
ce in
depe
nden
ce, I
ndia
has
mad
e m
ajor
adv
ance
s in
eng
inee
ring
and
oth
er
sect
ors.
The
eco
nom
ic g
row
th h
as b
een
driv
en b
y th
e ex
pans
ion
of s
ervi
ces
sect
or t
hat
have
bee
n gr
owin
g co
nsis
tent
ly f
aste
r th
an o
ther
sec
tors
. A
t th
e tu
rn o
f th
e ce
ntur
y In
dia'
s G
DP
was
at
arou
nd U
S$4
80
bill
ion,
whi
ch g
rew
al
mos
t fi
ve f
old
to r
each
US
$ 2
.2 t
rilli
on i
n th
e ye
ar 2
015
(as
per
IM
F es
tim
ates
) as
the
eco
nom
ic r
efor
ms
pick
ed u
p pa
ce.
Indi
a's
GD
P
grow
th
duri
ng
Janu
ary–
Mar
ch
peri
od
of
2015
w
as
at
7.5%
co
mpa
red
to
Chi
na's
7%
, m
akin
g it
ev
en
fast
er
grow
ing
econ
omy.
In
dian
E
cono
my
grew
at
7.6
% &
7.1
% i
n FY
20
15-1
6 a
nd F
Y 2
016
-17
resp
ecti
vely
as
maj
or r
efor
ms
had
take
n pl
ace
like
Dem
onet
izat
ion
and
Impl
emen
tati
on o
f G
ST
whi
ch r
esul
ted
in lo
wer
ing
the
Eco
nom
ic G
row
th d
urin
g 20
17-1
8, h
owev
er it
is
expe
cted
to
grow
at
6.7
and
for
ecas
ted
to r
ebou
nd t
o 7.
4%
by
2018
-19
.
The
seve
ral
adva
ntag
es,
w.r
.t.
impl
emen
tati
on
of
the
proj
ect
can
be
high
light
ed a
s un
der:
Figu
re 2
5: S
tron
g Po
licie
s sup
port
influ
enci
ng G
row
th o
f Met
als v
is-a-
vis N
ew In
vest
men
ts
2.5.
8.
CO
NC
LUSI
ON
Whi
le
Chi
le s
till
refi
nes
a su
bsta
ntia
l po
rtio
n of
th
e w
orld
’s
copp
er
(giv
en
its
pred
omin
ance
as
the
wor
ld’s
lar
gest
cop
per
min
er),
refi
ned
copp
er p
rodu
ctio
n is
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
50
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
sour
ced
clos
er t
o th
e en
d m
arke
ts, w
ith
Chi
na n
ow t
he l
arge
st p
rodu
cer
of r
efin
ed
copp
er g
loba
lly.
This
is
prim
arily
dri
ven
by t
he e
cono
mic
s; i
.e.,
it i
s fe
asib
le t
o tr
ansp
ort
copp
er c
once
ntra
tes
from
dis
tant
min
e lo
cati
ons
to t
he s
mel
ters
, w
hile
ad
ding
onl
y a
smal
l am
ount
to
the
land
ed c
ost.
Thi
s m
akes
it
poss
ible
for
the
sm
elte
rs a
nd r
efin
ers
to b
e lo
cate
d cl
oser
to
the
end
cons
umer
s.
The
adva
nced
cut
ting
edg
e, s
tate
-of-
the-
art
tech
nolo
gy o
f th
e C
oppe
r pr
oduc
ts w
ill
give
sup
erio
r pr
oduc
t qu
alit
y, w
hich
will
pro
vide
eas
y m
arke
t pe
netr
atio
n of
the
pr
oduc
t in
Indi
a as
wel
l as
over
seas
.
Bas
ed o
n th
e ab
ove
fact
s an
d fi
gure
s, it
can
be
conc
lude
d th
at m
arke
ting
and
sal
es
of 1
,00
0,0
00
TP
A o
f C
oppe
r ca
n be
ach
ieve
d.
2.6
.MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K F
OR
SU
LPH
UR
IC A
CID
: (SO
UR
CE
AR
GU
SMED
IA R
EPO
RT)
2.6
.1.
GLO
BA
L S
ULP
HU
RIC
AC
ID D
EMA
ND
& S
UP
PLY
Sup
ply:
�In
20
14, a
roun
d 24
3 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d w
ere
prod
uced
on
glo
bal
basi
s.
�B
y 20
20,
glob
al p
rodu
ctio
n fo
reca
sts
to r
each
aro
und
269
mn
t of
S
ulph
uric
Aci
d.
�B
y 20
25,
glob
al p
rodu
ctio
n fo
reca
sts
to r
each
aro
und
281
mn
t of
S
ulph
uric
Aci
d.
Dem
and:
�In
20
14, a
roun
d 24
5 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d w
ere
cons
umed
on
glob
al
basi
s.
�B
y 20
20,
glob
al
cons
umpt
ion
is
fore
cast
to
re
ach
270
m
n t
of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid.
Gro
wth
in
cons
umpt
ion
is e
xpec
ted
in L
atin
Am
eric
a,
Mid
dle
Eas
t, S
outh
Asi
a an
d E
ast
Asi
a.
�B
y 20
25, g
loba
l su
lphu
ric
acid
con
sum
ptio
n is
for
ecas
t at
aro
und
281
mn
t.
2.6
.2.
IND
IA S
ULP
HU
RIC
AC
ID D
EMA
ND
& S
UP
PLY
Sup
ply:
�In
20
14,
arou
nd 1
0 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d w
ere
prod
uced
in
Indi
a.
6.1
6m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d is
pro
duce
d fr
om E
lem
enta
l S
ulph
ur r
oute
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
51
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
whi
ch i
s im
port
ed a
nd 3
.79
mn
t of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
is p
rodu
ced
from
S
mel
ting
rou
te (
Cop
per
and
Zinc
Sm
elti
ng)
�
By
2020
, In
dia
prod
ucti
on f
orec
asts
to
reac
h ar
ound
10
.6 m
n t
of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid.
6.8
mn
t of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
is p
rodu
ced
from
Ele
men
tal
Sul
phur
rou
te w
hich
will
be
impo
rted
and
3.7
9 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d is
pro
duce
d fr
om S
mel
ting
rou
te (
Cop
per
and
Zinc
Sm
elti
ng)
�B
y 20
25,
Indi
a pr
oduc
tion
for
ecas
ts t
o re
ach
arou
nd 1
0.6
mn
t of
S
ulph
uric
Aci
d. 6
.8 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d is
pro
duce
d fr
om E
lem
enta
l S
ulph
ur r
oute
whi
ch w
ill b
e im
port
ed a
nd 3
.79
mn
t of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
is p
rodu
ced
from
Sm
elti
ng r
oute
( C
oppe
r an
d Zi
nc S
mel
ting
)
Dem
and:
�In
20
14, a
roun
d 10
.6 m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d w
ere
cons
umed
in
Sou
th
Asi
a, o
f w
hich
97%
is
cons
umed
in
Indi
a an
d re
st w
as c
onsu
med
in
P
akis
tan
and
Ban
glad
esh.
Of
the
Vol
ume
cons
umed
in In
dia,
55%
is f
or
Fert
ilize
r us
e an
d ba
lanc
e in
the
indu
stri
al a
pplic
atio
ns.
�B
y 20
20, c
onsu
mpt
ion
in In
dia
is f
orec
ast
to r
each
11
mn
t of
Sul
phur
ic
Aci
d.
Gro
wth
in
co
nsum
ptio
n in
In
dia
is
expe
cted
in
Fe
rtili
zer
appl
icat
ion
to 6
.5m
n t
from
5.8
mn
t S
ulph
uric
Aci
d in
20
14.
�B
y 20
25, s
ulph
uric
aci
d co
nsum
ptio
n i
n In
dia
is f
orec
ast
at a
roun
d 11
m
n t.
Sul
furi
c ac
id i
s us
ed i
n th
e pr
oduc
tion
of
num
erou
s go
ods
incl
udin
g va
riou
s cl
eani
ng a
gent
s, d
omes
tic
acid
ic d
rain
cle
aner
s an
d el
ectr
olyt
es
in l
ead-
acid
bat
teri
es.
The
maj
or u
ses
of s
ulfu
ric
acid
are
fer
tiliz
ers’
pr
oduc
tion
, w
aste
wat
er t
reat
men
t, p
etro
leum
ref
inin
g, a
nd c
hem
ical
sy
nthe
sis.
A
s pe
r In
tern
atio
nal
Fert
ilize
r A
ssoc
iati
on,
glob
ally
ab
out
40
%
of
su
lphu
r /
sulp
huri
c ac
id a
pplic
atio
n is
con
sum
ed f
or p
hosp
hate
bas
ed
fert
ilize
r m
akin
g, 6
% i
s us
ed i
n m
akin
g ot
her
fert
ilize
rs,
whi
le 4
5 %
is
used
as
indu
stri
al s
ulph
uric
aci
d ap
plic
atio
ns a
nd b
alan
ce q
uant
ity
is
used
for
mis
cella
neou
s pu
rpos
es.
As
per
Cry
stal
Mar
ket
Res
earc
h gr
oup,
the
glo
bal
indu
stry
ana
lysi
s an
d fo
reca
st,
The
Sul
furi
c A
cid
Mar
ket
was
wor
th U
SD
8.9
9 b
illio
n du
ring
th
e ye
ar 2
014
, whi
ch w
as e
xpec
ted
to r
each
app
roxi
mat
ely
US
D 1
1.9
6
billi
on b
y 20
23,
whi
le r
egis
teri
ng i
tsel
f at
a c
ompo
und
annu
al g
row
th
rate
(C
AG
R)
of 3
.22%
dur
ing
the
fore
cast
per
iod
2014
– 2
023
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
52
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Dur
ing
the
year
20
16,
the
fert
ilize
rs w
as t
he n
otew
orth
y ap
plic
atio
n fr
agm
ent
and
repr
esen
ted
arou
nd 5
4 p
erce
nt o
f th
e ge
nera
l m
arke
t in
com
e. E
xpan
ding
int
eres
t fo
r en
hanc
ed n
atur
e of
har
vest
and
ris
ing
popu
lace
all-
incl
usiv
e ar
e pr
obab
ly g
oing
to
boos
t th
e m
arke
t ov
er t
he
pred
icta
ble
peri
od. F
ast
urba
niza
tion
and
ind
ustr
ializ
atio
n ar
e br
ingi
ng
abou
t th
e di
min
ishm
ent
of a
rabl
e la
nd, w
hich
thu
s is
dri
ving
the
far
mer
s to
mak
e us
e of
fer
tiliz
ers
for
expa
ndin
g cr
op y
ield
. R
isin
g us
age
of
H2S
O4
for
the
gen
erat
ion
of v
alue
man
ures
for
far
min
g us
e to
sup
port
cr
eati
on c
apac
itie
s is
ant
icip
ated
to
impe
l mar
ket
deve
lopm
ent.
Th
e ri
sing
req
uire
men
t fo
r H
2SO
4 f
rom
cou
ntri
es l
ike
Indo
nesi
a an
d P
hilip
pine
s ar
e an
tici
pate
d to
hel
p A
sia
Pac
ific
reg
iona
l mar
ket
over
the
co
njec
ture
ti
me
fram
e.
The
cost
s of
su
lphu
ric
acid
ar
e fo
rtif
ying
be
caus
e of
the
ris
ing
inte
rest
for
the
pro
duct
in A
sia
Pac
ific
. Exp
andi
ng
need
to
exte
nd t
he g
ener
atio
n of
pho
spha
te m
anur
e be
caus
e of
ris
ing
com
post
seg
men
t an
d st
ring
ent
envi
ronm
enta
l con
trol
s co
ncer
ning
the
as
sem
blin
g of
eco
logi
cally
fri
endl
y pr
oduc
t is
pro
babl
y go
ing
to s
uppo
rt
the
mar
ket
over
the
com
ing
year
s. R
isin
g de
man
d fr
om p
hos
phor
ic a
nd
indu
stri
al
acid
di
visi
ons
attr
ibut
able
to
an
ex
pans
ion
in
the
deve
lopm
ent
of
harv
ests
an
d hi
gher
pr
oduc
t yi
elds
is
ex
pect
ed
to
trig
ger
deve
lopm
ent
in C
hina
mar
ket.
The
dev
elop
ing
supp
ly o
f H
2SO
4
prod
ucts
fro
m M
oroc
co a
nd S
audi
Ara
bia
is a
ntic
ipat
ed t
o go
ad t
he
mar
ket
over
the
pre
dict
able
per
iod.
An
expa
nsio
n in
the
qua
ntit
y of
aci
d pl
ants
to
fulf
ill d
evel
opin
g bu
yer
dem
and
alon
gsid
e th
e ri
sing
sup
ply
of
sulf
ur-c
onsu
med
aci
ds i
n th
e M
iddl
e E
ast
is a
ntic
ipat
ed t
o fu
el t
he
mar
ket
in t
he u
pcom
ing
year
s.
Dem
and
fore
cast
ing
is d
one
by P
at g
row
th b
asis
. Ta
ble
belo
w d
epic
ts
cons
umpt
ion
of s
ulph
uric
aci
d du
ring
20
12 t
o 20
16.
It i
s ob
serv
ed t
hat
ther
e w
as v
ery
low
gro
wth
in
dem
and
duri
ng t
his
peri
od. H
owev
er, i
t is
as
sum
ed t
hat
as I
ndia
n ec
onom
y pi
cks
up,
dem
and
will
sta
rt g
row
ing.
H
ence
, a v
ery
low
CA
GR
of
2% is
ass
umed
for
dem
and
fore
cast
ing.
Tabl
e 2:
Con
sum
ptio
n of
sulp
huric
aci
d du
ring
2012
to 2
016
(KTP
A)
Year
Fe
rtili
zer
Indu
stria
l To
tal
2012
5,
783
4,4
80
10
,26
3 20
13
5,78
3 4
,48
0
10,2
63
2014
5,
783
4,4
80
10
,26
3 20
15
5,9
66
4
,48
0
10,4
46
20
16
6,4
49
4
,48
0
10,9
29
Sou
rce:
FM
B-A
RG
US
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
53
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
proj
ecte
d de
man
d fo
r su
lphu
ric
acid
for
mile
ston
e ye
ars
is g
iven
Tab
le
belo
w.
Tabl
e 3:
Dem
and
Fore
cast
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d in
Indi
a (K
TPA)
Y
Dem
and
2017
-18
1114
8
2019
-20
118
30
2024
-25
128
05
Sou
rce
: FM
B-A
RG
US
The
stri
ngen
t en
viro
nmen
tal r
egul
atio
ns a
re e
xpec
ted
to b
e fo
rese
en w
ith
th
e ex
pand
ed
usag
e of
sm
elte
rs
to
catc
h su
lfur
di
oxid
e pr
oduc
ts.
Mor
eove
r, th
e ex
pand
ing
requ
irem
ent
for
the
prod
uct
from
va
riou
s se
ctor
s,
viz.
lik
e fe
rtili
zers
, m
etal
pr
oces
sing
, ch
emic
al
man
ufac
turi
ng,
pape
r &
pul
p, p
etro
leum
ref
iner
y, a
utom
otiv
e ap
plic
atio
ns e
tc. a
lso
call
for
sulp
huri
c ac
id u
se a
s a
reac
tant
, cat
alys
t, a
nd a
deh
ydra
ting
age
nt.
Suc
h re
quir
emen
ts
are
anti
cipa
ted
to
help
th
e bu
sine
ss.
Add
itio
nally
, th
e re
quir
emen
t of
hig
her
har
vest
yie
ld a
long
wit
h im
prov
ed q
ualit
y of
foo
d fr
om a
gric
ultu
ral
area
are
als
o an
tici
pate
d to
boo
st t
he f
erti
lizer
mar
ket
deve
lopm
ent,
whi
ch w
ill u
ltim
atel
y fl
ouri
sh t
he s
ulfu
ric
acid
mar
ket.
CO
NC
LUSI
ON
:
�In
dia
is
agri
cult
ure
base
d co
untr
y an
d co
nsum
e hu
ge
amou
nt
of
Fert
ilize
r an
d ha
s hu
ge
cons
umpt
ion
in
indu
stri
al
appl
icat
ion.
C
urre
ntly
65%
of
the
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
is p
rodu
ced
thro
ugh
elem
enta
l su
lphu
r ro
ute
and
rest
fro
m b
ase
met
al s
mel
ting
rou
te.
�Th
ere
is
a go
od
oppo
rtun
ity
avai
labl
e to
re
plac
e th
e im
port
ed
elem
enta
l su
lphu
r w
ith
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pro
duce
d fr
om s
mel
tin
g ro
ute
and
redu
cing
the
dep
ende
nce
on t
he s
ame.
�
By
2020
, G
loba
l S
ulph
uric
Aci
d ba
lanc
e is
exp
ecte
d to
sho
rtfa
ll of
ar
ound
1m
n t
of S
ulph
uric
Aci
d an
d by
20
25 it
will
be
arou
nd 4
00
kt.
2.7.
MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K F
OR
PH
OSP
HO
RIC
AC
ID
2.7.
1.IN
DIA
PH
OS
PH
OR
IC A
CID
DEM
AN
D &
SU
PP
LY
Pho
spho
rous
is
one
of t
he m
ost
esse
ntia
l pl
ant
nutr
ient
s. I
n or
der
to
add
extr
a ph
osph
orou
s to
so
il,
phos
phor
ic
acid
is
co
nver
ted
into
ph
osph
ates
tha
t ar
e th
en m
ixed
in
wit
h ot
her
ingr
edie
nts
to f
orm
fe
rtili
zer.
P
hosp
hori
c ac
id
(H3P
O4
) is
th
e le
adin
g in
orga
nic
acid
pr
oduc
ed a
nd c
onsu
med
in t
erm
s of
pro
duct
ion
valu
e. P
hosp
horu
s pl
ays
a m
ajor
ene
rgiz
er r
ole
of p
lant
pro
duct
ion,
it is
cru
cial
to
phot
osyn
thes
is
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
54
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
and
repr
oduc
tion
an
d an
ai
d to
ot
her
yiel
d-d
evel
opin
g pr
oces
ses.
D
iffe
rent
cro
ps r
equi
re d
iffe
rent
qua
ntit
ies
of p
hosp
hate
fer
tiliz
er. M
ost
natu
ral a
nd a
gric
ultu
ral s
oils
are
pho
spho
rus
defi
cien
t.
The
maj
or a
pplic
atio
ns o
f P
hosp
hori
c ac
id c
an b
e su
mm
ariz
ed a
s un
der
�Fe
rtili
zers
& A
nim
al F
eeds
�
Food
and
Bev
erag
e In
dust
ry
�E
dibl
e oi
l and
Sug
ar R
efin
ing
�
Pho
spha
te s
alts
man
ufac
ture
�
Spe
cial
ized
cle
anin
g fo
rmul
atio
ns
�M
etal
Tre
atm
ent
Indu
stry
�
Yea
st m
anuf
actu
ring
�
Bio
-was
te T
reat
men
t P
hosp
hori
c ac
id
is
also
us
ed
in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
ph
osph
ate
chem
ical
s fo
r us
e in
w
ater
tr
eatm
ent
and
dete
rgen
t bu
ilder
s,
dent
ifri
ces,
fi
re
con
trol
ch
emic
als,
an
d a
host
of
sm
alle
r m
arke
ts.
Con
sum
ptio
n of
pho
spho
ric
acid
for
its
acid
pro
pert
ies,
viz
. tre
atm
ent
of
met
al s
urfa
ces,
bev
erag
e ac
idul
atio
n, e
tc. i
s re
lati
vely
sm
all.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
is
the
lead
ing
inte
rmed
iate
pro
duct
bet
wee
n ph
osph
ate
rock
and
th
e en
d m
arke
ts f
or p
hosp
horu
s in
pho
spha
te f
orm
.
Oth
er
impo
rtan
t ph
osph
ate
acti
viti
es
are
the
man
ufac
ture
of
fe
ed
prod
ucts
and
ind
ustr
ial
appl
icat
ions
lik
e fo
od a
nd b
ever
ages
, m
etal
fi
nish
ing,
wat
er t
reat
men
t an
d to
othp
aste
.
The
phos
phor
ic a
cid
is m
anuf
actu
red
by u
sing
sul
phur
ic a
cid,
whi
ch i
n
turn
is
used
to
mak
e ph
osph
ate
fert
ilize
r. T
he v
ario
us p
rodu
cts
incl
ude
viz.
D
i-Am
mon
ium
P
hosp
hate
(D
AP
), M
ono-
Am
mon
ium
P
hosp
hate
(M
AP
), N
itro
gen-
Pho
spho
rous
-Pot
assi
um (
NP
K),
Sin
gle
Sup
er P
hosp
hate
(S
SP
) as
wel
l as
Trip
le u
pper
Pho
spha
te (
TSP
). T
he g
ener
al d
istr
ibut
ion
of p
hosp
hate
fer
tiliz
er p
rodu
cts
as p
er a
pplic
abili
ty is
sho
wn
belo
w.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
55
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 2
6: G
ener
al D
istrib
utio
n of
Pho
spha
te F
ertil
izer P
rodu
cts
a)
Glo
bal S
cena
rio
of P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
The
prim
ary
mar
ket
for
phos
phor
ic
acid
is
th
e pr
oduc
tion
of
th
e ph
osph
ate
fert
ilize
r pr
oduc
ts
amm
oniu
m
phos
phat
es
and
trip
le
supe
rpho
spha
te.
Alm
ost
80
% o
f ph
osph
oric
aci
d is
use
d to
pro
duce
ph
osph
ate
fert
ilize
r. A
sia
is t
he w
orld
's l
arge
st p
rodu
cer
of p
hosp
hori
c ac
id,
wit
h a
roun
d 14
mill
ion
tons
pro
duce
d pe
r ye
ar.
Nor
th A
mer
ica
is
seco
nd
in
prod
ucti
on,
wit
h an
nual
pr
oduc
tion
of
ap
prox
imat
ely
10
mill
ion
tonn
es.
Figu
re
belo
w
show
s th
e pe
rcen
tage
sh
are
of
phos
phor
ic
acid
ap
plic
atio
ns u
nder
var
ious
maj
or a
pplic
atio
n ca
tego
ries
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
56
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 2
7: G
loba
l con
sum
ptio
n sh
are
of P
hosp
horic
Aci
d
The
list
of t
op 1
0 c
ount
ries
whi
ch a
re im
port
ing
/ ex
port
ing
phos
phor
ic
acid
dur
ing
the
year
20
16 a
re s
how
n as
und
er:
Tabl
e 4:
TO
P 10
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Expo
rtin
g / I
mpo
rtin
g Co
untr
ies
TOP
10
PH
OSP
HO
RIC
AC
ID E
XP
OR
TIN
G /
IMP
OR
TIN
G C
OU
NTR
IES
IM
PO
RTE
RS
EXP
OR
TER
S R
AN
K 1
IN
DIA
M
OR
OC
CO
R
AN
K 2
P
AK
ISTA
N
JOR
DA
N
RA
NK
3
FRA
NC
E
SE
NE
GA
L R
AN
K 4
TU
RK
EY
U
SA
R
AN
K 5
N
ETH
ER
LAN
DS
TU
NIS
IA
RA
NK
6
BE
LGIU
M
CH
INA
R
AN
K 7
S
PA
IN
ISR
AE
L R
AN
K 8
S
AU
DI A
RA
BIA
S
OU
TH A
FRIC
A
RA
NK
9
ME
XIC
O
ME
XIC
O
RA
NK
10
B
RA
ZIL
FIN
LAN
D
Sou
rce
: NP
K W
orld
-20
16
FERT
ILIZ
ER
MAN
UFA
CTU
RERS
, 80
SYN
THET
IC
DETE
RGEN
TS
12%
ANIM
AL F
EED
ADDI
TIVE
S 4%
RUSS
IA
3%
GLO
BAL C
ON
SUM
PTIO
N S
HAR
E (%
) OF
PHO
SPH
ORI
C AC
ID P
RODU
CIN
G C
OU
NTR
IES
Sour
ce :
NPK
Wor
ld
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
57
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
2.7.
2.D
EMA
ND
FO
REC
AS
TIN
G
The
P2O
5 pr
oduc
ed
by
the
Indi
an
prod
ucer
s is
co
nver
ted
to
di-
amm
oniu
m
phos
phat
e (D
AP
) fe
rtili
zer
and
nitr
ogen
ph
osph
orus
po
tass
ium
(N
PK
) co
mpl
exes
by
the
prod
ucer
s it
self
. Th
e D
AP
is
the
mos
t po
pula
r ph
osph
ate
fert
ilize
r be
caus
e of
its
hig
h nu
trie
nt c
onte
nt
and
good
phy
sica
l pro
pert
ies.
The
com
posi
tion
of
DA
P is
gen
eral
ly ~
18%
N
itro
gen
and
P2O
5 ~
46
%.
The
nitr
ogen
pho
spho
rus
pota
ssiu
m (
NP
K)
faci
litie
s ar
e al
so
plan
ned
wit
hin
the
sam
e fa
cilit
y as
va
lue-
adde
d do
wns
trea
m p
rodu
cts.
Indi
an p
rodu
ctio
n of
pho
spho
ric
acid
is
esti
mat
ed t
o co
rres
pond
to
arou
nd 3
.6%
of
glob
al p
rodu
ctio
n, w
ith
Indi
an i
mpo
rts
acco
unt
ing
for
arou
nd 4
4%
of
glob
al t
rade
in 2
015
.
Bes
ides
thi
s, h
uge
impo
rt is
reg
iste
red
in In
dia.
Th
us, t
he e
ntir
e im
port
is
the
mar
ket
size
for
P2O
5 as
thi
s de
man
d ca
n be
met
by
impo
rt-
subs
titu
tion
by
the
dom
esti
c pl
ayer
s an
d ne
w e
ntra
nts.
Im
port
of
P2O
5 du
ring
20
11-1
2 to
20
15-1
6 is
giv
en in
bel
ow.
Tabl
e 5:
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Impo
rt -
Coun
try
Wise
Impo
rt (K
TPA)
S o u r c e : F e r t Sou
rce:
Fer
tiliz
er S
tati
stic
s, 2
016
-17,
Fer
tiliz
er A
ssoc
iati
on o
f In
dia
Dur
ing
last
10
ye
ars,
im
port
of
P
2O5
grew
by
a
CA
GR
of
4
.5%
. M
eanw
hile
, Gov
ernm
ent
of In
dia
has
giv
en s
peci
al t
hrus
t on
the
gro
wth
an
d de
velo
pmen
t of
agr
icul
ture
sec
tor
whi
ch i
s am
ply
clea
r in
the
cu
rren
t bu
dget
. H
ence
, in
fu
ture
, it
is
ex
pect
ed
that
de
man
d fo
r fe
rtili
zer
will
gro
w a
t a
high
er r
ate.
In v
iew
of
thes
e, im
port
of
is P
2O5
is
assu
med
to
grow
by
a C
AG
R o
f 5%
.
Cou
ntry
Wis
e Im
port
C
ount
ry
2011
-12
2012
-13
2013
-14
20
14-1
5 20
15-1
6
Mor
occo
8
80
758
1
,017
938
1
,035
Jo
rdan
-
10
-
153
318
S
eneg
al
32
1
-
16
8
1
54
2
47
U
SA
314
2
99
295
236
178
Tu
nisi
a
95
212
52
19
3
1
28
Vie
tnam
-
-
-
24
10
7
Sou
th A
fric
a
2
08
82
96
25
6
2
Isra
el
8
8
4
0
4
8
5
0
61
S
audi
Ara
bia
-
39
9
4
8
-
31
Chi
na
-
12
4
8
4
4
Bra
zil
-
-
4
8
6
1
O
ther
s
-
18
48
10
13
To
tal
190
6
1830
18
68
17
92
218
5
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
58
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
phos
phor
ic a
cid
mar
ket
is d
rive
n by
ind
ustr
ial
appl
icat
ions
, w
hich
ar
e ex
pect
ed t
o gr
ow b
y al
mos
t 5%
per
yea
r th
roug
h th
e fo
reca
st
peri
od, f
ollo
wed
by
anim
al f
eed
and
fert
ilize
rs a
t 3.
4%
and
1.7
% p
er y
ear,
resp
ecti
vely
. O
n a
volu
me
basi
s, p
rodu
ctio
n of
DA
P h
as t
he
larg
est
infl
uenc
e on
glo
bal p
hosp
hori
c ac
id g
row
th r
ates
, acc
ount
ing
for
35%
of
glob
al c
onsu
mpt
ion,
and
is
proj
ecte
d to
gro
w a
t ab
out
2% p
er y
ear
thro
ugh
2020
.
Tabl
e 6:
Indi
a’s I
mpo
rt o
f DAP
dur
ing
2011
-12
to 2
015-
16 (K
TPA)
Cou
ntry
Wis
e Im
port
C
ount
ry
2011
-12
2012
-13
2013
-14
20
14-1
5 20
15-1
6
Chi
na
2
,427
2,5
33
1,7
17
1
,90
6
3
,48
4
Sau
di A
rabi
a
2
77
1
,04
1
70
6
1
,18
6
1
,44
8
US
A
2,
06
0
1
,031
7
08
4
59
69
1
Rus
sia
619
1
19
-
-
30
4
Jord
an
458
2
79
130
3
02
81
M
oroc
co
60
9
622
-
-
-
O
ther
s
4
65
77
-
-
-
To
tal
69
15
570
2 32
61
3853
6
00
8
Mar
ket
size
P
2O5
for
the
dom
esti
c pl
ayer
s ba
sed
on
the
abov
e as
sum
ptio
n is
giv
en in
Tab
le b
elow
.
Tabl
e 7:
Mar
ket s
ize (d
eman
d fo
r im
port
-sub
stitu
tion)
of P
2O5
for t
he d
omes
tic p
laye
rs
(KTP
A)
Yea
r M
arke
t si
ze
2017
-18
22
35.5
2019
-20
24
64
.6
2024
-25
299
5.7
2.7.
3.M
AJO
R P
RO
DU
CER
S
Maj
or p
rodu
cers
of
P2O
5 ar
e gi
ven
tabl
e be
low
. Ins
talle
d ca
paci
ty, a
s on
1s
t N
ovem
ber,
2017
, of
thes
e co
mpa
nies
are
as
follo
ws:
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
59
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Tabl
e 8:
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Prod
uctio
n Ca
paci
ty –
Pla
nts I
n In
dia
Sl.N
o P
lant
Nam
e C
apac
ity
('000
T)
1 IF
FCO
, Par
adee
p 8
75
2 P
arad
eep
Pho
spha
tes,
Par
adee
p
300
3
Hin
dalc
o, D
ahej
18
0
4
Cor
omon
del I
nter
nati
onal
, Viz
ag
150
5
Gre
enst
ar F
erti
lizer
s, T
utic
orin
12
5 6
FA
CT,
Coc
hin
11
5 7
Cor
omon
del I
nter
nati
onal
, Enn
ore
66
8
G
SFC
, Vad
odar
a 54
9
FA
CT,
Udy
ogm
anda
l 33
10
R
CF,
Tro
mba
y 30
11
Ta
ta C
hem
ical
s, H
aldi
a 28
12
S
terl
ite
Indu
stri
es, T
utic
orin
*
230
Tota
l 21
86
* N
ot a
cap
tive
use
r an
d sa
le in
ope
n m
arke
t
2.7.
4.
CO
NC
LUSI
ON
:
Look
ing
at t
he im
port
of
Ph
osph
oric
Aci
d an
d P
hosp
hati
c Fe
rtili
zer
in t
he
Indi
an m
arke
t, s
ales
of
500
KTP
A o
f P
hos
phor
ic A
cid
(10
0%
P2O
5 B
asis
), is
pos
sibl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
60
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
2.8
.MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K F
OR
ALU
MIN
UM
FLU
OR
IDE
2.8
.1.
IND
IA A
LUM
INU
M F
LUO
RID
E D
EMA
ND
& S
UP
PLY
Alu
min
um f
luor
ide
(AlF
3) is
an
inor
gani
c co
mpo
und
used
pri
mar
ily in
the
pr
oduc
tion
of
Alu
min
um. A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e is
an
impo
rtan
t ad
diti
ve f
or
the
prod
ucti
on o
f A
lum
inum
by
elec
trol
ysis
. Tog
ethe
r w
ith
cryo
lite,
it
low
ers
the
mel
ting
po
int
to
belo
w
100
0 °
C
and
incr
ease
s th
e co
nduc
tivi
ty o
f th
e so
luti
on.
It i
s in
to t
his
mol
ten
salt
tha
t A
lum
inum
ox
ide
is d
isso
lved
an
d th
en e
lect
roly
zed
to g
ive
bulk
Alu
min
um m
etal
. Th
us,
addi
ng A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e to
the
pro
duct
ion
proc
ess
of p
rim
ary
Alu
min
um
low
ers
the
cons
umpt
ion
of
elec
tric
ity
requ
ired
in
th
e sm
elti
ng p
roce
ss a
nd t
here
by c
onsi
dera
bly
cont
ribu
tes
to t
he r
educ
tion
of
pro
duct
ion
cost
s of
Alu
min
um.
Chi
na i
s th
e le
adin
g m
anuf
actu
rer
of a
lum
inum
flu
orid
e ac
ross
the
gl
obe
and
cons
titu
tes
sign
ific
ant
port
ion
of t
he g
loba
l m
arke
t sh
are.
