MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS WORKING GROUP ON REFUGEES

GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SURLES REFUGIES NEGOCIATIONS POUR LA PAIX AU MOYEN-ORIENT

Bibliographies

prepare

1"~1\ITRE FOR RE

,rk University

92-·080 l-00 Middle East Expert and Advisory Services Fund Phase I

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Toronto Canada

OCTOBER 1992

INTRODUCTION

This volume consists of seven new bibliographies on refugee-related areas discussed in the May 1992 Meeting of Middle East Peace Negotiations. It is a continuation of the General Bibliography prepared by the Center for Refugee Studies for the May 1992 meeting of the Working Group on Refugees.

The areas covered by the six annotated bibliographies are Family Reunification, Human Resources Development, Public Health, Vocational Training and Job Creation, Child Welfare, and, Development of Social and economic Infrastructure. Each of the new bibliographies has been prepared in the format of the original one with keywords and the necessary information on the source material. The seventh bibliography is compiled of Arabic sources on all the above-mentioned issues.

*The format used for an entry is as follows:

Author (year)

"Title of the Article" in Title of the Journal Vol. # (series#): page# - or -Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publishing Company number of pp.

Abstract:

Keywords:

Available from:

INDEX

Section I

1. List of Contributors 2. List of Contacts

Section II: Bibliographies

1. Annotated Bibliography I - Child Welfare -2. Annotated Bibliography II - Development of Social and Economic

Infrastructure -3. Annotated Bibliography III - Family Reunification -4. Annotated Bibliography IV - Human Resources Development -5. Annotated Bibliography v - Public Health -6. Annotated Bibliography VI - Vocational Training and Job

Creation -7. General Bibliography of Arabic Sources

DISCLAIMER

This new volume of Bibliographies has been prepared as an attempt to include pertinent Arabic and Hebrew literature in addition to the English-language sources on the issue of refugee-related problems in the Middle East. The larger pool of sources (briefly) summarised in the annotations would hopefully provide an up-to-day knowledge of the different technical and political perspectives on refugee-related problems in the Middle East. However, the current document is by no means exclusive and therefore should only be referred to with the acknowledgement of its selective nature.

List of Contributors:

Howard Adelman

Nergis Canefe Gunluk

Edward Opoku-Dapaah

Mehran Banaei

Wayne Johnston

Alberto N. Da Silva

Issam Al-Yaamani

Edmund Abaka

Birgit Brandt

OVerseas Contributors:

Rachel Adelman-Stene (Israel)

Rami Abdulhadi (West Bank)

Sandra Maniak Allin (Jordan)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Project Director

Research Director

Project Co-ordinator

Project Researcher Bibliographic Researcher Human Resources Development

Documentalist

Bibliographic Researcher Public Health

Bibliographic Researcher Arabic Sources

Bibliographic Researcher Family Reunification

Bibliographic Research Assistant Public Health

LIST OF CONTACTS (PALESTINIAN REFUGEES AND RELATED ISSUES)

Al-Qutob, Raeda. Jordan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine Department of Public Health

Abdual Rahman, Asad. Director of Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation.

Abu Awad, Abusalam. Field Health Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Ajlouni, Kamel. President Jordan University of Science and Technology

Al-Jaddou, Hashem Y. Head of Department of Community Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology

Amairy, Arwa. Department of Phycology University of Jordan.

Ammary, Nashad. Acting Field Health Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Badran, Laila. Ministry of Health

Bisharat, Leila. UNICEF, Jordan.

Butros, Adrianne. Librarian, UNDP.

Cainkar, Louise. Director of USA Human Rights Research and Education Foundation, Chicago.

David, Paul. Deputy Field Director of UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

de Redimatten, Janvier. Director of U.N.H.C.R.

Ducraux, Michel. Head of International Committee of the Red Cross.

El-Baroudi, Hassan. World Health Organization Centre for Environmental Health Activities

Ghabayen, Omar. Deputy Field Education Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

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Habayeb, Adib. Advocate

Habiby, Samir World Council of Churches.

Hijazi, Sa'ad. Vice-President Jordan University of Science and Technology

Irsheid & Bustami Department of Palestinian Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Kafafi, Zeidan. Director of Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology Yarmouk University.

Khader, Asma. Advocate

Khouri, Rami. Al Kutba Publishers (for UNICEF) Jordan.

Khouri, Riad. Middle East Business Associates Ltd.

Kufafee, George. ESCWA

Lee, William. UNRWA, New York.

MacCallun, Christine. Field Relief and Social Services Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Officer.

Massadeh, Abdel Mahdi. Director of Refugees and Displaced Persons Studies Program Faculty of Law Yarmouk University.

Mattar, Philip. Institute for Palestine Studies Washington D.C.

Mawajdeh, Salah Moh'd. Jordan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine Department of Public Health

Ms. Cosima Hadidi Dabbas Al Kutba Publishers

Musa, Lina. UNFPA

Olwan, Mohammed. Faculty of Law Yarmouk University.

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Rabi', Atallah Zayed. Public Health Department School of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology

Rhodes, Curtis. Director of Near East Foundation.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad. Lecturer of Political Science.

Salti, Rebecca. Save the Children Foundation

Sagar, Matar. Information Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Sawalha, Sawalha. Queen Noor Foundation.

Shawwa, Fouad. Deputy Relief & Social Services Officer, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Tadros, Jamal. Acquisitions Director of Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation.

Young. Bill. Department of Anthropology Yarmouk University.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY I - CHILD WELFARE -

Accronyms of sources: HDIP - Health Development Information Project. UTLINK - University of Toronto. PP - Preventive Pediatrics. IJMS - Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. AJPH - American Journal of Public Health. RID - Reviews of Infectious Diseases.

'Abdelnour, s. (1991) Study on Nutritional Status of a Selected Sample of Under-Five Palestinian Children, UPMRC, Jerusalem Abstract: The study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status of Palestinian children under the age of five years and at investigating some of the factors which influence the nutritional status of children. Another aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing volunteer human resources for the process of data collection: - Seven-hundred and twenty children were surveyed. The nutritional status of these children was assessed using the McLaren and Read chart. - Children coming from families with more than six members comprised 87.1% of the sample. 7.2% of the surveyed children lived in households which lacked latrines. Of the surveyed children 68.5% were delivered in hospitals, 96.4% were reported to have completed their vaccinations and 25.3% had a diarrheal episode within one week prior to the survey. The lowest incidence of diarrhea was in the refugee camps. Seasonal fluctuations, the level of crowdedness and the presence of latrines in households had significant effects on the prevalence rate of diarrhea. Children with mild to severe malnutrition comprised 35.9% of the sample. The malnutrition rate among females was significantly higher than that among males. Children at the weaning age had a higher prevalence rate of malnutrition than other children in the sample. Diarrheal episodes were more common among malnourished children. Children who were fed solely on breast milk had a lower incidence of diarrhea than those who were fed solely on powdered milk. Twenty-five percent of the assessed children had a hemoglobin level of less than 11 mg% and the hemoglobin level was lowest among children aged 6-2,3 months. Children who were fed solely on breast milk had the lowest incidence of anemia. It is recommended that assessments other than McLaren and Read be used to give a more thorough picture of the nutritional status of Palestinian children. (HDIP] · Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; health; health care; children; nutrition; diarreah; refugee camps; milk; nutritional stat~s.

Abed, Y., Edda'ma, M. (1987) Health of School Children 6 -12 Years. Gaza Strip. Rural and Urban Localities, .Presented to the WHO Training Workshop on health services research in primary health care in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: A pilot health screening survey was carried out in two rural and two urban schools in the Gaza strip. A total of 450 students were surveyed from the 6- 7 (n=197), 11-12 (n=199) and 17-18 years (n=54) age groups. Forty percent showed some tooth decay and 3.3% had fillings. 6.9% had 6/9 visual acu-ny and 2% had 6/12 or less visual acuityAI IAA percent had eye glasses. Three hundred and twenty-five stool samples were analyzed by direct smear. (not from the 1718 age group). Parasite prevalence were 30% A. Iumbricoides (68% in rural schools) and 11% G. lamblia. T. tricura was not reported. Three hundred and ninety-five blood samples were analyzed. 36.5% had anemia. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; health; mother and child health; school children; health services.

Abed, Y., Zada, I.O. (1987)

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Investigation of Home Infant Deaths in Gaza Strip, Presented to the WHO Training workshop on health services research in primary health care in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: Between January and April of 1987, 138 questionnaires were completed in the death registration office for deaths of infants less than one year of age. Thirteen were discarded and the remaining 12 5 were analyzed. Of those, 22% were below one month of age and 61% were females. Fifty-one percent died of Pneumonia, 17% of gastroenteritis and 12% of congenital anomalies. When asked why the child was not referred to hospUal, 42% of the mothers gave "a large family" that is, too busy as the reason. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; west Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; health; mother and child health; infant deaths; disease.

Abed, Y.A. (1979) An Epidemiological Study of the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and their Effect on Hb and Growth and Development in Children of Jabalia Village, MSc Dissertation, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem. Abstract: A field survey of preschool children was conducted in Jabalia village including 411 children. Prevalence rates were 62.3% Ascaris lumbriciodes, 17% Giardia lamblia and 3. 7% Ancylostoma. Associations were found between prevalence rates and a number of environmental variables. A strong correlation between parasitism and anaemia is noted. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jabalia; health; health care; children; parasites; parasitism; epidemiology; infectious disease.

Abu Munshar, J., Hammuri, M. (1987) The Role of the Daya in Home Delivery and its Outcome In the Hebron Area. Abstract: A retrospective study was made of notified home births in the Hebron district between March 1 and March 20 of 1987. A total of 292 registered home deliveries were followed up through a home visit during which a questionnaire was administered to the mother. A separate questionnaire was given to the midwife if one had been present at the delivery. The findings of the study include the following: Eighty-five percent of home births occurred in villages or refugee c·amps. Only one of the 292 surveyed mothers reported having a job. Sixty-one percent of mothers did not have any kind of ante-natal care during pregnancy. Twenty-one percent of mothers utilized government MCH clinics and 11% went to private practitioners. Midwives attended 74% of the births, physicians attended 5% and family members attended 19% of the births. Infant mortality was estimated at 70/1000 live births and the miscarriage rate was estimated at 99 per 1000 pregnancies. Fifty-eight percent of mothers said that they delivered at home, the hospital was too expensive or that they had no health insurance. At two months of age, 5% of children were drinking bottle milk only and 9% were fed on both bottle and breast milk. A total of 67 dayas were interviewed, of whom 55 (89%) were aged more than 49 years. Seventy percent of the dayas delivered five or less children per month. All dayas reported making follow-up visits to mothers aner delivery. One curious finding was that registered birth weights were normally invented by the village Mukhtars as the dayas did not carry scales with them. The article recommends that ante-natal care promotion be enhanced and PHC services and daya training be expanded. It argues that pregnant women should have the right to free clinic and hospital MCH services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Hebron area; health; mother and child health; infant deaths; disease; home births; pregnancy; clinics; midwives; infant mortality; breast milk; Mukhtars; dayas.

Alwan, Suad Nabhan (n.d.) A Review of Commission Based Rehabilitation Experience: Jordan, Baqaa Palestine Refugees Camp

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Disability Program Office, UNRWA Jordan Field Office of Jordan, (draft), n.d., 5 p. Abstract: A house-to-house survey of the Baqaa Palestine Camp to detect disabled children and community rehabilitation. Keywords: Health; UNRWA; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

Ammari, Nabil (1987) Your First Baby Author, Amman. 110 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A scientific study to be used as a reference book for public health issues in general and for mothers in particular. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Health. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, amman, Jordan.

Anani, Hanan A. Al- (1990) Child Psychological Health Dar-Al Fikr Printers, Publishers and Distributors, Amman. 214 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A study that covers all aspects of child psychological health and its impacts on society. Keywords: Children; Health; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Aqel, Abdullatif Yahya Jaber (1990) "The Conditions of the Palestinian Child in the Occupied Territories from the Times of Misery to Intifida" Economic Samid, Vol. 12, No. 80 (in Arabic), pp. 133-165. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Arab Council for Childhood and Development (1990) The State of the Child in the Arab World A study prepared by Dr. Samir Milad and Ms. Hanan Serag El-Din for the Arab Council for Childhood and Development, Egypt, 169 p. Abstract: A study that covers the situation of children in the Arab world with regard to health, education, legislation and Islamic view of children, especially in disaster situations. Keywords: Children; Palestine; Iraq; Education; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Benbenishty, R. and D. Oyserman (1991) "A Clinical Information System for Foster Care in Israel." Child Welfare, 70(2):229-42. Abstract: It is a source of great concern in Israel that children placed out of home may loose permanence and may drift in the child welfare system. One way to avoid this danger is to improve the monitoring of the children by using modern information technology as a practice aid. A clinical information system is being installed that responds to the information needs of practitioners on all levels of the foster care system. The viability of the system and its possible effects on practice and on clinical judgment are examined. [UTlinc] Keywords: Israel; child welfare; foster home care; information systems

Bethlehem University (1979) Mother and Child Care in the Bethlehem Region, Bethlehem University. Abstract: A field survey of existing health services in the Bethlehem region is described including Bethlehem, Bayt Sahur, Bayt Jala and 32 surrounding villages. Nine of the villages had clinics, two had health education classes and three had qualified midwives. The report makes several proposals for health development including expansion of health

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education, training of a social worker in Hygiene and nutrition, establishing new clinics and expanding MCH services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Bethlehem region; Bayt Sahur; Bayt Jala; villages; clinics; health; mother and child health; midwives; health education; health development; hygiene; nutrition.

Buehrig, Edward (1971) The U.N. and the Palestinian Refugees: A Study in Nont:errit:orial Administration, Studies in Development: No.3, Bloomington: University Press. Abstract: A scholarly study of the administration of relief for Palestinians displaced from their homes by the Israelis. the author deals with the emergence of the expellees as a UN charge, constitutional origins of UNRWA, its corporate status and immunities, status and immunities of staff, economic rehabilitation, welfare, education and finance. Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; relief; expellees; welfare; economic rehabilitation; education; finance.

Carr, D. (1988) Village Mothers on the West: Bank Learn About: Health, World Health Forum, v.g: 245-249. Abstract: The health education program of Catholic Relief Services is described by the project manager. The program linked provision of food aid to attending health education classes which covered nutrition, first aid, child development and hygiene. In 1985 the program was revised and expanded and by January of 1986, 129 villages were reportedly involved. The author claims that an evaluation showed that the health education program had a favorable impact on certain aspects of behavior of mothers, and that there was a trend towards better health in participating villages. No supporting evidence for the former claim is given, while the latter is based on cross-sectional inter-village comparisons. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; mother and child health; health education; health development; hygiene; nutrition; villages; child development; food aid.

Data Base Project on Palestinian Human Rights (1989) A collection of Data Base Project: Documentation on Violations of the Human Rights of Palestinian Children During the Uprising - December 8, 1987 through September 18, 1989. Palestine Human Rights Information Centre/Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem. 98 p. Abstract: Report of the data base project which includes deaths and injuries to children in which violation of human rights is clear; Israeli justice, children, school and education, statistics and case studies. Keywords: Children; Intifida; Human Rights. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Deeb, Mary Elias (1987) Household Structure as Related to Childhood Mortality and Morbidity Among low income areas in Amman, Jordan. Ph.D dissertation, John Hopkins University. Abstract: This is a study of the effect of social and physical changes in household structure on childhood mortality and morbidity in low-income areas surrounding the city of Amman. In 1980 the Urban Development Department (U.D.D.) was mandated to develop urban sites in areas formed mainly by refugees who came from the West Bank to the East Bank of Jordan. In 1981, prior to the project, a baseline survey collected data on 1443 households. Four years later in 1985, a follow-up survey collected data from 1377 households. Keywords: mortality; child welfare; refugee

Dinnage, Rosemary and Pringle, M.L. Kellmer, (1967)

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Residential Child Care Facts and Fallacies, Humanities Press, New York. Abstract: The book reports on the scientific research findings on child welfare in Israel and other countries in Europe, the U.S.A., Britain. Child care is therefore analyzed in a functional and geographical sense. It concerns adequate care within the natural home, in a foster family, in a residential unit or in a situation of adoption. With regard to the particular case of Israel, the studies included (Rabin's, Kaffman's and Kaneti-Baruch's) pertain to children in the kibbutzim environment. The topics of research deal with psychopathology, behavioural issues, personality, adolescents, family and parenting, emotional disturbance, etc. The studies are presented in the traditional scientific format which include the aim/purpose, sample, method, findings, discussion and conclusion. Keywords: Israel; child welfare; child care; kibbutzim; psychopathology; behaviour; health.

Dean, Rebecca Miles (1988) Class and Family Structure: A Study of Child Nutritional Status in Four Urban Settlements in Amman, Jordan. Ph.D dissertation, Cornell University. Abstract: This study investigates the influence of two indirect determinants on child nutritional status: class and family structure. Class is defined by a worker's position in the social relations of production. A typology is developed based on two dimensions of class: job security and autonomy in the work place. Family structure refers to the way in which power and authority are distributed within the family. Two types of family structure are investigated: the nuclear family and the extended-family residential unit. Interaction hypotheses are introduced to investigate the extent to which the determinants of child nutritional status operate differently in households in the same class position, and whether they have a different influence on child growth in nuclear compared to extended-family residential units. The analysis is based on data.on approximately 630 children aged 0-3 years, and represents a portion of a larger survey that covered all 1341 households in four upgraded refugee squatter settlements at two points in time. The child's weight adjusted for age is used as the measure of nutritional status. The analysis is carried out using least squares regression. The expected interaction effects with class position were not significant for this population. However,. other things being equal, the children of workers with a high degree of autonomy in the work place had higher average weights for age than did the children of workers in most other class positions. The household incomes of this same group of workers were among the lowest. Children in extended-family residential units were shown to have lower weight for age on average than children in nuclear families, after controlling for other factors; the effect was more intense for girls. The role of the mother-in-law as a casual factor was explored, but results were inconclusive. In addition, the growth of girls was significantly lower than boys in crowded households. The analysis also yielded a significant interaction between household income and mother's education: at low income levels, mother's education makes no difference, at middle levels, the effect is significant, but at high levels, mother's education loses its importance. Keywords: education; UNRWA; houshold structure; refugee camps

Doren, Abraham and R.M. Kramer (1991) The Welfare State in Israel -- The Evolution of Social Security Policy and Practice. Boulder: Westview Press, 194 p. Abstract: This book contains a chapter entitled "Children's Allowances." It takes a look at the changes the children's

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allowances programme has undergone since 1959. The programme is claimed to have achieved universality, though setbacks did occur in the mid-1980s. The income inequality between large and small families was narrowed by way of high income supplementations for large families. The fact that the programme effectively excludes "a large segment of the Arab population " is seen as "controversial and disturbing." The exclusion is the result of a policy that requires recipients to have served in the armed forces. Due to " insufficient popular support in Israel" this policy is unlikely to change. Keywords: Israel; Children's Allowances programme

Dudin, A., Hadi, A., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Thalji, A. (1991) Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Volume Distribution Among Children Hospitalized for Non-hemorrhagic Accidental Pathology As Indicators of Anemia in a Defined population. Abstract: The study sample comprised 281 children between the ages of 6 months and 14 years who were admitted to Makased hospital for elective minor surgery or for non-hemorrhagic pathology between January of 1986 and June of 1989. The results showed that 53% of children under the age of three years were anemic (Hb Keywords: Israel; Makased; health; children; anemic.

Dudin, A., Ibrahim, H., Ahmad, H., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Thalji, A. (1991)

Thalassemia Trait Among Palestinians With Low Mev, Makased Islamic Charitable Hospital. Abstract: A sample of 200 adults and 400 children with low MCV was studied. 25.6% Of those were carriers of the Thalassemia trait. The authors conclude that the high prevalence ot the Thalassemia trait among the Palestinian population justifies the establishment of a screening and prevention program for thalassemia in the country. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; thalassemia; health; children.

Dudin, A., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Badawi, s., Da'na, N., Thalji, A., Harinoun, A. (1991)

ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group Distribution and Their Implication for Fetomaternal Incompatibility Among Palestinian Population. Abstract: The study population comprised two groups: 5,232 women selected at random from the Makased hospital outpatient obstetric clinic and 12,169 consecutive deliveries at Makased hospital. Among the first group and after approximation to the first percentile, the distribution of blood groups was as follows: A, 44.4%, B, 16.8%, o, 35.2%, AB, 6.6%. 89% were Rh positive and 11% were Rh negative. Among the second .group, 3,670 (30%) of the mothers had blood group 0 Rh positive and 1,530 of them gave birth to A or B infants. Thirty percent of these mothers were immune to the A and/or B antigens. Of 1,320 Rh negative mothers 727 gave birth to Rh positive infants. In total 0.3% of all mothers included in the study gave birth to infants with fetomaternal incompatibility. Although the extent of passive immunization of Rh negative mothers was not determined, the authors conclude that "the extent of precautions and the methodology of its use are still inappropriate". (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; obstetric clinics; deliveries; blood groups; infants; mothers; births; immunization.

Eastman, Kathleen Sampson (1988) "Child Welfare in Jordan: An Assessment" Monograph prepared by Prof. Eastman, Department of Sociology and

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Anthropology, New Mexico State University, New Mexico, USA, 12 p. Abstract: Role of Islam, pressures of rapid urbanization, role of orphanages. Keywords: Children; Demography; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

El-Teebi, A.J., El-Ebweini, S.M. (1987) Improving Antenatal Care and Institutional Delivery Coverage in the Gaza Strip, Presented to the WHO Training workshop on health services research in primary health care in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: A survey of 687 women giving birth in the Gaza Strip between April 21 and April 30 ot 1987 was carried out, investigating the knowledge, attitude and practices of the women in relation to antenatal care. Nineteen percent of the deliveries were at home, 50\ in hospital and 22\ in government or UNRWA clinics. Eighty-seven percent of the women received some kind of antenatal care, 65\ in UNRWA clinics, and 27\ in government clinics. Eighty-four percent of the mothers received antenatal care for the first time during their second trimester. The main reason given for non-attendance of antenatal care was "no time because of work with family". Fifty-five percent of the sampled women had no health insurance. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; UNRWA; health; mother and child health; antenatal care; women; deliveries; hospitals; clinics; health insurance.

Feiner, Harriet A., (1977) The Uprooted - The Collected Papers of Esther Appelberg,Child Welfare League of America. Abstract: Written between 1962 and 1974 the book consists of a compilled series of articles written by Dr. Esther Appleberg on child welfare in Israel. The articles reflect Dr. Appleberg's work as a social worker specifically in the area of child welfare. It therefore covers topics such as psychological needs, family, illnesses, treatment, foster parenting, social work education, etc. The book contains a section which discusses the holocaust and immigration and how these phenomena affected Jewish children. Keywords: Israel; Jewish; child welfare; social work.

Frank, M. et al. (1989) "Caring for Day Care: a Pilot Project." Child Welfare, 68(1):69-78. Abstract: Day care in Israel is not always of high quality, and the current forecast for upgrading the standards of the existing centers is bleak, due to economic and social factors that do not place high priority on quality infant care in group settings. The agency attempted, therefore, to develop a low-cost, efficient method of early intervention, wherein skilled social workers were hired, given special training, and worked alongside the caregivers of day care centers to help children and parents defined as at risk. This article describes the observations that were made and the interventions that were chosen. [UTlinc] Keywords: Israel; child welfare; day care; pilot project

Frihat, Hikmat Abul Karim, and Odeh A. Abu Snineh (1988) Child Health and Nutrition Al-Ahlia Publishers and Distributors, Amman. 240 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A study that focuses on the importance of child health care and his nutrition. Keywords: Children; Health Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

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Ghazwi, Fahmi - Steven L. Nock (1989) "Religion as a Mediating Force in the Effects of Modernization on Parent-Child Relations in Jordan". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1989, pp. 363-369. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Jordan; Children Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Gilkes, Julia (1992) "No Kindergarten or school today". Viva, United Nations Association International Service (UNAIS): pp. 8-9. Abstract: Julia a nursery educator, provides an insight into the reality of life in a Gaza refugee camp. Keywords: Gaza; Refugee Camps; Child Welfare. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Haidar, Aziz (1991) Social Welfare Services for Israel's Arab Population. Boulder: Westview Press, 175 p. Abstract: The chapter entitled "Social Welfare Services and the Needs of Arab Children in Israel" points out the scarcity of statistical data available on Arab children. In talking about the three areas of the eduacational system; the health system; and the welfare services of the National Insurance Institute, the Ministry of Labor and Welfare and voluntary organizations, the author differentiates between elementary services and special services. He concludes that services for Arab children are very limited and often unaccessible, leaving the children in distress. Keywords: Israel; Arab population; child welfare services; educational services; health services

Hajj, Muyassar Al- (1989) "A Comparative Study of Teachers' Evaluation in UNRWA Schools (Jordan) and in California Public Schools" Student Term Paper. 22 p. Abstract: Comparative study explaining the policies, criteria, procedures, designing evaluations and frequency towards improving teaching capability. Keywords: Jordan; Education; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1990) The National Health Program for Birth Spacing National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 34 p. Abstract: A report covering the situation of Jordan's population and the health services provided for them highlighting mother and child health services and birth control as a national population policy. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Child; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Safe Motherhood and Birth Spacing" A report prepared by Makram Ishaq and Abdul Rahim Al-Maaita for the National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 18 p. Abstract: A report on mother health care, birth control services, fertility and other mother health care related topics. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Public Health; Child. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "A study of the Effects of Kindergarten Education on the Comprehension of First Grade Pupils of Arabic Language, Reading and

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Writing" Internal report. n.p. (in Arabic) Abstract: Random sample case study from two UNRWA schools comparing pupils who have attended kindergarten and those who have not. Keywords: Children; UNRWA; Education. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "Identifying the Needs of Arabic Language and Islamic Education teachers in Al-Balqa Region: Analysis of Class Visit Reports" Internal Report, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (in Arabic). Abstract: Recommends changes to teaching techniques in reading, grammar, Islamic education, classes. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "Aggressive Behavior in Intermediate Stage Students" Internal Report, UNRWA Jordan Field Office (in Arabic). Abstract: Case study about various types of aggressive behavior of students, physical and verbal, assessing and identifying causes. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hijazi, Saad S. (1977) Child Growth and Nutrition in Jordan: A Study of Factors and Patterns Royal Scientific Society Press, Amman, Jordan. 292 p. Abstract: Cross-sectional study of and report on malnutrition, feed practices, and factors related to state of nutrition, identification of special problems, recommendations. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Health. Available froa: Royal Scientific society, Amman, Jordan.

Husseini, s., Karakashian, A., Khan, A.A. and McCarthy, B.J. (1987) The Risk Approach in Maternal and Child Health Care Applied to The Camp Refugee Population in the West Bank, Jordan, WHO, Regional Office for the Mediterranean. Abstract: The study covered the camp populations of the West Bank, and was aimed at answering three main questions: what are the main trends in infant mortality in relation to birth weight; which subsections of the population have a high risk of infant mortality, and how does this relate to the provision of services by UNRWA. The method used was reviewing ante-natal records between January of 1980 and June of 198212, each case was followed up for a minimum period of one year. Infant mortality for this population was investigated in relation to 30 biological and socioeconomic variables, and the statistical results were presented in some detail in relation to some of these variables. For example, the overall infant mortality rate for a total of 6,364 births was 33.5 deaths/1000 live births. This analysis was followed up by the random selection of a sample of infant deaths which were investigated in an attempt to identify any deficiencies in the services provided. The main inadequacies identified included the following: for antenatal clinics: inadequate record keeping for proper patient management; nreliable determination of hemoglobin levels using the outdated Talquist nethod and lack of proper referrals for high risk pregnancies. for the delivery system: an inappropriate willingness of camp birth attendants handle difficult deliveries at home, failure to refer high risk women to hospital for birth, lack of coordination between health centers and hospitals, accessibility of hospitals to residents of remote areas, lack of facilities in hospitals for

9

management of neonatal problems, and lack of skill and knowledge the hospital level. - for the child care clinics: inadequate record keeping leading to misclassification of high risk infants and early introduction of bottle milk. In the discussion, the paper compares infant mortality in different birth weight groups with the risks for the same groups in the USA. A curious finding was that low birth weight infants in the West Bank were apparently less likely to die than their American counterparts. The report gests that this result may indicate that there is a substantial high risk sub-population in the camps which does not receive UNRWA services and which herefore, unknown to UNRWA. Finally a series of recommendations are made to improve the both the services provided and the monitoring system used by UNRWA. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Jordan; refugee camp; UNRWA; health; mother and child health; infant mortality; infant deaths; births; birth weight; antenatal clinics; delivery system; neonatal problems; hospitals; child care clinics; deliveries at home.

Jaffe, Eliezer D., (1982) Child Welfare in Israel, Praeger, New York, 1982. Abstract: The book contains chapters written by various authors on the topic of child welfare in Israel. An historical overview of child welfare is presented relating to the Jewish population from the early years before the formation of the state of Israel to more recent times. It includes discussions of ethnicity, ethnic conflict and demography relating to child care in Israel. In the area of the provision of various types of day care services, financing, staff training and programmes available are also presented. one chapter deals with family income maintenance which includes national social insurance programmes such as child allowances, matermity grants and allowances, etc. It is argued that Israeli child welfare has deep roots in Jewish religious, historical and communal experiences and cultural diversity which characterizes the Jewish people. The book concludes that defense planning and foreign policy have little meaning without a healthy, educated Israeli citizenry. Keywords: Israel; child care; child welfare; day care services; social insurance.

Kamal, M.S., Blum, M., Robert, J. (1987) The Prevalence of Smoking Among Preparatory and Secondary School Children in the Ramallah Area, A paper presented to the WHO health service research workshop. Abstract: A survey of school children in three villages near Ramallah studied smoking prevalence by age in school children. Seven hundred and eighty-three school children were surveyed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; Health; School children; smoking.

Kashti, Yitzhak and M. Arieli. Eds. (1986) People in Institutions: The Israeli Scene. London: Freund, 256 p. Abstract: The collection contains articles on factors of socialization in the kibbutz; problems in rehabilitating disattached youths in residential centers; a case study of pre-school residential care; the Foster Family Home, which consists of a natural family that may accept up to 16 children for care and receive financial aid from the government for each child; institutional care of the physically handicapped; and student self­governance in youth villages. Keywords: Israel; institutions; residential care; socialization

10

Khalaf, F. (1985) Evaluation of the Program for Selection of High Risk Children and Pregnant Women in Five UNRWA Clinics in the West Bank, MSc Dissertation, Institute ot Child Health, University of London. Abstract: An evaluation of "at-risk" selection procedures in five West Bank refugee camps was conducted. Main causes of referral were failure to gain weight, diarrhea and low birth weight. All referrals were from UNRWA clinics, 81% by the staff nurse. The report examines the referral process and makes a series of recommendations including: continuing in servicetraining including physicians, improved home vis-ning programs, more breast feeding promotion, review of the UNRWA policy of giving powdered milk at 6 months or below, development of low birth weight prevention programs, creation of a referral system for high risk pregnant women for consultation with obstetricians and introduction of a family planning policy. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; clinics; pregnant women; UNRWA; refugee camps; health; mother and child health; infant mortality; infant deaths; births; birth weight; family planning.

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Goldberg, J. and Shawa, R. (1984) Child Health Services in Gaza - An Experiment in Integration, World Federation of Public Health Associations News (vol unknown). Abstract: Presented to the Fourth International Congress of World Federation of Public Health Associations, February 1984. An improvement in child health in Gaza in the late 1970'S and early 1980'S is attributed to improvements in government services, with particular emphasis on the "creation" of a pediatric hospital in Gaza. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; mother and child health; pediatric hospital.

Mann, J., Mahmoud, w., Ernest, M., Sagan-Cohen, H., Shoshan, N., Gedalia, 1. (1990)

Fluorosis and Dental Caries in 6-8 Year old Children in a 5 PPM Fluoride Area. Abstract: The report describes a survey of 1he degree of Fluorosis in the Gaza Strip where a moderate degree of fluorosis was discovered in the temporary dentition of children. The report notes 25% fluorosis in permanent dentition. The report discusses possible reasons for the high prevalence of fluorosis in the permanent dentition of the population in the area. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; children; fluorisis; dental care.

Muheisen, A. (1987) A Study of Neonatal Hypothermia Admitted to Ramallah Hospital During Wmter 1986-87 and Planning of Health Education Program in the West Bank. Abstract: A questionnaire was given to mothers of 35 neonates who reported to the hospital and to a control group matched for gender, residence and place of delivery. Using the chi-square test there was a significant correlation between risk of neonatal hypothermia and prematurity, low birth weight, availability of electricity in the household, availability of hot water, swaddling, household size, birth order and failure to measure temperature. Sixty-two percent of the hypothermic neonates had pneumonia, 21% had septicemia, 7% had meningitis, 3% had urinary tract infection and 3% had tetanus. When asked why they had delayed taking their children to hospitals, 40% of the mothers said they had already been to a physician, and 77% said they did not know that their child was ill. Thirteen hypothermic children died, 11 had one or more infections, 8 had

11

thrombocytopenia, 4 acidosis, 2 R.D.S., 2 marasmus and two had hypoglycemia. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; mother and child health; neonates; child delivery; hypothermia; birth weight; infections; tetanus; children; hospitals.

Nahas, H. (1987) Delivery and Outcome of Pregnancy who Come to Deliver at Ramallah Hospital Without any Previous Booking at Any Ante-natal care Clinic During 1987. Abstract: A total of 704 patients were interviewed, of whom 13\ had not attended any ante-natal clinic. Sixteen percent of infants were born with a weight of under 2.5 Kg. Of patients using ante-natal care, 28% used government MCH services and 32% used private clinic services. The author argues for the need for a better referral mechanism. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; health; mpther and child health; ante-natal care; ante-natal clinic; infants; birth weight; private clinics.

Neipris, Joseph (1981) Social Welfare and Social Services in Israel: Policies, Programs and Current Issues. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 165 p. Abstract: This book contains a chapter entitled "Services for Children and Youth." It discusses the changing role of Youth Aliyah, founded to take care of immigrant youth, as more and more children in their care are native born. Trade training has been introduced as well as supplementary education for children from low­income families. other voluntary organizations have developed in areas where government programmes are perceived to be inadequate. Some 18\ of all 13-17 year-olds are being educated in institutions away from home. In 1975 some 23,000 children were placed in the over 450 day care centres in Israel. Information is also provided on adoption, abortion, juvenile delinquency, prostitution and drug abuse. Keywords: Israel; child welfare; government and private sector services; youth programme policies

Nimir, Issam and Aziz Samarah (1990) Child, Family, and Society Dar Al-Fikr Printers, Publishers and Distributors, Amman. 168 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: Information covering the relation between the child, his family, and his society to be used by parents and teachers. Keywords: Children; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, amman, Jordan.

Nixon, Anne Elizabeth (1990) The Status of Palestinian Children During the Uprising in the Occupied Territories Study prepared by Radda Barnen, Swedish Save the Children funded by The Ford Foundation, Volume 2 - Collective Punishments. 347 p. Abstract: Descriptions and analysis of harassment, including obstruction of medical and health care, education, curfews, sieges, etc., including appendices. Keywords: Children; Intifida; Human Rights. Available from: Save the Children Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nixon, Anne Elizabeth (1990) The Status of Palestinian Children During the Uprising in the Occupied Territories, Part I - Child Death and Injury; Volume 1 - A

12

Chronology Study prepared by Radda Barnen, Swedish Save the Children funded by The Ford Foundation. 291 p. Abstract: Chronology of child death and injury by type and age December 1987 to December 1989 with statistics and summary analysis including separate volume, 368 pages, of appendices. Keywords: Children; Intifida; Human Rights. Available from: Save the Children Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nixon, Anne Elizabeth (1991) The Status of Palestinian Children During the Uprising in the Occupied Territories: Excepted Summary Material Study prepared by Radda Banner, Swedish Save the Children funded by The Ford Foundation. 63 p. Abstract: General introduction to 3 additional volumes, describing child death, injury and collective punishments, with fact sheets and case studies. Keywords: Children; Intifida; Human Rights. Available from: Save the Children Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Obeid, Y., Acker, c., Ateeq, o., Abu Dahou, J. (1987) School Health Screening of School Children Aged 6 -12 Years and Evaluation of the Present School Health Srstem, Paper presented to the WHO health services research workshop, June 1987. Abstract: One thousand and ninety-four school children in the 6 and 12 year age groups were screened in localities in Ramallah and Hebron. The following are the results: * 6.1% needed eye glasses. * 1. 4% had diseased eyes. * 14% had blocked ears and 2 .1% had perforated tympanic membranes. * 6.7% had blood in urine. * 1% had undescended testicles. * 2.6% had blood in stools. * 15.4% had one or more type of intestinal parasites. The authors conclude by criticizing the current school health system. The efficacy of current screening examinations is questionable as only about two minutes are given for each student. A medical history cannot be taken from a six year old child. There is no follow-up mechanism. A new system is suggested which would include screening follow-up and health education. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; Hebron; school children; health; mother and child health; school health system; parasites; health education.

Odeh, J. (1988) Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: The Influence of Certain Factors, including the Practice of Swaddling. A Study in the Village of Biddu, MSC Dissertation, London University. Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of 256 children under the age of three years was carried out in the village of Biddu in 1988. A highly significant correlation between swaddling and the presence of hip disorders was found. The prevalence of dislocated hips in swaddled children (n=157) was 10% as compared to 3% in non-swaddled children. The effect was even more pronounced when the duration of swaddling was taken into account. Twenty-eight percent of the children who were swaddled for more than 150 days had hip disorders. The author recommends that a health education program discouraging swaddling be established in the village. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Village of Biddu; swaddling; swaddled children; health; mother and child health; health education program.

Odeh, M. (1983) Evaluation of Special Care of "At Risk" Children in the UNRWA Clinics in the West Bank, MSc thesis, Institute of Child Health,

13

London University. Abstract: A similar study to that of Khalaf (1985) is described, covering nine West Bank refugee camps. Findings and recommendations are similar although mothers and staff knowledge was not as good in this study. 46.7% of children admitted had never been visited at home. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; refugee camps; health; mother and child health; children.

Palestine Refugees Today, UNRWA Newsletter, No. 113, pp. 4-5. Nutrition Status Improved (1986)

Abstract: A Survey of refugee children in Gaza and West Bank shows that nutrition status improved among children since the last survey of 1978. Keywords: Child Welfare; Refugees; Pal. Refugee Camps of West Bank; Gaza Strip. Available from: UNRWA Headquarters in Jerusalem.

Palestinian Center for the Study of Non-Violence Children of the Stones Palestinian Center for the Study of Non-Violence, Jerusalem. Abstract: A study of the children of Palestine and their confrontation with the Israelis their sufferings and their rights to be protected. Keywords: Children; Palestine; Israel. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Powell, David (1990) "Immunization on the Move" Middle East Health, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1990, pp. 13-14. Abstract: Keywords: Public Health; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Quaryoty, Mohammad Q. Ahmad Al- (1989) "Prospects for Privatisation in Jordan" Journal of Arab Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 159-190. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rapaport, Chanan, et al., (1976) Early Child Care in Israel, Gordon and Breach, New York. Abstract: The authors attempt to show how a national effort in Israel has been directed toward the care of all children and the large numbers of immigrant families during various historical eras. Such efforts have been made in parallel with internal sessions created by ethnic, religious and cultural barriers inside Israel. It is concluded that only a small percentage of the national child population of Israel are reared in the kibbutzim. On the other hand, for about 50% of the child population of Israel little information is available specifically regarding "special" children from ethnic and religious minorities, institutionalized children and orphans. A deficiency in research programming at a national scale seems to be congruent with the absence of a type of policy planning in Israel for children of a longitudinal kind. Keywords: Israel; child welfare; child care; children.

Rizkallah, N. (1991) Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in a Refugee Camp of the West Bank, Birzeit University Community Health Unit.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of Al-Jalazon Refugee camp children and to investigate the factors which affect the nutritional status of these children. The following are the main findings: Thirty-two percent of the children suffered from stunting; Eighteen percent suffered from wasting; The prevalence rate of anemia was 18.8%; The prevalence rate of anemia was higher among girls than among boys and was not affected by the wealth of families. The prevalence of wasting and stunting varied with the wealth of the families. Children of poorer families had a prevalence of wasting of 42.5%; Filty-two percent of the stunted children did not consume animal protein on a regular basis. The wealth of the families also affected the type of diet which the children consumed. The educational level of the parents affected the nutritional status of their children. The prevalence of wasting and stunting was not affected by the frequency of eating at the UNRWA supplementary feeding center in the camp. However, poorer children utilized the center more than rich children. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence of wasting and mothers' awareness of the nutritional status of their children. The mothers of 71.2% of the wasted children and of 84.1% of the stunted children were not aware of their children's health status. The author concludes that children were entering school with a poor nutritional status and that no adequate interventions were applied to improve the nutritional status of children of school age. The following recommendations are made: Development of a regular monitoring system as a part of the school clinic records; Development of nutrition education curricula; Provision of meals at schools for elementary school children; Reintroduction of the UNRWA supplementary feeding program. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinian Refugees; West Bank; refugee children; nutritional staus; anemia; UNRWA; school age; anemic; diet; nutrition; malnutrition; children; feeding program.

Samani, Dr. El Fatieh El-"Trip Report to Iraq for the Period 21-29 March 1991" Report for the Ministry of Health, Communicable Disease Control Centre, Jordan. 12 p. Abstract: Visit to Baghdad and South West Iraq to provide support to epidemics, containment efforts, describes conditions found, occurrences of disease, malnutrition, need for drugs, medical/pharmaceutical supplies. 12 p. Keywords: Children; Health. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Save the Children Foundation, Jordan (1992) "Model and Achievements of the Primary Health Extension Program for Children and Mothers in Rural and Urban Jordan" Monograph. 9 p. Abstract: Description of model and implementation strategy to train health scouts and public health educators for home health visits, attendants and follow-up to pregnancies focusing on the Bani Hamida tribe of Jordan. Keywords: Children; Health; Jordan. Available froa: Save the Children Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Save the Children Health Team: Dr. Maha Abbas Shadid, Dr. Maisoun Nasr Daoud and Dr. Sahar Izat Yahia (n.d.)

A Practical Experiment in Training Health Consultants: Implications and Methods Health Project Program in the local society of save the Children/Jordan in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and

15

financed by u.s. International Development Agency. 367 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A study that includes information of all health and medical fields helpful for bedouin and rural women, written in two volumes, completed in 1991. Keywords: Children; Health; Jordan Available from: Save the Children Foundation, Amman.

Sawalha, Leah Frances (1991) An Educa~ional Approach ~o ~he Presumed Increase of Nu~ri~ion Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Young Women and Children in Jordan Thesis for Master's Degree of Public Health Nursing, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, 291 p. Abstract: Identifies causes of nutritional iron deficiency within the population for which data is available, role of increased poverty and indigenous dietary practices identified, education and implementation program included. Keywords: Public Health; Jordan; Women. Available from: Leah Sawalha, Amman, Jordan.

Shami, Seteny (1990) Child Care and The Family in ~he Con~ex~ of Urban Developmen~ Projec~: A Case S~udy from Squa~~er Areas in Amman, Jordan Centre for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of Anthropology and Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University. Abstract: Examination of effects of upgrading projects on social relations and the long term effect of physical and social changes on the child. Social burdens of women. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Infrastructure. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Smilansky, M. et al. (1960) Child and You~h Welfare in Israel. Jerusalem: Henrietta Szold Foundation for Child and Youth Welfare, 334 p. Abstract: All aspects of child welfare are described: health, nutrition, education, recreation, vocational guidance, preventive child care, institutional and foster care, day care, treatment of the handicapped and delinquent, legislation, staff training. The predominance of institutional over foster care is emphasised. Preventive work to avoid placement is increasing. Basic statistics are appended, and functions of governmental, local and voluntary welfare agencies defined. [R. Dinnage] Keywords: Israel; child welfare

Smith, c. September (1991). Socioeconomic S~a~us, Drug U~iliza~ion and Effec~iveness for Helmin~hiases in a Pales~inian Refugee Camp in ~he Gaza S~rip. Abstract: A survey was conducted of helminthiases in a Gaza Strip refugee camp comprising 447 children aged 1-120 months. Children of white collar workers were more likely to have been treated for helminthiases during the six months preceding the study than children of blue collar workers (40\ vs. 22\). Children of white collar workers had a lower prevalence rate and mean intensity of infection for both trichuriasis and ascariasis than children of blue collar workers. However, children for whom treatment was reported within the last 6 months did not have a lower prevalence or intensity of either infection than children who were reported as never treated. The report concludes that the lower prevalence and intensity of helminthiases cannot be attributed to differences in

16

medicine use, and that there is strong evidence of inappropriate use of anti-helminth medicines. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; health; health care; children; blue collar workers; white collar workers; helminthiasis; epidemics; infectious disease.

Spender, Stephen. (1969) Learning Laughter. New York: Greenwood Press, 201 p. Abstract: This is an account of a journey to and around Israel in 1952 with a focus on the works of Youth Aliyah. It takes a rather romantic view of the task of educating Jewish children from around the world to become responsible citizens of one country. The author sees the biggest challenge in finding a common cultural and political denominator for Oriental and European Jews to create a basic unity. Another goal is "peace and co-operation with the Arabs," although this is expressed to be the most difficult to attain. Keywords: Israel; children (Jewish); post-war immigration

Sundsvold, E. (1989) Possible Preventive Strategies For Adoption in the West Bank, MSc Thesis in Dental Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of London. Abstract: An oral health survey was conducted in the West Bank during 1986-1987. Based on the results of the survey, some preventative strategies are suggested. The feasibility of applying dental caries prevention in the West Bank is discussed in light of the general health conditions, health awareness of the population, sanitation, health services provision and the structure of the health care system in the West Bank. A sample of 314 patients attending the UPMRC mobile dental unit in nine communities was selected. The survey was conducted using the WHO oral health and treatment manual ( 1977). A high incidence of dental caries was observed. The DMFT index for children under six years of age was 5.392, for children aged 6-14 years, it was 3.52 and for the age group of 15-18 years H was 7.422. Among patients aged less than 36 years, most of the oral defects were untreated. The D component was 5.314 for the under sixes, 3.266 for the age group of 6-14 years and 2. 810 for the age group of 15-18 years. Ninety-eight percent of the surveyed patients required periodontal treatment. Eighteen percent of the sample had some form of dentofacial anomalies and 76.4% of the sampled patients did not receive any form of dental care during the 12 months which preceded the survey. The author concludes that the general dental awareness of the population was very low. Considering the general conditions in the area, a large increase in the number of highly trained personnel is not feasible. What is suggested instead is that dental health promotion be incorporated with general health care provision by training ancillary personnel and developing dental health education curricula for school children. (HDIPJ Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; dental health; caries; preventable disease; children.

Toubasi, N., Shunnar, A., Abdul Jabbar, s., Abu Munshar, J. (1987) Improving Attendant and Delivery Coverage in the West Bank Abstract: A questionnaire was administered to women registered as giving birth in the Hebron and Nablus areas between March 3 and March 20 of 1987. Fifty-one percent of deliveries were in institutions and 49% were at home. Fifty-two percent of the women had some kind of ante-natal care. There was a significant correlation between fathers' and mothers' education and ante-natal care utilization. Forty-two percent of the mothers got ante-natal

17

care at private clinics and 34% used government MCH centers. Twenty-four percent of the mothers had health insurance. Nevertheless, 32% of insured mothers opted for home delivery. Mothers who had received ante-natal care were more likely to have had an institutional delivery than those who had not received ante-natal care. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Hebron; Nablus; health; mother and child health; birth; ante-natal care; private clinics; health insurance; institutional delivery.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) The Health of the Mother and Child Population A paper prepared by Makram Nisheiwat, Adbul Rahim Jala and Najwa Khori and presented to the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 139 p. Abstract: A study of mother and child health care in Jordan regarding deaths, diseases, nutrition and child feeding and other related topics, health education for mothers. Keywords: Health; Jordan; Children; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF (1990) Child Care in Islam Booklet published by UNICEF, Yangon, Myanmar, 12 p. Abstract: Islamic interpretation of child care, including role of parents and nutrition. Keywords: Islam; Children; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Assignment Children (ed.) (1984) Going to Scale: For Child Survival and Development. UNICEF, Assignment Children Publication 65/68. Abstract: Journal of essays pertaining to children, women and youth on the subject of expanding child survival, guide to action, communication methodology and case studies, annotated bibliography. Keywords: Health; Children. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

UNICEF, Cairo (1985) "Child Care in Islam" A report of a working group (translated from Arabic into English by Ahmed Tawfiq, Maissa Hamed) established by UNICEF on behalf of Al­Imam Al-Akbar, 101 p. Abstract: An Islamic interpretation of the state of the child and rights of the child, child survival and development, nutrition and its impact on physical and mental health, child rearing in Islam, and personal and environmental hygiene. Keywords: Children; Islam; Human Rights. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1989) "The Situation of Palestinian Children and Women in Jordan" Monograph, internal report prepared for UNICEF, Jordan office, 24 p. Abstract: Description of the subject group, Jordanian national context, statistics on population density, disease, labour force, health, sanitation, and UNICEF'S possible role. Keywords: Children; Women; health; Jordan; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992a)

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"Working Paper on the Environment and Children in Jordan" Paper prepared by Hussein Shakhatrah and Hussein Khandak for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan, 28 p. Abstract: Paper identifies government and private sectors involved in environmental protection, the legislative environment, and the influence of home, school and public environment on children; obstacles and problems for future strategies. Keywords: Children; Environment; Jordan; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992b) Mo~her and Child in Jordan: A Newsle~~er Abou~ Human Developmen~ Issues Rami G. Khouri and Cosima Hadidi (eds.), Al-Kutba Publishers for UNICEF, Jordan (quarterly). Abstract: Newsletter covering infant and child health, education, maternal health, nutrition, children's rights, demographics, and health services. Keywords: Children; Health; Women; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan Country Program (1990) The Jordanian Child Jordan Country Program, Amman, Jordan. 24 p. Abstract: Status of children's health in terms of health care delivery system, environment, infant and child mortality/morbidity, education and disease, including the female child. Keywords: Jordan; Children; Health. Available from: UNICEF, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office (1991) Pro~ec:~ing Children a~ Risk: Jordan and ~he Impac:~ of ~he Gulf Crisis UNICEF, Amman, Jordan 19 p. Abstract: A survey covering the impact of the Gulf Crisis on children with regards to nutrition, basic health care, basic education, and the consequences on economy. Keywords: Health; Education; Jordan; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1985) Si~ua~ion Analysis of Women and Children in ~he Hashemi~e Kingdom of Jordan A report for submission to the 1989 Executive Board, Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 35 p. Abstract: A study of the general conditions of children and women in Jordan with a projection of their health problems, infant and child deaths and their causes, breast-feeding, malnutrition, health services provided for mothers and infants, human resource development plans, with statistics. Keywords: Children; Demography; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office and the Ministry of Health, Jordan (1988) Primary Heal~h Care Coverage in Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan, 26 p. Abstract: A study that covers basic information of health at the national level, field study at the intermediate level, field study of mother, primary health care services, health education and training and recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Education.

19

Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan in cooperation with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Children with Special Needs in Jordan: Reality and Prospects" A working paper prepared by Abdullah Al-Khatib for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 23 p. Abstract: A working paper that covers children's physical and mental disabilities and homeless, related legislation with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Children; Demography; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Middle East and North Africa Field Office (1991) The Children of Jordan Against the Storm UNICEF, Middle East and North Africa Field Office, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 18 p. Abstract: A booklet covering problems related to family income change as a result of the Gulf War in 1991 and their impact on children. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Regional Office for Middle East and North Africa (1990) sex Difference in Child Survival and Development

UNRWA

UNICEF Evaluation Series, No. 6. Abstract: Development of useful measures to measure sex differences, to identify neglect, identified means and measures to describe stages of growth and recommends indicators. Keywords: Children; Gender; Health. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, J~rdan.

Report of the UNRWA Nutrition Survey of Palestinian Refugees in· Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank, 1990. . Abstract: The survey assessed the general nutrition status of children, the iron nutritional status of child and pregnant women. The survey selected camps and samples from each camp in the five studied areas (Gaza, West Bank, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan. All charts, tables and results are illustrated in the report. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinian); Health Care; refugees-nutrition. Available from: Center for Engineering and Planning (CEP) Ramallah, West Bank.

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Transitional Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training: September 1988 - December 1989 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED/WP-4 Suppl.) n.p. Abstract: Plan of action for the period to provide improved educational opportunities to Palestinian refugees, curriculum enrichment, etc., with target dates for each task. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d.) "Education statistics 1991/1992, UNRWA - Jordan Field Office" Information sheet. Abstract: Pupils and teachers by gender, statistics and school buildings. Keywords: Education; Children; UNRWA; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

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UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d) "Agency School Education Program in Jordan Briefing Paper, December 1991" UNRWA, Department of Education, Jordan. 3 p. Abstract: Covers critical curricula, school administration, teacher training, school buildings, teaching materials. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

WHO/UNRWA Review Team (1986) Review of Primary Health Care in Palestinian Refugee Camps Under UNRWA. The West Bank Field Report, WHO, Geneva. Abstractz An evaluation of UNRWA health services which was conducted in 1986 is described. Field work was conducted at the field office, three health centers and at the household level in five refugee camps. Based on the field work, and existing supporting data, a set of recommendations are made in the fields of planning, policy, resource development, information collection and the PHC program itself. Concerning UNRWA general policy it Ts stressed that while PHC should rely on active community involvement, such initiatives from UNRWA have usually been perceived as implying recognition of a permanent refugee status and as being an attempt to disengage UNRWA from its commitments. As a result, UNRWA policy is presented as being limited to providing basic health services and the refugee community is being presented as the obstacle to community participation. The second limitation noted is financial in nature. Within these two constraints UNRWA services are generally presented in a positive light, with a detailed series of proposals for improvement including: managerial training at the health center level, utilization of existing health information in management, expansion of manpower, delegation of responsibility to nurses to lighten Medical Officers' workload, development of a community health team, renegotiating the referral systems to hospitals, agradual but real" involvement of the population in PHC, increasing budget, delegating more authority from Vienna to Field Health Officers, systematizing supervision procedures, decentralizing planning to the health center level, increasing the number of health centers, developing school health education, expanding referral of high risk pregnancies to hospitals, investigating demand for family planning services and delegating clinical ORS administration to nurses. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; refugee camps; health; health care; hospitals; hospital care; manpower; health centres; health education; family planning; preventative services; budgeting; refugee community.

Zurayk, Huda (n.d.) "A Framework of Ideas for Development of a Research Agenda for the Working Group in Reproduction Health" Monograph: First meeting of the Working Groups Program of Research and Technical Consultation in Child Health and Reproduction Health, Cairo, April 26-28, 1988. 30 p. Program initiated by Population Council Regional Office for North Africa and Western Asia in September 1987. Abstract: Comments, suggestions and framework to help conceptualize and choice of issues to base work on identifying reproduction health problems in the region. Keywords: Health; Arab States; Women. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

21

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY II - DEVELOPMEHT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE -

Abdul Hadi, Asaad (1981) "The Palestinian Labour Class: A Discussion of Two Case Studies of Maslah and Jafal" Palestinian Affairs, No. 125 (in Arabic), pp. 122-128. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Palestine; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation (1987) Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation: Objectives and Achievements Information booklet. 39 p. Abstract: Description of the foundation, its objectives, organizational structure, funding, support of education and research and its publishing activities. Keywords: Jordan; Education (universities); Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abdul Naq, A., Al Amiry, s., Haifa, s., Nasser, s., Scott, A. and Taraki, L. (1989)

Housing Requirements in the Future Independent Palestinian State, A Study submitted to the United Nations Centre for Human settlements (UNCHS/HABITAT), August, 1989. Abstract: The report addresses the housing situation in general and the issue of resettling residents of refugee camps into the new Palestinian society as well as absorbing returning refugees from host countries. The report considers the current housing and living conditions of the Palestinian people under military occupation and makes projections of future needs and requirements mainly in the area of housing. Keywords: housing; refugees (Palestinian)

Abdulhadi, R.S. (1991) Prospects for Sustained Economic Development in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Construction and Housing. A study prepared for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Abstract: This study presents a description of the historical development of the construction and housing sector in the occupied Palestinian Territory and evaluates the present status of the sector with the aim of providing the information necessary for its future development. The study addresses the issue of refugee camps and future prospects for incorporating them within the national housing strategy. Keywords: Palestine; housing; refugee camps; infrastructure

Abed, George T. (1988) The Palestinian Economy: Studies in Development Under Prolonged Occupation. Routledge, London, 358 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Social Development; Palestine; West Bank; Jordan; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abu Ajmiah, Yusra (1982) Palestinian Bibliography - All that is published by Arabs in Palestine: 1948-1980 Jordanian Library Association, Amman (in Arabic) Abstract: Simple bibliographical references pertaining extension range of social, religious, public health, scientific publications in Palestine. Keywords: Education; Law; Public Health.

