Cisco Expo 2011 - Dizajn jezgre IP mreža nove generacije za ...

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 Cisco Confidential 2 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Josef Ungerman

Consulting SE, CCIE#6167


•  Motivations for IP NGN

•  Trends is IP/MPLS Core Design

•  Making Routers Cheaper

•  IPoDWDM

•  Pre-FEC proactive protection

•  100GE and 40GE

•  Future

Cisco Confidential 4 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Exponential Growth and Evolving Traffic Mix

Global IP Traffic 2009 2014

Video & Multimedia

Mobile Internet

IT Services via Cloud

300+% Market Growth

39X Increase in Traffic

90% Consumer Traffic

IP traffic will increase 4X

(767 exabytes by 2014)

Very Different Traffic Profile

•  IPv6 and IPv4 Address Exhaustion •  LTE moving from circuits to packets •  new access technologies – WiFi, FTTX

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index—Forecast, 2009-2014

More Issues:


Traffic

Revenue

Animated slide

Monetization New revenue streams

Optimization Efficient delivery

Profitability


Value Shifting from Simple Access to Service Enablement

Monetize Infrastructure Investments

Innovate in Rapidly Changing

Environment Optimize

Costs

Reduce Operational Complexity


ACCESS AGGREGATION BACKBONE

SDH/ATM Mobile

SDH

FR/ATM

Metro Ethernet

PDH MW SDH

FMC/ Packet Core

ATM

IP/MPLS Internet Peering

PDH

CPE

DSLAM MSAN

CPE

IGW

BRAS

CPE

Regional DWDM

Backbone DWDM

SGSN GGSN IGW

INTERNET

100’s 10’s 1’s 1000’s

2G

3G

Data Centers


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION

CarrierE AGGREGATION IP/MPLS

BACKBONE IP/MPLS

Internet Peering

PDH MW 2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW CGv6

BRAS

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE

Ethernet MPLS-TP MPLS …

PON

LTE, WiFI…

EDGE

IP NGN •  single multiservice IP/MPLS network •  operational hierarchy •  end-to-end circuits (pseudowires) and clouds (IP)

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s

Data Centers


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE

IP/MPLS Core Internet Peering

PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE P P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s



ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE P P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s


Carrier Ethernet System 1.2 Mobile Wireless added 1.5, 1.6

VOT System (Video Optimized Transport)


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE P P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s


Cisco MWCE 1.7 System (Mobile & Wireline Carrier Ethernet)

Cisco C&E 1.7 System (Core & Edge)


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE P P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s


Cisco NGN 1.8 System (Next Generation Network)


•  Comprehensive architecture for residential, business, wholesale and mobile services

•  Scalable and resilient service delivery

•  Verified by independent third party [2009] Testing Cisco's IP Video Service Delivery Network

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=177356 [2010] Testing Cisco's Next-Gen Mobile Network

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=196105

•  Successfully deployed by service providers around the world

•  Future capacity for additional services

•  MWCE (Mobile Wireline Carrier Ethernet) System fully tested & documented – comprehensive Design and Implementation Guides

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 Deployed at top service providers in the Americas, Europe, Australia and Asia

Fully integrated with MWCE and NGN solution

•  Network and Service Management •  MPLS, CE, IPRAN/MToP support •  Service discovery, network & service maps •  Service fault management & troubleshooting •  Graphical fault visualization •  Complete CE and MToP service activation •  Activation “Point & Click” GUI or via NB API •  Topology-based root cause •  Service impact analysis •  Graphical workflow builder

Foundation   Abstract VNE model and mediation

layer   Distributed scale, carrier class, HA   Telnet, web service and SNMP APIs   SDK and developer support   Sun/Solaris server; Windows client   Customizable, configurable   NB Event, Alarm &Ticket notifications   Solution integrations with provisioning,

inventory and performance systems

Element Management   NE and topology auto-discovery   NE Physical & Logical Inventory   Network Topology   Event, alarm and user-TCA management   Configuration support (script builder)   200+ built-in configuration scripts   Open toolkit for extensions   NE configuration archiving (1H’10)   NE Image management (1H’10)   Security: authentication, RBAC   50+ device families, 300+ NE-types


1)  Reduce the number of networks   IP NGN = single multiservice network

2)  Reduce the number of layers   IP NGN = IP/MPLS + DWDM

3)  Reduce the number of nodes   Direct Links = huge broadband traffic takes shortest path

4)  Reduce the number of links   MPLS Technology = statistical multiplex and hierarchy

5)  Innovate – make use of modern technologies   Moore’s Law = Lower TCO, Price/Gigabit, Watt/Gigabit

Optimization: How to move bits cheaper... ...reduce OPEX, CAPEX, and keep reasonable quality?