M
oreo
ver
owin
g to
ove
r ex
ploi
tati
on o
f m
ajor
raw
mat
eria
l so
urce
s in
C
hina
, the
pro
duct
ion
is a
ntic
ipat
ed t
o de
clin
e in
the
nea
r fu
ture
. Hig
h G
DP
gro
wth
and
inc
reas
ing
disp
osab
le i
nco
me
in I
ndia
and
Chi
na h
ave
led
to h
igh
grow
th in
sev
eral
end
use
r in
dust
ries
incl
udin
g au
tom
obile
s,
phar
mac
euti
cal,
pack
agin
g, a
eros
pace
, con
stru
ctio
n am
ong
othe
rs. H
igh
grow
th in
end
use
r in
dust
ries
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e am
ong
fore
mos
t fa
ctor
s dr
ivin
g de
man
d fo
r al
umin
um f
luor
ide
in t
he r
egio
n.
a)
D
eman
d fo
reca
stin
g
The
Alu
min
um
smel
ters
in
In
dia
and
abro
ad
are
incr
easi
ng
thei
r A
lum
inum
pr
oduc
tion
ca
paci
ties
an
d ne
w
Alu
min
um
smel
ters
ar
e co
min
g up
wit
h hi
gh c
apac
itie
s, r
esul
ting
in
an i
ncre
ased
dem
and
for
AlF
3.
The
stro
nger
eco
nom
ic g
row
th t
o su
ppor
t A
lum
inum
con
sum
ptio
n
�D
eman
d of
Alu
min
um in
Indi
a is
exp
ecte
d to
gro
w o
n a
ccou
nt
of
grow
th
in
sect
ors
like
elec
tric
ity,
tr
ansp
ort,
bu
ildin
g,
cons
truc
tion
and
pac
kagi
ng a
nd d
efen
se a
nd a
eros
pace
sec
tor.
�
Con
sum
ptio
n of
Alu
min
um in
Indi
a is
est
imat
ed a
t 3.
4 m
illio
n
tonn
es in
FY
17, a
nd is
for
ecas
ted
to r
each
to
5.3
mill
ion
tonn
es
by 2
020
. Th
e ch
art
belo
w
show
s In
dia’
s co
ntri
buti
on
in
glob
al
Alu
min
um
prod
ucti
on.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
61
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 2
8: In
dia’
s sha
re in
glo
bal a
lum
inum
pro
duct
ion
Dem
and
fore
cast
ing
for
Alu
min
um f
luor
ide
is b
ased
on
proj
ecti
on o
f A
lum
inum
pro
duct
ion
by p
ast
grow
th b
asis
. Dur
ing
the
peri
od b
etw
een
ye
ars
200
9-1
0 t
o 20
16-1
7 pr
oduc
tion
of
Alu
min
um g
rew
by
a C
AG
R o
f 2.
4%
. Fut
ure
proj
ecti
on o
n A
lum
inum
pro
duct
ion
is d
one
by a
ssum
ing
a C
AG
R o
f 3%
for
20
17-1
8 t
o 20
24-2
5.
Dem
and
fore
cast
ing
for
Alu
min
um f
luor
ide
is a
lso
base
d on
its
spe
cifi
c co
nsum
ptio
n as
18
kg
for
prod
ucin
g on
e to
ne o
f A
lum
inum
. B
ased
on
thes
e as
sum
ptio
ns, f
utur
e de
man
d fo
r A
lum
inum
are
as
give
n
in T
able
bel
ow :
Tabl
e 9:
Pro
ject
ed d
eman
d fo
r Alu
min
um fl
uorid
e (T
onne
s)
Yea
r D
eman
d 20
17-1
8
3236
8
2019
-20
34
339
20
24-2
5 39
80
8
b)
M
ajor
Pro
duce
rs o
f A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e in
Indi
a
For
Indi
an A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e in
dust
ry,
the
dom
esti
c ca
paci
ty i
s qu
ite
limit
ed a
nd o
nly
a fe
w p
laye
rs a
re t
here
suc
h as
Tan
fac
Indu
stri
es,
Alu
fluo
ride
, Sou
ther
n P
etro
chem
ical
Indu
stri
es (
SP
IC).
Inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty
/ pr
oduc
tion
, the
se c
ompa
nies
are
as
follo
ws
:
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
62
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect Tabl
e 10
: Maj
or P
rodu
cers
of A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e in
Indi
a
Com
pany
In
stal
led
capa
city
(To
nnes
) Ta
nfac
Indu
stri
es
154
00
T
Alu
fluo
ride
(P
rodu
ctio
n 20
17)
620
1 T
SP
IC *
72
60
T
Nav
in F
luor
ide
Ear
lier
prod
ucin
g bu
t no
w n
ot
prod
ucin
g *
: A
s pe
r de
tails
col
lect
ed f
rom
SP
IC; a
nd p
lant
wor
king
as
330
day
s/yr
bas
is
Thus
, Ind
ia m
eets
its
maj
or r
equi
rem
ent
of A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e th
roug
h im
port
s. C
ontr
ibut
ion
of A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e in
cos
t of
pro
duct
ion
of
alum
inum
met
al is
aro
und
1.5
%. T
he d
eman
d fo
r A
lF3
will
incr
ease
wit
h th
e op
erat
iona
lizat
ion
of e
xpan
sion
pro
ject
s.
c)
Fu
ture
Out
look
for
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
As
per
Asi
an M
etal
, Chi
na s
tart
ed r
educ
ing
expo
rt o
f A
lum
inu
m f
luor
ide.
In
vie
w o
f th
is,
the
supp
ly s
itua
tion
in
Indi
a is
now
tig
ht.
Hen
ce,
the
dom
esti
c pl
ayer
s ar
e lik
ely
to h
ave
bett
er m
arke
t in
fut
ure.
C
oncl
usio
n:
�W
ith
incr
ease
in
Alu
min
um p
rodu
ctio
n ca
paci
ty,
requ
irem
ent
of
the
Alu
min
um f
lour
ide
is a
lso
goin
g to
gro
w.
This
is
goin
g to
pro
vide
op
port
unit
y fo
r im
port
sub
stit
utio
n.
2.9
.MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K F
OR
CO
PP
ER S
LAG
Cop
per
Sla
g is
als
o ca
lled
as Ir
on S
ilica
te in
Eur
ope
and
Ferr
osan
d in
Kor
ea.
Iron
sili
cate
/ fe
rro
sand
has
wid
e ap
plic
atio
n su
ch a
s
�B
last
ing
abra
sive
�
Iron
pro
duct
ion,
�
Cem
ent
Man
ufac
turi
ng
�C
oncr
ete
man
ufac
turi
ng,
�C
onst
ruct
ion,
�
Pav
ing
Blo
cks
�A
nti S
kid
Sur
face
Coa
ting
�
Hea
vy C
oncr
ete
App
licat
ion.
Euro
pean
Cop
per
Inst
itut
e (E
CI)
EC
I’s R
EAC
H C
lass
ific
atio
n, L
abel
ling
and
Pac
kagi
ng p
ropo
sals
for
Sla
g, c
oppe
r sm
elti
ng (
high
qua
lity
slag
pro
duct
s) :
�N
o cl
assi
fica
tion
and
no
labe
lling
for
Hum
an H
ealt
h or
the
Env
iron
men
t
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
63
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
As
per
EC
I, th
e lis
t of
“Id
enti
fied
use
s” c
onta
ined
wit
hin
the
Che
mic
al S
afet
y R
epor
t fo
r S
lag,
cop
per
smel
ting
(hi
gh q
ualit
y sl
ag p
rodu
cts)
is p
rese
nted
as
belo
w.
Figu
re 2
9: Id
entif
ied
uses
” con
tain
ed w
ithin
the
Chem
ical
Saf
ety
Repo
rt fo
r Sla
g
2.10
.MA
RK
ET O
UTL
OO
K F
OR
GY
PSU
M: I
ND
IA S
CEN
AR
IO
Gyp
sum
is
com
mon
ly u
sed
in
indu
stri
al
and
Agr
icul
tura
l app
licat
ions
wor
ldw
ide.
P
hosp
hogy
psum
ref
ers
spec
ific
ally
to
th
e gy
psum
fo
rmed
as
a
by-p
rodu
ct
of
proc
essi
ng p
hosp
hate
ore
into
fer
tiliz
er w
ith
sulf
uric
aci
d.
Pho
spho
gyps
um h
as m
any
envi
ronm
enta
lly s
afe
and
econ
omic
ally
fea
sibl
e po
tent
ial
uses
suc
h as
: �
A r
oad
base
tha
t is
che
aper
and
as
effe
ctiv
e, i
f no
t m
ore,
as
curr
ent
road
bas
e m
ater
ials
�
An
agri
cult
ural
soi
l am
endm
ent
whi
ch w
ould
pro
vide
muc
h ne
eded
sul
fur
to t
he
soil
�A
mat
eria
l to
mak
e ce
ram
ic r
oofi
ng t
iles.
�
A m
ater
ial f
or m
arin
e su
bstr
ate,
suc
h as
oys
ter
culc
h.
G
ypsu
m is
maj
orly
use
d in
Cem
ent
Man
ufac
turi
ng a
s a
reta
rder
. The
ris
ing
cost
s of
raw
m
ater
ials
lik
e gy
psum
and
coa
l ha
ve b
een
play
ing
a he
avy
stra
in o
n th
e ce
men
t an
d co
nstr
ucti
on i
ndus
try.
As
resu
lt, I
ndia
n ce
men
t an
d pl
aste
r bo
ard
com
pani
es h
ave
to
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
64
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
expl
ore
alte
rnat
e so
urce
s of
gyp
sum
; suc
h as
Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
. App
rox.
4-5
% G
ypsu
m
is u
sed
in c
emen
t m
anuf
actu
ring
. P
rese
nt g
ypsu
m s
ourc
es f
or In
dia
�Lo
cal n
atur
al g
ypsu
m
�Im
port
ed n
atur
al g
ypsu
m
�B
y-pr
oduc
t gy
psum
Use
of
Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
will
be
supp
ort
the
follo
win
g:
�C
onse
rvin
g N
atur
al R
esou
rces
�
Sav
ing
in F
orei
gn R
eser
ves
�U
tilis
atio
n of
the
by-
prod
ucts
eff
ecti
vely
; pr
ovid
ing
supp
ort
for
beco
min
g se
lf-
suff
icie
nt in
fer
tilis
er m
anuf
actu
ring
. C
urre
ntly
, In
dia
is i
mpo
rtin
g a
huge
gyp
sum
qua
ntit
ies
prim
arily
fro
m O
man
, Ir
an,
Thai
land
etc
. Maj
orly
thi
s gy
psum
is im
port
ed b
y ce
men
t in
dust
ries
for
usi
ng it
in t
heir
pr
oduc
tion
pro
cess
. In
dia
is t
he s
econ
d la
rges
t pr
oduc
er o
f ce
men
t in
the
wor
ld. N
o w
onde
r, In
dia'
s ce
men
t in
dust
ry i
s a
vita
l pa
rt o
f it
s ec
onom
y, p
rovi
ding
em
ploy
men
t to
mor
e th
an a
mill
ion
pe
ople
, dir
ectl
y or
indi
rect
ly. E
ver
sinc
e it
was
der
egul
ated
in 1
98
2, t
he In
dian
cem
ent
indu
stry
has
att
ract
ed h
uge
inve
stm
ents
, bot
h fr
om In
dian
as
wel
l as
fore
ign
inve
stor
s.
The
cem
ent
indu
stry
in
Indi
a is
con
tinu
ousl
y gr
owin
g. A
ccor
ding
to
vari
ous
rese
arch
re
port
s an
d in
vie
w o
f th
e up
com
ing
mas
sive
inf
rast
ruct
ure
deve
lopm
ents
, the
Ind
ian
cem
ent
cons
umpt
ion
is e
xpec
ted
to in
crea
se a
t a
rate
of
9-1
1 %
per
yea
r.
Indi
a ha
s a
lot
of p
oten
tial
for
dev
elop
men
t in
the
inf
rast
ruct
ure
and
cons
truc
tion
se
ctor
and
the
cem
ent
sect
or is
exp
ecte
d to
larg
ely
bene
fit
from
it. T
he G
over
nmen
t of
In
dia
is s
tron
gly
focu
sed
on in
fras
truc
ture
dev
elop
men
t to
boo
st e
cono
mic
gro
wth
and
is
aim
ing
for
100
sm
art
citi
es. T
he g
over
nmen
t al
so in
tend
s to
exp
and
the
capa
city
of
the
railw
ays
and
the
faci
litie
s fo
r ha
ndlin
g an
d st
orag
e to
eas
e th
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
of
cem
ent
and
redu
ce t
rans
port
atio
n co
sts.
The
se m
easu
res
wou
ld l
ead
to i
ncre
ased
co
nstr
ucti
on a
ctiv
ity
ther
eby
boos
ting
cem
ent
dem
and.
A
s of
Sep
tem
ber
2018
, all
Indi
a in
stal
led
capa
city
was
aro
und
48
0 M
T. A
tot
al o
f 21
0
larg
e ce
men
t pl
ants
tog
ethe
r ac
coun
t fo
r 4
10 m
illio
n to
nnes
of
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty i
n th
e co
untr
y, w
hile
35
0
min
i ce
men
t pl
ants
m
ake
up
the
rest
. O
f th
e to
tal
210
la
rge
cem
ent
plan
ts in
Indi
a, 7
7 ar
e lo
cate
d in
the
sta
tes
of A
ndhr
a P
rade
sh, R
ajas
than
an
d Ta
mil
Nad
u. C
emen
t pr
oduc
tion
in
Indi
a in
crea
sed
from
230
.49
mill
ion
ton
nes
in
2011
-12
to 2
97.
56 m
illio
n to
nnes
in 2
017
-18
. O
f th
e to
tal
capa
city
, 9
8 p
er c
ent
lies
wit
h th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
and
the
res
t w
ith
the
publ
ic s
ecto
r. T
he t
op 2
0 c
ompa
nies
acc
ount
for
aro
und
70 p
er c
ent
of t
he t
otal
pr
oduc
tion
. In
FY
19, c
emen
t de
man
d is
exp
ecte
d to
gro
w b
y 7-
8 p
er c
ent.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
65
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Indi
a’s
expo
rts
of c
emen
t, c
linke
r an
d as
best
os c
emen
t in
crea
sed
at C
AG
R o
f 10
.37
per
cent
bet
wee
n FY
12-F
Y18
to
reac
h U
S$ 4
33.8
7 m
illio
n. D
urin
g th
e sa
me
peri
od im
port
s of
cem
ent,
clin
ker
and
asbe
stos
cem
ent
incr
ease
d at
a C
AG
R o
f 11
.14
per
cen
t to
US
$ 17
4.3
6 m
illio
n in
FY
18.
Cem
ent,
clin
ker
and
asbe
stos
cem
ent
expo
rts
and
impo
rts
of
Indi
a st
ood
at U
S$
237.
75 m
illio
n an
d U
S$
79.6
1 m
illio
n du
ring
Apr
il-S
epte
mbe
r 20
18,
resp
ecti
vely
. The
maj
or c
halle
nges
fac
ed b
y th
e In
dian
cem
ent
indu
stry
are
hig
her
raw
m
ater
ial p
rice
s, e
spec
ially
the
pri
ces
of c
oal,
gyps
um a
nd f
ly a
sh.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
66
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-3: P
RO
CES
S D
ESC
RIP
TIO
N
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
67
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 3
Pro
cess
Des
crip
tion
3.1.
PR
OC
ESS
DES
CR
IPTI
ON
3.1.
1.R
AW
MA
TER
IAL
HA
ND
LIN
G
To h
ave
the
raw
mat
eria
ls h
andl
ing
as t
he m
ost
envi
ronm
ent
frie
ndly
pro
cess
, th
e fo
llow
ing
are
plan
ned:
1.C
once
ntra
te t
rans
port
atio
n fr
om P
ort
to P
lant
con
cent
rate
war
ehou
se b
y P
ipe
Con
veyo
r 2.
Cov
ered
Con
cent
rate
war
ehou
se
3.In
tern
al
tran
spor
tati
on
of
the
conc
entr
ate
by
pipe
co
nvey
or
to
the
furn
ace.
4
.C
over
ed B
in b
uild
ing
for
inte
rmed
iate
sto
rage
of
conc
entr
ate
5.
Cov
ered
Sto
rage
for
oth
er R
aw M
ater
ial d
urin
g ra
iny
seas
on.
3.1.
2.C
ON
CEN
TRA
TE W
AR
EHO
US
E
Con
cent
rate
w
ill
be
impo
rted
fr
om
acro
ss
the
wor
ld.
Con
cent
rate
w
ill
be
unlo
aded
fro
m t
he s
hip
at P
ort
and
will
be
conv
eyed
to
plan
t w
areh
ouse
in p
ipe
conv
eyor
. Th
e co
ncen
trat
e w
ill b
e st
ored
sep
arat
ely
in d
iffe
rent
hea
ps b
ased
on
the
qua
lity
of t
he m
ater
ial.
War
ehou
se w
ill b
e bu
ilt t
o st
ore
at le
ast
25 d
ays
cons
umpt
ion
quan
tity
. Th
is w
ill h
elp
to t
ake
care
of
the
ship
ping
sch
edul
e as
w
ell a
s bl
endi
ng r
equi
rem
ent
as p
er f
urna
ce f
eed
desi
gn.
3.1.
3.FL
UX
STO
RA
GE
AR
EA
Sili
ca S
and,
Lim
e st
one
and
Coa
l will
be
requ
ired
for
add
itio
n in
the
con
cent
rate
fo
r ef
fect
ive
smel
tin
g. T
hey
will
be
stor
ed i
n op
en s
pace
. H
owev
er a
cov
ered
st
orag
e w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or m
inim
um o
f 15
day
s st
orag
e, w
hich
will
be
requ
ired
du
ring
rai
ny s
easo
n co
ntin
uous
ope
rati
ons.
3.
1.4
.B
IN B
UIL
DIN
G
Bin
bui
ldin
g w
ill h
ave
inte
rmed
iate
sto
rage
bin
s to
sto
re d
iffe
rent
qua
lity
of t
he
Cop
per
Con
cent
rate
, Flu
x m
ater
ial a
long
wit
h C
oal a
nd P
roce
ss R
ever
ts. T
hese
bi
ns
will
be
eq
uipp
ed
wit
h w
eigh
ing
syst
em
for
effe
ctiv
e bl
endi
ng
and
mai
ntai
ning
the
met
allu
rgy
of t
he f
urna
ce.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
68
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
30:
Con
cent
rate
& F
lux
Mat
eria
l Han
dlin
g
3.1.
5.R
OTA
RY
STE
AM
DR
YER
/ P
AD
DLE
MIX
ER
Rot
ary
Ste
am D
ryer
or
Pad
dle
mix
er i
s an
onl
ine
Con
cent
rate
& F
lux
(Fee
d M
ixtu
re)
mix
ing
syst
em
requ
ired
ba
sed
on
the
smel
ting
te
chno
logy
. D
ry
conc
entr
ate
is r
equi
rem
ent
for
flas
h te
chno
logy
. Fe
ed M
ixtu
re i
s dr
ied
in
Rot
ary
Ste
am D
ryer
wit
h th
e he
lp o
f th
e pr
oces
s st
eam
. Rot
ary
Ste
am D
ryer
is
used
to
mix
eff
ecti
vely
dif
fere
nt r
atio
of
Con
cent
rate
wit
h fl
ux m
ater
ial a
nd d
ry
the
conc
entr
ate
befo
re f
eedi
ng t
o th
e sm
elti
ng f
urna
ce.
Ste
am g
ener
ated
du
ring
the
sm
elti
ng p
roce
ss i
s us
ed f
or r
otar
y S
team
Dry
er.
Whe
reas
Pad
dle
mix
er is
use
d to
mix
eff
ecti
vely
dif
fere
nt r
atio
of
Con
cent
rate
wit
h fl
ux m
ater
ial
and
will
hav
e pr
ovis
ion
to a
dd m
oist
ure
to g
et r
equi
red
mix
mat
eria
l, su
itab
le
for
furn
ace
feed
. Fe
ed m
ixtu
re w
ith
ade
quat
e m
oist
ure
is r
equi
rem
ent
for
Top
Sub
mer
ged
Lanc
e (T
SL)
Tec
hnol
ogy.
Con
cent
rate
& F
lux
Mat
eria
l Han
dlin
g
Shi
p
Con
veyi
ng S
yste
m-
Con
cent
rate
Bon
ded
War
e H
ouse
Flux
( S
ilica
, Lim
e S
tone
, C
oal,
Rev
erts
)C
once
ntra
te&
Flu
x B
uild
ing
Wei
gh F
eede
r
Pad
dle
Mix
er /
Dry
er
Sm
elti
ng F
urna
ce
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
69
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.2.
SMEL
TIN
G F
UR
NA
CE:
It is
pro
pose
d to
hav
e tw
o nu
mbe
r of
cop
per
smel
ting
fac
ility
for
pro
duct
ion
of
9,0
0,0
00
TP
A o
f co
pper
ano
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
tot
al.
Cop
per
Con
cent
rate
ble
nd
mix
ed w
ith
flux
mat
eria
l is
fed
to
the
smel
ting
fur
nace
, w
here
enr
iche
d ai
r ad
ded
wit
h ox
ygen
is
fed
to f
urna
ce.
The
smel
ting
rea
ctio
n ta
kes
plac
e at
fu
rnac
e te
mpe
ratu
re a
roun
d 12
00
0C
. Fu
rnac
e pr
oduc
es C
oppe
r M
atte
(~
60
%
Cu)
; Cop
per
Sla
g (~
1% C
u) a
nd S
ulph
ur D
i-Oxi
de G
as (
SO
2).
Bot
h C
oppe
r M
atte
(~
60
% C
u) a
nd C
oppe
r S
lag
(~1%
Cu)
is t
appe
d to
Set
tlin
g fu
rnac
e an
d S
ulph
ur
Di-O
xide
Gas
(S
O2)
is
tran
sfer
red
to S
ulph
uric
aci
d pl
ant
thro
ugh
a cl
osed
pi
pelin
e. T
he s
mel
ting
fur
nace
will
be
prov
ided
wit
h a
was
te h
eat
reco
very
bo
iler
to r
ecov
er t
he h
eat
from
the
off
gas
of
the
proc
ess.
CuF
eS2
+ O
2 +
Si0
2
C
u-Fe
-S +
Fe0
.Si0
2 +
SO
2
M
atte
S
lag
Gas
The
purp
ose
is
to
utili
ze
heat
of
th
e ga
ses
wit
hin
the
proc
ess
and
also
co
nser
vati
on o
f w
ater
. Th
e fu
rnac
e w
ill b
e at
tach
ed w
ith
a st
ate
of t
he a
rt,
elec
tros
tati
c pr
ecip
itat
or a
nd a
hig
h ca
paci
ty in
duce
d dr
aft
fan
to t
rans
fer
the
gase
s to
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt.
The
seco
ndar
y of
f ga
s w
ill b
e ta
ken
to a
hig
h ca
paci
ty s
econ
dary
gas
scr
ubbi
ng s
yste
m t
o sc
rub
the
trac
es o
f S
O2
befo
re it
is
disc
harg
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
70
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 3
1: S
mel
ting
Furn
ace
Flow
She
et
3.3.
SETT
LIN
G F
UR
NA
CE(
S)
Set
tlin
g Fu
rnac
e w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or M
atte
and
Fer
rosa
nd (
Cop
per
Sla
g al
so
calle
d as
Iron
Sili
cate
) se
para
tion
.
The
Cop
per
mat
te &
fer
ro s
and
from
sm
elti
ng f
urna
ce w
ill b
e pe
riod
ical
ly
tapp
ed f
rom
the
tap
hol
e w
hich
will
be
prov
ided
wit
h w
ater
coo
led
copp
er
bloc
k in
the
sm
elti
ng f
urna
ce. T
he t
ap h
ole
will
be
open
ed w
ith
a ta
p gu
nnin
g
mac
hine
. Th
e fe
rro
sand
/ m
atte
tog
ethe
r w
ill f
low
by
grav
ity
to t
he s
ettl
ing
Furn
ace
for
ferr
o sa
nd a
nd m
atte
set
tlin
g an
d se
para
tion
. S
epar
atio
n of
will
ta
ke p
lace
on
the
basi
s of
the
den
sity
dif
fere
nce.
The
tem
pera
ture
aro
und
1250
°C w
ill b
e m
aint
aine
d. T
he o
ff-g
ases
fro
m t
he f
urna
ce o
pera
tion
will
be
take
n sm
elti
ng f
urna
ce s
crub
bing
sys
tem
.
Smel
ting
Fur
nace
Flo
w S
heet
Con
cent
rate
W
areh
ouse
Con
cent
rate
B
lend
ing
Bin
Sy
stem
Sm
elti
ng
Furn
ace
Set
tler
/ S
lag
Cle
anin
gFu
rnac
e
Su
lph
uri
c A
cid
P
lan
tF
ug
itiv
e G
ases
S
cru
bb
er
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
71
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 3
2: S
ettli
ng F
urna
ce F
low
She
et
Ferr
o sa
nd s
ettl
ed i
n th
e se
ttlin
g Fu
rnac
e w
ill b
e gr
anul
ated
and
will
be
colle
cted
in
th
e co
llect
ion
pond
. Fe
rro
sand
gr
anul
atio
n cl
ear
wat
er
will
ov
erfl
ow in
to a
cle
ar w
ater
pon
d an
d it
is p
umpe
d to
spr
ay p
ond
for
cool
ing
and
then
rec
ycle
d ba
ck.
The
gran
ulat
ed f
erro
san
d fr
om s
ettl
ing
pon
d w
ill b
e co
llect
ed a
nd d
isch
arge
s th
e sa
me
in
a st
eel
bunk
er.
From
th
e st
eel
bunk
ers
ferr
o sa
nd
will
be
tr
ansp
orte
d to
the
des
igne
d fe
rro
sand
du
mp
area
and
fur
ther
sal
e/di
spos
al.
3.4
.P
IER
CE
SMIT
H C
ON
VER
TER
:
Pie
rce-
Sm
ith
Con
vert
ers
will
be
used
to
Con
vert
Cop
per
mat
te t
o B
liste
r C
oppe
r (~
98
% C
u).
Con
vert
ing
is o
xida
tion
of
mol
ten
Cu
-Fe-
S m
atte
to
form
m
olte
n 'b
liste
r' co
pper
(~ 9
8 %
Cu)
. It
enta
ils o
xidi
zing
Fe
and
S f
rom
the
mat
te
wit
h ox
ygen
-enr
iche
d ai
r or
air
'bl
ast'
. It
is
mos
tly
done
in
the
Pei
rce-
Sm
ith
co
nver
ter,
whi
ch
blow
s th
e bl
ast
into
m
olte
n m
atte
th
roug
h su
bmer
ged
tuye
res.
The
mai
n ra
w m
ater
ial
for
conv
erti
ng i
s m
olte
n C
u-F
e-S
mat
te f
rom
sm
elti
ng.
Oth
er r
aw m
ater
ials
inc
lude
sili
ca f
lux,
air
and
ind
ustr
ial
oxyg
en.
Sev
eral
Cu
be
arin
g m
ater
ials
are
rec
ycle
d to
the
con
vert
er -
mai
nly
solid
ifie
d C
u-b
eari
ng
reve
rts
and
copp
er s
crap
. Th
e pr
oduc
ts o
f co
nver
ting
are
:
Set
tlin
g Fu
rnac
e Fl
ow S
heet
Smel
ting
Fu
rnac
e
Sett
ler/
Sla
g C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
Cu
Mat
te P
ierc
e Sm
ith
Con
vert
er
Sla
g/
Fer
ro S
and
/ Ir
on
Sili
cate
fo
r G
ran
ula
tio
n
Ret
urn
Sla
g
Fro
m P
S
Co
nve
rter
Fu
git
ive
Gas
es
Scr
ub
ber
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
72
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
(a)
mol
ten
blis
ter
copp
er w
hich
is s
ent
to f
ire-
and
ele
ctro
refi
ning
(b
) m
olte
n ir
on-s
ilica
te s
lag
whi
ch is
sen
t to
Cu
reco
very
, the
n d
isca
rd
(c)
SO
2-be
arin
g of
fgas
whi
ch is
sen
t to
coo
ling,
dus
t re
mov
al a
nd &
H2S
O4
man
ufac
ture
. Th
e he
at f
or c
onve
rtin
g is
sup
plie
d en
tire
ly b
y Fe
and
S o
xida
tion
; i.e
. th
e pr
oces
s is
aut
othe
rmal
. Th
e ov
eral
l con
vert
ing
proc
ess
may
be
desc
ribe
d by
the
sch
emat
ic r
eact
ion:
C
u-Fe
-S
+ 0
2
+
Si0
2
C
uo l+
{ 2
FeO
:SiO
2 :F
e 3O
4 }
+ S
O2
Mol
ten
in a
ir
and
in f
lux
m
olte
n sl
ag w
ith
Gas
m
atte
ox
ygen
so
mes
olid
Fe3
04
P
rim
ary
Gas
es f
rom
the
se f
urna
ce w
ill b
e ro
uted
to
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt.
The
furn
ace
will
be
atta
ched
wit
h a
stat
e of
the
art
, ele
ctro
stat
ic p
reci
pita
tor
and
a hi
gh c
apac
ity
indu
ced
draf
t fa
n to
tra
nsfe
r th
e ga
ses
to S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
. P
rope
r w
ater
co
oled
do
uble
ho
od
arra
ngem
ent
and
gas
cool
ing
syst
em,
Figu
re 3
3: P
ierc
e Sm
ith C
onve
rter
Flo
w S
heet
etc
will
be
inst
alle
d to
col
lect
the
sec
onda
ry f
ugit
ive
emis
sion
. Th
e se
cond
ary
off
gase
s w
ill b
e ta
ken
to a
hig
h ca
paci
ty s
econ
dary
gas
scr
ubbi
ng s
yste
m t
o sc
rub
the
trac
es
of
SO
2.
This
w
ill
enab
le
cont
inuo
us
oper
atio
n of
th
ree
conv
erte
rs w
ith
one
conv
erte
r on
per
iodi
cal m
aint
enan
ce.
Pier
ce S
mit
h C
onve
rter
Flo
w S
heet
Set
tler/
Sla
g C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
-C
u M
atte
Pier
ce S
mit
h C
onv
erte
r
Blis
ter
Cop
per
to
Ano
de
Furn
ace
SO2
Gas
esto
S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
Cop
per
Sla
g F
rom
Ano
de
Furn
ace
Fu
git
ive
Gas
es
Scr
ub
ber
Cop
per
Scr
ap
Co
pp
er S
lag
to
S
lag
Cle
anin
g
Fu
rnac
e
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
73
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.5.
FER
RO
SA
ND
CLE
AN
ING
FU
RN
AC
E (F
SCF)
:
The
ferr
osan
d (C
oppe
r S
lag)
fro
m c
onve
rter
will
be
proc
esse
d in
the
fer
ro s
and
clea
ning
fur
nace
. Sla
g-cl
eani
ng f
urna
ces
proc
ess
smel
ting
fur
nace
sla
g a
s w
ell
as s
lag
from
Pie
rce
Sm
ith
Con
vert
ers.
A r
educ
ing
agen
t is
oft
en r
equi
red
to
redu
ce C
u ox
ide
in t
he s
lag
to C
u m
etal
or
Cu
sulf
ide.
Coa
l or
M
etal
lurg
ical
co
ke is
oft
en a
dded
for
thi
s re
duct
ion.
C +
Cu 2
O
C
O +
2C
u0
Car
bon
addi
tion
s al
so r
educ
e so
lid m
agn
etit
e in
the
sla
g to
liqu
id F
eO:
C +
Fe 3
04(s
)
CO
+ 3
Fe0
This
dec
reas
es s
lag
visc
osit
y an
d im
prov
es s
ettl
ing
rate
s.
Fi
gure
34:
Sla
g Cl
eani
ng F
urna
ce F
low
She
et
Cop
per
Sla
g is
als
o ca
lled
as Ir
on S
ilica
te a
s w
ell a
s Fe
rro
sand
. Fer
ro S
and
from
C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
will
be
gran
ulat
ed a
nd w
ill b
e co
llect
ed i
n th
e co
llect
ion
pond
. Fer
ro s
and
gran
ulat
ion
clea
r w
ater
will
ove
rflo
w i
nto
a cl
ear
wat
er p
ond
and
it i
s pu
mpe
d to
spr
ay p
ond
for
cool
ing
and
then
rec
ycle
d ba
ck.
The
gran
ulat
ed f
erro
san
d fr
om s
ettl
ing
pond
will
be
colle
cted
and
dis
char
ges
the
sam
e in
a s
teel
bun
ker.
Fro
m t
he s
teel
bu
nker
s fe
rro
sand
will
be
tran
spor
ted
to
the
desi
gned
fer
ro s
and
dum
p ar
ea a
nd f
urth
er s
ale/
disp
osal
.