1

Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation Library, Amman, Jordan.

Abu Amer, Ziad (1989) "An Overview of Social Conditions in the Refugee Camps". Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 149-151. Abstract: A short paper on the conditions of life in refugee camps particularly during Intifada; impacts of curfews on the residents nutrition. Keywords: Social Conditions; Refugees-Collective Punishment; Palestinian Refugees. Available from: Arab Studies society, Jerusalem.

Abu Helwa, Mussallam Fayiz Mussallam (1990) An Investigation of Palestinian Refugees and their Housing in Amman, Jordan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southampton, U.K. Abstract: Available from UMI in association with the British Library. Jordan's capital city, Amman, has a population of three quarters of a million people, many of whom originated from Palestine. 13 percent of these inhabitants are mainly the poorer ones, who still live in refugee camps situated on the perimeter of the central-city area. Another 14 percent live in crowded slum and squatter areas mainly located near the camps. Much the rapid growth of Amman in recent decades has resulted from its continuing attractiveness, as a result of job opportunities and cheap accommodation it has been able to offer the refugees. Part one of this study deals with the camps and the Palestinian refugee population. Part two and three investigates the demographic, socio­economic and housing characteristics of refugee camps. Keywords: housing; UNRWA; refugees (Palestinian); demographic

Abu Hijleh, Abdul Muttalib Faris Studies in Occupied Territories' Economics Jordan Central Bank, Research and Studies Department, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 26 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economics; Jordan; Palestine; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abu-Kamesh Ibrahim (1981) "Al-Tarkeeb Al-Tabaqi Fi Al-Diffah Wal Qita, 1948-1967". [The Class Structure of the West Bank and Gaza between the Years 1948-1967]. Zahra Center for Research and Studies, Jerusalem. Abstract: Structure of the West Bank and Gaza between the years 1948-1967". The study is 145 pages, the refugees as a social stratum mention in the third chapter. Keywords: West Bank; Gaza Strip; Class-Structure; Social Stratum; Refugees (Palestinian). Available from: Zahra Center for Research and Studies, Jerusalem.

Abu Shokor, A. (1987) Social Structure and Income Distribution Pattern in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Najah National University, Nablus, (Arabic). Abstract: This study analyzes income distribution among different social groups in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip with emphasis on personal income and assesses the difference in income level between different social groups. Keywords: Refugees-Resettlement; Gaza Refugee Camps; Camps-Housing. Available from: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.

Abu-Ajamieh, Mohammad •• [et al] (1988) Natural Resources in Jordan; Inventory - Evaluation - Development

2

Program Natural Resources Authority, Amman, 1988. Abstract: An overall long-term plan for the development of natural resources including energy resources, metallic and non-metallic raw materials, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Economic Development Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Ahmad, Ahmad Qassem El- (1984) Relationships between Jordanian Businessmen and Foreign Corporations within the Framework of Joint Ventures. Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan, 163 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Economic Development; Social Development Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Ahmad, Issam (1988) "The Conditions of the Jordanian Labour Union Movement and Its Current Duties" Modern Jordan, No. 11, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic),· pp. 55-72. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Akhras, Mahmud El- (1972) Palestine-Jordan Bibliography 1900-1970 Jordan Library Association, Amman (in Arabic). Abstract: A bibliography of Palestinian and Jordanian authors. Keywords: Jordan; Palestine Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Qutub Ishaq (1989) "The Challenge for Urban Development Policies". The case of Refugee Camp - Cities in the Middle East. Journal of Arab Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 2: 207-228. Abstract: The article studies the problem of policy formulation in relation to the urban-type refugee camps and its impact on the development of Urban Centers in the host countries. The article includes Palestinian Refugees in West Bank, Gaza, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinian); Refugees Urban Planning; Pal. Refugee Camps. Available from: Truman Institute for Peace Studies_, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.

Al-Bastami, Maha (1985) "Al-tabaqa al-amila al-filastiniyya: nashatuha wa tatawwuruha" (Palestinian Working Class: Growth and Development). PLO samed Economic Studies Series, No. 8. Amman: Dar al-Karmil, 70 p. Keywords: human resources; education; economic development

Al-Husari, Ruba (1991) "Workers of the Gaza Strip Sell and Buy in the Slave Market." [In Arabic], Majallat al-Dirasat al-Filisiniyya, No. 6, (Spring), pp. 245-51. Keywords: manpower; human rights; refugees (Palestinian); Gaza

Alawneh, Atef Kamal (1989) "The Economic Effects of Intifida on the Palestinian and Israeli Economy" International Policy, No. 98 (in Arabic), pp. 58-74. Abstract:

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Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Altalib, Hisham (1991) Training Guide for Islamic Workers The International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations and The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia, USA. 397 P• Abstract: Explains the functions of leadership, skill enhancement and self-development, training for trainers, and use of youth camps in the Islamic context. Keywords: Vocational training; Human resources; Education. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Amun, Hasan and Adnan Abed Elrazik (1977) Palestinian Arabs in Israel: Two Case Studies Ithaca, London, U.K., 120 p. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Economy; Education Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

An Examination of the Detention of Human Rights Workers and Lawyers from the West Bank and Gaza and Conditions of Detention at Ketziot (1988)

Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, New York, U.S.A., 122 p. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Palestine Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Antoun, Richard and Iliya Harik (1972) Rural Politics and Social Change in the Middle East Indiana University Press, USA. 498 p. Abstract: Challenges to the fulfillment of national goals in the rural sector viewed in terms of village organization, the family, local political process, trade, mobility and social stratification by case study. Keywords: Arab States; Political Infrastructure.

Arab Institute for Training and Research Studies (1985) Demographic Characteristics of the Palestinian People Al-Nidal Publications, Beirut, Lebanon (in Arabic), 693 p. Abstract: A study of the Arab population of Palestine and the demographic changes that took place in Palestine as a result of occupation with statistics of the economic, social, demographic and migration variables. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Demography; Education. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Arab Workers in Israeli Institutions (1983) Al-Katib, Vol. 4, No. 33 (in Arabic), pp. 55-60. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Law. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Association of Muslim Social Scientists and the International Institute of Islamic Thought (1990)

Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework, papers presented at the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics held at Washington, D.C., USA, December 22-23, 1990. Association of Muslim social Scientists and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, n.p. Abstract: Papers cover Islamic approach to economics, profit-

4

sharing in an interest-free economy, financial intermediaries, interest rates and usury, investment, resource allocation and mobilization. Keywords: Economy; Islam; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Awartani, Hisham (1979) A Survey of Industries in the West Bank and Gaza. Birzeit, West Bank: Birzeit University Publication. Keywords: employment; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

Ayal, E.B. (1983) "Arab Labour in Palestine and Beyond within a Two-Sector Development Model". Middle East Review, Vol. 15, (spring-summer), pp. 53-61. Keywords: human resources; education; Palestinian; Israel

Ayed, Khalid (1988) "Intifida In Its Third Month: Development and Primary Lessons" Palestinian Studies Foundation Bulletin, Volume 15, No. 2 (in Arabic), pp. 87-93. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bader, Adel Fahmi (1990) Arab Development in Theory and Practice with a Study of the Situation of Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as an Arab Union Council Country Egyptian Universities House, Cairo, Egypt (in Arabic), 457 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bahiri, Simcha (1987) Industrialization in the West Bank and Gaza Boulder, Col: Westview, 92 p. Abstract: This study reviews post-industrial development and the state of existing industry in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and assesses the potential for industrial development over the decade 1987-97, in the light of various political-economic scenarios. Since 1967 industry in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has been stagnant. The main barrier to industrial development is said to be the occupation which ensures not only Israel's military security but also its economic security. The study posits three political scenarios for the 1987-97 decade: a conservative scenario or the status quo; a reformist scenario: continued occupation but with "liberal" economic and political policies; and a radical scenario: the end of occupation and creation of a separate Palestinian entity. Rapid industrial development and major improvements in the quality of the life are only likely in the event of the last scenario coming into being. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: employment; industrial development; economic security

Baxter, Diane B. (1991) Living the Uprising: Palestinian Lives During the Intifad, Ph.D dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. Abstract: This dissertation researches the lives of West Bank Palestinians during the Intifada (the uprising) which began in December, 1987. While a vast literature exists on many aspects of uprisings, how individuals cope with, manage, and experience such a tumultuous event has been little examined. This study attempts

5

to begin to redress this lack. Field work in the West Bank was undertaken in 1988-1989 and the standard anthropological research methods of field work, participant-observation, and formal and informal interviews were utilized. Yet, the research also indicates that while there were individual differences in response to the uprising and a variety of methods for coping with this situation of extreme stress, the vast majority of Palestinians embraced an ideology which glorified and idealized the Intifada. This Intifada ideology provided people with a culturally-constituted coping strategy, in large part, by imbuing the sacrifices, suffering, and hardships. Keywords: anthropology; cultural; Middle East

Begin, Ze'ev B. (1991) "The Likud Vision For Israel at Peace" Foreign Affairs, Fall 1991. pp. 21-35. Abstract: Israel Likud interpretation of U.N. Resolutions 242 and 338. Keywords: Israel; United Nations; West Bank.

Ben-Der, Gabriel (1976) The Palestinians and the Middle East Conflict: Studies in the History, Sociology and Politics Proceeding of an International Conference held at The Institute for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Haifa, Israel, 1976. Turthedore Publishing, Ramat Gam, Israel. 575 p. Abstract: Papers by individual contributors cover political, economic, social, educational, issues with general bibliography. Keywords: Palestinians; Economics; Social Development.

Ben-Shahar, Haim (1971) Economic Structure and Development Prospect of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Rand Report, R-839-FF. Santa Monica, CA: Rand. Keywords: economic development; human resources; Palestinian; Israel

Benvenisiti, Meron (1986) Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Developments in the West Bank. Jerusalem: American Enterprise Institute. Keywords: economic development; human resources; demography

Benvenisiti, Meron (1987) The West Bank Data Base 1987 Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Developments in the West Bank. Boulder, Col: Westview, 94 p. Keywords: demography; economic development; human rights

Benvenisiti, Meron (1985) The West Bank Data Project: A Survey of Israel's Policies. Jerusalem: American Enterprise Institute, 97 p. Keywords: refugee-displaced persons (1967,1973); West Bank; Israel; Gaza; Jerusalem; law; economy; human rights; demography; settlement-resettlement

Bergman, A. (1976) Economic Growth in the Administered Areas, 1968-1973. Jerusalem: Research Department of Bank of Israel. Keywords: refugee (Palestinian); economy; human resources; West Bank; Gaza; Israel

Betz, Don (1989)

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The Intifida, The United Nations and the Non-Governmental Organizations ICCP, Geneva, Switzerland, 42 p. Abstract: Keywords: Intifida; Palestine; Self-Determination Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Brand, Laurie A. (1988) Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and The Search for State Columbia University Press, New York, USA. 286 p. Abstract: Political development is described by case studies of Jordan and Kuwait, dealing with education, oppression and denial of identity. Keywords: Palestinians; Arab States; Self-determination.

Bull, Vivian A. (1975) The West Bank - Is It Viable? Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 75 p. Abstract: This book attempts to determine whether the West Bank is economically viable. To demonstrate Israel's contributions to the development of the West Bank, the author adopts Rostow's "stages of development" and examines the behaviour and attitudes to work of the Palestinians both prior to and after Israel's occupation in 1967. According to the author, Israel has had to deal with workers who are "unstable and sometimes untrainable" members of the labour force. She suggests these workers have "ingrained attitudes of distaste" for manual labour and prefer "classical education and white-collar employment." The author suggests that Israel has made the West Bank economy viable by industrializing it and "integrating" it into its own modern market. This has been done by flooding the West Bank markets with Israeli commodities and by providing employment opportunities to a traditional unemployed work force. Israel also initiated policies, such as that of "open bridges," which benefited both the West Bankers and Israelis and enhanced the level of economic integration between the two regions. Although economic integration between the West Bank and Israel was achieved, this success is offset by political factors because West Bankers retain their political allegiances to the Arabs in general and to Jordan in particular. In consequence: "Federation with Israel may work economically, but it will not work politically. Federation with Jordan may work politically, but will not work economically. Of the three possible settlements, there is only one that can be considered both economically and politically feasible: a Palestinian region." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: employment; human resources; West Bank; refugees; economy

Burrell, A. (1986) Agricultural Policy in Jordan. Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan, 156 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bustami, Mah Palestinian Working Class: Origins and Development Al-Karmel Publication and Distribution House, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 70 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Economics. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

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Cainkor, Louise (1991) Gulf War Aftermath Human Rights Research and Education Foundation: Chicago, USA. 16 P• Abstract: Bibliography of works pertaining to Jordan and the Gulf war. Keywords: Jordan; Kuwait; returnees. Available from: Human Rights Research and Education Foundation, Chicago, USA.

Center for Engineering and Planning (1992) Master Planning the State of Palestine: Suggested Guidelines for Comprehensive Development Abstract: This study, intended as a preliminary presentation to be updated from time to time, represents a blueprint for the social and economic development of the proposed Palestinian State announced by the Palestine National Council in November 1988. It argues that the long years of occupation by Israel have created obvious adverse physical, political, economic, social and cultural effects whose reversal will require an urgent and radical transformation of Palestinian society. The speed and extent of such a transformation depends on the settling, timing, content and method of the national reconstruction and development program which needs to be planned and developed immediately i~ order to be ready for implementation by the State of Palestine upon independence. The study attempts to put together in a single volume general profiles of the major socio-economic sectors and broad guidelines for a suggested future development, the sectoral profiles and suggested guidelines focus on those productive and services sectors which have spatial and regional sensitivity and are believed to have a more tangible and direct impact on the practical aspects of Palestinian reconstruction and development, particularly in the immediate post-independence years and during the interim period. These sectors include land, population, water resources, agriculture, industry, tourism, housing, transportation and communications, public utilities, health and education. Keywords: state of Palestine; social and economic development; infrastructure

Cheal, Bery (1988) "Refugees in the Gaza Strip, December 1948 to May 1950". Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol 18, No.1: 138-158. Abstract: The writer gives all figures and locations of Palestinian Refugees, sources of relief, social & welfare services, vocational training. Keywords: Gaza refugees; Arab-resettlement; Available from: Truman Institute for Peace, Hebrew University of Mt. Scopus - Jerusalem.

Christian Science Monitor, May 26, 1992 Headline: Permanent Homes for Palestinian Refugees Abstract: Joel Bainerman discusses the emphasis which the current round of Middle East peace negotiators have placed on the issue of the resettlement of Palestinian refugees. The negotiators have proposed the creation of a new Palestinian state rather than trying to settle the right of return insisted upon by Palestinians who originally resided in Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Keywords: Middle East, Israeli Occupied Territories, Peace Negotiations, Palestinians, Refugees, Territorial Issues.

Christian Science Monitor, Sept 17, 1991 Headline: "Palestinian In Flux puts Jordan to Test"

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Abstract: The cr~s~s precipitated by the huge influx of Palestinian refugees of the Persian Gulf war into Jordan is examined. Keywords: Social Conditions and Trends, Economic conditions and Forecasts, Refugees, Palestinians, Arabs, Jordan.

Cohen, A. (1983) "Industry in the West Bank 1960-80)." New Outlook, 26 (May), pp. 33-40. Abstract: This article discusses the factors affecting industrial development in the West Bank from 1968 to 1980 and analyses the reaction of the west Bank economy to the challenges and difficulties posed by its encounter with Israel. Tables: enterprises by number of employees (1980); income by subdivision of industry (1969-80); GDP in the West Bank by industry (1980); import of equipment to the West Bank (1971-80); export of industrial products from the West Bank (1968-80) Keywords: West Bank; refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; human resources; Jordan

Daghestani, Fakhruddin, Ruhi Sharif and Daud Jabaji (1983) Building Codes and Specifications for the Arab World. Macmillan, London, 261 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Dajani, A.T. (1985) Jordan: A Base for Regional Enterprises M.I.O.T., Amman, Jordan, 62 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Education; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Database Project on Palestinian Human Rights (1988) Uprising in Palestine: The First Year. December 9, 1987 through December 8, 1988 Database Project on Palestinian Human Rights, Palestine Human Rights Information Centre, Jerusalem, 466 p. Abstract: Provides data on a range of subjects including violation of human rights, deaths by cause, injuries, economic problems, harassment. Keywords: Human Rights; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Database Project on Palestinian Human Rights Joint Project by the Palestinian Human Rights Information Centre, Arab Studies Society in Jerusalem and the Human Rights Research and Education Foundation Human Rights Research and Education Foundation, Chicago, USA. Abstract: The Database Project collects systematic, accurate and verifiable information on violations on Palestinian human rights under Israeli rule, issues monthly reports and special reports. Keywords: Database; Palestinians; Human Rights. Available froa: Human Rights Research and Education Foundation, Chicago, USA.

Database Project on Palestinian Human Rights (1989) A collection of Data Base Project Documentation on Violations of the Human Rights of Palestinian Children During the Uprising - December 8, 1987 through September 18, 1989. Palestine Human Rights Information Centre/Arab Studies Society,

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Jerusalem. 98 p. Abstract: Report of the data base project which includes deaths and injuries to children in which violation of human rights is clear; Israeli justice, children, school and education, statistics and case studies. Keywords: Children; Intifida; Human Rights. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Dhiab, Misbah Asaad (1988) "A Guide to Jordanian Rules and Laws" Lawyers Union, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 407 p. Abstract: A guide book covering laws and regulations related to national security, personal affairs, Occupied Lands affairs, business, orphans and other topics. Keywords: Jordan; Law; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan •.

Dhib, Farajallah Saleh and Nabila Bseir (1981) The Arab Woman and Production: The Palestinian Woman as An Example Dar Al Hadatha, Beirut (in Arabic), 64 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine, Women. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Dodd, Peter and Halim Barakat (1968) River Without Bridges. A Study of the Exodus of the 1967 of Palestinian Arab Refugees Monograph Series, No. 10. Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut, Lebanon. 64 p. Abstract: Results of interviews of refugees residing in Jordan, including family separation and subsequent communication and return. Keywords: Palestinian Refugees; Family Reunification; Jordan. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Dodd, Peter and Halim Barakat (1970) "Palestinian Refugees of 1967: A Sociological Study". The Muslim World, No. 60. Abstract: The study elaborates on the socio-economic sta~us, level of education, land and home ownership of Palestinian Refugees of West Bank that left to Jordan during the 1967 war. Individuals were interviewed to give the study some personal perspe.ctives. Keywords: Refugees-Palestinian; Refugees-Education. Available from: Al-Haq Library, Ramallah, West Bank.

Duaik, Issam (1989) "Mukhayam Shufat Uwajeh Masa'eb Adidah". Al-USbou' Al-Jadid, [Shufat camp faces many difficulties], No. 15: pp. 30-31. Abstract: A two page article describing the difficult living conditions in the camp of Shufat in East Jerusalem such as water problems and hygiene. Keywords: East Jerusalem; UNRWA services; Refugees; Refugee Camp. Available from: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Eisenstaedt, M. (1968) Middle East Development: Some Current Economic Problems. Jerusalem: Harry S. Truman Center for the Advancement of Peace, Hebrew

u n i v e r s i t y , 1 6 p Abstract: This volume contains the five major lectures delivered at a seminar on development for the advancement of Middle East nations, which was organized by the Truman Center of the Hebrew University in

10

Jerusalem in March 1968. The most pertinent paper, "Water - A Lever for development in the Middle East," argues that the development of water resources offers the region "a very important means for agricultural and economic advancement." While the development of water resources may create grounds for "sharp disputes" over water rights, it might also bring about a measure of regional co-operation and set the scene for joint projects. Another paper dealing with changes and developments in agriculture, concludes that "in the race between population increase and agricultural production, over­reliance on horizontal development (expansion of cultivated areas) in agriculture has proven inefficient." The author therefore contends that raising the standard of living of a rapidly increasing population will depend on structural changes in the agricultural sector, on more specialization in crops in which the Middle East has a comparative advantage, and on improving production methods to increase yields. Any meaningful progress towards increasing productivity will require the allocation of greater resources for research and development and for the establishment of agricultural schools, model farms, and advisory centres. "Success in spreading advanced production methods depends vitally on the creation of a suitable institutional and organizational framework." The reader is led to conclude that co-operation at the regional level will greatly enhance agricultural productivity, but may not have a positive

e f f e c t o n s e c u r i n g t h e f o o d supply of the region. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991) Keywords: agriculture; industry; production; vocational training

El Najjar, Hassan Ali (1988) Effects of Planned Change on Social Organization: A Case Study of a Palestinian Refugee Camp HDeir El Balah, Gaza strip,H MA Thesis, University of Georfia Abstract: This thesis investigates the relationship between emigration and higher education. It reveals that emigration is more highly correlated with higher education than with any other investigated factors. This correlation is seen as a result of a long-term planned change program, designed and implemented by the United Nations (UNRWA) to solve the Palestinian refugee problem. The program achieved some success in the 1960's and the 1970's, but it has proved to be a failure in the 1980's. The thesis also analyzes the socio-political effects of the UNRWA program. It concludes that the solution for the refugee problem can be attained through comprehensive economic planning, and that a Palestinian state is the only authority that can achieve such a solution. Keywords: refugee camps; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; education; emigration

Elrazik, Adnan, Abed (1978) "Problems of Palestinians in Israel: Land, Work, education," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol 7, (Spring), pp. 31-54. Keywords: manpower; human resources; education; demography

ESCWA (1992) "Mass Movement of Labour and Population in the Arab World: Problems and Suggested Solutions" Monograph, report prepared by Tayseer Abdel Jaber for UNESCWA, Amman, Jordan, 10 p. Abstract: Describes conflict- and market-related movements, resulting problems, special situation of Jordan, and suggests solutions. Keywords: Economy; Jordan; Arab States; Demography. Available from: UNESCWA, Amman, Jordan.

11

Fanek, Fahed (1986) Insights into Jordan's Economy. Fahed Fanek, Amman, Jordan, 112 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Farah, T. (1983) "Arab Labour Migration: Arab Migrants in Kuwait." In Sociology of Developing Societies: The Middle East. New York: Monthly Review Press. Keywords: Arab migrants (Palestinian); human resources;

Flesisher, H. (1979) "The Arab Worker in Israel." ALLO-CIO American Federationist, 6 (June). Keywords: Israel; refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources

Gabriel, s. and Sabatello, E. F. (1986) "Palestinian Migration from the West Bank and Gaza: Economic and Demographic Analysis." Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 34, 2 (January); pp. 245-262. Keywords: refugee (Palestinian); Israel; demography; West Bank; Gaza Strip; economy; settlement-resettlement

Gabriel, Judith (1988) "The Economic Side of the Intifida". Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 198-213. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Gabriel, s. and Levy, D. (1988) "Expectations, Information, Migration: The case of the West Bank and Gaza." Applied Economics, 20 (January). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; human resources

General Union of Voluntary Services (1987) A Guide to Charitable Societies in the East and West Banks General Union of Voluntary Services, Social and Research Studies Center, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 680 p. Abstract: A guide book that provides information about charitable societies and institutions, local and foreign organizations in Jordan providing social services, location and the type of service offered. Keywords: Jordan; Palestine; Social Development. Available froa: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Gharaibeh, Fawzi A. (1985) The Economics of the West Bank and Gaza Strip Westview, London, U.K., 182 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Gaza; West Bank Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Gharailbah, Fawzi (1985) The Economies of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Boulder, Col: Westview, 182 p. Abstract: This study examines the performance of the economies of the west Bank and Gaza since the Israeli occupation of these territories in 1967. The author observes that the immediate effect

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of the 1967 war was a considerable curtailment of economic activity in the territories, mainly because of the emigration of skilled manpower and the loss of income hitherto generated from tourism, employment by the Jordanian civil administration, and servicing of the United Nations and Egyptian forces stationed in the territories. The medium and long-run effects, however, were determined by economic links to Israel. The territories acted as a "satellite" economy, providing markets for goods from and labour for the larger and more industrially advanced Israeli economy. The situation was exacerbated because the population in the territories did not participate in the formulation of economic and social policies for the territories, thus making economic growth in them entirely dependent on Israeli policies. The author concludes that future economic conditions in the territory will be largely moulded by political developments, the most promising of which is the "autonomy scenario" which would require capital and co-operation from the Arab countries if it is to succeed. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: economy; human resources; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian); United Nations General Assembly; Arab States; refugees-displaced persons (1967-); Egypt; Jordan

Giacaman, Rita (1989) Towards the Formulation of a Rehabilitation Policy: Disability in the West Bank Monograph, Community Health Unit, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, 48 p. Abstract: Describes the nature of the disabilities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the institutions available to cater to these needs; numbers, profiles, level and type of rehabilitation needed. Keywords: Health; Palestinians, west Bank. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Government of Jordan (1972) National Planning Council - Three Year Development Plan 1973-1975 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. n.p. Abstract: Plan includes chapters on strategy, framework, agriculture, irrigation, industry and m1.n1.ng, tourism and antiquities, energy, transportation, communications,· trade, education and youth, housing, social welfare, manpower and employment. Keywords: Jordan; Economy; Social Infrastructure. Available froa: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Gubser, Peter ( 19 7 9 .) West Bank and Gaza Economic and Social Development: Now and the Future. Washington: Middle East Institute. Keywords: economic development; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

Hadawi, Sami (1970) Village Statistics 1945: A Classification of Land and Area Ownership in Palestine Research Centre, Palestine Liberation Organization, Beirut, Lebanon, 178 p. Abstract: Provides statistical tables showing land ownership and classification by sub-district as it existed during the period of the Mandate. Keywords: Palestine; Jews in Arab Lands. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

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Haidar, Aziz (1985) Vocational Education in the Arab Sector in Israel, Tel Aviv: HaMerkaz HaBenleumi. Keywords: human resources; education; refugees (Palestinian);

Haj, Majid Al- (1988) "The Arab Internal Refugees in Israel: The Emergence of a Minority within the Minority". Immigrants and Minority, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 149-165. Abstract: Keywords: Refugees; Israel; Palestine. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Occupied Territories Affairs Ministry of Occupied Land Affairs, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 127 p. Abstract: Information book on the Ministry, conditions in the West Bank, Israeli violations, and the situation of refugees in the West and East Bank and Gaza Strip. Keywords: Palestine; Human Rights; Jordan; Refugees. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan A Study of the Conditions of Women Working in Factories in the City of Amman Jordanian Social Services Office, Research and Studies Unit, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 64 p. Abstract: Keywords: Vocational Training; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1970) The Seven Year Program for Economic Development of Jordan 1964-1970 The Jordan Development Board, Amman, Jordan, 360 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Education; Health; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1982) A Study of Employment Opportunities for Urban Women in the Governorate of Irbid, in the Municipality of Jerash social Development Department, Society of Development Center, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 160 p. Abstract: Keywords: Society; Jordan; Women. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1985) Labour Force Development in the Occupied Territories A study prepared by the Jordanian Palestinian Joint Committee, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 157 p. Abstract: A study that covers the structure of the labour force, population, rates of participation and unemployment, wages, labour unions, and the situation of Arabs working with Israel. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

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Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1986) Health and Population In Squatter Areas of Amman: A Reassessment After Four Years of Upgrading A report prepared by Hisham El-Zagha and Laila Bisharat for Urban Development Department, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and the Environment, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, (in Arabic) 94 p. Abstract: Introduction to urban development in Amman, the objectives; demographic, social and economic characteristics, mother-child care and health. Keywords: Social Development; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1987) The Unemployment Problem in Jordan: Characteristics and Prospects. Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan, 169 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Economy. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1987) Tenth Annual Report Housing Bank, Amman, Jordan, 136 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) A Study of the Problem of Beggars and the Homeless in Jordan Ministry of Social Development, Department of Planning, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 139 p. Abstract: 624 cases of Jordanian homeless and some recommendations for laws to deal with this problem, with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) A Study of Poverty in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan A study prepared by Mohammad Al-Suqour, Issa Ibrahim, and Fathi Al­Nsour, for the Ministry of Social Development (in Arabic), 215 p. Abstract: A survey of Jordanian families, their income, economic inflation, with statistics. Keywords: Demography; social Development; Jordan. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) Statistical Yearbook Department of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, (bilingual, English and Arabic), annual, 509 p. Abstract: A statistical yearbook of Jordan's population, labour and wages rates, agriculture, education, health, finance, etc. Keywords: Demography, Jordan, Health, Education. Available froa: Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) "A Survey of Unemployment in Jordan" A survey prepared by Research Department, Ministry of Labour (in Arabic), 39 p. Abstract: A survey presenting kinds of unemployment, unemployment rates from 1981 until 1989 by sectors, sex, qualifications, and jobs available. Keywords: Jordan; Economic Development; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

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Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1990) Social Development An annual report prepared by the Ministry of Labour and Social Development, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 165 p. Abstract: A report projecting the role of the Ministry in Jordan, social programs and services, child welfare, social development, rehabilitation of the disabled, with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Children; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Life Conditions of Returnees and Their Approach Towards Investment in Jordan A study prepared by Hussein Shakhatreh and Victor Billeh for the National Center for Educational Research and Development, Part 3, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 47 p. Abstract: A study covering statistical data about returnees with regards to family size, employed persons, living expenses per month, basic problems facing them and other issues. Keywords: Jordan; Economics; Education. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) An Analytical Study of the Professional and Social Conditions of Jordanian Returnees A study prepared by Hussein Shakhatreh and Victor Billeh for the National Center for Educational Research and Development, Part 2, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic). Abstract: Statistical data related to the living conditions of returnees, age structures, students by sex, age, grade and other topics. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Children; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) A Study of the Social and Economic Conditions of Jordanian Returnees A study conducted by the National Center for Educational Research and Development: Part one, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 60 p. Abstract: A statistical study of Jordanian returnees according to their family size, education, vocational education, economic and social conditions. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Vocation Training; Returnees; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) The Financial Burden of the Jordanian Returnees on the Economy Preliminary report by the Ministry of Planning, Amman, Jordan, 24 p. Abstract: A report covering the socio-economic characteristics of Jordanian returnees and their financial and job creation requirements, and estimation of costs per capital with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Economic Infrastructure; Demography; Returnees. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) Social Development in Jordan Monograph prepared by Musa Al-Shtawi, National Centre for Educational Research and Development (NCERD), Publications Series, No. 9, 24 P• Abstract: Identifies measures of social development, application to Jordan, importance of social development in Jordan, recommends

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research agenda. Keywords: Social Development; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (n.d.) Summary of the Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development 1981-1985. Department of Planning, Amman, Jordan, 112 p. Abstract: Keywords: Social Development; Economic Development; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Royal Scientific Society (1989)

Investment Project Profiles with Special Emphasis on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Report prepared by Ali Ghazawi, Amir Bakir, Abdul Rahman Qatarneh, Mohammad Sahawneh and Alsharif A. Alluhaymaq for the Economic Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan, 211 p. Abstract: Examination by industrial sector of demand and supply factors in Jordan and investment project profiles; characteristics of the Jordanian economy and investment. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan; Economy. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hassan Bin Talal, Crown Prince of Jordan (1981) Palestinian Self-Determination. A Study of the West Bank and Gaza Strip Quartet Books for Hassan Bin Talal, Crown Prince of Jordan. 200 p. Abstract: Material included is directed towards achieving justice as a pre-condition towards achieving peace, with historical and legal analysis. Keywords: Palestinians; Peace; Human.Rights. Available froa: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Hazaimeh, Refai Al- (1983) Income Tax Release in Jordan Self-published book (in Arabic), 215 p. Abstract: A book covering taxation problems and their effects on Jordanian economy, and a review of Jordanian laws regarding taxation for individuals, companies and organizations. Keywords: Economy; Jordan; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Heller, Mark (1980) "Political and Social Change in the West Bank since 1967." In Palestinian Society and Politics, pp. 185-211. Edited by Joel s. Migdal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 291 p. Abstract: Heller's article discusses economic developments on the West Bank since 1967. Like most studies on this subject, this one concentrates on the agrarian sector and labour migration. The author believes the West Bank's agricultural sector has been developed under Israel and has received a further boost under the Open Bridges policy which permitted trade between the West Bank the East Bank. On the Palestinian labour migration to Israel, Heller says: "Like the open bridges,' the movement of the West Bank workers to Israel was a spontaneous development - an unanticipated solution to the problem of the West Bank unemployment, which subsequently received official endorsement and encouragement." Heller's article also dwells on the question of social and cultural changes during the occupation. The

17

author suggests that Israel has introduced new and modern norms and attitudes to a basically traditional society leading to the emergence of the new elite and a new life style among Palestinians. However, unlike other modernization adherents, notably Vivian Bull, Heller argues that because of the political-national issues in the Occupied Territories, an "unequivocal and uniform modernization of political-cultural values has not come about." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: Gaza; West Bank; human resources; employment

Helwa, Mussalam Fayiz Mussallam Abu - (1990) An Investigation of Palestinian Refugees and Their Housing in Amman, Jordan Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton, Faculty of Science. 399 p. Abstract: General description of Palestinian refugees population of Amman, demographic, socio-economic and housing characteristics in three central city camps, by questionnaire survey. Keywords: Demography; UNRWA; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hilal, Jamil (1974) Al-Daffa al-Gharbiyya: al-tarkib al-ijtima, iwa-al- iqtisadi, 1948-74 {The West Bank: Social and Economic Structure, 1948-74]. Beirut: PLO Research Center, 302 p. Abstract: This study investigates the social and economic transformations that the West Bank underwent between 1948 and 1974 under Jordanian rule then Israeli occupation. The author maintains that the economic climate did not improve under Jordanian rule partly because Jordanian's economic policies were not conductive to it and partly because of the dearth of capital after an estimated JD 20 million of "bourgeois capital" flew to Amman for safe investment. In consequence 80 percent of the labour force remained in the relatively unproductive agricultural and small services sectors. Israeli occupation made the West Bank economy completely subservient to Israel's economic interests because Israeli policies undermined the West Bank's infant industrial sector and led to "large-scale" mechanized agriculture that depends on the Israeli technology and markets left one-third of the West Bank workforce unemployed and forced to work as cheap labour in Israel. The author concludes that it was the weakening of the West Bank economy under Jordanian rule that "made its control and manipulation by the Israeli authorities so effective and detrimental." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: economic transformations; agriculture; industry; demographic; occupation;

Hill, A.G. (1983) The Palestinian population in the Middle East. Population and Development Review 9,2:293-316. Abstract: Available demographic information on the Palestinian population since 1925 is reviewed, including the West Bank and Gaza populations. Keywords: Palestinian population; Demography; West Bank; Gaza Strip

Hiltermann, Josst R. (1986) Israel's Deportation Policy in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Report commissioned by A1-Haq, Al-Haq - Law in the Service of Man, West Bank affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists, 110 P· Abstract: Provides an historical background, laws applied and by-laws passed, defence regulations, military orders, deportations in international law and conventions, deportation procedures, timing and targeting.

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Keywords: Human Rights; Palestine; West Bank. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Hilterman, J. R. (1989) "Workers' Rights During the Uprising." Journal of Palestine Studies, 19 (1). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; self-government; West Bank; Gaza; human resources; economy; Intifada

Hull, J. (1990) "No Palestinians Need Apply: Unable to Stop a Surge in Violence, Shamir Clamps Down on Workers from the Occupied Territories." Time (Can Ed), 23 (136), (November 26), pp. 32. Keywords: Israel; human rights; refugees (Palestinian); settlement­resettlement

Jordan, Ministry of Planning. (1986) Five-Year Plan for Economic & Social Development, 1986-1990. Amman: The Ministry of Planning, 547 p. Keywords: economic development; human resources; Palestinian

Kahan, David (1988) Agriculture and Water Resources in the West Bank and Gaza (1967-1987). Boulder, Col: Westview, 181 p. Abstract: This study, a part of the West Bank Data Base Project, deals with the changes in the agricultural and water resources over two decades (1967-87) in the West Bank and Gaza. Divided into three parts - the pre-1967 agricultural sector, post-1967 agricultural development, and agriculture in the Israeli settlement - the book traces the changes that have occurred and highlights areas of conflict between the Palestinian and Israeli sectors. It is suggested that physical as well as socio-economic obstacles impeded agricultural development before 1967. The past two decades (1967-87) can be broken down into an initial period of rapid change (up to 1975-6), a time of more modest development (up to 1980-1), and recession (up to 1985-6), with growth actually declining. The author argues that the close links between the territories and Israel, although at times a positive factor, have also had detrimental impacts, arising from the state of the Israeli economy and the policy of the Israeli authorities. He points out that "the policy of Israeli authorities has been to discourage Palestinians from establishing groups and mobilizing themselves into a force wielding sufficient political power to influence decision," even thought attaining a political "voice" is especially important in Israel, "where a strong farm lobby influences the formulation of agricultural economic policy." The author concludes that current policy towards the agricultural sector "is not altogether comprehensible, and, in many respect, is contradictory." To ensure consistency, he maintains that "integration between the Israeli and Palestinian sectors is required in the planning of agriculture and water resources development." However, he asserts that "these economic issues can only be addressed if the political future of the territories is determined. The inability to find and answer to these issues is the ultimate dilemma facing the authorities. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: productivity; agricultural development; economic growth; settlement

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Ibrahim, Issa Abdul Fattah Allawzi, Abdul Rahman Al Qatarneh and Tayel Al Hajji

A Study of the Situation and Future of the Jordanian Labour Market Vol. 1: The Situation of the Jordanian Labour Market, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 501 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

International Development Refugee Foundation (IDRF) (1991) Papers Presented at International Seminar on Islamic Approach to Empowerment and Development, Toronto, Canada, June 20-21, 1991 Sponsored by IDRF, n.p. Abstract: Covers development of community-based initiatives for development, distinguishing development from charity, includes fundraising, volunteers, from the Islamic perspective. Keywords: Economic Development; Social Development; .Islam. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories Collective Punishment in the West Bank and The Gaza Strip B'Tselem - The Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, 90 p. Abstract: Covers collective punishment and international law, types of punishment and juridical review, harassment. Keywords: Social Development; West Bank; Palestinians. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories The System of Taxation in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip As An Instrument for the Enforcement of Authority During the Uprising B'Tselem - The Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, 104p. Abstract: Covers changes in local tax laws, Israeli taxes, West Bank and Gaza taxes, sources of revenues to support the Territories' budget, taxation methods during the uprising, conditioning and illegal actions. Keywords: Economic Infrastructure; West Bank; Palestinians. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studi~s, Amman, Jordan.

Itayem, Mahmoud Ahmad (1991) "Executive Summary of Background Paper on PALlS Project" Monograph prepared for Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan. 5 p. Abstract: Brief description of the project to develop largest universal bibliographic data base with all aspects of Palestine, including the study itself, support, manpower, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to its use. Keywords: Palestine; Data Base. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Itayem, Mahmoud Ahmad (1991) PALIS: Palestine Information System Project Background Paper Monograph prepared for Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan. 65 p. Abstract: Detailed description of the project to develop largest universal bibliographic data base with all aspects of Palestine, its supporting institutes and data base information by field, including supporting computer software and hardware. Keywords: Palestine; Data Base.

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Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Itayem, Mahmoud Ahmad (1991) "Executive Summary of Background Paper on PALIS Project" Monograph prepared for Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan. 5 p. Abstract: Brief description of the project to develop largest universal bibliographic data base with all aspects of Palestine, including the study itself, support, manpower, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to its use. Keywords: Palestine; Data Base. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jaber, Hisham (1989) "Housing Conditions in the Refugee Camps of the West Bank". Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 2, No: 1, pp. 75-84. Abstract: Recommended to go through all the Journal be it a Special Issue on the Refugees and Non-Refugees in the West Bank and Gaza. This paper looks into the housing conditions of Palestinian refugees from the Arab-Israeli Conflict of 1948 in general, ·and in particular of those who live in camps in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Keywords: Housing; Refugee Camps; Refugees of West Bank; East Jerusalem Camps. Available froa: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Jabr, Aziz (1988) "The Latest Developments in the Internal Affairs and Foreign Relations of Israel and the Occupied Territories" The Earth, Volume 15, No. 11 (in Arabic), pp. 11-35. Abstract: Keywords: Economics; Israel; Palestine. Available froa: Abdul Hameed.Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jaloudi, Jamil Al- (1991) The Relationship Between Unemployment and Wage Rates in_Jordan: 1981-1989 Muota for Research and Studies, Humanistic and Social Sciences Series, Volume 6, No. 3 (in Arabic), pp. 159-170. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jamal, Ali Hilal Ahmad Al- (1988) "Jordanian Emigration and unemployment Trends" Labor, Volume II, No. 41, (in Arabic), pp. 24-32. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jnidi, Salim Al- (1988) Arab Labour Movement in Palestine Dar Al Jaleel for Publication, Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 179 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jordan National Geographic Center, Amman Amman Development 1946-1981 Jordan National Geographic Center, Amman, Directorate of Military Survey, 1983. Abstract: A map showing the stages of development in Jordan during

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1946-1981. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Kanaan, Sharif (1976) Channels of Communication and Mutual Images Between the West Bank and Areas in Israel Birzeit University Press, Birzeit, 20 p. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Palestine Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Kandiyoti, Deniz (ed.) (1991) Women, Islam and the State Temple University Press, Philadelphia, USA. 276 p. Abstract: Examination, through individual papers, by country, on the role of the modern Arab state in relationships between Islam and nationalism and the position of women, their rights, politics, and family. Keywords: Women; Islam; Human Rights.

Karmoul, A. J. (1987) Competitiveness of Jordan's Manufacturing Industry Arab Consult Center, Amman, 1987. Abstract: A review of Jordan's economy and Industry, and their major characteristics. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Khader, Bishara (1990) "Jordan's Economy, 1952-1989: Past Achievements and Future Challenges". Journal of Arab Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 84-108. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Khalidi, Raja The Arab Economy in Israel: The Dynamics of a Region's Development Croom Helm, London, U.K., 248 p. Abstract: Provides definition of the Arab region, reviews agricultural sector, Arab labour in Israel, industry and commerce and the future role of Arab economy in Israel. Keywords: Economy; Israel; Arabs. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Khalidi, Rashid and Camille Mansour (1982) Palestine and the Gulf Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut, Lebanon, 347 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Khalidi, Walid and Jill Khadduri (1974) Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: An Annotated Bibliography Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut and University of Kuwait, Kuwait. 736 p. Abstract: Wide range of subjects includes social, economic and political activities of Palestinians, international involvement in the conflict, and related Jordanian policy. Keywords: Palestinians; Economic; Social Development.

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Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Khasawneh, Saleh (1989) "Women in the Jordanian Job Market" Development, No. 191, (in Arabic), pp. 46-53. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Khasawneh, Saleh, Mahmoud Fedhil Al-Tal (1989) Studies and Research in Demographic Issues Ministry of Labour and Social Development, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 262 p. Abstract: Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Khouri, Riad Al- (1990) "The Regulatory and Policy Framework for Exports in Jordan - A Survey and Proposal for Change" Monograph prepared for the meeting of Consultative Group on Exports, an informal group of Jordanians facing problems, seeking solutions. Abstract: Provides overview, in point form, of laws, policies, regulations, checklists pertaining to export trade and evolving purpose of the group. Keywords: Jordan; Economy. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

King Hussein I of Jordan Address by H.H. King Hussein I to the Nation, Wednesday 19 February 1986. Wednesday 19 February 1986. Official translation. Ministry of Information, Jordan. 86 p. Abstract: covering the history of the relationship between the Government of Jordan and the P.L.O. and the establishment of the PLO-PNC in amman, November 1984 and unsuccessful peace efforts of January 1986. Keywords: Palestine Liberation Organization; Jordan; Pe~ce.

Kleiman, Ephraim (1980) "The Economic Viability of an Arab-Palestinian Entity." Australian Outlook, 34, December, pp. 315-24. Keywords: Palestinian; West Bank; Gaza; economic development

Kokali, Nabil (1990) "The Effects of the Gulf Crisis on the Palestinian Economy" Palestinian Affairs, No. 213-214 (in Arabic), 1990, 1991, pp. 18-29. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Economics; Israel. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Kubursi, A. A. (1986) "The Economic Benefits of Palestinian Statehood." Middle East Focus, 9 (Summer/Fall). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; West Bank; Gaza; economy; human resources; self-determination

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Kubursi, A.A. and Butterfield, D.W. (1988) "Jobs, Education and Development: The Case of the West Bank" The Palestinian Economy, edited by George Abed, London: Routledge, pp. 223-44. Abstract: In the light of the negative correlation of the education and employment in the Occupied Territories, this paper seeks to develop a model which links manpower requirements, educational system operations, and economic development and policy priorities in a coherent system. The proposal refers only to the West Bank because of data problems. The authors conclude that the education system and stemming unemployment are severely constrained by the lack of Palestinian economic autonomy, a synchronization of manpower and educational systems could be attained by substantial increases in exports and in vocational and technical education. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: occupied territories; water supplies; employment; West Bank

Harb, Ghassan (1980) "Labour and Manpower," In: A Palestinian Agenda for the West Bank and Gaza, Edited by Nakhleh, Emile A., Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Research, pp. 91-101. Abstract: A discussion of the problems of labour and manpower in the post-settlement era in the West Bank and Gaza, based on the nature of the settlement that may be achieved for the Middle east conflict in general and for the Palestinian problem in particular. This paper is based on the author's conviction of the inevitability of an independent Palestinian state in the territories occupied during the June 1967 war: the West Bank, including Arab Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. Harb states that such state is considered by many researchers to be economically viable; it will provide a secure path for future economic development for the Palestinian; and it will fulfil the legitimate political aspirations of the Palesti~ian people. Keywords: manpower; West Bank; Gaza; economic development

Labadi, Ali M. Al- (1989) Proposed Technical Strategy for Water Resources Development in the West Bank and Gaza Strip Engineering Consortium, Amman, Jordan. 109 p. Abstract: Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Landan, Jacob M, and Ergun Ozbudun and Frank Tachau (1980) Electoral Politics in the Middle East: Issue, Voters and Elites Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 335 p. Abstract: Comparative political study: Turkey, Lebanon and Israel, as only countries with an uninterrupted tradition of free and competitive elections, but prominence of religion. Keywords: Arab States; Israel; Social infrastructure. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Lawyers Union, Amman, Jordan (1986) The Resolution of Income Tax Estimation in Jordan Jordan Lawyers Union, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 225 p. Abstract: A comparative and analytical study prepared by Hassan Falah Mousa to compare the Jordanian tax laws with other laws and other topics related to taxation in Jordan. Keywords: Law; Jordan; Economic Development.

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Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan

Lawyers Union, Amman, Jordan (1989) Law of Companies: A Temporary Law No. 1 For The Year 1989 Prepared by the Technical Office of the Lawyers Union, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 172 p. Abstract: A review of the items of this law regarding activities practiced by companies under the Jordanian legislation. Keywords: Jordan; Law; Economy. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

League of Arab State, Directorate General of Economic Affairs (1989) The Economic and Social Situation in the Palestinian Occupied Territories. Tunisia: The League of Arab States. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; Israel; economy; human resources; Palestine Liberation Organization; Intifada

Llewelyn-Davies Planning UNRWA Refugee shelter and services in the West Bank and Gaza: Pre--Feasibility Study. A study for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East under British Technical Cooperation Arrangements of the Overseas Development Administration, January 1989. Abstract: The report presents a pre-feasibility study of the potential for improvements to the housing and infrastructure in the refugee camps of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (West Bank and Gaza Strip). The study analyzes all possible types of interventions on the housing And environmental improvement fronts and assesses the technical needs and possibilities as well as the acceptability and practicality of such interventions in all the refugee camps. Keywords: Palestine Refugee Camps; Physical; infrastructure; Housing

Los Angles Times, Feb 14, 1992 Headline: "Capital of Floor Sweepers" Abstract: Following the Persian Gulf war, more than 300,00 Palestinians have fled Kuwait and settled in Jordan, the only country that accepts them. The Palestinians have won little sympathy from the US or the world community. Meanwhile, Jordan has been unable to meet the needs of these refugees. Keywords: Jordan, Kuwait, refugees, Palestinian-Q, Persian Gulf Crisis.

Malhees, Ghaniah (1979) "Al-Mukhayam Al-Falastini, Wake wa Aba", (Palestinian Camp: Reality and Burden]. Samed Al- Tgtisadi, Vol. 2, No. 15, pp. 11-15. Abstract: The article describes the formation of all Palestinian Refugee Camps. Part of the article handles the Israeli Military Policy to resettle the refugees of Gaza in permanent housing units. Also the social and economic conditions of the refugees. Keywords: Refugees-Palestinian; Refugees Camp-Housing; Gaza Strip-Refugees. Available from: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Marashdeh, Ali Mohammad Al- (1990) Economic Development Under Circumstances of War (in Arabic), 210 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Human Resources; Jordan; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

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Marx, Emanuel (1978) "Changes in Arab Refugee Camps". The Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 8, pp. 43-52. Abstract: An updated study about Jalazon Camp and the social changes that took place since the previous study in 1971. Keywords: Refugees-Arabs; Camps-West Bank; Camps-Gaza Strip. Available from: The Hebrew University, Truman Institute for Peace, Jerusalem.

Marx, Emanuel (1992) "Palestinian Refugee Camps in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 281-295. Abstract: A historical background presented by the author explains how the Refugee Camps were set up, their numbers & population, the houses and UNRWA services. Keywords: Palestinian refugees; refugees; West Bank-refugees; Gaza Strip Refugees. Available from: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus- Jerusalem.

Mashayekh, Mohammed (1991) "Al-Awdaa Al-Tarbawiyah Wal-Ijtimaiyah WalThaqafiyah Fi Mukhayymat Al-Aradi Al-uhtallah". [The Social and Educational Situation in the Refugee Camps of the Occupied Territories." Samed Al-Iqtisadi, No. 83, pp. 205-214, (Arabic). Abstract: The article elaborates on the policy of the Israeli military occupation, restriction of any social, political and educational development of the Palestinians and particularly the Refugee Camps. Intifada & the Refugees, impact of collective punishment to the various social activities in the camps. Keywords: Refugees; Social Development; Israel Occupation; Refugees (Palestinian); West Bank-Refugee Camps. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Metz, Helen Chapin (1989) Jordan: A Country Study Library of congress, Federal Research Division, washington D.c., USA, 1989, 330 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Middle East Libraries Committee Middle East and Islam: A Bibliographical Introduction edited by Diana Grimwood-Janes; Revised 1979. 429 p. Inter. Document Company Ag, Zurich, Switzerland. Abstract: Subjects include Islamic law, Middle East politics, economics, history, including Jordan and Palestinians. Keywords: Economics; Islam; Jordan. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Mohammed Jibril "Dour Al-Mukkayyamat Fi Al-Intifada". Al-Intifada Mubadah Sha'biYh. ed. by group of Researchers, Jerusalem. Abstract: The book titled Intifada Popular Initiative. The article "The Role of the Refugee Camps in due Intifada," is a socio-demographic background about the Refugees, types of resistance, political parties, popular committees and local institutions. Keywords: Intifada; Refugees-Intifada; Palestinian- Political. Available from: Bir Zeit University research center, West Bank.

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Momani, Riad Al-, and Nasser Shraideh (n.d.) "Income Distribution in Jordan" Monograph prepared at Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, 16 p. Abstract: Using statistics from 1973, 1981, 1987, income distribution patterns are provided, and reasons for inadequacies reported, includes bibliography. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Economic Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Mrayan, Nader (1989) "Consumption Function: An Econometric Study for Jordan" Monograph prepared at Department of Economics, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, 24 p. Abstract: Econometric function, based on Friedman's used to model Jordan consumption patterns 1967 to 1986. Keywords: Economy; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Mukhtar, Abdul Aziz Abdullah (1991) Planning Social Development Dar Al-Hakim for Publication, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 552 p. Abstract: A book covering social development issues giving an historical background with new strategies and plans. Keywords: Social Development; Jordan. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nakhleh, Khalil (1980) Palestinian Struggle Under Occupation. AAUG Occasional Paper, No. 6. Belmont Mass.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates. Abstract: A brief survey of the Palestinians under Israeli occupation since 1948 their "characteristic, resources and deficiencies." Keywords: education; human resources; refugees (Palestinian)

National Centre for Educational Research and Development and Ministry of Education, Jordan (1990)

Plan of Action for Educational Reform 1989-1998 Report prepared by Victor Billeh and Izzat Jaradat for presentation to World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA), Jomtien, Thailand, March 5-9, 1990, n.p. Abstract: Synopsis of Jordan's comprehensive reform strategy, including goals, economic background, teacher training, school facilities including demography. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Jordan (1991) "Progress Report: Implementation of the Action Program of the Human Resources Development Sector Investment Loan - Jordan 7641" Intermediary Technical Unit Report Series, NCERD, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Covers restructuring the school system, student achievement levels, examinations, teaching quality, facilities. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Neff, Donald, James Wall, and William Reynolds (1992) An Assessment of Vocational and Technical Education in Jordan Study prepared for USAID/Jordan and the Academy for Educational Development by IQC: Evaluation and Development Information Method. n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour,

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identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources Available froa: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Neu, Thomas Joseph (1987) Employment, Labour Migration and Economic Development in the Gaza Strip: a Case Study of Rafah, DAI 49/03A, AAC8807913, 578 p. Abstract: The Gaza Strip economy has few parallels in the world. Its professionally trained personnel have largely emigrated, while most of its remaining work force migrates daily to temporary jobs in Israel. The combination of shrinking land area under Palestinian control and steady increasing population has produced an urbanized but unintegrated labour force out of a population which as late as 1948 formed small agricultural or herding communities. The breakdown of traditional social and economic structures in the overcrowded and disadvantaged environment in which the predominantly refugee population of Gaza Strip has been contained since 1948 gives increasing urgency to understanding and changing their present predicament. Field research was conducted in Rafah, whose combination of refugee, bedouin and long established inhabitants is representative of the Gaza Strip as a whole. An in depth survey was conducted of all members of the labour force residing in a random sample of Rafah households. The interviews elicited information concerning work done both in Israel and in the Gaza Strip, as well as the educational and employment patterns of the entire household. An analysis of this and other available data suggests that the possession by the family of land or other economic assets significantly increases the range of individual options with regard to both capital investment and job creation; individual decisions regarding whether to emigrate, migrate or seek local employment, what kind of employment to expect, and even whether to work seem to depend primarily on whether family held assets permit employment within the Gaza Strip itself. The uniquely disjointed Gaza Strip economy cannot fully be explained by either the neoclassical or radical labour market paradigms. A third paradigm, characteristic of dual or segmented labour market theories, seeks to explain why certain persons or groups have access to limited sets of job opportunities within a particular socioeconomic context. Problems in relating the Gaza Strip labour market to any one paradigm reflect the even greater difficulties in designing an appropriate manpower planning model, although practical constraints can be assessed and a general development strategy outlined for the economic options which may become possible in future years. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources; Israel; demography; settlement-resettlement; Gaza Strip; refugees-displaced person (1948)

New York Times, May 11, 1992 Headline: "Middle East Puzzle: Talks That Aren't" Abstract: Middle East negotiation during the week of May 11, 1992, will discuss such issues as arms control, economic development, refugees and water sources. Israeli officials on May 10 repeated their stance that they will boycott two of the sessions, those on economic development and those on refugees, because Palestinians from outside the occupied territories are allowed to attend. The Bush administration, however, contends the talks are merely seminars, not negotiations. Keywords: Middle East, Israel, Peace Negotiations, International Relations, Palestinians, Arabs.

New York Times, May 17, 1992 Headlines: "What to subsidize in Israel"

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Abstract: An editorial laments the damage to US-Israeli- relations caused by the State Department affirmation of us support for a 1948 UN resolution upholding the right of Palestinian refugees to return to Israel or to obtain compensation. Keywords: Israel, United Nations, Editorials, International Relations, Jews, Palestinians, Refugees.

Nijim, Basheer (compiler) and Muammar, Bishara (researcher), (1984) Toward the Dearabization of Palestine/Israel, 1945-1977. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, under the auspices of the Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development. Abstract: A documented collection of information on a village-by­village basis on the displacement of the country's indigenous population by settler communities within the area occupied by Israel before 1967. The volume consists mainly of detailed tables and maps of subdistricts showing the precise extent of displacement in each village and of total destruction of villages. There is also an excellent concise historical chapter. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); demography; Jerusalem; Israel

Palestine Human Rights Information Centre (1992) Targeting to Kill: Israel's Undercover Units The Centre for Policy Analysis on Palestine, Washington, DC, USA and The Palestine Human Rights Information Centre, Jerusalem. 49 p. Abstract: Description of activities and methods of Israeli undercover units, in 1991, case study and analysis and human rights implications. Keywords: Intifida; Human Rights; Israel. Available froa: Palestine Human Rights Information Centre International, Chicago, USA.