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE P P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

Direct Links – IP offload example •  simple backbone evolution •  keeps one network, keeps hierarchy •  way to 100GE

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s



ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE

IP/MPLS Core [existing]

Internet Peering

PDH MW

DPI

2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW BRAS DN

VPN PE

IPTV PE

FMC PE

BB PE BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

Direct Links – IP offload example •  simple backbone evolution •  keeps one network, keeps hierarchy •  way to 100GE

AN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s



ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW 2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW AN

P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…

E-Line Traffic Optimization •  end-to-end circuits, from/to anywhere •  E-Lines take the shortest path •  ANA – circuit NMS

Existing PE’s

Existing PE’s

DN/PE

BNG DPI

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s

CarrierE AGG IP/MPLS


ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW 2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW AN

P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…


Existing PE’s

Existing PE’s

DN/PE

BNG DPI

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s



ANY ACCESS

AGGREGATION EDGE


PDH MW 2G

3G

CPE

DSLAM

IGW AN

P BB PE

DWDM

INTERNET

CORE


PON

LTE, WiFI…


Existing PE’s

Existing PE’s

DN

100’s 10’s 1000’s 1’s



rules for successful “Router Bypass”

Metro Aggregation

Core (P)

BNG (Edge)

Internet Gateways

The Quality of IP NGN Design must be kept: •  Hierarchy (PE is always connected to P) •  One network, one IGP (not multiple) •  QoS and Security everywhere •  Scalability – where will 40/100GE start?

Simple rules: SSN – Single Service Node (eg. BRAS, IGW) MSN – Multiservice Node (eg. P router) • SSN-MSN link = ok safe operation • MSN-MSN link = think twice! such link has low igp cost, can attract other traffic too it needs proper QoS and capacity mgt • SSN-SSN link = stop! don’t break the hierarchy, don’t create another net

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22

RP

LC

LC

LC

LC

RP

LC

LC

LC

LC

Virtual Chassis (ASR9000)

RP

LC

LC

LC

LC

RP

LC

LC

LC

LC

Multi-Chassis (CRS)

Key motivation is in the Access edge: Simpler Access Dual-homing •  scaling the L2/L3 control plane (not data plane)

Key motivation is in the Core: Simpler Core PoP •  scaling the non-blocking data plane

Cluster (one L2 & MPLS control plane)

Cluster + Satellites (remote linecards)

Multi-Chassis (one router)

dRP dRP

More Node Consolidation Technologies


7.75 7.49 7.65

2.77 2.69 2.74

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4/S 8/S 16/S

Wat

ts

CRS Form Factor

Power @ 40G/slot Power @ 140G/slot Total Power W/Gbps @ 40G/slot W/Gbps @ 140G/slot


•  Silicon has fundamentally followed Moore’s law

•  Optics is fundamentally an analog problem

$-

$10,000.00

$20,000.00

$30,000.00

$40,000.00

$50,000.00

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2010 2012

$/Gbps

Routers: 23% Cumulative Average $/Gbps Drop per year / fewer ASICs Optics: $/G stays flat (best case) or increases from one technology to the next

Cisco Core Router Example

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Cap

acity

in G

b/s

Cos

t/Gb

($U

SD)

DWDM Optic Cost and DWDM Capacity

10Gb 40Gb 100Gb Capacity 10G/40G/100G Networking Ports Biannual Worldwide and Regional Market Size and Forecasts May 2010

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

100%

10G % ASP

40G % ASP

100G % ASP

Future Trend

Cisco Core Routing Example

Switch Engine

Client Optics

DWDM Optics

Infrastructure


...and keep a reasonable quality? 1)  Compact Anatomy   RSP, Route/Switch Processor (instead of RP and FC)   Ethernet-oriented Linecard (non-modular, less memory)

2)  Linecard Architecture   4x 10G NPU (instead of 1x 40G NPU)   one full-duplex NPU shared for rx and tx (instead of 2 dedicated NPU’s)   2x 40G fabric interface (instead of 1x 80G fabric interface)

3)  Special Core-facing Linecards   8/16 queues per port (instead of thousands)   lower-scale NPU (no need for thousands of interfaces)   licenses for features that not everybody uses (IPoDWDM, SyncE, VPN,...)