Sla
g C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
Flow
She
et
Mat
te f
rom
Sm
elti
ng
Furn
ace
Slag
Cle
anin
gFu
rnac
e
Cu
Mat
te P
ierc
e Sm
ith
Con
vert
er
Sla
g/
Fer
ro S
and
/ Ir
on
Sili
cate
fo
r G
ran
ula
tio
n
Ret
urn
Sla
g
Fro
m P
S
Co
nve
rter
Fu
git
ive
Gas
es
Scr
ub
ber
Co
ke/
Pig
Iro
n
Ad
dit
ion
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
74
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.6
.C
OP
PER
SC
RA
P M
ELTI
NG
SY
STEM
Con
side
ring
the
ava
ilabi
lity
of t
he C
oppe
r sc
rap
& E
-Scr
ap g
etti
ng g
ener
ated
w
ithi
n th
e co
untr
y as
wel
l as
in
hous
e; a
ded
icat
ed C
oppe
r sc
rap
mel
ting
sy
stem
will
be
desi
gned
to
have
a s
usta
inab
le s
olut
ion
for
the
coun
try.
Thi
s w
ill
help
the
var
ious
cop
per
scra
p pr
oduc
er a
sus
tain
able
out
let
to t
reat
the
cop
per
scra
p an
d pr
oduc
e LM
E G
rade
A C
oppe
r ca
thod
e. S
yste
m i
s al
so d
esig
ned
to
hand
le u
tiliz
atio
n of
the
impo
rted
cop
per
scra
p as
fee
d st
ock
as w
ell.
A s
tate
of
art
tech
nolo
gy w
ill b
e us
ed f
or t
he s
ame.
Suc
h fa
cilit
ies
are
avai
labl
e in
var
ious
de
velo
ped
coun
trie
s.
Figu
re 3
5: C
oppe
r Scr
ap M
eltin
g Fu
rnac
e
3.7.
AN
OD
E FU
RN
AC
E &
AN
OD
E C
AST
ING
WH
EEL:
Ano
de f
urna
ces
will
be
used
to
mak
e an
ode
copp
er (
~9
9.5
% C
u) f
rom
blis
ter
rece
ived
fro
m P
ierc
e S
mit
h C
onve
rter
s.
The
mol
ten
blis
ter
copp
er f
rom
Pei
rce-
Sm
ith
conv
erti
ng c
onta
ins
-0.0
1% S
and
-0
.5%
02
. At
thes
e le
vels
, the
dis
solv
ed
Sul
fur
and
oxyg
en
wou
ld
com
bine
du
ring
so
lidif
icat
ion
to
form
bu
bble
s ('b
liste
rs')
of S
O2
in n
ewly
cas
t an
odes
– m
akin
g th
em w
eak
and
bum
py.
In
stoi
chio
met
ric
term
s, 0
.01
mas
s% d
isso
lved
Sul
fur
and
0.0
1 m
ass%
dis
solv
ed
Oxy
gen
wou
ld c
ombi
ne t
o pr
oduc
e ab
out
2 cm
3 of
SO
2 (1
08
3OC
) pe
r cm
3 of
co
pper
.
Fire
ref
inin
g re
mov
es S
ulfu
r an
d O
xyge
n fr
om li
quid
blis
ter
copp
er b
y:
(a)
air-
oxid
atio
n r
emov
al o
f S
ulfu
r as
SO
2 to
-0.0
02%
S t
hen:
Cop
per
Scra
p M
elti
ng F
urna
ce
Pur
chas
ed
Cop
per S
crap
/ A
node
Scr
ap
Cop
per S
crap
M
elti
ng S
yste
m
Ano
de F
urna
ce
Sys
tem
Fugi
tive
Gas
es T
o B
ag F
ilter
Ano
de C
asti
ng
Sys
tem
Cop
per A
node
s to
R
efin
ery
Tank
H
ouse
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
75
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
(b)
hydr
ocar
bon-
redu
ctio
n re
mov
al o
f ox
ygen
as
CO
and
H2O
(g)
to -0
.15%
Li
quef
ied
Pet
role
um G
as o
r N
atur
al G
as is
use
d fo
r do
ing
fire
ref
inin
g.
The
seco
ndar
y of
f ga
ses
will
be
ta
ken
to
a hi
gh
capa
city
se
cond
ary
gas
scru
bbin
g sy
stem
to
scru
b th
e tr
aces
of
SO2.
. Th
e fi
nal p
rodu
ct o
f fi
re r
efin
ing
is m
olte
n co
pper
, -0
.00
2% S
, 0
.15%
0,
118
0-
120
00C
, re
ady
for
cast
ing
as
anod
es. M
ost
copp
er a
node
s ar
e ca
st in
ope
n a
node
-sha
ped
impr
essi
ons
on t
he
top
of f
lat
copp
er m
ould
s. N
ewly
de
velo
ped
late
st d
esig
ned
doub
le c
asti
ng
whe
el s
yste
m w
ill b
e in
stal
led
wit
h C
asti
ng r
ate
of ~
100
TP
H. T
he n
ewly
pou
red
anod
es a
re c
oole
d by
spr
ayin
g w
ater
on
the
top
s an
d bo
ttom
s of
the
mou
lds
whi
le t
he w
heel
rot
ates
. Th
ey a
re s
trip
ped
from
the
ir m
ould
s (u
sual
ly b
y an
au
tom
atic
rai
sing
pin
and
lif
ting
mac
hine
) af
ter
a ha
lf r
otat
ion.
The
em
pty
mou
lds
are
then
spr
ayed
wit
h a
bari
te-w
ater
was
h to
pre
ven
t st
icki
ng o
f th
e ne
xt a
node
. The
mos
t im
port
ant
aspe
ct o
f an
ode
cast
ing,
bes
ides
fla
t su
rfac
es,
is u
nifo
rmit
y of
thi
ckne
ss.
This
uni
form
ity
ensu
res
that
all
the
anod
es i
n an
el
ectr
o re
fini
ng
cell
reac
h th
e en
d of
the
ir
usef
ul l
ife
at t
he
sam
e ti
me.
A
utom
atic
con
trol
of
the
mas
s of
eac
h p
our
of c
oppe
r (L
e. t
he m
ass
and
thic
knes
s of
eac
h an
ode)
will
be
used
. A
node
mas
s is
nor
mal
ly 3
75-4
25 k
g.
Ano
de-t
o-an
ode
mas
s va
riat
ion
in a
sm
elte
r or
ref
iner
y is
+2
to 5
kg
wit
h au
tom
atic
wei
ght
cont
rol.
Rec
ent
anod
e de
sign
s ha
ve in
corp
orat
ed
(i)
knif
e-ed
ged
lugs
w
hich
m
ake
the
anod
e ha
ng
vert
ical
ly
in
the
elec
trol
ytic
cel
l and
(i
i)th
in t
ops
whe
re t
he a
node
is
not
subm
erge
d (i
.e.
whe
re i
t is
n't
diss
olve
d du
ring
ref
inin
g).
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
76
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
36:
Cop
per A
node
Fur
nace
& C
astin
g Fl
ow S
heet
The
latt
er f
eatu
re d
ecre
ases
the
am
oun
t of
un
-dis
solv
ed '
anod
e sc
rap'
whi
ch
mus
t be
rec
ycle
d at
the
end
of
an a
nod
e's
life.
Sui
tabl
e ca
paci
ty T
win
cas
ter
whe
el a
rran
gem
ent
will
be
prov
ided
to
prod
uce
Cop
per
anod
e. T
he C
oppe
r an
ode
will
be
tran
sfer
red
to C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
for
furt
her
proc
essi
ng.
3.8
.O
FF G
AS
HA
ND
LIN
G:
a.W
e pr
opos
e to
in
stal
l a
Was
te
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Boi
ler
(WH
RB
) to
re
cove
r th
e en
tire
off
gas
hea
t fr
om t
he s
mel
ting
fur
nace
bef
ore
reac
hing
to
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt f
or p
rodu
ctio
n of
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
thro
ugh
suit
able
ES
P, I
D f
an, d
ucti
ng a
nd a
gas
-mix
ing
cham
ber.
b.
A s
uita
ble
dust
con
veyi
ng s
yste
m f
or W
HR
B &
ES
P w
ill b
e in
stal
led
and
will
be
cons
umed
wit
hin
the
proc
ess.
c.
The
seco
ndar
y co
llect
ion
syst
em
wit
h S
crub
bing
S
yste
m
will
be
en
sure
d to
hav
e su
ffic
ient
cap
acit
y to
han
dle
all t
he s
econ
dary
gas
. d.
Gas
es w
ill b
e ch
arge
d th
roug
h re
quir
ed s
ize
stac
k to
atm
osph
ere
afte
r sc
rubb
ing
and
mee
ting
sta
ndar
ds p
resc
ribe
d au
thor
itie
s.
3.9
.SU
LPH
UR
IC A
CID
PLA
NT
Four
num
ber
of S
ulph
uric
aci
d pl
ants
wit
h co
mbi
ned
capa
city
of
30 L
TPA
will
be
pro
vide
d to
han
dle
the
gase
s fr
om C
oppe
r sm
elte
r w
ith
requ
ired
cap
acit
y of
Cop
per
Ano
de F
urna
ce &
Cas
ting
Flo
w S
heet
Blis
ter
Cop
per
from
Pie
rce
Sm
ith
Co
nver
ter
Ano
de F
urna
ce &
C
asti
ng
Cop
per
Ano
des
to
Ref
iner
y Ta
nk
Hou
se
An
od
e R
ejec
ts &
C
op
per
S
lag
To
P
S C
on
vert
er
Fugi
tive
Gas
es t
o S
crub
ber
Co
pp
er
Scr
ap
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
77
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Gas
cle
anin
g pl
ant
to t
reat
the
inc
omin
g ga
ses.
Sta
te o
f ar
t en
viro
nmen
t fr
iend
ly t
echn
olog
y of
Dou
ble
Con
tact
Dou
ble
Abs
orpt
ion
will
be
used
for
S
ulfu
ric
acid
pla
nt. E
fflu
ent
gene
rate
d fr
om S
ulph
uric
Aci
d pl
ant
will
be
trea
ted
in s
tate
of
art
Eff
luen
t Tr
eatm
ent
Faci
lity.
The
sulp
huro
us g
ases
gen
erat
ed d
urin
g th
e su
lphi
dic
copp
er c
once
ntra
te
smel
ting
and
mat
te c
onve
rtin
g op
erat
ion
in a
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r pl
ant
are
trea
ted
in S
ulph
uric
aci
d pl
ant
for
the
prod
ucti
on o
f M
onoh
ydra
te s
ulph
uric
aci
d as
a
bypr
oduc
t.
The
proc
ess
of p
rodu
ctio
n of
sul
phur
ic a
cid
cons
ists
of
thre
e pr
inci
pal s
teps
, na
mel
y:
i.C
lean
ing
of t
he s
ulph
ur d
ioxi
de g
as f
rom
the
ISA
SM
ELT
fur
nace
and
P
S c
onve
rter
s.
ii.C
atal
ytic
con
vers
ion
of t
he s
ulph
ur d
ioxi
de (
SO
2) g
as t
o su
lphu
r tr
ioxi
de (
SO
3) g
as a
ccor
ding
to
the
chem
ical
rea
ctio
n:
SO
2 +
½ O
2 =
SO
3 iii
.A
bsor
ptio
n of
the
sul
phur
tri
oxid
e (S
O3)
gas
by
com
bini
ng w
ith
wat
er
(H2O
) to
for
m a
sol
utio
n of
sul
phu
ric
acid
(H
2SO
4)
acco
rdin
g to
the
ch
emic
al r
eact
ion:
S
O3
+ H
2O =
H2S
O4
The
conv
ersi
on
of
SO
2 to
S
O3
is
an
exot
herm
ic,
reve
rsib
le
and
adia
bati
c re
acti
on a
nd w
ith
incr
ease
in
tem
pera
ture
the
equ
ilibr
ium
con
stan
ts b
ecom
e m
ore
unfa
vour
able
wit
h re
spec
t to
SO
3 fo
rmat
ions
. Th
e ot
her
fac
tors
, w
hic
h
favo
ur e
quili
briu
m c
onve
rsio
ns,
are
incr
ease
in
oxyg
en c
once
ntra
tion
in
the
gase
s or
hig
h pr
essu
res
but
the
rela
tive
gai
ns a
re r
athe
r sm
all.
In c
ontr
ast
to
the
unfa
vour
able
eff
ect
of h
igh
tem
pera
ture
on
equ
ilibr
ium
it is
fou
nd t
hat
the
rate
of
re
acti
on
incr
ease
s ra
pidl
y w
ith
risi
ng
tem
pera
ture
. C
onse
quen
tly
opti
mum
per
form
ance
req
uire
s a
bala
nce
betw
een
the
oppo
sing
eff
ects
of
reac
tion
rat
e an
d eq
uilib
rium
. Th
us t
he g
ases
ent
erin
g th
e V
2O5
cata
lyst
no
rmal
ly a
re m
aint
ain
ed b
etw
een
40
0 -
450
ºC.
Ther
efor
e, i
n o
rder
to
achi
eve
over
-all
high
con
vers
ion
effi
cien
cies
bet
wee
n 9
9.6
% -
99
.7%
, it
is
impe
rati
ve
that
the
con
vert
er g
ases
nee
d to
be
cool
ed b
etw
een
stag
es t
o th
e ab
ove
tem
pera
ture
ran
ge a
nd a
lso
rem
ovin
g th
e pa
rtia
lly c
onve
rted
sul
phur
tri
oxid
e fo
rmed
nor
mal
ly a
fter
2nd
/3rd
bed
s, b
efor
e re
turn
ing
them
to
subs
eque
nt
stag
es.
This
pro
cess
is
com
mon
ly k
now
n as
Dou
ble
Con
vers
ion
and
Dou
ble
Abs
orpt
ion
(DC
DA
). 3.
9.1
.G
AS
CLE
AN
ING
SY
STEM
S
Was
te g
ases
fro
m t
he m
etal
lurg
ical
pro
cess
mus
t be
tre
ated
to
redu
ce t
he
sulp
hur
diox
ide
emis
sion
s to
the
atm
osph
ere.
To
achi
eve
this
the
sul
phur
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
78
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
diox
ide
in
the
gas
is
conv
erte
d to
sul
phur
tr
ioxi
de
for
the
prod
ucti
on
of
sulp
huri
c ac
id i
n th
e su
lphu
ric
acid
pla
nt.
The
met
allu
rgic
al o
ff-g
ases
mus
t be
cl
eane
d pr
ior
to e
nter
ing
the
cont
act
sect
ion
of t
he a
cid
plan
t to
ena
ble
the
plan
t to
pro
duce
a p
rodu
ct a
cid
of a
ccep
tabl
e qu
alit
y fo
r us
e an
d sa
le.
As
wel
l, cl
ean
gas
is r
equi
red
to p
reve
nt p
lugg
ing
of c
atal
yst
beds
and
oth
er
detr
imen
tal e
ffec
ts o
n eq
uipm
ent
such
as
corr
osio
n an
d er
osio
n.
Gas
Cle
anin
g S
yste
ms
Ther
e ar
e fo
ur m
ain
duti
es t
o be
per
form
ed b
y th
e ga
s cl
eani
ng s
yste
m o
f a
met
allu
rgic
al s
ulph
uric
aci
d pl
ant:
1.
SATU
RA
TIO
N
of
the
gase
s an
d EL
IMIN
ATI
ON
of
th
e co
arse
an
d fi
ne
part
icul
ate
mat
ter,
2.
CO
OLI
NG
of
th
e ga
ses,
C
ON
DEN
SATI
ON
of
th
e m
etal
lic
fum
es
and
R
ED
UC
TIO
N o
f th
e m
oist
ure
cont
ent,
3. R
emov
al o
f th
e ve
ry f
ine
part
icul
ate
mat
ter
as w
ell
as t
he b
ulk
of t
he a
cid
mis
t by
ELE
CTR
OS
TATI
C P
REC
IPIT
ATI
ON
to
prod
uce
an o
ptic
ally
cle
ar g
as
whi
ch is
fed
to
the
acid
pla
nt d
owns
trea
m.
4. S
peci
alty
pro
cess
es f
or r
emov
al o
f sp
ecif
ic im
puri
ties
in t
he g
as (
i.e. m
ercu
ry
rem
oval
, hal
ogen
s)
Sat
urat
ion
– A
diab
atic
coo
ling
and
satu
rati
on o
f th
e ga
s is
don
e in
an
ope
n
spra
y to
wer
, lo
w
or
high
pr
essu
re
drop
ve
ntur
i. S
ome
rem
oval
of
co
urse
pa
rtic
ulat
e is
ach
ieve
d.
Elim
inat
ion
– Th
e na
ture
(t
ype,
co
ncen
trat
ion,
si
ze)
of
the
impu
rity
/dus
t de
term
ines
the
typ
e of
cle
anin
g de
vice
req
uire
d. T
ypic
ally
, hig
h pr
essu
re d
rop
vent
uri
(fix
ed o
r va
riab
le t
hroa
t),
reve
rse
jet
scru
bber
(D
ynaW
ave)
, ra
dial
flo
w
scru
bber
, etc
. is
requ
ired
if d
ust
load
ings
are
hig
h or
par
ticl
e si
ze is
sm
all.
Coo
ling
and
Con
dens
atio
n –
Rem
oval
of
wat
er f
rom
the
gas
is
requ
ired
to
achi
eve
the
plan
t w
ater
bal
ance
. D
irec
t co
ntac
t de
vice
s (p
acke
d to
wer
s, t
ray
scru
bber
s) o
r in
dire
ct c
oolin
g (s
tar
cool
ers,
she
ll an
d tu
be c
onde
nser
s) a
re u
sed
to c
ool t
he g
as a
nd p
rovi
de s
ome
rem
oval
of
gase
ous
impu
riti
es.
Elec
tros
tati
c P
reci
pita
tion
– U
sual
ly t
he l
ast
stag
e of
gas
cle
anin
g be
fore
the
dr
ying
tow
er. R
emov
es t
he f
ines
t du
st p
arti
cles
and
aci
d m
ist.
Sp
ecia
l P
roce
ss –
The
se i
nclu
de m
ercu
ry r
emov
al,
fluo
ride
scr
ubbe
rs, s
odiu
m
silic
ate
syst
ems,
etc
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
79
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
a.M
ercu
ry R
emov
al
Thre
e pr
imar
y te
chno
logi
es w
hich
hav
e si
nce
been
fur
ther
dev
elop
ed
over
the
yea
rs:
�M
ercu
ry R
emov
al P
roce
ss –
uti
lizes
a c
hlor
ide
scru
bber
�
Mer
cury
Rem
oval
Pro
cess
– u
tiliz
es a
sel
eniu
m f
ilter
�
Mer
cury
Rem
oval
Pro
cess
– u
tiliz
es s
odiu
m t
hios
ulfa
te
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
80
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
37:
Gas
Cle
anin
g Fl
ow S
heet
Chl
orid
e sc
rubb
er p
roce
ss h
as e
ssen
tial
ly b
ecom
e in
dust
ry s
tand
ard
proc
ess
prov
idin
g th
ese
bene
fits
:
�In
sens
itiv
ity
to h
igh
inco
min
g va
lues
of
mer
cury
�
Cos
t-ef
fect
iven
ess;
m
oder
ate
inve
stm
ent
cost
s an
d lo
w
oper
atin
g co
sts,
w
hich
ar
e pr
acti
cally
in
depe
nden
t of
th
e m
ercu
ry le
vel Gas
Cle
anin
g Pl
ant
Flow
She
et
SO2
Lade
n G
ases
fro
m
Prim
ary
Sm
elte
r &
PS
C
onv
erte
r
Que
nchi
ng &
Hig
h E
ffic
ienc
y W
et S
crub
ber
Fine
Dus
t an
d M
ist
Elim
inat
ion
Sodi
um
Sili
cate
bas
ed
Scru
bbin
g
Eff
luen
t B
leed
to
ET
P
Trea
ted
Wat
er
For
Scr
ubbi
ng
from
ETP
Eff
ule
nt
Ble
ed t
o E
TP
Fluo
ride
s R
emov
alE
ffu
len
t B
leed
to
ET
P
Mer
cury
Rem
oval
Raw
Wat
er f
or
Scr
ubbi
ng
Cle
an &
Dry
SO
2 to
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt
Hg 2
Cl 2
For
S
ales
/ H
g fo
r El
ectr
oref
inin
g
HC
l Scr
ubbi
ng
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
81
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
�A
pplic
abili
ty t
o al
mos
t an
y ga
ses
incl
udin
g on
es c
onta
inin
g S
O2
�
Pro
ven
tech
nolo
gy: a
ppro
x. 4
0 r
efer
ence
pla
nts
�
Opt
ion
for
an
addi
tion
al
step
in
volv
ing
a sp
ecia
lly
desi
gned
el
ectr
o-w
inni
ng
cell,
in
w
hich
th
e ca
lom
el
prod
uced
ca
n be
co
nver
ted
to h
igh
puri
ty m
etal
lic m
ercu
ry
Pro
cess
equ
ipm
ent
�R
eact
or t
ower
and
oth
er s
peci
al v
esse
ls
�C
hlor
inat
ion
syst
em
�E
lect
row
inni
ng
cell
for
met
allic
m
ercu
ry
prod
ucti
on
from
ca
lom
el
�P
roce
ss c
ontr
ol
b.Fl
uori
de R
emov
al P
roce
ss
Hyd
roge
n fl
uori
de in
the
SO
2 ga
s ca
n ca
use
dam
age
to t
he s
ulfu
ric
acid
pl
ant
and
ther
efor
e re
quir
es r
emov
al f
rom
the
gas
. Thi
s ca
n be
ach
ieve
d by
add
ing
sodi
um s
ilica
te s
olut
ion
to t
he p
acke
d ga
s co
olin
g to
wer
. The
hy
drog
en f
luor
ide
is a
bsor
bed
in t
he g
as c
oolin
g to
wer
, rea
cts
wit
h th
e so
dium
sili
cate
for
min
g a
reac
tion
pro
duct
wit
h lo
w v
apor
pre
ssur
e an
d is
fin
ally
ble
d to
the
was
te w
ater
tre
atm
ent
plan
t.
c.A
rsen
ic R
emov
al P
roce
ss
To a
void
con
tam
inat
ion
to t
he s
ulfu
ric
acid
, it
is n
eces
sary
to
rem
ove
as
muc
h ar
seni
c in
the
SO
2 ga
s as
pos
sibl
e. P
arti
cula
te a
rsen
ic h
as a
lrea
dy
been
rem
oved
dur
ing
the
hot
gas
clea
ning
pro
cess
. H
igh-
effi
cien
cy
scru
bber
s w
ith
a va
riab
le t
hroa
t fo
r ef
fici
ent
cont
inuo
us s
crub
bing
for
re
mov
ing
mos
t of
the
ars
enic
con
tent
to
wet
ele
ctro
stat
ic p
reci
pita
tors
fo
r th
e fi
nal
clea
ning
of
th
e ga
s w
ill
be
used
. G
aseo
us
arse
nic
cond
ense
s in
the
qu
ench
sec
tion
whe
re t
he S
O2
gas
is c
oole
d do
wn
to
the
satu
rati
on t
empe
ratu
re. S
olid
ars
enic
for
ms
here
and
is r
eady
to
be
scru
bbed
out
of
the
gas
in t
he w
et g
as c
lean
ing
plan
t. T
he s
olve
d ar
seni
c is
the
n tr
ansf
erre
d to
the
was
te w
ater
tre
atm
ent
plan
t w
ith
the
wea
k ac
id b
leed
, whe
re t
he a
rsen
ic h
as t
o be
sep
arat
ed f
rom
th
e bl
eed.
A
lter
nati
vely
, som
e of
the
ars
enic
can
be
prec
ipit
ated
out
of
the
wea
k ac
id
as
earl
y as
in
th
e w
et
gas
clea
ning
pl
ant
assu
min
g th
e ac
id
conc
entr
atio
n in
the
que
nch
liqui
d is
hig
h en
ough
. Th
is w
ill a
llow
for
th
e so
lid a
rsen
ic t
o be
sep
arat
ed f
rom
the
wea
k ac
id b
efor
e it
is
tran
sfer
red
to t
he w
aste
wat
er t
reat
men
t pl
ant.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
82
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.9
.2.
CO
NV
ERS
ION
OF
SO
2 TO
SO
3
Dou
ble
Abs
orpt
ion
�A
lso
know
n as
Dou
ble
Con
tact
/Dou
ble
Abs
orpt
ion
�
Cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y tw
o S
O3
abso
rpti
on t
ower
s
Dou
ble
Abs
orpt
ion
Pla
nt A
rran
gem
ents
�
2/1
Arr
ange
men
t -
2 ca
taly
st b
eds
befo
re in
term
edia
te a
bsor
ber
follo
wed
by
1 c
atal
yst
bed.
Will
not
mee
t cu
rren
t em
issi
on r
egul
atio
ns.
�2/
2 A
rran
gem
ent
- 2
cata
lyst
bed
s be
fore
inte
rmed
iate
abs
orbe
r fo
llow
ed
by 2
cat
alys
t be
ds. U
sed
by L
urgi
in m
any
plan
ts a
roun
d th
e w
orld
. �
3/1
Arr
ange
men
t -
3 ca
taly
st b
eds
befo
re in
term
edia
te a
bsor
ber
follo
wed
by
1
cata
lyst
be
d.
Sta
nda
rd
arra
ngem
ent
for
the
mod
ern
cont
act
sulp
huri
c ac
id p
lant
for
obt
aini
ng S
O2
emis
sion
s of
4 l
b/S
T (2
kg/
MT)
or
99
.7%
con
vers
ion.
�
3/2
Arr
ange
men
t - 3
cat
alys
t be
ds b
efor
e in
term
edia
te a
bsor
ber
follo
wed
by
2 c
atal
yst
beds
. Use
d w
hen
high
ove
rall
conv
ersi
ons
(>9
9.9
%)/
low
S
O2
emis
sion
s ar
e re
quir
ed.
Pla
nts
wit
h 3/
2 ar
rang
emen
ts a
re r
equi
red
to e
nsur
e lo
w S
O2
emis
sion
s an
d ar
e co
nsid
ered
Bes
t A
vaila
ble
Tech
nolo
gy (
BA
T).
Th
e op
tica
lly c
lean
ed S
O2
rich
gas
es a
long
wit
h di
luti
on a
ir t
o th
e ex
ten
t re
quir
ed f
or m
aint
ain
ing
the
requ
isit
e O
2 /
SO
2 ra
tio
are
drie
d in
a d
ryin
g to
wer
w
ith
96
% c
once
ntra
ted
sulp
huri
c ac
id in
cou
nter
cur
rent
cir
cula
tion
. The
dri
ed
gase
s af
ter
heat
ing
to 4
00
- 4
50 º
C p
asse
d th
roug
h co
nver
ter
wit
h ce
sium
pr
omot
ed v
anad
ium
pen
t ox
ide
cata
lyst
. The
con
vert
ed S
O3
gase
s ar
e ab
sorb
ed
in t
wo
abso
rpti
on t
ower
s w
here
98
% c
once
ntra
ted
sulp
huri
c ac
id is
cir
cula
ted
to p
rodu
ce 9
8.5
% s
tren
gth
Sul
phur
ic a
cid
prod
uct.
Dur
ing
the
star
t up
and
ot
her
abno
rmal
ope
rati
ons
such
as
whe
n S
O2
cont
ent
is le
ss t
han
auto
the
rmal
po
int,
gas
es a
re h
eate
d be
fore
con
vers
ion
in
conv
erte
r w
hich
hel
ps i
n lo
w S
O2
cont
ent
in v
ent
gase
s.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
83
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
38:
Con
vers
ion
of S
O2
to S
O3
3.9
.3.
AC
ID S
ECTI
ON
Aci
d pr
oduc
ed is
at
dur
ing
the
abso
rpti
on p
roce
ss is
giv
en b
leed
at
> 9
8%
. Thi
s ac
id is
at
a h
igh
tem
pera
ture
and
nee
d to
be
brou
ght
to t
he r
oom
tem
pera
ture
le
vel
say
~<
40
Deg
C.
Aci
d co
oler
s ar
e us
ed f
or t
he s
ame.
Aci
d co
oler
s ar
e ei
ther
pl
ate
heat
ex
chan
gers
or
sh
ell
&
tube
he
at
chan
ger
wit
h an
odic
pr
otec
tion
to
prot
ect
the
cool
er.
Coo
ling
of t
he a
cid
is d
own
eit
her
by u
sing
w
ater
or
air
or c
ombi
nati
on o
f th
e bo
th d
epen
ding
upo
n th
e ap
plic
atio
n. C
oole
d pr
oduc
t ac
id i
s st
ored
in
the
stor
age
tank
s an
d su
pplie
d fo
r fu
rthe
r us
e in
the
m
arke
t as
wel
l as
in h
ouse
con
sum
ptio
n to
pro
duce
pho
spho
ric
acid
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
84
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
39:
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Plan
t Flo
w S
heet
3.10
.OX
YG
EN P
LAN
T:
Oxy
gen
plan
t w
ith
capa
city
of
96
,00
0 T
PM
wit
h 9
5% p
urit
y w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y pl
ant
requ
irem
ent.
To
have
fle
xibi
lity
in o
pera
tion
s 2
Pla
nts
of
160
0 T
PD
cap
acit
y ea
ch w
ith
95%
Pur
ity
Oxy
gen
plan
t w
ill b
e se
t up
.
3.11
.R
EFIN
ERY
UN
IT:
The
anod
es p
rodu
ced
from
the
sm
elte
r w
ill b
e re
fine
d th
roug
h el
ectr
olys
is
proc
ess
to r
emov
e th
e im
puri
ties
pre
sent
. A
ref
iner
y un
it c
apab
le o
f ha
ndlin
g th
e sm
elte
r ca
paci
ty w
ill b
e bu
ilt.
Sta
te o
f ar
t el
ectr
o re
fini
ng
tech
nolo
gy w
ill
be u
sed
to p
rodu
ce C
oppe
r C
atho
de o
f LM
E G
rade
A f
rom
Cop
per
anod
es
prod
uced
in
the
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r. R
efin
ery
will
hav
e st
ate
of a
rt t
echn
olog
y to
Su
lph
uri
c A
cid
Pla
nt
Flo
w S
hee
t
Clea
n &
Dry
SO
2to
Sulp
huric
Aci
d Pl
ant
Cat
alyt
icC
on
vert
er
Ab
oso
rpti
on
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Tail
Gas
Sc
rubb
er
Aci
d C
oo
ling
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Co
nce
ntr
ated
H2S
O4
to
sto
rag
e fo
r Sal
e &
Fo
r P
AP
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
85
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
prod
uce
valu
e ad
ded
prod
ucts
fro
m t
he i
mpu
riti
es i
nclu
de B
i, Te
, N
i, et
c..
Cop
per
Ano
de s
lime
gene
rate
d du
ring
cop
per
elec
tro
refi
ning
pro
cess
will
hav
e pr
ecio
us m
etal
s su
ch a
s A
u, A
g, P
t, P
d, e
tc.
Eff
luen
t ge
nera
ted
from
Cop
per
refi
nery
will
be
trea
ted
in s
tate
of
art
effl
uent
tre
atm
ent
faci
lity.
Fi
gure
40:
Cop
per E
lect
ro R
efin
ing
Proc
ess F
low
She
et
Ele
ctro
refi
ning
ent
ails
: a.
Ele
ctro
chem
ical
ly d
isso
lvin
g co
pper
fro
m i
mpu
re c
oppe
r an
odes
in
to
CuS
O4 –
H2S
O4 –
H2O
Ele
ctro
lyte
b.
Sel
ecti
vely
el
ectr
opla
ting
pu
re
copp
er
from
th
is
elec
trol
yte
wit
hout
the
ano
de im
puri
ties
. It
ser
ves
two
purp
oses
: a.
It p
rodu
ces
copp
er e
ssen
tial
ly f
ree
of h
arm
ful i
mpu
riti
es
b.It
sep
arat
es v
alua
ble
impu
riti
es (
e.g.
gol
d an
d si
lver
) fr
om c
oppe
r fo
r re
cove
ry a
s by
-pro
duct
s.
App
licat
ion
of a
n el
ectr
ical
pot
enti
al b
etw
een
a C
oppe
r A
nod
e an
d a
met
al
cath
ode
in C
uSO
4 –
H2S
O4 –
H20
Ele
ctro
lyte
cau
ses
the
follo
win
g:
a.