Palestine Year Book of International Law, Volume 1, 1984. Al Shaybani Society of International Law Ltd., Cyprus. 267 p. Abstract: Forum for legal analysis to explore and develop methods, utilizing laws as instruments, of conflict-avoidance and conflict­settlements; includes court judgements in English and reports and statements of interest in the Palestinian conflicts including developments in Jordan. Keywords: Palestine; Law; Human Rights; Jordan. Available froa: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Palestinian Information System Project "List of Referenced Material and Bibliographies" Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, PALIS information sheets, 6 p. (in Arabic), 3 p. (in English). Abstract: Bibliography of Bibliographies and Encyclopedias and general reference related materials included with PALIS. Keywords: Palestine; West Bank; Data Base. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Palestinian Information System Project "List of Referenced Periodicals Dealing with the Middle East Question" Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, PALIS information sheets, 2 p.(in Arabic), 1 p. (in English) Abstract: List of 50 Arabic journals and 16 English journals covering related topics, including the publisher and frequency of publication of referenced journals included in the PALIS. Keywords: Palestine; West Bank; Data Base. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

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Prittle, Terence (1967) Israel: Miracle in the Desert Baltimore: Penguin Books, 260 p. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Jordan; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Qaimari, Mohammad Sulaiman (1990) Implications of the Palestinian Labour Movement Palestine Labour Union, Series No.3, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 174 p. Abstract: A book reporting on the achievements of the Palestinian Labour Union and the role of this Union in the Palestinian society along with the proceedings of the 1st Conference of the General Palestinian Labour Union in Gaza 1965. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Queen Ali Jordan Social Welfare Fund (1989) Annual Report Queen Alia Jordan Social Welfare Fund, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Booklet with individual reports on social service centres, child welfare, women's welfare and rehabilitation programs, income generating and rural development projects, special education, financial sustainers. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rabaiah, Ahmad Al-, Ahmad Odeh (1991) Population and Social Life Jordan History Committee, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 108 p. Abstract: Keywords: Demography; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rami G. Khouri (n.d.) USAID and the Private Sector in Jordan: A Chronicle, The Genesis, August 1985-1988 USAID and Rami G. Khouri, Amman, Jordan, 78 p. Abstract: Role of United States in the economic development of Jordan in the private sector, successes, failures, sensitivities and attitudes. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Reches, E. (1987) "Unemployment of Arab Academics." New Outlook, (July). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian), human rights, human resources; Israel

Robins, Philip (1986) Jordan to 1990: Coping with Change The Economist, London, U.K., 114 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Palestine; Israel; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rockwell, s. (1985) "Palestinian Women Workers in the Israeli-Occupied Gaza Strip." Journal of Palestinian Studies. Vol. 14, (2). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel;

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West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; human resources; economy; gender (women)

Roy, Delwin A. and William T. Irelan (1992) "Educational Policy and Human Resource Development in Jordan". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 178-215. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Human Resources; Jordan; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Roy, sara (1986) "The Gaza Strip Survey". The West Bank Data Base Project, Jerusalem. Abstract: A demographic, economic, social and legal survey on the Gaza Strip that includes refugee related issues. The study also offers a clear and precise presentation of the harsh realities facing the Palestinians in Gaza and concerning the benefits accruing to the Israelis. Keywords: Gaza Strip; demography of Gaza Strip; Gaza Strip - Social, Economic and legal. Available from: Al-Haq, Ramallah - West Bank.

Roy, Sara (1991) "The Political Economy of Despair: Changing Political and Economic Realities in the Gaza Strip" Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3-79, pp. 58-69. Abstract: Keywords: Intifada Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Roy, Sarah. (1987) "The Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De- Development." Journal of Palestine Studies, 17, 1 (65) (Autumn): pp. 56-88. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; Gaza Strip; human resources

Rubenberg, C. (1989) "Twenty Years of Israeli economic Policies in the West Bank and Gaza: Prologue to the Intifada." Journal of Arab Affairs, 8 1 1 (Spring), pp. 28-73. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; Israel; human resources; camps; West Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; self-determination; self­government; Intifada: Palestine Liberation Organization; demography

Rubenberg, Cheryl A. (1989) "Twenty Years of Israeli Economic Politics in the West Bank and Gaza: Prologue to the Intifida" Journal of Arab Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1989, pp. 28-73. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza; Economy; Intifida Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Ryan, w. s. (1974) "Israeli Economy Policy in the occupied Areas: Foundation of New Imperialism." MERIP Reports, No. 24. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; economy; refugees (Palestinian)

Saba, Henriette, and Ghalib Asad Al-Qaddumi (1967) The Labour Force and Education in UNRWA. [In Arabic) , Beirut: Regional Center for the Training of Senior Educational Officials in the Arab States. Abstract: A review of the organization and activities of the

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educational services available by UNRWA and statistical study of the Palestinians registered for UNRWA services. Keywords: human resources; UNRWA; education; refugees (Palestinian)

Sahliyeh, Emile (1982) "West Bank Industrial and Agricultural Development: The Basic Problems," Journal of Palestine Studies. 11, (Winter), pp. 55-69. Keywords: Jordan; West Bank; occupation, economic development

Salameh, Elias (1990) "Jordan's Water Resources: Development and Future Prospects" American Arab Affairs, No. 33, 1990. Abstract: An article covering issues about Jordan's water resources, future water demand, investment in the water sector. Keywords: Jordan; Economic Development Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad Indigenous Problems of Institutions of Higher Education in the Occupied West Bank and the Gaza Strip M.I. Publishing Co. Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus (in Arabic). Abstract: A study that covers issues related to higher education and absence of regulations. Keywords: Children; Education (universities); Palestine; Israel. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1985) Israeli Occupation and Its Ramifications for Palestinian Culture and Education Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, London (in Arabic). Abstract: A presentation of the conditions of public education, higher education, vocational training, students, and violation of rights in the Occupied Territories. Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Education (universities); Vocational Training. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1990) Implications of The Duties of the Next State: Methods for the public support of Intifida, Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, London, U.K. (in Arabic), 202 p. Abstract: A future plan that covers economic infrastructure, demography, housing, family reunification, education. Keywords: Palestine; Women; Education; Economics; Family Reunification; Intifida. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1990) Roots: The Characteristics of Public Organizations during the Experience of the Palestinian People in their Struggle in the West Bank from 1967 until the Intifida Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, London, U.K., 56 p. Abstract: Covers the Palestinian infrastructure and its conditions from 1967 until the Intifida. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida; Economics. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

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Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1992) "Granting The Loan Guarantees Violates Law, Undermines Attainment of A Peace Settlement" Jordan Times, September 5, 1992. Abstract: Open letter to u.s. House of Representatives, citing U.N. resolutions and political and economic rationale against loan guarantees. Keywords: Israel; Peace; Law

Saleh, Abdul Jawad and Walid Mustafa (1983) Palestine: The Collective Destruction of Palestinian Villages and Zionist Colonization 1882-1982 Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, London, U.K. (with maps), 55 p. Abstract: Statistical, graphical and historical account of the transformation of Palestine; destruction and changes in ownership. Keywords: Palestine. Available from: Jerusalem centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Nabil, A. (1986) Unlawful Gain and Legitimate Profit in Islamic Law; Riba, Gharar and Islamic Banking Cambridge University Press, U.K. 130 p. Abstract: Interpretation of Islamic laws on interest, banking, profit and the Sharia Law of Contract. Keywords: Kuwait; Jordan; Islam; Economic Development. Available froa: Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, U.K.

Samara, Adel (1989) Palestine: Profile of An Occupation Zed, London, U.K., 184 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Refugees; Women; Economy; Intifida Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Samyonev, M. and Lewin-Epstein N. (1987) Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water: Noncitizen Arabs in the Israeli Labour Market, International Report No: 13. Ithaca, New York: ILR Press.

·Abstract: This is a study of Israelis' use of low-paid (under-paid) Palestinian workers for menial jobs. The authors extensively discuss the oppressive and abusive conditions that the Palestinian workers are obliged to cope with in the Israeli labour market. The authors estimate that the number of Palestinian workers in West Bank and Gaza grew by more than eightfold between 1969 and 1982 - from 9,376 to 76,274 - likewise, the proportion of these labourers in the Israeli labour force during the same period has gone up from 1 percent to 8 percent. However, these figures only deal with those registered with the labour exchange office and not with the illegal workers. Keywords: Israel; economy; refugees (Palestinian); refugee categories (non-stateless refugees)

Sara, F. ( 1989) "Palestinian Workers and the Intifada." [In Arabic], Shu'un Filastinniya, 198 (September). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Intifada; human resources; economy; Israel

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Schiff, Ben-amin Between Occupier and occupied: UNRWA in the West Bank and Gaza. Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 60-75. Abstract: The paper describes the critical position of UNRWA between the Occupier Israeli government and the Occupied Palestinian People. The impact of Intifada on UNRWA'S role from assistance to protection. Keywords: UNRWA; Occupied Territories; Refugees Palestinian; Intifada-Refugees. Available from: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. scopus, Jerusalem.

Shaaban, Bouthaina (1988) Both Right and Left Handed: Arab Women Talk About Their Lives The Women's Press Limited, London, U.K. 242 p. Abstract: Account of the author's findings of Arab women organizing themselves to challenge the traditional role of women, seeking identity and individual rights. Keywords: Women; Human Rights; Arabs.

Shaath, Nabeel (972) "High Level Palestinian Manpower, " Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, (Winter), pp. 80-95. Abstract: This study is based in part on preliminary results of a questionnaire survey of Palestinian university graduates--High Level Manpower Assessment. It examines the general condition of high level Palestinian manpower, i.e. the number qualifications, professions and places of residence of educated Palestinians. Among the major findings of the study are: (a) the number Or Palestinian university students compares well with the number of Israeli university students, (b) the ratio of high level manpower and the ratio of present Palestinian university students to the total Palestinian population is higher than the ratio for any Arab country. (c) The vast majority of Palestinian university graduates received their education in the Arab countries, particularly in Egypt. Post-graduate degrees especially in engineering and the natural sciences, show a much higher ratio in American and European universities (d) Half of the university educated Palestinians work .as teachers. Teaching, engineering management and medicine represent the four most important professions practised. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; universities; human resources; West Bank

Shahin , Ahmad-Omar (1991) "Mukhayyam Canada: Masat Al-Tamazzok Bayna Alwatan Wal-Shatat", [The Torn Tragedy between Homeland and Diaspora]. Samed Al Iqtisadi, No. 83, pp. 200- 204 (Arabic). Abstract: A case study of Canada Camp on the borders of Gaza Strip and Egypt. Writer elaborates how the camp was established & the social economic, educational life of the refugees since 1967-1990. Keywords: Canada Camp; Refugees (Palestinian); Demography. Available froa: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Shami, Seteny (1990) "Social Implications of Population Displacement and Resettlement" Newsletter of the Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, No. 9, pp 3-4, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. Abstract: Reports on the study group meeting titled "The Social Implications of Population and Resettlement" held at Yarmouk University, February 21-24, 1990; individual papers are published elsewhere. Keywords: Social Development; Demography.

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Available from: Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Shami, Seteny and Aseel Sawalha (1991) "Social Implications of Population Displacement and Resettlement in the Middle East: Study Group II" Newsletter of the Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, No. 11, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan pp 11-13. Abstract: Report on the second group meeting held July 29-31, 1991 at the Institute, short synopsis of each of thirteen papers covering a range of topics in the Middle East. Keywords: Arab States; Demography; Social Development. Available from: Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Sharif, Mohammad Rashad Al- (1988) "The working Class in the West Bank and Gaza strip" The Earth, Volume 15, No. 7 (in Arabic), pp. 11-24. Abstract: Keywords: Economics; Palestine. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Shehadeh, Raja (1980) The West bank and The Rule of Law International Commission of Jurists/Law in the Service of Man, Geneva, 200 p. Abstract: Structural changes in the West Bank to the Jordanian legislation governing the court system after 1967, alterations of Jordanian law and restrictions on basic rights. Keywords: Palestine; Political infrastructure; Human Rights. Available froa: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Shihadeh, Odeh (1983) "Mukhayyam Al-Jalazon: Diraseh Ijtimaiyeh." [Jalazon Camp: A Social Study] Al-Awdeh , No. 16 , ( Arabic) Abstract: The field work focuses on the explanation of the Housing in Jalazon Camp of Ramallah due to social and economic changes within the refugee population. Keywords: Palestinian Refugees; Refugees-Socio economic; Refugees-West Bank. Available froa: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Shihadeh, Odeh and Shlabi Fahoum (1986) Housing Problems in Ramallah District. Published by Research and Documentation Center, Bir zeit University. Abstract: The researchers conducted a field study on the housing problems in Ramallah District. A comparison between the city of Ramallah, its villages and its Refugee Camps. Keywords: West Bank-Housing; Refugees; Palestinian Housing. Available from: Bir Zeit University Research Centre, West Bank.

Shihadeh Odeh, Sharif Kanana and Bassm Kabi (1985) "Administrative Detention in the Occupied Territories." Abstract: A comparative socio-economic study on the Administrative Detainees in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The survey compared between Refuqees, villagers and urban detainees. Keywords: West Bank-Administrative Detention; Israeli-Military Occupation. Available from; Bir Zeit University, West Bank.

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Shraideh, Marwan (1989) "The Unemployment Problem in Jordan" Development, Volume 17, No. 196, (in Arabic), pp. 38-45. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Society. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Social Research and Studies center (1985) A Study of the Situation of Charitable Societies in the East Bank for 1985 General Union of Voluntary Services, Social Research and Studies Center, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 217 p. Abstract: A survey of the situation of social voluntary work in Jordan and some statistics of their income, expenses, and costs. Keywords: Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Soubani, Salah (1991) "Al-Maalem Al-Raesiyeh Li Awda Mukhayyamat Al-Lajeen Fil-Diffah Al-Falastiniyah Al-Muhtalah". [Main Characteristic to the Situation of the refugee Camps in the Occupied Territories], Samed Al-Iqtisadi, No. 83, pp. 12-37. Abstract: The article describes the main features and the situation in West Bank refugee camps with an introduction to the various plans of the Israeli government to abolish the existence of those camps. Keywords: West Bank Refugee Camps; Israel occupation - West Bank; Refugees (Palestinian). Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Soubani Salah (1991) "Awda Mukhayyamat Gaza wa Masharee Al-Tawtin", [The Situation in the Gaza Camps and Resettlement Plans], Samed Al-Iqtisadi, No. 8, pp.142-157 (In Arabic). Abstract: An informative document, tracking the number of refugees inside and outside the camps. The article defines six different projects to resettle refugees and evaluates each designed project in reference to the camp.

Tahir, J. (1985) "An Assessment of Palestinian Human Resources: Higher Education and Manpower." Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 14 (3). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; economy; human resources; education

Tax and Investment Profile: Jordan (1983) Saba, Amman, Jordan, 33 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Team International Engineering and Management Consultants Bibliography of the People Palestine and Their Issues (3rd edition) Report prepared for the Organization of Science, Culture and Education, Jerusalem (several volumes) (combined English and Arabic). Abstract: Comprehensive bibliography of the economic, social and cultural conditions and the political liabilities of the Palestine people in the Occupied Territories. Keywords: West Bank; Social Development; Palestinians. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

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The Cooperative Housing Foundation, Washington and the Center for Engineering and Planning, Ramallah, (unpublished report), August 1992.

Housing Needs Assessment for the West Bank and Gaza. Abstract: The report describes the current status of the housing sector in the west Bank and Gaza Strip in urban, rural and refugee communities. The report also analyzes housing needs in all three types of communities and presents alternative strategies for meeting these needs under different political scenarios. Keywords: Palestinian Refugees, Housing, West Bank, Gaza Strip

The Economist Intelligence (1992) Jordan: Country Report: Analysis of Economic and Political Trends Every Quarter. No. 1, 1992 The Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 21 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Economist Intelligence Unit (1992) Jordan Country Profile 1992-93: Annual Survey of Political and Economic Background The Economist Intelligence Unit, Business International Ltd, London, U.K., 36 p. Abstract: Provides overview of demography, social conditions, the economy by sectoral, finance and investment regulations. Keywords: Jordan; Economy; Demography. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Industrial Guide of Jordan (1988) The Hawk, Cyprus, 185 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Law; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Jordan Library Association The Jordanian National Bibliography: The Annual Register of Book Production in Jordan The Jordan Library Association, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic: 1981, 1982; 1983; 1986-1989). Abstract: Annual bibliography of all works published in Jordan, including thesis covering social science, applied sciences, etc. with appendix covering Jordanian publications abroad. Keywords: Jordan; Social Development; Education. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, amman, Jordan.

The Jordan Library Association (1990) The Jordanian National Bibliography. The Annual Register of Book Production in Jordan 1986-1989 The Jordan Library Association, Amman (combined English and Arabic). Abstract: Includes books, theses and government publications produced in Jordan during the period, with separate indices for titles, authors, and subjects for both the English and Arabic sections. Keywords: Economy; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Middle East Yearbook IC Magazines Ltd., London, U.K. (Annual) Abstract: Annual review of regional politics, society, economics, business current events and by country basis including demographic and economic statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Economics.

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Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

The Pales~inian Financial Sec~or Under Israel Occupa~ion (1987) UNCTAD, [ s • 1. ] Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Palestine; Israel Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Special Near East Refugee Survey Commission. (1953) "A Survey of the Arab Refugee situation" Depar~men~ of S~a~e

Bulle~in. Vol. 30, No. 760, pp. 95-101. Abstract: This report is an analysis of the Palestinian refugee crisis and its economic consequences. It also discusses the U.N. and u.s. interest in dealing with the Palestinian Refugee Problem in terms of relief and financial support. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinians) Jordan; settlement, demography, UNRWA.

The University of Jordan, Amman (1985) S~a~is~ical Yearbook 1984/1985 The University of Jordan, Planning and Statistical Department, Serial No. 3, 381 p. Abstract: The third annual book covering statistical data related to University of Jordan students, professors, personnel and graduates, also University Hospital and budget. Keywords: Education (universities); Jordan. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

The West Bank and Gaza Strip: Information Paper (1990) Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, Jerusalem, 71 p. Abstract: Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; Education; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Trade Direc~ory of Jordan 1990-91 (1988) The Hawk, Nicosia, Cyprus, 344 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

UNDP (1992) Human Developmen~ Repor~ 1992 UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York. Abstract: Most recent report describes successes and setbacks in human development, with statistical tables, covering Jordan. Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNDP, Amman, Jordan (1990) UNDP Developmen~ Coopera~ion in Jordan: For~y Years of Par~nership for Developmen~ UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan. 30 p. Abstract: Summary publication of the UNDP review report 1950 to 1990 covering development assistance by economic sector. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan; Human Resources. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

38

UNDP, Amman, Jordan (1990) UNDP Development Cooperation in Jordan 1950-1990: A Review Report prepared by UNDP office, Amman, Jordan. 157 p. Abstract: Review covers all technical and development assistance that was provided to Jordan over the period by UNDP and its predecessor agencies; planning, agriculture, transport, communications, human resource development. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan; Human Resources. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNDP, Amman, Jordan (1992) Report of the United Nations Resident Coordinator 1991 UNDP, Amman, Jordan. 32 p. Abstract: Coordinator's report on all UN operational activities in Jordan highlighted by emergency evacuation and relief assistance. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCWA ( 1991) "The Return of Jordanian/Palestinian Nationals from Kuwait: Economic and Social Implications for Jordan" Monograph, UNESCWA, Amman, Jordan, 27 p. Abstract: Using data made available by government sources; effects on employment, balance of payments, inflation and investment are identified, and sectoral effects in health, water, education and housing; identifies magnitude of the problem and assistance required; returnees are profiled. Keywords: Returnees; Jordan; Economic Development; Demography. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCWA Jordan (1991) The Return of the Jordanian/ Palestinian Nationals from Kuwait: social and Economic Implications for Jordan A study by the United Nations Economic and Social Comission For West Asia for the Government of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 23 p. Abstract: A study of the conditions of Jordanian returnees and their macro-economic effects on employment, balance of payments, inflation, and investment and their sectoral effects on housing, water, education, and health. Keywords: Jordan; Palestine; Health; Education; Returnees; Economic Infrastructure. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA/Jordan and the National Population Commission (1991) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1990 A study prepared by the National Population Commission, vol. 1, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 297 p. Abstract: Highlights all studies on the population of Jordan that took place from 1980-1990 and covers the work force, mortality rates, education, migration, family and marriage, population, health, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Education; Health. Available froa: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission "Population, Housing and Public Places" A study prepared by Abdul Hadi Alwain, Abdul Ilah Abu Ayash and Yousef Hyasat for the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 106 p. Abstract: An historical survey of Jordan housing strategies with an analysis of the current situation and projecting the national housing strategies with statistics.

39

Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Population, Water and Food Availability" A study prepared by Hisham Al-Khatib, Ahmad Qatanani, Abdul Rahman Al-Fataftah for the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan, (in Arabic), 91 p. Abstract: A study that covers issues related to the water problem in Jordan and the necessity of water availability for people, industries and irrigation, and the agricultural situation in Jordan with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Economic Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Population, Working Force, and Immigration" A study prepared by Mohammad Al Akel, Nawaf Kalaldeh and Adel Lutfi for the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 115 p. Abstract: A study of the history of the labour force in Jordan with a forecast for the year 2005 with statistics. Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Final Report of The Conference on Population and Basic Needs" The final report of the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 8 p. Abstract: A report synopsis of the proceedings of the conference, some recommendations regarding housing, education, population, water, public health, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) "A Working Paper on the Education Sector" A paper presented to The National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 30 P• Abstract: Provides situation in Jordan by level of elementary schooling including enrollment, curriculum teacher training, educational research, problems and proposed strategies. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) Working Paper on The Cultural and Information Sectors Paper prepared by Ziad Al-Rifai, Munir al-Hour, Abeer Abu Al-Saud and Zahia Innab for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 26 P· Abstract: Overview of children in Jordan, their way of life, the role of education, the government sector, children's publications, libraries, public broadcasting, censorhip, recommended strategies and policies. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

40

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) "Working Paper on the Environment and Children in Jordan" Paper prepared by Hussein Shakhatrah and Hussein Khandak for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan, 28 P· Abstract: Paper identifies government and private sectors involved in environmental protection, the legislative environment, and the influence of home, school and public environment on children; obstacles and problems for future strategies. Keywords: Children; Environment; Jordan; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office (1991) A Baseline Study on Income Generating Projects in Jordan A study prepared by Middle East Marketing and Research Consultants, Amman, Jordan, 23 p. Abstract: A research study of Jordan's projects for income generation all over the Kingdom, their working force, training offered, their contribution to the country's economy with profiles of full-time workers according to sex, age, and education, with statistical tables. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Economic Infrastructure. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNIDO (1987) Jordan: Stimulating Manufacturing Employment and Exports. UNIDO, Vienna, 139 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

United Nations (1982) Social Economics and Political Institutions in the West Bank United Nations, New York, 24 p. Abstract: Keywords: West Bank; Palestine; Economy Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

United Nations (1987) "The Palestinian Financial Sector Under Israeli Occupation" United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 1987, 173 p. Abstract: Keywords: Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

United Nations (1990) Managing the Development Project: A Training Curriculum in seven Parts The Foundation for International Training, Toronto, Ontario, Canada for United Nations Development of Technical co-operation for Development, New York, USA. n.p. Abstract: A course that provides an overview of project management, particularly, training, identifying needs, project design, implementing, monitoring and controlling, evaluating achievements of development projects. Keywords: Economic Development; Education; Vocational Training. Available froa: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

41

United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for the Western Asia (1989) Labour Force and Education in The Occupied Territories, Baghdad. Abstract: This study provides a social analysis of the Occupied Territories by investigating their demographic, labour force, employment and education figures. Population grew from 1.4 million in 1967 to more than 1. 5 million in the 1985 with more than 25 percent of the population living in the urban areas. The confiscation of the 45 percent of the agricultural land, along with poor economic conditions caused by scarcity of investment capital, has forced 95,000 labourers to work in low paid jobs in the Israeli "black" labour market. The study reports that in 1985 less than 25 percent of population was illiterate but only 10 percent of the students continued to higher education; also the curricula were increasingly being controlled by Israeli authorities. The study closes with the notion that is only independence that can allow the territories to forge an authentic economy with a rich educational system. Tables: population indicators, Occupied Territories (selected years); distribution of refugees, Occupied Territories (1986); employment by economic sector, Occupied Territories (selected years); labour force employment by years of schooling and place of work (1970-86); average daily wage of labourers from the territories in Israel (1983-86); income .of the territories, labourers working in Israel, growth and percentage of GNP (1985-86) Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; human resources; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; demography; gender

UNESCO, (1968) Building, for the UNRWA/UNESCO Educational and Training Programme. Paris: UNESCO. Abstract: This report has been prepared by the UNESCO Secretariat. It is a case study on the education building program undertaken by UNRWA since 1950 for the benefit of the Palestinian Refugees. Production of building plans and the drawing up of the standards and specifications are dealt with in the report. UNRWA'S construction program has been characterized by ·economy, simplicity, and the avoidance of frills. UNESCO and UNRWA hope by publishing this report that the experience which has been gained in the UNRWA's construction program will be of interest and assistance to educational administrators and school architects who are faced with similar problems in other parts of the world. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees (Palestinian)

United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (1989) Labour Force and Education in the Occupied Territories. Baghdad: (E/ESCWA/89/3). Abstract: This study provides a social analysis of the Occupied Territories by investigating their demographic, labour force, employment, and education situation. Population grew from 1.4 million in 1967 to more than 1.5 million in 1985 with 25 percent of the population living in the urban areas. The confiscation of some 45 percent of the agricultural land, along with poor economic opportunities caused by scarcity of investment capital, has forced 95,000 labourers - mostly from the rural areas - to work in low-paid jobs or as "black" labour in Israel. The study reports that in the 1985 less than 25 percent of the population was illiterate but only 10 percent of students continued to higher education; also the curricula were increasingly being controlled by Israeli authorities. The study closes with the notion that it is only independence that can allow the territories to forge an authentic economy with a rich educational system. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: settlements; human resources; education; Intifada; human

42

rights; refugees (Palestinian)

United Nations, Economic Commission for Western Asia, Joint ECWA/UNIDO Industry Division (1981)

Industrial and Economic Trends in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (E/ECWA/UNIDO/WG.1) Beirut, 128 p. Abstract: This study analyses general economic growth in the occupied Territories between 1967 and 1980 and the development of their industrial sector in particular. The findings, based on official Israeli statistics and a survey of 267 firms operating in the territories, include: (1) the industrial sector's contribution to GDP declined from 6.6 percent in 1969 to 5.9 percent in 1980; (2) total employment in the sector has remained constant at 15 percent; (3) the labour supply in the territories stood at a low 19 percent of the total population; (4) 60 percent of all firms surveyed reported underutilization of capacity; and (5) 90 percent of all imported goods to the territories came from Israel, with more than 85 percent of the total being industrial goods. The study recommends a comprehensive plan for social and economic development involving all economic sectors and a package of incentives including tariffs and subsidies to revive the industrial sector. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza Strip; manpower; occupation; industrial development

United Nations, Economic Commission for Western Asia, Joint ECWA/UNIDO Industry Division (1981)

Industry and Economic Trends in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Beirut, U.N. Headquarters. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources; West Bank; Gaza; Israel; demography

United Nations General Assembly (1991) Report of the Commissioner General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Middle East July 1, 1990- June 30, 1991. United Nations General Assembly, Report A/46/13, New York, USA. Abstract: Report on the education, health, relief and social services assistance overall and by host country and the occupied territories, special measures and programs to expand assistance, report on arrests and detained UNRWA officials. Keywords: UNRWA; United National General Assembly; Human Rights.

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

Registration Statistical Bulletin for the Second Quarter 1992. Abstract: Report on the total registered refugees by country and category of registration, and distribution according to country and category of hardship. The Report covers the Palestine refugee communities in the West Bank, Gaza, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Keywords: Palestine refugees, West Bank, Gaza Strip.

Utewi Busam (1992) "Fak Al-Irtibat bayn Al-UNRWA wal Mukhayyamat", [Disengagement between the UNRWA and refugee Camps). Strategic Review, Vol. 2, No. 15, pp. 44-52. (Arabic). Abstract: The article discusses the Palestinian vision overcoming the refugees and their integration within the Palestinian society. It also raises some questions concerning the possible relationships between Palestinian Authority through the Interim period and UNRWA. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinian); Refugee Camps West Bank; UNRWA.

43

UNRWA

UNRWA

UNRWA

Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Consolidated Special Instructions (revised) Issued by Chief, Relief Services Division, UNRWA, Vienna, Austria. Abstract: Instructions to determine refugee eligibility. Keywords: Refugees; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

"UNRWA News" Bi-weekly newsletter published by the UNRWA Information Office. 4 p. Abstract: Provides UNRWA news in brief, in each host country, occupied territories including staff news. Keywords: UNRWA; Refugees; Education; Health. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office, Amman.

Registration Statistical Bulletin Quarterly Relief Services Division, UNRWA, Vienna. Abstract: Statistics covering registered refugee population by camp, special hardships and population movements. Keywords: Refugees; UNRWA; Demography. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA (1989) The Report of the Special Political committee of United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters, (A/44/815),(44/47), 13 p. Keywords: Palestine; refugees (Palestinian); refugee Aid; displaced persons; education grants; vocational training; occupied territories

UNRWA (n.d) Information Packet Prepared by UNRWA, Vienna. n.p. Abstract: Brochures, information sheets and maps pertaining to all UNRWA activities and specific references to activities in Jordan; statistics. Keywords: UNRWA; Jordan; Health; Refugees. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office, Amman.

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Biennial Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training 1990-1991 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED-BW P.S). 193 p. Abstract: Plan of action in the areas of school curriculum, teachers and higher education, vocational and technical education with target dates for implementation. Keywords: Education; UNRWA; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office "General Consolidated Beneficiaries for SHC, TB Patients, Nursing and Pregnant Women, Dry Rations and Dry Milk" Report prepared by Field Supply and Transport Officer, Jordan Field Office, UNRWA, Amman, Jordan, bi-monthly report. Abstract: Information sheet providing type of support by distribution centre. Keywords: Health; Refugees; UNRWA; Jordan. Available froa: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

44

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office "1992-1993 Medium Term Plan for Relief and Social Services Programme, General Management Sub-Programme - Jordan" Monograph, n.p. Abstract: Objectives of plan with problem identification and planned course of action with time frame. Keywords: UNRWA; Social Development; Refugees; Jordan; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA Jordan Field Office "Relief and Social Services Department" A report of the Field Relief and Social Services Department, July 1992 (monthly). Abstract: A report covering all activities of the Relief Department during the month of July 1992 and the programs achieved in this month regarding shelter rehabilitation, assistance, hospitalization, income generation, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Refugees; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d.) Self Support Projects Field Relief and Social Services, UNRWA Jordan Field Office, a status report, June 1992, n.p. Abstract: A report including annual budget for each region, grant distribution by project and projects initiated. Keywords: Refugees; Jordan; UNRWA; Palestinians. Available from: UNRWA Field Office of Jordan.

UNRWA Public Information (n.d.) UNRWA 1989/90 UNRWA Public Information, Vienna. 28 p. Abstract: An edited summary of the report of the Commissioner General of UNRWA to the United Nations General Assembly for the period July 1989 to June 1990. · Keywords: UNRWA; United Nations General Assembly. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA Public Information Office Palestine Refugees Today UNRWA Newsletter (quarterly). Abstract: In various articles, social problems of refugees and case studies are reported: women, curfew, special hardships, disabilities. Keywords: UNRWA; West Bank; Refugees. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office, Amman.

UNRWA, Vienna (1992) "Project on Computerization of Eligibility and Registration Transactions" Internal Draft Report prepared by Department of Relief and Social Services, Relief Services Division, January-June 1992. Abstract: Draft report on the project of computerization of transactions and build-up of computerized system of family files. Keywords: Demography; UNRWA; Database; Refugees. Available froa: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

USAID and the National Population Commission (1992) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1992 A study prepared by the National Population Commission, Vol. 2, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 283 p. Abstract: Highlights studies on population carried out in Jordan from 1980-1992, covering education, health, fertility, working force, environment, childhood.

45

Keywords: Jordan; Children; Education; Demography; Social Development. Available from: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

Vitullo, Anita (1987) ANSAR 2: Detention, Humiliation and Intimidation. A Report of the Database Project on Palestinian Human Rights Prepared by the Palestinian Human Rights Information Centre, Jerusalem and HRREF/Database Project, Chicago, USA, n.p. Abstract: Focuses on Israeli prison for Palestinian political prisoners, including arrest, detention, military court proceedings and release. Keywords: Palestinians; Human Rights; Data Base. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Wehaidi, Maysoun Al Atawneh Al-Palestinian Women and the Israeli Occupation Dar Al Jaleel for Publication, Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 351 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Wehaidi, Mayssoun Al (1985) Palestinian Women in the Occupied Territories League of Arab States, General Secretariat, General Department of Social and Cultural Affairs, Department of Women Affairs. 160 p. Abstract: Effective role in society, spreading national awareness, defense, women's movements, struggle to end occupation, regain national rights and employment; related punishments. Keywords: Palestine; Women; Human Resources •

. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

West Bank Data Base Project (1985) "Population, Employment and Public Funding on the West Bank." Newlook, (JanjFeb). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); demography; economy; human resources; Israel; West Bank

West Bank Studies "Towards a Data Base Study of Palestinian Needs: A Synopsis" Monograph, May 1985, Amman, Jordan. 57 p. Abstract: Preliminary findings of continuing research in Jordan on the occupied territories. Keywords: Data Base; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (1992)

Selected Presentations: Regional Seminar on Drinking Water Quality Papers from seminar sponsored by the CEHA, May 20-24, 1991 at Nicosia, cyprus, published by the WHO, CEHA, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Papers deal with public health and drinking water quality, including monitoring projects. Keywords: Public Health; Health; social Development. Available from: WHO/CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

World Bank Health Manpower Project in EMEMA Region, Jordan: Report on an Appraisal Mission Report by Nabil Kronfol and Haifa Nabali of American University of Beirut. Abstract: Health manpower situation in Jordan is presented; a description

46

of general trends in medical, nursing and paramedical professions, main problems and issues in health manpower, quality, quantity and utilization, recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Human Resource Development. Available from: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

world Bank (1987) Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: Seventh Education Project: Staff Appraisal Report. The World Bank, New York, USA, pp. 247-257 Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan; Education Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

World Bank (1989) Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: Quality, Organization and Finance Issues in the Health Sector Internal Report No. 7667-Jo, Population and Human Resources Division, The World Bank. 47 p. Abstract: Review of population, health and nutrition in Jordan since previous study in 1984, specifically dealing with the quality of health care delivered to a growing population with rising expectations, and health financing. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Human Resources. Available from: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

World Council of Churches (1980) Palestinian Workers in Israel: A Selection of Documents for Study and Action. Geneva: WCC. NO. 9. Keywords: human resources; Israel; demography

Zahlan, A.B. (1984) Agricultural Bibliography of Jordan, 1974-1985. Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan, 81 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Zahlan, Antoine (1976) "The Economic Viability of a West Bank State." Middle East International, No. 66, (December), pp. 20-21. Keywords: West Bank; human resources; economy

Zahlan, Antoine and Zahlan, Rosemarie (1977) "The Palestinian Future: Education and Manpower," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 6, (Summer), pp. 103-112. Keywords: education; human resources; demography; West Bank; Gaza

Zureik, Elie and Moughrabi, Fouad (1986) Palestinians at the Crossroads: Where are We and Where Are We Going. Occasional Paper No. 1. Edited by Elie Zureik and Fouad Moughrabi. Series Editors: Fouad Moughrabi and Elia Zureik. Washington, D.C.: The International Center for Research and Public Policy; Kingston, Ont.: The Near East Cultural and Educational Foundation of Canada. Abstract: A concise summary of "key points, arguments and recommendations" on Palestinians institutions and the role of trained manpower, u.s.­Israel-Arab relations, the nature of the crisis, and the role of the Palestinian intellectuals in the West, resulting from a Conference of Palestinian Intellectuals at Columbia University in 1985. Keywords: manpower; education; vocational training; Palestinian; Israel; economy

47

AHHOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY III - FAMILY REUNIFICATION -

Abdel Hamid, [Princess) Dina (1988) Duet for Freedom. Foreword by John le care. Epilogue by Salah Ta'amari. London and New York. Quartet Books. Abstract: The personal story of an Arab woman (former wife of King Husayn) beginning in Sidon at the time of the Israeli invasion in 1982 and continuing through her ordeal resulting from the capture and imprisonment of her Palestinian husband and PLO official, Salah Ta' amari, by the Israelis. Keywords: gender (female); Palestine; PLO; Israel.

Abu-Helwa, Mussalkim Fayiz, Mussallam. (1991). "An Investigation of Palestinian Refugees and their Housing in Amman, Jordan." Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 51 (9) (March) 3242-A. Abstract: Jordan's capital city, Amman, has a population of about three­quarters of a million, many of whom originated from Palestine. 13 percent of these inhabitants - mainly the poorer ones - still live in refugee camps situated on the perimeter of the central city area. Another 14 percent live in crowded slum and squatter areas mainly located near the camps. Much of the rapid growth of Amman in recent decades has resulted from its continuing attractiveness, as a result of the job opportunities and cheap accommodation it has been able to offer the refugees. To date there has been little investigation of the refugees and their housing in the camps and their fringing areas, either in the form of official surveys or in more academic studies. Part one deals generally with the camps and the Palestinian refugee population. In Parts Two and Three the study investigates in some detail three camps and their fringing areas, in terms of their demographic, socio-economic and housing characteristics. Only limited variety was found in the characteristics of residents and their housing conditions across the case study areas. But the analysis revealed widespread housing overcrowding resulting from large family size and small, often makeshift housing. Although there has been much improvement of housing since the camps and their fringes were first built and the city authorities have also provided services, much of the housing still lacks more than the basic amenities. In spite of these poor conditions, levels of expressed housing satisfaction were quite high. But many of. those who said they were satisfied still expressed an intention to move. The quality of the residential environment characteristics seemed to be more important than poor quality housing in influencing housing satisfaction and the intention to move. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for a refugee housing policy which takes into account the expressed needs of the residents and deals with their dissatisfaction with neighbourhood conditions and overcrowding. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian)camps, housing, family, demography, economy, settlement-resettlement.

Abu-Lughod, J. (1988). "Palestinian exiles at Home and Abroad." Current Sociology/Sociologie Contemporaine, 36, (2) (summer) 61-69. Abstract The author argued that Palestinians differ from other refugees due to their forced exile status, a dislocation that is not dependent on actual relocation, and the inherited status of exile. The population of Palestinian exiles is estimated at 5.2 million, including Arabs in Israel, in the West Bank, and Gaza, in adjacent Arab states, in Gulf states and abroad. The author argued that the only solution to this problem is the restoration of Palestinian society on Palestinian soil, and the option of returning home for those abroad. A. Waters (Copyright 1989, Sociological Abstracts, Inc. all rights reserved.)

1

Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; diaspora; demography; West Bank; Gaza; Arab states; repatriation.

Aburish, Said. (1889) Children of Bethany: The Story of a Palestinian Family. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ix + 243 pp. Abstract: Aburish traces the history of Palestine by focusing on the experiences of the Aburish family. The books contains the reminiscences of the author and those of his extended family. The author portrays the patterns of daily life in the Palestinian village of Bethany; male-female relationships, social interaction, courtship practices, marriage and funerals. The personal narratives provide a window into the psychological conflicts which the Palestinian people had to grapple with, and throw light on their attitudes towards the British. The Aburish family, like other families, suffer from sibling rivalry, weakening family ties, as family members emigrate to search for greener pastures. In the end, the author uses his own experiences and that of his family to portray real life in a controversial era. Keywords: family (Palestinian); Bethany; gender (male/female); emigration.

Adelman, Howard. (1982) "Homeless Refugees and Displaced Persons in southern Lebanon, Resulting from the Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, June 1982", Refugee Documentation Project, York University, Toronto, August. . Abstract:The objectives of this project were four in the main: a)To clarify the number of homeless refugees and displaced persons in the aftermath of the August 1982 invasion, b)To describe the current living situation, c)To provide a record of agencies providing assistance, and, d)To discuss the policy issues involved. This was done through interviews with Israeli, Lebanese, Palestinians, Relief Workers, civil servants. The project also utilised secondary literature. The research showed that the number of homeless people had been overestimated due to the procedure adopted in counting the homeless, some of whom had lost their homes in the disturbances before 1982. Adelman concludes that: a. the number of homeless Lebanese and Palestinian refugee families arising out of the invasion of South Lebanon was around 10 000, and more likely 8 000 or 40 000 to 50 000; b. Almost all the homeless lived in alternated homes or doubled up with families and friends. Others used store fronts, schools, unfurnished apartments· or undamaged camps; c.there was no shortage of basic necessities such as blankets c. Water and sanitary conditions were inadequate. The study also lists a large number of UN and NGOs as assisting the Palestinians. A number of tentative observations were made. These include: !.Palestinians want to return to Lebanon (area now Israel) 2.Most Palestinians demoralized by PLO defeat. 3. No Palestinian interviewed seemed willing to live in Arab countries. He recommended that Canada should play a front line role in proposing ·a package of measures to end the stateless status of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon.pp.l-21. Keywords: displaced; refugees (Palestinians); NGOs; South Lebanon.

Adelman, Howard. (1984) "Palestinian Refugees and Durable Solutions: the 1984 Context." Centre for Refugee Studies, April, pp.l-6. Abstract: Adelman uses the Palestinian example as a case study to argue for a "more" durable solution to the problem of reintegrating refugees into their home country or their first country of asylum. He examines the various explanations emanating from the term durable solution and argues for long-term solution involving education and skills development •. Temporary shelter and economic assistance, Adelman argues, areby no means durable. The transformation of Palestinians into the best educated Arabs

2

in the Middle East (undertaken by UNRWA), enabled repatriated Palestinians to participate on a more equal footing. The oil boom of the 1960s and 1970s allowed Palestinians to migrate and utilize their skills and education in the Gulf States - Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon. Thus, Adelman suggests two lasting solutions to reintegration which, strictly speaking, merit the term"durable". These include the education, skills development and a political will which has to do with the political context of the host nation. He concludes that despite the fact that no two refugee situations are the same, the lessons of the Palestinian situation are very relevant in the quest for durable solutions to the problem of refugee reintegration. Keywords: reintegration; durable solution; Palestine; Syria; Gaza; Lebanon; UNRWA; education; political will.

Aharon, Fein. (1982) "Benefits to Returning Israelis. Need and Eligibility". International Migration. XX 3/4 • Abstract: The Study looks at Assistance offered to Israeli returnees from abroad to help them in the process of reacclimatization. The assistance program was for Israelis who left the country prior to April 1 1975 and returned between January 1, 1978, and August 31, 1979. It covered: a) loans for travel and shipment of belongings b) a 6-month free medical insurance c) mortgage availability for home produce d)assistance with tuition and living expenses during training and retraining. The project was done through mailed questionnaire completed by 448 respondents out of 1651 heads of families who assisted in the programme. One central concern was to examine those in actual need of assistance and who would not have returned but for the positive assurances of assistance. The author uses three statistical tables to present the finds of the of the central questions of the study, namely: a.the effect of the assistance programme on the decision to return to Israel; b.the relationship between the degree of effect of the programme on the returnees and the various categories of assistance; c.the degree of satisfaction with housing. A number of major findings were made. First, there was no uniformity in the economic condition of Israeli returnees. Second, no definitive answer can be given as to whether the programme achieved the goals it set out for itself. For example, returnees most affected by this programme tended to indicate a doubt concerning their continued stay in the country. Thus the resources allocated to enhance their integration did not further the long-term objective. However, the author sees the programme as one of great potential in improving the method of dealing with returnees. He also sees the categories of assistance given to returnees as insufficient. The final finding was that those returnees whose economic status was better less frequently applied for assistance. Keywords:returnees; (Israelis); assistance program; integration; settlement-resettlement.

Alami, I.M. (1985) "Roots of Refugee Behaviour: Source: Source Aspects of pre-1948 Socio­economic History of the Palestinian Refugees. " Paper presented to the Conference on "Twentieth century Refugees in Europe and the Middle East". Refugee Studies Programme, Oxford, and Refugee Documentation Project, York University Canada. Abstract: Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); right to return; settlement­resettlement; refugee categories (in-homeland-and-stateless).

Al-Bahr, Zahra (1989) "Women of the Camps (Lebanon)." Canadian Woman Studies, 10 (1) (spring): 46-48. Abstract: Zahra points out that camps are full of contradictory realities and therefore to focus on an aspect will lead to a distortion. The

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argument which is often made is that considerable amounts of progress have been made in camps - low infant mortality rate, vocational training, employability, literacy and several others. Whilst the author does not discount these gains, attention is drawn to certain pointers which lead to the fact that progress in the camps are superficial. For example, PLO statistics of 1978/79 are cited to show that only a very small percentage of Palestinian women have any kind of vocational diploma and there is residual literacy in the school-age population. Similarly, basic literacy in the camps did not open up the women to skilled employment. Finally, the closure of the Lebanese economy to Palestinians and low level income in camps do not allow for commercial development. Yet, the author does not discount altogether the vocational training in the camps. Camp women are flexible and industrious and these qualities should be utilized. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Lebanon; gender (women); West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; Israel; camps.

Al-Haj, M. "Adjustment Patterns of the Arab Internal Refugees in Israel." International Migration, 24 (3) (September) Abstract: Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; West Bank; Gaza; refugees­displaced persons.

Al-Haj, M. (1988). "The Arab Internal Refugees in Israel: The emergence of a Minority within the Minority." Immigrants and Minorities, 2 (7): 149-165. Abstract: The study focuses on the processes of involuntary migration of the Arab internal refugees in Israel - the displacement, movement and settlement and their patterns of adjustment. He points out that most studies on refugees have tended to focus on international refugees rather than internal refugees. He argues that when Arab-Jewish relations are examined in terms of minority-majority relations, Arab refugees are on the "periphery of the periphery". The research indicates that displacement and the search for asylum is a common ph~nomenon in the case of both internal and external refugees. However, one major difference worthy of note is that internal refugees remain within the confines of their country and are therefore not so completely uprooted, unlike external refugees who are completely displaced from their social, economic and political contexts. Thus they have to make adjustments on two fronts - the host communities and the wider communities. Palestinian refugees have the status of external refugees. At the community level, they are refugees but at the larger societal level, they merge within the larger Arab community.· He also concludes that economic adjustment occurs relatively faster over time than social adjustment. Keywords: migration; displacement; refugees (Palestinians); UNRWA; asylum; adjustment;

Al-Haj, Majid. (1987) Social change and Family Processes. Arab Communities in Shefar-A'm. Brown University Studies in Population and Development. Boulder, Colo., and London: Westview Press, published in cooperation with the Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University.pp.l76. Abstract: Using an interdisciplinary approach and an anthropological, sociological and demographic methods, the study traces the family structure and family lifestyles in a Palestinian town in Israel - Shefar­A'm. It focuses on three familial units - kinship structure, the extended family and the nuclear family. It encompasses moslems, christians, and the Druze community. The intricacies of interaction among and between these groups are analyzed. The analysis revealed a dynamic interaction among the familial units and between them and the broader population and development processes and this has impacted on the economic, political and demographic structure of the community.

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Keywords: family patterns; demography; gender; Shefar-A'm; moslem; Cruze; christian.

Al-Haq (1989) Al-Haq Annual Report on Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories Al-Haq, Ramallah, West Bank Affiliate, International Commission of Jurists, 672 p. Abstract: Extensive range of topics covered, types of human rights violations under 15 general headings, accountability and investigations and the role of the international community. Keywords: Human Rights; Palestine. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Haq (1989) Punishing a Nation: Human Rights Violations During the Palestinian Uprising, December 1987 through December 1988 Al-Haq, Ramallah, West Bank Affiliate, International Commission of Jurists, 335 p. Abstract: Comprehensive review of human rights violations during Intifida -Palestinian infrastructure, justice, use of force, harassment, medical and education aspects. Keywords: Intifida; Human Rights; Palestinians. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Haq (1991) Protection Denied: Continuing Israel Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territories Al-Haq, Ramallah, West Bank Affiliate, International Commission of Jurists, 213 p. Abstract: Describes violations of human rights including family reunification, women,. use of force, education and the role of the international community. Keywords: Palestinians; Human Rights; Social Development; Family Reunification. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Naser, Fahed Aqil, Mahmoud Abdulla. (1986) The Palestinian Family in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and 1967. Dissertation Abstracts International, The Humanities and Social Sciences 47, (July) 322-A 138pp. Abstract: The research study investigated the changes that occurred within the Palestinian family in the West Bank and Gaza Strip after 1967. The author adopted the historicaldescriptive as well as the survey and the in­depth interview method of research (thereby combining primary sources and secondary sources. It was found out that many changes have occurred in the Palestinian family. The results demonstrated that the Palestinian family as it now exists does not adequately function to meet the needs of the growing Palestinian children. Western life style as represented in Israeli institutions has led to new social relationships among the Western Bankers and the Palestinians of the Gaza Strip. Political factors and the weakness of Palestinian institutions, particularly the family, have prevented the Palestinians from playing a positive role in the planning of their own modernization process. The results showed that the Palestinian family in the occupied territories became subjected to a process of nucleation. Father's control over their children declined, the number of unmarried females increased, and sudden increases in the rates of dowry and divorce occurred. Palestinian families who had more direct contact with the Israelis were beset with new problems which had not previously been matters of serious concern, such as illegitimate children, smoking of marijuana, and a rising divorce rate. The occupied Palestinian family lives in an atmosphere of tension and fear accompanied by a high rate of

5

inflation and lack of medical care. Survey responses indicated that the Palestinian family was more stable before 1967 than it is at the present time. keywords: family (Palestinian); West Bank; Gaza; stability.

Al-Naser, Fahed. (1986) Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Homogamous and Heterogamous Marriages in Kuwait. Dissertation Abstracts International. A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 47, (9) (March). pp.l78. Abstract: In recent years a new social structure has developed in Kuwait. The spread of education of members of both sexes, cultural contact with Western and Eastern worlds, and significant immigration of foreigners to Kuwait have led to a more heterogamous society has experienced an increase in the incidence of heterogamous marriages, not only in terms of nationality, but also in terms of religion, sect and caste. A systematic random sample of couples has been drawn from Kuwait's marriage statistics of 1974 and 1984, with regard to age, nationality, caste, education and occupation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The frequency and percentage distributions of various heterogamous and homogamous marriages were presented, and chi-square tests were applied to test hypotheses. The study's results showed that the general age at marriage decreased for men and slightly increased for women between 1974 and 1984. The general mean age difference between husbands and wives decreased across the decade. Kuwaitis showed an increase in marrying across religious lines, especially among highly educated men and those holding high status. keywords: marriage; Kuwait;

Alternative Information Centre (1992) "The Rights to Family Unity: The Denial of Residency to Spouses of Non­Jewish Citizens of Israel: A Preliminary Report by the Israeli-Palestinian Project for Family Reunification". Booklet produced by the Alternative Information Centre, West Jerusalem, lSp. Abstract: Provides four examples of the difficulties faced by family members, including internment, deportation, the legal basis for residency in Israel. Keywords: Palestinians; Family Reunification; Israel. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Ashkinasi Abraham (1990) "The International Institutionalization of a Refugee Problem The Palestinians and UNRWA." The Jerusalem J(f)urnal of International Relations. Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 45-69. Abstract: The author discusses different categories of refugees and proposes four options to solve their Problems Repatriation forced or voluntary, Resettlement in the immediate area adjoining the homeland'­integration outside the immediate region and the establishment of permanent refugees camps, the last option is the most elaborated. Keywords: Refugees; Resettlement; Repatriation. Available from: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.

Ata, I.W. (1986) The West Bank Palestinian Family. London, New York and Sydney: KPI. xiii + 137pp. Abstract: Based on surveys administered in towns, villages and refugee camps, this is a comprehensive study of the evolution of the Palestinian family on the West Bank. After discussing the political and socio-economic environment as well as the way in which the survey was administered, Ata examines the evolution in the family from the standpoint of demographic characteristics, honour and blood relations, family authority structure,

6

marital adjustment and dynamics. The main purpose of the study is to identify what changes, if any, the Palestinian family in exile has undergone during the last three generations "in exile". keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; west Bank; settlement­resettlement

Ata, Ibrahim Wade (1986) The West Bank Palestinian Family KPI, London, U.K., 166 p. Abstract: Keywords: West Bank; Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Baker, Ahmad M. (1990) "The Psychological Impact of the Intifada on Palestinian Children in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza: An Exploratory Study." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 4 (October): 496-505. Abstract: With the help of four university graduates majoring in psychology or sociology, Baker looks at the mental health of Palestinian children who live in the occupied West Bank with special reference to their psychological status and behaviourial symptoms. 300 families in all (200 in the West Bank; 100 in Gaza) were selected according to a stratified scheme based on place of residence, population density, and family size. The prevalence and degree of reported psychological and behaviourial problems indicate that Palestinian children in the occupied West Bank and Gaza strip may be suffering from potential behaviourial and psychological symptoms. At a more precise level, nearly half .of Palestinian children are terrified of Israeli soldiers; more than a quarter fear to leave their house. However, he did not find evidence to show that fear had reached a phobic level. He also found that disobedience among Palestinian children poses a problem. Fighting and disturbing others were also prevalent. The data also suggested that jealousy, irresponsibility and difficulty in awakening may pose a problems among Palestinian children. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Intifada; demography; Israel; refugee categories; (refugee warriors); demography; health; West Bank; Gaza.

Baker, R. Draft (1984) "Parentless Refugee Children: The Question of Adoption". London, British Refugee Council, 22p. [Published in Adoption Essays in Social Policy, Law and Sociology. Bean, P. (ed.) London, Tavistock, 1984]. Abstract: This article discuss the dramatic situation of parent less refugee children, in particular of those who are sent out as 'anchors' and its psychological, legal and ethical issues. It stresses that the controversial question of adoption. The question of who he is and what he is bedevils the parentless refugee child. Refugee children need security, warmth, and a sense of belonging. The children need care, and assistance in camps or countries of resettlement where a community or foster home might be available. It is evident that there are people of goodwill and sound motivation in western countries willing to love and care for parentless refugee children through adoption or fostering. One issue under debate is that at some point in time, the child's best interests are served by being adopted. Despite the significant differences between biological and psychological parenting, the parentless refugee child (who has had no contact with with the family) does not worry about being cared for by black, white or pink people. He calls for more research into the implications and outcomes of adoption of children in countries of secondary asylum. keywords: refugees (children); adoption; country of first asylum; country of secondary asylum.

Barakat, Halim I. (1973)

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River Without Bridges: a Study of the Exodus of 1967. Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies. 64pp. + 26 plates. Abstract: Barakat's study looks at the exodus of Palestinian Arabs who traversed the River Jordan to become refugees on the Eastern Bank in June and July 1967. Together with a team ofresearchers, Barakat spent two weeks living in tents in Camp Zeezya and in Amman, interviewing refugees. In all, they gathered case studies of 122 refugee families, about 800 in total. The target population was mostly the family - responsible members of the family. The major finding was that there was strong evidence of links between refugee families and their homes and home communities. Contrary to reports in some western media to the effect that refugees ahd no wish to return, the researchers found a strong urge on the part of refugee families to return home. Many were, however, of the opinion that Israel would not allow such an eventuality. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced persons (1967); Israel; West Bank; Gaza.

Barakat, Halim I. (1973). "The Palestinian Refugees: An Uprooted Community seeking Repatriation." International Migration Review, (summer): 147-161~ Abstract: keywords: refugees (Palestinian); repatriation; settlement-resettlement; law; Israel; refugees-displaced persons.

Bard Mitchell, (1989) "Homeless in Gaza: Arab Mistreatment of Palestinian Refugees". Policy Review, 47, Winter 1989, pp.36-42. Abstract: Mitchell looks at the Palestinian refugee problem. He traces it to the Arab rejection of the UN partition resolution of 1947. He points to shooting and incessant bombing and argues that Palestinian flight from wartime hazards was not entirely motivated by panic. It was d~e to the encouragement to leave their homes to make way for the invading armies. After talking about Arab refusal to contribute to any development plan to resettle refugees, he touches on refugee racketeering such as inclusion of names of dead family members in the family list so as to be able to collect his or her ration. He asserts that the 1967 war again displaced Palestinians from the occupied territories. He cites King Hussein's failure to stay out of the war as a key factor in the loss of Palestinian homes in the West Bank. He also attributes part of the blame to Arab countries for their failure to help resettle refugees. keywords: West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian); settlement; repatriation; UNRWA; demography.