4)  Oversubscribed Cards   2:1 ingress overbooking (eg. GPON Aggregation or Intra PoP PE links)

5)  Power Consumption   newer chips, fewer chips = 50+% Watt-per-Gigabit savings

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. BRKIPM-2012 26

Cisco CRS very modular router anatomy

IOS IOS IOS IOS

RP (active) RP (standby)

MSC-140 – 140G FP-140– 140G

SPA

SPA

SIP-800

midp

lane

40G

MSC-40

NP

NP

Q buff.

IOS

Q

Q buff.

FP-40

NP

NP

Q buff.

IOS

Q

Q buff.

NP’

NP’

Q buff.

IOS

Q

Q buff.

NP’

NP’

Q buff.

IOS

Q

Q buff.

PLIM

midp

lane

40G

14x 10GE

Switch Fabric Cards (all 8 active)

4, 8 or 16 Linecard slots + 2 RP slots

100GE

QFA (Quantum Flow Array) - 140 Gbps, 125 Mpps NPU - one for RX, one for TX processing

141G rx 225G tx

midp

lane

140G

midp

lane

140G

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. BRKIPM-2012 27

Cisco ASR9000 compact router/switch anatomy

IOS IOS

RSP (active)

IOS IOS

RSP (fab. active)

NP

NP

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

buff.

buff.

IOS

Transport LC – 40G

NP

NP

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

buff.

buff.

IOS

NP

NP

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

buff.

buff.

Transport LC – 80G

4 or 8 Linecard slots

90G

Trident NPU - 15 Gbps, 14 Mpps (2x) - shared for RX & TX processing - more independent NPU’s per card

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

Transport LC – 16x TGE OS NP

NP

buff.

buff.

IOS NP

NP

buff.

buff.

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

NP

NP

NP

NP

buff.

buff.

buff.

buff.

IOS

Transport LC – 8x TGE OS

RSP (Route/Switch Processor) •  CPU + Switch Fabric •  active/active SF


Edge-facing Card Core-facing Card Over-subscribed Card

CRS-1 EMSE MSC40 $50K FP40 + 4xTGE $19K FP40 + 8xTGE $16K

7600 ES+ 4TG $39K ES+T 4TG $16K - - CRS-3 EMSE MSC140 $29K FP140 + 14xTGE $18K FP140 + 20xTGE $15K

ASR9000 A9K-8T-B $16K A9K-8T-L $9.25K A9K-8T/4-L $5.75K

...TGE port GPL pricing examples

Watt per TGE (max.)

CRS-1 MSC40 + 4xTGE 125 W

CRS-1 FP40 + 4xTGE 105 W

7600 76-ES+4T 100 W

ASR9000 A9K-8T 78 W

CRS-3 MSC/FP + 14xTGE 43 W


Creates an IP mesh

Creates an IP hierarchy

Statistical Multiplexing

DWDM or dark fiber – direct link (optical layer bypass)

• O-E-O regeneration avoided as much as possible (no need for OTN Switching cross-connects in most countries) • Static long lambdas are used (no need for dynamic G.MPLS in the static offload environment) Possible use of IPoDWDM technology and ROADM


Invest in High Capacity SDH/SONET/OTN 10 transponders needed 4-14 Short Reach optics Every Lambda OEO Addt’l transponder & SR for each λ Expensive switch w/active electronics

OTN OEO SDH/SONET Solution

Short Reach Optics I/F

Cross Connect

(XC)

Transponders or DWDM I/F

Router

Continue to Invest in XCs & Transponders

Invest in IPoDWDM 0 transponders needed 2 Tunable DWDM interfaces in router All pass-through traffic stays optical ROADM full provisioned, no truck rolls Expensive switch eliminated

IPoDWDM Solution

ROADMs

Tunable DWDM I/F

Router

Eliminate Unnecessary OEO XC & Transponders


Core Router

Electrical XC

Metro Network

IP Layer Management

P2P DWDM

Optical Layer Management

Transponders converting short reach to λ

Electrical switching – OEO conversions

Metro Network

Manual patching of 10G connections


Metro Network

Metro Network

Integrated transponders

Photonic switching – no OEO conversions

ROADM

Core Router

Common Network Management and Control

Mesh ROADM


SP in Poland – 40G 613km ‘alien-wavelength’ over existing Siemens Surpass hiT 7500

l 1 l 1

Traffic Generator

Mngmt 1GE

Optical Monitoring Points

OSA

CRS-1Poznan

CRS-1Warszawa

40GE40GE 613 km

DPSK+ 40G

other NRZ 10G channels Q Margin = 6.25 dB PMD < 2.3 ps CD < +/- 700 ps/nm OSNR > 7.4 dB