Cop
per
is e
lect
roch
emic
ally
dis
solv
ed f
rom
the
ano
de in
to t
he e
lect
roly
te
-pr
oduc
ing
copp
er c
atio
ns p
lus
elec
tron
s:
Cop
per
Ele
ctro
Ref
inin
g P
roce
ss F
low
She
et
Copp
er A
node
s to
Re
finer
y Ta
nk H
ouse
Cop
per R
efin
ery
Tank
H
ouse
-E
lect
yror
efin
ing
Ele
ctro
lyte
Pur
ific
atio
n
Ano
de S
lime
to P
reci
ous
Met
al R
ecov
ery
Pla
ntC
oppe
r Cat
hode
for
S
ales
& C
CR
Fee
d
Ble
ed to
ETP
Aci
d&
Met
al R
ecov
ery
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
86
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Cu0
anod
e
C
u++ +
2e-
b.Th
e el
ectr
ons
prod
uced
by
abov
e R
eact
ion
are
con
duct
ed t
owar
ds t
he
cath
ode
thro
ugh
the
exte
rnal
cir
cuit
and
pow
er s
uppl
y.
c.Th
e C
u++ c
atio
ns in
the
ele
ctro
lyte
mig
rate
to
the
cath
ode
by c
onve
ctio
n
and
diff
usio
n.
d.Th
e el
ectr
ons
and
Cu+
+ i
ons
reco
mbi
ne
at t
he c
atho
de s
urfa
ce t
o fo
rm
copp
er m
etal
(w
itho
ut
the
anod
e im
puri
ties
), i.e
.: C
u++ +
2e-
C
u0C
atho
de
Ove
rall
copp
er e
lect
rore
fini
ng is
the
sum
of
Rea
ctio
ns
Cu0
impu
re
Cu
0pu
re
Figu
re 4
1: A
rran
gem
ent o
f Cop
per A
node
and
SS
Cath
ode
Plat
e in
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pol
ymer
Cel
l-1
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
87
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 4
2: A
rran
gem
ent o
f Cop
per A
node
and
SS
Cath
ode
Plat
e in
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pol
ymer
Cel
l-2
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
88
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
43:
Mat
ured
Cop
per C
atho
de d
epos
ited
on S
tain
less
Ste
el P
late
s are
bei
ng li
fted
by
Cran
e fo
r St
rippi
ng.
3.12
.PR
ECIO
US
MET
AL
REC
OV
ERY
PLA
NT
(PM
RP
):
Cop
per
Ano
de s
lime
gene
rate
d in
Cop
per
Ele
ctro
Ref
inin
g pr
oces
s un
derg
o ro
asti
ng p
roce
ss t
o re
cove
r S
elen
ium
. S
elen
ium
is
of a
com
mer
cial
gra
de w
ith
puri
ty o
f 9
9.5
%.
3.12
.1.
SEL
ENIU
M R
OA
STI
NG
PR
OC
ESS
The
roas
ting
of
copp
er a
node
slim
e w
ith
sele
nium
is
done
in
an e
lect
rica
lly
heat
ed f
urna
ce w
here
the
tem
pera
ture
is
arou
nd 5
00
°C.
Oxy
gen
and
SO
2 ga
s ar
e us
ed a
s re
agen
ts.
Sel
eniu
m c
ompo
unds
rea
ct a
t th
is t
empe
ratu
re f
orm
ing
gase
ous
sele
nium
dio
xide
. S
elen
ium
dio
xide
is
then
suc
ked
from
the
fur
nace
in
to a
n aq
ueou
s so
luti
on. E
lem
enta
ry s
elen
ium
and
sul
phur
ic a
cid
is g
ener
ated
in
the
sol
utio
n at
a t
empe
ratu
re o
f 8
0°C
. S
elen
ium
cry
stal
s ar
e th
en f
ilter
ed,
was
hed
and
drie
d.
The
elem
enta
ry s
elen
ium
is
of a
com
mer
cial
gra
de (
99
.5%
) se
leni
um.
The
atta
ined
pur
ity
rate
is
very
hig
h an
d th
e se
leni
um c
onte
nt o
f th
e ro
aste
r sl
ime
is n
orm
ally
abo
ut 0
.5%
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
89
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
44:
Pre
ciou
s Met
al R
ecov
ery
Flow
She
et
Fi
gure
45:
Sel
eniu
m R
ecov
ery
Prec
ious
Met
al R
ecov
ery
Plan
t Fl
ow S
heet
Roa
stin
g
TRO
F M
elti
ng F
urna
ce
Sele
nium
Sla
g R
ecyc
le t
o
Sm
elte
r
DO
RE
Ano
de t
o E
lect
rore
fini
ng
Gol
d M
ud t
o G
old
Ref
iner
y
Ano
de S
lime
from
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Silv
er C
ryst
al
Spen
t D
ore
Ano
des
for
Rem
elti
ng
Spe
ntD
ore
Ano
des
Gol
d R
efin
ery
Gol
dPG
M C
once
ntra
te
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
90
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.12
.2.
DES
ELEN
ISED
AN
OD
E S
LIM
E SM
ELTI
NG
The
TRO
F (T
iltin
g R
otat
ing
Oxy
-Fue
l)/
TBR
C (
Top
Blo
wn
Rot
ary
Con
vert
er)
was
or
igin
ally
des
igne
d fo
r pr
oces
sing
sel
eniu
m-f
ree
copp
er a
node
slim
e, b
ut t
oday
th
e co
nver
ter
can
also
be
adap
ted
for
othe
r so
luti
ons,
suc
h as
pro
cess
ing
pr
ecio
us
met
als
cont
aini
ng
dust
s,
scra
ps
and
bulli
ons.
Th
e TR
OF/
TB
RC
C
onve
rter
of
fers
sm
ooth
ti
ltin
g an
d ro
tati
ng
func
tion
s th
anks
to
it
s so
phis
tica
ted
hydr
aulic
sys
tem
.
Fi
gure
46:
Ano
de S
lime
Smel
ting
The
sele
nium
-fre
e sl
ime
cont
ain
ing
prec
ious
met
als
is m
ixed
wit
h so
da a
nd
bora
x. T
his
mix
ture
is
smel
ted
in t
he f
urna
ce.
The
smel
ting
tem
pera
ture
is
as
high
as
130
0°C
. Th
e sl
ag i
s po
ured
off
by
tilt
ing
the
furn
ace.
The
met
al i
s fu
rthe
r re
fine
d by
blo
win
g ox
ygen
and
the
end
pro
duct
is
cast
int
o an
odes
us
ing
cast
ing
equi
pmen
t an
d ca
lled
as D
ore
Ano
de.
3.12
.3.
SIL
VER
ELE
CTR
OLY
SIS
TA
NK
HO
US
E
Dor
e A
node
is
cons
isti
ng o
f A
g, A
u, P
t, P
d, e
tc.
Dor
e an
ode
furt
her
unde
rgoe
s el
ectr
olys
is p
roce
ss t
o re
cove
r th
e pr
ecio
us m
etal
s.
The
hear
t of
th
e S
ilver
R
efin
ing
Pla
nt
proc
ess
is
the
silv
er
elec
trol
ysis
ta
nkho
use,
w
hich
co
nsis
ts
of
elec
tro-
refi
ning
ce
lls,
circ
ulat
ion
tank
s an
d pu
mps
, sie
ve t
anks
, a c
oolin
g sy
stem
, and
a p
H c
ontr
ol a
nd a
djus
tmen
t sy
stem
. A
sop
hist
icat
ed c
ontr
ol s
yste
m m
onit
ors
and
con
trol
s th
e pr
oces
s, m
akin
g it
bo
th e
asy
to o
pera
te a
nd h
ighl
y ef
fici
ent.
Wit
h O
utot
ec H
CD
(H
igh
Cur
rent
D
ensi
ty)
silv
er e
lect
ro-r
efin
ing
cells
, cur
rent
den
siti
es e
xcee
din
g 10
00
A/m
2 ar
e
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
91
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
poss
ible
, de
pend
ing
on
the
com
posi
tion
of
th
e si
lver
D
ore
anod
es
bein
g pr
oces
sed.
Fi
gure
47:
Silv
er R
efin
ing
The
elec
tro-
refi
ning
pro
cess
is c
onti
nuou
s ex
cept
whe
n n
ew s
ilver
Dor
e an
odes
ar
e lo
aded
in
the
cells
and
silv
er a
node
slim
e an
d an
ode
scra
p is
dis
char
ged
from
the
cel
ls a
t th
e en
d of
the
ele
ctro
lysi
s cy
cle.
The
ano
des
cont
inuo
usly
di
ssol
ve, d
epos
itin
g re
fine
d si
lver
on
the
cat
hode
s. T
he c
ell i
s eq
uipp
ed w
ith
an
auto
mat
ic
scra
per
syst
em
that
re
mov
es
the
depo
sits
–
the
silv
er
crys
tals
sc
rape
d of
f th
e ca
thod
es a
re c
olle
cted
at
the
bott
om o
f th
e ce
lls. A
t th
e en
d of
th
e el
ectr
olys
is
cycl
e,
a sl
urry
co
ntai
ning
cr
ysta
ls
of
cath
ode
silv
er
and
elec
trol
yte
is d
isch
arge
d in
to a
sie
ve t
ank.
The
qua
lity
of t
he s
ilver
cry
stal
s pr
oduc
ed
in
the
elec
trol
ytic
re
fini
ng
proc
ess
is
ensu
red
by
elec
trol
yte
circ
ulat
ion.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
92
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
48:
Silv
er E
lect
rore
finin
g Ce
ll
All
this
hel
ps in
crea
se t
he e
ffic
ienc
y of
the
pro
cess
, dec
reas
e m
anua
l wor
k, a
nd
incr
ease
the
am
ount
of
silv
er r
ecov
ered
. Th
e m
odul
ar d
esig
n m
akes
it
easy
to
scal
e th
e so
luti
on f
or y
our
desi
red
capa
city
. S
ilver
ano
de s
lime
cont
aini
ng
valu
able
im
puri
ties
suc
h as
gol
d an
d pl
atin
um-g
roup
met
als
(PG
Ms)
is
also
fo
rmed
dur
ing
the
elec
trol
ysis
pro
cess
. Th
e sl
ime
is c
olle
cted
insi
de a
node
bag
s su
rrou
ndin
g si
lver
Dor
é an
odes
and
can
be
furt
her
proc
esse
d us
ing
the
Gol
d R
efin
ing
proc
ess
for
reco
very
of
gold
and
PG
Ms.
Th
e no
n-di
ssol
ved
anod
es r
emai
nin
g af
ter
elec
trol
ysis
are
rec
ycle
d fo
r sm
elti
ng
and
cast
ing
of n
ew s
ilver
Dor
é an
odes
. S
pent
ele
ctro
lyte
wit
hdra
wn
from
ci
rcul
atio
n is
rep
lace
d w
ith
fres
h si
lver
nit
rate
ele
ctro
lyte
in
orde
r to
kee
p th
e si
lver
con
tent
at
a co
nsta
nt le
vel.
Silv
er e
lect
roly
te p
repa
rati
on s
yste
m S
ome
of t
he s
ilver
cry
stal
s pr
oduc
ed i
n th
e si
lver
ele
ctro
refi
ning
cel
l are
pro
cess
ed in
the
silv
er e
lect
roly
te p
repa
rati
on
syst
em,
whe
re t
hey
are
diss
olve
d to
pro
duce
pur
e si
lver
nit
rate
sol
utio
n. T
he
proc
ess
and
equi
pmen
t de
sign
avo
ids
the
form
atio
n of
tox
ic N
Ox
gase
s, w
hich
im
prov
es t
he s
afet
y of
the
wor
king
env
iron
men
t. T
he s
yste
m is
als
o av
aila
ble
as
stan
dalo
ne e
quip
men
t w
ith
its
own
cont
rol s
yste
m.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
93
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Dry
ing
of s
ilver
cry
stal
s Th
e fi
nal
prod
uct
can
be e
ithe
r si
lver
bar
s or
silv
er g
ranu
les.
In
both
cas
es t
he
silv
er c
ryst
als
are
drie
d us
ing
the
fully
aut
omat
ed S
ilver
Dry
er, w
hich
con
sist
s of
a f
an,
a he
ater
, an
d a
siev
e ta
nk f
or t
he s
ilver
cry
stal
s. T
he d
ried
silv
er
crys
tals
are
the
n m
elte
d us
ing
an in
duct
ion
fur
nace
. C
asti
ng a
nd b
ar p
roce
ssin
g C
asti
ng o
f si
lver
bar
s is
per
form
ed u
sing
a S
ilver
Bar
Cas
ting
Whe
el f
or 1
00
0
troy
oun
ce (
appr
oxim
atel
y 31
kg)
ing
ots.
The
bar
s ar
e th
en c
oole
d in
a w
ater
ba
th.
Furt
her
oper
atio
ns,
such
as
polis
hing
, w
eigh
ing,
mar
king
, an
d st
acki
ng
can
be p
erfo
rmed
by
the
Silv
er P
WM
S R
obot
. Th
e eq
uipm
ent
prod
uces
silv
er
bars
tha
t m
eet
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
Lond
on B
ullio
n M
arke
t A
ssoc
iati
on’s
G
ood
Del
iver
y st
anda
rds.
G
ranu
lati
on a
nd p
acki
ng
Silv
er G
ranu
lati
on E
quip
men
t co
nsis
ts o
f an
ind
ucti
on f
urn
ace,
gra
nula
tion
eq
uipm
ent
and
a re
ceiv
ing
tank
. G
ranu
les
are
drie
d in
the
Silv
er D
ryer
and
pa
cked
usi
ng a
mat
eria
l-ha
ndlin
g sy
stem
tha
t pr
oduc
es r
eady
-to-
ship
bag
s th
at
are
seal
ed a
nd m
arke
d.
Fi
gure
49:
Silv
er G
ranu
latio
n &
Pac
king
3.12
.4.
GO
LD L
EAC
HIN
G &
REC
OV
ERY
A n
ew e
nvir
onm
enta
lly f
rien
dly
chlo
ride
lea
chin
g pr
oces
s fo
r go
ld o
res
and
conc
entr
ates
is
deve
lope
d. T
he n
ew p
roce
ss c
ombi
nes
effe
ctiv
e go
ld l
each
ing
wit
h a
new
typ
e of
gol
d so
lven
t ex
trac
tion
pro
cess
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
94
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
50:
Gol
d Le
achi
ng &
Rec
over
y
Hig
hly
oxid
izin
g po
wer
in g
old
leac
hing
pro
vide
s ve
ry f
ast
leac
hing
kin
etic
s an
d ex
celle
nt g
old
reco
very
. G
old
can
be e
xtra
cted
fro
m p
regn
ant
leac
h so
luti
ons
usin
g so
lven
t ex
trac
tion
. P
ure
gold
pro
duct
is
prec
ipit
ated
dir
ectl
y fr
om t
he
stri
ppin
g so
luti
on.
Solv
ent
extr
acti
on t
echn
olog
y en
able
s al
so d
irec
t si
lver
re
cove
ry.
Eff
luen
t ge
nera
ted
duri
ng
the
proc
ess
is
trea
ted
in
stat
e of
ar
t ef
flue
nt
trea
tmen
t fa
cilit
y.
3.13
.CO
NTI
NU
OU
S C
AST
CO
PP
ER W
IRE
RO
D P
LAN
T (C
CR
):
Two
plan
ts o
f C
onti
nuou
s C
ast
Cop
per
Wir
e R
od P
lant
wit
h a
cap
acit
y of
250
K
TPA
eac
h w
ill b
e se
t up
. C
oppe
r C
atho
de p
rodu
ced
from
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y w
ill
be
mel
ted
in
a ve
rtic
al
shaf
t fu
rnac
e w
ith
the
help
of
ga
seou
s fu
el
like
LNG
/LP
G/
etc
and
draw
n in
the
for
m o
f C
oppe
r w
ire
rod
on c
onti
nuou
s ba
sis
from
a c
onti
nuou
s ca
stin
g an
d ro
lling
mac
hine
. R
od w
ill b
e of
var
ious
siz
es a
s pe
r m
arke
t re
quir
emen
t su
ch a
s 8
to
32 m
m.
The
copp
er r
od i
s m
anuf
actu
red
by t
he m
oder
n co
ntin
uous
cas
ting
and
rol
ling
tech
nolo
gy C
ON
TIR
OD
/ S
outh
Wir
e/ P
rope
rzi
usin
g th
e m
achi
nery
sup
plie
d by
A
sarc
o (U
SA
) –
shaf
t fu
rnac
e, H
azel
ett
(US
A)
– tw
in b
elt
cast
er/
Sou
th w
ire/
C
onti
nuou
s P
rope
rzi C
aste
r, S
MS
-ME
ER
(G
erm
any)
/ M
orga
n (U
SA
)/ C
onti
nuou
s P
rope
rzi (
Ital
y) –
rol
ling
mill
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
95
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
The
proc
ess
of
copp
er
rod
man
ufac
turi
ng
cons
ists
of
th
e fo
llow
ing
mai
n
stag
es:
1.C
harg
ing
copp
er c
atho
des
into
the
sha
ft f
urna
ce b
y th
e sk
ip h
oist
and
m
elti
ng o
f th
e m
etal
wit
h ga
seou
s fu
el.
2.P
repa
rati
on o
f m
etal
for
cas
ting
in t
he h
oldi
ng f
urna
ce.
3.C
onti
nuou
s ca
stin
g re
ctan
gula
r/ T
rape
zoid
al s
hape
cop
per
bar
on t
he
cast
er.
4.
Rol
ling
of c
onti
nuou
sly
cast
in t
he r
ollin
g m
ill.
5.C
oolin
g an
d br
ight
enin
g of
cop
per
rod.
6
.C
oati
ng t
he c
oppe
r ro
d w
ith
anti
-cor
rosi
on w
ax la
yer.
7.
Coi
ling
of t
he c
oppe
r ro
d in
to c
oils
. 8
.W
eigh
ing,
pac
king
, war
ehou
sing
, and
shi
ppin
g of
the
fin
ishe
d pr
oduc
t.
Figu
re 5
1: C
CR P
lant
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
96
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
52:
CCR
Pla
nt F
low
She
et
3.14
.PH
OSP
HO
RIC
AC
ID P
LAN
T:
Two
plan
ts o
f P
hosp
hori
c ac
id p
lant
of
250
KTP
A (
100
% P
2O5)
cap
acit
y ea
ch
will
be
set
up.
This
will
be
valu
e ad
diti
on t
o pr
opos
ed C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
proj
ect
as w
ell
as I
ndia
n Fe
rtili
zer
indu
stri
es.
This
will
be
sold
to
fert
ilize
r co
mpa
nies
. P
hosp
hogy
psum
pro
duce
d du
ring
the
pro
cess
will
be
sold
to
cem
ent
indu
stri
es
as
wel
l as
fe
rtili
zer
and
rest
w
ill
be
stoc
k pi
led.
H
ydro
Fl
uro
Sili
cic
acid
ge
nera
ted
as a
byp
rodu
ct w
ill b
e co
nver
ted
as A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e as
wel
l as
so
ld in
the
mar
ket.
Th
e ro
ck p
hosp
hate
rec
eive
d by
roa
d/ c
onve
ying
sys
tem
fro
m p
ort
and
stor
ed
in R
ock
phos
phat
e st
orag
e ar
ea.
The
rock
pho
spha
te w
ill b
e ta
ken
to r
eact
or
(R1)
by
conv
eyor
an
d ho
pper
whe
re i
t is
mix
ed w
ith
rec
ycle
d sl
urry
, w
hich
co
ntai
ns m
ainl
y P
2O5,
CaO
, S
O3
and
H20
rec
eive
d fr
om R
eact
or (
R2)
. S
lurr
y pr
epar
ed i
n th
e re
acto
r (R
1) s
erie
s w
ill b
e se
nt t
o Fl
ash
Col
umn
to c
ool
the
slur
ry a
nd m
aint
ain
the
requ
ired
tem
pera
ture
in t
he r
eact
or c
ompa
rtm
ent.
The
sl
urry
sep
arat
ed o
ut f
rom
fla
sh c
olum
n w
ill b
e fe
d to
Rea
ctor
(R
2) t
o re
act
wit
h su
lphu
ric
acid
and
for
m t
he s
lurr
y w
hich
will
be
sent
to
filt
er. P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
of 2
6-2
7% T
o 4
2-4
3% (
Wea
k P
hosp
hori
c A
cid)
will
be
reco
vere
d ba
sed
on t
he
proc
ess
of p
hosp
hori
c ac
id is
sel
ecte
d. A
ser
ies
of w
ashe
s ha
s be
en in
trod
uced
to
rec
over
the
P2O
5 fr
om t
he f
ilter
ed c
ake,
bef
ore
it is
sen
t G
ypsu
m P
ond.
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r R
od P
lant
Flo
w S
heet
Cat
hode
Mel
ting
Fu
rnac
e
Met
alH
oldi
ng F
urna
ce
In P
roce
ss M
ater
ial
-C
ast
Bar
, Rej
ecte
d C
oils
,et
c
Co
pper
Cat
hode
fro
m
Ref
iner
y
In p
roce
ss M
ater
ial
to
Mel
ting
Furn
ace
Co
nti
nu
ou
s C
asti
ng
S
ecti
on
Con
tinu
ous
Rol
ling
Sec
tion
Wax
ing
and
Coi
ling
Sec
tion
Act
ive
Sili
ca f
or S
ales
/C
on
sum
pti
on
In
PA
P
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
97
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
53:
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
Plan
t Flo
w S
heet
Filt
ered
aci
d is
the
n se
nt t
o C
lari
fica
tion
sec
tion
to
trap
the
sol
ids
pass
ed
thro
ugh
the
filt
er c
loth
. C
lari
fied
aci
d is
the
n fe
d th
roug
h E
vapo
rati
on s
ecti
on
to
enha
nce
the
conc
entr
atio
n to
4
8-5
4%
P
2O5
(Str
ong
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d)
suit
able
for
fer
tiliz
er m
anuf
actu
rer.
D
urin
g ev
apor
atio
n of
the
wea
k P
hosp
hori
c ac
id t
o st
rong
pho
spho
ric
acid
, H
ydro
flu
ro S
ilici
c ac
id o
f 18
-20
% c
once
ntra
tion
is g
ener
ated
. Thi
s ac
id is
the
n
part
ially
con
sum
ed i
n ho
use
for
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
man
ufac
turi
ng a
nd r
est
is
sold
in t
he m
arke
t.
3.15
.ALU
MIN
UM
FLU
OR
IDE
PLA
NT
Hyd
ro f
luro
Sili
cic
acid
gen
erat
ed f
rom
Ph
osph
oric
aci
d pl
ant
will
be
conv
erte
d in
val
ue a
dded
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide.
Tw
o pl
ants
of
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
wit
h a
Phos
phor
ic A
cid
Plan
t Fl
ow S
heet
Rock
Pho
shat
e
Rea
ctio
n Se
ctio
n /
Dig
esto
r
Flas
h C
oole
r
Wea
k Ph
osph
oric
Aci
d Fr
om F
ilter
Sec
tion
Sulp
huri
c A
cid
Wea
k Ph
osph
oric
Aci
dto
R
eact
ion
Sect
ion
Solid
sto
Rea
ctio
n Se
ctio
n
Slur
ryfo
r Fi
ltrat
ion
Phos
phor
icA
cid
(26
-4
3% P
2O5)
for
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Evap
orat
ion
Sect
ion
Phos
phor
ic A
cid
(48
% -
54%
P2O
5) F
or S
ales
Hyd
ro F
luro
Sili
cic
Aci
d fo
rSa
les
& A
lF3
Prod
ucti
on
Gyp
sum
to
Gyp
sum
Yar
d fo
r Sa
les/
Sto
ckpi
le
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
98
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
capa
city
of
15 K
TPA
eac
h w
ill b
e se
t up
. A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e pr
oduc
ed w
ill b
e so
ld t
o A
lum
inum
man
ufac
turi
ng C
ompa
nies
.
Fi
gure
54:
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
Flow
She
et
Alu
min
um h
ydra
te w
ill b
e so
urce
d fr
om lo
cal m
arke
t. A
lum
inum
hyd
rate
will
be
dige
sted
wit
h hy
dro
flur
o si
licic
aci
d to
mak
e A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e in
liq
uid
form
an
d si
lica
part
will
be
sepa
rate
d by
filt
rati
on. L
iqui
d al
umin
um f
luor
ide
will
the
n un
derg
o cr
ysta
lliza
tion
pro
cess
and
the
n A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e w
ill b
e fi
lter
ed a
nd
drie
d w
ith
gase
ous
fuel
bef
ore
send
ing
it t
o pa
ckag
ing
sect
ion.
Cyc
loni
c se
para
tor
and
bag
filt
ers
will
be
inst
alle
d to
rec
over
the
Alu
min
um
fluo
ride
, wh
ich
may
get
esc
aped
dur
ing
the
dryi
ng p
roce
ss.
3.16
.EFF
LUEN
T TR
EATM
ENT
PLA
NT
(ETP
)
Was
te w
ater
gen
erat
ed f
rom
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y an
d A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e pl
ant
will
be
trea
ted
in s
tate
of
art
effl
uen
t tr
eatm
ent
faci
lity.
Alum
inum
Flu
orid
e Pl
ant
Flow
She
et
Reac
tion
Sect
ion
/ Di
gest
or
Silic
a Fi
ltera
tion
Alum
inum
Hyd
rate
Hyd
ro F
luro
Sili
c Ac
id
(20%
)
Filtr
ate
tran
sfer
red
to
Phos
phor
ic A
cid
Plan
t
Filtr
ate
to C
ryst
allis
er
Alum
inum
Flu
orid
eFi
ltrat
ion
Alum
inum
Fluo
ride
for
Pack
agin
g
Activ
e Si
lica
for S
ales
/Co
nsum
ptio
n In
PAP
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
99
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 5
5: E
fflue
nt T
reat
men
t Fac
ility
The
Ferr
ic a
rsen
ate
proc
ess
is a
sol
utio
n fo
r m
anag
ing
toxi
c ar
seni
c in
pro
cess
an
d ef
flue
nt s
trea
ms.
The
pro
cess
con
sist
s of
a f
erri
c ar
sen
ate
prec
ipit
atio
n
stag
e fo
llow
ed b
y ne
utra
lizat
ion
usin
g lim
e m
ilk. T
he p
roce
ss is
bas
ed o
n ea
sy,
robu
st
and
unde
rsta
ndab
le
prec
ipit
atio
n.
The
trea
tmen
t of
to
xic
arse
nic
requ
ires
a h
igh
leve
l pro
cess
rel
iabi
lity.
Thi
s ca
n be
gua
rant
eed
usin
g th
e co
st-
effe
ctiv
e Fe
rric
ars
enat
e pr
oces
s.
Aft
er
the
ferr
ic
arse
nate
pr
oces
s th
e tr
eate
d w
ater
ha
s a
low
ar
seni
c co
ncen
trat
ion,
typ
ical
ly c
onta
inin
g 1-
3 m
g/L
arse
nic.
If
an e
ven
low
er a
rsen
ic
conc
entr
atio
n is
req
uire
d, a
pol
ishi
ng s
tep
wit
h en
hanc
ed a
rsen
ic r
emov
al c
an
be i
nclu
ded.
The
pro
cess
com
pris
es t
he n
eutr
aliz
atio
n of
aci
dic
stre
ams
and
the
adva
nced
rem
oval
of
met
al im
puri
ties
, inc
ludi
ng N
i, C
d, C
u, S
b an
d Zn
. The
fi
nal p
rodu
ct o
f th
e fe
rric
ars
enat
e tr
eatm
ent
proc
ess
is t
reat
ed w
ater
tha
t ca
n be
saf
ely
disc
harg
ed t
o th
e en
viro
nmen
t or
rec
ycle
d ba
ck f
or p
roce
ss u
se. T
he
sele
ctio
n of
the
ars
enic
tre
atm
ent
proc
ess
is g
over
ned
by r
esid
ual s
tabi
lity.
The
re
sidu
e of
the
Fer
ric
arse
nate
pro
cess
is a
sta
ble
solid
pre
cipi
tate
.
Trea
ted
effl
uent
will
be
cons
umed
wit
hin
the
plan
t op
erat
ions
to
max
imu
m
exte
nt.
Res
t w
ill b
e fe
d to
Rev
erse
Osm
osis
(R
O)
plan
t fo
r fu
rthe
r tr
eatm
ent
and
reco
very
for
wat
er.
Rej
ects
fro
m t
he R
O p
lant
will
be
fed
to M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor
(ME
E)
and
solid
s fr
om M
EE
will
be
disp
osed
to
Sec
ured
Lan
d Fi
ll (S
LF).
3.17
.UTI
LITI
ES R
EQU
IREM
ENT:
Follo
win
g ut
ility
item
s ar
e co
nsid
ered
.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
100
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
a.P
ower
– In
com
ing
Su
bsta
tion
b.
Req
uire
d Fu
el O
il su
pply
sys
tem
c.
LNG
/LP
G
d.P
roce
ss a
ir c
ompr
esso
r
e.O
xyge
n P
lant
f.
Req
uire
d E
lect
rica
l & In
stru
men
tati
on
g.W
aste
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Bas
ed P
ower
Pla
nt
h.R
aw W
ater
Sto
rage
and
sup
ply
syst
em
i.D
M P
lant
j.
Sec
onda
ry R
O P
lant
, k.
Mul
ti E
ffec
t E
vapo
rato
r, et
c
3.
17.1
.W
ATE
R:
The
Req
uire
men
t W
ater
for
the
pla
nt h
as b
een
esti
mat
ed a
rou
nd 3
2,8
00
M
3/D
ay f
or p
hase
# 1
and
pha
se #
2 p
ut t
oget
her.
M/s
. A
dani
Por
ts &
S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zon
e Lt
d (
AP
SEZL
) w
ill b
e su
pply
ing
the
tota
l w
ater
re
quir
emen
t fo
r th
e pl
ant.
3.17
.2.
PO
WER
:
The
tota
l est
imat
ed p
ower
req
uire
men
t fo
r C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt is
30
0
MW
for
pha
se #
1 a
nd p
hase
# 2
, pu
t to
geth
er;
out
of w
hich
40
MW
w
ould
be
gene
rate
d fr
om i
nter
nal
proc
ess
stea
m a
nd b
alan
ce 2
60
MW
po
wer
wou
ld b
e so
urce
d fr
om G
rid/
M/s
. Ada
ni P
orts
& S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zo
ne L
td (
AP
SE
ZL)
3.17
.3.
FUEL
OIL
:
Fuel
oil
stor
age
faci
lity
will
be
built
as
per
requ
irem
ent
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
guid
elin
es
from
P
etro
leum
&
E
xplo
sive
s S
afet
y O
rgan
isat
ion
(P
ES
O).
. Cap
acit
y of
the
sys
tem
will
be
base
d on
the
des
ign
requ
irem
ent
afte
r fi
naliz
atio
n of
the
eng
inee
ring
.
3.17
.4.
LPG
/ LN
G:
LPG
/LN
G s
tora
ge f
acili
ty w
ill b
e bu
ilt a
s pe
r re
quir
emen
t in
acc
orda
nce
wit
h gu
idel
ines
fro
m P
etro
leum
& E
xplo
sive
s S
afet
y O
rgan
isat
ion
(PE
SO
).
Cap
acit
y of
the
sys
tem
will
be
base
d on
the
des
ign
requ
irem
ent
afte
r fi
naliz
atio
n of
the
en
gine
erin
g.
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
101
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
3.17
.5.
AIR
CO
MP
RES
SOR
:
A
ded
icat
ed a
ir c
ompr
esso
r st
atio
n w
ill in
stal
led
to s
uppl
y pr
oces
s ai
r as
w
ell
as m
oist
ure
free
air
as
Inst
rum
ent
air
for
oper
atio
n of
pne
umat
ic
base
d in
stru
men
ts.
Cap
acit
y of
the
sys
tem
will
be
base
d on
the
des
ign
re
quir
emen
t af
ter
fin
aliz
atio
n of
the
eng
inee
ring
.
3.17
.6.
OX
YG
EN P
LAN
T:
2 O
xyge
n pl
ants
ea
ch
of
160
0
TPD
C
apac
ity
deliv
erin
g 9
5%
puri
ty
Oxy
gen
will
be
set
up f
or C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
requ
irem
ent.
3.17
.7.
WA
STE
HEA
T R
ECO
VER
Y B
AS
ED P
OW
ER P
LAN
T:
Wit
h fo
cus
on r
ecov
ery
of h
eat
ener
gy, w
aste
hea
t re
cove
ry b
ased
pow
er
plan
t w
ith
~ 4
0 M
W c
apac
ity
will
be
inst
alle
d.
3.17
.8.
DM
PLA
NT
A
ded
icat
ed D
M p
lant
will
be
set
up t
o fu
lfill
the
req
uire
men
t of
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Ta
nk H
ouse
and
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r R
od P
lant
.
3.17
.9.
REV
ERS
E O
SM
OSI
S (R
O)
PLA
NT:
A d
edic
ated
RO
pla
nt
will
be
inst
alle
d at
the
dow
nst
ream
of
the
prop
osed
E
fflu
ent
Trea
tmen
t P
lant
. Thi
s w
ill h
elp
to r
euse
and
rec
ycle
th
e tr
eate
d w
ater
eff
ecti
vely
wit
hin
the
plan
t re
quir
emen
t.