Batrawi, Khaled Al- and Rabbani, Mouin (1991) "Breaking-Up of Families: A Case Study in the Creeping Transfer" (Palestine) Race and Class, London, 32, 4, 1991, pp.35-44. Abstract: Keywords: Palestinians; Family reunification

Beck, H.G. (1977) "Problem of Family Reunion for Humanitarian Reasons", Migration News, 3, July-September. pp.23-26. Abstract: The author outlines the genesis of the attempt to reunite families, especially by the Red Cross, the UNHCR and the ICR which preceded it. Family reunion is defined (in international humanitarian circles) as cases where members of one and the same family have been scattered as a result of events external to their will and where they need exit or entry visas. Beck sketches a historical outline of family reunion and the legal bases for Red Cross action. The writer hopes that understanding on the humanitarian level would eventually bring mutual confidence and understanding on other levels. keywords: family reunion; Red Cross; UNHCR, repatriation.

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Bendt, I. and Downing, J. (1982) We Shall Return: Women of Palestine. Zed Press. 129 pp. Abstract: A sympathetic portrayal of Palestinian women, mainly in the Rashidiyyah camp in southern Lebanon during the late 1970s. The authors chronicle the prominent role of women in the Palestinian struggle. They argue that for women, the sruggle for family survival is a daily affair. Even though the Palestinian society is a patriarchal one, women provide tremendous support to the men in the fight against the Israelis. They also support each other, take care of the children, do all the household work, and above all eke out a living from the harsh conditions (tending farms and gathering harvests) to suplement family needs. Indeed it is women's responsibility to maintain social relations and thus preserve the close­knit exiled community. It was a community where family means a lot, as in the rest of the Arab world. The final point made is that the work of women takes place in the context Israeli bombing which often disrupts and destroys their work. Yet in spite of all the obstacles - war, tribulation and death, and in spite of opposition from their men, Palestinian women continue to play avery prominent role in the liberation struggle and they teach their children to believe in the revolution. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); gender; Israel; Lebanon; Camps; refugees-displaced persons 91970); right to return.

Brand, L. (1988) "Palestinians in Syria: The Politics of Integration." Middle East Journal, 42 (autumn) Abstract: keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Syria; settlement-resettlement; human resources; housing; refugees-displaced persons.

Brink, Judy H. (1991) "The Effect of Emigration of Husbands on the Status of their Wives: An Egyptian Case", Int. Journal.of Middle East Studies, 23, 201-211. Abstract: Through participant observation and interviews of a sample of 79 women, Judy Brink assesses the effect of education and employment on the status of women in the city of Sadeeq. She compares the status of a subsample of women whose husbands were away with that of women whose husbands were at home. Judy asserts that a woman's status improves when her husband moves from his father's home to establish his household - a move which takes place only when the man is able to do so. She becomes the female head of household and allocates the food money which her husband gives her monthly. The women whose husbands were abroad were found to be uneducated and without jobs. To a very large extent they depend on the remittances sent home by their husbands. The criteria for measuring a change in status: ability to allocate food money; money for routine expenditures; for educational supplies; and ability to decide on expensive purchases. The effect of migration was that families with migrant husbands were able to build nuclear family house sooner than most and were able to control food money at a comparably younger age. In the absence of husbands, wives in nuclear families gained decision-making power in expensive purchases. However, with uneducated wives, husbands continued to make decisions concerning expensive purchases. One of the major findings was that in the absence of husbands, women in nuclear families were free to visit freinds and relatives without permission. Thus, emigration improved the autonomy of some of the women keywords: migration-emigration; gender (women); family.

Callea, saverio, (1986) "Different Forms, Reasons and Motivations for Return Migration of Persons who Voluntarily Decide to Return to Their Countries of Origin", International Migration, XXIV, I. pp.61-76. Abstract: The paper analyzes the situation arising out of the 1973 petroleum shock, especially the conditions relating to the return of

9

emigrants to certain countries of Southern Europe. Callea posits that migratory movement in Europe originated only in the last century as a response to the economic imbalances resulting from diverse forms of economic development. He argues further that emigration has been an important part of development in Northern European countries. Emigration has provided large quantities of labour which is prepared to work for low wages in the poorest paid, heaviest, and most dangerous and monotonous type of work - no longer attractive to local workers. Their presence stimulated activity, revived demand in certain products, and remittances home helped to finance development. Widespread unemployment in the recepient country, however, quickly leads to a policy of containment of refugees, resulting in a flow of departures - both voluntary and part provoked. Four main reasons are assigned for the desire to return home. They include: a.Family needs; b.difficulty in working abroad; c.possibility of work in the home country; d. personal reasons. He thus concludes that the oil boom of 1973 created a situation whereby some countries found themselves saddled with an unexpected situation of having to live with people of different ethnic groups with different religious customs. The levels of foreign workers decreased as departures to home country was not compensated for by replacements. In the final analysis the return of emigrants represented a wasted opportunity because inadequate preparation was made to receive them. keywords: migration-emigration; labour; repatriation; economy; family.

Cheal, B. (1988) "Refugees in the Gaza Strip, December 1948-May 1950." Journal of Palestine Studies, 18(2). keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people 1948); Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement.

Christian Science Monitor, Sept 17, 1991 Headline: "Palestinians Cope with Another Upheaval" Abstract: The ordeal of a Palestinian family uprooted from Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War is discussed. Keywords: Middle East, Families and Family Life, Palestinians, Persian Gulf Crisis, Social Conditions and Trends, Middle East, Refugees.

Cohen, A. (1986). "Israeli Arabs: Housing Conditions." New Outlook, 28 (April). keywords: refugees (Palestinian); settlement-resettlement; Israel; self­determination; West Bank; Gaza.

Collins, F. (1990) "Tearing Apart Palestinian Families: Is it a Prelude to Population Transfer?". The Return, 2 (6). keywords: refugees (Palestinian); demography; Right to return; settlement­resettlement; Israel.

Cossali, P. and Robson, C. (1986) Stateless in Gaza. London: Zed Press. Abstract: A portrayal of life in the Gaza Strip-the position of women, the occupation, and the resistance - largely through a patchwork of passages from interviews with a cross-section of the territory's residents (to be fleshed out) keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; Gaza; PLO; self-determination; camps; gender (women); economy; human resources; UNRWA.

Cruz, Juan E. Hernandez. (1986) Abstract: The study explores the circulatory movement of Puerto Rican families and the events which influence the adaptation process when they return to Puerto Rico, as well their aspects of cultural identity. The analysis lays stress on the circulators' point of view. The sample is

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drawn selectively using a segmented or segregated technique. This was to ensure diversity in the sample - recent returnees, second generation Puerto Ricans. The data was collected by means of a life history matrix and an open ended questionnaire. Cruz found out that migrants expressed discontent with the economic situation (the high unemployment rate) - 58%; discrimination in their own country and lack of medical facilities as well as discontent with the public transit system. Thus the families have serious difficulties finding economic stability and would probably consider migrating again. keywords: Reintegration; circulating families; migration/ international migration; adaptation; cultural identity; social mobility.

Damian, Natalia. (1984) "Immigrants and their Occupational Absorption: The Israeli Case", In~erna~ional Higra~ion, XXII, 4. pp. Abstract: Natalia damian looks at the occupational absorption of new immigrants in Israel. The study is based upon a statistical data and a number of sociological studies. It concentrates on three levels of occupational absorption: a. Immigrants' satisfaction with their work in Israel b. Similarity between jobs held abroad and in Israel c. Degree of occupational status persistence. The writer states that Israel is a country of immigrants and with immigrants (as diaspora Jews return to their homeland). Several factors are given for the immigration of diaspora Jews. Special attention is paid to the Ministry of absorption which conducts special tours for immigrants to places of employment, publishes information on conditions of employment in various professions, Job training etc. Statistical surveys on immigrant absorption indicates that in the 1974-1980 period 80% of immigrants were employed on the year of their arrival, whereas it was 91% three years after arrival. However, data analyzed showed that immigrants' occupational absorption is selective and that female immigrants are more occupationally mobile. keywords: Immigrants; Israel; occupational mobility; occupational absorption; diaspora.

Danziger, Nira. (1984) "The Contagion Effect, An Additional Aspect in the Dynamics of Emigration: the Case of Israel". In~erna~ional Higra~ion, XXII, 1. ~p.33-43. Abstract: The paper examined the effect of reference groups on emigration. Specifically, it discusses the mechanism of social contagion in terms of the influence of emigrants on the individuals' incentive to emigrate. ~his theoretical paradigm is related to the dynamics of emigration in Israel and the negative attitudes towards emigrants in Israel. Danziger's analysis suggests that when Israeli emigrants do well abroad, other Israelis will cosider leaving their country. Conversely, adverse economic and social conditions overseas are likely to discourage other Israelis from leaving Israel. Thus emigrants serve as a reference group that affects the decisions of others to emigrate contrary to a social emphasis on national fidelity. keywords: emigration (Yerida); Israel; contagion effect voluntary migration.

Darvish, Tikva (1985) Changes in ~he employmen~ S~ruc~ure of Iraqi Jewish Immigran~s ~o Israel. Abstract:Tikva Darvish looks at the changes in employment structure of Iraqi Jewish immigrants who took advantage of the Israeli government Law of Return 1950 (which allows diaspora Jews to immigrate and become citizens) to migrate from Iraq to Israel. He looks specifically at the changes in the employment structure before and after migration. Data on age, education, area of origin in Iraq etc. derives from Israeli

11

population census (20\ of the questionnaire) Darvish argues that the employment of Iraqi Jews changed significantly upon migration to Israel. The study finds that in the services, agriculture, construction and transportation, the number of those employed in Israel was greater than those employed in Iraq. On the other hand, the percentage decreases for commerce, industry and crafts. The methodology adopted was the logit model to determine inter-branch mobility. He stresses that thedeterminants of migration in this case flow not from economic but political and ideological considerations. The study found out that there is a negative correlation between education and mobility. In addition it was found that the wider the range of employment opportunities in Iraq, (in the centre of Baghdad) the lower the range of mobility. keywords: diaspora, migrants(Jews), employment, Iraq, Israel, Law of Return, resettlement, integration, mobility.

Dayan-Herzbrun, Sonia (1989) "Palestinian Women in the Intifada. Their Political Combat; Femmes dans l'Intifada. Le Combat politique des Palestiniennes." Peuples MediterraneensjMediterranean Peoples, 48 & 49 (July/December): 241-256. Abstracts: The intifada (Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule in the occupied territories) has significantly increased women's political visibility, leading to the creation of a modern national community and to the weakening of the clan system. Analysis of the symbolic role of women's participation shows that gains are being made in many social areas; however, feminists do not openly discuss questions of sexuality. Adapted from the source document. (Copyright 1991, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.) keywords: refugees (Palestinian); intifada; P.L.O.; refugee categories (refugee warriors); West Bank; Gaza; Israel; gender (women).

DeJong, Gordon F., Root, Brenda Davis. and Abad, Ricardo G. (1986) "Family Reunification and Phillipine Migration to the United states. The Immigrants' Perspective", International Migration Review XX, 3. (Fall): 598-611. Abstract: The authors look at the impact of family reunification provisions in the United States Innigration Policy for legal immigrants from the Phillipines. Immigration and Naturalization data on the changing pattern of Philippine immigration to the US between 1971 and 1984 shows an increase of nearly two and half times in the number of immediate family members exempt from numerical limitations, adoubling in the number of immigrants entering under family preference categories, but a marked decline in the number of occupational preference immigrants. Immigration­related perspectives are also analyzed. A family reunification-based typology has been constructed to categorize intended and actual immigrants to the United States. Using this typology, systematic differences are reported for out-migration plans, family contacts, the immigration process , and the characteristics of intended and actual immigrants. keywords: family reunification; immigrants (Philippines); demography;

Document A/C.3/43/WG.1/wp.1 of 20 May (1988): Text of the Preamble and Articles of the International Convention on the Protection of all Migrant Workers and their Families.

Adopted on Second Reading by the Working Group', Open-Ended Working Group on the Drafting of an International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and their Families Dodd, Peter and Barakat, Halim (1969)

Doumani Beshara (March/April 1989) "Abu Farid's House. Family and Politics in Salfit". Middle East Report, 19 :28-33 Abstract: Doumani looks at the dynamics (social and political) of a

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Palestinian family through the prism of Abu Farid's family. The setting is Salfit, a town of about 6 000 inhabitants situated in the rolling hill of the West Bank. Doumain talks about the problem the family goes through as it struggles to survive. Abu Farid had struggled from age 13, when he trekked to Galilee where he delivered messages by bicycle for 7 years. He joined the Palestinian National Liberation League in 1950 and was arrested, beaten and imprisoned several times. Until 1962, the family lived in abject poverty. Finally, he travelled to the West Bank like several others. He took 10 years to save money to build an annex to the original family home. He was able to educate one of his sons up to the university level, the other dropped out of school. However, the son's education did not land him in a job. His was the plight of several Palestinians. His involvement in student activities landed him in prison ( his mother died in the course of the court proceedings) • Doumani therefore portrays a family situation where everyone seems to have a social environment of his own and the differing work schedules hardly allowed the family to function as a unit and sit together for family rituals. The different sets of realities arising from successive and profound changes in the Palestinian society over the past 40 years has resulted in a situation where family members have a world view different from and in conflict with other members of the family. The matriarchy as a central nexus around which the family revolves is non-existent. Despite the poverty the Farid family is better off than 40 000 or more illegal Palestinians who sell the services to Israeli contractors on a daily basis. keywords: Salfit; West Bank; family; migration; poverty; politics.

Dumon, w. (1986) "Problems Faced by Migrations and Their Family Members, Particularly Second Generation Migrants, in Returning to and Reintegrating into Their Countries of Origin", International Migration, XXIV, I, (March). Abstract: The paper primarily dealt with voluntary return migration in Europe of second generation migrants and problems faced in the country of origin. The author's analysis calls for cooperation between the host country and the country of origin. keywords: voluntary return; compulsory return; reintegration.

Dumon, w.A. (1981) "The Situation of Migrant Women workers", International Migration, XIX, I/2. pp.190-209. Abstract: Dumon examined the problems faced by migrant women workers in Europe. The author placed more emphasis on migrant women and the labor market. He showed that the situation of migrant women workers depended on their marital status, nationality, and personal characteristics such as age and education. He concluded that in most cases the motive for work was often family-related, and available jobs were household related. These factors curtail prospects for upward social mobility. keywords: migrants (female); labor; unemployment; wages; working hours; job satisfaction; trade unions; strikes.

Dumon, W.A. (1989) "Family and Migration", International Migration, XXVII, 2 251-270.(8th. ICM Seminar on Migration: The Impact of Migration on Social Structures. Geneva. 13-16 September, 1988). Abstract: Duman deals with the effects of migration on family structure, and on adaptation and integration of families into receiving countries. It is emphasized that the family as a unit has become central to migration studies and this has led to the conclusion that migration is not always for the benefit of the immigrant. Families sometimes sacrifice some of their members for the welfare of another member or the family as a whole. The paper concludes that the focus of international migration on the organization and reorganizational effects of families show that

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international migration is not the phenomenon of the undeprivileged class alone. Consequently, there is the need for longitudinal research on the relationship between family and migration - the reorganizational and disorganizational features. The author also points out that new theoretical approaches recognise the social organizational factor - the importance of the family as a source and resource of material and immaterial goods. Again, new theoretical developments have shifted the focus from global factors to strategies being employed by the immigrants themselves. keywords: family; migration; adaptation; integration.

Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. (1954) 1955 The Absorption of Immigrants: Comparative Study Based Mainly on the Jewish Community in Palestine and the State of Israel. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press. Abstract: Keywords: Palestinians; family reunification; Israel

ESCAP Secretariat. (1986) "The Return of International Labour Migrants in the ESCAP Region", International Migration, XXIV, 1, pp.129-145. Abstract: The paper examines temporary labour migration to the Middle East from Asia. Primarily, it considers problems faced by migrants and their families when they return to their countries of origin. The paper is divided into three subsections: a) Problems encountered before emigration; b) Problems encountered during the stay overseas, and c) After overseas or return to the home of origin. The paper argues that no programs exist for the reintegration of returning migrant workers. Rather, policies concerning returning migrants are mainly remittances. The paper concludes that remittances from overseas is among the three major sources of foreign exchange earnings. It also posits that the rapidity of the labour migration has overwhelmed governments as well as the formulation of international labour policies. It argues that policies which are instituted before migration - recruitment, working conditions, banking arrangements - would in the long run be more beneficial than those which seek to monitor their welfare after the return. It also calls for more rigorous studies of the problem in the context of theories and social change paradigms. keywords: migrants; ESCAP; Middle East; Asia; reintegration.

Fernea, Elizabeth (1986) "Women and Family in Development Plans in the Arab East" in Abu-Laban, B and Abu s. Mcirvin (eds.) The Arab World: Dynamics of Development. (International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology) • Lei den: E. J. Bovill. pp.81-88. Abstract: The role of women and family in economic development in the Middle East has often been misunderstood. One reason for this has been western ethnocentrism which believes that only when Third World Countries implement development patterns and industrial patterns common to the west, will they triumph over poverty. The unstated assumption in the case of women is that only when Third World women cast off their cultural backwardness, traditional homebound roles as wives and mothers within the family unit, and participate in the public world of production like western women will their difficulties cease. In the case of Middle East women, the diversity of their situation has been ignored, including their agricultural and craft labour in the home, and their assumption of the role of the household head. Thus development plans to benefit women and the family must take into account a wide variety of economic arrangements, and recognise the symbiosis between the formal and informal economic sectors. keywords: family; gender (women); Middle East; development;

Ghabra, s. N. (1987)

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Palestinians in Kuwait: The Family and the Politics of Survival. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. Abstract: A study of the Palestinian Community in Kuwait, particularly of peasants and intellectuals who migrated there during the first few years after the beginning of the diaspora in 1948 and of the personal-especially familial networks that enabled the community to survive. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Kuwait; demography; settlement­resettlement, refugees-displaced persons

Ghabra, Shafeeq. (1988) "Palestinians in Kuwait: The Family and the Politics of Survival", Journal of Palestine Studies, XVI, 2, (Winter), pp.62-68. Abstract: No Palestinian society existed geographically by the end of 1948. Their uprooting and dispersal threatened to destroy the entire fabric of Palestinian life. However, the strength of the pre-1948 family, neighbourhood, village, town, and friendship cummulatively constituted the central rallying point around which a new Palestinian superstructure was built. Thus the family proved to be a decisive institution in the survival of Palestinians as a nation. Familial networks cushioned the vicissitudes of the Palestinians. The study argued that crises and challenges of the new and unpredictable environment have been basic to the cohesion of the Palestinian family. keywords: refugees (Palestinians); displaced persons; Kuwait; family; settlement-resettlement.

Gilad, Lisa. (1989) Ginger and Salt: Yemeni Jewish Women in an Israeli Town. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, xiii + 274pp. Abstract: The book is an anthropological study of women and migration, focusing on two generations of Jewish Yemeni women in Israel. The author examines the changes in the lives of the immigrant generation and contrasts it with the. altered conditions for the second generation in Israeli society. Documenting the creation of new cultural patterns in the family and society according to the perceptions of the women themselves, Gilead looks at the striking way in which the two generations have sought to accommodate the conflicting imperatives of the past and the social realities of the present. The "invented" status of living as unmarried, working women, a state unknown and unacceptable in the old days in Yemen, is particularly notable. Gilad looks at how such changes have affected cultural belief systems and the structure of family relationships. keywords: migration; Yemen; generation; family/household; integration; gender (women) ·

Guendelsberger, John. (1988) "The Right to Family Unification in French and United States Immigration Law", Cornell International Law Journal, 1, 42. Abstract: Guendelsberger examines the problems involved in reconciling the interests of the United States in controlling immigration with a citizen or alien's right to be joined by members of his or her immediate family and compares this to the situation in France. Immigrants to the Unites States are selected according to a preference system which puts a ceiling on the number of people who can enter from a particular country. In a situation where the applicant's country has a high demand for u.s. immigration, the application has to wait for a very long time for a visa. As a result spouses joining their partners from Mexico and the Philippines for example, may have to wait for about a year while thier counterparts from other countries enter immediately. According to the Reform and Control Act of 1986, relatives who enter the US illegally may, under certain circumstances, be allowed to stay as legal residents as opposed to law abiding people waiting in line for a visa. The right to family life as a fundamental constitutional right which was recognized in by the Conseil d'Etat in 1978, annulled administrative

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regulations which interfered with a resident's alien's right to be joined by a minor child or spouse. Thus French courts have protected the right to family unity in immigration law decisions. Sections of the article compare and contrastthe principal developments of family unification policy in France and the u.s. as well as the sources of constitutional protection of family unity for residents and citizens. The last section assesses whether recognition of a constitutional right to family unification should act to mitigate otherwise enforceable grounds for exclusion or expulsion. keywords: family; reunion; Unites States; France; citizen; resident alien; constitutional right; immigrants.

Hatab, Zuheir. (1982) "Crisis of the Lebanese Family", The Jerusalem Quarterly, 25 (Fall): 27-30. Abstract: Hatab avers that the civil war in Lebanon has taken its toll in human and material losses, and has shattered the social institutions and structures of the country, especially the family. Statistics show a sharp decline in marriage in the early period of the Lebanese war, reaching a peak when the awar was at its worst. In 1977-78, there was relative improvement in public order and he asserts that one should look for an explanation in the material costs involved in establishing a new family such as dowry, housing, furnishing, sustenance and others. These constituted serious obstacles to marriage. Simil"arly, inflation, limited employment opportunities, the recurrent evacuation, security conditions -forced and voluntary migration - have all impacted seriously on young people of marriageable age. Marriage was becoming too costly in material and immaterial terms. Finally, the point is made that the war had severely shaken the power structure of the family. keywords: family (Lebanese); marriage; civil war.

Ichilov, Orit. (1981) "The Changing Position of the Family in the Kibbutz", The Jerusalem Quarterly, 25 (Spring): 85-91. Abstract: The paper examines the changing position of the family in the kibbutz with special attention to the significance of the emergence of extended families in the kibbutz based on a recent study. The study looks at four kibbutzim located in the country, three of which were established in the 1920s and early 1930s. Data was collected from 1969-1978. The size of each kibbutz and the number of extended family members were recorded. The second interest was in finding out whether members of the extended families (composed of people related to each other by blood or marriage ties and living in the same kibbutz were overepresented in central positions in the kibbutz. Thirdly, the researchers were concerned to find out if members of extended families enjoyed advantageous positions concerning rewards. The findings of the study indicated that the percentage of extended family members in the four kibbutzim ranged from 7.4 to 13.4%. It was also found out that in 2 of the kibbitzim, extended family members were over.:. represented and that it was only in two of the kibbutzim was the advantage of the extended family members prevalent. The study also found out that women in the kibbutz society are increasingly moving into female and familial roles. Thus family patterns in the kibbutz show that the family had come to play an important role within kibbutz society over the years. keywords: family; kibbutz; Israel.

International Catholic Migration Commission "The family, a Guarantee of Successful Migration", Migration. Informative Series. Abstract: The ICMC recognises that the post war demand for immigrants tended to be in favour of "working units". Very limited regulation governed families. In recent times when immigration and emigration have to deal with separated families, the ICMC inscribed in its statutes the aim

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to struggle for the rights of migrating families. Thus this document shows that migration by family units is more advantageous to the country and to the migrant than manpower migration from a purely economic point of view. It also aim to present in a short form, the most important practical problems of family migration. The pamphlet is divided into four main chapters. The first deals with reasons for family migration; the second with actual obstacles and facilities concerning family migration, stressing on the existing laws and regulations on admission of families, and concrete questions which must be resolved by the emigrant and his family before departure. The third chapter presents and abridged survey of existing country-by-country welfare provisions for immigrant families. The final chapter focuses on family reunion in the case of separated families. keywords: migration; family; ICMC; integration; generation; separation; reunion; Canada; France; Spain; Italy.

International Committee of the Red Cross (1991) "International committee of the Red Cross: Central Tracing Agency" International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland, 12 p. Abstract: Booklet explaining the activities undertaken by the Committee, including historical development of news exchange, tracing, family reunification, repatriations, document services. Keywords: Human Rights; Family Reunification. Available froa: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1991) The Movement and Refugees Paper presented to the 26th International conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, Budapest, Hungary, November-December 1991, 30 p. Abstract: Explains the humanitarian role of the movement, activities related to refugees, displaced persons, asylum seekers and displaced persons 1986 to 1991, including the Middle East. Keywords: Gulf States; Human Rights; Refugees. Available from: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

Kamiar, M.S. and Ismail, H.F. (1991) "Family Ties and Economic Stability Concerns of Migrant Labour Families in Jordan", International Migration, XXIX, 4 (Dec. 1991): 561-571. Abstract: Kamiar and Ismail set out to study the social consequences of labour migration on families in Jordan - changes in family ties and economic stability between sets of families: those· accompanied by the family head and those that were not. They note that socio-economic conditions in the Middle East is an important in the migration of families from the poor to the rich oil-producing-countries. Data was gathered from poor, middle class and rich areas Amman, Jordan. 79 families divided in two (those who did not accompany and those who did not, to see the effect on the two samples. A number of conclusions were reached. a.Accompanied families were affected more by labour migration than non­accompanied one. b.Labour migration reduced traditional relationships with extended families - it weakened traditional family ties. c.Labour migration tends to enlarge intra-family problems and family ties were enhanced. d. Accompanied families had less family problems. keywords: international migration; migrants(Jordanians); family (accompanied, unaccompanied, extended); economic stability; host country; gender (men and women).

Koppel, Urs Dr. (1978) "The Migrant Family in Six European Countries", Migration News, Jan-Mar, pp.26-31. Abstract: In preparation for its 1980 session on "The Migrant Family", the Catholic Committee for Intra-European Migration (CCIEM) circulated a

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questionnaire on the migrant family (family reunion policy and social atructure of the foreign family) to six european countries - FRG; Austria; Switzerland; Italy; France and Portugal. On family reunion policy, the conclusion drawn was that it was governed in most countries by political and economic considerations. It was recognised in all cases, family reunion issues get less than a fair hearing. It is almost always churches and voluntary agencies which introduce it into the debate. Thus, all the countries allow family reunion but under different conditions. On the issue of social structure of foreign families in the transformation process to which migration gives rise, the major conclusion was that countries and governments only deal with the problem of integration when there is pressure fron below. keywords: Migrant family; CCIEM; reunion; voluntary agencies FRG; Portugal; Austria; Switzerland; Italy; France.

Kutler-Yalim, Ozden. (1981) "Migrant Women not gainfully employed", International Migration, XIX, 1/2. pp.210-217. Abstract: The paper is a case study on Turkey. It examines the result of migration on the family and the position of women in the absence of husbands in the home country. The second part looks at family reunification in the host country and the problems entailed. The author limited her scope and analysis to families with greater problems and those with rustic/rural backgrounds. She concluded that the well-being of migrant families is hampered by their weak economic position; attenuated political rights and influence and closed access to social mobility and acceptance. keywords: migrant women; family; peasants, individual labourer.

Lawrence, Dina and Nasr, Kameel. (1987) Children of Palestinian Refugees vs. the Israeli Military: Personal Accounts of Arrest, Detention, and Torture. Lafayette, Calif.: BIP Publications, 1987. keywords: Palestinian Children; Israel; Family

Lemoine, M. (1989) "Effects of Migration on Family International Migration, XXVII, Migration: Impact of Migration September, 1988)

Structure in the Receiving Country", 2, pp.271-279. (8th. ICM Seminar on on Social Structures. Geneva, 13-16

Abstract: Lemoine looks at the conditions for family reunification, and argues that a large proportion of immigrant families are on the verge of being joined by the families. He also makes the point that af~er reunification, migrant families are required to adapt to the lifestyle of a new, alien environment. To help with this transition the immigration policy for families comprises of socio-educational activities, cultural activities, vocational training, housing and lifestyle. He concludes that irrespective of their origins, experiences and traditions, most immigrant families in France have problems with adaptation because social conditions, working conditions and housing are frequently unfavourable. He opts for a method of integration which takes into account the diversity of immigrants keywords: immigrants; adaptation; family reunification; France.

Ley, Katharina. (1981) "Is Migration a Blessing or a Handicap? Situation of Migrant Women in Switzerland", International Migration, XIX, 1/2, pp.83-93. Abstract: The author's analysis of problems face by migrant women in Switzerland is based on a simple question: whether migration is a bane or a blessing. The analysis is approached from an emigration perspective and a planned or early return home. Her sample of study is women who emigrate from the southern countries to Switzerland. The author shows the

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challenging and sometimes poor working conditions faced by women immigrants. She shows, however, that the unmarried and well-qualified women immigrants attach importance to job satisfaction. The author posits that in general terms, the problems encountered by immigrant working women were similar to those of Swiss women - separation, and unemployment. Another area outlined is women's work at home. The author shows that the cultural backgrounds of immigrant women put the burden of household chores and child rearing on them. This exerts the tension of dual responsibility arising from being a wife and having a job. The author also argues that immigrant women lacked leisure time especially married women. She also shows that primary groups - family and relatives - is more important to them secondary groups - associations, organizations etc. Furthermore, the author points to acute generational gap between second generation women and their mothers - first generation immigrant. The first generation women are torn between two worlds: the world of their parents and Swiss culture. The author concludes that despite the apparent problems and setbacks, majority of women immigrants concludes that despite the apparent problems and setbacks, majority of women immigrants concede that while emigration is challenging, it offers some prospects. keywords: migration; gender (women); family; housewife; generation (first and second); settlement-resettlement; Switzerland.

Lipman, Beata (1988) Israel: The Embattled Land: Jewish and Palestinian Women Talk About Their Lives. London, Sydney and Wellington: Pandora Press. Abstract: A portrayal by a Jewish feminist and survivor of the holocaust -mostly in the words of interviewees - of the lives of both Palestinian

and Jewish women in Israel and the occupied territories, emphasizing their oppression as women and as Palestinians. keywords: gender (women); Palestinian movement; occupied territories

Looney, R.L. (1989) "Pattern of remittances and labour migration in the Arab World" International Migration, 27: 563-577. Abstract: Looney studied the microeconomic impacts of worker remittances on the Arab world. He concluded that remittances generally improved the standard of living of recipients in the labor-exporting countries. In terms of overall development process, the impact is marginal.

keywords: remittances; migration, microecenomic impact.

Manz, B. (1988) "Repatriation and Reintegration: An Ardous Process in Guatemala". Washington: Georgetown University, Centre for Immigration Policy and Refugee Assistance, Hemispheric Migration Project.Mckenzie, Hilary (1990) keywords: Jordan; Israel; Iraq; Kuwait; refugees (Palestinian)

Maurice, Frederic and Jean de Courten (1991) "International Committee of the Red Cross Activities for Refugees and Displaced Civilians" International Review of the Red Cross, January-February 1991, No. 280, pp. 9-21. Abstract: Describes the rules governing the conduct of hostilities, protection of individuals, operational activities including representations, medical, food and material assistance, tracing and family reunification, section on humanitarian policy. Keywords: Refugees; Family Reunification; Human Rights. Available froa: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

Mcleod, M. (1989) "Legal Protection of Refugee Children Separated From Their Parents: Selected Issues", International Migration, XXVII, 2. pp.295-307.

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Abstract: International Instruments such as the Declaration on the Rights of the Child Convention, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognise the fact that children need special care and protection and that these are best provided when they are in the custody of their parents. Thus in situations where parents do not or cannot provide this care, the state intervenes in the "best interests of the child". However, the concrete application of these principles is left to the state to decide. The paper concludes that legal responsibility for refugee children living apart from parents is problematic. keywords: refugees (children); migration; separation; settlement­resettlement.

Meyer-Manner, J. (1987) "Le regroupement familial dans le droit d'immigration suisse? AWR Bulletin, 2-3, p.144.

Middle East Watch (1991) "Nowhere To Go: The Tragedy of the Remaining Palestinian Families in Kuwait" News from Middle East Watch, October 23, 1991, New York, New York, USA, 27 P· Abstract: Deals with Kuwait State security officers, pressure on families to leave, deportation and forced departures of Palestinians, calls on Israel to allow repatriation. keywords: Palestinians; Kuwait; Right of Return. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Migration of Family Units and Family Reunion. The ICEM Experience. (1975) Document MC/SAI/II/19. Presented at the Second ICM Seminar on International Migration, Geneva. p.S.

Moro, Octavio Cabezas. and Alvarez, Juan Testa. (1981) "Social Advancement of Migrant Women", International Migration, XIX, 1/2. pp.261-277. Abstract:Examined primarily the mechanisms for social advancement of Spanish women emigrants to Europe. The authors point to the need for the provision of information covering the entire migration and post migration processes. keywords: migrant women; social services; social security; emigrant's associations

Moyce, David (1986) "Petitioning on Behalf of an Alien Spouse: Due Process Under Immigration Laws", California Law Review, 74, 5, (October): 1774-1776. Abstract: The paper addresses some of the concerns which arise when a married couple - one one partner being a citizen or resident, the other an alien - encounters the Immigration and Naturalization Services procedures for processing the papers of the alien for permanent residence. The due process clause of the 14th. Amendment provodes that "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, or liberty without due process of law. The Supreme court, however, has not approved such an expansive reading of the due process clause. Aliens seeking to immigrate have often been denied any claim to due process. The court has consistently refused to weigh the interests of non­resident aliens against those of the government. The judicial deference accorded US citizens over aliens complicates issues further when a US citizen marries an alien and wishes to help her acquire residence in the country or when a resident alien petitions on behalf of a non resident alien spouse. The first section of the paper deals with the INS procedures for adjudicating such petitions and the techniques adopted to detect sham

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marriages. The second section elaborates on the rights potentially infringed by such practices, particularly the right to marital privacy. The third part addresses the ability of the couple to assert a First Amendment right to hear ans associate with an excluded alien. keywords: Alien spouse; due process clause; Immigration and Naturalization Services; immigration; Unites States.

Muschkin Clara G. and Myers, George c. (1985) "Migration and Household/family Structure: Puerto Ricans in the United States", International Migration, XXIII, 4, (December). pp.495-509. Abstract: Adopting a multilevel perspective (analysis at the familial level), Muschkin and Myers look at migration patterns and household/family structure among Puerto Ricans in the u.s. They focus on the family and household relationships to avoid the reductionism of an individualistic approach, to uncover the purposive activity of migrants and establish a relationship between migrants and new migrants. They rely on microdata from census sources - census questionnaires of 1980 - to determine migration status of Puertos.The report indicated widespread family instability among Puerto Ricans in the New York/New Jersey area. They also conclude that changes in family living arrangements and role patterns may be part of a potentially disorganizing consequences of migration. They intimate that both single as well as two-person households are affected. There is a high incidence of divorce and widowhood among early migrants. Later migrants have a wider range of alternative arrangements - living with relatives instead of alone. The researchers also found out that the disruption effects were particularly high in second-generation persons. keywords: migration; family structure; demography; migrants (Puerto Ricans)

Nafi, Jamal (1990) "Family Nourishment Committee and Its Social and Economic Roles under the Intifida" Economic Samid, Vol. 12, No. 80 (in Arabic), pp. 104-118. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Vocational Training; Intifida; Children. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nafi, Jamal (1991) "Haq Al-Lajieen Al-Falastiniyeen, Fil-Awda Ela Watanihem Fi Dou Qararat Haya Al-Umam Al-Muttahidah," [Palestinian Refugees Right of Return to their Homeland: U.N. Resolutions). Samed Al-Iqtisad-, No. 83, pp. 148-159. Abstract: The study presents the right of return of Palestinian refugees within the United Nations resolutions. The law of Absentee and Land confiscation of Palestinian refugees by the Israeli government. Keywords: UN resolutions; Absentee; Land Confiscation. Available froa: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Nashef, Taysir (1990) "The Return of Palestinian Refugees". The New Outlook, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 38-39. Abstract: The writer difference between various categories of refuqees, and discusses the options and possibilities for each of them to return. The writer evaluates at the end that absorption capacity of West Bank economy for such a process. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinian); Refugees-West Bank. Available froa: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.

Nina Toren, (1975) "The Effect of Economic Incentives on Return Migration", International Migration, 13, 3. pp.l34-144.

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Ohndorf, Wolfgang (1986) "The Various Forms, Reasons and Motivations for Return Migration of Persons who Voluntarily Decide to Return to their Countries of Origin", International Migration, XXIV, I, (March) pp.213-244. Abstract: Ohndorf examines broadly the reasons and motivations for return migration. He establishes that the greater numbers of returnees leave on their own based on personal motives: attainment of financial goals; family situation, children's education, among others. The author of the report posits that governments of the home country as well as the host country should co-operate in the process of integration. keywords: return migration, voluntary migration, reintegration,

Orellana, R. Torrealba. (1989) "Migratory Movements and their Effects on Family Structure: The Latin American Case". International Migration June. XXVII, 2. pp.319-332. Abstract: keywords: Migration; family;

Palestine Refugees Today UNRWA Newsletter, No. 108, pp. 4-5. Canada Camp (1984) Abstract: A refugee camp named after the Canadian contingent to the United Nations Emergency Force. The camp is cut off from the Gaza Strip, families separated by barbed wires (Egyptian Authorities and Israeli Authorities). keywords: Canada Camp; Family re-unification; Pal. refugees; Gaza Strip. Available from: UNRWA Headquarters in Jerusalem.

Palmer, Ingrid. (1981) "Advancement Preparation and Settlement Needs of South-East Asian Refugee Women" International Migration, XIX, 1/2, pp.94-101. Abstract: The paper tackles the issue of resettlement preparations made for the South-East Asian refugee women. It also highlights assistance before and after resettlement. The author shows that most of them are Vietnamese. It is pointed out that the family composition tends to be uneven: an assortment of nuclear and e~tended family. Refugees with family and skills etc. tended to move on smoothly though the resettlement programme. The author also notes that their polygamous families pose problems in host countries which are monogamous-oriented. The author identifies problems facing women refugees as domestic chores, child care, isolation, language outside the immediate family. Such stresses, the author recognises, have long-term effect. keywords: migration; . refugees (South-East Asians); gender (women) ; family; demographic profile; refugee camps; country of first asyltim; settlement-resettlement.

Panayotakopoulou, E. (1981) "Specific Problems of Migrant Women Returning to their Country of Origin, Particularly as Regards Employment and Social Services" International Migration, XIX, 1/2. pp.219-224. Abstract: She examines the problems faced by returning or repatriated Greek migrant women. such returnees lack information about the job market and occupational resettlement. keywords: migrant women; adaptation; reintegration; repatriation.

Pekin, H. (1989) "Effects of Migration on Family Structure", International Migration, XXVII, 2, pp.281-293. (8th. ICM Seminar on Migration: Impact of Migration on Social Structures. Geneva. 13-16 September). Abstract: Pekin's paper deals with the situation and problems of migration on family structure with emphasis on reunification. He examines the effects of migration in the family context, in receiving countries and its effects in the context of sending countries. He also considers ways and means to to improve measures to facilitate the admission to employment of

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migrant spouses and children. A number of general conclusions were made: a. The importance of family cohesion should be given top priority irrespective of regulations in countries; b. Even though reunification is recognised as a basic right, many states are concerned that it might have cumulative effects from one generation to another through the marriages of migrants' children. c. Reunification of families should be actively encouraged in accordance with UN standards for the protection of the family. d. International organizations like the Red Cross, the ICM and UNHCR should co-operate to promote respect for family unity and facilitate family reunification. keywords: migration; family; reunification; EEC countries; adaptation.

Peters, J. (1976). "An Exchange of Populations" Commentary, 6. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced persons; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; Jordan; Lebanon; demography.

Plascow, A. (1981b) The Palestinian Refugees in Jordan 1948-57. Frank Case & Co. 268pp. keywords: refugees.

Quigley, John (1992) "Family Reunion and the Right to Return to Occupied Territory", Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 6, 2. (June): 223-251. Abstract: Quigley analyzes the rights of return and family reunification in the Gaza Strip and West Bank where the related rights of return and family unification are not realized. Some Palestinians went abroad to study or to work as soon as .the occupation began. others have married outsiders since 1967 and sought residency rights for them. Quigley states that the law of belligerent occupation, to a considerable extent, allows normal life for the inhabitants. Again, the law of human rights ia also relevant to the right of return. On the issue the rights of Palestinians to return, Quigley states that a state must accept returning citizens because the state to which the person has gone has no obligation to accord residency rights. Since the Palestinian diaspora, many of the marriages have involved Palestinian women whose families fled in 1967 when they were children. In these cases, the spouses seek entry and are entitled to return. However, the Israeli government does not recognise the right of entry for spouses from the diaspora. Quigley points out that even though the Israeli Supreme Court recognises no right of family reunification, bith humanitarian law and human rights law bear significantly on the issue of family reunification. He indicates that the right to begin and maintain a family is jeopardized when spouses or children are separated by national boundaries. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Gaza Strip; West Bank; right to return; family reunification; humanitarian law; human rights law.

Raddley, Kurt Rene (1978) "The Palestinian refugees: The Right to Return Under International Law". American Journal of International Law, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 586-614. Abstract: The article displays the right of return by International Law of all Palestinian Refugees inside and outside the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Background on the Arab-Jewish war, the causes of exodus. The 4th Geneva conventions, Un resolutions 194, and General Assembly Resolution 3236 of 1974. Keywords: Refugees-International Law; Palestinian Refugees; Right of Return; Palestinian Refugees UN. Available from: Al-Haq Library, Ramallah, west Bank.

Rockwell, s. (1985) "Palestine Women Workers in the Israeli-Occupied Gaza Strip." Journal of

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Palestine Studies, 14 (2) keywords: refugees (Palestinians); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; human resources; economy; gender (women).

Secombe, Ian J. (1986) "Immigrant Workers in an Emigrant Economy: An Examination of Replacement Migration in the Middle East", International Migration, XXIV, 2 (June) : 377-408. Abstract: The author uses Jordan, a country with a long history of labour exports, to test the theory of replacement migration in the Middle East. The author's analysis is based on a survey of 3,3751 work permits issued to foreign workers in Amman between October 1982 and January 1983. Secombe establishes that the bulk of non-Jordanian workers was in the construction services and in the industrial sector. The data also revealed that a large number of non-Jordanian workers were employed in non-replacement roles in the agricultural sector and construction services. This indicates that the pattern of imported labour did not correspond with Jordanian labour emigration. Among other factors, the low wage paid to non-Jordanian labour account for this. Secombe concludes that the central the central elements of the Birks and Sinclair 'model' is not inc1.s1.ve. He posits that replacement labour inflows are not spontaneous movements. Second, the concept "replacement" needs a theoretical definition between immigrant labour and emigrant labour. keywords: replacement migration; spontaneous inflow, labour (primary, secondary,collective contact); Jordan

Sabri Nidal and Hisham Jaber (1992) "Budget Analysis of the Palestinian Family". Arabs Studies Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 35-44. Abstract: A field study that compares a refugee and a non-refugee Palestinian family consumption (budget). The sample was 100 families from Nablus City and another 100 families from Balata refugee camp. The Study reported significant differences in the sources of income and expenditure. Keywords: Palestinian-Family; Refugee-budqet; Balata Camp - Nablus; west Bank Camp. Available froa: Truman Institute for Peace Studies, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.

Shiffer, Varda (1986) "The 1949 Israeli Offer to Repatriate 100,000 Palestinian Refugees" Middle East Focus, 9, (Fall), pp.l3-18. Abstract: Shiffer analyzes the 1949 Israeli offer to repatriate 10 000 Palestinian refugees and what actually happened. He argues that the 1949 Israeli offer to repatriate Palestinians seemed to go against the grain of Israeli policy and met stiff opposition. However, the offer was evidently not meant to be implemented. It was more a political maneuver. In the long run, close to 80 000 refugees were resettled in Israel due to the plan to reunite families, and also due to the illegal infiltration of refugees. Keywords: repatriation; Israel; Gaza Strip; refugees (Palestinians);

Shohat, Ella (SeptjOct.l988) "Wedding in Galilee". Middle East Report, 18: 44-46. Directed by Michel Khleifi. 33mm, color, 116 minutes. Produced by Jacqueline Louis and Bernard Lorain. Distributed by Kino International, N.Y. Abstract: Khleifi's Wedding in Galilee is the first major Palestinian fiction film to be made by an Israeli Palestinian. It goes beyond the traditional presentation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a matter between 'peace-loving' Israelis' and 'violence-prone Arabs'. The main plot revolves around the desire of Abu Adel, the 'Mukhtar' of a Palestinian village in Galilee to marry off his son Adel in a memorable wedding. Palestinian women in Khleif i' s films "represent both the nurture . of

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collective memory and the insistent, daily struggle for familial and national preservation. 'Wedding• also looks at Palestinian lives - an angry groom, a provocative sister, a traditional, conformist and accommodating father, young radicals, an older patient generation and even Palestinian collaborators in Israel. One striking motif is the fact that the father takes care of the exterior domain, the mother the interior. keywords: gender, Palestinian, Galilee, wedding, family, military occupation.

Shukair, Rizq and Randa Saniora (1991) Palestinian Separated Families Reporting on Their Sufferings; Your Application is Rejected Al-Haq, London, U.K. (in Arabic). Abstract: A booklet that covers the problems of separated families and their reunification, giving some examples of cases where spouses are asking for their right to reunite. Keywords: Family Reunification; Children; Palestine; Israel; Jordan. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Shukaqi, Rizq (1990) The Israeli Policy Towards Family Reunification: Know Your Rights Al-Haq Foundation, Ramallah, West Bank (in Arabic), 29 p. Abstract: This book covers the issue of family reunification and the Palestinian family rights comparing them to the International Law and Jordanian Legislations. Keywords: Palestine; Family Reunification; Israel; Law; Human Rights. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Stark, T. (1976) "Family Migration and the Second ICEM Seminar", Migration News, 1, Jan­Mar, pp.17-23. Abstract: In November 1976, 150 delegates representing Governments and NGOs studied the problem of family migration and the return of migrant workers to their country of origin. One important achievement was that for the first time in an international Governmental meeting, family migration was spoken of as a right. The meeting also recognized the humanitarian attempts to liberalize the present trend in family migration regulations from the arbitrary decisions of the country's authorities to a level of a country's duty. Family reunion and family migration occupied centre stage in the recommendations at the end of the meeting. Family migration and family reunion as a principle of humanitarian right was widely recognized. The assistance of NGOs in activities for migrant families was also stressed. attention was also drawn to the need to inform governments and the public about the special integration and adaptation difficulties of the migrant families. keywords: ICEM; family; reunion; migration; NGOs.

Sundhagul, Malee. (1981) "Situation and Role of Refugee Women: Experiences and Perspectives from Thailand". International Migration, XIX, 1/2, pp.102-107. Abstract: Sundhagul examines Thailand's refugee population problem, emphasising those faced by women in particular. The author identified trauma from violence, death and starvation as a general problem faced by refugees. Apart from this trauma, there are everyday problems of family care (suddenly some women found themsel vee heads of families and were totally unprepared for such onerous responsibility in a foreign land without the support of the extended family), and domestic chores; malnutrition; health problems such as vaginal infections and appropriate diagnostic and medical treatment. Another problem is uncontrolled fertility. The author recommends that Cambodian refugees should be settles near their homelands. This will facilitate a return to their home country once conditions improve.

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keywords: refugees(Thai); gender (women); migration; health family.

Swann, R. ed. (1989) "Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank and Gaza Strip." Journal of Palestine Studies. (special issue), 2 (1). keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; West Bank; Gaza; Israel; settlement-resettlement; human resources; camps; protection.

The Palestine Year Book of International Law, 1986. Judgement 683/85 of the High Court of Israel in the case of Mushtaha vs. the Military Commander of the Gaza Area, et al., 10 Feb. 1986.pp.132-133.

Abstract: In this case, a visitor's permit was refused 'to someone for whom a request for family reunification has concurrently been submitted'. The authorities feared the visit 'will be used in order to create a fait accompli which will assist the petitioner in circumventing and enforcing the request for family reunification (Perruchoud) keywords: family reunification; occupation; Israel.

The Women's Research Council (1990) The Family and Intifida The Women's Research Council, Nablus, Palestine (in Arabic), 146 p. Abstract: A socio-economic study of the city of Nablus with regard to demography, education, health, social relations, economy. Keywords: Palestine; Health; Education. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Thomsen, s. (1987) "The Legal Position of the Spouse and Family Members", in The Legal Position of Aliens in Nationa~ and International Law, Max-Plank Institut fur auslandisches offentliches Recht und Volkerrecht, Berlin, Berlin, Springer Verlag, 1987, 2vol •• pp.1847-1957

United Nations. Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (1981b)

Palestinian Children in the Occupied Territories. New York: United Nations. Abstract: This is a report on the demography, family life, education, employment, and reports of mistreatment and torture of Palestinian children under occupation. keywords: Gaza Strip; West Bank; Jerusalem; Israel; Demography; Education; Economy; Human Rights.

United States Catholic Conference. Migration and Refugee Services. "Legal Responsibility for Refugee Minors: A Summary of Current Practice in Family Reunification". 49p. Abstract: This study points out the problem of the legal responsibility for refugee minors and unaccompanied children from South East Asia in the United States. It also describes cases of family reunification in various states of the U.S.A. keywords: refugee; minors; legal responsibility; family; reunification. (CDR).

UNRWA, Vienna (1992) "Project on computerization of Eligibility and Registration Transactions" Internal Draft Report prepared by Department of Relief and Social Services, Relief Services Division, January-June 1992. Abstract: Draft report on the project of computerization of transactions and build-up of computerized system of family files. Keywords: Demography; UNRWA; Database; Refugees. Available froa: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

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Vitullo, Anita (1988) "Jordan: Statement Concerning Disengagement from the West Bank and Palestinian Self-Determination, July 1931, 1988." International Legal Materials, 27 (Nov). keywords: refugees (Palestinian)J JordanJ Self-determination, settlement­resettlement, West Bank.

Vitullo, Anita, (1989) in coordination with The Field Workers and Staff of the Palestine Human Rights Information Centre. Israel's War by Bureaucracy: "We'll Blow Your House Down." Jerusalem and Chicago: the DataBase Project on Palestinian Human Rights. Abstract: A carefully documented report on the destruction of homes as a collective punishment when a family member is accused of "security crimes" and also of "unlicensed houses" Incomplete.

Vitullo, Anita, Weller, R.H, Serrow, W.J. & M.Bailey (1984). The Demography of Palestinian refugees: An Assessment of UNWRA Statistics. Centre for the Study of Population, Florida State University. keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; demography; settlement­resettlement; UNWRA.

Walter, Ingrid(Mrs) (1981) "One Year After Arrival. The Adjustment of Indochinese Women in the United States (1979-1980). International Migration, XIX, 1/2. pp.l29-150. Abstract: The paper reviews the adjustment of Indochinese women one year after they were settled in the United States in September 1979 with the assistance of Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services (LIRS). The perspective adopted is two-fold: the host community and through the eyes of refugees. An overview of the LIRS and its supporting refugee resettlement agencies in the United States is given. It also gives a methodological analysis of the study. The author generally notes from the sponsor's perspective that it was responsive. From the Indochinese perspective, the study indicates that while considerable adjustments have been made, more is needed in the areas of language training and ability and a meaningful cultural transition to American ethos and culture keywords: migration; refugees(Indochinese); adjustment/integration; sponsor; settlement-resettlement; gender(women)

Wittome, Candy (1990) The Right to Unite: The Problem of Family Reunification in the Occupied Territories, Law and Practices Occasional Paper, No. 8 (in Arabic), Al-Haq Foundation, London, U.K., 33 p. Abstract: An overview of family reunification and the Israeli practices in this aspect with examples of families who were separated. Keywords: Family Reunification; Human Rights; Palestine; Child; Israel •. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY IV - IIUMAH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT -

Acronyms of sources: AAUG - Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc. CIS - Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto

Abboushi, Suhail (1990) "Impact of Individual Variables on the Work Values of Palestinian Arabs", International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. :20, Issue:3, (Fall), pp:53-68. Abstract: In analysis of work values of a sample of Palestinian Arab workers shows that more importance is assigned to the intrinsic than to the extrinsic aspects of work, The respondents indicated high regard for pride in performance, a preference for activity and a desire for involvement in the work organization. As for the impact of individual differences on work values, occupation produced the highest number of effects. In influenced people's attitudes toward pride in work, job involvement, social status, and preference for financial earnings. Education influenced pride in work, job involvement, and attitude toward earning. Job satisfaction influenced pride in work and job involvement. Years of service influenced desire for upward mobility, and age influenced importance of the social status of work. Since the data did not cover non-Palestinian Arabs, the result cannot be generalized. Keywords: work ethic; individual variables; refugees

Abdel-Rahman, Nael (1989) "Mukhayyam Al Dheisheh: Waqeh Muleim wa Tarikh Musharref." Al-Usbou' Al-Jadid, No. 16: p.39. Abstract: Text in Arabic language about the Dheisheh Camp in Bethlehem titled" Dheisheh Camp: Painful Reality and Glorious Society". The article explains the Economic situation, medical and educational services of the Refugees. Keywords: Dheisheh Camp- West Bank; Palestinian Refugees; Refugees-Socio-economic. Available froa: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Abdul-Dayem, Abdulla (1974) · "Some Educational Lessons Derived From the Fourth Arab-Israeli War,"

Palestine Affairs [In Arabic], XXIX, (January), pp. 21-24. Abstract: The author is a prominent Syrian educator. He has written many books and articles dealing with education in the Arab World, and also held various positions in Arab and International agencies. In this article he states that the fourth Arab-Israeli war highlighted the following essential goals, which Arabs should pursue: (1) military training should be universal, (2) the connection and interrelation between development of society and military preparation, (3) educational activities should be dedicated to serve the goals of the battle, (4) the importance of training and educating future leaders, and (5) knowing the enemy is a necessity for victory. Needless to say that these goals are essential and ought to be pursued. A question may be raised to the seriousness of Arab governments in adopting and executing these goals. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; Gaza

Abdul Hadi, Asaad (1981) "The Palestinian Labour Class: A Discussion of Two Case Studies of Maslah and Jafal" Palestinian Affairs, No. 125 (in Arabic), pp. 122-128. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Palestine; Israel. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation (1987)

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Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation: Objectives and Achievements Information booklet. 39 p. Abstract: Description of the foundation, its objectives, organizational structure, funding, support of education and research and its publishing activities. Keywords: Jordan; Education (universities); Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Abdul-Rahim, Adnan (1975) "Issues on Palestinian Education," Palestine Affairs [In Arabic], XLIV, (April), pp. 57-68Abstract: In the first part Or the article, the author identifies the shortcomings of Arab education. He maintains that this education failed to meet the social, cultural, and political needs of Arab youths in general and Palestinians in particular. The UNRWA-UNESCO educational program for Palestinian refugees is no exception since its main objective is the preparation of Palestinian youths to serve the economies of the Arab countries. It does not aim--although it should--at preparing and educating Palestinians to serve the needs, goals, and aspirations of their society. In the second part Abdul-Rahim identifies and discusses four issues to be dealt with in a protected Palestinian education. These are: (1) an educational philosophy which should reflect the Palestinian experience, (2) curricula geared to the problems, needs and aspirations of the Palestinian society, (3) the theoretical and practical problems of Palestinian education, and (4) the short range missions and activities required for the development of Palestinian education. The author asserts that in the long run, an independent Palestinian curriculum has to be developed. He advocates strongly the creation of an educational system which will call for, and spear political, social, and cultural change. This is an interesting article by a person who is familiar with current efforts to deal with problems of Palestinian education. It identifies some specific issues and problems which Palestinian educators and leaders ought to research and discuss. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees (Palestinian); west Bank; Gaza

Abdulhadi, R.S. (1991) Prospects for Sustained Economic Development in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Construction and Housing. A study prepared for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Abstract: This study presents a description of the historical development of the construction and housing sector in the occupied Palestinian Territory and evaluates the present status of the sector with the aim of providing the information necessary for its future development. The study addresses the issue of refugee camps and future prospects for incorporating them within the national housing strategy. Keywords: Palestine; housing; refugee camps; infrastructure

Al Qiq, Hassan (1988) Vocational Training and Education in the Occupied Territories. Arab Thought Forum Jerusalem. Abstract: The report presents a historical background and the present situation of vocational education in the Occupied Territories, vocational training centers, vocational high schools (industrial and agricultural), community colleges, engineering colleges and other organizations related to the subject. The report also presents some recommendations in order to develop this sector of the Palestinian Education. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education;

Abu-Ghazaleh, Adnan (1973) Arab cultural Nationalism in Palestine. Beirut: Institute for Palestine

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Studies, Abstract: The study deals with Arab cultural activities in Palestine during the British Mandate and its effects on the Arab nationalist movement. The main focus Or the study is "the interaction between a particular group within a country, the writers of Palestine, and the movement or Arab nationalism." The author treats his topic in six chapters. The first chapter is a short survey of the Arab cultural revival in the nineteenth century. In the second chapter, the author presents biographical sketches on the most important writers during the mandate. In chapters three, four and five he examines the literature of these writers. Chapter six deals with the educational situation in Palestine, and examines the degree to which the writing of the Palestinian cultural movement was disseminated to the public, plus its relationship to the development of a national consciousness among the Palestinian masses. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Arab culture; Arab nationalism; Israel

Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (1972) Draft. Plan for a Palest.inian Universit.y. [In Arabic], Beirut: Beirut Planning Center. Abstract: In recent years the idea of establishing a Palestinian University has been raised and discussed. A Palestinian University might be able to provide higher education for all Palestinian students who aspire for it--a goal which Arab universities failed to achieve. This is one of the few proposals presented to establish such a university. In his proposal, Professor Abu-Lughod prescribed the major features and characteristics of the proposed university. Important among these are: (1) the basic goal of the university should be to combine and organize Palestinian capabilities and skills, and channel then to serve the Palestinian society, ( 2) opportunity should be given to the largest possible number of Palestinian students to enrol in the university, (3) the university should include various and specialized academic institutes such as an Institute for African studies, Asian studies, etc., and (4) university curricula should combine work and academic study. This is an important proposal which deserves serious consideration. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); universities; Israel; curricula

Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (1973) "Educating a Community in Exile: The Palestinian Experience," Journal of Palest.ine St.udies, Vol. 2, (Spring), pp. 94-111. Abstract: This research study deals with the formal education of Palestinians from 1948 until the present. The topic is dealt with in four parts. In the first part, the author indicates the problems which face any scholar who wants to deal with the topic. Foremost among these problems are the scarcity of written material and the lack of classified and separate data on the Palestinians. The second part deals with governments and agencies responsible for the education of the Palestinians. In general United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), and the Arab governments of Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Kuwait, are the major responsible authorities. In the third part, the author points out the progress in education achieved by the Palestinians, and the reasons for it. This progress is compared favourably with the Arab countries. Yet, as the author indicates, many imbalances and defects still exist. Most Or these defects are related to the quality Or education. The implication of the present status and trends on the educational future of the Palestinians are dealt with in the fourth part. The author discusses the implications of some important factors, and their effect on the assumed goal of the Palestinians: the liberation Or Palestine. The author is a professor of Political Science at Northwestern University. He spent a sabbatical year in Lebanon, where he collected

3

material for the topic. The study under consideration is an excellent scholarly work. It provides a brief but comprehensive review of the education of the Palestinians with its achievements and problems. The author raises very important questions and issues for the concerned to ponder. It would be useful and interesting if Professor Abu-Lughod stated his personal views on these questions and issues which he raised. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; West Bank; Gaza; Israel; human rights

Abu-Nab, Ibrahim (1972)"The Proposed Palestinian University," Palestine Affairs, [In Arabic], val. 13, (September).