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 34

SR port on Router

Trans- ponder

FEC

DWDM

BE

R O

ut P

acket Loss LOF

FEC

Optical Impairment

Standard Protection

Working Path Switch- over

Protected Path WDM

port on Router

FEC

DWDM

BE

R O

ut P

acket Loss

FEC

Protection Trigger

Near-hitless switch

Optical Impairment

Proactive Protection

Working Path Protected Path


Protection Type Fault Type Convergence Time (ms)

Highest Lowest Average

Proactive Optical Switch 11.50 11.18 11.37

Proactive Noise Injection 0.02 0 0.0

Proactive Fiber Pull (Tx) 25.48 0 12,39

Proactive PMD-Injection 0.08 0 0.02

Standard Optical Switch 11,54 11,37 11,43

Standard Noise Injection 7404 1193 4305

Standard Fiber Pull (Tx) 25.93 12.50 20.19

Standard PMD-Injection 129.62 122.51 125.90


•  All lambdas upgraded to 100Gbps •  Sub-100G services provided by OTN OEO

Advantages All lambdas on a fibre are 100G

Disadvantages 100TXP investment upfront Need an additional OTN OEO All 10G TXPs are obsolete

10G and 100G DWDM Coexistence

  10G and 100G lambdas co-exist on same fibre   Packet uses 100G, everything else 10G

Advantages Only high demand clients upgraded to 100G Protects existing 10G DWDM investment Lowest cost per bit (100G TXPs>10 x10G TXPs)

Disadvantages Need a guard band between 10G and 100G

frequencies Not appealing in ULH environments

100G lambda

10G lambda

100G lambdas

OTN OTN

10G SR

100G SR

OTN Multiplexing


•  PM – QPSK – Pol Mux Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

•  Increase distances utilizing Cisco Advanced FEC

•  Advanced signal processing to address: CD Compensation PMD Mitigation Single Channel Non-linear impairment mitigation

•  To be implemented on both router interfaces and transport NEs

4 x 50G ADC

Signal Processing

PIN

PIN

PIN

PIN

Laser

90° Hybrid

90° Hybrid

i0

q0

i1

q1

Optical Linear System

Laser

25Gb/s

QPSK1 Modulator 25Gb/s

100 Gb/s = 25 Gbaud 25Gb/s

QPSK2 Modulator 25Gb/s

In-phase

Quadrature

In-phase

Quadrature


IEEE 802.3ba High Speed Ethernet Standard Interfaces

Cisco Confidential 39 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. All units are in millimeters and round numbers

Xenpak X2 XFP SFP+ QSFP CXP*

115

36

77

13 36 18

70

18

70 m

ax

~24

TBD

56

CFP 82

140

E-interface: 84 pins Tx: 12x10G Rx: 12x10G

E-interface: 70 pins 4x3.125G

E-interface: 70 pins 4x3.125G

30 pins 1x10G

20 pins 1x10G

E-interface: 148 pins 4x10G (XLAUI) 10x10G (CAUI)

38 pins 4x10G

High-Speed Transceivers Form Factors


100GE available today

1x 100GBE   Line-rate performance (100Gbps)

  CFP optics (LR4)

FP-140 – Core & Peering @ 140 Gbps

  8 queues per port, ACL, Netflow

MSC-140 – High-speed edge @ 140Gbps

  HQoS, 64,000 queues, 12,000 interfaces

Interface Module

Forwarding Processor


•  Catalyst 6500: 4-‐port 40G module 80Gbps/60Mpps, CFP transceivers 16x 10GE version also available

•  Nexus 7000: 6-‐port 40G module 240Gbps/120Mpps, QSFP transceivers (focused on DC distances)

•  Nexus 7000: 2-‐port 100G module (40/100) 200Gbps/120Mpps, CFP transceivers (focused on wide-‐area distances)

Target FCS CY11

Data Center


•  Motivations for IP NGN – traffic growth

•  Trends is IP/MPLS Core Design – cost reduction

•  Moore’s Law – making routers cheaper

•  IPoDWDM and proactive protection

•  100GE

Thank you.

Cisco Expo 2011 - Dizajn jezgre IP mreža nove generacije za ...

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