3.17
.10
.MU
LTI E
FFEC
T EV
AP
OR
ATO
R:
Rej
ects
fro
m t
he R
O p
lant
will
be
fed
to M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor
(ME
E)
to
ensu
re t
hat
plan
t w
ill b
e Ze
ro L
iqui
d D
isch
arge
(ZL
D)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
102
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 5
6: P
roce
ss F
low
shee
t for
Inte
grat
ed C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Air
Ener
gy
Ste
amH
eat
SO2 G
as
Mat
te +
Sla
g
Gas
Sta
ck
Slag
for
Gra
nula
tion
Mat
teSl
ag f
or G
ranu
lati
on
Hg
Sale
sCo
nver
ter S
lag
SO2 G
asM
atte
Dry
SO
2
Gas
Blis
ter C
oppe
r
H2S
O4
Sale
s A
node
Sla
g
Copp
er M
etal
H2S
O4
Copp
er A
node
Bi &
Sb
Salt
s
Tellu
rium
Nic
kel
H3P
O4
Sale
s
Gyp
sum
Sele
nium
H2S
iF6
Alum
inum
Hyd
rate
H2S
iF6
Sale
sSi
lver
Gol
d
Cath
odes
Sale
s
CCR
Sal
es
Copp
er S
mel
ter
Com
plex
Flo
w S
heet
Roc
k Ph
osph
ate
Cath
odes
PGM
Con
cent
rate
AlF 3
Sal
es
Copp
er S
crap
(Int
erna
l +E
xter
nal)
Copp
er S
crap
(Int
erna
l +E
xter
nal)
Smel
ting
Fur
nace
Sett
ler/
Sla
g Cl
eani
ngFu
rnac
e
Fugi
tive
G
ases
Sc
rubb
er
Oxy
gen
Plan
t
Cu
Con
cent
rate
Flux
Mat
eria
l
Pier
ce S
mit
h Co
nver
ter
Slag
Cle
anin
g Fu
rnac
e
WH
RB
Turb
ine
Anod
e Fu
rnac
e
Sulp
huri
c A
cid
Pla
nt
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
dA
cid
Pla
nt
Alu
min
um
Fluo
ride
Pla
nt
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Tank
H
ouse
CC
R P
lant
Min
or M
etal
Rec
over
y
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y
Gas
C
lean
ing
P
lant
Copp
erSc
rap
Mel
ting
Fu
rnac
e
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
103
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-4: R
ESO
UR
CES
CO
NSU
MP
TIO
N
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
104
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 4
Res
ourc
es C
onsu
mpt
ion
4.1
.R
AW
MA
TER
IAL
CO
NSU
MP
TIO
N &
SO
UR
CE:
Tabl
e 11
: Raw
Mat
eria
l Con
sum
ptio
n Q
uant
ity &
Sou
rce:
4.2
.R
AW
MA
TER
IAL
CH
EMIC
AL
AN
ALY
SIS
1.C
oppe
r C
once
ntra
te C
ompo
siti
on (
Feed
Mix
to
Sm
elti
ng F
urna
ce):
Tabl
e 12
: Cop
per C
once
ntra
te C
hem
ical
Com
posit
ion
Con
cent
rate
Ble
nd C
ompo
siti
on
Tent
ativ
e V
alue
Moi
stur
e 6
- 8%
Cop
per
23 -
28%
Iron
25
- 29
%
Sul
phur
31
- 34
%
SiO
2 2
- 10
%
CaO
0
.5 -
2%
Al 2
O3
1 - 5
%
Fe3O
4
0.5
– 1
.5%
Aci
d In
solu
ble
9 -
15%
Ars
enic
20
00
- 30
00
ppm
Sl.
No.
Des
crip
tion
UO
MP
hase
# 1
Pha
se #
2S
ourc
e
AR
aw M
ater
ial
1C
oppe
r C
once
ntra
teTP
A16
,00
,00
0
16
,00
,00
0
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
2Si
lica
TPA
1,6
0,0
00
1,
60
,00
0
Loca
l
3Li
me
Ston
eTP
A4
0,0
00
40
,00
0
Lo
cal
4Q
uart
zTP
A72
,00
0
72
,00
0
Lo
cal
5Q
uick
Lim
eTP
A30
,00
0
30
,00
0
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
6C
oppe
r Sc
rap
& E
Scr
apTP
A1,
00
,00
0
1,0
0,0
00
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
7R
ock
Pho
spha
teTP
A8
,75,
00
0
8,7
5,0
00
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
8A
lum
ina
Hyd
rate
TPA
18,7
50
18,7
50
Loca
l
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
105
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Sel
eniu
m
300
ppm
Bis
mut
h 25
0 p
pm
Chl
orid
e 30
0 p
pm
Fluo
ride
10
00
- 15
00
ppm
Mer
cury
50
ppm
Lead
1
- 2%
Zinc
2
– 4
%
2.
Sili
ca S
and
Tabl
e 13
: Sili
ca S
and
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion
Des
crip
tion
V
alue
SiO
2 >
95%
Min
eral
ogy
Qua
rtz
Par
ticl
e S
ize
< 3
mm
3.Li
me
Sto
ne
Tabl
e 14
: Lim
e St
one
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion
Des
crip
tion
V
alue
C
aO
> 4
5%
Par
ticl
e S
ize
< 8
mm
M
iner
alog
y C
ryst
allin
e
4.
Qua
rtz
Chi
ps
Tabl
e 15
: Qua
rtz C
hips
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n
Des
crip
tion
V
alue
SiO
2 >
95%
Min
eral
ogy
Qua
rtz
Par
ticl
e S
ize
15 -2
5 m
m
5.
Qui
ck L
ime
Tabl
e 16
: Qui
ck L
ime
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion
Des
crip
tion
V
alue
C
aO
> 9
0%
P
arti
cle
Siz
e ~
25
mm
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
106
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
6.
Alu
min
a H
ydra
te
Tabl
e 17
: Alu
min
a Hy
drat
e Ch
emic
al C
ompo
sitio
n
Des
crip
tion
V
alue
Al 2
O3
> 6
4.5
%
SiO
2 <
0.0
16%
Hyd
rate
>
98
.5%
Moi
stur
e <
8%
LOI
<36
%
7.R
ock
Pho
spha
te
Tabl
e 18
: Roc
k Ph
osph
ate
Chem
ical
Com
posit
ion
Par
amet
er
Val
ue
Moi
stur
e
< 3
%
P2O
5
30%
– 3
4%
Fe2O
3
0
.25%
– 2
.0%
Al 2
O3
0.2
5% –
1.5
0%
Chl
orid
e
50 p
pm –
60
0 p
pm
Fluo
ride
3%
- 4
.5%
Sili
ca
4%
- 14
%
Sul
phat
e as
SO
3-
0.8
% -
1.2
%
CaO
4
4%
-
52%
4.3
.FU
EL C
ON
SUM
PTI
ON
& S
OU
RC
E:
Tabl
e 19
: Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n Q
uant
ity &
Sou
rce
Sl.
No.
Des
crip
tion
UO
MP
hase
# 1
Pha
se #
2S
ourc
e
Fuel
1H
igh
Spee
d D
iese
lK
LPD
25
25
Loca
l
2Fu
rnac
e O
ilTP
D15
0
150
Lo
cal
3Li
quef
ied
Pet
role
um G
asTP
D50
50
Lo
cal
4C
oal /
Pet
Cok
eTP
D50
50
Lo
cal
5M
et C
oke
TPD
50
50
Loca
l
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
107
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
4.4
.W
ATE
R C
ON
SUM
PTI
ON
& S
OU
RC
E:
The
Req
uire
men
t W
ater
for
the
pla
nt h
as b
een
esti
mat
ed a
s 16
,40
0
M3/
Day
for
pha
se #
1 a
nd p
hase
# 2
eac
h.
AP
SEZ
thro
ugh
M/s
. M
PS
EZ
Uti
lity
Pvt
. Lim
ited
(M
UP
L) w
ill b
e su
pply
ing
the
tota
l wat
er r
equi
rem
ent
for
the
plan
t. T
his
wat
er w
ould
be
utili
zed
to m
eet
the
DM
wat
er a
nd
Pla
nt/U
tilit
y w
ater
req
uire
men
t of
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex.
The
wat
er
syst
em,
is h
ighl
y in
tegr
ated
and
is
desi
gned
for
Zer
o Li
quid
Dis
char
ge
(ZLD
).
4.5
.EL
ECTR
ICIT
Y C
ON
SUM
PTI
ON
& S
OU
RC
E
Tota
l Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
for
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex w
ill b
e ~
300
M
W
Pow
er g
ener
ated
thr
ough
Was
te H
eat
Rec
over
y B
oile
r w
ill b
e ~
40
MW
Bal
ance
E
lect
rica
l po
wer
w
ill
be
sour
ced
from
A
PS
EZ
thro
ugh
M/s
. M
PS
EZ
Uti
lity
Pvt
. Lim
ited
(M
UP
L) /
Gri
d. (
disc
om).
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
108
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Fi
gure
57:
Mat
eria
l Flo
w S
heet
(Ten
tativ
e): P
hase
# 1
(500
KTP
A Co
pper
Cat
hode
)
ProductsCopper CathodeTPA5,00,000
Raw MaterialSulphuric Acid (> 98%)TPA15,00,000 Copper ConcentrateTPA16,00,000 Continuous Cast Copper Wire RodTPA2,50,000 SilicaTPA1,60,000 Oxygen (Technical)TPM48,000 Lime StoneTPA40,000 GoldTPA25 QuartzTPA72,000 SilverTPA250 Quick LimeTPA30,000 Phosphoric Acid (as 100% P2O5)TPA2,50,000 Copper Scrap & E-ScrapTPA1,00,000 Aluminium FluorideTPA15,000 Rock PhosphateTPA8,75,000 ByproductsAlumina HydrateTPA18,750 Anode SlimeTPM250 FuelSeleniumTPM12 High Speed DieselKLPD25 PGM ConcentrateTPM3 Furnace OilTPD150 Ferro Sand/ Iron Silicate - Copper Slag (Granulated)TPM92,500 Liquefied Petroleum GasTPD50 PhosphogypsumTPM1,04,167 Coal / Pet CokeTPD50 Hydro Fluro Silicic Acid (~20% as H2SiF6)TPM1,250 Met CokeTPD50 Copper TellurideTPM21
TelluriumTPM4 Waste NickelTPM8 ETP Waste Sludge & Scrubber WasteTPM9,000 Bismuth BisulphateTPM60 Nickel SludgeTPM265 Calomel (Mercury Chloride) TPM9 Arsenic bearing sludge. As-Cu precipateTPM111 MercuryTPM8 Used OilKL/Yr100 CCR Mill ScaleTPM25 Oil SludgeT/yr25 Waste Heat Recovery Boiler based powerMW20 Spent CatalystKL/Yr200 Spent Resins from DM, RO & Refinery PlantKL/Yr10 ETP Treated WaterKL/Day2,516 Input to Reverse Osmosis PlantKL/Day356 Rejects from Multi Effect EvaporatorKL/Day28
Copper Plant Integrated ( Copper Smelter, Oxygen Plant, Copper Refinery, CCR Plant, PMR Plant, Sulphuric Acid
Plant, Phosphoric Acid Plant, Aluminum Fluoride Plant, etc)
Material Flow Sheet (Tentative) - 500 KTPA Copper Plant - Integrated (Stage # 1)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
109
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 5
8: M
ater
ial F
low
She
et (T
enta
tive)
: Pha
se #
2 (5
00 K
TPA
Copp
er C
atho
de)
ProductsCopper CathodeTPA5,00,000
Raw MaterialSulphuric Acid (> 98%)TPA15,00,000 Copper ConcentrateTPA16,00,000 Continuous Cast Copper Wire RodTPA2,50,000 SilicaTPA1,60,000 Oxygen (Technical)TPM48,000 Lime StoneTPA40,000 GoldTPA25 QuartzTPA72,000 SilverTPA250 Quick LimeTPA30,000 Phosphoric Acid (as 100% P2O5)TPA2,50,000 Copper Scrap & E-ScrapTPA1,00,000 Aluminium FluorideTPA15,000 Rock PhosphateTPA8,75,000 ByproductsAlumina HydrateTPA18,750 Anode SlimeTPM250 FuelSeleniumTPM12 High Speed DieselKLPD25 PGM ConcentrateTPM3 Furnace OilTPD150 Ferro Sand/ Iron Silicate - Copper Slag (Granulated)TPM92,500 Liquefied Petroleum GasTPD50 PhosphogypsumTPM1,04,167 Coal / Pet CokeTPD50 Hydro Fluro Silicic Acid (~20% as H2SiF6)TPM1,250 Met CokeTPD50 Copper TellurideTPM21
TelluriumTPM4 Waste NickelTPM8 ETP Waste Sludge & Scrubber WasteTPM9,000 Bismuth BisulphateTPM60 Nickel SludgeTPM265 Calomel (Mercury Chloride) TPM9 Arsenic bearing sludge. As-Cu precipateTPM111 MercuryTPM8 Used OilKL/Yr100 CCR Mill ScaleTPM25 Oil SludgeT/yr25 Waste Heat Recovery Boiler based powerMW20 Spent CatalystKL/Yr200 Spent Resins from DM, RO & Refinery PlantKL/Yr10 ETP Treated WaterKL/Day2,516 Input to Reverse Osmosis PlantKL/Day356 Rejects from Multi Effect EvaporatorKL/Day28
Copper Plant Integrated ( Copper Smelter, Oxygen Plant, Copper Refinery, CCR Plant, PMR Plant, Sulphuric Acid
Plant, Phosphoric Acid Plant, Aluminum Fluoride Plant, etc)
Material Flow Sheet (Tentative) - 500 KTPA Copper Plant - Integrated (Stage # 2)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
110
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 5
9: W
ater
Bal
ance
for P
hase
# 1
(Qua
ntiti
es in
M3/
Day
) (Te
ntat
ive)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
111
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Figu
re 6
0: W
ater
Bal
ance
for P
hase
# 2
(Qua
ntiti
es in
M3/
Day
) (Te
ntat
ive)
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
112
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-5: P
RO
DU
CTS
,
BY
PR
OD
UC
TS &
WA
STE
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
113
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 5
Pro
duct
s, B
ypro
duct
s &
Was
te
5.1.
PR
OD
UC
TS A
ND
CA
PA
CIT
Y:
Tabl
e 20
: Pro
duct
s and
Qua
ntity
:
5.2.
BY
-PR
OD
UC
TS A
ND
QU
AN
TITY
Tabl
e 21
: By-
Prod
ucts
and
Qua
ntity
Sl. N
o.Pr
oduc
tsU
OM
Phas
e #
1Ph
ase
# 2
1C
oppe
r Cat
hode
TPA
5,00
,000
5,00
,000
2Su
lphu
ric A
cid
(> 9
8%)
TPA
15,0
0,00
015
,00,
000
3C
ontin
uous
Cas
t Cop
per W
ire R
odTP
A2,
50,0
002,
50,0
00
4O
xyge
n (T
echn
ical
)TP
M48
,000
48,0
00
5G
old
TPA
2525
6Si
lver
TPA
250
250
7Ph
osph
oric
Aci
d (a
s 10
0% P
2O5)
TPA
2,50
,000
2,50
,000
8Al
umin
ium
Flu
orid
eTP
A15
,000
15,0
00
Sl.
No.
Byp
rodu
cts
UO
MP
hase
# 1
Pha
se #
2
1A
node
Slim
eTP
M25
0
25
0
2Se
leni
umTP
M12
12
3P
GM
Con
cent
rate
TPM
3
3
4Fe
rro
Sand
/ Iro
n Si
licat
e - C
oppe
r Sl
ag (G
ranu
late
d)TP
M9
2,50
0
9
2,50
0
5P
hosp
hogy
psum
TPM
1,0
4,1
67
1,0
4,1
67
6H
ydro
Flu
ro S
ilici
c A
cid
(~20
% a
s H
2Si
F 6)
TPM
1,25
0
1,
250
7C
oppe
r Te
lluri
deTP
M21
21
8Te
lluri
umTP
M4
4
9N
icke
lTP
M8
8
10B
ism
uth
Bis
ulph
ate
TPM
60
6
0
11C
alom
el (M
ercu
ry C
hlor
ide)
TP
M9
9
12M
ercu
ryTP
M8
8
13C
CR
Mill
Sca
leTP
M25
25
14W
aste
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
Boi
ler
base
d po
wer
MW
20
20
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
114
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
5.3.
WA
STE
GEN
ERA
TIO
N A
ND
QU
AN
TITY
Tabl
e 22
: Typ
e of
Was
te G
ener
atio
n &
Qua
ntity
5.
4.
BY
PR
OD
UC
T C
HA
RA
CTE
RIS
TIC
S (T
YP
ICA
L)
Tabl
e 23
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f Gra
nula
ted
Ferr
o Sa
nd/ I
ron
Silic
ate/
Cop
per S
lag
Gra
nula
ted
Ferr
o S
and/
Iron
Sili
cate
/ C
oppe
r Sl
ag
Par
amet
er
UO
M
Val
ue
Cop
per
%
< 1
Iron
%
4
0 -
45
Sul
phur
%
0
.5 –
1.5
Sili
ca
%
28 –
35
Lim
e - C
aO
%
3.0
– 5
.0
S.N
o.W
aste
U
OM
Phas
e #
1Ph
ase
# 2
1ET
P W
aste
Slu
dge
& Sc
rubb
er W
aste
TPM
9000
9,00
0
2N
icke
l Slu
dge
TPM
265
265
3Ar
seni
c be
arin
g sl
udge
. As-
Cu p
reci
pate
TPM
111
111
4U
sed
Oil
KL/Y
r10
010
0
5O
il Sl
udge
T/yr
2525
6Sp
ent C
atal
yst
KL/Y
r20
020
0
7Sp
ent R
esin
s fr
om D
M, R
O &
Ref
iner
y Pl
ant
KL/Y
r10
10
8ET
P Tr
eate
d W
ater
KL/D
ay25
162,
516
9In
put t
o Re
vers
e O
smos
is P
lant
KL/D
ay35
6
35
6
10Re
ject
s fr
om M
ulti
Effe
ct E
vapo
rato
rKL
/Day
28
28
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
115
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Tabl
e 24
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
P
aram
eter
U
OM
V
alue
Tota
l P2O
5 %
<
1
Wat
er S
olub
le P
2O5
%
<0
.2
Sul
phat
e as
SO
3- %
<
42
CaO
%
<
34
Sili
ca
%
<8
pH o
f 1%
sol
utio
n %
>
4.5
5.5.
WA
STE
CH
AR
AC
TER
ISTI
CS
(TY
PIC
AL)
Ta
ble
25: C
hem
ical
Ana
lysis
of S
crub
ber C
ake
Scru
bber
Cak
e
P
aram
eter
U
OM
V
alue
Iron
%
0
.05
– 0
.07
Cop
per
pp
m
10 -
20
Zinc
pp
m
1.0
- 2.
0
CaO
%
30
- 32
Sul
phat
e
%
40
– 4
5
Sili
ca
%
< 0
.5%
Moi
stur
e
%
45
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
116
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Tabl
e 26
: Che
mic
al A
naly
sis o
f ETP
Cak
e
ETP
Cak
e
Par
amet
er
UO
M
Val
ue
Iron
%
4
.5 –
6.2
Ars
enic
%
0
.8 –
1.5
Cop
per
m
g/l
130
0 –
210
0
Bis
mut
h
mg/
l 6
5 –
185
Cad
miu
m
mg/
l <
15
Chr
omiu
m
mg/
l <
15
Cob
alt
m
g/l
< 2
0
Nic
kel
mg/
l <
15
Lead
m
g/l
20 –
50
Ant
imon
y
mg/
l <
20
Sel
eniu
m
mg/
l 20
– 4
0
Zinc
m
g/l
110
0 –
250
0
CaO
%
28
– 3
0
Sul
phat
e as
SO
3- %
38
– 4
2
Sili
ca
%
< 0
.5%
Moi
stur
e %
35
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
117
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-6: S
ITE
AN
ALY
SIS
&
SELE
CTI
ON
F
easib
ility
Rep
ort
118
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 6
Site
Ana
lysi
s &
Sel
ecti
on
6.1
.N
ATU
RE
OF
PR
OJE
CT:
The
proj
ect
cost
est
imat
ed t
o be
aro
und
US
$ 1
.5 b
illio
n (R
s. 1
0,0
00
cr
ore)
for
pha
se #
1 &
Pha
se#
2; w
hich
incl
udes
tw
o pl
ants
eac
h of
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r, S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery,
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r W
ire
Rod
Pla
nt,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt,
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
Pla
nt,
etc.
The
pro
ject
wou
ld b
e lo
cate
d in
Mun
dra,
G
ujar
at w
ill p
rodu
ce 1
0LT
PA
of
Cop
per
Cat
hode
; 5L
TPA
of
Cop
per
Rod
; 30
LTP
A o
f S
ulph
uric
Aci
d; 5
LTP
A o
f P
hosp
hori
c A
cid;
30
,00
0TP
A o
f A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e, 2
88
TP
A o
f S
elen
ium
, 50
TPA
of
Gol
d; 5
00
TPA
of
Silv
er; e
tc w
ith
stat
e of
art
env
iron
men
t fr
iend
ly t
echn
olog
y.
Pla
nt C
onfi
gura
tion
:
Tabl
e 27
: Pla
nt C
onfig
urat
ion
Sl.N
o.
Pla
nt
Pha
se #
1
Pha
se #
2
1 C
oppe
r S
mel
ter
Pla
nt
4.5
0 L
TPA
4
.50
LTP
A
2 C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt
5.0
0 L
TPA
5.
00
LTP
A
3 C
onti
nuou
s C
ast
Cop
per
Rod
Pla
nt
2.50
LTP
A
2.50
LTP
A
4
Cop
per
Scr
ap &
E-S
crap
Mel
ting
Fac
ility
0
.50
LTP
A
0.5
0 L
TPA
5
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt
15.0
0 L
TPA
15
.00
LTP
A
6
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d P
lant
(10
0%
P2O
5)
2.50
LTP
A
2.50
LTP
A
7 A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e P
lant
0
.15
LTP
A
0.1
5 LT
PA
8
S
elen
ium
Rec
over
y P
lant
14
4 T
PA
14
4 T
PA
9
P
reci
ous
Met
al R
ecov
ery
Pla
nt
A
Gol
d 25
TP
A
25 T
PA
B
S
ilver
25
0 T
PA
25
0 T
PA
10
O
xyge
n (I
ndus
tria
l) P
lant
4
8,0
00
TP
M
48
,00
0 T
PM
11
W
aste
Hea
t re
cove
ry b
oile
r ba
sed
pow
er p
lant
20
MW
20
MW
6.2
.P
RO
JEC
T LO
CA
TIO
N:
The
Pro
ject
sit
e is
loc
ated
in
Sir
acha
and
Nav
inal
Vill
ages
at
AP
SE
Z M
undr
a ta
luka
, Dis
tric
t K
utch
in
the
stat
e of
Guj
arat
and
abo
ut
8.0
km
fr
om M
undr
a W
est
Por
t, G
ujar
at,
(lat
itud
e 2
2°4
8'5
5.78
"N a
nd l
ongi
tude
6
9°3
4'3
2.0
2"E
pr
ojec
t ar
ea c
ente
r ap
prox
). L
ocat
ion
map
of
the
plan
t is
sh
own
in F
igur
e 6
1: L
ocat
ion
map
of
the
plan
t.
Feasibility Report
119 Copper Refinery Project
Figure 61: Location map of the plant
MundraMMMMuuunnndddraaaaaaaa
Feasibility Report
120 Copper Refinery Project
Figure 62: Composite Layout for Copper Refinery Project
Site 2
Site 3
Site 1
UMPP – TATA Power Plant
Adani Power Plant
Adani West Port for RM Handling
Intake Channel for Power Plant
Outfall Channel
Outfall Channel for CGPL
Raw Material Conveyor from West Port to Copper
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
121
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
6.2
.1.
CO
NN
ECTI
VIT
Y
The
prop
osed
pro
ject
will
be
loca
ted
near
to
exis
ting
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt, 2
0
km d
ista
nce
from
Mun
dra
tow
n an
d a
roun
d 10
.5 k
m f
rom
Wes
t P
ort.
P
ropo
sed
Pla
nt s
ite
is l
ocat
ed i
n S
irac
ha a
nd N
avin
al v
illag
es i
n A
PS
EZ
Mun
dra,
M
undr
a Ta
luka
, K
utch
di
stri
ct
(lat
itud
e
22°4
8'5
5.78
"N
and
long
itud
e 6
9°3
4'3
2.0
2"E
pr
ojec
t ar
ea c
ente
r ap
prox
). A
ll ex
isti
ng v
illag
es
outs
ide
the
AP
SE
Z ar
ea a
nd a
re
acce
ssib
le b
y ex
isti
ng S
tate
Hig
hway
9S
h-
6)
and
Nat
iona
l H
ighw
ay (
NH
-8A
ext
) b
etw
een
Gan
dhid
ham
and
Man
dvi
tow
ns. P
ropo
sed
Pla
nt a
rea
is a
cces
sibl
e th
roug
h ex
isti
ng A
PS
EZ
road
whi
ch
conn
ecte
d th
roug
h ex
isti
ng S
tate
Hig
hway
and
nat
ion
al H
ighw
ay.
The
prop
osed
si
te
is
wel
l co
nnec
ted
by
the
exis
ting
N
atio
nal
/ S
tate
H
ighw
ays,
car
go r
ail
link,
whi
ch i
s ab
out
2.0
km
aw
ay f
rom
the
Nav
inal
R
ailw
ay S
tati
on .
The
near
est
airp
ort
is B
huj A
irpo
rt lo
cate
d at
a d
ista
nce
of
65
kms
from
th
e pr
opos
ed
proj
ect
site
. Th
e ne
ares
t ra
ilway
st
atio
n is
A
dipu
r/G
andh
idha
m,
whi
ch i
s ab
out
80
km
s fr
om p
roje
ct s
ite
and
near
est
tow
n is
Mun
dra
whi
ch i
s ab
out
20.0
km
s fr
om t
he p
ropo
sed
proj
ect
site
. Th
e na
tion
al h
ighw
ay N
H-8
A i
s pa
ssin
g at
abo
ut 1
5.0
km
s aw
ay f
rom
the
si
te. S
tate
Hig
hway
SH
-6 is
abo
ut 3
.0 k
m a
t no
rth
of p
ropo
sed
site
. The
sit
e is
wel
l con
nect
ed w
ith
Ahm
edab
ad c
ity
loca
ted
at a
bout
46
0 k
ms.
6.2
.2.
LAN
D F
OR
M/L
AN
D U
SE
PA
TTER
N, U
SE
& O
WN
ERS
HIP
:
The
area
ear
mar
ked
for
prop
osed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y is
app
rox
634
Acr
e.
Det
ails
of
the
sam
e ar
e gi
ven
belo
w:
Tabl
e 28
: Lan
d Fo
rm/L
and
Use
Pat
tern
, Use
& O
wne
rshi
p
Sr,N
o.
Par
ticu
lars
A
ppro
x A
rea
in A
cres
C
urre
nt
Ow
ners
hip
Kha
sra
No.
1.
AP
SE
Z S
EZ
Not
ifie
d La
nd
(Par
t)
381
AP
SE
Z S
irac
ha v
illag
e
125/
1, 1
25/2
, 126
, 129
, 13
5, 1
37,
138
/1,
140
, 14
1 pa
rt,
142
part
, 14
3, 1
44
/1, 1
44
/2, 1
47
part
, 29
5/1
part
, O
ld
AC
L,
Uns
urve
yed
land
.
Mun
dra
dive
rted
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
122
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Sr,N
o.
Par
ticu
lars
A
ppro
x A
rea
in A
cres
C
urre
nt
Ow
ners
hip
Kha
sra
No.
fore
st la
nd p
art.
Nav
inal
vill
age
223
part
, 22
4
part
, 22
5 pa
rt, O
ld A
CL
2.
AP
SE
Z
App
lied
fore
st
Land
(P
art)
253
AP
SE
Z S
irac
ha v
illag
e
Sur
vey
nos.
– 2
95/
2
To
tal
area
in
Acr
es
634
The
requ
ired
la
nd
fo
r en
tire
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
in
clud
ing
its
Gre
enbe
lt (
33%
of
tota
l la
nd)
will
be
acco
mm
odat
e as
per
the
det
aile
d pr
ojec
t re
quir
emen
ts in
the
iden
tifi
ed la
nd a
ppro
x. 6
34 A
cres
. The
Det
ails
of
the
iden
tifi
ed la
nd i
s m
enti
oned
abo
ve. L
and
for
diff
eren
t co
rrid
ors
(Pow
er/
Roa
d/ R
aw M
ater
ial C
onve
yor)
wou
ld b
e ad
diti
onal
.
6.2
.3.
TOP
OG
RA
PH
Y :
The
proj
ect
site
is
lo
cate
d w
ithi
n th
e A
PS
EZL
la
nd
and
alre
ady
desi
gnat
ed/r
ecor
ded
as in
dust
rial
land
. The
re is
no
sign
ific
ant
vege
tati
on o
r ha
bita
tion
in
the
pro
ject
sit
e. T
he n
eare
st s
igni
fica
nt f
eatu
res
from
the
pr
ojec
t si
te a
re 4
620
MW
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt a
nd T
ata
Pow
er (
Wes
tern
sid
e of
pro
ject
are
a),
and
Wes
t P
ort
of A
PSE
ZL (
Sou
th –
wes
t di
rect
ion
from
pr
ojec
t).
The
exis
ting
S
irac
ha
and
Nav
inal
vi
llage
s se
ttle
men
ts
ar
e in
pr
oxim
ity
wit
h th
e ap
prox
. dis
tanc
e of
2.5
km
to
the
prop
osed
pro
ject
sit
e.
From
Sou
th W
est
to N
orth
Eas
t m
ajor
ity
of a
rea
is o
f A
PS
EZL
whe
re w
est
port
is
also
loc
ated
.. Th
e la
nd i
s ha
ving
und
ulat
ions
and
min
or g
radi
ng w
ill
be r
equi
red.
6.2
.4.
EXIS
TIN
G IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E:
�D
ista
nce
from
Mun
dra
Tow
n –
15K
M
�D
ista
nce
from
Mun
dra
Wes
t P
ort
– 10
.5 K
M
�D
ista
nce
from
Sta
te H
ighw
ay-S
H6
– <
1 K
M (
Gan
dhid
ham
-Mun
dra-
Man
dvi)
�
Dis
tanc
e fr
om N
H8
A –
10
.0 K
M
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
123
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
�D
ista
nce
from
Rai
lway
line
– 3
.0 K
M (
AP
L G
ate
no-4
) �
Dis
tanc
e fr
om A
dani
Air
stri
p –
25 K
M
�D
ista
nce
from
Com
mer
cial
Air
port
(B
huj)
– 6
5 K
M
�D
ista
nce
from
Com
mer
cial
Air
port
(K
andl
a) –
80
KM
�
Wat
er s
ourc
e (S
ea)
– A
djac
ent
wit
hin
5.0
km
�A
djac
ent
to A
dani
Pow
er P
lant
�
Dis
tanc
e fr
om A
dani
Tow
nshi
p –
30 K
M
6.2
.5.
SOIL
CLA
SSIF
ICA
TIO
N:
Det
aile
d S
oil
Inve
stig
atio
n ha
s no
t be
en c
arri
ed o
ut i
n th
e ar
ea.
How
ever
, ba
sed
on a
vaila
ble
info
rmat
ion
from
the
nea
rby
and
adja
cen
t po
wer
pla
nt
proj
ect,
fou
ndat
ion
syst
em h
as b
een
env
isag
ed a
s fo
llow
s:
The
subs
oil
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e ge
nera
lly o
f go
od q
ualit
y. T
he s
ub s
oil
is
basi
cally
re
sidu
al
in
natu
re
wit
h un
derl
ying
ro
ck
laye
r.
The
soil
in
the
adja
cent
are
a is
med
ium
den
se s
ilty
fine
to
med
ium
san
d un
der
the
top
laye
r fo
llow
ed b
y de
nse
to v
ery
dens
e si
lty
fine
to
med
ium
san
d in
the
low
er la
yer.
A
t so
me
isol
ated
pla
ces,
sti
ff t
o ha
rd s
ilty
clay
or
clay
ey s
ilt m
ay b
e fo
und.
Th
e un
derl
ying
roc
k la
yer
is h
ighl
y w
eath
ered
roc
k in
the
upp
er l
ayer
to
mod
erat
ely
wea
ther
ed r
ock
in la
yers
bel
ow.
Wit
h th
e ab
ove
subs
oil
feat
ures
, the
sub
soil
is f
ound
to
be o
f go
od q
ualit
y an
d ex
pect
ed t
o pr
ovid
e go
od b
eari
ng c
apac
ity
at a
dep
th o
f ab
out
3 to
4m
. H
eavy
str
uctu
res
are
expe
cted
to
be o
n pi
les
and
the
light
er s
truc
ture
s w
ill
be o
n op
en f
ound
atio
ns.
The
stru
ctur
es w
hich
req
uire
pile
fou
ndat
ion
shal
l be
fin
aliz
ed b
ased
on
the
soi
l inv
esti
gati
on d
ata.
6.2
.6.
CLI
MA
TIC
DA
TA:
As
per
Indi
an M
eteo
rolo
gica
l de
part
men
t, G
ovt.
of
Indi
a, H
ighe
st m
onth
ly
mea
n of
da
ily
mea
n m
axim
um
tem
pera
ture
is
36
C
and
max
. dr
y bu
lb
tem
pera
ture
is 4
7.8
C, c
onsi
deri
ng m
ax H
umid
ity
95%
.
The
win
d is
pre
dom
inan
tly
from
the
sou
th-
wes
t as
wel
l as
fro
m w
est
to
som
e ex
tent
. Th
e ba
sic
win
d sp
eed
is 5
0 m
/sec
and
max
imum
win
d ve
loci
ty
is 6
5 km
ph. T
he p
ropo
sed
site
is lo
cate
d in
Sei
smic
Zon
e –
V a
s pe
r re
leva
nt
IS: 1
89
3-20
02.