Abstract: The author discusses the idea of establishing a Palestinian university, an idea which goes back to the times of the British mandate. It has been revised recently and is being discussed within Palestinian and Arab circles. The author argues that the needs, capabilities, and potentials of the Palestinian society and its response to challenges will determine the type of the projected university. According to the author, three conditions must be provided in the projected university. These are: (1) provision for academic freedom, (2) strong connection and attachment to the Palestinian experience, and (3) equality of opportunity. The author concludes his report by suggesting specific actions to be taken in order to bring the idea into existence. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977) .Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); west Bank; Gaza; Israel

Abu Shaker, A. (1987a) Labour Market in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Najah National University, Nablus, (Arabic). Abstract: This study analyzes the impact of recent regional changes on the labour market in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It analyses the distribution of the Palestinian labour force among the different sectors, the level of training and wages, and the degree of unemployment within the Palestinian labour force. Keywords: Palestinian labour force, West Bank, Gaza Strip.

Abu Shaker, A. (1987b) Socio-Economic Conditions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip Workers in Israel. Documentation, Transcripts and Publication Center, Najah National University, Nablus, (Arabic). Abstract: This study analyses the socio-economic conditions of Palestinian workers from the West Bank and Gaza Strip in Israel, the mechanisms that push Palestinian labour to work in Israel and the implications that such labour have for the economic structure of both the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel. · Keywords: Palestinian labour; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Israel, Socio-Economic Conditions

Ahmad, Issam (1988) "The Conditions of the Jordanian Labour Union Movement and Its Current Duties" Modern Jordan, No. 11, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), pp. 55-72. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Hassan, Bilal (1974) Palestinians in Kuwait: A Statistical Study. [In Arabic], Beirut: Palestine Research Center. Abstract: This monograph deals with the status of the Palestinian community in Kuwait. Chapter seven, the largest, treats the topic of their education. The author describes the demographic and economic features of the Palestinian community and their implications for education. A special

4

attention is given to the problem developed in the late 1960s--the non­availability of places in public schools for all the Palestinian children of school age. The problem began to develop after the war of June 1967 which resulted in a large increase in Palestinian students who have no place in public schools, and whom their parents cannot afford to send to private schools. The Palestine Liberation Organization was obliged to handle the problem, and arranged for the students to attend evening shifts schools. Since the P.L.O. in Kuwait is not prepared financially, and professionally to face the situation, the quality of education suffered as a result. Al-Hassan asserts that the logical and simple solution for this problem is to accommodate these Palestinian students in the public schools. This can be achieved, he argues, by only increasing the number of students in each classroom by no more than three to four students. This also would be compatible with the principle of free universal education, and with the Arab League resolutions and recommendations. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Kuwait; education

Al-Mashayikh, Muhammad (1991) "The Educational, Social, Cultural Conditions in the Refugee Camps of the Occupied Palestinian Lands." [In Arabic], Samid al-Iqtisadi, Vol. 13, No. 83, (January-March), pp. 205-14. Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); self-determination

Altalib, Hisham (1991) Training Guide for Islamic Workers The International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations and The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia, USA. 397 p. Abstract: Explains the functions of leadership, skill enhancement and self-development, training for trainers, and use of youth camps in the Islamic context. Keywords: Vocational training; Human resources; Education. Available froa: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Alwan, Suad Nabhan (n.d.) A Review of Commission Based Rehabilitation Experience: Jordan, Baqaa Palestine Refugees Camp Disability Program Office, UNRWA Jordan Field Office of Jordan, (draft), n.d., 5 p. Abstract: A house-to-house survey of the Baqaa Palestine Camp to detect disabled children and community rehabilitation. Keywords: Health; UNRWA; Jordan. Available froa: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

America-Mideast Educational and Training Services (1979) An Assessment of Education in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Vol. 2, Washington, D.C.: Agency for International development. Keywords: education; vocational training; human resources

Amun, Hasan and Adnan Abed Elrazik (1977) Palestinian Arabs in Israel: Two Case Studies Ithaca, London, U.K., 120 p. Abstract: Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Economy; Education Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Anabtawi, Samir N. (1986) Palestinian Higher Education in the West Bank and Gaza: A Critical Assessment, London and New York: KPI Ltd., pp. 94. Abstract: This is a critical assessment of higher education in the West Bank and Gaza, expressing concern that the present course of education might prove ultimately at odds with the Palestinian community itself.

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Keywords: education; Israel; refugees (Palestinian)

Anabtawi, Samir N. (1986) Palestinian Arabs in Israel: The Two Case Studies. New York: KPI, distributed by Routledge and Kegan Paul. Abstract: A critical assessment of higher education in the West Bank and Gaza, expressing concern that its present course might "ultimately prove deleterious to the Palestinians' aspirations." Keywords: Palestinian; education; universities; West Bank; Gaza;

Arab Graduate Club (1985) Unemployed University Graduates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip A statistical bulletin prepared by Arab Graduates Club, Jerusalem, Palestine (in Arabic), 103 p. Abstract: A statistical report of unemployed persons according to the level of higher education. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Education. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Arab Institute for Training and Research Studies (1985) Demographic Characteristics of the Palestinian People Al-Nidal Publications, Beirut, Lebanon (in Arabic), 693 p. Abstract: A study of the Arab population of Palestine and the demographic changes that took place in Palestine as a result of occupation with statistics of the economic, social, demographic and migration variables. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Demography; Education. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Arab Workers in Israeli Institutions (1983) Al-Katib, Vol. 4, No. 33 (in Arabic), pp. 55-60. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Law. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Ashmore, Robert (1986) "Palestinian Universities under Israeli Occupation: A Human Rights Analysis," American Arab Affairs. (Spring), pp. 79-92. Keywords: academic freedom; West Bank; Gaza; occupation; Israel;

Ata, Ibrahim Wade (1986) The West Bank Palestinian Family KPI, London, U.K., 166 p. Abstract: Keywords: West Bank; Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Atasi, Nader Al- (1989) "Unemployment and Economic Resources Investment" Nas Bress, No. 21, (in Arabic), pp. 4-10. Abstract: Keywords: Demography; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Avidor, M. (1964) Education For A Growing Nation. Jerusalem: Israel Digest. Abstract: The former Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Education and Culture discusses the educational system in Israel, from kindergartens to university. Among the topics covered is Arab education. Keywords: teachers; culture (Hebrew & Arab);

Ayesh, Husni (1989) "Higher Education in Jordan Between Demand and Supply: Human Resources are

6

the Wealth of the Nation" Cultural Journal, No. 17, (in Arabic), pp. 30-44. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Human Resources; Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Azmi, Intisar (1991) "Mukhayyamat Qita Gaza: Tarikh min Al-Muanah Wamuqawamat Al Ihtilall". [Gaza Strip Refugee Camp: A History of Sufferings and Resisting Occupation], Samed Al-Iqtlsadi, No. 83, pp. 38-54. Abstract: The article elaborates on the Nine Refugee Camps in Gaza Strip. Stratification, formation, location and the general situation in each camp for education, health and job opportunities. Keywords: Refugees (Pal); Gaza Strip Refugee Camps. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem

Badran, Nabil A. (1969) Education and Modernization in Palestine 1918-1948. (In Arabic], Beirut: Palestine Research Center. Abstract: This is a study of the Palestinian society during the British mandate. The author investigates the development of Arab education and its effects on the struggle of the Arab national movement during the same period. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; Palestinian; UNRWA

Badran, Nabil A. (1971) "The Development of Economic and Social Concepts of the UNRWA'S Educational Program and a Preliminary Prescription of the Objectives of Educational Planning for the Palestinian Arab People," Palestine Affairs, [In Arabic], Vol. 3, (July), pp. 219-228. Abstract: In this report the author maintains that the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program f.or Palestinian refugees passed through several periods. He identifies four of these periods. In the first period ( 1950-1953) the program was very li,mited and restricted to elementary education. Its budget was part of the relief budget. A separate budget was allocated to the program in the second period (1953-1959). Expansion in elementary and in the first stage of secondary education (grades 7th, 8th and 9th), and the establishment of teachers' preparation and vocational centers also occurred during, this period. The third period (1959-1965) was characterized by concentrating on the development of Palestinian manpower. The purpose was to provide the Palestinian youths with ~he professional and technical skills that are in demand in the Arab countries. During this period, UNRWA viewed education as a means for elevating the Palestinians from a refugees status to that of self-dependent persons. The fourth period ( 1965 to the present) was characterized by disruptions of UNRWA activities due to the military situation in the area. The author discusses the educational policies adopted during the four periods, and their implications for the quality and quantity of education provided for the Palestinian refugees. He criticizes UNRWA for the lack of educational planning. Although there were problems which hindered the planner and which he recognizes, the author maintains that educational planning for the Palestinian community was imperative and feasible. The author goes on to prescribe principles that should be considered for the educational planning of the Palestinian society. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: economic development; manpower; education; UNRWA; UNESCO; West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian)

Bashshur, Najla N. (1971) "Change of Curricula in the West Bank After 1967," Palestine Affairs. [In Arabic], Vol. 3, (July), pp. 229-241.

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Abstract: Following the war of June 1967, the Israeli authorities changed schools curricula in the West Bank. Students, teachers, parents, and community leaders rejected and resisted these changes through protests and strikes. The Israeli authorities allege that these changes are necessary since curricula before 1967 as manifested in textbooks spread hatred of Jews. The truth of the matter as Bashshur points out is that the Israeli authorities do not want the Arab student to know and study his nation, its history and achievements, and the role it might play against Zionism and imperialism. The author reaches this conclusion after reviewing the topics which Israeli authorities have changed and modified. These topics relate to: (a) Arab unity; (b) Imperialism and the struggle against it, (c) progress and reform in the Arab World: and (d) Zionism, Jews, and Israel. The author quotes extensively to support her argument. The article is one of several the author wrote about the education of Palestinians. It portrays the magnitude of the miseducation of Palestinian youth carried on by Israel in the West Bank especially in the fields of history and civics. It also highlights the responsibility of Palestinian educators to develop responsive measures. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; Israel

Bashshur, Najla N. (1972) Cont:ent: Analysis of Social St:udies Curricula in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. (In Arabic], Beirut: Beirut Planning Center. Abstract: In this study, the author analyzes the content of social studies textbooks used by Palestinian students in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. The criterion used is whether social studies curricula as manifested in the textbooks are compatible with "The Philosophy of Education for Palestinian Arab People"--a paper prepared by the Department of Educational Planning of the Palestine Planning Center. Following are the major conclusions of the study: (1) each of the three curricula approaches citizenship education differently and all of them--with different degrees--deviate from the principles included in the criterion, and (2) the failure of the three curricula to present the Palestinian identity as a unifying theme among the dispersed Palestinian communities. According to these curricula, Palestinian students are expected to learn the facts of their social, cultural, and political history and environments in terms of the countries they live in. This is one of the few research studies in Arab education. It deals with a topic which Palestinians need to investigate and explore: the compatibility of the present curricula with their needs, goals, and aspirations. The findings highlight the need to develop curricula geared specifically to the unique needs of the Palestinian society. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); curricula; Jordan; Syria; Lebanon

Bashshur, Najla N.(1975) A Model for Developing Resources for a Unit: of Inst:ruct:ion: The Movement: Or Sheikh Ezz EldinAl-Qassam. (In Arabic], Beirut: Beirut Planning Center. Abstract: The author introduces the model for the unit by listing the characteristics of students between the ages of 14 and 16, and the educational implications of these characteristics. A rationale for teaching the unit is provided. General educational objectives are classified into four categories: knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills and capabilities. The Unit is divided into sub-units, and each is presented with suggested activities and resource materials. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); human resources

Birzeit University (1989) The criminalizat:ion of Educat:ion: Academic Freedom and Human Right:s at:

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Birzeit University During the Palestinian Uprising Public Relations Office, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, 91 p. Abstract: Covers violations against the institution and the university community as a whole, their impact; and, violations against individual students, employees and faculty members. Keywords: Human Resource Development; Education (universities); West Bank; Palestinians. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Brown, s. ( 1986) "Two Systems of Education." Index on Censorship 15 (3) : 36-37, 41. Abstract: The educational system for Palestinian Arabs in Israel, created by the Labour government, remains separate from and unequal to the system for Jews. Its finances are limited, and its curriculum emphasizes creation of acceptance of Zionism & diminution of the sense of Arab identity, alienating Arab students. Little attention is given to Arab culture, especially its contemporary political concerns. As a result, Palestinian Arabs largely are sceptical about the value of formal education. Those who do attempt to gain higher education find it hard to gain admission, confront culture shock after doing so, and have no little chance of gaining employment. Jewish students often display strongly negative attitudes toward Palestinian Arabs. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; Israel; settlement­resettlement

Brand, Laurie A. (1988) Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and The Search for State Columbia University Press, New York, USA. 286 p. Abstract: Political development is described by case studies of Jordan and Kuwait, dealing with education, oppression and denial of identity. Keywords: Palestinians; Arab States; Self-determination.

Buehrig, Edward. (1971) The U.N. and the Palestinian Refugees: A study in Nonterritorial Administration. Studies in Development: No. 3. Foreword by George J. Stonitz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Abstract: A scholarly study of the administration of relief for Palestinians displaced from their homes by the Israelis. The author deals with the emergence of the expellees as a UN charge, constitutional origins of UNRWA, its corporate status and immunities, status and immunities of the staff, economic rehabilitation, welfare, education, and finance. Keywords: UNRWA, education; vocational ·training

Bukhari, Najati Al- (1969) Issues in Vocational Education in Jordan Printers Union, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 178 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bustami, Mah Palestinian Working Class: Origins and Development Al-Karmel Publication and Distribution House, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 70 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Economics. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Davies, John (1960) "The Plight and Tragedy of the Younger Generation of Palestine Refugees." United Nations Review VI, (April).

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Abstract: An essay by the former director of UNRWA on the prospects for young Palestinians who have lived since birth in refugee camps. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; refugees (Palestinian); refugee camps.

Davies, Philip (1979) "The Educated West Bank Palestinians," Journal of Palestine Studies. Vol. 8, (Spring), pp. 65-80. Keywords: educational-attainment; Palestinian, West Bank

Dhib, Farajallah Saleh and Nabila Bseir (1981) The Arab Woman and Production: The Palestinian Woman as An Example Dar Al Hadatha, Beirut (in Arabic), 64 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine, Women. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Dickerson, George (1974) "Education for the Palestinian Refugees: The UNRWA/ UNESCO programme." Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3, (spring). Abstract: This article is a respond to an article written by Ibrahim Abu Lugod concerning UNRWA efforts to fulfil the educational needs of the Palestinians. The author's argument is based on the same data Abu Lugod has used. He concluded that Abu Lugod' s conclusion about the UNRWA educational efforts are not correct. Keywords: education; UNRWA; UNESCO; Palestinians; refugees;

Emanuel, Marx and Ben-Porath, Yoram (1971) Some sociological and economic aspects of Refugee Camps in the West Bank. Rand. Santa Monica CA. Abstract: A report by joint authors on Jalazon Refugee Camp in the West Bank, eight sections with 77 pages explain social & economic characteristics of the Palestinian Refugees with statistics and data. Keywords: Social Structure; Economic Structure; Palestinian Refugees; west Bank Camps. Available from: UNRWA headquarters in Jerusalem.

Faherty, Robert (1959) In Human Terms: The 1959 Story of the UNRWA-UNESCO Arab Refugees Schools. Paris: UNESCO Abstract: The study is based on a visit the author made to Palestinian refugee schools in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan in May 1959. It is a descriptive study written in a journalistic style. The author looks favourably on the UNRWA-UNESCO educational system for Palestinian Refugees. Two observations which the study reveals are worth mentioning here: (1) Palestinian Refugees persist strongly to get an education, and attach the greatest importance to that in spite of overwhelming difficulties and obstacles, and (2) their insistence on thorough special instruction on the geography and history of Palestine although UNRWA-UNESCO schools' curriculum is prescribed by the host countries. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees school; refugees (Palestinian)

Fasheh, Munir (1990) "Community Eduction: To Reclaim and Transform What Has Been Made Invisible." Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 60, 1 (February), pp. 19-35. Abstract: Drawing on personal experience, it is argued that Western hegemony is reflected in the teaching of Western maths and science in Palestine. The ideology of Western superiority extends beyond its dominance of the formal educational system, into social, cultural, moral, political, and intellectual realms. The history of Palestinian education

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is described, with emphasis on the role of the intifadeh (uprising) in changing education among Palestinians in the present period. It is recommended that education should: evolve through the needs of the community, instill values of self worth, empowerment, and self acceptance, encourage reflection on personal experience, and emphasize competent and creative human resources. S.G. Yates (Copyright 1990, Sociological Abstracts, Inc. all rights reserved.) Keywords: refugees, (Palestinian); Israel; education; self-determination; self-government; human resources

Fawzi, Asad (1974) "Some geographic element in the Arab-Israeli conflict." Journal of Palestinian Studies, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 79-87. Abstract: This article discusses the geographic element in the Arab­Israeli conflict. The Author argues that it is not easy to separate the geographic issue from the demographic one. Keywords: geography; demography; Palestinians, Arabs; Israel; Jews.

Felaha, Mahmoud (1973) . "The Proposed Arab University in the West Bank," Palestine Affairs. [In Arabic], XXVI, (October), PP. 44-49. Abstract: The author discusses the proposal of establishing an Arab University in the West Bank to serve the needs of Palestinians in occupied Palestine. The proposal has been discussed and talked about during the years 1972-1973. The author points out that the proposal for the University did not originate from the local population, and that the Israeli authorities supported and encouraged the idea in order to use it to serve their own goals and purposes. After stating Israel's intentions in encouraging the establishment of such University, the author expresses his disapproval of the proposal. As an alternative solution, he suggests expanding the opportunities for Palestinian students to receive their higher education in Arab universities. Palestinians face a dilemma in their attempt to provide higher education for the younger generation. On one hand if they agree to establish an Arab university in the West Bank it is very likely it wil~ be dominated in every aspect by the Israeli authorities. On the other hand, there are not enough places in the Arab universities for Palestinians who aspire for higher education. Moreover, education in Arab universities is not always compatible with the Palestinians' social and political goals. In fact, it has many negative effects, one of them is the fragmentation of Palestinian identity. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; education; universities; refugees (Palestinian)

Fletcher, Elaine Ruth and Landau, Pinchas (1990) "Fire in the Holy Land: Sizing up the Economic Effects of the Intifada," Barren's, Vol. 70, Issue 24, (June 11), pp. 14-15. Abstract: The economic links between Israel and the Palestinian residents of its occupied territories are stronger than politics. Even the Palestinian Intifada ("Shaking off") has not changed the core of this relationship. The Intifada began in 1987 as a Palestinian reaction to a lack of jobs, onerous taxes, and repressive bureaucracy. Helped by modest amounts of credit and by political support from the European Community, Palestinians have developed new businesses and independent export channels that are breaking the 20-year-old pattern under which they operated primarily as cheap subcontractors for Israeli firms. A study published by Bank Hapoalim reported that the Intifada slowed growth in gross domestic product by about 1. 5 percent or about US $600 million, in 1988. All available data show that the Intifada effect on the Israeli economy has been gradually wearing off. In 1989, the direct cost of the Intifada was us $200 million-us $ 400 million, according to Hapoalim. The impact of the Intifada on the socio-economic structure of the Palestinians has been far less than they anticipated.

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Keywords: economy; European Community; Intifada; refugee (Palestinian)

Gama, Abid Husni (1972) The United Nations and the Palestinian Refugees: An Analysis of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1 May 1950-30 June 1971. The University of Arizona Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, 1972. Abstract: A study of the UNRWA'S relief, health, and education services since it began its operations in 1950. Keywords: UNRWA; education; refugees (Palestinian);

Gerner, D. J. (1989) Israeli Restrictions on the Palestinian Universities in the occupied West Bank and Gaza, Journal of Arab Affairs. Vol. 8 (1): pp. 74-123. Abstract: The situation of indigenous educational, social, and cultural institutions in an area under foreign military occupation is always complex. Among the most important national institutions in any society are its colleges and universities; thus, their treatment by occupation authorities can provided crucial insights into the intentions of the occupying power. An examination of Israeli policies toward Palestinian institutions of higher education in the West Bank and Gaza between 1967 and 1988 documents how these policies violate the internationally recognized right of academic freedom. Official and ad hoc closures of the universities, raids and military interventions on campus, confiscation of identification cards, restrictions on construction, and censorship all directly restrict the ability of the universities to function; so also do the arbitrary arrests of university personnel, the long-term administrative detention of faculty, students, and administrators, the refusal of travel permits for faculty to attend professional meetings abroad, the denial of work permits, and the permanent expulsion of academics. Based on data obtained in part from interviews with faculty, students, and administrators (N not specified) in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories in Israel and Jordan, it is argued that these human rights violations are designed to undercut independent Palestinian nationalism and to make difficult the development of an indigenous intellectual elite capable of serving in leadership positions within Palestinian society. AA (Abstract from Sociological Abstract, copyright 1990) Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; education.; demography; West Bank; Gaza ; refugees-displaced persons

Ghazwi, Fahmi - Steven L. Nock (1989) "Religion as a Mediating Force in the Effects of Modernization on Parent­Child Relations in Jordan". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No~ 3, 1989, pp. 363-369. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Jordan; Children Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Graham-Brown, Sarah (1984) Education, Repression & Liberation: Palestinians. London: World University Service (UK), 179 p. Abstract: A study of Palestinian education in relation to the goal of national liberation. This covers pre-1948 Palestine, Palestinians in Israel, and schools and universities in the occupied territories, Lebanon, and other Arab states. Keywords: education; Israel; human rights; refugees (Palestinian); Lebanon; west Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; Palestine Liberation Organization; settlement-resettlement

Hagpian, Edward and Zahlan, A.B. (1974) "Palestine's Arab Population: The demographic Of Palestinians" Journal of

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Palestinian Studies. Vol. 3, (summer), pp. 32-73. Abstract: This article surveys the demographic of Palestinians before and after the creation of Israel. Also, the authors compare the demographic distribution between Palestinians and Jews since 1909. The study deals with Palestinian demography and human geography. It traces the demographic behaviour of the Palestinian people throughout the twentieth century. The authors treat their topic in five parts which correspond with five periods in Palestinian history. These are: (1) the period prior to 1918, (2) the period from 1919 to 1948, (3) the period from 1948 to 1952, (4) the period from 1952 to June 1967, and (5) the period after June 5, 1967. For each period the study provides a general survey of the demographic features of the Palestinians, and the implications of these features on their education and their struggle against Zionist colonization. The authors argue that if education and planning had been available for Palestinians in the past; or could be utilized in the future, the course of events might have been, and still could be, substantially different. They indicate the need for the Palestine resistance movement to conceive the Palestinian population as a major resource which requires considerable management and planning. At the end of the study, Hagopian and Zahlan identify some of the pressing and basic issues that should be examined. These are (l) natural population growth, (2) dispersal, (3) agglomeration, (4) employment, (5) level of education, (6) quality of education, (7) female emancipation, and (8) manpower agglomeration. This is one of few research studies which have dealt with the demography of the Palestinians. The authors not only trace the demographic trends of the Palestinians throughout the twentieth century, but also discuss the affect Or these trends on the Palestinians efforts to pursue their national goals. In view of the current efforts of the Palestinians to develop their manpower to its full potential, and to utilize it effectively to serve their goals, the study is of special importance. The data used in this article based on the British mandate and UNRWA statics. Keywords: Palestinians; Jews; demographics; refugees; UNRWA; manpower; education

Haidar, Aziz (1981) Causes of Students' Identification with School and Alienation from it: in the Arab High Schools in Israel. Master's Thesis, The Hebrew University; Jerusalem. Keywords: education; high schools; Israeli Arabs;

Haji Majid Al- (1988) "The Arab Internal Refugees in Israel: The Emergence of a Minority within the Minority". Immigrants and Minority, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 149-165. Abstract: Keywords: Refugees; Israel; Palestine. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hajj, Muyassar Al- (1989) "A Comparative Study of Teachers' Evaluation in UNRWA Schools (Jordan) and in California Public Schools" Student Term Paper. 22 p. Abstract: Comparative study explaining the policies, criteria, procedures, designing evaluations and frequency towards improving teaching capability. Keywords: Jordan; Education; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hallaj, M. (1990) "Israel's War on Palestinian Education." The Return, Vol. 2, (6). Keywords: education; Israel; refugees (Palestinian); human rights; human resources

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Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan A Study of the Conditions of Women Working in Factories in the City of Amman Jordanian Social Services Office, Research and Studies Unit, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 64 p. Abstract: Keywords: Vocational Training; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1982) A Study of Employment Opportunities for Urban Women in the Governorate of Irbid, in the Municipality of Jerash Social Development Department, Society of Development Center, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 160 p. Abstract: Keywords: Society; Jordan; Women. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1983) Studies in Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons in Jordan Queen Alia National Fund, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 106 p. Abstract: A number of studies in the rehabilitation of different types of disabled persons and their training in communication, movement, social behaviour, basic knowledge. Keywords: Education; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1984) A Survey of the Technical Staff working with the Disable in Jordan Queen Alia National Fund, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 56 p. Abstract: A statistical survey of the qualified personnel working in the education, rehabilitation, and training of the disabled persons in Jordan and the levels of their qualifications and skills, along with the types of disabilities they are dealing with. Keywords: Education; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1985) Labour Force Development in the Occupied Territories A study prepared by the Jordanian Palestinian Joint Gommittee, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 157 p. Abstract: A study that covers the structure of the labour force, population, rates of participation and unemployment, wages, labour uniqns, and the situation of Arabs working with Israel. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) "A Survey of Unemployment in Jordan" A survey prepared by Research Department, Ministry of Labour (in Arabic), 39 p. Abstract: A survey presenting kinds of unemployment, unemployment rates from 1981 until 1989 by sectors, sex, qualifications, and jobs available. Keywords: Jordan; Economic Development; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) Statistical Yearbook Department of statistics, Amman, Jordan, (bilingual, English and Arabic), annual, 509 p. Abstract: A statistical yearbook of Jordan's population, labour and wages rates, agriculture, education, health, finance, etc.

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Keywords: Demography, Jordan, Health, Education. Available from: Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) A Study of the Problem of Beggars and the Homeless in Jordan Ministry of social Development, Department of Planning, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 139 p. Abstract: 624 cases of Jordanian homeless and some recommendations for laws to deal with this problem, with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1990) Social Development An annual report prepared by the Ministry of Labour and Social Development, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 165 p. Abstract: A report projecting the role of the Ministry in Jordan, social programs and services, child welfare, social development, rehabilitation of the disabled, with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Children; social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) An Analytical Study of the Professional and Social Conditions of Jordanian Returnees A study prepared by Hussein Shakhatreh and Victor Billeh for the National Center for Educational Research and Development, Part 2, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic). Abstracta Statistical data related to the living conditions of returnees, age structures, students by sex, age, grade and other topics. Keywordsa Jordan; Education; Children; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 1990: Preliminary Report Report prepared for the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health, Jordan, and the Institute for Resource Development by DHS: Demographic Health Surveys, Macro International Inc., 20 p. Abstract: Covers the methodology of the DHS survey, and findings related to fertility, family planning, reproductive intentions, antenatal care, immunization, childhood diseases, mortality rates, with statistics. Keywords: Demography, Jordan; Health; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) "A Monthly Report on the Jordanian Returnees" Report of September 1991, General Statistics Department (in Arabic) (monthly), 34 p. Abstract: A statistical survey of the Jordanian returnees, numbers, economic conditions, and their previous jobs aborad. Keywords: Jordan; Economy; Human Resources. Available froa: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Research and Studies on Basic Education in Jordan 1970-1990, Part Two National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, Publication Series, No. 3, (in Arabic), 136 p. Abstract: Selected, annotated, analytical bibliography on subjects related to education, facilities, curriculum, teacher training and scientific aspects. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development,

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Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) The Financial Burden of the Jordanian Returnees on the Economy Preliminary report by the Ministry of Planning, Amman, Jordan, 24 p. Abstract: A report covering the soc1o-economic characteristics Jordanian returnees and their financial and job creation requirements, estimation of costs per capital with statistics.

of and

Keywords: Jordan; Education; Economic Infrastructure; Returnees.

Demography;

Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Population Bulletin A quarterly bulletin published by the National Population Commission, Third Edition, second Year, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 12 p. Abstract: A special edition covering the proceedings of a conference on "Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan" with an analysis of some of the presentations and the final recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Health; Children. Available from: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Life Conditions of Returnees and Their Approach Towards Investment in Jordan. A study prepared by Hussein Shakhatreh and Victor Billeh for the National Center for Educational Research and Development, Part 3, Amman, Jordan [In Arabic], 47 p. Abstract: A study covering statistical data about returnees with regards to family size, employed persons, living expenses per month, basic problems facing them and other issues. Keywords: Jordan; Economics; Education. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) A Study of the Social and Economic Conditions of Jordanian Returnees A study conducted by the National Center for Educational Research and Development: Part one, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 60 p. Abstract: A statistical study of Jordanian returnees according to their family size, education, vocational education, economic and social conditions. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Vocation Training; Returnees; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) National Centre for Educational Research and Development (NCERD): An Introduction Booklet prepared by NCERD, Publications Series, No. 5, 23 p. Abstract: Provides information related to the establishment and operating of NCERD in Jordan and its key role in educational reform. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Basic Statistics and Indicators of General Education in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" Wall Chart, National Center for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, n.p. Abstract: Graphic and statistical presentations of facts related to education, including school facilities, size, teaching staff, and students, by school district. Keywords: Education; Jordan.

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Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Research and Studies on Basic Education in Jordan 1970-1990, Part One National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, Publication Series, No. 2, (in Arabic), 119 p. Abstract: Simple bibliography on all subjects related to education, facilities, curriculum, teacher training and scientific aspects. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) The Arab Woman Newsletter by The Arab Association for Women and Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 1992 (in Arabic), 4 p. Abstract: A semi-annual newsletter that highlights some of the proceedings of a Seminar on Women, Employment and Development in the Arab World in December 1991 in Jordan and some other topics on women. Keywords: Jordan; Social Development; Women. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) An Assessment of Vocational And Technical Education in Jordan A study prepared for USAID/Jordan, the Academy for Educational Development and the National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, Publication Series, No. 13, n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour, identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources. Available froa: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) Education in Jordan: Facts and Indicators National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, Publication Series, No. 11, (in Arabic), 167 p. Abstract: Covers social and economic demographic statistics, educational philosophy, review of education system based on educational database provided by the NCERD. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "A study of the Effects of Kindergarten Education on the Comprehension of First Grade Pupils of Arabic Language, Reading and Writing" Internal report. n.p. [In Arabic]. Abstract: Random sample case study from two UNRWA schools comparing pupils who have attended kindergarten and those who have not. Keywords: Children; UNRWA; Education. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "Aggressive Behavior in Intermediate Stage Students" Internal Report, UNRWA Jordan Field Office (in Arabic). Abstract: Case study about various types of aggressive behavior of students, physical and verbal, assessing and identifying causes. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

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Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "A study of the Effects of Kindergarten Education on the Comprehension of First Grade Pupils of Arabic Language, Reading and Writing" Internal report. n.p. [In Arabic]. Abstract: Random sample case study from two UNRWA schools comparing pupils who have attended kindergarten and those who have not. Keywords: Children; UNRWA; Education. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "Identifying the Needs of Arabic Language and Islamic Education teachers in Al-Balqa Region: Analysis of Class Visit Reports" Internal Report, UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (in Arabic). Abstract: Recommends changes to teaching techniques in reading, grammar, Islamic education, classes. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hazboun, Samir (1992) Beit Jibrin Camp (Al-Azza). A socio-economic survey. Series of occasional research papers published by Afaq Filistineyyah. Bir Zeit University, No. 6, 22. Abstract: A field Study included 149 out of 155 families in the Camp of Beit Jibrin in Gaza. The study covered demography employment, income, expenditure of family, education. Keywords: Refugees-Palestinian; Refugees Socio-economic; Gaza-Refugee Camp. Available from: Bir Zeit University, Ramallah, West Bank

Hershkovitz, Sara (1991) "Socio-Spatial Aspects of Changes in Educational Services: Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, 1970-88," Service Industries Journal. Vol. 11, No.2, (April), pp. 137-53. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; Jerusalem; Israel

Hink, Heinz R. and Pillsubry, Kent (1962) . The UNRWA School System and the Palestine Arab Refugee Problem. Tempe, Arizona: Bureau of Government Research, Arizona State University. Abstract: The authors of this booklet are faculty members at Arizona State University. They indicate in the introduction that they made an on-the-ground study of.the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program with a view of looking into two matters: (1) the educational worth of the program, and (2) the impact of the program on Arab-Israeli relations in the area. Yet chapter three (seven pages) is the only part of the booklet not concerned in exploring the system and its educational merit as much as they are concerned with the role the program might play in solving what they call the "Arab refugee problem." Throughout the booklet, the authors expressed their objection to the political socialization of Palestinian youths which occur in UNRWA schools. Palestinian students whether enroled in UNRWA or other schools are much aware of their reality, and are committed to their just cause. The authors fail to realize that the political socialization of Palestinian students is a reflection of the needs and desires of their parents and community leaders. Parents do have the right to determine what type of education their children should receive -- a right recognized by UNESCO. The booklet includes a chapter about Israeli views on the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program. A question must be raised to the validity of assuming that Israelis should have a say in the education of Palestinians. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees (Palestinian); Israel

Hoagland, Jim (1974)

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"Arab Educator is Fighting Expulsion from West Bank," Chicago Sun-Times, December 3. Abstract: This is a journalistic article about the deportation of the Palestinian educator, Dr. Hanna Nasser by the Israeli authorities. Nasser is the president of Birzeit College--now Birzeit University. The Palestinian educator points out that he and other Palestinian leaders are being expelled because of their leadership potential, and asserts that deporting people from their own country, without charges and without giving them a chance to defend themselves, is contrary to all international law. Nasser is appealing to American groups that help finance Birzeit, to intervene and seek his return and affirms that only the United States can censure Israel and make it respect human rights. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: deportation; universities; Israel; United States; Palestinian

Ibrahim, Issa Abdul Fattah Allawzi, Abdul Rahman Al Qatarneh and Tayel Al Hajji A Study of the Situation and Future of the Jordanian Labour Market Vol. 1: The Situation of the Jordanian Labour Market, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 501 p. Abstract: Keywords: Economy; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

International Commission of Jurists in cooperation with Kuwa-it University and Union of Arab Lawyers (1982)

Human Rights in Islam Report of Seminar held in Kuwait 1980, International Commission of Jurists, Kuwait, 93 p. Abstract: A selection of papers evaluating human rights in general highlighting rights of work, minorities' rights, civil and political rights in Islamic laws. Keywords: Islam; Education; Economics; Human Rights. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1988) "Refugees and Conflict Situations" International Review of the Red Cross, July-August 1988, No. 265, pp 321-378. Abstract: This addition of Review, includes 4 papers on the special theme of refugees and conflict resolutions prepared by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, President of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, the International Committee of the Red Cross Legal Division and Professor of Law at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok. Keywords: Human Rights; Refugees. Available from: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1990) Reference Report International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland (Annual), 117 p. Abstract: Annual account of the Committee's work in the field and promotion of humanitarian law, covers Jordan specifically as well as Iraq, Occupied Territories, Lebanon and Syria. Keywords: Human Rights; Arab States. Available from: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

Israel Central Bureau of statistics and Ministry of Education and Culture (1969)

Kindergartens and Schools in the Administered Territories. December 1967, March 1968, Special Series No. 281 [In English and Hebrew], Jerusalem. Abstract: Statistical summaries based on reports made by all the educational institutions in the occupied territories to the Israeli army.

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A distinction is made between governmental, UNRWA and private institutions. Includes a calculation of the rate of participation of studies in various groups of the population. A later census conducted in November 1968 is reported in Special Series No. 313. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Israel; UNRWA; Administered Territories

Itayem, Mahmoud Ahmad (1991) "Executive Summary of Background Paper on PALIS Project" Monograph prepared for Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan. 5 p. Abstract: Brief description of the project to develop largest universal bibliographic data base with all aspects of Palestine, including the study itself, support, manpower, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to its use. Keywords: Palestine; Data Base. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Itayem, Mahmoud Ahmad (1991) PALIS: Palestine Information System Project Background Paper Monograph prepared for Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan. 65 p. Abstract: Detailed description of the project to develop largest universal bibliographic data base with all aspects of Palestine, its supporting institutes and data base information by field, including supporting computer software and hardware. Keywords: Palestine; Data Base. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jaafari, Lafi (1973) "The Brain Drain to the United States: The Migration of Jordanian and Palestinian Professionals and Students," Journal of Palestine Studies, III (Autumn), pp. 119-131. Abstract: This research study investigates the reasons for migration and settlement in the United States of the educated Palestinians. A questionnaire was sent to 300 students and professionals, of whom 227 responded. The study reveals that the reasons for the "brain drain" can be classified under two categories. The first is the political and

. sociological reasons. Professionals and students resent the political status at home which is characterized by lack of stability, reactionary leaders, lack of popular governments, and disloyalty of leaders to masses. Sociological problems which they identify are ignorance, illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, the immobility of the society, the tradition bound society, family loyalty and attitudes toward women. The second group of reasons relate to the better professional environment in the United States as compared to Arab countries. Recently, some Arab countries began to realize the waste in manpower as a result of the brain drain. Some effort are being made to encourage Arab professionals and intellectuals to return to work in the Arab countries. Needless to say, that their efforts should be encouraged and expanded. Yet it is also important to stress the necessity of political and social reforms. As these countries introduce social and political reforms and become more representative of their people, professionals and students will be encouraged to return. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: migration; human resources; Jordan; gender (woman); education

Jaloudi, Jamil Al- (1991) The Relationship Between Unemployment and Wage Rates in Jordan: 1981-1989 Muota for Research and Studies, Humanistic and Social Sciences Series, Volume 6, No. 3 (in Arabic), pp. 159-170. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan

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Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jamal, Ali Hilal Ahmad Al- (1988) "Jordanian Emigration and unemployment Trends" Labor, Volume II, No. 41, (in Arabic), pp. 24-32. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Jiryis, Sabri (1969) The Arabs in Israel. Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies. Abstract: The author is a Palestinian scholar and lawyer who lived for many years under Israeli rule. The study is based on the author's personal observation and experience as well as exhaustive study of Israeli laws and administrative practices. Jiryis provides us with an authoritative analysis of the repression and discrimination in which Arabs live under Israeli military authorities. Part of the study deals with Arab education in Israel. The author points out that the educational status of the Arabs in Israel is most unsatisfactory. He indicates that educational standards in Arab schools are extremely low, in comparison not only with Jewish schools in Israel, but also with standards all over the Middle East and with those prevailing in Palestine under the mandate. The author ascribes this condition to the policy of the Israeli authorities which intends to keep the Arabs in a state of ignorance, to diminish national consciousness among them, and to make them uncertain about their national affiliation. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Israel; Arabs (Palestinian); education

Jnidi, Salim Al- (1988) Arab Labour Movement in Palestine Dar Al Jaleel for Publication, Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 179 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Johnson, Penny (1988) "Palestinian Universities Under Occupation." Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 17, ( 2 ) • Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; education (universities); human resources; self-determination; self-government

Jordan, Department of Statistics (1971) Jordanian Students in the Third Level of Education, 1969/1970. (In English and Arabic] Amman. Abstract: A statistical survey of Jordanian students in Arab and foreign institutions for higher education according to their major fields and geographical distribution. Includes Palestinians living on the East Bank of Jordan. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Jordan; East Bank; education; refugees (Palestinian);

Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of, Ministry of Health, Department of Planning, Training and Research (1984)

Promotion and Expansion of Health Care Services (3 volumes) Monograph, Ministry of Health, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 100 p. Abstract: Detailed project proposal to World Bank for support of improved health care services in Jordan, plus 2 volumes of annexes. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Human Resources. Available from: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

Kandiyoti, Deniz (ed.) (1991)

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Women, Islam and the State Temple University Press, Philadelphia, USA. 276 p. Abstract: Examination, through individual papers, by country, on the role of the modern Arab state in relationships between Islam and nationalism and the position of women, their rights, politics, and family. Keywords: Women; Islam; Human Rights.

Khairi, Salwa Al- (1992) Woman's Role in Public Sector Employment A report prepared by Civil Service Department and Professional Women Club for the Professional Women Conference, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 14 p. Abstract: A study of sex differences in employment, education, places of unemployed women, types of women jobs and some recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Women; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Khalifa, Sahar, Dr. Rita Giacaman, Islah Jad et al (1991) Woman Affairs Women Affairs Society, Nablus, Palestine (in Arabic), 198 p. Abstract: A book covering issues related to women's conditions under occupation and their political and social roles during the Intifida. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida; Social Development. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Khamis, Mousa (1990) "Aspects of Human Resources Development and Planning in Jordan" Labor, Vol. 13, Nos. 50-51 (in Arabic), pp. 38-44. Abstract: Keywords: Human Resources; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Kharbush, Mustara N. (1968) The Educational System of UNRWA in Lebanon. (In Arabic], Beirut: American University Unpublished Masters thesis. Abstract: The thesis deals with the UNRWA' s educational system for Palestine Refugees in Lebanon. It covers the organization and the operation of the system. It includes also a critique of certain shortcomings of the system and suggests possible remedies. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; Lebanon; education; refugees (Palestinian);

Khasawneh, Saleh (1989) "Women in the Jordanian Job Market" Development, No. 191, (in Arabic), pp. 46-53. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, .Jordan.

Khouri, Riad Al- (1990) "The Regulatory and Policy Framework for Exports in Jordan - A Survey and Proposal for Change" Monograph prepared for the meeting of Consultative Group on Exports, an informal group of Jordanians facing problems, seeking solutions. Abstract: Provides overview, in point form, of laws, policies, regulations, checklists pertaining to export trade and evolving purpose of the group. Keywords: Jordan; Economy. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Koura, Nazeh (1975) The Educating of Palestinians: The Reality and the Problems. (In Arabic], Beirut: Palestine Research Center.

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Abstract: The role of education in the life of the Palestinians, and the problems they face in their attempt to pursue an education which would serve their needs are the major themes of the study. In the first two chapters, the author discusses the education of the Palestinians since 1943. Curricula, vocational and teacher education, and higher education are dealt with in chapters three, four, and five. The author did not adhere strictly to the rules of educational research. Chapter three which deals with curricula is not original and is mere repetition of other studies reported elsewhere. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: vocational training; education; human resources; refugees (Palestinian)

Krausz, Ernest (1989) Education in a Comparative Context. Studies of Israeli society, no. 4. New Brunswick, NJ/Oxford, Transaction, 493 p. Abstract: This is the fourth volume in a series that focuses on the functioning of the Israeli education system and on the socialization and educational processes at work in Israeli society. The paper analyzes the role of education as a socialization integrative factor, as a vehicle for addressing equal opportunity, and as an institution for meeting economic and technological challenges. The authors note, as well, the role education is playing in sharpening the differences between the secular and religious cultures of Israel and the backwardness of the educational system for Israeli Arabs which has helped to fuel anti-Israeli attitudes among the Arab population. Two important conclusions seems to emerge. The first is that school integration is the symbol rather than the cause of social integration: the causes lie in inculcating the Israeli student body during the educational process with common beliefs, national goals, and culture. The second is that education of the Arabs in Israel remains a perplexing problem: how does one provide "individual opportunities to those students in a disadvantaged minority," while also "educating good citizens for the state of Israel"? (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: education; Palestinian; Israel; demography; minority

Kuroda, Yasumasa and Kuroda, Alice K. (1971) "Personal Political Involvement of Palestinian Youths: A Study of Political Socialization in a Revolutionary Polity," Middle East Forum. XLVII (Summer), pp. 51-65. Abstract: Data for this article is derived from a survey of 234 Palestinian high school students in Jordan in 1970. Answers to the following questions were sought. What characterizes political activities among high school students of Palestinian origin? Are variables normally associated with high political involvement in other countries also operative among Palestinians? Is there anything that characterizes political involvement patterns of Palestinian youths not shared by others? Among the important findings the authors report the following: (1) young Palestinians are motivated to become directly involved in politics irrespective of one's background, (2) being a member of a commando unit for the Young Palestinians is an integral part of being a political acti viet, ( 3) the death of a family member stimulates the Palestinian youth to become interested in political activities, and (4) no positive relationship was found between political efficacy items and the Personal Political Involvement Scale (PPI). This lack of positive relationships suggests the nature of the political participation of Palestinians in Jordan. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Jordan; education; high schools

Kuroda, Yasumasa and Kuroda, Alice K. (1972) "Young Palestinian Commandos in Political Socialization Perspective," Middle East Journal, XXVI (Summer), pp. 253-270. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: what makes young Palestinians join commando organizations? The findings of

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the study indicate that Palestinian students today no longer identify themselves as Refugees, and although Palestinian Refugees have been given legal citizenship by Jordan, they remain psychologically Palestinians in their identification. A second finding is that Palestinian students do not structure their attitude in bi-polar or the Cold War perspective as many Americans do. In comparison with students of other countries, Palestinian students are more obsessed with the gaining of their nationhood. Palestinian students also show disregard for material welfare over psychological satisfaction. The author recommends viewing Palestinian youths more as an active agent of their own socialization process rather than to be viewed only as passive learners. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: youths (Palestinian); refugees (Palestinian); education

Kuroda, Yasumasa and Kuroda, Alice K. (1972) "Palestinians and World Politics: A Social-Psychological Analysis," Middle Eas~ Forum. XLVIII (Spring), pp. 45-57. Abstract: This is another article which derives its major source of data from a survey of Palestinian high school students in Jordan, which the authors had conducted in 1970. The authors examine how Palestinian youths perceive themselves, how they feel toward major powers of the world, and how realistic and justifiable they are in viewing the world as they do. The authors conclude that Palestinian youths think and act as Palestinians while they live in Jordan. In regard to their attitudes toward major powers, Palestinians show their positive feelings in the following order of preference: Russians, Chinese, French, English, American and Israeli. They exhibited the same order of preference for the government of these nationals. Their attitude toward their nations seems to closely correspond to political alignments in the Israeli-Palestine conflict. Furthermore, the authors found that Palestinians distinguish a government from its people in viewing countries they dislike but not those they like. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; high schools; Jordan; refugees (Palestinian)

Kuroda, Yasumasa and Kuroda, Alice K. (1974) "Socialization of Freedom Fighters: The Palestinian Experience," In Ibrahim Abu-Lughod and Baha Abu-Laban. Se~~ler Regimes in Africa and ~he Arab world: The Illusion of Endurance. Wilmette, Illinois; The Medina University Press International. pp. 147-161. Abstract: The study is an attempt to explain how Palestinians are socialized into taking active political roles. It reveals that the agents of socialization for Palestinian youths are not limited to the family and the school but include being a member of "Ashbal" which is designed to train future freedom fighters, and events such as the death of someone close to them in the war against Israel. Other organizations such as the General Union of Palestinian Students are also considered as key agents of political socialization. A description of the Palestinian freedom fighters and the attitudes of Palestinian children toward them are provided in the study. Based on the collected data, the authors hypothesize that the commandos act as an important agent of socialization, and that young Palestinians find a key source of pride in them. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: youth (Palestinian); education; schools; refugees (Palestinian)

Lang Erika and Itimad Muhanna (1991) "A Study of Women and Work in Shatti Refugee Camp of the Gaza Strip". Arab Thought Forum Publication, Jerusalem. Abstract: Field Study of 179 pages undertaken by both authors in Shatti refugee camp during one year period, a 2% household sample was calculated. Employment, education, home production, trading activities, domestic work, voluntary work and leisure covered in 10 chapters.