Met
eoro
logi
cal D
ata
encl
osed
as
Ann
exur
e –
VI.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
124
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
6.3
.SE
LEC
TIO
N O
F LA
ND
FO
R T
HE
PR
OJE
CT
SITE
:
The
follo
win
g al
tern
ativ
e lo
cati
ons/
sit
es w
ere
cons
ider
ed a
nd
anal
ysed
to
sele
ct
the
mos
t su
itab
le
loca
tion
fo
r de
velo
pmen
t of
pr
opos
ed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y fa
cilit
y on
the
bas
is o
f ra
w m
ater
ial,
pow
er &
wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y, a
rea
requ
irem
ent
and
acce
ssib
ility
via
roa
d or
por
t.
Sit
e -
1 (A
rea
appr
ox. 8
00
Acr
es)
in A
PS
EZ
land
loca
ted
in R
atad
iya.
Gun
dala
&
Mok
a vi
llage
s.
Sit
e -
2 (A
rea
appr
ox. 6
34 A
cres
) in
Vill
age
Sir
acha
and
Nav
inal
(N
orth
Eas
t &
E
ast
of e
xist
ing
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt)
Sit
e -
3 (A
rea
appr
ox.
120
0 A
cres
) in
AP
SE
Z no
tifi
ed S
EZ
lan
d lo
cate
d in
M
undr
a v
illag
e.
Loca
tion
of
cons
ider
ed s
ites
is s
how
n be
low
:-
Feasibility Report
125 Copper Refinery Project
Figure 63: Alternate Sites Evaluated for Copper Refinery Project
Site 2
Site 1
Site 3
UMPP – TATA Power Plant
Adani Power Plant
Adani West Port for RM Handling
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
126
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
6.3
.1.
REQ
UIR
EMEN
TS F
OR
CO
PP
ER R
EFIN
ERY
PLA
NT
SITE
Follo
win
g ar
e th
e re
quir
emen
ts w
hich
sho
uld
be f
ulfi
lled
by t
he s
elec
ted
site
fo
r th
e pr
opos
ed C
oppe
r S
mel
ter,
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt,
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y,
Con
tinu
ous
Cas
t C
oppe
r W
ire
Rod
Pla
nt,
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt,
Alu
min
um F
luor
ide
Pla
nt, e
tc.
a.La
nd
The
tota
l ar
ea w
ithi
n th
e pl
ant
boun
dary
req
uire
d fo
r th
e in
stal
lati
on o
f ab
ove
faci
litie
s w
ith
nece
ssar
y au
xilia
ry a
nd s
ervi
ces
unit
s an
d co
nsid
erin
g a
smoo
th o
pera
tion
al f
low
will
be
App
rox.
60
0 a
cres
.
b.W
ater
A C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
plan
t in
gen
eral
con
sum
es c
onsi
dera
ble
quan
tity
of
wat
er,
bulk
of
whi
ch i
s re
quir
ed f
or c
oolin
g pu
rpos
es a
nd t
he r
est
is u
tiliz
ed f
or
proc
ess
need
s, d
rink
ing,
san
itar
y an
d fi
re f
ight
ing
pur
pose
. In
orde
r to
red
uce
the
requ
irem
ent
of f
resh
wat
er, c
ircu
lati
on s
yste
m h
as b
een
cons
ider
ed.
In
this
sys
tem
, the
ret
urn
wat
er f
rom
var
ious
uni
ts o
f pl
ant
will
be
reus
ed a
fter
ne
cess
ary
cool
ing/
trea
tmen
t.
Fres
h m
ake
up
wat
er
will
be
ad
ded
to
com
pens
ate
for
loss
es in
re-
circ
ulat
ion
syst
em.
Tota
l Wat
er R
equi
rem
ent
for
each
pha
se o
f 5L
TPA
will
be
~16
,40
0 m
3 /Day
,
c.P
ower
The
plan
t an
d eq
uipm
ent
of a
cop
per
plan
t ar
e re
quir
ed t
o ru
n ro
und
the
cloc
k an
d an
y un
-pla
nned
inte
rrup
tion
in t
he o
pera
tion
not
onl
y ha
mpe
rs t
he
prod
ucti
on b
ut c
ause
s da
mag
e to
equ
ipm
ent
also
.
Tota
l Pow
er R
equi
rem
ent
for
each
ph
ase
of 5
LTP
A w
ill b
e ~
150
MW
. Par
t of
th
e po
wer
~20
MW
will
be
gene
rate
d fr
om t
he v
ario
us W
aste
Hea
t R
ecov
ery
base
d po
wer
pla
nt a
nd r
est
will
be
sour
ced
from
AP
SE
Z th
roug
h M
undr
a U
tilit
y P
vt. L
imit
ed (
disc
om)/
Gri
d.
Raw
Mat
eria
l
In e
ach
phas
e, a
bout
25
LTP
A o
f ra
w m
ater
ial w
ill b
e re
quir
ed t
o pr
oduc
e of
5
LTP
A o
f C
oppe
r C
atho
de a
s fi
nish
ed p
rodu
ct a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d P
hosp
hori
c A
cid.
The
ann
ual
maj
or r
aw m
ater
ial
requ
ires
for
pro
duct
ion
of c
oppe
r ar
e gi
ven
belo
w:
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
127
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Figu
re 6
4: A
nnua
l maj
or ra
w m
ater
ial r
equi
res f
or p
rodu
ctio
n of
cop
per
The
indi
cati
ve
sour
ces
have
be
en
take
n fo
r th
e pr
esen
t an
alys
is
for
com
pari
son
of v
ario
us
site
s.
d.R
oad
For
rece
ipt
of o
ther
raw
mat
eria
ls a
t pl
ant
site
and
dis
patc
hes
of v
ario
us
prod
ucts
and
byp
rodu
cts
from
sit
e, t
he r
egio
n sh
ould
be
wel
l co
nnec
ted
by
road
s.
e.P
ort
Sit
e sh
ould
be
w
ell
conn
ecte
d to
th
e w
est
port
fo
r re
ceip
t of
C
oppe
r C
once
ntra
te &
Roc
k P
hosp
hate
and
for
dis
patc
h of
fin
ishe
d pr
oduc
ts t
o ov
erse
as m
arke
t. T
his
will
ens
ure
low
er t
rans
port
atio
n co
sts.
6.3
.2.
CR
ITER
IA F
OR
SIT
E S
ELE
CTI
ON
Maj
or f
acto
rs,
cons
ider
ed i
n se
lect
ion
of s
ite
for
loca
ting
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y,
are
stat
ed b
elow
:
�A
way
fro
m e
nvir
onm
enta
lly s
ensi
tive
are
as
�A
vaila
bilit
y of
ade
quat
e la
nd w
ith
favo
rabl
e te
rrai
n an
d so
il co
ndit
ion
�
Ava
ilabi
lity
of in
fras
truc
tura
l fac
iliti
es v
iz. p
ower
, wat
er, r
oad
and
port
fa
cilit
ies.
�P
roxi
mit
y to
the
por
t fo
r tr
ansp
orta
tion
of
copp
er c
once
ntra
te a
nd a
s w
ell a
s to
exp
ort
fini
shed
pro
duct
.
Sl.
No.
Des
crip
tion
UO
MP
hase
# 1
Pha
se #
2S
ourc
e
AR
aw M
ater
ial
1C
oppe
r C
once
ntra
teTP
A16
,00
,00
0
16
,00
,00
0
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
2Si
lica
TPA
1,6
0,0
00
1,
60
,00
0
Loca
l
3Li
me
Ston
eTP
A4
0,0
00
40
,00
0
Lo
cal
4Q
uart
zTP
A72
,00
0
72
,00
0
Lo
cal
5Q
uick
Lim
eTP
A30
,00
0
30
,00
0
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
6C
oppe
r Sc
rap
TPA
1,0
0,0
00
1,
00
,00
0
Loca
l & Im
port
7R
ock
Pho
spha
teTP
A8
,75,
00
0
8,7
5,0
00
Lo
cal &
Impo
rt
8A
lum
ina
Hyd
rate
TPA
18,7
50
18,7
50
Loca
l
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
128
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
�S
ite
slop
e an
d dr
aina
ge p
atte
rn
Kee
ping
the
abo
ve f
acili
ties
in v
iew
, an
att
empt
is m
ade
to s
elec
t a
suit
able
si
te w
hich
mee
ts t
he a
bove
req
uire
men
ts a
nd a
lso
resu
lts
in o
ptim
izat
ion
of
not
only
the
init
ial i
nves
tmen
t co
st b
ut a
lso
the
oper
atin
g co
sts.
6.3
.3.
DES
CR
IPTI
ON
OF
ALL
TH
E C
ON
SID
ERED
SIT
ES
Sit
e –
I (In
Gun
dala
& M
okha
vill
ages
)
i.Lo
cati
on
The
prop
osed
sit
e is
loc
ated
at
a di
stan
ce o
f 24
Km
eas
t o
f M
undr
a P
ort
in
Talu
k M
undr
a. T
he s
ea is
at
a di
stan
ce o
f ap
prox
8.0
Km
fro
m s
ite.
ii.La
nd &
Ter
rain
A
ppro
x 8
00
acr
es o
f S
EZ
land
is
avai
labl
e fo
r th
e pr
opos
ed p
roje
ct.
In t
he
iden
tifi
ed l
ocat
ion
appr
ox.
20%
of
land
are
und
er p
roce
ss o
f ac
quis
itio
n re
st
land
is a
vaila
ble
wit
h A
PS
EZ
for
the
proj
ect
deve
lopm
ent.
The
ter
rain
is f
lat
and
av
erag
e el
evat
ion
of t
he s
ite
is 8
.5 m
as
com
pare
d to
hig
h ti
de le
vel o
f 6
.5 m
.
iii.
Roa
d E
xist
ing
Nat
iona
l H
ighw
ay n
o. 8
A e
xt.
pas
sing
nor
th o
f th
e id
enti
fied
sit
e co
nnec
ting
Mun
dra
/Man
dvi i
s ab
out
12 K
m f
rom
the
sit
e. S
tate
Hig
hway
no.
6
is r
unni
ng a
t so
uthe
rn s
ide
of t
he i
dent
ifie
d lo
cati
on w
hich
is
at a
ppro
x di
stan
ce o
f 4
km
fro
m t
he s
ite.
The
sit
e is
con
nect
ed t
hrou
gh e
xist
ing
NH
-8A
ex
t. a
t no
rth
.
iv.
Wat
er
The
Req
uire
men
t of
des
alin
ated
Wat
er f
or t
he p
lant
has
bee
n es
tim
ated
as
32,8
00
M3/
Day
. M/s
. AP
SE
ZL w
ill b
e su
pply
ing
the
tota
l wat
er r
equi
rem
ent
for
the
plan
t.
v.
Pow
er
The
requ
irem
ent
of
pow
er
will
be
ab
out
300
M
W.
To
mee
t th
e ab
ove
requ
irem
ent
the
pow
er
will
be
m
ade
avai
labl
e th
roug
h st
ate
govt
po
wer
di
stri
buti
on a
genc
y i.e
. fr
om P
GV
CL
from
exi
stin
g m
okha
sub
sta
tion
loc
ated
5.
0 k
m d
ista
nce
from
the
pro
pose
d si
te
vi.
Por
t A
PS
EZ
Mun
dra
port
fac
iliti
es a
re l
ocat
ed a
t ap
prox
. 25
km
dis
tanc
es a
nd
Rec
eipt
of
copp
er c
once
ntra
te w
ill b
e at
Mun
dra
Por
t (W
est
basi
n) a
nd t
rans
fer
thro
ugh
by r
oad
whi
ch is
app
rox.
40
km
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
129
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Sit
e –
II (E
ast
Side
of
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt)
i.Lo
cati
on
The
prop
osed
sit
e is
loc
ated
at
a di
stan
ce o
f 15
Km
fro
m M
undr
a To
wn
betw
een
villa
ge S
irac
ha a
nd N
avin
al.
The
sea
is a
t a
dist
ance
of
appr
ox 9
Km
fr
om s
ite.
ii.
Land
& T
erra
in
App
rox
634
acr
es o
f S
EZ
land
is a
vaila
ble
for
the
prop
osed
pro
ject
. The
ter
rain
is
fla
t an
d el
evat
ion
of t
he s
ite
vari
es f
rom
6.5
m t
o 11
m a
bove
MS
L. T
he s
ite
is
full
of b
ushe
s an
d ju
ngle
wit
h sm
all t
rees
. iii
.R
oad
Exi
stin
g N
atio
nal H
ighw
ay n
o. 8
A c
onne
ctin
g M
undr
a to
Man
dvi i
s ab
out
10 K
m
from
the
sit
e. S
tate
Hig
hway
no.
6 is
run
ning
clo
se t
o th
e si
te.
iv.
Wat
er
The
Req
uire
men
t of
des
alin
ated
Wat
er f
or t
he p
lant
has
bee
n es
tim
ated
as
32,8
00
M3/
Day
. M/s
. AP
SE
ZL w
ill b
e su
pply
ing
the
tota
l wat
er r
equi
rem
ent
for
the
plan
t.
v.P
ower
Th
e re
quir
emen
t of
po
wer
w
ill
be
abou
t 30
0
MW
. To
m
eet
the
abov
e re
quir
emen
t th
e po
wer
will
be
mad
e av
aila
ble
from
40
0 k
V s
wit
ch y
ard
of
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt. D
evel
opm
ent
of b
ay a
nd H
T lin
e of
abo
ut 0
.5 k
m f
rom
bay
to
sit
e w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
as in
fras
truc
ture
fac
iliti
es.
vi.
Por
t R
ecei
pt o
f co
pper
con
cent
rate
will
be
thro
ugh
pipe
con
veyo
r fr
om w
est
port
at
Mun
dra
whi
ch is
abo
ut 1
0.5
Km
fro
m S
ite.
Sit
e III
– (
Nea
r M
undr
a vi
llage
)
i.Lo
cati
on
The
prop
osed
sit
e is
loc
ated
at
a di
stan
ce o
f 7.
5 K
m f
rom
sou
th o
f M
undr
a To
wn
The
sea
is a
djoi
ning
the
pro
pose
d si
te v
ia c
reek
at
sout
h ea
st o
f th
e pr
opos
ed s
ite
ii.La
nd &
Ter
rain
Th
e to
tal
iden
tifi
ed l
and
is n
otif
ied
SE
Z la
nd a
nd a
vaila
ble
for
the
prop
osed
pr
ojec
t. T
he t
erra
in is
fla
t an
d av
erag
e el
evat
ion
of t
he s
ite
is +
7.5
mt
CD
. Due
to
clo
sene
ss o
f se
a m
ajor
ity
of a
rea
appr
ox. 6
5% o
f la
nd a
re f
all u
nder
CR
Z ar
ea.
iii
.R
oad
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
130
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
The
prop
osed
sit
e ac
cess
ible
thr
ough
exi
stin
g S
tate
Hig
hway
at
wes
t, w
hich
fu
rthe
r co
nnec
ting
Mun
dra
is a
bout
7.5
Km
fro
m t
he s
ite.
iv
.W
ater
Th
e R
equi
rem
ent
of d
esal
inat
ed W
ater
for
the
pla
nt h
as b
een
esti
mat
ed a
s 32
,80
0 M
3/D
ay. M
/s. A
PS
EZL
will
be
supp
lyin
g th
e to
tal w
ater
req
uire
men
t fo
r th
e pl
ant.
v.P
ower
Th
e re
quir
emen
t of
po
wer
w
ill
be
abou
t 30
0
MW
. To
m
eet
the
abov
e re
quir
emen
t th
e po
wer
will
be
mad
e av
aila
ble
from
40
0 k
V s
wit
ch y
ard
of
Ada
ni P
ower
Pla
nt. D
evel
opm
ent
of b
ay a
nd H
T lin
e of
abo
ut 2
0
km f
rom
bay
to
sit
e w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
as in
fras
truc
ture
fac
iliti
es.
vi.
Por
t R
ecei
pt
of
copp
er
conc
entr
ate
will
be
th
roug
h pi
pe
conv
eyor
fr
om
wes
t po
rt/S
outh
por
t a
t M
undr
a w
hich
fur
ther
tra
nsfe
r by
roa
d is
abo
ut 3
0 K
m f
rom
S
ite.
6.4
.SI
TE A
NA
LYSI
S
6.4
.1.
SA
LIEN
T FE
ATU
RES
OF
SIT
ES S
ELEC
TED
FO
R D
ETA
ILED
AN
ALY
SIS
In o
rder
to
sele
ct t
he b
est
site
out
of
the
two
site
s co
nsi
dere
d fo
r fu
rthe
r an
alys
is, i
t is
nec
essa
ry t
o ca
rry
out
quan
tita
tive
/qua
litat
ive
com
pari
son
of a
ll th
e re
leva
nt f
acto
rs in
flue
ncin
g th
e se
lect
ion
of o
ne s
ite
over
oth
er. T
he s
alie
nt
feat
ures
of
two
site
s ar
e de
pict
ed b
elow
Tabl
e 29
: Site
Eva
luat
ion
for C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Sl.
Des
crip
tion
S
ite-
1 S
ite-
II S
ite-
III
1.
Loca
tion
24
km
s ea
st o
f M
undr
a, G
ujar
at
15 k
ms
wes
t of
M
undr
a, G
ujar
at
7.5
kms
sout
h o
f M
undr
a, G
ujar
at
2.
Lati
tude
–
Long
itud
e (A
vera
ge C
ente
r of
Plo
t)
22°5
4'5
3.6
3"N
6
9°4
7'4
6.8
1"E
22
°48
'55.
78"N
6
9°3
4'3
2.0
2"E
22
°46
'43.
82"
N
69
°42'
56.4
2"E
3.
Terr
ain
Flat
Fl
at a
nd s
lopi
ng
sout
h ea
st t
o no
rth
wes
t
Flat
4.
Ave
rage
el
evat
ion
from
M
SL
12- 1
5 m
abo
ve
MS
L 6
.5- 1
1 m
abo
ve
MS
L 7.
5-8
.5 m
abo
ve
MS
L
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
131
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
5.
Land
A
vaila
bilit
y 8
00
acr
es
634
acr
es
120
0 a
cres
6.
Land
de
velo
pmen
t re
quir
emen
t
Bus
hes/
jung
le
clea
ranc
e
Bus
hes/
jung
le
clea
ranc
e re
quir
ed
Flat
vac
ant
land
N
o la
nd
deve
lopm
ent
7.
Dis
tanc
e fr
om
near
est
Nat
iona
l H
ighw
ay n
o.
8A
adjo
inin
g at
no
rth
5 km
18
km
8.
Dis
tanc
e fr
om
near
est
Sta
te
Hig
hway
No.
6
/ ne
ares
t A
PS
EZ
road
8 k
m
Clo
se t
o si
te
Adj
oini
ng a
t w
est
9.
App
roac
h R
oad
requ
irem
ent
Wid
enin
g of
ex
isti
ng r
oad
Wid
enin
g of
ex
isti
ng r
oad
Nil
10.
Dis
tanc
e fr
om
Pow
er S
ourc
e
Mok
ha S
un
Sta
tion
abo
ut 5
km
AP
L S
wit
ch Y
ard
at a
bout
0.5
km
fr
om s
ite
AP
L S
wit
ch Y
ard
at
abou
t 20
km
fro
m
site
11.
Dis
tanc
e fr
om
Wat
er S
ourc
e
Wat
er w
ill b
e su
pplie
d by
M/s
. M
UP
L
Wat
er w
ill b
e su
pplie
d by
M/s
. M
UP
L
Wat
er w
ill b
e su
pplie
d by
M/s
. M
UP
L
12.
Dis
tanc
e fr
om
Wes
t P
ort
40
km
10
km
30
km
13.
Riv
er/
Str
eam
s/
Nal
lahs
Var
ious
Str
eam
s pa
ssin
g be
twee
n th
e si
te
Nat
ural
Ste
am
pass
ing
thro
ugh
the
site
N
il
14.
Man
grov
es
Not
App
licab
le
Not
App
licab
le
Not
App
licab
le
15.
Fish
Lan
ding
C
ente
rs
Not
App
licab
le
Not
App
licab
le
Not
App
licab
le
16.
Fore
st
Nil
Par
t of
land
ap
prox
. 253
acr
es
are
App
lied
fore
st
land
, pro
pose
d fo
r di
vers
ion
Nil
17.
Ero
sion
Pro
ne
NO
N
O
Yes
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
132
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
6.4
.2.
MER
ITS
& D
EMER
ITS
Site
-I (L
ocat
ed in
Gun
dala
& M
okha
vill
age)
Site
is
clos
e to
exi
stin
g N
H-8
A e
xt a
nd S
H-6
is
clos
e to
sit
e. D
ista
nce
from
w
ater
and
pow
er s
ourc
e is
les
s co
mpa
red
to o
ther
ide
ntif
ied
site
. R
aw
mat
eria
l tra
nspo
rtat
ion
dist
ance
is m
ore
as c
ompa
red
to o
ther
iden
tifi
ed s
ite
La
nd i
s hi
gh a
nd t
erra
in i
s fl
at.
Bus
hes/
jung
le c
lear
ance
and
tre
e cu
ttin
g is
in
volv
ed f
or s
etti
ng u
p th
e pl
ant.
Site
-II (E
ast
of A
PL)
Site
is a
djac
ent
to e
xist
ing
AP
L an
d SH
-6 is
clo
se t
o si
te. D
ista
nce
of p
ower
an
d w
ater
sou
rces
is
less
as
com
pare
d to
Sit
e -II
I an
d IV
. R
aw m
ater
ial
tran
spor
tati
on
dist
ance
is
m
ore
as
com
pare
d to
Si
te-II
I. B
ushe
s/ju
ngle
cl
eara
nce
and
tree
cut
ting
is
invo
lved
for
set
ting
up
the
plan
t. L
and
is h
igh
and
terr
ain
is f
lat.
Sit
e ha
s w
eigh
tage
in r
espe
ct o
f w
ater
, pow
er s
ourc
e an
d ap
proa
ch r
oad
but
disa
dvan
tage
in r
aw m
ater
ial t
rans
port
atio
n fr
om p
ort.
Site
-III (
Nea
r M
undr
a V
illag
e )
Site
is a
ppro
x. 3
0 k
m d
ista
nce
from
the
wes
t po
rt a
nd la
nd is
fla
t. D
ista
nce
of
wat
er a
nd p
ower
sou
rces
are
mor
e as
com
pare
d to
oth
er id
enti
fied
sit
e .
6.4
.3.
SIT
E R
AN
KIN
G
The
rank
ing
wor
ked
out
for
feat
ures
for
the
pro
pose
d si
tes
have
bee
n gi
ven
in
the
Tabl
e be
low
Tabl
e 30
: Cop
per R
efin
ery
Site
Ran
king
Item
Ran
king
Sit
e-I
Sit
e-II
Sit
e-III
Roa
d A
ppro
ach
3 2
1
Land
ter
rain
2
1 3
area
s
18.
Soc
ial a
nd
R&
R Is
sues
N
ot A
pplic
able
N
ot A
pplic
able
N
ot A
pplic
able
19.
Rec
omm
enda
tio
ns
Not
Sui
tabl
e M
ost
Suit
able
N
ot S
uita
ble
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
133
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Item
Ran
king
Sit
e-I
Sit
e-II
Sit
e-III
Land
dev
elop
men
t 3
2 1
Wat
er S
ourc
e 2
1 3
Pow
er S
ourc
e 2
1 3
Raw
mat
eria
l tra
nspo
rtat
ion
2 1
3
Ran
k 2
1 3
6.5
.C
ON
CLU
SIO
N/R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
The
fact
s pr
esen
ted
in p
rece
ding
par
agra
phs
man
date
tha
t Si
te-II
in S
irac
ha &
N
avin
al V
illag
e ad
jace
nt t
o ex
isti
ng A
PL
emer
ges
as t
echn
ical
ly s
uper
ior
site
su
ch a
s av
aila
bilit
y &
clo
sene
ss o
f w
ater
and
pow
er s
ourc
e, la
nd d
evel
opm
ent,
cl
osen
ess
to R
oad
and
Rai
l, et
c. I
t is
sub
stan
tial
ly a
dvan
tage
ous
in t
erm
s of
en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd t
echn
ical
cri
teri
a.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
134
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
-7: P
LAN
NIN
G B
RIE
F
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
135
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
– 7
Pla
nnin
g B
rief
7.1.
PLA
NN
ING
CO
NC
EPT
The
prop
osed
Cop
per
Pla
nt C
ompl
ex o
f A
dani
Ent
erpr
ises
Lim
ited
(A
EL)
wou
ld
requ
ire
a to
tal l
and
area
of
634
Acr
es (
~ 2
56H
ecta
res)
. The
det
ail B
reak
-up
of
land
req
uire
d fo
r va
riou
s fa
cilit
ies
of C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
is
encl
osed
as
Ann
exur
e - V
III.
The
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex w
ill r
equi
re a
bove
are
a fo
r C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
plan
t &
re
late
d fa
cilit
ies,
G
reen
B
elt
Are
a as
w
ell
as
com
mon
in
fras
truc
ture
re
quir
emen
t to
sup
port
the
Wor
ld C
lass
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex.
Land
req
uire
d fo
r co
rrid
ors
for
Pow
er/R
oad/
Raw
Mat
eria
l C
onve
yor
from
por
t is
not
incl
uded
in t
he a
bove
are
a.
Ann
exur
e –
VII,
sho
ws
Plo
t P
lan
of t
he t
ypic
al C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Com
plex
and
as
soci
ated
fac
iliti
es.
This
Are
a is
bas
ed o
n a
prel
imin
ary
plot
pla
n w
hich
has
be
en d
evel
oped
tak
ing
into
acc
ount
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y fa
cilit
y pr
oces
s, t
he
site
inf
rast
ruct
ure
requ
irem
ents
and
ext
erna
l in
terf
aces
. Th
e un
it b
lock
siz
es
and
spac
ing
on
this
P
lot
Pla
n ar
e ba
sed
on
prev
ious
ly
deve
lope
d an
d en
gine
ered
pla
nt la
yout
s.
7.2.
LAN
D J
UST
IFIC
ATI
ON
OF
CO
PP
ER R
EFIN
ERY
PLA
NT
CO
MP
LEX
:
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
lant
Com
plex
:
�C
oppe
r P
lant
Com
plex
wou
ld c
ompr
ise
of L
and
for
follo
win
g U
nits
:-
�R
aw M
ater
ial S
tora
ge a
nd B
lend
ing
Sys
tem
�
Mai
n S
mel
ting
Pla
nt
�O
xyge
n (I
ndus
tria
l) P
lant
�
Pol
luti
on C
ontr
ol E
quip
men
t &
Sys
tem
s �
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt
�E
fflu
ent
Trea
tmen
t P
lant
�
Rev
erse
Osm
osis
pla
nt &
Mul
ti E
ffec
t E
vapo
rato
r �
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Ta
nk
Hou
se
�M
inor
Met
al R
ecov
ery
Pla
nt
�P
reci
ous
Met
al R
ecov
ery
Pla
nt
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
136
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
�C
onti
nuou
s C
ast
Cop
per
Rod
Pla
nt
�P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt
�A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e P
lant
The
abov
e fa
cilit
ies
wou
ld r
equi
re la
nd
arou
nd 1
67
Acr
es.
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y In
fras
truc
ture
:-
Bas
ed o
n pr
elim
inar
y es
tim
ates
, the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y In
fras
truc
ture
wou
ld r
equi
re
an a
ddit
ion
al ~
14
6 A
cres
of
land
whi
ch in
clud
es f
acili
ties
like
�Fu
el O
il an
d LP
G S
tora
ge
�P
ipel
ines
/ P
ipe
Rac
ks/
Tren
ches
, Cab
le T
rays
�
Roa
d/D
rain
age
�Lo
gist
ical
ar
ea
requ
irem
ents
, e.
g.
Truc
k lo
adin
g an
d un
load
ing
area
, D
ispa
tch
Sec
tion
and
cor
rido
rs f
or c
oal a
nd
prod
uct
tran
spor
tati
on.
�N
on-P
lant
B
uild
ing
(Wor
ksho
p,
Labo
rato
ries
, A
dmin
B
uild
ings
, Tr
aini
ng
Blo
ck, S
ecur
ity
Roo
m, S
ite
Off
ices
, Can
teen
s O
HC
etc
.)
�G
ener
al S
tore
s/W
areh
ouse
s �
Wei
gh B
ridg
es
�C
onst
ruct
ion
lay
dow
n A
rea
�
Buf
fer
Zone
�
Fabr
icat
ion
Yar
ds
�G
ate
Hou
se/
Tim
e O
ffic
e �
Fire
& S
afet
y D
epar
tmen
t et
c.
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y To
wns
hip:
-
�N
o se
para
te T
owns
hip
has
been
pla
nned
for
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex. T
he
hous
e fo
r O
&M
per
sonn
el w
ould
be
prov
ided
at
Ada
ni’s
exi
stin
g to
wns
hip
by
augm
enti
ng
the
tow
nshi
p,
wh
ich
is
arou
nd
30
km
away
fr
om
the
prop
osed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex.
GR
EEN
BEL
T:-
Out
of
the
enti
re a
rea
of p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex, 3
3% o
f to
tal
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex
area
w
hic
h is
ar
ound
20
9
Acr
es
of
land
is
re
serv
ed f
or G
reen
Bel
t de
velo
pmen
t as
per
pre
vaili
ng g
uide
lines
fro
m
GS
PC
B/C
PC
B/M
OE
& F
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
137
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
7.3.
LAN
D U
SE P
LAN
:
The
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex w
ill r
equi
re p
lot
area
s fo
r th
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
and
rela
ted
com
mon
fac
iliti
es.
The
prop
osed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex o
f A
dani
Ent
erpr
ises
Ltd
. w
ould
req
uire
a t
otal
lan
d ar
ea o
f 6
34A
cres
( ~
256
H
ecta
res)
. A
lso,
th
e de
taile
d La
nd
Bre
ak-u
p of
en
tire
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
Pha
se-I
and
Pha
se-I
I is
atta
ched
as
Ann
exur
e - V
III.
7.4
.C
OP
PER
REF
INER
Y IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E R
EQU
IREM
ENTS
:
The
anal
ysis
of
infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
is a
n im
port
ant
step
in a
ny p
roje
ct. T
he
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y ve
ntur
e op
erat
es i
n a
com
plex
env
iron
men
t an
d ne
eds
relia
ble
acce
ss t
o cr
itic
al in
fras
truc
ture
res
ourc
es li
ke P
ow
er, W
ater
as
wel
l as
inf
rast
ruct
ure
linka
ges
like
Roa
d, R
ail,
Por
t an
d A
ir c
onne
ctiv
ity.
The
se
key
infr
astr
uctu
re r
equi
rem
ents
are
ela
bora
ted
belo
w b
ased
on
vari
ous
stud
ies
done
by
vent
ure
so f
ar.
7.4
.1.
PH
YS
ICA
L IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E N
EED
S:
7.4
.1.1
. Wat
er:
The
Req
uire
men
t W
ater
fo
r th
e pl
ant
has
been
es
tim
ated
as
32
,80
0
M3/
Day
for
Pha
se-I
of
500
KTP
A C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
and
Ph
ase-
II of
50
0 K
TPA
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
in t
otal
. M
/s.
Ada
ni P
orts
& S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zon
e Lt
d
(AP
SE
ZL)
will
be
supp
lyin
g th
e to
tal w
ater
req
uire
men
t fo
r th
e pl
ant.
An
inte
grat
ed w
ater
sys
tem
is
prop
osed
whe
re e
fflu
ent
from
the
pro
cess
un
its
is t
reat
ed a
nd r
euse
d to
red
uce
wat
er d
eman
d. I
t is
als
o pr
opos
ed t
o in
stal
l a s
econ
dary
RO
Pla
nt t
o fu
rthe
r tr
eat
wat
er f
rom
the
Eff
luen
t P
lant
Fa
cilit
y fo
r ef
fect
ive
use
and
wat
er b
alan
ce w
ith
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex.
Wat
er d
eman
d is
mad
e up
of
the
follo
win
g:
�W
ater
for
Pro
duct
pur
pose
like
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
and
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d
�M
ake-
up lo
sses
for
Cop
per
Sla
g G
ranu
lati
on p
repa
rati
on
�M
ake
up L
osse
s in
The
Coo
ling
Tow
ers
and
Hea
t E
xcha
nger
s/
Cir
cuit
s �
Ste
am lo
sses
fro
m t
he
stea
m a
nd p
ower
sys
tem
s �
Ste
am c
onsu
med
dir
ectl
y in
the
pro
cess
, et
c
7.4
.1.2
. Pow
er
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
138
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Pow
er r
equi
rem
ent
@30
0 M
W f
or P
hase
-I o
f 50
0 K
TPA
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y an
d P
hase
-II
of 5
00
KTP
A C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
in t
otal
and
wou
ld b
e so
urce
d fr
om M
/s. A
dani
Por
ts &
Spe
cial
Eco
nom
ic Z
one
Ltd
(A
PS
EZL
) th
roug
h M
/s.
MU
PL.
Pow
er is
dis
trib
uted
wit
hin
the
plan
t at
3 p
hase
, 11
kV a
nd 5
0 H
z vi
a a
num
ber
of u
nit
subs
tati
ons.