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Keywords: Refugees (Palestinian); Woman-Palestinian; Gaza Stripe­Refugee Camp. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

League of Arab States (1956) The Palestinian Refugees. [In Arabic) , Cairo: League of Arab States. Abstract: The study deals with refugees in Arab countries, health, housing and social copyright 1977).

the living conditions of Palestinian especially problems of education, adjustments. (Abstract from AAUG,

Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); UNRWA

Locke Richard and Stewart Anton (1985) Bantustan Gaza. zed Books Ltd., London. Abstract: The book offers a very general overview of the Gaza strip, historically, agriculture, economics, water, education and health. The material displayed in ten chapters ( 70 pages) includes the refugees of Gaza as well. Chapter 7 specialized in the Refugee Camps of Gaza. Keywords: Gaza strip - economy. Available from: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Mahshi, K. and Bush, K. (1989) "The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future." Harvard Educational Review, 59 (4); (November) pp. 470-483. Abstract: Since the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian West Bank and Gaza, the situation of education under systems imposed by outsiders has been exacerbated by the combination of an Israeli civil and military authority and a Jordanian curriculum. The intifadeh (uprising) that has continued since Dec 1987 has challenged the Israeli.occupation and all its institutions. All educational establishments have been subject to frequent closures by military authorities, forcing Pal~stinians to reexamine their present educational system and to look for both short and long term alternatives. The potential of the intifadeh as a catalyst for educational change is explored here, examining: informal, community based educational; alternative modes of instruction designed to bypass closures but still use the existing system and textbooks; and long term planning as part of the national building process. It is argued.that the intifadeh has created a giant educational laboratory, challenging conservative educators to start afresh and encouraging debate among educators in Palestine and in the international educational community. 10 References. Adapted from the source document. (Abstract from Journal of sociological Abstracts, copyright 1991). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Palestine Liberation Organization; Intifada; Israel: education; West Bank; Gaza; Jordan; human resources

Majdaldin, Omar Khairi (1985) Social Relations in Some Jordanian Small Families University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 116 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Social Infrastructure. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Mansi, Kamil (1991) "Education in Jerusalem: Historical Development and Facts in the Shadow of the Occupation." [In Arabic], Samid al-Iqtisadi, Vol. 13, No. 85, (July/September), pp. 174-93. Keywords: Jerusalem; occupation; Palestinian; Israel

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Mar'i, Sami Khalil (1978) "Higher Education Among Palestinians with Special Reference to the west Bank," in Gabriel Ben-Dor (ed.), The Palestinians and the Middle East Conflict: Studies in Their History, Sociology, and Politics. Ramat Gan, Israel: Turtledove Press. Keywords: education; universities; West Bank; refugees (Palestinian)

Mar'i, Sami Khalil (1978) Arab Education in Israel, Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); Jerusalem; Israel

Mar'i, Sami Khalil (1985) "The Future of Palestinian Arab Education in Israel." Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 14 (2). pp. 52-73. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; human resources; education

Maron, s. (1988) "The West Bank and Gaza: Population, Education, Economy." New Outlook, 31 (August). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; demography; education; economy; Israel; refugees (Palestinian)

Mashayekh, Mohammed (1991) "Al-Awdaa Al-Tarbawiyah Wal-Ijtimaiyah WalThaqafiyah Fi Mukhayymat Al-Aradi Al-uhtallah". [The Social and Educational Situation in the Refugee Camps of the Occupied Territories." Samed Al-Iqtisadi, No. 83, pp. 205-214, (Arabic). Abstract: The article elaborates on the policy of the Israeli military occupation, restriction of any social, political and educational development of the Palestinians and particularly the Refugee Camps. Intifada & the Refugees, impact of collective punishment to the various social activities in the camps. Keywords: Refugees; Social Development; Israel Occupation; Refugees (Palestinian); West Bank-Refugee Camps. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Masoudi, Taisir and Abdul Rahman Al Qiq (1990) The Situation of Technical and Vocational Education in the Occupied Lands Education Studies, No. 5, Graduates Union, Palestine (in Arabic), 312 p. Abstract: A survey of the vocational training and community colleges education, their working and teaching staff, equipment, finance, and general conditions. Keywords: Education; Palestine; Vocational Training; Health. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Masri, M. w. (1987) Issues and Models in Vocational Education The author, Amman, 1987. Abstract: A book covering all issues related to vocational education and provides some models of vocational education processes. Keywords: Vocational Training; Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Matthews, Roderic D. Akrawi, Matta (1949) Education in Arab Countries of the Near East. Washington, D.C.:

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American Council on Education. Abstract: The study was conducted in response to a request from the Department of State of the United States. It is a factual and descriptive report of education in six Arab countries: Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. The authors visited these countries and collected data about schools, students, and educational expenditures from government reports and field visits. The only analytical part of the study is the last chapter, where the authors provide a summary of the problems and trends of education in the Arab World. Part three of the study (chapters 14-17) deals with education in Palestine during the British Mandate. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Egypt; Syria; Lebanon; Jordan; Palestine; Iraq; schools

Middle East Watch (1991) "Nowhere To Go: The Tragedy of the Remaining Palestinian Families in Kuwait" News from Middle East Watch, October 23, 1991, New York, New York, USA, 27 p. Abstract: Deals with Kuwait State security officers, pressure on families to leave, deportation and forced departures of Palestinians, calls on Israel to allow repatriation. Keywords: Palestinians; Kuwait; Right of Return. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Miller, Judith (1976) "Learning Under Siege on the the siege on the West Bank," Change, Vol. 7, (December-January 1975-1976), pp. 18-21. Abstract: This report by the Washington correspondent of the Progressive, is a brief description of the problems Birzeit College (now Birzeit University) had been facing since the Israeli occupation in June 1967. Birzeit College is one of the few secular institutions of higher education in the west Bank. The author points out that the College has been plagued by a multitude of problems stemming from the prolonged occupation. Financial problems, the result of high inflation, and heavy taxation in the Israeli economy, and the dearth of qualified teachers, the result of Israeli restrictions are among the serious problems which affect the quality of instruction at Birzeit. These problems are the result of the Israeli occupation, since the goals of university education and military occupation are inherently incompatible. Professor Nasir, president of Birzeit whom the Israeli authorities expelled and deported to Lebanon in 1974--summarizes the essence of the problem when he says: "We attempt to teach our students to think for themselves, to practice what they believe; to be proud of their people and traditions. Free speech and thought are at odds with Israel's objective here--the pacification of the west Bank." (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: occupation; Israel; deportation; education;

Momani, Riad Al-, and Nasser Shraideh (n.d.) "Income Distribution in Jordan" Monograph prepared at Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, 16 p. Abstract: Using statistics from 1973, 1981, 1987, income distribution patterns are provided, and reasons for inadequacies reported, includes bibliography. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Economic Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Morch, Shmuel (1971)

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"Catalogue of Arabic Books and Publications Since May 1964," Hamizrah Hehadsh, (In Arabic], XXI, 82, pp. 218-230. Abstract: A bibliographic list of poetry, short stories, novels, plays, translations and children's books published in Arabic in Israel. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; children (Palestinian)

Morsey, Mohammed M. (1976) "The Educating of the Palestinians," Al-Tarbia, Qatar: XVI, (July), pp. 48-49 Abstract: This is a short and concise article about the education of Palestinians from 1948 to the present. The author deals with his topic in four parts. The first part deals with the education of Palestinians who remain in Palestine after 1948 and thus became under direct Israeli control. The author shows by the statistics he cites the Israeli discriminatory policy which the Arabs are subjected to. In particular this policy aims at uprooting Arab youths from their culture. The second part deals with the education of Palestinian refugees, a responsibility shared by UNRWA and the host countries in which they reside. In the third part, the author discusses the educational changes which the Israeli authorities brought about after June 1967. The fourth part deals with the education of Palestinians residing in the Arab countries. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; UNRWA; youths; refugees (Palestinian); Israel

Mortensen, K. (1981) "School Education for Palestinian Refugee Children and Youth," Prospects, Vol. 11, No. 4, Paris: pp. 499-508. Abstract: One of the themes addressed in this collection of articles on educating handicapped children and youth is that of the provision of school education and training for Palestinian refugee children and youth living in Arab countries in the Middle East. Keywords: schools; education

Mesa, Shihada (1972) "A Message From Damascus: The First Conference of the General Union of the Palestinian Teachers," Palestine Affairs, (In Arabic], XIII (September), pp. 239-240. Abstract: This is a brief report about the First conference of the General Union of the Palestinian Teachers held in Damascus between August 5th and 8th, 1972. The report includes a summary of the Conference resolutions. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977) Keywords: Syria; Palestinian; education;

Mostafa, Shaker (1972) "The Palestinian Teacher and Education in the Occupied Land," Palestine Affairs, [In Arabic], VII, (March), pp. 130-151. Abstract: This article, by a professor of Islamic history at Kuwait University deals with the education of Palestinian Arabs who became subjected to Israeli authorities after 1948 It is limited to 1967. The author treats his topic under five headlines: (1) teachers, (2) students, (3) schools, (4) curricula, and (5) the effects of the Zionist educational policy on the previous four points. In the conclusion, he points out the goals which the Israeli authorities set up for the education of Palestinian Arabs, and the strategies for achieving these goals. Foremost among these goals are: (1) their attempts to keep the Palestinians in a state of backwardness, fragmentation, and weakness, (2) dominance and containment of any leadership that any leadership that may emerge, and (3) attempt to eradicate the cultural heritage of the Palestinian community which it shares with the surrounding Arab countries. The result of the

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Zionist educational policy toward the Palestinians is that the percentage of educated people among them is not only less than that of Jews in Israel but also less than any other country in the Middle East. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; teachers; Israel; curricula

N. H. (1972) "A Message From the Occupied Land: A Report on Higher Education Institutes in the West Bank," Palestine Affairs [In Arabic], XIII, (September), PP. 230-234.Abstract: The report which is by an anonymous author deals with higher education Institutes in the West Bank. It provides a brief data about each of these institutes. Most of the higher education institutes in the West Bank are teachers preparation centers which provide two years programs beyond high school. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: occupied territories, education; universities

Nafi, Jamal (1990) "Family Nourishment Committee and Its Social and Economic Roles under the Intifida," Economic Samid, Vol. 12, No~ 80 (in Arabic), pp. 104-118. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Vocational Training; Intifida; Children. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nakheleh, Emile (1980) A Palestinian Agenda for the West Bank and Gaza. Foreword by Robert J. Pranger. washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. Abstract: A collection of papers on issues of importance to the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip (agriculture, education, housing, labour, municipal legal structure, social work, land tenure, and settlements), written by Palestinians living there. Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; settlements; manpower

Nakhleh, Khalil (1979) Palestinian Dilemma: National Consciousness and University Education in Israel. AAUG Monographs Series No. 10. Detroit: Association of Arab-American University Graduates Publications. Abstract: A study of the relationship between Palestinian education and national consciousness in Israel, based in large part on survey data. Much of the study focuses on two villages. Keywords: education (policy); schools; universities; human resources; West Bank; Gaza; Israel; settlement-resettlement; self­government; refugee categories (stateless versus non-stateless refugees)

Nasir, Hanna (1976) An Arab University in Palestine. [In Arabic] Birzet, ·West Bank: Birizet University Publications. Keywords: education; university; West Bank; refugees (Palestinian)

National Centre for Educational Research and Development and Ministry of Education, Jordan (1990)

Plan of Action for Educational Reform 1989-1998 Report prepared by Victor Billeh and Izzat Jaradat for presentation to World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA), Jomtien, Thailand, March S-9, 1990, n.p. Abstract: Synopsis of Jordan's comprehensive reform strategy, including goals, economic background, teacher training, school facilities including demography. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

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National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Jordan (1991) "Progress Report: Implementation of the Action Program of the Human Resources Development Sector Investment Loan - Jordan 7641" Intermediary Technical Unit Report Series, NCERD, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Covers restructuring the school system, student achievement levels, examinations, teaching quality, facilities. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Neff, Donald, James Wall, and William Reynolds (1992) An Assessment of Vocational and Technical Education in Jordan Study prepared for USAID/Jordan and the Academy for Educational Development by IQC: Evaluation and Development Information Method. n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour, identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Neff, Donald, James Wall, and William Reynolds (1992) An Assessment of Vocational and Technical Education in Jordan Study prepared for USAID/Jordan and the Academy for Educational Development by IQC: Evaluation and Development Information Method. n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour, identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

North American Academics in Solidarity with Palestinian Universities (1986)

Education Under Occupation, Chicago. Abstract: A quarterly newsletter on current violations of academic freedom in the Israeli occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; education; academic freedom

North American Academics in Solidarity with Palestinian. Universities (1986)

Education Under Occupation. Chicago: North American Academics in Solidarity with Palestinian Universities. Keywords: refugees-displaced persons (1967); West Bank; Gaza Strip; education (policy) (schools) (universities); self-government; Israel; Human rights

Peres, Yochanan, and Nira Yuval-Davis (1969) "Some Observations on the National Identity of the Israeli Arabs." Human Relations, XXII (June), pp. 219-233. Abstract: The article is based on a research project conducted between 1966-1968, and financed by the American Office of Education. It involved an interview administered to 500 Palestinians mostly between the ages of 15 and 30. The article examines the psychological processes deriving from the unique position of the "Israeli Arabs." The concept of identity was used as the main tool in an analysis of the social-psychological characteristics of the "Israeli Arabs.' The authors concluded that the identity of the "Israeli Arab" is the result of an extremely delicate balance of counterpoising forces, each of which is stronger than he and effectually beyond his control. They conclude also that the "Israeli Arab" is a basically passive element in the Arab-Israeli struggle. certainly Arabs under Israeli rule have developed survival

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strategies, but one cannot conclude--as the authors did--that they are passive, or that they are reconciled to or are living in harmony with the Zionist state. The continuous feeling of hostility and competition between the Arabs and the Israeli, the threat of war; the perpetual suspicion and insecurity; and the continuous exposure to a people who consider them inferior and a hated enemy; all these factors and others nourish and strengthen the Palestinian nationality. Recent demonstrations and strikes are expression of a defiant, assertive community not a passive one. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; Israeli Arabs; Palestinian

Peres, Yochanan, Avishai Ehrlich, and Nira Yuval-Davls (1970) "National Education for Arab Youth ln Israel: A Comparative Analysis of Curricula." Jewish Journal of Sociology, XII, pp. 147-163 Abstract: The study is a comparison of secondary school curricula designed for three groups: (a) curricula prepal;'ed by Israeli authorities for Palestinians who became subjected to these authorities after 1943; (b) curricula prepared by the same authority for the Jewish majority; and (c) curricula prepared by Jordanian authorities for Palestinians in the West Bank. Two subject matters are dealt with in the comparison: history and civics. The criterion used for comparison and evaluation is "to what extent does it help the young Israeli of Arab origin to see his path clearly and mould his own identity in a way which maintains a reasonable balance between his Arab nationalism and his loyalty to the state in which he lives?" The study concludes that the curriculum designed for the Arab minority by the Israeli authorities tends to blur Arab nationality and educate the Arab student toward self-disparagement vis-a-vis the Jewish majority. These tendencies, the authors point out, are revealed in two ways: (a) the goals of various subjects are formulated with disregard of the nationalist elements in the Arab pupil's consciousness, and (b) a wide and profound knowledge of purely Jewish subjects is demanded of the Arab students at the expense of their own culture. This is an interesting study since the authors--who are Israeli--recognize the miseducation of Arab students by Israeli authorities. The conclusion should not be of a surprise, since the educational policy of the Israeli authorities toward the Arabs is directed to produce an Arab generation who is submissive and docile and who is ignorant of his nation and its history. (Abstract form AAUG, copyright 1977). · Keywords: curricula; West Bank; Gaza; Jordan; Israel; Palestinian

Peres, Yochanan, Yuval-Davis, Nira (1970) "Modernization and Nationalization in the Identity of the Israeli Arabs," The Middle East Journal, XXIV (Autumn), pp. 479-492. Abstract: The author teaches at Tel-Aviv University's Department of Sociology. In this article, he presents a study conducted among "Israeli Arabs" to investigate the forces of modernization and nationalism among them. The study involved interviewing a sample of 472 Arabs drawn from Nazareth and eight Arab villages. The conclusions of the study are: (1) social change and modernization enjoy unqualified support among the Arabs: (2) there is almost universal recognition among "Israeli Arabs" regarding the necessity of learning from Jews; and (3) West Bank Arabs showed more progress economically educationally, and on the family sphere than the "Israeli Arabs," but not in the socio-political sphere. These findings by an Israeli professor are interesting since they contradict completely Israeli propaganda which alleges that Palestinians living in Israel had achieved more progress than those living in neighbouring Arab countries. (Abstract form AAUG, copyright 1977).

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Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; Israeli Arab; education

Peretz, Don (1989) "The Arab University: Nationalist Caldron or Center of Scholarship?" World and I: A Chronicle of Our Changing Era. Vol. 4, (June), pp. 599-611. Keywords: universities; colleges; West Bank; education;

PLO Planning Center Department of Educational Planning (1972) Philosophy of Education for the Palestinian Arab People, Beirut: Beirut Planning Center. Abstract: This is a 12 page paper which includes a proposed philosophical guideline for new educational programs and curricula for Palestinian students. The Social and Educational Department of the Palestine Planning Center prepared this document in 1972. It contains notions about the nature of man, society, and the educational process. The effects of the progressive thoughts in education in general, and those of John Dewey in particular are obvious in the document. The philosophical rationale in the document constitutes a first and important step for developing Palestinian curricula. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; curricula; refugees; (Palestinian)

Qaimari, Mohammad Sulaiman (1990) Implications of the Palestinian Labour Movement Palestine Labour Union, Series No.3, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 174 p. Abstract: A book reporting on the achievements of the Palestinian Labour Union and the role of this Union in the Palestinian society along with the proceedings of the 1st Conference of the General Palestinian Labour Union in Gaza 1965. Keywords: Palestine; Israel;.Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Qarain, Ahmad (1991) "Aqbat Jabar - Mukhayyam Al Muana Wal-Saber," [Aqbet Jaber Camp: Pain and Patience) Al-Usbou Al-Jadid, No. 65, pp. 30-32. Abstract: The above camp is in Jericho district. The article discusses the population, social activities, problems of water, unemployment, education and medical services. Keywords: Jericho; Refugee Camp; Pal. Refugees. Available from: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Queen Ali Jordan Social Welfare Fund (1989) Annual Report Queen Alia Jordan Social Welfare Fund, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Booklet with individual reports on social service centres, child welfare, women's welfare and rehabilitation programs, income generating and rural development projects, special education, financial sustainers. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rogers, Mary Eliza (1989) Domestic Life in Palestine Kegan Paul International, London, U.K., 416 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Women Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Roy, Delwin A. and William T. Irelan (1992)

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"Educational Policy and Human Resource Development in Jordan". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 178-215. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Human Resources; Jordan; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Royal Scientific Society (1990) Study for Expansion of Female Employment in Jordan Study prepared by M. I. T. Ali, Suha Mustafa and Lama Khouri, funded by the World Bank for the Economic Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, Amman, 141 p. Abstract: Provides male/female demographic profile, social status, history of women in the work force, distribution of female labour, female participation in education and training, institutional constraints, employment with case studies. Keywords: Women; Demographics; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Saba, Henriette and Ghalib Asad Al-Qaddumi (1967) The Administration of Education in UNRWA, [In Arabic], Beirut, Regional Center for the Training of Senior Educational Officials in the Arab States. Abstract: A review of the organization and activities of the educational services of UNRWA and statistical study of the Palestinians registered for UNRWA services. Keywords: education; UNRWA; refugees (Palestinian); human resources

Said, Edward and Hitchens, c. (1987) Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question, Monthuen. 250 p. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian), Israel; Diaspora

Said, Edward; Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim; AbuLughod, Janet; Hallai, Muhammad; and Zureik, Elia. (1983)

A Profile of the Palestinian People. Chicago: Palestinian Human Rights Campaign. Abstract: A concise survey of the historical development of the Palestine problem, political status and organization of Palestinians, Palestinian resistance, demography, and socio­economic and educational circumstances. This is reprinted in Said, Edward and Hitchens, Christopher, eds., Keywords: demography; economic development; education; human resources

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1983) Indigenous Problems of Institutions of Higher Education in the Occupied West Bank and the Gaza Strip M.I. Publishing Co. Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus (in Arabic). Abstract: A study that covers issues related to higher education and absence of regulations. Keywords: Children; Education (universities); Palestine; Israel. Available froa: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1985) Israeli Occupation and Its Ramifications for Palestinian Culture and Education Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, London (in Arabic). Abstract: A presentation of the conditions of public education, higher education, vocational training, students, and violation of rights in the Occupied Territories.

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Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Education (universities); Vocational Training. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Sayegh, Fayez A. (1966) Discrimination in Education Against the Arabs in Israel. Beirut: Palestine Research Center. Abstract: This booklet deals with some aspects of the discrimination practised by Israel against the Palestinian Arabs in the field of education. Data in the booklet are drawn from the Israeli official publications, and refer mainly to the academic year 1964-1965. Discrimination against the Palestinian Arabs is reflected in the low percentages of Arab students in all levels, as compared to those of Jewish students. It is also reflected in he unequal educational facilities, and in the difference in the quality of education of the two groups. The, author supports his conclusions with facts and figures. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Israel; refugees (Palestinian); education

Shaaban, Bouthaina (1988) Both Right and Left Handed: Arab Women Talk About Their Lives The Women's Press Limited, London, U.K. 242 p. Abstract: Account of the author's findings of Arab women organizing themselves to challenge the traditional role of women, seeking identity and individual rights. Keywords: Women; Human Rights; Arabs.

Shaath, Nabeel (972) "High Level Palestinian Manpower," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. I (Winter), pp. 80-95. Abstract: This study is based in part on preliminary results of a questionnaire survey of Palestinian university graduates--High Level Manpower Assessment. It examines the general condition of high level Palestinian manpower, i.e. the number qualifications, professions and places of residence of educated Palestinians. Among the major findings of the study are: (a) the number Or Palestinian university students compares well with the number of Israeli university students, (b) the ratio of high level manpower and the ratio of present Palestinian university students to the total Palestinian population is higher than the ratio for any Arab country. (c) The vast majority of Palestinian university graduates received their education in the Arab countries, particularly in Egypt. Post-graduate degrees especially in engineering and the natural sciences, show a much higher ratio in American and European universities (d) Half of the university educated Palestinians work as teachers. Teaching, engineering management and medicine represent the four most important professions practised. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; universities; humam resources

Shahabi, Ghassan (1991) "The Hypocrisy of Elementary Education under Israeli Occupation." (In Arabic], Samid-Iqtisadi Vol. 13, No. 86, (October/December), pp. 88-102. Keywords: education; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; human rights

Shahin , Ahmad-Omar (1991) "Mukhayyam Canada: Masat Al-Tamazzok Bayna Alwatan Wal-Shatat", [The Torn Tragedy between Homeland and Diaspora). Samed Al Iqtisadi, No. 83, pp. 200- 204 (Arabic).

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Abstract: A case study of Canada Camp on the borders of Gaza Strip and Egypt. Writer elaborates how the camp was established & the social economic, educational life of the refugees since 1967-1990. Keywords: Canada Camp; Refugees (Palestinian); Demography. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Shakhatreh, Hussein (1979) The Jordanian Woman: Facts and Numbers, The Business and Professional Women Club, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 64 p. Abstract: A study covering women's participation in the Jordanian economy, society and policy with a statistical comparison between men and women with regards to education, job opportunities, employment. Keywords: Jordan; Education; Economy; Children. Available from: The Business and Professional Women Association, Amman, Jordan.

Sharif, Mohammad Rashad Al- (1988) "The Working Class in the West Bank and Gaza Strip" The Earth, Volume 15, No. 7 (in Arabic), pp. 11-24. Abstract: Keywords: Economics; Palestine. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Shavit, Y. (1990) "Segregation, Tracking and the Education Attainment of Minorities: Arab and Oriental Jews in Israel." American Sociological Review, 55 ( 1) • Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; human rights; Israel; human resources

Shavit, Yossi and Jennifer L. Pierce (1991) "Sibship Size and Educational Attainment in Nuclear and Extended Families: Arab and Jews in Israel," ~erican Sociological Review, Vol. 56, No. 3, (June), pp. 321-30. Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian); Gaza; West Bank

Shehada, Mosa (1972) "Some Observations about the Experiment of the General Union of Palestinian Teachers", Palestine Affairs, [In Arabic], XVI (December), pp. 150-162. Abstract: The General Union of Palestinian Teachers, which was established in late 1969, and held its first conference in August 1972, is the topic of this article. The author treats his topic in four parts. A general survey of Palestinian teachers, their number, and geographical distribution is presented in the first part. The second part deals with the unique status of the Palestinian teachers which is a reflection of the political status of the Palestinians. In the third part, the author prescribes the Union's functions as he views them. He also delimits specific duties and missions which he thinks the Union should pursue. The fourth part includes a brief history of the Union, its formation, organizational structure, and its activities. The author also evaluates the Union and its achievement taking into consideration that it is still in its formative stage. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977) • Keywords: teachers; union; Palestinian;

Shehada, Mosa (1972) "Education in the Gaza Strip." Palestine Affairs, (In Arabic], XIV (October), pp. 113-140. Abstract: This statistical study deals with education in Gaza

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Strip since 1948. The author treats his topic in four parts: (1) the demography and the economy of the Strip and their effect on education, (2) number and distribution of students and schools, (3) students' drop out and (4) girls education. The author also states some of the educational problems which resulted from the Israeli occupation of June 1967. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; West Bank; Gaza; demography

Shraideh, Marwan (1989) "The Unemployment Problem in Jordan" Development, Volume 17, No. 196, (in Arabic), pp. 38-45. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Society. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Shukair, Mona Munir (1989) "Higher Education and Development in Jordan" Development, No. 191, (in Arabic), pp. 28-34. Abstract: Keywords: Development; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Sirhan, Bassem (1970) Palestinian Children: The Generation of Liberation. Beirut: Palestine Research Center. Abstract: This research study was conducted to explore the degree to which Palestinian children are aware of their national identity, and to investigate the extent of their attachment to their homeland. The researcher interviewed a sample of Palestinian children between the ages of 10 and 15. The findings of the study indicate that Palestinian children are much aware of their national identity and their quest. They view the liberation of their land as the only solution to their problem. The study has some limitations which affect the degree of its generalizability. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; children; refugees (Palestinian);

Sirhan, Bassem (1973) "A Revolutionary Palestinian Education." Palestine Affairs, (In Arabic], XXV (September), pp. 102-109. Abstract: The author presents a preliminary conception of what he thinks Palestinian education ought to be. He argues that it is necessary and imperative to create a Palestinian education tailored to the specific needs and goals of the Palestinian society. According to the author, this type of education ought to be different in frame and substance from traditional ones. The author prescribes principles and guidelines for the type of education he advocates. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; refugees (Palestinian)

Siriah, Saleh A. (1971) "The State of Arab Education in Occupied Palestine." Magazine of the Center of Palestine Studies, (In Arabic], Baghdad University, I (November), pp. 35-71. Abstract: The study is a description of the conditions of Arab education in Israel. The author concludes that: (1) the percentage of Arab students admitted to schools is less than that of Jews, (2) quality of Arab education is inferior compared to that of the Jews, and (3) the educational policy of the Israeli authorities aims at making Palestinian Arabs accept the "reality" of the Zionist state, destruction of their national feeling, and severing

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all connections that link them with the Arab nation of which they are a part. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: occupied territories; education; Israel; Arabs; Jews

Siriah, Saleh A. (1973) Educating the Arabs in Israel. (In Arabic], Beirut, Palestine Research Center Abstract: The study is originally a doctoral dissertation submitted in 1972 to the school of education of Ein-Chams University in Egypt. It is a scholarly work dealing with the education of Palestinian Arabs who remained in Palestine after 1948. The study is limited to 1967. The author concludes the study by indicating that the educational policy of Israel is to transform the Arabs to an uneducated, and submissive group who would serve the Zionist ideology without objection. Arab education in Israel is designed to achieve this goal. The author points out the following in support of his conclusion: (a) Arabs have a separate educational system, controlled and supervised by Israeli administration, (b) the percentage of Arab students in pre elementary schools is very low compared to Jewish students, (c) Arabs have a very limited opportunity for technical education, (d) quality of Arab education, in general, is lower than that of the Jewish, and (e) developing in Arab students attitudes of sympathy and admiration for Israel, and teelings of shame and mistrust toward their Arab nation. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; elementary schools; Palestinian

Sosebbe, Stephen J. (1990) "The Palestinian Women's Movement and the Intifida: A Historical and Current Analysis" American Arab Affairs, No. 32, pp. 81-91. Abstract: Keywords: Intifida; Palestine; Women Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Sullivan, Antony Thrall (1989) Palestinian Universities under Occupation. Cairo Papers in Social Science, Volume 11, Monography 2. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. · Abstract: A study of higher education in the West Bank and Gaza, with case studies of four universities. Sullivan discusses several aspects of education in the Occupied Territories, including academic quality, university structure, academic relevance, and observations about politics and politization in the universities. The author also includes comments on Palestinian higher education in general and assesses the performance of Palestinian students in u.s. universities. The author supplements his observations with case studies from each university in the Occupied Territories. Keywords: West Bank; Gaza Strip; education (universities); Israel; human resources; education (policy)

Suleiman, Michael W. (1989) Palestinian Education: A Threat to Israel's Security? AAUG Information Paper, No. 26. Belmont, Mass.: Association of Arab­American University Graduates. Keywords: education; Palestinian; West Bank; Gaza; human resources

Tal, Suhair Salti Al- (1985) Implications of the Women's Movement in Jordan Arab Corporation for Studies and Publications, Beirut, Lebanon (in Arabic), 895 p.

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Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Women; Education; Economics. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

The Arab Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (1973) Health Manpower Project in EMEMA Region, Jordan: Report on an Appraisal Mission Report by Nabil Kronfol and Haifa Nabali of American University of Beirut. Abstract: Health manpower situation in Jordan is presented; a description of general trends in medical, nursing and paramedical professions, main problems and issues in health manpower, quality, quantity and utilization, recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Human Resource Development. Available from: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

The University of Jordan, Amman (1985) Statistical Yearbook 1984/1985 The University of Jordan, Planning and Statistical Department, serial No. 3, 381 p. Abstract: The third annual book covering statistical data related to University of Jordan students, professors, personnel and graduates, also University Hospital and budget. Keywords: Education (universities); Jordan. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

The Status of Education ln the Occupied Territories. (In Arabic], Cairo: League of Arab States.

Abstract: The main part of the study constitutes two chapters prepared by the same author--Bakr Mosbah Taniera. The first chapter deals with discrimination ln education against the Arabs in Israel. The second chapter is a study of teaching practices and curricula in the occupied Arab territories after June 5th, 1967. The study reveals the policy of the Israeli authorities in regard to Arab education as indicated by its practices. It reveals also the serious implications of this policy in the upbringing of the younger generation. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; occupied territories; Israel; West Bank; Gaza

Tibawi, Abdul-Latif L. (1956) Arab Education in Mandatory Palestine: A Study of Three Decades of British Administration. London: Luzac & company, LTD Abstract: The author is a distinguished Palestinian educator, who is presently Professor of Education at the University of London Institution of Education. He has had a long, career in the field of Arab education as an administrator, teacher, educational researcher and writer. Professor Tibawi's works include many articles and books on Middle East history and education. Two reasons make the study under consideration a valuable and exceptional one. First, the familiarity of the author with his topic. Professor Tibawi is a student of the educational system of mandatory Palestine. He was one of the few Palestinians who held high positions in the system. He was inspector of the south district in Palestine. The second reason is that the author has done his study while living in Britain, where he had the opportunity to go through many published and unpublished sources. The study deals with the state educational system ln Palestine which was developed under British administration between 1917 and 1948. It races the history, surveys the organization, and describes the operation of the system. It also discusses its administrative and academic problems, analyzes the political and financial factors that promoted or hindered its progress, and

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offers an evaluation of the system as a whole. Based on the study, the author concluded that education in common with other mandatory services, failed to equalize Arab standards with Jewish standards in professional training, technical skill and effective literacy. According to him, the defeat of the Arabs in Palestine in the context of 1948--as distinct from that of the Arab States--must be ascribed in no small measure to insufficient educational equipment during the mandatory period. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; Israel; Palestinian;

Tibawi, Abdul-Latif L. (1972) Islamic Education: Its Traditions and Modernization into the Arab National Systems. London: Luzac and Company. Abstract: The study falls into three main parts. Part one deals with the history of Islamic education, its theory and practice from the rise of Islam to the down of the nineteenth century. Professor Tibawi in this part collected the information from numerous and often obscure studies as well as from original Arabic sources, analyzing and presenting it in a concise'and readable manner. In part two the author traces the development of the educational system in Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Sudan, Lebanon, Syria, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen and Southern Yemen. In order to collect information for this part, the author sent a circular to the various Arab ministers of education requesting information. Those who responded were few. Part three of the study is an interpretive review of purely educational and general cultural problems of common interest to the educational systems studies in part two. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: Islam; education; Iraq; Jordan; Palestine; Egypt; Sudan; Lebanon; Syria; Libya; Tunisia; Algeria; Morocco; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Yemen; Southern Yemen

Totah, Khalil A. (1932) "Education in Palestine," The Annals of American Academy. of Political and social Science, CLXIV (November), pp. 155-166. Abstract: The article, written by a Palestinian educator, deals with Arab education in Palestine during the British Mandate. Totah points out the failure of the mandate government to provide the minimum basic education for Arabs. The Government's schools were giving a rudimentary education to only about 19 percent of the Arabs. In 1931, after 13 years of British occupation and administration, the Government states that "no complete new school has been erected from general revenues since the occupation." The Arabs of Palestine, as the author indicates, were emphatic in their criticism of the Department of Education. They asserted that it is foreign and therefore hostile to their political aspirations. They argued that the general policy of government education is to bring a generation which is to be docile and subservient to imperialism and Zionism. Palestinian Arabs point out that the Department of Education is overstaffed, overpaid, and much too British. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; occupation (British); Palestinian

UNDP (1992) Human Development Report 1992 UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York. Abstract: Most recent report describes successes and setbacks in human development, with statistical tables, covering Jordan. Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

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UNDP (1992) Human Development Report 1992 UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York. Abstract: Most recent report describes successes and setbacks in human development, with statistical tables, covering Jordan. Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNDP, Amman, Jordan (1990) UNDP Development Cooperation in Jordan 1950-1990: A Review Report prepared by UNDP office, Amman, Jordan. 157 p. Abstract: Review covers all technical and development assistance that was provided to Jordan over the period by UNDP and its predecessor agencies; planning, agriculture, transport, communications, human resource development. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan; Human Resources. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNDP, Amman, Jordan (1990) UNDP Development Cooperation in Jordan: Forty Years of Partnership for Development UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan. 30 p. Abstract: Summary publication of the UNDP review report 1950 to 1990 covering development assistance by economic sector. Keywords: Economic Development; Jordan; Human Resources. Available from: UNDP Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCO, (1968) Building, for the UNRWA/UNESCO Educational and Training Programme. Paris: UNESCO. Abstract: This report has been prepared by the UNESCO Secretariat. It is a case study on the education building program undertaken by UNRWA since 1950 for the benefit of the Palestinian Refugees. Production of building plans and the drawing up of the standards and specifications are dealt with in the report. UNRWA'S construction program has been characterized by economy, simplicity, and the avoidance of frills. UNESCO and UNRWA hope by publishing this report that the experience which has been gained in the UNRWA'S construction program will be of interest and assistance to educational administrators and school architects who are faced with similar problems in other parts of the world. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; Palestinian

UNESCO, (1970) Better Teachers: An Experiment with In-Service Teacher Training Conducted by the UNRWA-UNESCO Institute of Education. Paris: UNESCO, 1970. Abstract: In 1964 UNESCO established the UNRWA-UNESCO Institute of Education in Beirut to provide professional training for the many unqualified Palestine refugee teachers working in the UNRWA schools. The Institute was established to provide in-service teacher training. This book--based on a study by Dr. Ryffel, director of the Institute from 1964 to 1969 -- describes and examines this single project. The Institute expanded its programs to include beside training unqualified teacher, providing courses for key educational personnel, and ad hoc courses for the further training of qualified teachers. The Institute also provides services for other educational systems in the region, mainly to projects for in-service training based on the Institute's multi-media approach. Without doubt, the Institute proved to be a major step in the efforts to remedy the problem of

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unqualified and untrained Palestinian teachers. But a question must be raised in regard to the delay in establishing such an institute. The problem of unqualified and under-qualified teachers faced the UNRWA from the start of its operation in 1950. Yet it did not take any major action to remedy the problem for many years. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; schools; teachers

UNESCO, (1971) "Palestine Refugee Schooling." Integrated Education, IX (July-August), pp. 34-38. Abstract: The article consists of extracts from a UNESCO report entitled "Better Teachers" which describes a joint project of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), and the UNESCO Institute of Education in Beirut. The article highlights two points which are worth mentioning. The first is that refugee parents and their children have always shown great devotion for education. The second is that rote learning, and the slavish adherence to textbooks are still widespread practices in UNRWA'S schools. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNESCO; UNRWA; education; children; schools

UNESCO (1989) Application of 24C/Resolution 25, Concerning Education and Cultural Institutions in the Occupied Arab Territories Report of the Director General to the Executive Board on the action taken to give effect to 24C/Resolution 25, Executive Board, UNESCO, Paris (Report 132 EX/12), 69 p. Abstract: Report of UNESCO mission to Occupied Territories covering the population, pre-university education, institutions and the Intifida, suppression, consequence of school closures, justifications, UNRWA schools, Golan, vocational and adult education, and the right to education, with recommendations. Keywords: West Bank; Education; Palestinians. Available froa: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCO (1990) Study on the Needs of the Palestinian People in the Fields of Education and Training UNESCO, Paris (report CAB-90/WS/6/REV), 91 p. Abstract: Covers demographic and socio-economic profiles of Palestinian people, general, vocational and non-formal education in the Occupied Territories, universities, community colleges and manpower training, recommends series of projects. Keywords: Education; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCO Secretariat, (1961) "Arab Refugees From Palestine: Schools Run Jointly by UNRWA and UNESCO," In World Survey of Education: Secondary Education, Vol. 3, New York International Documents Service, pp. 1478-1482. Abstract: In 1950 the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) signed an agreement with UNESCO to provide educational services for Palestinian Refugees. This report deals with the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program in general and secondary education in particular. It is limited to the academic year 1959-1960. The report identified two main problems in secondary education: the provision of a greater variety of programs and increasing the efficiency and quality of

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teaching. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; secondary schools

UNESCWA ( 1991) "The Return of Jordanian/Palestinian Nationals from Kuwait: Economic and Social Implications for Jordan" Monograph, UNESCWA, Amman, Jordan, 27 p. Abstract: Using data made available by government sources; effects on employment, balance of payments, inflation and investment are identified, and sectoral effects in health, water, education and housing; identifies magnitude of the problem and assistance required; returnees are profiled. Keywords: Returnees; Jordan; Economic Development; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNESCWA Jordan (1991) The Return of the JordanianjPalestinian Nationals from Kuwait: Social and Economic Implications for Jordan A study by the United Nations Economic and Social Comission For West Asia for the Government of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 23 p. Abstract: A study of the conditions of Jordanian returnees and their macro-economic effects on employment, balance of payments, inflation, and investment and their sectoral effects on housing, water, education, and health. Keywords: Jordan; Palestine; Health; Education; Returnees; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA/Jordan and the National Population Commission (1991) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1990 A study prepared by the National Population Commission, vel. 1, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 297 p. Abstract: Highlights all studies on the population of Jordan that took place from 1980-1990 and covers the work force, mortality rates, education, migration, family and marriage, population, health, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Education; Health. Available from: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission "Population, Housing and Public Places" A study prepared by Abdul Hadi Alwain, Abdul Ilah Abu Ayash and Yousef Hyasat for the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 106 p. Abstract: An historical survey of Jordan housing strategies with an analysis of the current situation and projecting the national housing strategies with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Social Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Final Report of The Conference on Population and Basic Needs" The final report of the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 8 p. Abstract: A report synopsis of the proceedings of the conference, some recommendations regarding housing, education, population, water, public health, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) Population and Health Services

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Paper prepared by Adnan Abbas, Ahmad Malkawi, and Abdul Rahim Al Maayta for a Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, Amman, Jordan, September 24-26, 1991 (in Arabic), 74 p. Abstract: A study that covers health services in Jordan and a projection of future needs with statistics. Keywords: Health; Jordan; Social Development; Demography. Available from: National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Population, Water and Food Availability" A study prepared by Hisham Al-Khatib, Ahmad Qatanani, Abdul Rahman Al-Fataftah for the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan, (in Arabic), 91 P· Abstract: A study that covers issues related to the water problem in Jordan and the necessity of water availability for people, industries and irrigation, and the agricultural situation in Jordan with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Economic Development. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Population and Education Study" A study prepared by Munther Al-Masri, Abdul Bari Dara, and Fathi Al Aarori to be presented to the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 14 p. Abstract: A report summary of a study of the situation of education on all levels, providing and expectation of the situation in the future and some recommendations for the future. Keywords: Education; Jordan; Vocational Training; Children; Demography. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) "Population, Working Force, and Immigration" A study prepared by Mohammad Al Akel, Nawaf Kalaldeh· and Adel Lutfi for the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 115 p. Abstract: A study of the history of the labour force in Jordan with a forecast for the year 2005 with statistics. Keywords: Demography; Jordan; Economic Development. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNHCR (1992) Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Public Information Office, Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract: Magazine style publication includes refugee family features, family unification problems, general circumstances. Keywords: Refugees; Family Reunification. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) Mother and Child in Jordan: A Newsletter About Human Development Issues Rami G. Khouri and Cosima Hadidi (eds.), Al-Kutba Publishers for UNICEF, Jordan (quarterly). Abstract: Newsletter covering infant and child health, education, maternal health, nutrition, children's rights, demographics, and health services. Keywords: Children; Health; Women; Jordan.

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Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) "A Working Paper on the Education Sector" A paper presented to The National Conference for Children, May 4-s, 1992, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 30 p. Abstract: Provides situation in Jordan by level of elementary schooling including enrollment, curriculum teacher training, educational research, problems and proposed strategies. Keywords: Children; Education; Jordan. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office (1991) A Baseline Study on Income Generating Projects in Jordan A study prepared by Middle East Marketing and Research Consultants, Amman, Jordan, 23 p. Abstract: A research study of Jordan's projects for income generation all over the Kingdom, their working force, training offered, their contribution to the country's economy with profiles of full-time workers according to sex, age, and education, with statistical tables. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office (1992) Bibliography of Sources Related to the Arab Family Prepared by Lisa M. McCann for UNICEF, Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan, 117 p. Abstract: Bibliography of 817 entries in 14 subject categories, database includes information on the location of the references in Jordan, keywords and annotations. Topics include Arab social structure, women and the family, ethnographies, types of communities, children, health, population issues, law, with 84 works dealing with Jordan Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development; Demography; Health; Education. Available from: UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman, Jordan.

United Nations, (1975) Report of the Commissioner General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, July 1st, 1974-June 30th, 1975. Official Records of the General Assembly Thirtieth Session. Supplement No. 13 (A/10013) New York: United Nations. Abstract: The Commissioner-General of UNRWA submits an annual report to the United Nations General Assembly concerning the services of UNRWA. These reports have been published annually since 1950. The reports provide extensive information on the conditions of the Palestinian Refugees, the services provided by UNRWA and UNRWA'S financial situation. Part of each of these reports deals with the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program. The reports constitute a major source or information for the education of the Palestinians after 1948, and no serious student of Palestinian education can neglect them. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees (Palestinian)

United Nations (1990) Managing the Development Project: A Training Curriculum in Seven Parts

The Foundation for International Training, Toronto, Ontario, Canada for United Nations Development of Technical Co-operation for Development, New York·, USA. n.p. Abstract: A course that provides an overview of project management, particularly, training, identifying needs, project design, implementing, monitoring and controlling, evaluating achievements of development projects. Keywords: Economic Development; Education; Vocational Training. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

UNRWA, ( 1962) UNRWA Reviews, the UNRWA Education and Training Programme 1950-1962. Information Paper No. 3, Beirut: UNRWA. Abstract: This information paper is a brief summary of UNRWA'S educational program for Palestinian Refugees between 1950 and 1962. The program is run in collaboration with UNESCO, which is responsible for the technical supervision or the program. The cooperation is embodied in a formal agreement, first signed in 1950, and has been renewed every two years with only minor changes in the original agreement. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977) Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education

UNRWA (1992) Annual Report of the Director of Health 1991 UNRWA, Vienna. 100 p. Abstract: Report of health activities over the reporting period for all UNRWA activities in the Middle East. Keywords: Health; Palestinians; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA (1992) Community Rehabilitation Programs for Disabled Palestinian Refugees UNRWA/NGO Conference, Amman, Jordan, Report and Recommendations, May 10-23, 1992, 8 p. Abstract: Conference report dealing with the role of UNRWA and the NGO's in disability, fundraising strategies. Keywords: Refugees; Health; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, (1992) UNRWA 1991/92. Annual report, Beirut: UNRWA. Abstract: Edited and illustrated version of the UNRWA Commissioner-General's Annual Report to the United Nations General Assembly. Keywords: education; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

UNRWA, (1992) UNRWA'S 40 Years. Beirut: UNRWA. Abstract: A paper-back embodying extracts from published material, charts on UNRWA finance and its special programmes in Lebanon and Occupied Territory of the West Bank and Gaza, althogether presenting an account of the origin of UNRWA and the development of its services over four decades. Keywords: education; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Transitional Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training: September 1988 - December 1989 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED/WP-4 Suppl.) n.p.

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Abstract: Plan of action for the period to provide improved educational opportunities to Palestinian refugees, curriculum enrichment, etc., with target dates for each task. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Biennial Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training 1990-1991 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED-BW P.5). 193 p. Abstract: Plan of action in the areas of school curriculum, teachers and higher education, vocational and technical education with target dates for implementation. Keywords: Education; UNRWA; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Biennial Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training 1990-1991 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED-BW P.5). 193 p. Abstract: Plan of action in the areas of school curriculum, teachers and higher education, vocational and technical education with target dates for implementation. Keywords: Education; UNRWA; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Education Department, (1958) "Palestine Refugees: Schools Run Jointly by UNRWA and UNESCO," In World Survey of Education: Primary Education, Vol. II, Paris: UNESCO, pp. 1357-1361. Abstract: The UNRWA'S Department of Education prepared this report in December 1956. It is a summary of the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program since UNRWA started its operations in 1950. During the early years of the program, the main.thrust was elementary education. In later years and after allocating separate budget for education UNRWA gave more attention to the first stage of secondary education (grades seven, eight, and nine), to teacher education, and to vocational education. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; primary school; UNESCO; UNRWA

UNRWA, Education Department, (1966) "Arab Refugees From Palestine: Schools Run Jointly by UNRWA and UNESCO," In World Survey of Education: Higher Education, Vol. 4, Paris: UNESCO. pp. 1432-1433 Abstract: The report deals with the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program in general and the area of higher education in particular. UNRWA provides limited opportunities for the higher education of Palestinian youths. These opportunities are provided through vocational, and teacher-training centers and through the limited scholarships for refugee students for study in universities and institutions of higher learning in the Middle East. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; UNRWA; UNESCO; Palestinian youths; vocational training

UNRWA, Education Department, (1971) "Arab Refugees From Palestine: Schools Run Jointly by UNRWA and UNESCO." In World Survey of Education: Educational Policy, Legislation and Administration, Vol. 5, Paris: UNESCO, pp. 1415-1418. Abstract: The report focuses on the organizational and

46

administrative aspects of the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program. The UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education which administers the program is one of several departments forming the headquarters of UNRWA, and is located in Beirut. It is headed by a director, assisted by four division chiefs and an administrative officer. The Department is concerned primarily with formulating policy, planning new projects, and supervising and coordinating the execution of approved programs. Day-to-day operations of education is almost entirely decentralized in the hands of the Field Education Officers. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; UNRWA; UNESCO; legislation

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d.) "Education Statistics 1991/1992, UNRWA - Jordan Field Office" Information sheet. Abstract: Pupils and teachers by gender, statistics and school buildings. Keywords: Education; Children; UNRWA; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d) "Agency School Education Program in Jordan - Briefing Paper, December 1991" UNRWA, Department of Education, Jordan. 3 p. Abstract: Covers critical curricula, school administration, teacher training, school buildings, teaching materials. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Jordan. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1965) Statistical Yearbook, 1964/1965. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters, 1965. Abstract: This is the first annual statistical summary of the UNRWA-UNESCO educational program for the school year 1964-1965. It includes a detailed statistics relating to the education of Palestinian refugees, including enrolment, types of schools, teachers, and scholarships. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; schools, refugees (Palestinian)

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1968) Statistical Summary for the School Year, 1967-1968. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters. Abstract: This is the fourth annual statistical summary of the UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education for the school year 1967-1968. The introduction of the yearbook includes some information related to the UNRWA-UNESCO school system, educational structure, educational progress, and explanatory notes. The first section deals with summary statistics. Each of the other five sections of the yearbook deals with one of the five areas in which UNRWA operates. Those are: Jordan, West Bank, Gaza Strip, Lebanon, and Syria. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; UNRWA; schools; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1969) Statistical Yearbook, 1963-1969. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters. Abstract: The fifth annual statistical yearbook of the UNRWA­UNESCO Department of Education. It includes statistical data related to the UNRWA'S educational services for the academic year 1968-1969. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA: UNESCO; education; schools

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1970) Statistical Yearbook, 1969-1970. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters.

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Abstract: Two things distinguish this UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education statistical yearbook from those of previous years. First, statistics for the various levels of education in the Agency's five fields of operation have been grouped, together, as opposed to the previous practice of presenting them on a field by field basis. Second, tables have been provided showing comparative enrolment figures at the various levels of education since 1950. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNESCO; UNRWA; education

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1971) Statistical Yearbook 1970-1971. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters Abstract: The 1970-1971 edition of the statistical yearbook is the seventh in the series of similar reports issued annually by the UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education. It has been prepared by the Statistical Unit of the Department from data provided by UNRWA'S five Field Offices in Jordan, West Bank, Gaza, Lebanon and Syria. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; Jordan; West Bank; Gaza; Lebanon; Syria

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1972) Statistical Yearbook, 1971-1972. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters Abstract: The data contained in the 1971-1972 statistical yearbook fives a statistical presentation of the Department's educational services for Palestinian refugee students enroled in the UNRWA-UNESCO government, and private schools in the various levels of education. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNESCO; UNRWA; education; schools

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1974) Statistical Yearbook, 1973-1974. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters Abstract: Statistical data in the 1973-1974 Yearbook is arranged according to levels of education: elementary, preparatory, secondary, teacher training, university scholarships, and vocational training. For each level of education, there are tables which give various kinds of data about the education operation for the school year 1373-1974. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; schools; university scholarships

UNRWA-UNESCO Department of Education, (1976) Statistical Yearbook, 1972-1973. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters. Abstract:In addition to statistical information for the year 1972-1973, the Yearbook provides tables which compare 1972-1973 data with those of the years since the beginning, of UNRWA's operation in 1950. (Absrtcat from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; schools; education

USAID and the National Population Commission (1992) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1992 A study prepared by the National Population commission, Vol. 2, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 283 p. Abstract: Highlights studies on population carried out in Jordan from 1980-1992, covering education, health, fertility, working force, environment, childhood. Keywords: Jordan; Children; Education; Demography; Social Development. Available from: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

Viton, Albert (1937) "Thus the Arabs are Taught," Asia, XXXVII, pp. 94-96.

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Abstract: The author is an American journalist who served as Palestine correspondent for American newspapers. The article is a critique of the educational systems in some Arab countries--mainly Palestine under British mandate. Viton argues that the educational system is oriented to produce government clerks who look down on manual work, and who have no interest or ambition in initiating their own businesses. The educational system, according to Viton, is far from meeting the social, cultural, and economic needs of the people. While the author does not exclude the Arabs from the blame for what he describes as miseducation, he puts the main blame on the imperialistic powers who dominated the Arab countries at that time. The colonial administrators tried to establish educational systems similar to those ln their own countries, and which are not compatible with the colonized people's needs. The article is another indictment of the British educational policy in Palestine during the mandate. It is unfortunate that many of the shortcomings in the educational systems which the author pointed out forty years ago, are still persistent in the modern educational systems of the Arab countries. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977) • Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); education; schools

Wahidi, Maysoun Al Atawneh Al-Palestinian Women and the Israeli Occupation Dar Al Jaleel for Publication, Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 351 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Wahidi, Mayssoun Al (1985) Palestinian Women in the Occupied Territories League of Arab States, General secretariat, General Department of Social and Cultural Affairs, Department of Women Affairs, 160 p. Abstract: Effective role in society, spreading national awareness, defense, women's movements, struggle to end occupation, regain national rights and employment; related punishments. Keywords: Palestine; Women; Human Resources. Available froa: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

Washington Report on Middle East Affairs American Educational Trust (AET), Washington, D.C. (monthly). Abstract: Since 1982, provides North American readers with information pertaining to u.s. relations with Middle Eastern states; non-profit publisher with a Foreign Policy Advisory Committee endorsing UN resolution 242. Keywords: Available from: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

West Bank Studies "Towards a Data Base Study of Palestinian Needs: A Synopsis" Monograph, May 1985, Amman, Jordan, 57 p. Abstract: Preliminary findings of continuing research in Jordan on the occupied territories. Keywords: Data Base; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Palestinian Affairs, Amman, Jordan.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA), (1991)

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Environment Health Regional Bibliography (4 volumes, various years). A report by CEHANET; Regional Information Network for Environmental Health published by Centre for Environmental Health Activities, World Health Organization, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Presents published/printed form of bibliographic references; computer database includes annotation and location where available by country, Jordan is well represented. Volume IV includes The West Bank. Keywords: Public Health; Jordan; West Bank. Available from: WHO, CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

Wilson, Florence (1928) Near East Educational Survey. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Abstract: In the spring and early summer of 1927, the author visited Turkey, Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Syria. As a result of the visit, the author wrote a general report about education in these countries giving special attention to American institutions. The report is not a survey in a real sense. The part dealing with education in Palestine covers only seven pages (pp. 65-71) and most of it is dedicated to the Hebrew University and to what was known then as the Jewish National Library. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; Palestine; schools; World Bank

World Bank (1987) Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: Seventh Education Project: Staff Appraisal Report. The World Bank, New York, USA, pp. 247-257 Abstract: · Keywords: Economy; Jordan; Education Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Yousef, Abdul Qader (1989) Palestinian Education: Past, Present and Future Palestine Liberation Organization, Dar Al-Jaleel for Palestinian Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan (in ~abic), 326 p. Abstract: A study of the population and social conditions of Palestinians with a historical survey of education in Palestine from 1920 highlighting the discriminatory implications in educational content recently. . Keywords: Palestine, Israel, Education, Social Development. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Yousuf, Abdulqadir M. (1956) The British Educational Policy in the Arab Public Schools of Palestine During the Mandate. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Abstract: The author is a Palestinian educator who has first hand experience about the topic. He grew up in mandatory Palestine where he completed his secondary and undergraduate education. He also taught in Palestine, Jordan, and Kuwait before enroling at Indiana University where he received his Ph.D. in 1956. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the British political policy and their educational policy in the Arab public schools of Palestine. The author hypothesizes two hypotheses which proved to be tenable. The first is that during the British Mandate over Palestine from 1920 to 1948, the educational policies of the British dministration with respect to

50

the Arab public education were not in line with the Arab needs. The second 18 that the British educational policy had the effect of helping the establishment in Palestine of Jewish national home. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; secondary schools; universities;

Yusuf, Mushsin D. (1979) "The Potential Impact of Palestinian Education on a Palestinian State," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 8, (Summer), pp. 70-93. Keywords: education; Palestinian Arab; Israel; universities

Zayyad, Tawfiq. (1970) On Palestinian Literature and Folklore. [In Arabic) Beirut: Dar al-Awda. Abstract: A literary study of the main features of the poetry of the resistance in occupied Palestine with a critique of some works. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; Palestine

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ANHOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY V - PUBLIC HEALTH -

Acronyms of sources: HDIP - Health Development Information Project. UTLINK - University of Toronto. PP - Preventive Pediatrics. IJMS - Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. AJPH - American Journal of Public Health. RID - Reviews of Infectious Diseases.

'Abdelnour, s. (1991) Study on Nutritional Status of a Selected Sample of Under-Five Palestinian Children, UPMRC, Jerusalem Abstract: The study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status of Palestinian children under the age of five years and at investigating some of the factors which influence the nutritional status of children. Another aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing volunteer human resources for the process of data collection: - Seven-hundred and twenty children were surveyed. The nutritional status of these children was assessed using the McLaren and Read chart. - Children coming from families with more than six members comprised 87.1% of the sample. 7.2% of the surveyed children lived in households which lacked latrines. Of the surveyed children 68.5% were delivered in hospitals, 96.4% were reported to have completed their vaccinations and 25.3% had a diarrheal episode within one week prior to the survey. The lowest incidence of diarrhea was in the refugee camps. Seasonal fluctuations, the level of crowdedness and the presence of latrines in households had significant effects on the prevalence rate of diarrhea. Children with mild to severe malnutrition comprised 35.9% of the sample. The malnutrition rate among females was significantly higher than that among males. Children at the weaning age had a higher prevalence rate of malnutrition than other children in the sample. Diarrheal episodes were more common among malnourished children. Children who were fed solely on breast milk had a lower incidence of diarrhea than those who were fed solely on powdered milk. Twenty-five percent of the assessed children had a hemoglobin level of less than 11 mg% and the hemoglobin level was lowest among children aged 6-2,3 months. Children who were fed solely on breast milk had the lowest incidence of anemia. It is recommended that assessments other than McLaren and Read be used to give a more thorough picture of the nutritional status of Palestinian children. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; health; health care; children; nutrition; diarreah; refugee camps; milk; nutritional status.

Abdel Salam, Mousa (1989) "Itlalah Ala Mukhayyam Deir El-Balah". Al-Usbou' Al-Jadid, No. 21, pp. 32-34. Abstract: A three page report titled "OVerview on Deir Al-Bal-h Camp", in Arabic language about the difficult living conditions in the Camp of Deir Al Salah in the Gaza Strip. Population, health services, dependency on Home Economics. Keywords: Gaza Strip; Public health; Pal. Refugees. Available from: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Abdulhadi, R., Haddad, M., Bitar, N.,Tamimi, s. (1990) The Environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Preliminary Report The Center for Engineering and Planning, Ramallah. Abstract: The authors present a large body of statistical data concerning land, water resources, population, waste water and solid waste disposal. Some of the data, particularly those concerning waste water and solid waste disposal are valuable and unpublished elsewhere. The discussion of health issues, however, is incomplete and inaccurate,

1

reflecting the engineering background of the authors. Obvious errors include the claim that childhood diarrheal diseases are mainly waterborne and that E. histol-nica, G. Lamblia and A. Iumbricoides are the main causes of childhood diarrheal diseases. Although an extensive list of references is given, they are not linked to the data In the text. The reader is thus left unaware of the source of the statistics presented which reflects a major limitation. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Occupied Territories; health; population; water; solid waste; waste water; diseases; childhood diseases; diarreah.

Abed, Y., Edda'ma, M. (1987) Health of School Children 6 -12 Years. Gaza Strip. Rural and Urban Localities, Presented to the WHO Training Workshop on health services research in primary health care in the west Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: A pilot health screening survey was carried out in two rural and two urban schools in the Gaza strip. A total of 450 students were surveyed from the 6- 7 (n=197), 11-12 (n=199) and 17-18 years (n=54) age groups. Forty percent showed some tooth decay and 3.3% had fillings. 6.9\ had 6/9 visual acu-ny and 2% had 6/12 or less visual acuityAI IAA percent had eye glasses. Three hundred and twenty-five stool samples were analyzed by direct smear. (not from the 1718 age group). Parasite prevalence were 30% A. Iumbricoides (68% in rural schools) and 11% G. lamblia. T. tricura was not reported. Three hundred and ninety-five blood samples were analyzed. 36.5% had anemia. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; health; mother and child health; school children; health services.

Abed, Y., Zada, I.D. (1987) Investigation of Home Infant Deaths in Gaza Strip, Presented to the WHO Training workshop on health services research in primary health care in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: Between January and April of 1987, 138 questionnaires were completed in the death registration office for deaths of infants less than one year of age. Thirteen were discarded and the remaining 125 were analyzed. Of those, 22% were below one month of age and 61% were females. Fifty-one percent died of Pneumonia, 17% of gastroenteritis and 12% of congenital anomalies. When asked why the child was not referred to hospUal, 42% of the mothers gave "a large family" that is, too busy as the reason. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; health; mother and child health; infant deaths; disease.

Abed, Y .A. (1979) An Epidemiological Study of the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and their Effect on Hb and Growth and Development in Children of Jabalia Village, MSc Dissertation, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem. Abstract: A field survey of preschool children was conducted in Jabalia village including 411 children. Prevalence rates were 62.3% Ascaris lumbriciodes, 17% Giardia lamblia and 3.7% Ancylostoma. Associations were found between prevalence rates and a number of environmental variables. A strong correlation between parasitism and anaemia is noted. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jabalia; health; health care; children; parasites; parasitism; epidemiology; infectious disease.

Abu El-Haj, s., Sansur, R., Kuttab, s. (1988)

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Evaluation of the Extent of Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides in the West Bank, Proceedings of the first Palestinian ecology conference, Bethlehem University. Abstract: Two studies of pesticides in vegetables and the effect of pesticides on enzyme activity are presented. It is concluded that pesticide levels on vegetables were not excessive. However, indications of enzyme activity suggested a possible health hazard from spraying. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; ecology; pesticides; vegetables; health.

Abu Hassa, N., Suleiman, s., Al-Khatib, S, Lnelfeh, M., Masri, N. (1988) Hemoglobinopathies in the Northern Part of the West Bank, Presented to the 28th Damascus Science Week, Syria, 1988. Abstract: Blood samples from 50 anemic patients from the Northern West Bank were analyzed by electrophoresis. Ten percent were homozygous with respect to Hbs. Six percent had the sickle cell trait. Twenty-six percent were thalassemic (18\ minor and 8\ major). [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; blood samples; anemia; anemic; thalassemic.

Abu-Juma, Usamah (1990) "Ighlaq Marakez Al-Taghthiyah," Al-Usbou' Al -Jadid, [Closure of the Feeding Centers) No. 44, pp. 54-55 (Arabic). Abstract: The journalist investigates the closure of feeding centers in Gazan refugee camps, these measures had added 150 families below poverty level. Keywords: UNRWA Services; child Welfare; Gaza Refugees. Available froa: Arab Thought Forum, Jerusalem.