The
AP
L’s
pow
er p
lant
is a
roun
d 1
kms
away
fr
om t
he p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y si
te. S
team
Tur
bine
of
capa
city
50
MW
is
en
visa
ged
wh
ich
will
pa
rtia
lly
mee
t po
wer
re
quir
emen
ts
of
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y fa
cilit
y.
The
cons
truc
tion
pow
er n
eed
of a
roun
d 10
~12
MW
wou
ld b
e so
urce
d fr
om
the
Gri
d/ M
/s. A
dani
Por
ts &
Spe
cial
Eco
nom
ic Z
one
Ltd
(A
PS
EZL
).
7.4
.1.3
. Roa
d Li
nkag
e
The
proj
ect
site
is lo
cate
d ab
out
12 k
m f
rom
Nat
iona
l Hig
hway
– 8
A a
nd 4
km
fro
m S
tate
Hig
hw
ay S
H-6
and
63
km f
rom
the
Adi
pur
/ G
andh
idha
m
railw
ay s
tati
on.
Hen
ce,
tran
spor
tati
on o
f m
ater
ials
to
the
proj
ect
site
will
no
t be
a m
ajor
con
stra
int.
Furt
her
stud
ies
are
plan
ned
on t
hese
spe
cifi
c co
nnec
tion
s an
d ac
cess
ro
utes
to
dete
rmin
e th
e im
pact
of
incr
ease
d tr
affi
c vo
lum
es.
7.4
.1.4
. Rai
l Lin
kage
The
near
est
railw
ay s
tati
ons
to t
he p
ropo
sed
site
are
Adi
pur/
Gan
dhid
ham
w
hich
is 6
3 K
M a
way
fro
m t
he C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
.
The
dist
ance
fro
m e
xist
ing
railw
ay l
ine
of A
PL’
s G
ate
NO
-4 t
o pr
opos
ed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex is
aro
und
1 km
.
7.4
.1.5
. Por
t C
onne
ctiv
ity
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
is I
ndia
’s b
igge
st p
riva
te p
ort.
Loc
ated
in
the
Kut
ch
dist
rict
of
the
stat
e of
Guj
arat
, Mun
dra
lies
on t
he n
orth
sho
res
of t
he G
ulf
of K
utch
abo
ut 5
0 k
ilom
eter
s so
uth
of A
njar
and
44
kilo
met
ers
east
the
P
ort
of M
andv
i.
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
is n
ot o
nly
a pr
ivat
e po
rt,
but
it i
s al
so a
spe
cial
ec
onom
ic z
one.
Inco
rpor
ated
in 1
99
8 a
s G
ujar
at A
dani
Por
t Li
mit
ed (
GA
PL)
, th
e co
mpa
ny b
egan
ope
rati
ng in
20
01.
The
Mun
dra
Spe
cial
Eco
nom
ic Z
one
was
in
corp
orat
ed
in
200
3 an
d w
as
mer
ged
wit
h G
AP
L in
20
06
. Th
e co
mbi
ned
com
pany
was
ren
amed
“M
undr
a P
ort
and
Spe
cial
Eco
nom
ic Z
one
Lim
ited
” an
d no
w
is
Ada
ni
Por
ts
&
Spe
cial
E
cono
mic
Zo
ne
Lim
ited
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
139
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
(AP
SE
ZL).
It is
Ind
ia’s
fir
st m
ulti
-pro
duct
por
t-ba
sed
spec
ial e
cono
mic
zon
e (S
EZ)
.
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
and
SE
Z ho
pes
to b
e a
glob
al p
laye
r an
d pr
efer
red
part
ner
that
pur
sues
inno
vati
on in
bus
ines
s, t
echn
olog
ical
, and
com
mer
cial
ar
eas.
It
stri
ves
to a
dd v
alue
to
part
ners
’ ac
tivi
ties
and
eff
orts
whi
le a
lso
redu
cing
its
im
pact
on
the
envi
ronm
ent.
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
and
SE
Z is
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r ac
quir
ing,
dev
elop
ing,
and
man
agin
g kn
owle
dge
to b
ecom
e ex
pert
s in
the
fie
ld a
nd t
o ap
ply
that
kno
wle
dge
acro
ss t
heir
ran
ge o
f bu
sine
ss i
nter
ests
. A
s a
priv
ate
port
, th
e P
ort
of M
undr
a al
so s
eeks
to
ensu
re t
angi
ble
and
inta
ngib
le p
rofi
ts.
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
offe
rs 2
1 cl
osed
doc
ksid
e w
areh
ouse
s (g
o-do
wns
) w
ith
capa
city
fo
r 13
7 th
ousa
nd
squa
re
met
ers
to
stor
e w
heat
, su
gar,
rice
, fe
rtili
zer
and
fert
ilize
r ra
w m
ater
ials
, an
d de
oile
d ca
kes.
The
por
t of
fers
8
80
tho
usan
d sq
uare
met
ers
of o
pen
stor
age
for
stee
l sh
eets
, coi
ls, p
late
, cl
inke
r, sc
rap,
sal
t, c
oke,
ben
toni
te,
and
coal
. A
n ad
diti
onal
26
tho
usan
d sq
uare
met
ers
of o
pen
stor
age
is a
vaila
ble
alon
gsid
e th
e ra
ilway
. Th
e po
rt
also
off
ers
a w
heat
-cle
anin
g fa
cilit
y w
ith
capa
city
to
hand
le 1
200
met
ric
tons
per
day
and
a r
ice-
sort
ing
and
–gra
ding
fac
ility
tha
t ca
n h
andl
e 50
0
met
ric
tons
per
day
.
The
Por
t of
Mun
dra
is p
lann
ing
seve
ral a
ddit
ions
and
impr
ovem
ents
. A n
ew
term
inal
sit
e is
pro
pose
d to
be
loca
ted
abou
t te
n na
utic
al m
iles
wes
t of
the
cu
rren
t te
rmin
als
at
the
Por
t of
M
undr
a.
The
term
inal
w
ill
even
tual
ly
cont
ain
thre
e de
ep-w
ater
off
shor
e be
rth
s an
d tw
o se
ts o
f st
acky
ards
for
co
al, i
ron
ore,
and
oth
er d
ry b
ulk
carg
o.
The
tow
n’s
show
piec
e is
the
Por
t of
Mun
dra,
whi
ch h
as t
rans
form
ed t
he
loca
l ec
onom
y an
d at
mos
pher
e. T
he P
ort
of M
undr
a w
as t
he p
lace
in
addi
tion
to
Aba
dasa
and
Lak
hpat
tal
ukas
in K
utch
whi
ch w
ere
not
seri
ousl
y da
mag
ed i
n th
e 20
01
Guj
arat
ear
thqu
ake
that
dev
asta
ted
rest
of
the
dist
rict
.
The
curr
ent
capa
city
of
port
to
hand
le 2
.5 m
TE
U's
is t
o be
exp
ande
d to
5 m
TE
U b
y 20
15, m
akin
g it
Indi
a’s
seco
nd la
rges
t co
ntai
ner
port
.
The
Cop
per
Con
cent
rate
and
Roc
k P
hosp
hate
wou
ld b
e im
port
ed t
hrou
gh
Wes
t P
ort
whi
ch is
aro
und
10 k
m a
way
fro
m t
he p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y si
te.
7.4
.1.6
. Air
Con
nect
ivit
y
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
140
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
The
prop
osed
Mun
dra
site
is
60
km
aw
ay f
rom
Bhu
j A
irpo
rt, 6
5 K
M a
way
fr
om K
andl
a A
irpo
rt a
nd 4
60
km
aw
ay f
rom
th
e ne
ares
t co
mm
erci
al a
irpo
rt,
Ahm
edab
ad.
Ada
ni G
roup
s ow
n A
irst
rip
is a
roun
d 25
km
aw
ay f
rom
the
pr
opos
ed s
ite.
7.4
.2.
SO
CIA
L IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E N
EED
S:
Dev
elop
men
t of
ph
ysic
al
infr
astr
uctu
re
cann
ot
ushe
r in
ov
eral
l de
velo
pmen
t at
th
e de
sire
d le
vel
if
the
soci
al
infr
astr
uctu
re
is
not
sim
ulta
neou
sly
deve
lope
d.
Edu
cati
on,
Hea
lth,
S
ocia
l se
curi
ty,
publ
ic
ente
rtai
nmen
t et
c.
has
to
be
deve
lope
d to
en
sure
pr
oper
so
cial
in
fras
truc
ture
.
7.4
.2.1
. Edu
cati
onal
Init
iati
ves:
�In
fras
truc
tura
l Dev
elop
men
t in
the
for
m o
f sc
hool
bui
ldin
g,
teac
hing
& le
arni
ng e
quip
men
t an
d fu
rnit
ure
& F
ixtu
res
etc.
�
Qua
lity
Teac
her
supp
ort
�
Sch
olar
ship
for
Edu
cati
on E
xcel
lenc
e �
Pro
mot
ion
of
Gir
l Chi
ld E
duca
tion
�
Inco
rpor
atio
n of
Ext
ra C
urri
cula
r ac
tivi
ties
7.4
.2.2
. Hea
lth:
AE
L w
ould
tak
e ca
re o
f al
l the
med
ical
req
uire
men
ts o
f th
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
by
es
tabl
ishi
ng
a ho
spit
al
wit
h qu
alit
y do
ctor
s.
In
addi
tion
di
ffer
ent
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
ms
wou
ld b
e co
nduc
ted
as f
urni
shed
bel
ow.
�A
ddre
ssin
g th
e M
othe
r &
Chi
ld H
ealt
h
�S
uppo
rt t
o th
e N
utri
tion
al P
rogr
am o
f M
othe
r, C
hild
& S
choo
l go
ers.
�
Sup
port
the
Dis
tric
t H
ealt
h ad
min
istr
atio
n in
the
com
mun
ity
he
alth
act
ivit
ies
�
Impr
ovem
ent
of t
own
San
itat
ion
thro
ugh
Sol
id- L
iqui
d W
aste
M
anag
emen
t.
�K
now
ledg
e E
nhan
cem
ent
on P
reve
ntiv
e H
ealt
h C
are.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
141
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
-8: P
RO
PO
SED
INFR
AST
RU
CTU
RE
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
142
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
– 8
Pro
pose
d In
fras
truc
ture
8.1
.IN
DU
STR
IAL
AR
EA (
PR
OC
ESSI
NG
AR
EA):
The
prop
osed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex o
f A
dani
Ent
erpr
ises
Lim
ited
wou
ld
requ
ire
a to
tal
land
are
a of
634
Acr
es (
~25
6 H
ecta
res)
. Th
is a
rea
is b
ased
on
a p
lot
plan
of
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex a
s A
nnex
ure
- VII
whi
ch h
as b
een
de
velo
ped
taki
ng in
to a
ccou
nt t
he C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
faci
lity
proc
ess,
the
sit
e in
fras
truc
ture
req
uire
men
t an
d ex
tern
al i
nter
face
s. T
hese
are
as w
ill b
e fi
rmed
up
wit
h on
goin
g en
gine
erin
g st
udie
s to
sui
t th
e fa
cilit
y’s
oper
atin
g co
ndit
ions
, co
nstr
ucti
on
and
mai
nten
ance
ph
iloso
phie
s an
d st
orag
e re
quir
emen
ts.
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
lan
t ar
ea o
f ar
ound
14
6 A
cres
(~
73 a
cres
for
eac
h ph
ase)
of
land
wou
ld c
ompr
ise
of f
acili
ties
for
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r P
lant
, Oxy
gen
Pla
nt,
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt,
Scr
ubbe
r U
nits
, C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
tank
hou
se,
CC
R
Pla
nt.
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
rec
over
y P
lant
, P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
Pla
nt,
Alu
min
um
Fluo
ride
pla
nt, E
fflu
ent
trea
tmen
t P
lant
, Uti
litie
s st
orag
e of
Wat
er a
nd F
uel,
etc.
Th
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt I
nfra
stru
ctur
e w
ould
req
uire
aro
und
146
Acr
es
(~6
7 ac
res
for
phas
e-1
& ~
79 a
cres
for
pha
se-I
I) o
f la
nd w
hich
inc
lude
s fa
cilit
ies
like
Pip
elin
es,
Load
ing/
Unl
oadi
ng,
Roa
d/D
rain
age,
P
ipe
Rac
ks/T
renc
hes
&
Cab
le
Tray
s,
Non
P
lant
B
uild
ings
, La
bora
tori
es,
Fabr
icat
ion
Yar
d,
Dis
patc
h S
ecti
on,
Gen
eral
st
ores
/ W
areh
ouse
, Fi
re
&
Saf
ety
Dep
artm
ent,
Mai
nten
ance
Wor
ksho
p, O
ccup
atio
nal
Hea
lth
Cen
ter
etc.
Th
eref
ore,
the
lan
d co
nsid
ered
for
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
roje
ct I
ndus
tria
l A
rea
(Pro
cess
ing
Uni
ts)
is a
roun
d 29
2 A
cres
(~
140
acr
es f
or p
hase
-1 &
~15
2 ac
res
for
phas
e-II)
.
8.2
.IN
DU
STR
IAL
AR
EA (
NO
N-P
RO
CES
SIN
G A
REA
):
Out
of
the
enti
re a
rea
of p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex, 3
3% o
f to
tal
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex a
rea
wh
ich
is a
roun
d 21
2 A
cres
of
land
is r
eser
ved
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
143
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
for
Gre
en B
elt
deve
lopm
ent
as p
er p
reva
iling
sta
tuto
ry g
uide
lines
fro
m
GS
PC
B/C
PC
B/M
OE
& F
. Th
e La
nd B
reak
-up
for
Non
Pro
cess
ing
Are
a is
tab
ulat
ed in
Bel
ow T
able
:
Land
Bre
ak u
p of
Non
Pro
cess
ing
Uni
ts:
N
on P
roce
ssin
g A
rea
Are
a P
h-I
Are
a P
h-II
AA
G
reen
Bel
t (3
3% o
f to
tal L
and)
12
0
92
AB
S
olid
Was
te S
tora
ge A
rea
83
47
8.3
.SO
CIA
L IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E:
AE
L be
lieve
s th
at a
n ef
fect
ive
grow
th p
olic
y m
ust
also
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt
the
fulf
illm
ent
of b
asic
nee
ds o
f th
e m
asse
s, e
spec
ially
of
thos
e liv
ing
in
rura
l are
as.
AE
L ha
s on
e of
the
bes
t so
cial
infr
astr
uctu
re p
ropo
sals
whi
ch a
re b
ased
on
th
e im
plem
enta
tion
alr
eady
don
e by
AP
SE
Z an
d A
PL
at M
undr
a, in
the
cor
e ar
ea
of
Hea
lth,
E
duca
tion
, S
usta
inab
le
livel
ihoo
d op
tion
s &
w
omen
em
pow
erm
ent,
Com
mun
ity
infr
astr
uctu
re, Y
outh
spo
rt &
cul
tura
l act
ivit
ies,
C
alam
ity
man
agem
ent.
AE
L is
str
ictl
y co
mm
itte
d an
d is
goi
ng t
o im
plem
ent
the
prop
osal
to
uplif
t th
e so
cial
infr
astr
uctu
re s
urro
undi
ngs
the
CTP
are
a.
The
ke
y hi
ghlig
hts
of
som
e in
itia
tive
s &
ac
tivi
ties
to
im
prov
e so
cial
in
fras
truc
ture
tha
t A
EL
is g
oing
to
unde
rtak
e at
Mun
dra
are:
8.3
.1.
SUST
AIN
AB
LE L
IVEL
IHO
OD
OP
TIO
NS
& W
OM
EN
EM
PO
WER
MEN
T:
�S
tren
gthe
ning
th
e C
omm
unit
y B
ased
O
rgan
izat
ions
lik
e S
elf-
Hel
p G
roup
s, F
arm
er F
eder
atio
n et
c.
� C
apac
ity
Bui
ldin
g of
th
e un
derp
rivi
lege
d co
mm
unit
ies
on
vari
ous
mar
ket
driv
en s
kills
�
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
Forw
ard
&
Bac
kwar
d M
arke
t Li
nkag
es
thro
ugh
ne
twor
king
�
Fac
ilita
ting
the
eas
y re
ach
to t
he t
echn
ical
ins
titu
tion
s fo
r kn
owle
dge
up g
rada
tion
. �
Pro
mot
ion
of
lives
tock
hea
lth
man
agem
ent
8
.3.2
.ED
UC
ATI
ON
INIT
IATI
VE
S:
�S
kill
up
grad
atio
n th
roug
h
esta
blis
hmen
t of
Te
chni
cal
Trai
ning
In
stit
utio
n
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
144
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
�In
fras
truc
tura
l D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he f
orm
of
scho
ol b
uild
ing,
tea
chin
g &
le
arni
ng e
quip
men
t an
d fu
rnit
ure
& F
ixtu
res
etc.
�
Qua
lity
Teac
her
supp
ort
�
Sch
olar
ship
for
Edu
cati
on E
xcel
lenc
e �
Pro
mot
ion
of
Gir
l Chi
ld E
duca
tion
�
Inco
rpor
atio
n of
Ext
ra C
urri
cula
r ac
tivi
ties
�
Hol
isti
c ap
proa
ch t
o th
e ed
ucat
ion
thro
ugh
“Yog
a &
Art
Of
Livi
ng”
�
Pro
mot
ion
of
Func
tion
al L
iter
acy
8.3
.3.
HEA
LTH
INIT
IATI
VES
:
�A
ddre
ssin
g th
e M
othe
r &
Chi
ld H
ealt
h
�S
uppo
rt t
o th
e N
utri
tion
al P
rogr
am o
f M
othe
r, C
hild
& S
choo
l goe
rs.
�C
ontr
ol o
n B
lindn
ess,
Mal
aria
, T.B
., H
IV &
AID
S, D
iarr
hea
etc.
�
Sup
port
the
Dis
tric
t H
ealt
h ad
min
istr
atio
n i
n th
e co
mm
unit
y
heal
th
acti
viti
es
�
Impr
ovem
ent
of
Vill
age
San
itat
ion
thro
ugh
Sol
id-
Liqu
id
Was
te
Man
agem
ent.
�
Kno
wle
dge
Enh
ance
men
t on
Pre
vent
ive
Hea
lth
Car
e 8
.3.4
.C
OM
MU
NIT
Y IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
E &
FA
CIL
ITIE
S:
�E
nhan
cem
ent
of G
reen
Cov
erag
e �
Pro
tect
ion
of W
ildlif
e th
roug
h aw
aren
ess
gene
rati
on
�P
rom
otio
n o
f R
enew
al E
nerg
y �
Was
te M
anag
emen
t th
roug
h in
stal
lati
on o
f re
cycl
ing
mea
sure
s 8
.3.5
.N
ATU
RA
L R
ESO
UR
CE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT:
�E
nhan
cem
ent
of G
reen
Cov
erag
e �
Gro
und
Wat
er R
echa
rge
thro
ugh
Wat
er H
arve
stin
g �
Pro
tect
ion
of W
ildlif
e �
Sol
id &
liqu
id W
aste
Man
agem
ent
� P
rom
otio
n of
use
of
Ren
ewal
Sou
rces
of
Ene
rgy
8.3
.6.
YO
UTH
, SP
OR
TS &
CU
LTU
RE:
�P
rom
otio
n o
f br
othe
rhoo
d &
fra
tern
ity
wit
hin
the
villa
ge y
outh
s �
Dev
elop
men
t of
Spo
rts
Act
ivit
ies
�
Nur
turi
ng t
he y
outh
for
par
tici
pati
on a
t D
istr
ict,
sta
te a
nd N
atio
nal l
evel
ev
ents
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
145
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
8.4
.C
ON
NEC
TIV
ITY
:
Bri
ef P
rofi
le o
f K
utch
Dis
tric
t:
Kut
ch d
istr
ict
(als
o sp
elle
d as
Kac
hchh
) is
a D
istr
ict
of G
ujar
at s
tate
in
wes
tern
Ind
ia.
Cov
erin
g an
are
a of
45,
652
km
, it
is
the
larg
est
dist
rict
of
Indi
a.
The
adm
inis
trat
ive
hea
dqua
rter
s is
in
Bh
uj w
hich
is
geog
raph
ical
ly i
n th
e ce
nter
of
dist
rict
. O
ther
mai
n to
wns
are
Gan
dhid
ham
, R
apar
, N
akha
tran
a,
Anj
ar,
Man
dvi,
Mad
hapa
r, M
undr
a an
d bh
acha
u. K
utch
has
96
9 v
illag
es.
Kal
a D
unga
r (B
lack
Hill
) is
the
hig
hest
poi
nt in
Kut
ch a
t 4
58 m
eter
s (1
,50
3 ft
).
Kut
ch i
s vi
rtua
lly a
n is
land
, as
it
is s
urro
unde
d by
the
Ara
bian
Sea
in
the
W
est;
the
Gul
f of
Kut
ch i
n S
outh
and
Sou
th-E
ast
and
Ran
n of
Kut
ch i
n N
orth
and
Nor
th-E
ast.
The
bor
der
wit
h P
akis
tan
lies
alon
g th
e N
orth
ern
edge
of
the
Ran
n o
f K
utch
, of
the
disp
uted
Kor
i Cre
ek. T
he K
utch
pen
insu
la
is a
n ex
ampl
e of
act
ive
fold
and
thr
ust
tect
onis
m.
In C
entr
al K
utch
the
re
are
four
maj
or e
ast-
wes
t hi
ll ra
nges
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y fa
ult
prop
agat
ion
fo
lds
wit
h st
eepl
y di
ppin
g no
rthe
rn l
imbs
and
gen
tly
dipp
ing
sout
hern
lim
bs.
Figu
re 6
5: B
rief P
rofil
e of
Kut
ch D
istric
t
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e 20
11 c
ensu
s K
utch
Dis
tric
t ha
s a
popu
lati
on o
f 2,
09
0,3
13,
roug
hly
equa
l to
the
nat
ion
of M
aced
onia
or
the
US
sta
te o
f N
ew M
exic
o.
This
giv
es i
t a
rank
ing
of 2
17th
in
Indi
a (o
ut o
f a
tota
l of
64
0).
The
dis
tric
t ha
s a
popu
lati
on d
ensi
ty o
f 4
6 i
nhab
itan
ts p
er s
quar
e ki
lom
eter
(12
0 /
sq.
mi)
. It
s po
pula
tion
gro
wth
rat
e ov
er t
he
deca
de 2
00
1-20
11 w
as 3
2.0
3%.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
146
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
Kut
ch h
as a
sex
rat
io o
f 9
07
fem
ales
for
eve
ry 1
00
0 m
ales
, and
a l
iter
acy
rate
of
71.5
8%
.
The
site
is
wel
l co
nnec
ted
by t
he N
atio
nal
/ S
tate
Hig
hway
s, b
road
gau
ge
rail
link
and
is 5
.5 k
m a
way
fro
m t
he M
undr
a W
est
Por
t. T
he n
eare
st a
irpo
rt
is B
huj
Air
port
loc
ated
at
a di
stan
ce o
f 6
0 k
ms
from
the
pro
ject
sit
e. T
he
near
est
railw
ay s
tati
on i
s A
dipu
r/G
andh
idha
m, w
hich
is
abou
t 6
3 km
s fr
om
proj
ect
site
and
nea
rest
tow
n is
Mun
dra
whi
ch i
s ab
out
20 k
ms
from
the
pr
ojec
t si
te. T
he n
atio
nal h
ighw
ay N
H-8
A i
s pa
ssin
g at
abo
ut 1
2 km
s aw
ay
from
the
sit
e. D
ista
nce
from
Sta
te H
ighw
ay S
H-6
is
4 k
ms.
The
sit
e is
wel
l co
nnec
ted
wit
h A
hmed
abad
cit
y lo
cate
d at
abo
ut 4
60
km
s.
8.5
.D
RIN
KIN
G W
ATE
R M
AN
AG
EMEN
T:
Sour
ce o
f W
ater
:
The
Req
uire
men
t W
ater
fo
r th
e pl
ant
has
been
es
tim
ated
as
32
,80
0
M3/
Day
for
Pha
se-I
of
500
KTP
A C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
and
Pha
se-I
I of
500
KTP
A
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y in
tot
al.
M/s
. M
PS
EZ
Uti
lity
Pvt
. Li
mit
ed (
MU
PL)
will
be
supp
lyin
g th
e to
tal w
ater
req
uire
men
t fo
r th
e pl
ant.
8.6
.SE
WA
GE
SYST
EM:
The
gene
rate
d se
wag
e w
ater
wou
ld b
e tr
eate
d in
Sew
age
Trea
tmen
t P
lant
an
d th
e tr
eate
d w
ater
wou
ld b
e ut
ilize
d fo
r H
orti
cult
ure
purp
oses
.
8.7
.IN
DU
STR
IAL
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT:
Ther
e w
ill
not
be
any
sign
ific
ant
gase
ous
emis
sion
s fr
om
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
lant
dur
ing
norm
al o
pera
tion
. O
vera
ll, t
he p
lant
des
ign
min
imiz
es
the
emis
sion
s by
pro
cess
inte
grat
ion
and
was
te h
eat
man
agem
ent.
Th
e In
dust
rial
Was
tes
that
cou
ld b
e ge
nera
ted
from
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
lant
ar
e E
TP C
ake,
Scr
ubbe
r C
ake,
Pho
spho
Gyp
sum
, P
roce
ss W
aste
Wat
er,
etc.
Th
e sa
me
is c
over
ed i
n C
hapt
er 5
of
this
rep
ort.
AE
L ad
opts
ZLD
sys
tem
for
P
roce
ss W
aste
Wat
er. A
RO
pla
nt w
ill b
e in
stal
led
at t
he d
owns
trea
m o
f th
e E
TP, t
o ef
fect
ivel
y re
use
and
recy
cle
the
wat
er. R
O r
ejec
ts f
rom
the
RO
pla
nt
will
be
fed
to M
ulti
Eff
ect
Eva
pora
tor
(ME
E)
to f
urth
er r
ecov
er t
he w
ater
and
re
ject
s fr
om M
EE
will
be
sent
to
secu
red
land
fill.
Bes
ides
, th
e ga
seou
s
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
147
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
emis
sion
s w
ould
be
suit
ably
tre
ated
wit
h la
test
env
iron
men
t te
chno
logi
es
befo
re d
isch
argi
ng in
to
the
atm
osph
ere.
8.7
.1.
AIR
EM
ISSI
ON
S:
The
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y fa
cilit
y w
ould
be
w
ell
equi
pped
to
de
al
wit
h ai
r po
lluta
nt r
egul
atio
ns.
Fugi
tive
em
issi
ons
from
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y pl
ant
will
be
effe
ctiv
ely
colle
cted
an
d sc
rubb
ed
wit
h th
e la
test
en
viro
nmen
tal
tech
nolo
gies
and
will
be
rele
ased
thr
ough
sta
ck,
whi
ch w
ill b
e w
ell
wit
hin
the
perm
issi
ve l
evel
s of
em
issi
on,
as s
tipu
late
d by
Cen
tral
/Sta
te P
ollu
tion
C
ontr
ol B
oard
s, M
inis
try
of E
nvi
ronm
ent
& f
ores
t (M
OE
&F)
.
The
follo
win
g st
eps
wou
ld b
e ta
ken
to r
educ
e ai
r em
issi
ons
wit
h e
xam
ples
of
abat
emen
t te
chno
logi
es:
1.S
ulph
ur D
ioxi
de (
SO
2):
Hig
h E
ffic
ienc
y co
llect
ion
and
scru
bbin
g sy
stem
w
ith
Lim
e an
d C
aust
ic.
2.Fl
uori
ne
(F):
H
igh
Eff
icie
ncy
colle
ctio
n an
d sc
rubb
ing
syst
em
wit
h
wat
er
to
prod
uce
Hyd
ro
Flur
o S
ilici
c A
cid,
w
hich
w
ill
be
inpu
t to
A
lum
inum
flu
orid
e pl
ant.
3.
Par
ticu
late
Mat
ter:
Wet
Scr
ubbe
rs, C
yclo
nes,
Ele
ctro
stat
ic P
reci
pita
tors
, ba
g Fi
lter
s, V
acuu
m T
ruck
s, R
oad
Vac
uum
Sw
eepe
rs, e
tc.;
base
d on
th
e ap
plic
atio
n.
The
fina
l ga
seou
s em
issi
ons
from
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y C
ompl
ex w
ould
be
wel
l wit
hin
the
Per
mis
sibl
e Li
mit
s as
pre
scri
bed
by G
SP
CB
/CP
CB
/MO
E&
F.
8.7
.2.
WA
STE
WA
TER
MA
NA
GEM
EN
T:
The
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y w
aste
wat
er t
reat
men
t sy
stem
con
sist
s of
: �
ETP
/Pro
cess
Was
te W
ater
Tre
atm
ent
Pla
nt.
�S
ewag
e Tr
eatm
ent
Pla
nt
Th
e P
roce
ss W
aste
Wat
er g
ener
ated
fro
m c
oppe
r sm
elte
r sc
rubb
er,
gas
clea
ning
pla
nt o
f S
ulph
uric
aci
d pl
ant,
cop
per
refi
nery
tan
khou
se,
prec
ious
m
etal
rec
over
y pl
ant
will
be
trea
ted
in s
tate
of
art
Eff
luen
t tr
eatm
ent
plan
t th
en r
ecyc
led
for
reus
e w
ithi
n P
lant
Bat
tery
Lim
it.
Th
e P
roce
ss
Was
te
Wat
er
gene
rate
d fr
om
Alu
min
um
fluo
ride
pl
ant
and
Pho
spho
ric
acid
pla
nt
(in
case
of
requ
irem
ent)
will
be
trea
ted
in s
tate
of
art
Eff
luen
t tr
eatm
ent
plan
t th
en r
ecyc
led
for
reus
e w
ithi
n P
lant
Bat
tery
Lim
it.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
148
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
The
site
phi
loso
phy
is t
o m
inim
ize
the
impo
rt o
f ra
w w
ater
by
max
imiz
ing
the
re-u
se o
f tr
eate
d w
aste
wat
er w
ithi
n th
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
faci
lity.
The
was
te
wat
er s
yste
m i
s hi
ghly
int
egra
ted
and
is d
esig
ned
for
Zero
Liq
uid
Dis
char
ge
(ZLD
).
The
gene
rate
d se
wag
e w
aste
wat
er w
ould
be
trea
ted
in S
ewag
e Tr
eatm
ent
Pla
nt a
nd t
he t
reat
ed w
ater
wou
ld b
e us
ed f
or H
orti
cult
ure
purp
oses
.
8.7
.3.
SO
LID
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
EN
T:
Th
e m
ain
sol
id w
aste
fro
m C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pla
nt:
�C
oppe
r sl
ag f
rom
cop
per
smel
ter
also
cal
led
as F
erro
San
d in
Kor
ea
and
Iron
Sili
cate
in E
urop
e.
�P
hosp
hogy
psum
fro
m P
hosp
hori
c A
cid
plan
t an
d
�H
azar
dous
Cak
e pr
oduc
ed f
rom
Eff
luen
t tr
eatm
ent
plan
t
�S
crub
ber
Cak
e fr
om F
ugit
ive
Gas
Han
dlin
g S
crub
bers
Opt
ions
wou
ld b
e ex
plor
ed t
o m
axim
ize
the
utili
zati
on o
f C
oppe
r S
lag
in t
he
follo
win
g ar
eas:
�R
oad/
Em
bank
men
t M
akin
g �
Sea
Sho
re E
mba
nkm
ent
�La
nd d
evel
opm
ent
�S
hot
Bla
stin
g �
Cem
ent
Man
ufac
turi
ng
Opt
ions
wou
ld b
e ex
plor
ed t
o m
axim
ize
the
utili
zati
on o
f P
hosp
hogy
psum
in
the
follo
win
g ar
eas:
�C
emen
t M
anuf
actu
ring
�
Soi
l Rec
tifi
cati
on
�La
nd d
evel
opm
ent
Det
ails
abo
ut t
he s
ame
are
cove
red
in C
hapt
er 2
.
Haz
ardo
us C
ake
and
Scr
ubbe
r C
ake
will
be
stab
ilize
d an
d st
ored
in
secu
red
land
fill
as
per
guid
elin
es o
f M
oEF/
CP
CB
/ G
SP
CB
. A
n ar
ea
of
arou
nd
33
acre
is id
enti
fied
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
149
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
For
the
init
ial
year
s of
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
plan
t op
erat
ion
till
sust
aine
d U
tiliz
atio
n/M
anag
emen
t of
Cop
per
Sla
g an
d P
hosp
hogy
psum
; in
the
abo
ve
appl
icat
ion
area
s ar
e de
velo
ped,
as
w
ell
as
for
emer
genc
y pu
rpos
e,
an
Cop
per
Sla
g S
tora
ge A
rea
and
Gyp
sum
Pon
d of
aro
und
97
Acr
es w
ould
be
iden
tifi
ed a
nd m
ade
avai
labl
e fo
r in
term
edia
te/e
mer
genc
y st
orag
e of
the
sa
me.
Pro
visi
on
wou
ld
be
mad
e to
re
clai
m
the
disp
osed
C
oppe
r S
lag
and
Pho
spho
gyps
um f
rom
Gyp
sum
pon
d at
a l
ater
sta
ge f
or v
ario
us u
tiliz
atio
n ve
ntur
es.