Abu-Maeleh, Y. Islamic University/Gaza, (1990) An Introduction to Water Problem in the Gaza Strip. Abstract: The author notes that Gaza Strip faces a serious problem of drinking water availability if current pumping rates continue or increase with the growth of population and economy. Reductions in stored water, together with low water quality due to lowering of the groundwater table, continuous seepage of waste water and heavy use of fertilizers, are having disastrous effects on the environment. Part one of the paper deals with groundwater and agriculture and part two with the chemical quality of groundwater. Finally recommendations are made for the improvement of water quality. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; water and sanitation; drinking water; environment; agriculture.

Abu Munshar, J., Hammuri, M. (1987) The Role of the Daya in Home Delivery and its OUtcome In the Hebron Area. Abstract: A retrospective study was made of notified home births in the Hebron district between March 1 and March 20 of 1987. A total of 292 registered home deliveries were followed up through a home visit during which a questionnaire was administered to the mother. A separate questionnaire was given to the midwife if one had been present at the delivery. The findings of the study include the following: Eighty-five percent of home births occurred in villages or refugee camps. Only one of the 292 surveyed mothers reported having a job. Sixty-one percent of mothers did not have any kind of ante-natal care during pregnancy. Twenty-one percent of mothers utilized government MCH clinics and 11\ went to private practitioners. Midwives attended 74\ of the births, physicians attended 5\ and family members attended 19\ of the births. Infant

3

mortality was estimated at 70/1000 live births and the miscarriage rate was estimated at 99 per 1000 pregnancies. Fifty-eight percent of mothers said that they delivered at home, the hospital was too expensive or that they had no health insurance. At two months of age, 5% of children were drinking bottle milk only and 9% were fed on both bottle and breast milk. A total of 67 dayas were interviewed, of whom 55 (89%) were aged more than 49 years. Seventy percent of the dayas delivered five or less children per month. All dayas reported making follow-up visits to mothers aner delivery. One curious finding was that registered birth weights were normally invented by the village Mukhtars as the dayas did not carry scales with them. The article recommends that ante-natal care promotion be enhanced and PHC services and daya training be expanded. It argues that pregnant women should have the right to free clinic and hospital MCH services. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Hebron area; health; mother and child health; infant deaths; disease; home births; pregnancy; clinics; midwives; infant mortality; breast milk; Mukhtars; dayas.

Abu Safiyya, Y. (1990) The Effect of the Water Crisis on Health in the Gaza Strip (Arabic) Abstract: A review of the water consumption rates in the Gaza strip is presented. The average daily per capita water consumption was 50-100 liters. Thirty-four percent of the water samples in Gaza contained more than 400 PPM of Chlorine, 10% contained 900 PPM Sulphate, 16% contained more than 1.7 PPM Fluoride and 44% of the water samples in contained high levels of fecal coli forms. The author concludes that the Gaza Strip will soon face a sharp decrease in underground water together with problems of water pollution, particularly organic pollution. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; water and sanitation; underground water; water pollution; drinking water; environment.

Al Haq, (1988) Punishing a Nation, Al-Haq, Ramallah. Abstract: One chapter discusses the constraints experienced in medical treatment during the uprising, health care, the denial of services during curfews, attacks on medical personnel on the field, military raids on hospitals, medical treatment in prisons and detention centres and the adoptions of measures which decrease the quality of the available health care. The conclusion is that Palestinians are being denied the rights which soldiers are given during war time. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; medical treatment; prisons; hospitals; uprising.

Al-lmli, J. T. (1984) A Survey of the Handicapped in the West Bank. (arabic) Abstract: Bethlehem Arab Society for the Physically Handicapped, the Ahali society for Mental Health, the Patients Friends Society, and the Palestinian Counseling Center. The results of a community survey of the handicapped in the Bethlehem, Bayt Sahour, Bayt Jala and Dhaysha area are reported and discussed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Bethlehem; Bayt Sahour; Bayt Jala; Dhaysha; physical therapy; rehabilitation; disability; physically handicapped.

Al-lmli, J.T. (undated) Organizations Specialized in Disability in the West Bank and Gaza. Abstract: The report lists 57 organizations involved in various kinds of disability care, giving the address, telephone number,

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services provided and the target group for each organization. Sections include mental retardation, deafness and blindness, physical disability and care for the elderly. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; West Bank; physical therapy; rehabilitation; disability; mental retardation; deafness; blindness; elderly.

Al-Shtayeh, M.S., Hamdan, A.H., Feudy, Y.R. (1988) Distribution of A B 0 Blood Groups and the Rh Factor in Palestinians Living in the Northern Part of the West Bank, Najah Research Journal

·2, 135-41. Abstract: A survey of 1,308 Palestinians living in the Northern part ot the West Bank was conducted using anti-A, anti-B and anti-D sera. The results were 46\ o, 36.7\ A, 13\ B, 3.7\ AB and 90.4\ Rh positive. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; blood samples; blood groups.

Al-Haq, (1988) A Nation Under Siege, Al-Haq, Ramallah Abstract: The second chapter discusses human rights violations in relation to medical treatment during the uprising. Evidence of such occurrences are supplied by sworn affidavits which testify systematic human rights violations by the Israeli army such as denial of medical treatment to injured people, mistreatment of the injured, the impediment of transportation of the wounded in ambulances and other vehicles, violations of the right to medical neutrality, mistreatment of prisoners in Israeli hospitals and various other constraints imposed to Palestinians on health care. The conclusion is that there is no reason for the continuation of human rights violations in the Occupied Territories. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; human rights violations; wounded; health care; hospitals; medical neutrality; mistreatment; prisoners; occupied territories.

al-Khatib, Amin (1980) · "Social Work and Charitable Societies" in Emile A. Nakhleh (ed.), A

Palestinian Agenda for the West Bank and Gaza, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C. Abstract: The book consists of a collection of essays written by various Palestinian authors discussing various issues in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Chapter 9, "Social Work and Charitable Societies", written by Amin al-Khatib, discusses health services, educational services and social services. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza; Palestinian; Arabs; health; health services; hospitals; clinics; social services.

Al-Labadi, Abdul-Aziz (1986) (Arabic] The Social and Health Situation of the Palestinian People in the years 1922-82. Aman: Dar Al Karmel. Abstract: The aim of the book is to find a basis for planning and developing a national health institution by way of understanding the development and needs of the Palestinian people throughout their struggle towards a Palestinian state. The author examines the significance of general health, the relation of religion and health, provides an historical overview on social and political developments and developments in the health sector during the British Mandate and under the Israeli administration, and records the work, tasks and statistics of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society. In addition, he writes on the PLO policy to maintain a unity among the Palestinian people as expressed in the role of funding, committees and army; the

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Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982; and the health situation in the occupied territories. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); health situation [history); medical care; social conditions

Al-Lahham, A. B., Abu-Saud, M. and Shehabbi, A. A. (1990) "Prevalence of Salmonella, Shigella and intestinal parasites in food handlers in Irbid, Jordan." Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, 8(4):160-2, Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: During one-year, 283 food handlers in Irbid, Jordan were investigated for the presence of potential enteropathogens in their stools. The study revealed that the prevalence rate of enteropathogens among non-Jordanian food handlers was significantly higher than that of the Jordanian group. The results also showed that the isolation rates of Salmonella and Shigella were considerably lower. Several types of parasites were also detected in the stools of the food handlers. Ultimately, the study's conclusion emphasized the importance of food handlers, particularly the non-Jordanians, in Jordan, as potential sources of food-borne infection. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; health; epidemiology; intestinal diseases; enteropathogens; parasites; salmonella; shigella; food; disease; infection.

Alami, M. (1990) Difficulties Confronting the Implementation of a Primary Health Care Strategy in the West Bank, MA dissertation in health services management, University of Manchester. Abstract: The thesis of the paper is that the development of services are possible even under the adverse conditions which currently prevail in the West Bank. It argues that community participation is the key to successful organization and implementation of PHC services as illustrated by several case studies in developing countries. It is argued that through community participation in decision making and better cooperation between the different health providers, a health care services will be provided to all by the year 2000 in the West Bank. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; health services; community participation.

Ali-Shtayeh, M.s., Hamdan, A-H.Y., Shaheen, S.F., Abu-Zeid, I. and Faidy, Y.R. (1989)

Prevalence and Seasonal Fluctuations of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in the Nablus Area, West Bank of Jordan, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, v.83, 1:67-72. Abstract: A total of 22,970 stool specimen~'~ collected from patients attending the Central Medical Laboratory in the city ol Nablus between 1981 and 1986 were examined. Thirty-two percent were positive for one or more intestinal parasite including 22.9% Entamoeba histolytica, 7.3% Giardia lamblia and 5.7% Ascaris lumbricoides. Based on an apparent seasonal pattern in the number of positive cases, it is suggested that parasitic incidence is higher in Summer than in Winter. The possibility of seasonal patterns in reporting to the lab is not discussed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Nablus; Jordan; health; health care; parasites; parasitism; epidemiology; infectious disease.

Alofs, B. (1988) More Than Tear Gas: Harassing Agents and Their Use in the Occupied Territories, Dutch Palestine Committee Human Rights Project,

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Amsterdam. Abstract: A criticism on the misuse of chemical weapons by the Israeli army during the uprising. The argument is illustrated by a large number of case studies illustrating the misuse of chemical weapons which have caused deaths and injuries. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; chemical weapons; uprising; Israeli army.

Alwan, Suad Nabhan (n.d.) A Review of Commission Based Rehabilitation Experience: Jordan, Baqaa Palestine Refugees Camp Disability Program Office, UNRWA Jordan Field Office of Jordan, (draft), n.d., 5 p. Abstract: A house-to-house survey of the Baqaa Palestine Camp to detect disabled children and community rehabilitation. Keywords: Health; UNRWA; Jordan. Available froa: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

American Public Health Association (1985) West Bank Health Care Assessment: Opportunities for Improvement Report prepared by the International Health Programs, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C. for Health Care Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (3 volumes). Abstract: Reports on a study of West Bank health services, organizations, institutions, including effectiveness and adequacy of primary health care services and hospitals; recommendations. Keywords: Public Health; West Bank. Available froa: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

Ammari, Nabil (1987) Your First Baby Author, Amman. 110 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A scientific study to be used as a reference book for public health issues in general and for mothers in particular. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Health. Available froa: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, amman, Jordan.

Anderson, J.E., Becker, s., Guinena, A.H. and McCarthy, B.J. (1986) Breast feeding effects on birth interval components: a prospective child health study in Gaza. Studies in Family Planning 17,3:153-160, Abstract: Data for the study was taken from a prospective study of 769 women in two Gaza refugee camps who gave birth in November or December 1979. The women were followed up for 23 months. There was a strong association between breast-feeding and (a) the length of post partum menorrhea and (b) waiting time to conception. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Keywords: health; refugee camps; family planning; West Bank; Gaza Strip

Barghouthi, N. and Daibes, I. (1991) The West Bank Rural P.H.C. Survey, interim Report 3: the Ramallah Area. The Health Development Information Project. Abstract: A survey of rural primary health care services in the Ramallah district conducted between October and May 1991. The survey constitutes the third part of an ongoing survey of rural P.H.C. services in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. A total of 92 communities with a population of 188695 were identified and surveyed. The main findings include the following: 25\ of the population were registered refugees. 41\ of the registered refugees lived in three refugee camps, namely, Qalandia, Al-hmari and Al-Jalazon. Another 1603 registered refugees lived in Dayr Ammar refugee camp bringing the total number of refugees living in refugee

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camps to 20660. The rest of the registered refugees were scattered in 72 rural communities in the district. Keywords: Primary Health Care; West Bank; Gaza Strip; refugees (Palestinian)

Anonymus (1980) Human Resources for Primary Health Care in the Middle East -- Papers Presented at the Conference on Human Resources for Technology Transfer in Primary Health Care. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 230 p. Abstract: This collection of papers covers such topics as setting up health care systems in developing countries with attention to special needs and the integration of primary health care into the general health care system. other papers discuss the role of education in the health sciences and specific experiences or experiments in health care in various Middle Eastern countries. Keywords: Middle East; health care; primary health care; models

Aqel, Abdullatif Yahya Jaber (1990) "The Conditions of the Palestinian Child in the Occupied Territories from the Times of Misery to Intifida" Economic Samid, Vol. 12, No. 80 (in Arabic), pp. 133-165. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Arda, H.M. (1983) A Report on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the West Bank of Jordan, Jordanian Medical Journal 17,1: 57-63 Abstract: Clinical aspects of 237 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis which were treated in the West Bank between 1972 and 1980 are described. Most patients were from the Jordan Valley, Salfit and Jenin. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank of Jordan; health; health care; infectious disease.

Association of Israeli and Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights, (1989) · Report on the Conditions of Health Services in the Gaza Strip

Association of Israeli and Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights, Tel Aviv, Israel (in Arabic), 27 p. Abstract: A report covering health services structure; hospitals, physicians, equipment, and health insurance, costs, water supply and Intifida injuries. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Intifida; Health. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Atiyah, I., J. Talab and s. Jibril (1985) Manatiq 'Arabbiyah Muhtallah: Haqa'iq wa-Arqam (Occupied Arab Territories: Facts and figures) Jerusalem: Arab Studies Society, 361 pp. Abstract: This book is a compilation of tables, charts, maps and graphs on various aspects of historical Palestine - present day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The statistics are divided into eleven chapters: area and population concentration; population; buildings; education; health; agriculture and water; industry; commerce; tourism; labour; and civil administration. Although some information from as early as 1948 is included, most statistics are post-1980. Appendices include censuses of 1967 and 1981, as well as lists of all Jewish settlements. Keywords: demography; health; education; economy; human resources; housing; settlement-resettlement; Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip;

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self-government.

Awidi, A. S. (1991) "Infections in adults with cancer in a developing country: a three year prospective study." European Journal of Cancer, 27(4):423-6. Abstract: 319 episodes of infections in 174 cancer patients over a period of 3 years are reported in a developing country. The findings are consistent with those reported in other developing countries. Most common isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus, escherichia coli, streptococcus, enterobacter, pseudomonas, diphtheroids and salmonella. Most common sites of infection were respiratory tract, kidney and urinary tract and skin. There were a total of 64 deaths: 36 were directly related to infections. 11 of these patients died of hospital acquired infections; most commonly isolated organisms in these infections were staphylococcus, E. coli, pseudomonas and streptococcus. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; Health; infections; infectious diseases; cancer; epidemiology; bacteria; etiology; bacterial infections

Awwad, E. July (1988) Psychological Health Services and Organizations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Arabic). Abstract: The author reviews the existing organizatiqns providing mental health services in the West Bank and discusses issues relating to the development of the mental health sector. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; psycho-social health; mental health services.

Ayed, N. (1990). Survey on Immunization Coverage among Children Under the Age of Five West Bank. Abstract: A survey of 1, 152 children under the age of 59 months was conducted in 150 randomly selected communities in the West Bank (1990). Results showed the following coverage rates: P1-94, P2-90, P3- 80%. The report noted frequent late vaccination. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank of Jordan; children; health; health care; infectious disease; vaccinations.

Baker, Ahmad M. (1990) "The Psychological Impact of the Intifada on the Palestinian Children in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza: An Exploratory Study." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60 (4) (October):496-505. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Intifada; demography; health; West Bank; Gaza Strip.

Ballantyne, s. (1988) Physiotherapy Fact-finding Visit, West Bank and Gaza Strip. (under the auspices of the Middle East Council of Churches, Department of Service to Palestinian Refugees). Abstract: A review of existing services and needs for development is presented, including short term and long term needs. The need for properly organized training is noted as a priority, both for existing and new practitioners. The need for community education, building a health infrastructure, increasing coordination and expanding community outreach are also discussed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; physical therapy; rehabilitation; disability; physically handicapped; physiotherapy; community education; health infrastructure.

Barak, F., c. Zippin, E.J. Awad, A.R. Houser andY. Horn (1988) "Breast cancer at medical centers in Israel, the West Bank, and the

9

United States." Israel Journal of Dental Sciences, 45(5):354-9. Abstract: A comparison is made of the characteristics of female breast cancer patients, their diseases, and treatment practices in medical centers in Israel and the West Bank of the Jordan River. Differences are found in the age distributions of patients, marital status, parity, stage of disease at diagnosis, delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis as well as between diagnosis and treatment. Some of these observations reflect differences in population characteristics, sociocultural practices and local attitudes toward disease, its diagnosis and management. [UTLINC] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; breast cancer; factors; ethnology

Barghouthi, M. (1989) The Role of NGOs and Foreign Assistance in Meeting the Economic and Social Requirements ot the Palestinian People, Presented to the sixth UN international NGO meeting on the question of Palestine, Vienna, Austria. Abstract: The paper proposes guidelines for foreign NGOs wishing to provide support for Palestinian development work including proper analysis of local conditions, support for independent Palestinian infrastructure, avoidance of duplication and competition, stress on continuity and quality of work, support for grassroots organizations and maintenance of a flexible approach. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; infrastructure; grassroots organizations.

Barghouthi, M. & Giacaman, R. (1989) The Emergence of an Infrastructure of Resistance: The Case of Health, Intifada, Palestine at the Crossroads, Birzeit University and Praeger Publishers. Abstract: This chapter traces the trends within the Palestinian medical community under occupation and reviews the different ways in which institutions have struggled for improved health care. The emergence of a popular movement ;n health is described as a successful force for progressive health development, and the impact of the uprising on health is discussed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank;· Gaza Strip; health; health care; medical community.

Barghouthi, M., Daibes, I. (1991) The West Bank Rural PHC Survey Interim Report 2: The Tulkarm Area, The Health Development Information Project. Abstract: The report consists of the second part of the West Bank Rural PHC Survey describing the Tulkarm District (see Barghouti, M., Daibes, I. (1990). An identical data collection method and format were used as in the Jenin report. Additions were made in sections such as education, supervision policies and coordination between communities and PHC organizations. Total population of Tulkarm district was found to be about 188,000 persons living in 90 communities. Registered refugees consist of 13\ of the population. As in Jenin district, public services were less than adequate with 36\ of the community having access to piped water supply and 64\ having access to 24-hour electricity supply. A total of eighty clinics were located and surveyed in the district. However, 52\ of the communities lacked any type of PHC services. A detailed description of the services provided by the clinics is presented. Fifteen percent of the clinics did not have latrines and 29% were lacking soap and towels. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Tulkarm district; Jenin;

Barghouthi Mustafa and Giacaman, "The Emergence of an Infrastructure of Resistance: The Case of

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Health", in Jamal R. Nassar and Roger Heacock, Intifada: Palestine at the Crossroads, Praeger, New York, pp.73-85. Abstract: In spite of the repressive Israeli policies in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, creative initiatives in the field of health developed as a form of resistance to the Israeli military occupation since 1967. The chapter outlines the conditions that emerged after Israeli occupation and military rule and the forms of resistance to the latter particularly related to the provision of health services to the Palestinian population in the Occupied Territories. The authors also elaborate on the ways in which health services and the national struggle are conceived and the consequences of such conceptions on policy formulation and action. The role of the newly established Palestinian health care system is also evaluated in terms of sustaining the uprising and the health and the medical needs of the population of the future Palestinian state. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; intifada; health infrastructure; resistance; uprising.

Barghuti Mustafa and Chris Smith (1990) "Health in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip". Health Development Information Project, Ramallah. Abstract: Occupied Territories-Bibliography-Health. Keywords: Occupied Territories; Public Health Available from: Center for Engineering and Planning (CEP), Ramallah West Bank.

Bashir, N., Barkawi M. and Sharif L. (1991) "Prevalence of haemoglobinopathies in school children in Jordan Valley." Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 11(4):373-6, Department of Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Abstract: Blood samples were drawn from 456 healthy children, 6-10 years old, to explore the prevalences of haemoglobinopathies in Northern Jordan Valley. The children were selected by the multi­stage random sampling technique. Complete blood count, haemoglobin electrophoresis and haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) estimations were carried out on all samples. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Northern Jordan Valley; Jordanians; health; haemoglobinopathies; haemoglobin; sickle cell trait; thalassemia; epidemiology; children

Sasson, P. M. (1979) "Genetic Disease and Culture Patterns in Lebanon." Journal of Biosocial Science, 11(2) (April):201-207. Abstract: cases of beta thalassaemia & haemophilia (factor 8 & 9 deficiency) in prewar Lebanon are examined for social and genetic information, using medical records for 129 persons admitted to the American University Hospital in Beirut between 1960 and 1970. Muslims & families of lower socio-economic status predominated in the data, and many cases were located in the semi rural poverty belt of Beirut where many rural migrants ans Palestinian refugees congregate. PArental consanguinity rates among male haemophiliacs were used as estimates for the general population. In the Christian population consanguinity is higher in the thalassemic population. In the Christian population consanguinity appears to increase the incidence of this autosomal recessive disorder more than among Muslims. 3 Tables, 1 Figure. Modified HA. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Lebanon; demography; health; gender; Beirut.

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Bellisari, A. (1991) Health and Medical Care in the Occupied Territories, The Centre for Policy Analysis on Palestine. Abstract: The critical health situation of the Palestinians in Occupied Israel. Traumatic injuries inflicted by the Israeli security forces and settlers as well as chronic illnesses caused by inaccess to to basic necessities such as water, food and shelter are also presented. Israeli policies on health care facilities has also affected the Palestinian public health sector in general. These include restrictions on Palestinian fishing, agriculture. In addition, curfews preventing Palestinian freedom of movement have limited their access to food, to work, and to conduct businesses. Ultimately, poverty and malnutrition predominate. Israeli policies and the parallel unlimited Israeli access to West Bank and Gaza water supplies make the availability of safe water supplies for Palestinians difficult since the latter are prohibited to dig wells there. Israeli occupation authorities are also responsible for neglecting the provision of sanitary facilities, especially in the Gaza Strip and this, in turn has led to the pollution of Palestinian water supplies which are already facing salination from the sea. Such policies have led to widespread infectious diseases among Palestinians, as well as higher incidence of kidney disease. The right of the Palestinians to shelter is compromised by Israeli restrictions on Palestinian housing Construction and by Israeli demolition and sealing of homes. Palestinians unable to build, end up living in overcrowded, unsanitary conditions which promote the spread of disease. Health care facilities and services are also less than adequate, due again to deliberate Israeli policies. Through curfews, travel restrictions, fees and othermeans, Palestinians's access to medical care is restricted and is often denied outright. Medical personnel, including physicians, nurses and ambulance drivers, have been subjected to direct assaults by Israeli soldiers. Palestinian self-help measures have made up to some extent for deficiencies in the government system, but they are not recognized by the Israelis (indeed, they are viewed as illegal political activity) and are inadequate. Also, in a health environment in which the principal problems are traumatic injuries and chronic disease, there is notable lack of rehabilitative and chronic care. Health care providers, including UNRWA, Palestinian self-help measures, and foreign volunteers, are stretched to their limits by the crisis. Except for the Israeli system, all providers are subject to restrictions and harassment by the Israeli security forces, making their task much more difficult. That the state of health care in the Occupied Territories is a grave and urgent humanitarian issue is self-evident. However, given the realities of occupation, it is difficult to see how measures can be taken to alleviate these problems absent a political settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and an end to the occupation itself. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Occupied Territories; Palestinians; Israeli policies; illnesses; West Bank; Gaza Strip; food; water; shelter; homes; disease.

Benbenishty, R. (1991) "Combat stress reaction and changes in military medical profile. Military Medicine, 156(2):68-70. Abstract: This study examines changes in the military medical profile following participation in war. Two groups of Israeli soldiers who participated in the 1982 Lebanon War were studied: 360 soldiers who were treated for immediate combat stress disorder during the war, and a matched control group of 310 soldiers who

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participated in the same war and were not identified as combat stress reaction casualties. Significant lowering of the profile after the war was noted for both groups. These changes were much stronger for combat stress reaction casualties. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; combat stress reaction; medical profile

Benvenisti, M. (1984) US government funded projects in the West Bank and Gaza (1977-1983), The West Bank Data Base Project. Abstract: The approval or non-approval of USAID funded projects in the West Bank and Gaza is reviewed using original agency data between 1977 and 1983. OUt of a total submitted budget of us 66 million dollars, 6 million dollars were allocated to health in 14 projects 5 million dollars from the 6 million were "local contributions" meaning contributions from Jordan 10 of the projects were approved and 4 were disapproved. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; health budget.

Benvenisti, M. (1987) 1987 Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Development in West Bank, Tel Aviv: The Shiloh Centre for Middle Eastern and African Studies. Abstract: This report, the fourth survey issued by the Jerusalem based West Bank Data Project (WBDP) deals with the West Bank developments mentioned in the title during 1986 and early 1987. The book also includes information on Israel and Gaza. THe maps and tables are particularly useful which detail such information as Israeli and Jordanian investment in the West Bank, projections of Palestinian population in the year 2002, jewish settlements, construction, GDP of the Territories, apartments under construction, GDP of the territories and employment. Keywords: Israel; refugees (Palestinian); economy; demography; housing; health; education; law; settlement-resettlement; human rights.

Benvenisti, M. and Khayat, s. (1988) The West Bank and Gaza Atlas, West Bank Data Base Project, Jerusalem. Abstract: The atlas includes a map of the official distribution of government health services (hospitals, mother and child clinics and general clinics) in "Judea and Samaria" and the Gaza Strip. There is also an appendix listing the distribution of government clinics by village/town. An accompanying note includes the following observations: (For Judea and Samaria] the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents in 1983 was 1.8 as against 2.15 in 1970 and 2.01 in 1975. The decline reflects the freeze in new beds (an actual drop of 30 beds between 1974 and 1983), as against growth in the population. The number of beds per 1000 residents in Israel was 6.4 in 1983 ••• The number of person days of hospitalization per 1000 West Bank residents remained stable (542 in 1970, 593 in 1975, 544 in 1981), as against 1,913 in Israel (1983) ••• The infant mortality rate, estimated at 15 per cent in 1967, was estimated by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) to have dropped to 7 per cent in 1983. The mortality rate per 1000 live births was estimated by the Ministry of Health to be 25.6 (1982). This figure is not accepted by CBS." (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Judea; Samaria; health; hospitals; clinics; mortality rate; statistics; demographics.

Bethlehem University (1979)

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Mother and Child Care in the Bethlehem Region, Bethlehem University. Abstract: A field survey of existing health services in the Bethlehem region is described including Bethlehem, Bayt Sahur, Bayt Jala and 32 surrounding villages. Nine of the villages had clinics, two had health education classes and three had qualified midwives. The report makes several proposals for health development including expansion of health education, training of a social worker in Hygiene and nutrition, establishing new clinics and expanding MCH services. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Bethlehem region; Bayt Sahur; Bayt Jala; villages; clinics; health; mother and child health; midwives; health education; health development; hygiene; nutrition.

Birzeit University Community Health Unit (1987) A Review of Health Standards and Services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, BZUCHU. Abstract: Information concerning health status indicators and selected determinants of health status are reviewed A discussion of various health sectors is followed with the conclusion that primary health care is a priority. An appendix includes a critique of the Israeli position towards the health sector. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care.

Carmel, s. (1990-91) "The Health Belief Model in the research of AIDS-related preventive behavior." Public Health Reviews, 18(1):73-85. Abstract: Studies of AIDS-related behavior change which used a systematic psychosocial conceptual model -- The Health Belief Model (HBM) -- are reviewed. Based on this, it is suggested for further studies: (1) to differentiate among different patterns of. potential behavioral change, (2) to widen the conceptual model, (3) to use a similar model systematically in studies of ·different populations. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; AIDS; prevention and control; health behavior

Carr, D. (1988) Village Mothers on the West Bank Learn About Health, World Health Forum, v.g: 245-249. Abstract: The health education program of catholic Relief Services is described by the project manager. The program linked provision of food aid to attending health education classes which covered nutrition, first aid, child development and hygiene. In 1985 the program was revised and expanded and by January of 1986, 129 villages were reportedly involved. The author claims that an evaluation showed that the health education program had a favorable impact on certain aspects of behavior of mothers, and that there was a trend towards better health in participating villages. No supporting evidence for the former claim is given, while the latter is based on cross-sectional inter-village comparisons. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; mother and child health; health education; health development; hygiene; nutrition; villages; child development; food aid.

Center for Engineering and Planning (1990) Waste water Disposal from A1 Bureij and A1 Nsseirat Refugee camps. Presented to UNRWA/Gaza Field Office. Abstract: The report presents the existing conditions and

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practices related to the disposal of waste water and the hazardous situation created by these conditions. At the present time raw waste water is collected and disposed through open channels into the Wadi without any treatment representing a source of environmental pollution and contamination of the water aquifer and a threat to public health in general. The report suggests some short and long-term solutions to remedy this situation and minimize the environmental and health hazards it creates. Keywords: Palestinian refugee camps, Physical infrastructure

Civil Administration Judea and Samaria (1983) Statistical Report: Health Services Abstract: The report provides a description of government health services in the West Bank from an official Israeli point of view. The numbers of government general and MCH clinics are presented. Demographic data about the West Bank population are also presented with some epidemiological data. The rates of utilization of government health services are stated. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; clinics; hospitals; demographics; epidemiology; Judea; Samaria.

Civil Administration, Judea and Samaria (1985) Statistical Report, Health Services, Judea and Samaria Abstract: Similar to previous ones, this report presents a description of the activities of the Israeli government health services in the West Bank together with some demographic data and vital statistics which reflect the official Israeli perception of health and health services in the occupied territories. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; health; health services; vital statistics.

Civil Administration, Judea .and Samaria (1986) Statistical Report, Health Services, Judea and Samaria Abstract: Very similar to the 1985 report. No significant changes are noted. [HDIP] · Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; health; health services; vital statistics.

Civil Administration Judea and Samaria (1987) Statistical Report Health and Health Services Judea and Samaria Abstract: A statistical summary of primary health care and hospital services in the West Bank is presented. Statistics include government health expenditure, some demographic data and some indices of health including hospital bed/population ratio, birth and infant mortality rates are presented. Again this report presents the official Israeli viewpoint of the health situation in the occupied territories. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Judea; Samaria; health; statistics; health expenditure; infant mortality; hospitals.

Civil Administration, Judea and Samaria (1988) Statistical Report, Health Services, Judea and Samaria Abstract: Similar to previous reports. Some improvements in government health service provision are highlighted. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; health; health services; vital statistics.

Civil Administration, Judea and Samaria (1989) Statistical Report Health Services in Judea and Samaria Abstract: Similar to previous reports by the Israeli military authorities' civil administration in the Occupied Territories. [HDIP]

15

Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; health; health services; vital statistics.

Community Health Unit/Birzeit University. The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, (1986)

The heal'th Risks Posed by 'the Use of Was'te Wa'ter for Sprinkler Irriga-tion in helds Adjoining Wes'tern Qalqilya. Abstract: The report describes an investigation of the health risks posed by the use of waste water for sprinkler irrigation in an area close to Qalqilya. A field survey of disease incidence was carried out before, during and after the irrigation season in 1986. Two areas were surveyed: one is 200 to 600 meters from the irrigation site and the other is approximately two kilometers from the site. A comparison of disease patterns in the two areas did not provide sufficiently strong evidence for a conclusion to be made that a health effect had been detected. In addition, during the irrigation season, the irrigation method in the strip of fields closest to Qalqilya was changed from sprinkle to drip. This reduced the chance that any health effect would be detected by the study. It is concluded that more research is required before rational public health guidelines could be devised. In the meantime, the authors conclude that Israeli guidelines requiring a minimum distance of 400 meters between the sprinkler site and the residential area should be followed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; Qalqilya; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; drinking water; environment; disease; sprinkler irrigation; agriculture.

Condie, A. and Kaspari, s. (1986) An Inves'tiga'tion of In'tes'tinal Parasitic Infection and Hemoglobin Levels of Children in a Birzeit School, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: A study of intestinal parasitism and anaemia in pupils at a school in Birzeit village was conducted. A total of 193 stool samples were collected from children between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Twenty-three percent were infected with one or more intestinal parasite. The main parasites were Giardia lamblia (15\) and Entamoeba coli (8%), the latter being included as a non-pathogenic indicator of contamination. Twenty percent of the sampled children living in Birzeit were infected as compared with 41\ in children sampled from outlying villages. No relationship between anaemia and parasitism was detected. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Birzeit; children; health; health care; infectious disease; parasitism.

Dandashly, Mustafa, ed. (1985) [Arabic] Public Health Problems in Southern Lebanon -- Presen't and Fu'ture. Sideon: Educational Centre for research and documentation. Abstract: This is a collection of papers given at a seminar. The overall theme is the detrimental effects of the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon and of the civil war on the general population. Keywords: Lebanon; war; public health

David, P. H., Bisharat L., and Kawar s. (1991) "Using routine surveys to measure mortality: a tool for programme managers." Social Science and Medicine, 33(3):309-19, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London. Abstract: Aid donors and recipients have begun to demand timely,

16

population-based information for programme planning and for measuring health programme performance. Results from trials in Jordan, Syria, Djibouti and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen show that widely-used routine surveys for estimating vaccination coverage can be adapted to collect date on health indicators such as child and maternal mortality. Estimation methods must be robust and field-work well supervised. Child mortality rates, sibling survival rates and maternal death rates are included. These trials indicate that the need to monitor selected health indicators could be met through inexpensive, low technology surveys. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; health; child mortality; vaccinations; immunizations; maternal death rates; epidemiology; health planning

Dinnage, Rosemary and Pringle, M.L. Kellmer, (1967) Residen~ial Child Care - Fac~s and Fallacies, Humanities Press, New York. Abstract: The book reports on the scientific research findings on child welfare in Israel and other countries in Europe, the U.S.A., Britain. Child care is therefore analyzed in a functional and geographical sense. It concerns adequate care within the natural home, in a foster family, in a residential unit or in a situation of adoption. With regard to the particular case of Israel, the studies included (Rabin's, Kaffman's and Kaneti-Baruch's) pertain to children in the kibbutzim environment. The topics of research deal with psychopathology, behavioural issues, personality, adolescents, family and parenting, emotional disturbance, etc. The studies are presented in the traditional scientific format which include the aim/purpose, sample, method, findings, discussion and conclusion. Keywords: Israel; child welfare; child care; kibbutzim; psychopathology; behaviour; health.

Buehrig, Edward (1971) The U.N. and ~he Pales~inian Refugees: A S~udy in Non~erri~orial Adminis~ra ~ion, Studies in Development: No.3, Bloomington: University Press. Abstract: A scholarly study of the administration of relief for Palestinians displaced from their homes by the Israelis. the author deals with the emergence of the expellees as a UN charge, constitutional origins of UNRWA, its corporate status and immunities, status and immunities of staff, economic rehabilitation, welfare, education and finance. Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; relief; expellees; welfare; economic rehabilitation; education; finance.

Doan, R.M. and Bisharat, L. (1990) "Female autonomy and child nutritional status: the extended-family residential unit in Amman, Jordan." Social Science & Medicine, 31 ( 7): 783-9, Centre for the Study of Population, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Abstract: The study explores the hypothesis that the mother's position within household power relations - her autonomy with respect to other household members - influences her ability to provide for the health of her children. It is argued that in the context of the Arab Middle East, a woman's structural position within the household is a good indicator of her relative autonomy. The analysis is based on data collected from 1341 householdds in 1985 in four urban settlements in Amman, Jordan. The study includes variables such as child weight and age, socioeconomic factors, the effect of the mother's autonomy on child nutritional status, household income, mother's education, area of residence, child's

17

sex, etc. The results show a strong negative influence associated with having a mother whose autonomy in the household is low. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; health; women; child; social dominance; socioeconomic factors; education; family; mothers

Dudin, A., Hadi, A., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Thalji, A. (1991) Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscubr Volume Distribution Among Children Hospitalized for Non-hemorrhagic Accidental Pathology As Indicators of Anemia in a Defined population. Abstract: The study sample comprised 281 children between the ages of 6 months and 14 years who were admitted to Makased hospital for elective minor surgery or for non-hemorrhagic pathology between January of 1986 and June of 1989. The results showed that 53% of children under the age of three years were anemic (Hb- 11 mg%). Of the children aged three to five years 20.4% had Hb levels of less than 11 mg%. The aunhors conclude that anemia among Palestinian children was mainly due to Iron deficiency which is further aggravated by the high prevalence of thalassemia in the area. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; children; hospitals; pathology; anemia; thalassemia.

Dudin, A., Ibrahim, H., Ahmad, H., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Thalji, A. (1991) Thalassemia Trait Among Palestinians With Low MCV, Makased Islamic Charitable Hospital. Abstract: A sample of 200 adults and 400 children with low MCV was studied. 25.6% Of those were carriers of the Thalassemia trait. The authors conclude that the high prevalence ot the Thalassemia trait among the Palestinian population justifies the establishment of a screening and prevention program for thalassemia in the country. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; thalassemia; health; children.

Dudin, A., Rambaud-Cousson, A., Badawi, s., Da'na, N., Thalji, A., Hannoun, A. (1991)

ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group Distribution and Their Implication for Fetomaternal Incompatibility Among Palestinian Population. Abstract: The study population comprised two groups: 5,232 women selected at random from the Makased hospital outpatient obstetric clinic and 12,169 consecutive deliveries at Makased hospital. Among the first group and after approximation to the first percentile, the distribution of blood groups was as follows: A, 44.4%, 8, 16.8%, o, 35.2%, AB, 6.6%. 89% were Rh positive and 11% were Rh negative. Among the second group, 3,670 (30%) of the mothers had blood group 0 Rh positive and 1,530 of them gave birth to A or 8 infants. Thirty percent of these mothers were immune to the A and/or 8 antigens. Of 1, 320 Rh negative mothers 727 gave birth to Rh positive infants. In total 0.3% of all mothers included in the study gave birth to infants with fetomaternal incompatibility. Although the extent of passive immunization of Rh negative mothers was not determined, the authors conclude that "the extent of precautions and the methodology of its use are still inappropriate". [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; obstetric clinics; deliveries; blood groups; infants; mothers; births; immunization.

El-Teebi, A.J. and El-Ebweini, S.N. (19877) Improving antenatal care and institutional delivery coverage in the Gaza Strip. Presented to W.H.O. Training Workshop on Health Service Research in Primary Health Care in the West Bank and Gaza,

18

Jerusalem. Abstract: A survey was conducted of women giving birth in the Gaza Strip between April 21, 1987 and April 30, 1987 (687 women), investigating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the women in relation to antenatal care. 87% had some kind of antenatal care during their pregnancy, 65% in UNRWA clinics and 27% in government clinic. 84% attended antenatal care first in their second trimester. The main reason given for nonattendance was "no time because of work in family". 55% of the sample had no health insurance. Keywords: WHO, Antenatal care; Gaza Strip

El-Teebi, A.J., El-Ebweini, S.M. (1987) Improving Antenatal Care and Institutional Delivery Coverage in the Gaza Strip, Presented to the WHO Training workshop on health services research in primary health care in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem. Abstract: A survey of 687 women giving birth in the Gaza Strip between April 21 and April 30 ot 1987 was carried out, investigating the knowledge, attitude and practices of the women in relation to antenatal care. Nineteen percent of the deliveries·were at home, 50% in hospital and 22% in government or UNRWA clinics. Eighty-seven percent of the women received some kind of antenatal care, 65% in UNRWA clinics, and 27% in government clinics. Eighty-four percent of the mothers received antenatal care for the first time during their second trimester. The main reason given for non-attendance of antenatal care was "no time because of work with family". Fifty-five percent of the sampled women had no health insurance. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; UNRWA; health; mother and child health; antenatal care; women; deliveries; hospitals; clinics; health insurance.

Elazar, D. J. (1982) Judea, Samaria and Gaza: Views on the present and the Future. AEI Studies, Washington, D.C. Abstract: This book is part of an exploration of possible solutions for the administered territories: Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Strip. There are chapters on spatial patterns of Jewish and Arab settlements in Judea and Samaria; the Israeli settlements; local government; political economy; social services and internal security in the administered territories. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; settlement~resettlement; economy; human resources; health; housing; Gaza Strip; self­government.

Fasheh, v. (1988) "Needs Assessment for In-service Education," Bethlehem University Journal, v.5. Abstract: A survey of employees working in institutions serving the disabled was conducted. It is concluded that there was demand and need for the development of in-service training programs. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; disabled; employees.

Feiner, Harriet A., (1977) The Uprooted - The Collected Papers of Esther Appelberg, Child Welfare League of America. Abstract: Written between 1962 and 1974 the book consists of a compilled series of articles written by Dr. Esther Appleberg on child welfare in Israel. The articles reflect Dr. Appleberg's work as a social worker specifically in the area of child welfare. It therefore covers topics such as psychological needs, family, illnesses, treatment, foster parenting, social work education, etc.

19

The book contains a section which discusses the holocaust and immigration and how these phenomena affected Jewish children. Keywords: Israel; Jewish; child welfare; social work.

Frihat, Hikmat Abul Karim, and Odeh A. Abu Snineh (1988) Child Health and Nutrition Al-Ahlia Publishers and Distributors, Amman. 240 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: A study that focuses on the importance of child health care and his nutrition. Keywords: Children; Health Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Gaza Medical Relief Committee (1986) Health in the Gaza Strip, GMRC, Gaza. Abstract: Health in the Gaza Strip is reviewed from secondary sources, covering infant mortality, parasitic diseases, malnutrition, blindness, water supply, sewage, overcrowding and health services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; infant mortality; health services; malnutrition; blindness; water supply; diseases.

Gerichter, Ch.B., Lasch, E.E., Sever, I., El-Masri, M., Skalska, P. (1987) Paralytic Poliomyelitis in the Gaza Strip and West Bank During Recent Years, Dev. Biol. Standard 41,173-177. Abstract: The continued high prevalence of paralytic poliomyelitis in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in spite of relatively high coverage by TOPV is discussed. The finding that some fully vaccinated children, nevertheless, contracted the disease is noted and is attributed to interference with TOPV by endemic enteric viruses. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; children; health; health care; infectious disease; poliomyelitis.

Giacaman, R. (1983) Disturbing Distortions: A response to the report of the Ministry of Health of Israel to the thirty-sixth world health assembly on health and health services in the Occupied Territories, Geneva, May 1983, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. 23 pages. Abstract: The review presents a critique of the official Israeli position concerning health conditions in the occupied territories which it is claimed is attempting to create the impression that "military occupation is beneficial for the physical, mental and social well-being of the people". Infant mortality rates, health services, morbidity, the environment, mental health and socioeconomic conditions are reviewed, and it is concluded that (a) there is no evidence that health or health services have improved during the first 16 years of occupation, (b) the military government has attempted to create conditions of stagnation and dependence in health services and (c) genuine attempts to improve health conditions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip must be linked with the precondition of an end to military occupation. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strrip; health; health services; military occupation.

Giacaman, R. (1984) Planning for Health in Occupied Palestine, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: The development of the health sector under occupation is discussed. It is proposed that future plans (a) take into consideration causes rather than just symptoms of disease, (b) establish priorities which include women and children, (c)

20

concentrate on rural PHC rather than urban curative services. [HDIP) Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; disease; women; children; PHC; curative services.

Giacaman, R. (1985). Zbeidat Three Years After: A Case Study of Commununity Development in Health, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: In 1980 the author participated in a study of the village (Tamari, s. and Giacaman, R. (1980)), one ot the recommendations of which, was that individuals from the village should be trained in the field of "health". This report is a case study of how this was implemented in practice. Two individuals from the village received a training under the supervision of Catholic Relief Services. When the individuals returned to the village after training they were unable to take on an effective role (a) because of inappropriate training and (b) lack of community support. The funding agencies approach is criticized as being "top-down" and lacking community participation. Problems of corruption in the village as a result of the inflow of agency funds are described. Finally general lessons are drawn from the project. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Zbeidat; health; community development; community; training.

Giacaman, R. (1986) "Health and Development in the Occupied Territories, the Theoretical Frame," Birzen Research Bulletin. Abstract: Three viewpoints regarding health and health development in the occupied Territories are reviewed. The first viewpoint deals with health and illness from a strictly biomedical perspective. The second considers the poor health conditions in the Occupied Territories as strictly arising from occupation. Advocates of this view believe that health condnions in the Occupied Territories may only be improved by purging occupation. The third viewpoint adds economic and social issues to the second. The report concludes that health and illness patterns are influenced by social and economic variations within the Palestinian population and that if the health of the population is not put within this context, little improvement may be attained. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Occupied Territories; health; health conditions.

Giacaman, R. (1987) Life and Health in Three Palestinian Villages. London and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Ithaca press. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; health; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; gender.

Giacaman, R. (1989) Health as a Social Construction: The Debate in the Occupied Territories, Middle East Report, 1989, 19, 6 (161), Nov-Dec 12-20. Abstract: In a sketch of the health debate in the Israeli Occupied Territories (West Bank and Gaza), it is suggested that there are three primary conceptions of health care strategies: the biomedical/clinical framework, the political/national framework and mass mobilization. It is argued that the first formulation neglects relationships between social organization and production of illness, and the other two are obsessed with incriminating the Israeli military. A successful approach to health care problems in this area needs to consider the complexity of the Palestinian community and to shift focus from centralized urban health centres toward rural areas. Three paragraphs.

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Available from: L. Baker (Copyright 1991, Sociological Abstracts, Inc.) Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; demography; health; compensation; camps; economy; human resources.

Giacaman, R. (1989) Health as a Social Construction: The Debate in the Occupied Territories, Middle-East Report, 19, 6(161) (November/December):16:20. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; demography; health; West Bank; Gaza Strip; compensation; camps; economy; human resources.

Giacaman, R. (1991) The Disabled in the Village of Nahalin, Caritas Baby Hospital Rural Health Team. Abstract: The report describes a survey which was carried out in the village of Nahalin in the Bethlehem district. A total of 80 disabled persons were identified in the community who required assistance in daily life activities. Seventy-one percent of the disabilities were physical and 29% were mental in nature. Forty-three percent of the disabilities were hearing and speaking impairments which were mainly related to mental disabilities. The survey showed that there were twice as many disabled males than females in the community. This was attributed to selective neglect of disabled temales by their carers. Cousin marriages and poverty were shown to affect the prevalence rate of disability among the Nahalin families. Some interventions are suggested. The main focus was on community based rehabilitation rather than the institutional approach. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Nahalin; disabled persons; mental disability; physical therapy; rehabilitation; disability; physically handicapped; families.

Giacaman, R. and c. Smith (1983) "Palestinian women and development in the Occupied West Bank", unpublished paper, University of Bir Zeit. Keywords: West BAnk, refugees (Palestinian); health; gender; economy; demography; Israel.

Giacaman, R. and c. Smith (1986a) The Medical Relief Committee - A Model for Mobilisation, Ramallah. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); health; Israel; economy.

Giacaman, R. and c. Smith (1986b) "Health and underdevelopment in the occupied Territories: a theoretical framework." Bir Zeit Research Review, (3). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; west Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; health; economy; demography; gender.

Giacaman, R., Daibes, I. (1989) Towards the Formuhtion of a Rehabilitation Policy: Disability in the West Bank. Abstract: The report presents some guidelines for a local policy on rehabilitation and includes two surveys: a hospital/ clinic based survey of uprising injuries, and a survey of existing institutions for care of the disabled. A total of 473 serious injuries were documented, most between the period between March of 1988 and March of 1989. Of these, 435 were males and 55% were below 20 years of age. Of this total, 197 were serious permanent injuries. Injuries included 40 paraplegics/ quadraplegics; 7 amputations; 10 severe head injuries; and 31 peripheral nerve damage cases. Eye injuries

22

were not included in the survey but it is noted that St. John's hospital has performed about 130 enucleations during the uprising. The general prevalence of disabilities is reviewed and it is estimated that, in addition to disabilities arising from Israeli army violence, 30,000 - 37,500 people in the West Bank and 30,000 -37,500 in the Gaza Strip are in need of rehabilitation. In the second study, 57 institutions providing services to the handicapped were documented. The study concludes with a discussion of the need for a variety of rehabilitation services and emphasizes the importance of community-based care strategies. It is proposed that a coordinating committee of local institutions be ormed to develop a more detailed plan. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza st:ip; rehabilitation policy; uprising injuries; disabled; injur~es; disabilities; physical therapy; rehabilitation; care strategies; community-based.

Giacaman, Rita (1982) "Health Conditions in the West Bank Under the Israeli Occupation: A Case Study of Zubaidat Village" Palestinian Affairs, No. 125 (in Arabic), pp. 62-88. Abstract: Keywords: Public Health; Palestine; Israel. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Giel, R., Gilbert, M., O'Hanlon, K. and Spier, w. (1989) Needs Assessment in Respect of Emergency Medical Care in UNRWA Clinics and Non-governmental Hospitals of th~ West Bank and Gaza, WHO short term consultancy, 30 April to 20 May, 1989. Abstract: An UNRWA commissioned study concerning the needs for emergency care development in the West Bank and Gaza. Main recommendations were that (a) there should be increased support for emergency services as a result of uprising injuries, (b) UNRWA clinics should be upgraded and equipped for emergency care, (c) ambulance services should be expanded, (d) hospital services need upgrading and expanding, (d) nursing training in emergency care should be provided, (e) development of rehabilitation and long term care for the severely disabled, (f) increased role of UNRWA as a coordinator of health services and (g) training in dealing with psychological stress and grief. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; health; health care; hospital services; clinics; emergency care; medical personnel; training; disabled; injuries; psychological stress.

Gilat, T., Horwitz, c., Halpern, z., Itzhak, A. and Feldman, c. (1985) Gallstones and Diet in Tel Aviv and Gaza, American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 41:336-342. Abstract: In a comparative study, Gaza residents in the 60+ age group were found to have a lower prevalence of gallstones than people in the same age group from the Tel Aviv area. A dietary recall survey failed to explain the difference. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; Tel Aviv; health; health care; gallstones; diet; nutrition; nutritional status.

Ginsberg, G. and Kotch, J. B. (1991) "The Impact of Birth Weight on Infant Mortality in Israel", Preventative Pediatrics, 1 (2):87-98. Abstract: During the 1970's Israel experienced a significant fall · in all infant mortality categories except for late neonatal deaths (7-27 days). In the same period, unlike the rest of the world,

23

Israel experienced a rise in the incidence of low birth weight babies weighing less than 2500 gm. Evidence is provided to link these phenomena to the increase in neonatal intensive care unit beds that occurred over the same period. These beds acted to "postpone" infant deaths from the early neonatal (0-6 days) period into and past the late neonatal period. A policy option of increasing the number of neonatal intensive care units is rejected. The recommended policy option aims to utilize the widespread network of mother and child health centres to focus on programs aimed at the reduction in the incidence of low birth weight babies. Such an action, if successful, would also reduce the infant mortality rate and alleviate the demand pressures on the neonatal intensive care units. (PP] Keywords: Israel; health; infant mortality; child health centres; babies.

Ginsberg, G. and Penchas, s. (1990) "Israel's Expenditure on Health Services", Israel Journal of Medical Science, 26 (11):625-629. Abstract: Israel's health care expenditure in 1968 seemed reasonable relative to its GNP and in comparison to eight selected industrialized, non-communist countries. However Israel devoted fewer dollars per citizen on health care than any of these eight other nations. The paper investigates the role of three factors that contributed to this relatively low expenditure level: a) health personnel and bed supply levels, b) operations and procedure rates, and, c) relative wage costs of health personneL The Israeli health system can be said to be characterized by adequate manpower inputs, high bed occupancy rates, low surgery rates relative to the USA (not necessarily a negative phenomenon), and low relative wage inputs. The relatively limited available output indicators lead the authors to believe that the productivity per person employed in the health services could be raised. The low absolute levels of health expenditures in Israel are mainly due to a combination of a low GNP per head and relatively low wage differentials between health service staff and other income earners. [IJMS) Keywords: Israel; health; health expenditures.

Ginsberg, G. and Tulchinsky, T.H. (1990) "Costs and benefits of a second measles inoculation of children in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44:274-280. Abstract: The WHO has targeted measles as a disease which should be eradicated. The use of vaccines during infancy has resulted in a substantial decline in cases in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. Still, the disease continues to occur in epidemic waves with large morbidity and mortality in all of these populations. This paper estimates the costs and benefits of three alternative strategies of adding immunization at school age and during young adult life to the present vaccination at 15 months. The study presented in this paper concludes that the adoption of a two dose policy appears to be economically justifiable. (JECH] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; measles; immunization; vaccines; vaccinations; morbidity; mortality.

Ginsberg, G., Penchas, s. and Israeli A., (1991) "Alternative Methods of Hospital Remuneration in Israel", Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol.27, 1991:583-589. Abstract: Current methods of remunerating hospitals by an average per diem fee tend to over-reimburse hospitals that have a concentration of departments whose true. costs are less than the average price received. Hospitals with a high concentration of

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expensive high-technology service departments whose true costs are more than the average price received will be under-reimbursed and are obliged to cover their running deficits by other means, i.e. donations. This paper examines alternative methods to the deficient per diem method of reimbursing hospitals, such as fee for service, historical budgeting, capitation, gatekeeper's fees and diagnosis­related groups (DRG's). (IJMS] Keywords: Israel; health; hospitals; fees.

Golychev, v. (1991) Eye Diseases in Palestine, Kalinin Medical Institute, Kalinin, USSR, The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees. Abstract: The author describes the distribution of eye diseases among 1,427 patients (2,652 eyes) which he examined during a six week visit in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip During 1991. Of all the patients who were examined, 30.7% had conjunctivitis, 18.6% had refractive errors and accommodation disorders, 17.2% had cataracts or conditions following cataract removal and 5.1% had disorders of the retina. Although the sample studied is not representative of the Palestinian population, the author concludes that the incidence of eye disease in Palestine is high. He also concludes that the main cause of blindness among the Palestinian population is corneal opacity which is mainly due to trachoma and congenital eye pathologies which, in turn are mainly due to marriages between relatives. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; eye disease.

Gordon, Daniel "Female Circumcision and Genital Operations in Egypt and Sudan: A dilemma for Medical Anthropology", Medical Anthropology Quarterly American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC, USA. Abstract: Review of medical information of various forms of genital surgery and examines procedures in cultural context contrast health and culture. · Keywords: Gender; Health; Arab States. Available froa: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Graff, James A. & Mohamed Abdolell (1991) Palestinian Children & Israeli State Violence. Toronto: The Near East Cultural and Educational Foundation of Canada (NECEF), 192 pp. Keywords: HUman rights; health; Israel; refugees (Palestinian); settlement-resettlement.

Haddad, M. Al-Najah University, March (1990). The Necessity and Importance of a National Plan for Water Supply and Sewerage (Arabic). Abstract: Water supply and sewerage problems facing the communities of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are numerous, serious, and have significant impacts on peoples' health and welfare. water supply problems are primarily those of water resource distribution and supply. To a lesser extent, there are water problems concerning water quality and pollution. Sewerage problems include waste water collection, treatment and disposal or reuse. The West Bank and the Gaza Strip have a special status as territories under military occupation where there is no national authority to administer and solve major problems of the community. The parties involved in water and sewage problems in the West Bank and Gaza are various NGOs, local municipalities and the military authorRies' Civil Administration. Current and past practices employed in solving water and sewage problems of the West Bank and Gaza were based on a

25

day-to-day and problem-by-problem approach. In addition, many problems were badly tackled due to lack of basic data or study of needs, restrictions imposed by the military authorities, unqualified designers or unqualified contractors. The author believes that there is vital necessity for a regional plan for water supply and sewerage of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Such plan cannot be implemented without the participation of all parties involved (NGOs, municipalities and the people). To meet these objectives, an advisory board or committee should be formed on a regional level, composed of a group of experts actively engaged in the fields of water and sewerage. The main objective of the study is to investigate all the technical aspects as well as the economic, social and environmental effects of current problems, to propose solutions to these problems and to provide advice to the various parties involved. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; sewerage; sewage; drinking water; environment; disease.