8.8
.P
OW
ER R
EQU
IREM
ENT
& S
UP
PLY
:
The
by-p
rodu
ct H
P &
MP
Ste
am w
hic
h is
pro
duce
d fr
om v
ario
us p
roce
ss
unit
s of
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y pl
ant
wou
ld b
e us
ed f
or t
he p
ower
gen
erat
ion
E
stim
ated
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
by C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pro
ject
: -
30
0 M
W
Pow
er g
ener
atio
n fr
om p
roce
ss S
team
: -
40
MW
N
et Im
port
: -
26
0 M
W
The
cons
truc
tion
pow
er (
@20
MW
) an
d C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
oper
atin
g P
ower
(@
260
MW
) w
ould
be
sour
ced
from
the
M/s
. Ada
ni P
orts
& S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zo
ne L
td (
AP
SE
ZL)
thro
ugh
M/s
.MU
PL.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
150
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
-9: R
EHA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N &
RES
ETTL
EMEN
T P
LAN
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
151
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
– 9
Reh
abili
tati
on &
Res
ettl
emen
t P
lan
9.1
.R
EHA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N &
RES
ETTL
EMEN
T P
LAN
The
prop
osed
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
com
plex
la
nd
is
vaca
nt,
henc
e no
di
spla
cem
ent
and
reha
bilit
atio
n of
loca
l pop
ulat
ion
is e
nvis
aged
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
152
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
-10
: PR
OJE
CT
SCH
EDU
LE A
ND
CO
ST E
STIM
ATE
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
153
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
CH
AP
TER
– 1
0
Pro
ject
Sch
edul
e &
Cos
t Es
tim
ate
10.1
.GEN
ERA
L
Suc
cess
ful
exec
utio
n on
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y co
mpl
ex c
alls
for
wel
l th
ough
t ou
t pr
ojec
t ex
ecut
ion
stra
tegi
es a
nd a
n el
abor
ate
Pro
ject
Impl
emen
tati
on p
lan
fo
r ca
rryi
ng o
ut a
wh
ole
rang
e of
cri
tica
l act
ivit
ies
such
as:
-
�S
elec
tion
of
Tech
nolo
gy/
Pro
cess
Lic
enso
r �
Fina
ncin
g (F
inan
cial
Clo
sure
) �
Pre
Pro
ject
Act
ivit
ies
�S
tatu
tory
App
rova
l �
Pro
ject
Exe
cuti
on P
hilo
soph
y an
d P
lan
�
Pro
ject
Coo
rdin
atio
n P
roce
dure
s �
Pro
ject
M
anag
emen
t,
Mon
itor
ing,
C
ontr
ol
&
Feed
back
, S
yste
m
&
Ser
vice
s �
Man
agem
ent
of T
echn
olog
y Tr
ansf
er
�B
asic
Eng
inee
ring
/ F
ront
End
Eng
inee
ring
�
Det
aile
d E
ngin
eeri
ng
�P
rocu
rem
ent
�M
onit
orin
g an
d E
xped
itin
g of
Man
ufac
turi
ng &
Fab
rica
tion
act
ivit
ies
�C
onst
ruct
ion
Man
agem
ent
�In
vent
ory
and
War
ehou
sing
Con
trol
�
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce a
nd Q
ualit
y C
ontr
ol
�O
rgan
izin
g an
d de
ploy
men
t of
ski
lled
labo
ur a
nd S
kille
d C
ontr
acto
rs
�Tr
aini
ng o
f pl
ant
pers
onne
l to
take
ove
r op
erat
ions
on
com
plet
ion
of
cons
truc
tion
act
ivit
y �
Pre
-com
mis
sion
ing,
co
mm
issi
onin
g an
d pe
rfor
man
ce t
esti
ng o
f al
l sy
stem
s an
d pu
ttin
g in
ope
rati
on
�M
aint
enan
ce M
anag
emen
t
All
the
abov
e ac
tivi
ties
can
be
phas
ed o
ut in
suc
h a
man
ner
that
the
pro
ject
is
exec
uted
in t
he m
ost
effi
cien
t an
d op
tim
ized
eco
nom
ic c
ours
e w
ith
a de
fine
d ti
me
sche
dule
gov
erne
d by
ove
rall
proj
ect
sche
dule
& t
he im
plem
enta
tion
Bar
ch
art.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
154
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
For
exec
utio
n of
th
e co
ntem
plat
ed
Meg
a P
roje
ct
like
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y it
es
sent
ially
dem
ands
for
a s
tron
g P
roje
ct E
xecu
tion
Tea
m w
ith
spec
ialis
t in
ea
ch
of
the
abov
e id
enti
fied
ac
tivi
ties
. B
esid
es:
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d re
port
ing
mat
rix
need
s to
be
wel
l def
ined
.
The
Pro
ject
Exe
cuti
on p
lan
(PE
P)
can
be f
urth
er e
labo
rate
d in
the
fut
ure
whe
n th
e C
oppe
r pr
ojec
t ac
hiev
es f
urth
er m
atu
rity
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
155
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
10.2
.PR
OJE
CT
EXEC
UTI
ON
PH
ILO
SOP
HY
The
encl
osed
ty
pica
l B
lock
M
atri
x se
ts
out
to
deve
lopm
ent
of
proj
ect
impl
emen
tati
on p
lan
for
the
Cop
per
proj
ect.
Thi
s im
plem
enta
tion
mod
el i
s pr
epar
ed t
o ac
hiev
e th
e op
tim
um
sch
edul
e an
d m
ost
effe
ctiv
e pr
ojec
t co
st.
Figu
re 6
6: P
roje
ct E
xecu
tion
Stra
tegy
AE
L: P
roje
ct M
gmt.
Tea
m
Pro
ject
Man
agem
ent
Con
sult
ant
(PM
C)
Tech
nolo
gy S
uppl
ier/
Li
cens
ors
Pro
ject
Man
agem
ent
B
asic
Eng
g P
kg (
S)
In
spec
tion
Sup
ply
C
atal
ysts
Sup
ply
Pro
prie
tary
E
quip
men
ts
Trai
ning
, Pre
-co
mm
issi
onin
g,
com
mis
sion
ing,
Tr
oubl
e S
hoot
ing
&
Mai
nten
ance
Tech
nica
l S
uper
viso
ry s
ervi
ce
for
DE
, Ere
ctio
n &
Pro
cure
men
t
Det
aile
d E
ngg
&
Uti
lity
Off
site
Eng
g
Fina
lisat
ion
of
-Sit
e W
ork-
Mec
hani
cal &
Civ
il
Con
stru
ctio
n M
anag
emen
t
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
156
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
10.3
.PR
OJE
CT
IMP
LEM
ENTA
TIO
N P
LAN
(P
IM)
G
ener
ally
: The
pro
ject
can
be
exec
uted
in t
he f
ollo
win
g m
anne
r:
Pha
se 1
: D
etai
led
plan
ning
pha
se i
nclu
ding
lic
enso
r se
lect
ion
basi
c en
gine
erin
g,
deta
iled
engi
neer
ing
P
hase
2: A
war
ding
of
PM
C (
Pro
ject
Man
agem
ent
Con
sult
ant/
LSTK
pro
cure
men
t &
co
nstr
ucti
on)
cont
ract
, ord
erin
g of
long
del
iver
y it
ems.
P
hase
3:
Com
plet
ion
of a
ll co
ntra
cts
for
real
izat
ion
of t
he p
roje
ct a
s el
abor
ated
ea
rlie
r.
The
vari
ous
phas
es a
re f
urth
er b
rief
ly e
labo
rate
her
ein
is G
ener
al b
ut e
ssen
tial
for
ex
ecut
ion
of a
con
tem
plat
ed m
ega
proj
ect
alik
e C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
P
hase
1: D
etai
led
Pla
nnin
g ph
ase
This
pha
se o
f th
e pr
ojec
t co
vers
the
fol
low
ing
crit
ical
act
ivit
ies:
�Fi
nanc
ial a
ppro
val o
f th
e bo
ard
follo
win
g D
FR a
nd D
PR
sta
ges
�S
elec
tion
of
Tech
nolo
gy S
uppl
ier
�S
tudy
and
pla
nnin
g of
tra
nspo
rtat
ion
of c
apit
al &
con
stru
ctio
n eq
uipm
ent
�S
ite
deve
lopm
ent
plan
ning
& s
elec
tion
of
cont
ract
or
�A
utho
rity
app
rova
l (va
riou
s S
tage
s i.e
. EIA
, EM
P e
tc)
�C
ost
opti
miz
atio
n �
Com
plet
ion
of B
asic
Eng
inee
ring
Pac
kage
& R
evie
w o
f D
PR
�
Com
plet
ion
of d
etai
l eng
inee
ring
�
Neg
otia
tion
of
PM
C &
Sel
ecti
on
P
hase
2:
�A
war
ding
of
PM
C
�P
roje
ct C
ontr
ol: E
ngin
eeri
ng P
hase
�
Ord
erin
g of
Lon
g de
liver
y it
em e
tc
P
hase
3: C
ompl
etio
n of
all
cont
ract
s fo
r re
aliz
atio
n of
pro
ject
of
proj
ects
This
pha
se c
over
s th
e fo
llow
ing
acti
viti
es:
�P
roje
ct M
anag
emen
t �
Pro
ject
Con
trol
: Pro
cure
men
t ph
ase
�P
roje
ct C
ontr
ol: C
onst
ruct
ion
phas
e �
Pro
ject
Con
trol
: Com
mis
sion
ing
phas
e
I
mpl
emen
tati
on s
ched
ule
for
Cop
per
Pro
ject
pos
t al
l rel
evan
t ap
prov
als
and
cons
ents
will
be
36
Mon
ths.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
157
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
10.3
.1.
Typi
cal
Pro
ject
P
hase
s fo
r In
tegr
ated
C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pro
ject
Ex
ecut
ion:
Figu
re 6
7: C
oppe
r Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t Pha
ses –
Con
cept
to C
omm
issio
ning
�FE
ED
: F
ront
End
Eng
inee
ring
D
esig
n
�E
PC
: E
ngin
eeri
ng/
Pro
cure
men
t/
Con
stru
ctio
n
�C
P :
Con
cept
Pac
kage
(T
echn
ical
H
ighl
ight
)
�P
IP :
Pro
cess
Info
rmat
ion
Pac
kage
�
GTR
: G
uara
ntee
Tes
t R
un
Pha
se I
C
once
ptua
l
CP
/PFR
3 M
6 M
10
M
18 M
4
8 M
8
Pha
se V
EP
C /
Pre
Com
mis
sion
ing
S
tart
up /
GTR
Pha
se II
Fe
asib
ility
R
epor
t (D
FR)
Pha
se IV
Fr
ont
End
Engg
D
esig
n (F
EED
)
� Dev
elop
/
Sel
ect
P
roce
ss
C on
figu
rati
on
� T
ech
nol
ogy
Inp
ut
� PIP
to
Clie
nt
� Des
ign
Bas
is
� Pro
cess
Uti
lity
Con
cept
Fi
nalis
atio
n
� Ove
rall
Feed
/
Pro
duc
t
B
alan
ce (
PB
D)
� U
tilit
y /
Eff
luen
t
S
umm
ary
� O
vera
ll P
lot
Pla
n
� Pro
ject
A
ppro
ach/
Sch
edu
le
� C
AP
EX
� OP
EX
� I
nves
tmen
t A
naly
sis
� Des
ign
Bas
is
Fina
lisat
ion
� P
lant
/ P
roje
ct
D
efin
itio
n
� P
roce
ss F
low
D
iagr
am
� Pro
cess
ion
D
escr
ipti
on
� Equ
ipm
ent
List
� Uti
lity/
Off
site
Faci
lity
� E
fflu
ent
Sum
mar
y
� Tech
. inp
uts
for
S
tatu
tory
cl
e ara
nces
� P
roje
ct C
ost
Est
imat
e
� Op.
Cos
t E
stim
ate
� Fi
nan
cial
Ana
lysi
s
Pha
se II
I
Det
ail P
roje
ct
Rep
ort
(DP
R)
Feasibility Report
158 Copper Refinery Project
10.3.2 Project Schedule for Copper Refinery Project
Table 31: Project Implementation Schedule
S.N.Acivity DescriptonM0 - M3M4 - M6M6 - M9M10 - M12
M13 - M15
M16 - M18
M19 - M21
M22 - M24
M25 - M27
M28 - M30
M31 - M33
M34 - M36
M37 - M39
M40 - M42
M43 - M45
M46 - M48
AApprovals
1TOR Filing
2All Relevant Approvals and Consent
BEngineering
Finalisation of Basic Engineering and Order Placement
COrder & Execution of EPCs
DOrder & Execution of IMs
EMilestones
1Plant Utilities Readiness
2Plant Commissioning
3Plant Trial Production Start Up
Project Schedule for Copper Refinery Plant
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
159
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
10.4
.PR
OJE
CT
CO
ST E
STIM
ATE
The
tota
l pro
ject
cos
t is
est
imat
ed: R
s. 1
0,0
00
cro
res.
In
vest
men
t in
Pol
luti
on p
reve
ntio
n w
ill b
e ~
10
%.
This
inve
stm
ent
will
be
maj
orly
in t
he f
ollo
win
g ar
eas:
�
Hot
Gas
Ele
ctro
stat
ic P
reci
pita
tors
in C
oppe
r S
mel
ter
�S
econ
dary
Gas
Scr
ubbi
ng S
yste
m in
Cop
per
Sm
elte
r �
Pie
rce-
Sm
ith
Con
vert
er D
oubl
e H
ood
Gas
Col
lect
ion
Sys
tem
�
Wet
Gas
Ele
ctro
stat
ic P
reci
pita
tor
Aci
d P
lant
�
Ven
turi
Scr
ubbe
rs in
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt
�Ta
il G
as S
crub
bing
Sys
tem
in S
ulph
uric
Aci
d P
lant
�
Eff
luen
t Tr
eatm
ent
Pla
nt f
or C
oppe
r S
mel
ter,
Sul
phur
ic A
cid
Pla
nt,
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y, A
lum
inum
Flu
orid
e, e
tc.
�R
ever
se O
smos
is P
lant
and
Mul
ti E
ffec
t E
vapo
rato
r �
Scr
ubbe
rs in
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
d P
lant
�
Sec
ured
Lan
dfill
for
Sto
rage
of
Haz
ardo
us W
aste
�
Line
d po
nd f
or G
ypsu
m s
tora
ge
�O
nlin
e S
tack
Ana
lyse
rs
�A
ir Q
ualit
y M
onit
orin
g S
tati
ons,
�
Dus
t cl
eani
ng M
achi
ne a
nd V
acuu
m T
ruck
s, e
tc.
The
proj
ect
cost
has
bee
n es
tim
ated
on
the
basi
s of
ide
ntif
ied
scop
e,
engi
neer
ing
deta
ils f
or c
ost
esti
mat
ion,
lice
nsor
’s in
form
atio
n an
d co
st d
ata
for
Eng
inee
ring
, Pro
cure
men
t an
d C
onst
ruct
ion
man
agem
ent
(EP
CM
) m
ode
of e
xecu
tion
. A
rea
sona
ble
cont
inge
ncy
fact
or h
as b
een
appl
ied
to t
ake
care
of
the
unfo
rese
en it
ems.
The
tota
l es
tim
ated
pro
ject
Cos
t of
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y pr
ojec
t is
aro
und
1.5
Bill
ion
US
D (
10,0
00
Cr.
).
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
160
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
-11:
FIN
AL
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
161
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
CH
AP
TER
– 1
1
Fina
l Rec
omm
enda
tion
s
11.1
.B
ENEF
ITS
FRO
M T
HE
PR
OJE
CT
The
Pro
pose
d C
oppe
r P
roje
ct o
f A
EL
is a
one
of
the
impo
rtan
t pr
ojec
t.
It is
evi
dent
fro
m t
he k
ey f
indi
ngs
of t
he P
re-F
easi
bilit
y R
epor
t un
dert
aken
by
AE
L th
at t
he p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
roje
ct i
s Te
chno
-Com
mer
cial
ly
Via
ble.
B
ased
on
the
vari
ous
stud
ies,
AE
L be
lieve
s th
at t
he C
oppe
r R
efin
ery
Pro
ject
w
ould
add
sig
nifi
can
t va
lue
to I
ndia
n ec
onom
y. T
he p
roje
ct w
ill n
ot o
nly
help
ens
urin
g by
bec
omin
g se
lf s
uffi
cien
t in
ter
ms
of C
oppe
r an
d S
ulph
uric
A
cid
for
Indi
a bu
t al
so d
rive
mac
roec
onom
ic g
row
th.
The
seri
es o
f be
nefi
ts t
hat
the
Pro
ject
wou
ld r
eap,
may
it
be S
trat
egic
or
Soc
io-E
cono
mic
are
tab
ulat
ed b
elow
:-
11.1
.1.
BEN
EFIT
S T
O IN
DIA
AN
D S
TATE
OF
GU
JAR
AT:
AE
L ha
s un
dert
aken
a c
ost
bene
fit
anal
ysis
to
asce
rtai
n th
e be
nefi
ts t
hat
wou
ld a
ccru
e to
the
Ind
ia a
nd G
ujar
at i
n pa
rtic
ular
fro
m i
ts p
ropo
sed
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
roje
ct.
The
stud
y re
sult
s sh
ow t
hat
the
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y P
roje
ct w
ould
cre
ate
subs
tant
ial
amou
nt o
f ta
x re
venu
e fo
r In
dia
over
25
ye
ars
of p
roje
ct li
fe.
The
Cop
per
Pro
ject
ven
ture
is
expe
cted
to
empl
oy a
bout
5,0
00
dir
ect
and
indi
rect
em
ploy
ees.
Ada
ni g
roup
hav
e be
en p
ione
ers
in c
orpo
rate
soc
ial
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d m
ade
sign
ific
ant
cont
ribu
tion
s to
im
prov
e qu
alit
y of
pe
ople
's l
ife
in a
ll th
e re
gion
s th
ey o
pera
te i
n.
In G
ujar
at, A
PSE
ZL a
nd A
EL
have
sta
rted
key
init
iati
ves
in s
uppo
rt o
f su
stai
nabl
e de
velo
pmen
t.
The
CS
R a
ctiv
ity
of A
PS
EZL
and
AE
L ai
ms
at b
ette
ring
the
soc
io-e
cono
mic
an
d cu
ltur
al s
tatu
s of
loca
l peo
ple.
The
key
hig
hlig
hts
of s
ome
init
iati
ves
&
acti
viti
es t
hat
AE
L is
goi
ng t
o un
dert
ake
at M
undr
a ar
e:
11.1
.2.
SU
STA
INA
BLE
LIV
ELIH
OO
D O
PTI
ON
S &
WO
MEN
EM
PO
WER
MEN
T:
�S
tren
gthe
ning
th
e C
omm
unit
y B
ased
O
rgan
izat
ions
lik
e Se
lf-H
elp
Gro
ups,
Far
mer
Fed
erat
ion
etc.
�
Cap
acit
y B
uild
ing
of t
he u
nder
priv
ilege
d co
mm
unit
ies
on v
ario
us
mar
ket
driv
en s
kills
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
162
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
�E
stab
lishm
ent
of
Forw
ard
& B
ackw
ard
Mar
ket
Link
ages
thr
ough
ne
twor
king
�
Fac
ilita
ting
th
e ea
sy
reac
h to
th
e te
chni
cal
inst
itut
ions
fo
r kn
owle
dge
up g
rada
tion
. �
Pro
mot
ion
of
live
stoc
k H
ealt
h M
anag
emen
t
11.1
.3.
EDU
CA
TIO
N IN
ITIA
TIV
ES:
�S
kill
up-g
rada
tion
th
roug
h
esta
blis
hmen
t of
Te
chni
cal
Trai
ning
In
stit
utio
n
�In
fras
truc
tura
l D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he f
orm
of
scho
ol b
uild
ing,
tea
chin
g &
lear
ning
equ
ipm
ent
and
furn
itur
e &
Fix
ture
s et
c.
�Q
ualit
y Te
ache
r su
ppor
t.
�S
chol
arsh
ip f
or E
duca
tion
Exc
elle
nce.
�
Pro
mot
ion
of
Gir
l Chi
ld E
duca
tion
. �
Inco
rpor
atio
n of
Ext
ra C
urri
cula
r ac
tivi
ties
. �
Hol
isti
c ap
proa
ch t
o th
e ed
ucat
ion
thro
ugh
“Yog
a &
Art
Of
Livi
ng”
. �
Pro
mot
ion
of
Func
tion
al L
iter
acy.
11
.1.4
.H
EALT
H IN
ITIA
TIV
ES:
�A
ddre
ssin
g th
e M
othe
r &
Chi
ld H
ealt
h
� S
uppo
rt t
o th
e N
utri
tion
al P
rogr
am o
f M
othe
r, C
hild
& S
choo
l goe
rs.
�C
ontr
ol o
n B
lindn
ess,
Mal
aria
, T.B
., H
IV &
AID
S, D
iarr
hea
etc.
�
Sup
port
the
Dis
tric
t H
ealt
h ad
min
istr
atio
n in
the
com
mun
ity
hea
lth
acti
viti
es
�
Impr
ovem
ent
of
Vill
ages
S
anit
atio
n th
roug
h S
olid
- Li
quid
W
aste
M
anag
emen
t.
�K
now
ledg
e E
nhan
cem
ent
on P
reve
ntiv
e H
ealt
h C
are
11.1
.5.
CO
MM
UN
ITY
INFR
AS
TRU
CTU
RE
& F
AC
ILIT
IES
:
�E
nhan
cem
ent
of G
reen
Cov
erag
e.
�P
rote
ctio
n of
Wild
life
thro
ugh
awar
enes
s ge
nera
tion
. �
Pro
mot
ion
of
Ren
ewal
Ene
rgy.
�
Was
te M
anag
emen
t th
roug
h in
stal
lati
on o
f re
cycl
ing
mea
sure
s.
11.1
.6.
NA
TUR
AL
RES
OU
RC
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T:
�E
nhan
cem
ent
of G
reen
Cov
erag
e �
Gro
und
Wat
er R
echa
rge
thro
ugh
Wat
er H
arve
stin
g �
Pro
tect
ion
of W
ildlif
e �
Pro
mot
ion
of
use
of R
enew
al S
ourc
es o
f E
nerg
y
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
163
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
11.1
.7.
YO
UTH
, SP
OR
TS &
CU
LTU
RE:
�P
rom
otio
n o
f br
othe
rhoo
d &
fra
tern
ity
wit
hin
the
villa
ge’s
you
ths.
�
Dev
elop
men
t of
Spo
rts
Act
ivit
ies.
�
Nur
turi
ng t
he y
outh
for
par
tici
pati
on a
t D
istr
ict,
Sta
te a
nd N
atio
nal
leve
l eve
nts.
�
Pat
roni
zati
on o
f th
e lo
cal a
rt &
cul
ture
.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
164
Copp
er R
efin
ery
Proj
ect
Ann
exur
es
Feasibility Report
165 Copper Refinery Project
ANNEXURE I – COPPER REFINERY LOCATION MAP
MundraMMMuunnndddraaaaaa
Feasibility Report
166 Copper Refinery Project
Annexure II – Satellite View of the Proposed Copper Refinery Plant Location
Proposed Location of the Copper Refinery Project
Adani Power Plant UMPP – TATA Power Plant
Feasibility Report
167 Copper Refinery Project
Annexure III : Alternate Sites Evaluated for Copper Refinery Project
Arabian Sea
Site 2
Site 1
Site 3
UMPP – TATA Power Plant
Adani Power Plant
Adani West Port for RM Handling
Feasibility Report
168 Copper Refinery Project
Annexure IV: Raw Material Conveying From West Port To Copper Refinery Plant Site
Proposed Site for Copper Refinery
Conveyor System for Raw Material
Adani West Port for RM Handling
Feasibility Report
169 Copper Refinery Project
ANNEXURE V : COMPOSITE LAYOUT FOR COPPER REFINERY PROJECT
Site 2
Site 1
Site 3
UMPP – TATA Power Plant
Adani Power Plant
Adani West Port for RM Handling
Intake Channel for Power Plant
Outfall Channel
Outfall Channel for CGPL
Raw Material Conveyor from West Port to Copper
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
170
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E- V
I SIT
E M
ETEO
RO
LOG
ICA
L D
ATA
a.
Max
imum
dry
bul
b te
mpe
ratu
re
: 4
7.8
ºC
b.
Hig
hest
mon
thly
mea
n of
dai
ly M
ax. T
emp
: 3
6.0
ºC
c.
Ann
ual m
ean
rela
tive
hum
idit
y
: 6
0%
d.
Max
imum
rel
ativ
e hu
mid
ity
: 9
5%
e.M
inim
um r
elat
ive
hum
idit
y
: 20
%
f.A
vera
ge a
nnua
l rai
nfal
l
: 350
mm
g.
Max
imum
tw
enty
fou
r(24
) hr
. rai
nfal
l
: 470
mm
h.
Sei
smic
zon
e
: Z
one-
V a
s pe
r IS
-18
93
i.M
axim
um W
ind
spee
d ex
peri
ence
d
: 6
5 K
m/h
r j.
Bas
ic W
ind
spee
d fo
r de
sign
: 5
0 m
/ S
ec a
s pe
r IS
-875
k.
Alt
itud
e
: 6
.5- 1
1 M
abo
ve M
SL.
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
171
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E V
II: P
LOT
PLA
N F
OR
CO
PP
ER R
EFIN
ERY
PR
OJE
CT
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
172
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E V
III: C
OP
PER
REF
INER
Y P
RO
JEC
T LA
ND
BR
EAK
UP
Des
crip
tion
Pha
se-I
Pha
se-II
Smel
ter
1717
Ref
iner
y, C
CR
& P
MR
P17
17
SAP
55
PA
P &
AlF
37
7
ETP
66
Plan
t A
rea
(in a
cres
)51
51U
tilit
ies
(O2
Pla
nt, W
ater
Res
ervo
ir, A
ir C
ompr
esso
r, Fu
el O
il Sy
stem
, LP
G)
99
Inco
min
g SU
B -
Anc
illar
y 2
22
Off
ices
, Fir
e St
atio
n, C
hang
e R
oom
- A
ncill
ary
43
3
Mat
eria
l Sto
res
& F
abri
cati
on Y
ard
22
Raw
Mat
eria
l Sto
rage
55
Uti
lity
Are
a (in
acr
es)
2222
Slag
3214
Gyp
sum
3318
SLF
1815
Was
te S
tora
ge A
rea
(in a
cres
)8
34
7
Roa
ds, D
rain
s, S
uppo
rt In
fras
truc
ture
&
Free
Spa
ce6
779
Gre
en B
elt
120
92
Tota
l Are
a (in
acr
es)
343
291
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
173
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E IX
– C
OM
PO
SITE
PR
OC
ESS
FLO
W S
HEE
T FO
R C
OP
PER
R
EFIN
ERY
PLA
NT
Air
Ene
rgy
S
team
Hea
t
SO
2 G
as
Mat
te +
Sla
g
Gas
Sta
ck
Sla
g fo
r G
ranu
lati
on
Mat
teS
lag
for
Gra
nula
tion
Hg
Sal
esC
onve
rter
Sla
g
SO
2 G
asM
atte
Dry
SO
2
Gas
Blis
ter
Cop
per
H2S
O4 S
ales
Ano
de S
lag
Cop
per
Met
al
H2S
O4
Cop
per
Ano
de
Bi &
Sb
Sal
ts
Tellu
rium
Nic
kel
H3P
O4
Sal
es
Gyp
sum
Sel
eniu
m
H2S
iF6
Alu
min
um H
ydra
teH
2SiF
6
Sal
esS
ilver
Gol
d
Cat
hode
s
Sal
es
CC
R S
ales
Roc
k P
hosp
hate
Cat
hode
s
PG
M C
once
ntra
te
AlF
3 S
ales
Cop
per
Scr
ap (
Inte
rnal
+
Ext
erna
l)
Cop
per
Scr
ap (
Inte
rnal
+
Ext
erna
l)
Sm
elti
ng F
urna
ce
Set
tler
/ Sla
g C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
Fugi
tive
G
ases
Sc
rubb
er
Oxy
gen
Plan
t
Cu
Con
cent
rate
Flux
Mat
eria
l
Pie
rce
Sm
ith
Con
vert
er
Sla
g C
lean
ing
Furn
ace
WH
RB
Turb
ine
Ano
de F
urna
ce
Sulp
huri
c A
cid
Pla
nt
Pho
spho
ric
Aci
dA
cid
Pla
nt
Alu
min
um
Fluo
ride
Pla
nt
Cop
per R
efin
ery
Tank
H
ouse
CC
R P
lant
Min
or M
etal
Rec
over
y
Pre
ciou
s M
etal
Rec
over
y
Gas
C
lean
ing
P
lant
Cop
perS
crap
Mel
ting
Fu
rnac
e
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
174
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E X
– M
ATE
RIA
L FL
OW
SH
EET
FOR
INTE
GR
ATE
D
CO
PP
ER R
EFIN
ERY
PLA
NT
ProductsCopper CathodeTPA10,00,000
Raw MaterialSulphuric Acid (> 98%)TPA30,00,000 Copper ConcentrateTPA32,00,000 Continuous Copper Wire RodTPA5,00,000 SilicaTPA3,20,000 Oxygen (Technical)TPA90,000 Lime StoneTPA80,000 GoldTPA50 QuartzTPA1,44,000 SilverTPA500 Quick LimeTPA60,000 Phosphoric Acid (as 100% P2O5)TPA5,00,000 Copper ScrapTPA2,00,000 Aluminium FluorideTPA30,000 Rock PhosphateTPA17,50,000 ByproductsAlumina HydrateTPA37,500 Anode SlimeTPM500 FuelSeleniumTPM24 High Speed DieselKLPD50 PGM ConcentrateTPM6 Furnace OilTPD300 Ferro Sand/ Iron Silicate - Copper Slag (Granulated)TPM1,85,000 Liquefied Petroleum GasTPD100 PhosphogypsumTPM2,08,333 Coal / Pet CokeTPD100 Hydro Fluro Silicic Acid (~20% as H2SiF6)TPM2,500 Met CokeTPD100 Copper TellurideTPM42
TelluriumTPM8 Waste NickelTPM17 ETP Waste Sludge & Scrubber WasteTPM18,000 Bismuth BisulphateTPM120 Nickel SludgeTPM529 Calomel (Mercury Chloride) TPM18 Arsenic bearing sludge. As-Cu precipateTPM223 MercuryTPM16 Used OilKL/Yr200 CCR Mill ScaleTPM50 Oil SludgeT/yr50 Waste Heat Recovery Boiler based powerMW50 Spent CatalystKL/Yr400 Spent Resins from DM, RO & Refinery PlantKL/Yr20 ETP Treated WaterKL/Day500 Rejects from Secondary RO PlantKL/Day500
Copper Plant Integrated ( Copper Smelter, Oxygen Plant, Copper Refinery, CCR Plant, PMR Plant, Sulphuric Acid
Plant, Phosphoric Acid Plant, Aluminum Fluoride Plant, etc)
Material Flow Sheet (Tentative) - 1000 KTPA Copper Plant - Integrated
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
175
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E X
I – W
ATE
R B
ALA
NC
E FO
R IN
TEG
RA
TED
CO
PP
ER
REF
INER
Y P
LAN
T (M
3/D
AY
)
8800Phosphoric Acid
Plant
13176Sulphuric Acid Plant19441320Sulphuric Acid Plant
MUPL32766Raw
Water Reservoir
7200Copper Smelter +Scrap Melting
Furnace1872
Effulent Treatment
Plant1920
Copper Smelter
1516Copper Refinery &
PMR12001200
Effulent Treatment
Plant324
Evaporation
750CCR plant503431Sea
Discharge
1000Domestic Use1000Sewage
Treatment Plant
1597Gardening
Water Balance - 1000 KTPA Copper Plant - Integrated
Feas
ibili
ty R
epor
t
176
Cop
per
Ref
iner
y Pr
ojec
t
AN
NEX
UR
E X
II –
LIST
OF
AB
BR
EVIA
TIO
NS:
Ac.
A
cres
A
EL
Ada
ni E
nter
pris
es L
imit
ed
AP
L A
dani
Pow
er L
imit
ed
AP
SE
ZL
Ada
ni P
orts
& S
peci
al E
cono
mic
Zon
e Li
mit
ed
BFD
B
lock
Flo
w D
iagr
am
CP
P
Cap
tive
Pow
er P
lant
E
PC
M
Eng
inee
ring
P
rocu
rem
ent
and
Con
stru
ctio
n M
anag
emen
t FY
Fi
nanc
ial Y
ear
GD
P
Gro
ss D
omes
tic
Pro
duct
IN
R
Indi
an R
upee
s IR
R
Inte
rnal
Rat
e of
Ret
urn
IS
BL
In S
ide
Bat
tery
Lim
it
LTP
A
Lacs
Ton
s pe
r A
nnum
M
UP
L M
PS
EZ
Uti
litie
s P
vt. L
td.
ppm
pa
rts
per
mill
ion
TPA
To
ns P
er A
nnum
TP
D
Tons
Per
Day
TP
H
Tons
Per
Hou
r U
SD
/US
$
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Dol
lar
ZLD
Ze
ro L
iqui
d D
isch
arge