Haddad, May (1989) "Women, Medicine and Health" Middle East Report, Nov-Dec 1989. Abstract: Factors endangering women's health and survival, funding and sustaining problems associated with public health centre projects. Keywords: Gender; Health. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Hammad Adnan (1991) "Effectiveness and Efficiency in the Management of the Palestinian Health Service." Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 51(8) (February):2890-A. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; Gaza Strip; camps; health; Israel; demography.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1986) Health and Population In Squatter Areas of Amman: A Reassessment After Four Years of Upgrading A report prepared by Hisham El-Zagha and Laila Bisharat for Urban Development Department, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and the Environment, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, (in Arabic) 94 p. Abstract: Introduction to urban development in Amman, the objectives; demographic, social and economic characteristics, mother-child care and health. Keywords: Social Development; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) Statistical Yearbook Department of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, (bilingual, English and Arabic), annual, 509 p. Abstract: A statistical yearbook of Jordan's population, labour and wages rates, agriculture, education, health, finance, etc. Keywords: Demography, Jordan, Health, Education. Available from: Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1989) The 5th Conference for Jordanians Abroad The Ministry of Labour, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 455 p. Abstract: A book including all papers discussed in the Conference for Jordanians Abroad covering their problems, economic situation

26

and investments in Jordan, banking and taxation. Keywords: Jordan; Economic Infrastructure. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1990) The National Health Program for Birth Spacing National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 34 p. Abstract: A report covering the situation of Jordan's population and the health services provided for them highlighting mother and child health services and birth control as a national population policy. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Child; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 1990: Preliminary Report Report prepared for the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Health, Jordan, and the Institute for Resource Development by DHS: Demographic Health Surveys, Macro International Inc., 20 p. Abstract: Covers the methodology of the DHS survey, and findings related to fertility, family planning, reproductive intentions, antenatal care, immunization, childhood diseases, mortality rates, with statistics. Keywords: Demography, Jordan; Health; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) Population Bulletin A quarterly bulletin published by the National Population Commission, Third Edition, Second Year, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 12 p. Abstract: A special edition covering the proceedings of a conference on "Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan" with an analysis of some of the presentations and the final recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Health; Children. Available froa: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Safe Motherhood and Birth Spacing" A report prepared by Makram Ishaq and Abdul Rahim Al-Maaita for the National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan (in Ar~ic), 18 p. Abstract: A report on mother health care, birth control services, fertility and other mother health care related topics. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Public Health; Child. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Health Manpower Development Research Center (1988) Health Manpower in tlhe West Bank. A Preliminary Study, HMDRC, Ramallah. Abstract: The authors discuss the current staffing of the government health sector and make proposals for its development. Detailed statistical data are presented concerning current staffing levels. The authors point out inadequate staffing and an inadequate number of clinics as being major problems. The small number of clinics in smaller villages is noted and it is stated that 67% of all population concentrations have no MCH centers. The paper suggests the following objectives for the next five year period: Upgrading staffing of the existing facilities. - Increasing the number of clinics. Including physical therapy, occupational therapy, dental care, radiology, laboratory and family planning services to those already being provided. The authors then propose a four-tier PHC system with the level of services provided in a particular village depending on its population size: "District

27

Health Centers" providing a wide range of services are proposed for seven major cities; 18 comprehensive health centers are suggested for larger towns; 92 satellite clinics for larger villages and 88 health posts for villages with populations of less than 2,000 persons. Manpower needs for this plan are presented in detail. Concerning secondary health care, the authors point out a shortage of a wide range of specialists and specialized departments. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; hospital services; clinics; villages; staffing; medical personnel; training; PHC; health centres.

Heggenhougen, Kris and Alizon Draper (1990) Medical Anthropology and Primary Health Care: An Introduction and Selected Annotated Bibliography EPC Publication No. 22, Spring 1990. Evaluation and Planning Centre for Health Care, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K. 224 p. Abstract: Primary health care in developing countries, discusses how culture and health care are inter-related, role of community members, traditional medicine and socio-political aspects of health care with annotated bibliography. Keywords: Health; Social Infrastructure; Government. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Heggenhougen, Kris with Paola Sesia-Lewis (1988) Traditional Medicine and Primary Health Care: An Introduction and Selected Annotated Bibliography EPS Publication No. 18, Autumn 1988. 74 p. Evaluation and Planning Centre for Health Care, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K. 224 p. Abstract: Definition .of traditional medicine and its efficacy, national health policies, educational implications and selected annotated bibliography. Keywords: Health; Infrastructure. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Henley, D. et al. (1986) "Health and Health Care for the Palestinians of the West Gaza Strip." Journal ·Of Palestine Studies, 15(2). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; settlement-resettlement; human resources; camps; protection.

Bank and

people; health;

Henquin, N., E. Havivi, A. Reshef, F. Barak andY. Horn (1989) "Nutritional monitoring and counselling for cancer patients during chemotherapy." Postgraduate Medical Journal, 46(3):173-7. Abstract: The objective of the study was to try to monitor the nutritional status of cancer patients during chemotherapeutic treatment. Anthropometric studies were performed and the nutritional status was established. A total of 19 patients were subject for final evaluation. Patients initially with poor nutritional status further deteriorated. Cancer patients might benefit from intensive ongoing personal nutritional monitoring and counselling. [UTLINK) Keywords: Israel; cancer treatment; nutrition

Hershko, K., Abrahamov, A., Moreb, J., Hersh, M., Shiffman, R., Shahin, A., Richter, E., Konijn, A., Weissenberg, E., Graver, F., Avni, A., Shahin, s., Eisenberg, A. and Yaffee, Y. (1984)

Lead Poisoning in a West Bank Arab Village, Archives of Internal

28

Medicine, 144:1969-1973. Abstract: High levels of blood lead in A-Sawyia were attributed to the contamination of home made flour with lead which had been used for stabilizing metal parts of the local flour mill. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Arabs; Palestinians; health; health care; contamination; lead poisoning; diet; nutrition.

Hmaid, s. (1987) Anaemia of Pregnancy Among Refugee Women in Gaza Strip, MSc Dissertation, Institute of Child Health, University of London. Abstract: Between July 1 and September 25 of 1987, approximately 10% of all pregnant women attending UNRWA health centers were tested for anaemia and given a questionnaire. Two groups were studied at 18-22 weeks and 32-36 weeks of gestation. The former group had a prevalence rate of anemia of 73% and the latter 76%. Higher risk of anemia was associated with young age at marriage, short intervals between pregnancies, malnutrition, low socioeconomic status and failure to utilize UNRWA intervention programs. The study revealed much wastage of iron and folic acid tablets and suggested modifications in the distribution system. The main cause of anaemia was nutritional, although some thalassemia was present. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; refugee women; pregnant; pregnancy; Arabs; Palestinians; health; anaemia; gestation; diet; nutrition; malnutrition; socioeconomic status; UNRWA.

Hmaydi, M. (undated) Water Quality in the West Bank (Arabic), Birzeit University Community Health Unit Abstract: This review article presents a brief definition of clean drinking water The concentration of fecal coliforms is used as an indicator of Ievel of water pollution. Cisterns which were fed by water originating from streets had more than 100 fecal coliforms/100 ml. Cisterns which were fed by water from home yards had the least level of coliform pollution Cisterns which are located at a distance of more than 50 meters from sewage soakage pits had 50% less pollution than cisterns which are located at a shorter distance from soakage pits. The use of electric pumps in cisterns significantly reduced the pollution levels of the cisterns Piped network water which is chemically treated had no significant pollution Spring water showed seasonal fluctuations in pollution levels. All open water canals had more than 200 fecal coliforms/100 ml of water. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; sewerage; sewage; drinking water; cisterns; environment; disease.

Horn, Y., c. Zippin, A.R. Salhab, Y. Horani (1991) "Cancer patterns at medical centers in Israel and the West Bank." Journal of Surgical Oncology, 48(4):301-8. Abstract: This paper describes the oncological experience on 7,216 patients at two cancer units initiated by one medical team in 1975-1977 at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center in Israel (predominantly serving a Jewish population, 4,671 cases) and at the West Bank Cancer Unit, which serves an Arab population (2,545 cases). The findings at the two centers suggest the presence of different risk factors influencing the site distributions of cancers seen in the two populations served. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; west Bank; cancer registries; demographic characteristics

Hougen, H.P. (1988) "Physical and psychological sequelae to torture. A controlled

29

clinical study of exiled asylum applicants." Forensic Science International, 39(1):5-11. Abstract: The study comprised 24 male Lebanese refugees living in Denmark. Twelve of them alleged having been tortured in Lebanon during the period 1981-85. The remaining twelve had neither been imprisoned nor tortured and thus acted as control persons. At the time of examination (March-November 1986), the main complaints were headaches, various cardiopulmonary symptons, sleep disturbances with nightmares, impaired concentration and memory, and emotional lability. Suicide attempts were reported. The 12 controls had several mental and physical complaints, but significantly fewer than the probands. Almost all of them had scars from gunshot wounds. [UTLINK) Keywords: Lebanon; stress disorders, post-traumatic; torture; refugees

Husseini, s., Karakashian, A., Khan, A.A. and McCarthy, B.J. (1987) The Risk Approach in Maternal and Child Health Care Applied to The Camp Refugee Population in the West Bank, Jordan, WHO, Regional Office for the Mediterranean. Abstract: The study covered the camp populations of the West Bank, and was aimed at answering three main questions: what are the main trends in infant mortality in relation to birth weight; which subsections of the population have a high risk of infant mortality, and how does this relate to the provision of services by UNRWA. The method used was reviewing ante-natal records between January of 1980 and June of 198212, each case was followed up for a minimum period of one year. Infant mortality for this population was investigated in relation to 30 biological and socioeconomic variables, and the statistical results were presented in some detail in relation to some of these variables. For example, the overall infant mortality rate for a total of 6,364 births was 33.5 deaths/1000 live births. This analysis was followed up by the random selection of a sample of infant deaths which were investigated in an attempt to identify any deficiencies in the services provided. The main inadequacies identified included the following: for antenatal clinics: inadequate record keeping for proper patient management; nreliable determination of hemoglobin levels using the outdated Talquist nethod and lack of proper referrals for high risk pregnancies. for the delivery system: an inappropriate willingness of camp birth attendants handle difficult deliveries at home, failure to refer high risk women to hospital for birth, lack of coordination between health centers and hospitals, accessibility of hospitals to residents of remote areas, lack of facilities in hospitals for management of neonatal problems, and lack of skill and knowledge the hospital level. - for the child care clinics: inadequate record keeping leading to misclassification of high risk infants and early introduction of bottle milk. In the discussion, the paper compares infant mortality in different birth weight groups with the risks for the same groups in the USA. A curious finding was that low birth weight infants in the West Bank were apparently less likely to die than their American counterparts. The report gests that this result may indicate that there is a substantial high risk sub-population in the camps which does not receive UNRWA services and which herefore, unknown to UNRWA. Finally a series of recommendations are made to improve the both the services provided and the monitoring system used by UNRWA. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Jordan; refugee camp; UNRWA; health; mother and child health; infant mortality; infant deaths; births; birth weight; antenatal clinics; delivery system; neonatal problems; hospitals; child care clinics; deliveries at home.

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International Committee of the Red Cross (1987) Bibliography of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, (2nd edition) International Committee of the Red Cross and Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva. 605 p. Abstract: Two sections dealing with military occupation and protection of victims of war cover many unannotated references pertaining to the Middle East conflict. Keywords: Human Rights; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

International Committee of the Red Cross (1992) Panorama '92 International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 p. Abstract: Provides highlights of years activities in magazine format in all regions, includes Committee's terms of reference and finance. Keywords: Human Rights; Health. Available from: International Committee of the Red cross, Amman, Jordan.

Islam, M. Fakhr El-, Taha H. Malasi, and Samar I. Abu-Dagga (1988) "Oral Contraceptives, Socio-cultural Beliefs and Psychiatric Symptoms". Social Science Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 9. pp. 941-945. London, United Kingdom. Abstract: Occurrence of psychiatric symptoms of Moslem women -contrasting use of oral contraception to who used local or none, attribution of symptoms. Keywords: Health; Islam; Women. Available froa: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

International Committee of the Red Cross (1987) Bibliography of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, (2nd edition) International Committee of the Red Cross and Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva. 605 p. Abstract: Two sections dealing with military occupation and protection of victims of war cover many unannotated references pertaining to the Middle East conflict. Keywords: Human Rights; Palestinians; West Bank. Available from: International Committee of the Red Cross, Amman, Jordan.

Ishaq, J., Smith, c. (1984) Standards of Heanh Care in the West Bank, A Critical Review, Bethlehem University Journal, v.3. Abstract: Israeli claims of being responsible for an improvement in health and healih services in the West Bank are criticized. Infant mortality, numbers of hospital beds, mother and child health care and health sector financing are discussed. It is concluded that Israel's own data does not support Us claim that dramatic improvements in health and health services have been made. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; infant mortality; health care; health services.

Islam, M. Fakhr El-, Taha H. Malasi, and Samar I. Abu-Dagga (1988) "Oral Contraceptives, Socio-cultural Beliefs and Psychiatric Symptoms". Social Science Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 9. pp. 941-945. London, United Kingdom.

31

Abstract: Occurrence of psychiatric symptoms of Moslem women -contrasting use of oral contraception to who used local or none, attribution of symptoms. Keywords: Health; Islam; Women. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Israeli Government Health Services (1990) Mon~hly S~a~is~ical Repor~, Judea and Samaria. Abstract: Official government statistics are reviewed including birth and death rates, leading causes of death and an epidemiological report. The number of visits to government MCH centers and general clinics, the number of immunized children and a report on government hospital utilization are included. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; statistics; health; death rates; birth rates; epidemiology; clinics; immunizations; hospitals.

Israeli Ministry of Health (1986) A Review of Heal~h and Heal~h Services in Judea, ·samaria and Gaza 1985-1986. Abstract: The report reviews the health situation in the occupied Territories from an official Israeli point of view. It is claimed that socioeconomic and health conditions have improved during the past years as a result of the Israeli authorities' efforts. Some comparisons are made with other Middle East countries concerning infant mortality, death rates and GNP. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; West Bank; Gaza Strip; socioeconomic; health; infant mortality; death rates.

Israeli Ministry of Health (1988) Heal~h in Judea, Sarnania and Gaza 1987-1988, Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem. Abstract: The report summarizes the official Israeli view of health and development in the West Bank and Gaza. Improvements in health services and health standards are claimed, and credit is given to the Israeli government health sector for many of these improvements. These claims include improved socioeconomic conditions and nutritional status, improved and expanded PHC services, upgraded hospital facilities, manpower development, research development, improved sanitation, improved water supply and improved planning. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Judea; Samaria; health; health services; socioeconomic; sanitation; water supply; planning.

Israeli Ministry of Health (1990) Heal~h in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza 1989-1990. Abstract: This report is similar to previous annual reports and continues to present the government health sector in a favorable light. New reported developments include the following: 1. The introduction of a hepatitis vaccine for newborns with mothers with HB antibodies. 2. A aero-survey of circulating antibodies in school children aged 7 - 9 years in 1987 showed Polio (I, Il, Ill) in 96-99% of the children, Measles in 82% and tetanus in 72%. 3. PKU and HT screening has been introduced. 4. The proportion of low birth weights of newborns (measured in medical facilities) increased in 1988. 8.1% of births in Judea and Samaria and 7.5% in Gaza were underweight as compared to 6.1% and 5.9% respectively in 1985. The authors attribute this increase to an increase in the percentage of births takin place in hospitals and to fertility pattern changes. No explanation is given regarding how this could affect birth

32

weight. The possibility that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions (as described in the report) may affect mothers health is not suggested. 5. The discussion of "growth of infants" also leaves some unanswered questions It is conventional to present anthropometric data by quoting the percentage of the population under a certain cutoff point of a reference standard (for example 2 SD or 80% for m/wtfage). This enables estimation of whether there is significant difference between the population and a well nourished reference. The authors, however, present their data as follows: "studies of growth patterns in Judea and Samaria showed some differences with patterns of the United States National Center for Health Statistics ( USNCHS) (standards)". • • and . • • "a random sample of school children studied in 1987 in Gaza showed pattern similar to the NCHS pattern albeit with a wider standard deviation. 6. The discussion of infant mortality acknowledges that reported IMR estimates are incomplete and states that "HSRCS are conducting studies of infant deaths as to direct and indirect controlling factors, causes and location of deaths". In fact, the first infant mortality survey, conducted in the Hebron area (see Abu Dahou) has been completed for several years. The Israeli authorities have refused to allow the publication of the findings which indicate a much high IMR than is officially claimed. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Judea; Samaria; Hebron; health; hepatitis; vaccine; newborns; mothers; polio; measles; tetanus; hospitals; fertility; socioeconomic conditions; birth weight; infants; anthropometric; children; deaths; mortality.

Israeli Ministry of Health (1991) Health in Judea, Samaria and Gaza 1990-1991. Abstract: The report presents a summary of the official Israeli view of the health situation ~n the Occupied Territories. Improvements in health services are highlighted most of which are attributed to the Israeli authorities. Some vital statistics a reported including the infant mortality rate, immunization, population density fertility and population growth rates. Highlights of 1990-1991 are presented regarding emergency medical services, hospital services, primary health care health personnel development and environmental health. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Judea; Samaria; health; vital statistics; medical services; health care; health personnel; environmental health; infant mortality rate; immunizations; population density; hospitals; growth rate.

Jabra, A. ( 1984) Nutrition Survey Among Palestinian Refugees in Jordan, West Bank and Gaza, April-May 1984, UNRWA. Abstract: A sample was drawn from UNRWA ante-natal clinic registers ( 5% in Jordan and Gaza and 10% in the West Bank). Mothers and infants were asked to attend a clinic where their nutritional status was determined by anthropometry, clinical examination and Hb determination. Questions were also asked about breast feeding and weaning practices. The prevalence rate of wasting was 2.5% in Gaza and 1.8% in the West Bank. The prevalence rate of stunting was 20.4% in Gaza and 15.1% in the West Bank (%below 2SD). Half the children in the sample were anemic (Hb< 11 mg%). The only clinical sign of vitamin or mineral deficiency was tooth fluorosis, common only in the Gaza Strip. About 50% of pregnant and lactating women were anaemic (Hb < 12 mg%). In the conclusion, trends are assessed by comparing the results with those from a similar survey carried out during 1974. It is concluded that wasting has been reduced to a minor problem, however stunting has not improved. The reasons for

33

this were unclear, as were the reasons for the high levels of anemia. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinian Refugees; west Bank; Gaza Strip; refugee women; pregnant; pregnancy; health; anaemia; anemia; anemic; gestation; diet; nutrition; malnutrition; children; lactating women; breast feeding.

Jaffe, Eliezer D., (1982) Child Welfare in Israel, Praeger, New York, 1982. Abstract: The book contains chapters written by various authors on the topic of child welfare in Israel. An historical overview of child welfare is presented relating to the Jewish population from the early years before the formation of the state of Israel to more recent times. It includes discussions of ethnicity, ethnic conflict and demography relating to child care in Israel. In the area of the provision of various types of day care services, financing, staff training and programmes available are also presented. One chapter deals with family income maintenance which includes national social insurance programmes such as child allowances, matermity grants and allowances, etc. It is argued that Israeli child welfare has deep roots in Jewish religious, historical and communal experiences and cultural diversity which characterizes the Jewish people. The book concludes that defense planning and foreign policy have little meaning without a healthy, educated Israeli citizenry. Keywords: Israel; child care; child welfare; day care services; social insurance.

Janson s., Jayakoddy A., et al. (1990) "Severe mental retardation in Jordanian children. A retrospective study." Acta Paediatrics Scandinavica, 79(11) :1099-104, Swedish Save the Children, Sweileh, Jordan. Abstract: The etiology of severe mental retardation has not previously been studied in Jordan. In a group of 203 mainly severely mentally retarded children born 1975-1985, it was found that etiology was related to two main factors: i) sequele from high perinatal morbidity or meningitis in infancy leading to a combination of severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy; ii) a high degree of intermarriage and a high frequency of retarded siblings indicating that genetic causes of MR are common. The results underscore the importance of further development of antenatal and perinatal care, especially-for poor people and the need for genetic counselling. (UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; health; preschool; consanguinity; epidemiology; children; etiology; mental retardation; perinatal; morbidity; perinatal care; genetic counselling

Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of, Ministry of Health, Department of Planning, Training and Research (1984)

Promotion and Expansion of Health Care Services (3 volumes) Monograph, Ministry of Health, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 100 p. Abstract: Detailed project proposal to World Bank for support of improved health care services in Jordan, plus 2 volumes of annexes. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Human Resources. Available froa: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

Kamal, M.S., Blum, M., Robert, J. (1987) The Prevalence of Smoking Among Preparatory and Secondary School Children in the Ramallah Area, A paper presented to the WHO health service research workshop. Abstract: A survey of school children in three villages near Ramallah studied smoking prevalence by age in school children. seven hundred and eighty-three school children were surveyed. [HDIP]

34

Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; Health; School children; smoking.

Kaspari, s., Condie, A. (1986) Intestinal Parasitic Infection of Refugee Children in Selected West Bank Localities, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: A survey was conducted of intestinal parasitism in schools in four West Bank refugee camps: Dayr Ammar, Jalazon, Al-Amari and Al-'Oja. In each school, pupils in the 6-7 and 11-12 years age groups were sampled to provide a measure of variation with age. A total of 455 stool samples were analyzed, of which 48% were positive for one or more intestinal parasite. Main parasites found were Entamoeba coli (21%), Giardia lamblia (16%), Hymenolepis nana (11%), Trichuris trichura (6%), Entamoeba histolytica (4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2%) and Enterobius vermicularis (1%). [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; children; health; health care; infectious disease; intestinal parasite.

Katbeh, s. (1988) Medical Services in the West Bank (Arabic) The Physicians' Union, Jerusalem. Abstract: The paper provides a statistical report concerning government and nongovernment hospitals and clinics in the West Bank. The review notes a decline in the number of government hospital beds per capita since 1967, a decline in insurance coverage after 1967, lack of participation of Palestinians in planning and budget setting, and that a substantial proportion of the population lives without general clinics or MCH clinics. A list of hospitals and villages with clinics in the West Bank is presented. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; hospitals; clinics.

Kelly, A. (1984) A Study of Social Service Provision by the Private Non-profit Organizations in the Gaza Strip. (submitted to the Ford Foundation, Cairo) Abstract: The study comprises two parts. Part one presents detailed information on plans, activities and constraints facing Gaza NGOs. Part two discusses the NGO sector as a whole. The specific problems of Gaza are highlighted including residual Egyptian laws, lack of development under Egypt (contrasted with the West Bank), lack of a Union of Charitable societies and stringent controls on funding and expansion by the Israeli authorities. The need for development, better planning and training are discussed. The health organizations discussed in the report are the Ahli Arab Hospital, the Arab Medical Association, the Central Blood Bank Society, the Near East Council of Churches' Committee for Refugee Work, Patients' Friends Benevolent Association, Red Crescent Society and the Society for the Care of Handicapped Children. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; NGO's; organizations.

Kessler, s., Hamlin, R., Salvo, J., Vuturo, A. and Shutt, M. (1985) West Bank Health Care Assessment, Prepared by the American Public Health Association, Washington DC for Health Care Organization, Geneva. Abstract: A study of possibilities for health service development in the West Bank was conducted to assist the Arab Medical Welfare Association in identifying opportunities for health development. The following recommendations are made: strengthening planning

35

structures for both governmental and non-governmental sectors, developing a data base for health service assessment and planning, establishing manpower training programs, strengthening linkage between PHC and secondary and tertiary care, improving hospital services, improving specialized community-based programs, and improving the structure for health financing. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; hospital services; manpower training programs; tertiary care; community-based programs; PHC; health financing.

Khalaf, F. (1985) Evaluation of the Program for Selection of High Risk Children and Pregnant Women in Five UNRWA Clinics in the West Bank, MSc Dissertation, Institute ot Child Health, University of London. Abstract: An evaluation of "at-risk" selection procedures in five West Bank refugee camps was conducted. Main causes of referral were failure to gain weight, diarrhea and low birth weight. All referrals were from UNRWA clinics, 81% by the staff nurse. The report examines the referral process and makes a series of recommendations including: continuing in servicetraining including physicians, improved home vis-ning programs, more breast feeding promotion, review of the UNRWA policy of giving powdered milk at 6 months or below, development of low birth weight prevention programs, creation of a referral system for high risk pregnant women for consultation with obstetricians and introduction of a family planning policy. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; clinics; pregnant women; UNRWA; refugee camps; health; mother and child health; infant mortality; infant deaths; births; birth weight; family planning.

Khalid, M (1990) Comprehensive Technology for Drinking Water and Sanitation (Arabic), Save the Children Federation. Abstract: A detailed description of a domestic sewage water treatment unit is presented. The described unit is most useful in rural areas. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; west Bank; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; domestic sewage water treatment; rural areas; sewage; drinking water.

Khalid, M Savethe Children Federation, (1990) An Integrated Approach in Water and Sanitation (Arabic). Abstract: Most of the small rural communities of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank do not have proper sewage systems for the removal and treatment of sewage water These communities rely on soakage pits that are usually designed to serve single households. These pits require digging, sometimes into rocky grounds, which increases the risk of contamination ot the aquifer. Because of poor drainage capacity of some West Bank soils, frequent hyper-saturation and need for repair, these collection/soaking systems often fail, especially during the rainy season In addition, these pits must be emptied trequently which creates an ongoing expense tor the homeowner. Moreover, waste water which is discharged deep into the ground cannot be reused tor agriculture thus wasting a valuable resource, especially in the Gaza Strip which faces a critical water shortage. During the past few years various international and local agencies have attempted to link rural communities to potable water supplies, however most have not considered the resulting generation of unprecedented amounts of waste water. Based on ten years experience, Save the Children has found that unless a sewage disposal system is introduced with a new water project, the health benefits could be nullified by the hazards of improperly disposed

36

waste water. Central systems require high capital investments, maintenance systems and approval of the Israeli military authorities and are impractical for many rural communities. SCF suggests an alternative waste water disposal system which allows treated effluent to be reused safely for the irrigation of crops. The system is the subsurface drainage technique (SDT) which consists of two phases: a primary sedimentation phase where solids settle out, and a secondary phase where the effluent flows underground from a tank into a field, through perforated pipes. Sewage is treated as it seeps through the soil which surrounds the pipes. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; drainage; water treatment; water supplies; rural communities; sewage; drinking water.

Khalil, Samir s. (1989) [Arabic) The "Intifada" in its First Year: the Martyrs and the Injured. Amman: Niqabat al-Atibba al-Urduniyah, 160 p. Abstract: The book records details related to the injured and the martyrs of the Intifada such as the kinds of injuries and disabilities (short-term and long-term), and their effect on the future. Its research is based on medical reports from the Palestinian Red Crescent Society, Amnesty International, and statistics provided by Israeli and Arab hospitals and administrative offices in the occupied territories responsible for death certification. The author wants to show how much the Palestinians are sacrificing in their struggle for self-determination. Keywords: Palestinian Arabs; Intifada; war wounds

Khammash, u. (1988) The Magnitude of Brucellosis in the Israeli Occupied Territories and Guidelines for Prevention and Control, MPH thesis, Emory University School of Medicine Abstract: The author presents a plan for Brucellosis control in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip which would combine a campaign against animal Brucellosis with control measures for the human population. He emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and hypotheses testing, and the need for surveillance of the population if a program can be properly evaluated. The range_ of available control options is listed and a national control program is proposed. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; infectious disease.

Khatib, N. Palestinian Hydrology Group, (1990) Potential Water Resowces in the West Bank. Abstract: In 1989, the West Bank had a population of approximately 1,275,000. During the same year, domestic water demand was estimated at 70 million cubic meters. Agricultural use was limited to 90 million cubic meters per annum. The main water source in the West Bank is groundwater, either from springs ( 60 million cubic meters/year) or pumped bore holes (44 million cubic meters/year). Other minor sources include collected and stored rainwater and surplus water from Israeli bore holes. The average annual rainfall is estimated as 380 mm and the replenishable groundwater is estimated at 609 million cubic meters. Although the groundwater potential is much higher than the water consumption, the existing water restrictions set by the Israeli water commissioner are the main cause of the water shortage in the west Bank. Under these restrictions, the solutions to the water problem can be through the development of rainwater harvesting methods, storage of the surplus water available to the new Israeli settlements and developing new

37

water sources where feasible. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; water and sanitation; waste water; water pollution; drainage; water treatment; water supplies; rural communities; settlements; sewage; drinking water.

Kramer, U. (1990) Medical Study on the Physiotherapy I Emergency Program. Gaza Strip, UNICEF UNRWA. Abstract: Statistical report is presented of cases treated by UNRWA emergency physiotherapy project between May of 1988 and April of 1990 (n = 3,327). The cases were divided into Intifada-related (n = 2,699) and other trauma (n=353). The Intifada injuries were classified as follows: 1923 beatings (17%), of which 1149 suffered severe concussion and 774 suffered fractures. * 776 gunshot wounds (29\) ol which 565 were sott tissue injuries and 211 were bone injuries. * 111 peripheral nerve lesions (4\). Twenty-four were caused by beatings and 87 by gunshots. * Twenty-nine central nerve lesions (1%), ot which 14 were caused by beating to the head and spine and 15 were caused by gunshots. Thirteen central nerve lesions resulted in hemiplegia, 10 in paraplegia and six Tn quadriplegia. * Ninety-one percent of the Intilada injuries were males and 9\ were females. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; rehabilitation policy; uprising injuries; intifada injuries; disabled; injuries; disabilities; physical therapy; rehabilitation; beatings; gunshots; lesions.

Kuttab, A. (1990) Drinking Water and Sanitation in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Arabic), Birzeit University and Save the Children Federation. Abstract: A review is.presented of the goals of the international decade for drinking water and Sanitation and the activities which have been carried out in the West Ban~ and the Gaza Strip to achieve these goals. An increase in domestic water consumption and waste water production are noted. The effects of the inadequacy of sewage water disposal and treatment facilities on the general health of the population are reviewed. Some preliminary recommendations concerning inspection of drinking water and sewage treatment are made. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; water and sanitation; drinking water; water consumption; waste water; sewage water; sewage treatment; water pollution.

Lama, Y. and Ferraro, M. (1989) General Survey: Health Services in the Occupied Territories. Abstract: The survey was conducted for the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an attempt to establish approaches to promote the development of health and health services in the Occupied Territories. The report contains data about primary and secondary health care, vital statistics and environmental health. The information contained in the report were collected solely from secondary sources from a number of official Israeli publications, publications by different researchers and interviews with directors of health service institutions. The population of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip is reported to be 1,656,000 people with an annual growth rate of 3.1% for the West Bank and 3. 3\ for Gaza. The infant mortality rate is reported to be 22.6/1,000 live births. Life expectancy is reported to be 64 years for males and 67 years for females. It should be noted that all the demographic data and vital statistics are solely derived from official Israeli government reports. The per capita GNP is recorded as us 1,124$ and the per

38

capita public consumption as us 185s. Data about employment, agriculture, industry, water resources and public services are presented. Environmental health and food and drug control services are also described. Data about health services distribution in all the districts of the West Bank and Gaza are presented. Some notes are given about the quality of the health services. A special section is dedicated to UNRWA services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health services; births; life expectancy; vital statistics; employment; environmental health.

Landrigan, P. and Miller, B. (1983) Epidemic Acute Illness - West Bank. Final report, us Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Abstract: In 1983 there was an epidemic amongst West Bank schoolgirls characterized by headache, dizziness, vomiting, blurred vision, abdominal pain, binting and other symptoms, affecting 943 cases. An epidemiological study failed to establish the cause and concluded that the epidemic was induced by anxiety. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; disease; epidemiology.

Lasch, E., Abed, Y., Marcus, o., Gerichter, Ch.B., Combined Live and Inactivated Poliovirus Poliomyelitis in a Developing Country - Five Standard 65: 137 -143.

Melnick, J.L. (1986) Vaccine to Control

Years After, Dev Biol

Abstract: The results presented in Lasch (1984) are repeated again with the additional finding that between 1981 and 1984 in mean annual incidence of polio dropped to 0.6/100,000 in Gaza (4 cases) while sere-surveys showed high levels of protective immunity against types 1,11 and 111 poliovirus. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; health; health care; epidemics; infectious disease; polio; poliomyelitis; vaccine; vaccinations.

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Abdulla, K., El Tibbi, A. G., Marcus, 0., ·El-Masri, M., Handscher, R., Gericmer, C.B., Melnick, J.L. (1984)

Successful Results of a Program Combining Live and Inactivated Poliovirus vaccines to Control Poliomyelitis in Gaza, Reviews of In1ectious Diseases 6 (2) 467 - 470. Abstract: The development of a combined trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and an inactivated poliovirus vaccine is described. Until 1977 a TOPV-only vaccine was used, however, mean annual incidence of poliomyelitis remained at 10 per 100,000. There was evidence that the TOPV vaccine did not provide full protective immunity. In 1978 a new schedule combining live and inactivated poliovirus vaccines was introduced. During the period between 1978 and 1980, the incidence of poliomyelitis dropped to 2-6 per 100,000 and dropped further during the period between 1981 and 1982. It is concluded that the new schedule has succeeded in controlling poliomyelitis, and provides a model which could be emulated by other developing countries. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; health care; poliomyelitis; poliovirus vaccine; vaccinations; epidemics; infectious disease.

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Gerichter, C.B., Massri, M., Marcus, o., Hensher, R. and Goldblum, N. (1983)

Results of a Program Successfully Combining live and Killed Polio

39

Vaccines, Israeli Journal of Medical Sciences, 19:1021-1023. Abstract: The report describes the government Polio control program. Before 1973, vaccination using trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) had a relatively low coverage (30-40% of infants) however after 1973, coverage reached 90% but the incidence of polio did not show a decrease, and two epidemics occurred between 1973 and 1977. In 1977 a aero-survey showed that two thirds of vaccinated children had no better protection than unvaccinated children. It is concluded that TOPV aero-conversion was ineffective, this perhaps being related to enteric infections. In 1979 a new vaccine combining TOPV and Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was introduced. Preliminary results suggested almost 100% aero-conversion and a reduction in polio incidence from 2.9 per 100,000 in 1980 to 0.2 per 100,000 in 1981. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; health care; poliomyelitis; polio vaccine; vaccinations; children; epidemics; infectious disease.

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Goldberg, J. and Shawa, R. (1984) Child Health Services in Gaza - An Experiment in Integration, World Federation of Public Health Associations News (vol unknown). Abstract: Presented to the Fourth International Congress of World Federation of Public Health Associations, February 1984. An improvement in child health in Gaza in the late 1970~S and early 1980'S is attributed to improvements in government services, with particular emphasis on the "creation" of a pediatric hospital in Gaza. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; mother and child health; pediatric hospitaL

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Guenina, A., Hassan, N.A., Abu Amara, I and Abdallah, K.(l983)

Evaluation of the Impact of Oral Rehydration Therapy on the Outcome of Diarrheal Disease in a Large Community, Israeli Journal of Medical Sciences, 19:995-997. Abstract: A reduction in infant deaths due to diarrhea, and the reduction in hospital admissions for infant diarrhea are attributed to the increased use of ORS as a· result of the government ORS promotion program. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; health care; infant deaths; diarreah; infectious disease.

Lasch, E.E., Abed, Y., Marcus, o., Shbeir, M.·, Alem, A. and Hassan, N.A. (1984)

Cholera in Gsza in 1981: Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78:554-557. Abstract: A cholera outbreak in Gaza involving 161 cases is documented. The outbreak is initially linked to a drink at a wedding party. The entry of the disease was attributed to a visitor from Jordan. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; health care; epidemics; infectious disease; cholera.

Leavitt, F.J. (1990-91) "Should we move toward a free-market economy in medicine? Some ethical aspects of desocialization." Public Health Reviews, 18(2):151-7. Abstract: The essay considers the question of whether socialist or government subsidized cooperative medical systems ought to move in the direction of a free market. When the question is considered from the point of view of such ethical concepts as "the patient as

40

a person," "patient autonomy," "the physician's right to the fruits of his labors," "conversion of public property to private gain," "commercialization of scientific research," and "life as a commodity," it becomes clear that while government subsidized and regulated systems have their abuses, efforts at improvement are to be preferred to radical desocialization. [LEAVITT] Keywords: Israel; state medicine; economics; medical ethics

Levin, J. (undated) The Palestinians' Ambulance Problem. Abstract: A detailed account is presented of the many bureaucratic restrictions which Palestinian health care institutions face when applying for ambulance licenses from the Israeli military authorities' civil administration. Some suggestions for overcoming such problems are presented. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; ambulances; civil administration.

Lilienfeld, L.S., J.C. Rose and M. Corn (1986) "UNRWA and the health of Palestinian refugees." The New England Journal of Medicine, No. 315. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); UNRWA; health.

Lilienfield, L.S., Rose, J.C. and Corn, M. (1986) UNRWA and the Health of Palestinian Refugees, The New England Journal of Medicine, 315: 595-600. Abstract: A sympathetic view of the various health services provided by UNRWA is presented by a visiting group of physicians. It is argued that UNRWA programs of health education, maternal and child health and immunization have "markedly improved the health of refugees over the years of UNRWA's operation. It is noted that the UNRWA curative service is rather weak. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; UNRWA; immunizations; child health; refugees; health education; curative service.

Mann, J., Mahmoud, W., Ernest, M., Sagan-Cohen, H., Sheahan, N., Gedalia, 1. (1990)

Fluorosis and Dental Caries in 6-8 Year old Children in a 5 PPM Fluoride Area. Abstract: The report describes a survey of 1he degree of Fluorosis in the Gaza Strip where a moderate degree of fluorosis was discovered in the temporary dentition of children. The report notes 25% fluorosis in permanent dentition. The report discusses possible reasons for the high prevalence of fluorosis in the permanent dentition of the population in the area. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; children; fluorisis; dental care.

Marton, R. (1989) The White Robe as a Barrier, Association of Israeli-Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights. Abstract: The report describes some of the activities of AIPPHR since March of 1988. The report is critical of the Israeli Medical Association for its negative position regarding the heaith conditions and medical human rights violations in the Occupied Territories. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Occupied Territories; AIPPHR; health; health conditions; human rights.

Marton, R. and Moss, R. (eds) (1989) Report on Conditions of Health Services in the Gaza Strip.

41

The Association of Israeli and Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights, Tel Aviv. Abstract: The structure of the existing health care system, access to medical treatment, restrictions on development funds, conditions in refugee camps, the wounded during the uprising and in detention and restriction of physicians' activities are reviewed. It is concluded that, notwithstanding some improvements in health standards since the beginning of occupation, there has been stagnation in the development of health services. The withholding of medical services during the uprising as a means of punishment is criticized, as is the harassment of medical professionals and institutions. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; refugee camps; wounded; health standards; medical services; uprising; medical professionals; institutions.

Mash'al, J. (1990) Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the carers of Children Wlth Disabilities in the West Bank (Palestine). MSc dissertation, Institute of Child Health, University of London. · Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attRude and practices of carers of disabled children. Ninety-three disabled children were surveyed. All were enrolled in the UPMRC home-based rehabilRation program. Mothers were the principal care-takers o1 the surveyed disabled children. It was 10und that the presence o1 a disabled child in the family imposed restrictions and stress on the social activities of those who take care of them. The inability of disabled children to perform activities of daily life was found to be the main problem facing their care-takers. Considerable unnecessary time and money were spent on health services, because the condition of the disabled children was not adequately explained to their families. There was considerable discrepancy between carers' practices and their perception of suitable treatment. It is concluded that attRudes towards disabilRy · have changed in a positive direction and that advantage should be taken of this change to provide better support to the disabled people. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Palestine; West Bank; UPMRC; children; care-takers; families; rehabilitation policy; disabled; disabilities; physical therapy; rehabilitation; treatment.

Masterman, E.W.G. (ca. 1919) Hygiene and Disease in Palestine -- in modern and in Biblical Times. London: Palestine Exploration Fund, 69 p. · Abstract: The author chronicles common diseases and sanitary conditions in Palestine and Syria as recorded in the Bible and observed by European doctors at the turn of the century. The role of British influence is stressed to be beneficiary as "none did so much as Britain for the sick poor of the land." Modern hygienic regulations must be introduced if such diseases as malaria, small­pox, cholera, syphilis, leprosy and many more are to be curbed. As it is, social conditions, customs and superstitions perpetuate an absolute negligence of sanitary precautions. Keywords: Palestine; Syria; sanitary conditions; common diseases; history

Me Sweeney L. and Orth (1992) UNRWA'S Program of Emergency Medical Care in West Bank and Gaza, Sept. 1990 to April 1992. Abstract: A report of activities and observations with recommendations regarding further development in the work of UNRWA. Keywords: UNRWA-Medical Services; Refugees-Health Care.

42

Available from: Center for Engineering and Planning (CEP) Ramallah, West Bank.

Medical Committee for the Planning of Health Services in Judea and Samaria (1985)

Report of the Joint Planning Committee on Health Services. Abstract: The committee produced a statement of policy concerning health developmenl which, more or less, follows the lines of the Ministry of Health Annual Reports. The statement is also known as the "Adler Report". It comprises a list ol recommendations for PHC development, environment and sanitation, financing and health insurance, hospital planning, manpower development, and research, and an appendix listing various projects for which, external funding is to be sought. One controversial recommendation is the proposal to institute full compulsory health insurance for the whole population. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; manpower training programs; PHC; health insurance; hospital planning; hospitals.

Muheisen, A. (1987) A Study of Neonatal Hypothermia Admitted to Ramallah Hospital During Wmter 1986-87 and Planning of Health Education Program in the West Bank. Abstract: A questionnaire was given to mothers of 35 neonates who reported to the hospital and to a control group matched for gender, residence and place of delivery. Using the chi-square test there was a significant correlation between risk of neonatal hypothermia and prematurity, low birth weight, availability of electricity in the household, availability of hot water, swaddling, household size, birth order and failure to measure temperature. Sixty-two percent of th~ hypothermic neonates had pneumonia, 21% had septicemia, 7% had meningitis, 3% had urinary tract infection and 3% had tetanus. When asked why they had delayed taking their children to hospitals, 40% of the mothers said they had already been to a physician, and 77% said they did not know that their child was ill. Thirteen hypothermic children died, 11 had one or more infections, 8 had thrombocytopenia, 4 acidosis, 2 R.D.S., 2.marasmus and two had hypoglycemia. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; mother and child health; neonates; child delivery; hypothermia; birth weight; infections; tetanus; children; hospitals.

Nahas, H. (1987) Delivery and Outcome of Pregnancy who Come to Deliver at Ramallah Hospital Without any Previous Booking at Any Ante-natal Care Clinic During 1987. Abstract: A total of 704 patients were interviewed, of whom 13% had not attended any ante-natal clinic. Sixteen percent of infants were born with a weight of under 2.5 Kg. Of patients using ante-natal care, 28% used government MCH services and 32% used private clinic services. The author argues for the need for a better referral mechanism. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; health; mother and child health; ante-natal care; ante-natal clinic; infants; birth weight; private clinics.

Nashef, L., Abu Al-Rish, A. (1991) Acute Stroke in a Hospilalized Palestinian Population, Makased Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem.

43

Abstract: The authors conducted a survey on 88 patients who were admitted to Makased hospital for acute stroke. CT scanning was performed for 93% of the patients. Twenty-four percent of the scanned patients showed evidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Of those 18% were intracerebral. The report states that 34% of the patients with acute stroke had a history of diabetes mellitus which, for the most part, was untreated. In addition, 22% of the patients had a family history of diabetes mellitus. The authors conclude that there is need for a community-based screening program for diabetes mellitus. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Makased hospital; health; disease; diabetes.

Nashef, L., Thalji, A. (1991) Hepa~i~is B Serology Among ~he Palestinian Popula~ion, Makased Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem. Abstract: A sample of 778 persons under the age of 50 years was tested for anti-S and HBsAg using the ELISA technique. Fourteen cases tested positive for the HBsAg and 159 cases tested positive for anti-S. The main finding was that the prevalence of the HBsAg significantly rose with increasing age ot the tested persons, indicating that perinatal transmission played only a minor role in transmission. Gender, past jaundice, crowding, presence of latrine in household and water supply had no effect of the prevalence rates of either HBsAg or anti-s. The authors could not detect the main mode of transmission among the Palestinian population. They conclude that perinatal transmission of the disease is not of great significance. However, the authors suggest that since the disease is endemic in the area, a vaccination program for the whole population is justified. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; hepatitis; vaccination.

Neipris, Joseph (1981) Social Welfare and Social Services in Israel: Policies, Programs and Curren~ Issues. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 165 p. Abstract: In a chapter entitled "Health and Medical Services," the author outlines the structure of medical services and sources of funding, supplemented by statistical figures for 1978-79. In 1978, 7.3% of GNP was allocated to the health sector. The ratio of hospital beds to the population was significantly lower than in the West. Although the patient-doctor ratio was very high, there was a shortage of doctors in rural areas. No national health agency was set up because of political disagreements in the government. Services for handicapped persons and the mentally ill were often provided by voluntary organizations. Keywords: Israel; health services; medical services; effectiveness

Neufeldt, A.H. (1985) Repor~ on Services for Handicapped Persons in ~he Wes~ Bank and Gaza. (prepared for AID) Abstract: The report consists of a write-up of an AID commissioned visit in 1985 to the West Bank and Gaza in which AID supported projects were visited. A case is made for an overall plan for service development, for greater community participation, less concentration on constructing buildings, and more cooperation between institutions. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; AID; service development; handicapped persons; rehabilitation policy; disabled; disabilities; physical therapy.

Nimir, Issam and Aziz Samarah (1990) Child, Family, and Society Dar Al-Fikr Printers, Publishers and Distributors, Amman. 168 p. (in Arabic) Abstract: Information covering the relation between the child, his family, and his society to be used by parents and teachers. Keywords: Children; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, amman, Jordan.

No primary author (1989) "An Epidemic of Violence: Medical Rights Abuses in the West Bank and Gaza Strip." Health/PAC Bulletin, 19 (Fall 1989). Keywords: health; camps; protection; human rights; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Israel; refugees (Palestinian).

Obeid, Y., Acker, c., Ateeq, o., Abu Dahou, J. (1987) School Health Screening of School Children Aged 6 -12 Years and Evaluation of the Present School Health Srstem, Paper presented to the WHO health services research workshop, June 1987. Abstract: One thousand and ninety-four school children in the 6 and 12 year age groups were screened in localities in Ramallah and Hebron. The following are the results: * 6.1% needed eye glasses. * 1.4% had diseased eyes. * 14% had blocked ears and 2.1% had perforated tympanic membranes. * 6.7% had blood in urine. * 1% had undescended testicles. * 2.6% had blood in stools. * 15.4% had one or more type of intestinal parasites. The authors conclude by criticizing the current school health system. The efficacy of current screening examinations is questionable as only about two minutes are given for each student. A medical history cannot be taken from a six year old child. There is no follow-up mechanism. A new system is suggested which would include screening follow-up and health education. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Ramallah; Hebron; school children; health; mother and child health; school health system; parasites; health education.

Odeh, J. (1988) Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: The Influence of Certain Factors, including the Practice of Swaddling. A Study in the Village of Biddu, MSC Dissertation, London University. Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of 256 children under the age of three years was carried out in the village of Biddu in 1988. A highly significant correlation between swaddling and the presence of hip disorders was found. The prevalence of dislocated hips in swaddled children (n=157) was 10% as compared to 3% in non-swaddled children. The effect was even more pronounced when the duration of swaddling was taken into account. Twenty-eight percent of the children who were swaddled for more than 150 days had hip disorders. The author recommends that a health education program discouraging swaddling be established in the village. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Village of Biddu; swaddling; swaddled children; health; mother and child health; health education program.

Odeh, J. (1989) Health Conditions and Medical Care Journal of Refugee Studies 2,1: 70-74. Abstract: This paper criticizes the Israeli Government's position concerning health in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and characterizes health services and standards as unacceptable. The indicators used to support the argument

45

of the paper are infant mortality, physicians/population ratio and the Israeli military budgets on hospital beds per capita. The UPMRC is then described as a local response to these and other problems. (HDIPJ Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health standards; medical services; hospital beds; UPMRC.

Odeh, M. (1983) Evaluation of Special care of "At Risk" Children in the UNRWA Clinics in the West Bank, MSc thesis, Institute of Child Health, London University. Abstract: A similar study to that of Khalaf (1985) is described, covering nine West Bank refugee camps. Findings and recommendations are similar although mothers and staff knowledge was not as good in this study. 46.7\ of children admitted had never been visited at home. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; refugee camps; health; mother and child health; children.

Odes, H.S. and D. Fraser (1989-90) "Ulcerative colitis in Israel: epidemiology, morbidity, and genetics." Public Health Reviews, 17(4):297-319. Abstract: Ulcerative colitis is twice as common as Crohn's disease, and has increased in frequency in both sexes and in all ethnic sections of the Jewish population since 1960. Major regional differences in disease severity by sex and in the extent of colonic involvement were detected. Genetic and environmental causative factors are incompletely understood. The disease has become more prevalent in the Arab population. (UTLINKJ Keywords: Israel; ulcerative colitis; epidemiology; Jews

Odes, H.S., D. Fraser and L. Hollander (1989-90) "Epidemiological data of Crohn's disease in Israel: etiological implications." Public Health Reviews, 17(4):321-35. Abstract: This is a review of the public health aspects of Crohn's disease in Israel. An increase in frequency of Crohn's disease has occured in both sexes and in European- and American­born, Asian- and African-born,. and Israeli-born Jews. The disease is, however, less prevalent in Israel than in Jews living abroad, with the exception of European- and American-born Jews. Crohn's disease remains rare in the Arab population. [UTLINKJ Keywords: Israel; Crohn's disease; epidemiology; Jews

Palestine Human Rights Information Centre (1992) Targeting to Kill: Israel's Undercover Units The Centre for Policy Analysis on Palestine, Washington, DC, USA and The Palestine Human Rights Information Centre, Jerusalem. 49 p. Abstract: Description of activities and methods of Israeli undercover units, in 1991, case study and analysis and human rights implications. Keywords: Intifida; Human Rights; Israel. Available froa: Palestine Human Rights Information Centre -International, Chicago, USA.

Palestinian Red Crescent Association (1986) Report of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society to the World Heanh organization on the Health and Social Conditions of the Palestinian People in the Occupied Territories, 1986. WHO, Geneva. Abstract: A PLO/PRCS critique of Israeli health policy is presented. It is concluded that: occupation is the fundamental

46

obstacle to health development. It is argued that official Israeli figures are calculated to deceive and obscure and that any scientific analysis of Israeli figures would show them to be unrealistic, aiming to improve Israel's image. The report indicates that health provision shows patterns regional variation, and is particularly low in Jenin, Jericho and Tulkarm. The authors argue that Israeli policies of closing hospitals are intended to incite Palestinian emigration and that coordinated development of an integrated health services has been impeded by Israel. The authors note that a Palestinian study has shown an infant mortality rate of over 100/1000 live births, high prevalence of easily preventable diseases, unsystematic health education activities and inadequate MCH services. The authors also indicate that rural drinking water is polluted and that the health budget has been cut for the West Bank and Gaza and external assistance has been impeded by Israel. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza strip; Jenin; Tulkarm; Jericho; PLO/PRC; hospitals; emigration; health; health services; infant mortality; diseases; health education; drinking water; health budget.

Physicians for Human Rights (1988) The casualties of a conflict: medical care and human rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Physicians for Human Rights, Massachusetts. Abstract: The report presents the results of a fact-finding mission between February 4 and 12 1988 which investigated the medical consequences of "civil disturbance and police and military actions" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A major finding was that there was a systematic pattern of injury suggesting intent to injure by breaking limbs. In addition other problems were associated with use of high velocity rifles, teargas and rubber bullets. The local health care system was reportedly unable to deal with the massive scale of injury. Attention was drawn to the health consequences of prolonged curfews and to the long-term physical and psychological damage to the population. · Keywords: human rights; medical care; West Bank; Gaza Strip

Physicians for Human Rights (1989) The Casualties of a Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Physicians for Human Rights, Massachusetts, USA. Abstract: This report presents the results of a fact. finding mission which visited the Occupied Territories on February 4-12, 1988 aimed at investigating the medical consequences of "civil disturbance and police and military actions" which occurred in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The results proved that there was a systematic pattern of injuries which suggested the intention of causing injury by breaking limbs. Other problems detected were the use of high velocity bullets, tear gas and rubber bullets. The local health care system was unable to cope with the large number of injuries. The report also drew attention to the health consequences of prolonged curfews and to the long term physical and psychological damage to the population. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Occupied Territories; Palestinians; injured; health care; curfews.

Physicians for Human Rights (1990) Health Care in Detention: A Study of Israel's Treatment of Palestinians. Abstract: The authors discuss medical conditions of Palestinians in Israeli prisons. The study is based mainly on interviews with

47

ex-detainees as the PHR mission was denied access to most Israeli jails where Palestinians were held. The main findings are: a) There are doubts about whether physicians are free to make medical decisions without the interference of the security services. b) Israeli hospital physicians are not fulfilling their obligation to prevent physical abuse of Palestinian detainees. c) Environmental health and sanitation in some detention facilities are unacceptable. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; medical conditions; Israeli jails; medical conditions; detainees; detention facilities.

Planning and Research Center (1991) Health Status in the Gaza Strip. Excerpts Submitted by Dr. Zakaria Al-Agha to the European NGO Conference in the Occupied Territories July 5-7,1991. Abstract: Some background information about the Gaza Strip is presented. Health services and institutions in the Gaza Strip are listed (excluding the private sector). Health human resources are outlined together with a few indices of health. Deficiencies in medical equipment and personnel are pointed out and an outline of the required role of the NGO sector in the occupied territories is presented. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza strip; Jenin; Tulkarm; Jericho; health; health services; medical equipment; personnel; NGO's.

Policy Research Incorporated (1989) Health Care Facilities Feasibility Study: West BankjGaza, Policy Research Incorporated, Maryland, USA. Abstract: This report was commissioned as a us Agency for International Development consultancy, initially in relation to proposed hospital construction projects in Hebron and Gaza. The report goes beyond this and presents an evaluation of the health sector as a whole in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and puts forward a series of recommendations. Concerning health care needs it is concluded that previous improvements in health have been eroded over the past 2-5 years and that intifada related injuries present a new problem. It is recommended that USAID provide direct and indirect support to the private sector though not to the Israeli sector, and that developing a system to cope with intifada related injuries should be encouraged. Concerning health services it is concluded that there is a great deal maldistribution and shortage of hospital beds, and that the following should be supported: Patient's Friends Society Hebron multipurpose health facility, Ittihad Hospital expansion, Al-Ahli rehabilitation. The reports notes that there is a shortage of outpatient facilities, and that AID should support PHC/MCH center development. Both sectors should have proper needs assessment. Attention is drawn to the need for rehabilitation and mental health services. Concerning health equipment, the report draws attention to the existence of sophisticated diagnostic technologies in some centers, and to the need for a proper needs assessment and suitable training before more equipment purchase is supported. Attention is drawn to the low physician/population ratio, the need for more nurses, and the need for certain specializations. For planning purposes, the need for a comprehensive study of health service needs is repeatedly emphasized. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; PHC/MHC; injuries; intifada; hospitals; hospital beds; mental health services; equipment.

Porath, Y. (1971)

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Some Sociological and Economic Aspects of Refugee Camps in the West Bank. The Rand Corporation. Abstract: The report discusses the economic and social aspects of life in Jalazon, one of the West Bank's refugee camps. The study includes discussion on the traditional ties; leadership and influence within the refugee community and population of the camps, as well as the economic characteristic. Keywords: refugees-displaced persons (1976); refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; camps; economy; housing; health; human rights.

Porath, Y. (1974) A Refugee Camp in the Central West Bank. Tel Aviv: The Shiloh Centre for Middle Eastern and African Studies. Keywords: refugees-displaced persons (1967); refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; camps; economy; housing; health; human rights.

Powell, David (1990) "Immunization on the Move" Middle East Health, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1990, pp. 13-14. Abstract: Keywords: Public Health; Jordan Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Punamaki, R.L. (1990) "Impact of political change on the psychological stress process among West Bank Palestinian women." Medicine & War, 6(3):169-81. Abstract: This article reports the relationships between political change, personal factors and the psychological stress process among 40 West Bank Palestinian women. The women were tested in spring 1982 and in autumn 1985. The results on the roles of personal factors in the stress process show that younger women expressed more political worries and initiative on the Palestinian issue. [UTLINK] Keywords: West Bank; women; psychological adaptation

Punamaki, R.L. and R. Suleiman (1990) "Predictors and effectiveness of coping with political violence among Palestinian children." British Journal of Social Psychology, 29(Pt.1):67-77. . . Abstract: Relationships between exposure to political hardships, social-economic status and mother's psychological responses, and children's coping modes, were analysed among 66 Palestinian boys and girls aged 8-14 who lived in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The effectiveness of children's coping modes in protecting their mental health from the negative impact of political hardships was also analysed. The results showed that the more. children were exposed to political hardships, the more they employed active and courageous coping modes. Exposure to political hardships increased children's psychological symptoms, and none of the children's psychological coping modes were effective in mitigating this relationship. [UTLINK] Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; refugees; adolescence; psychological adaptation; mother-child relations

Qarain, Ahmad (1991) "Aqbat Jabar - Mukhayyam Al Muana Wal-Saber," [Aqbet Jaber Camp: Pain and Patience] Al-Usbou Al-Jadid, No. 65, pp. 30-32. Abstract: The above camp is in Jericho district. The article discusses the population, social activities, problems of water, unemployment, education and medical services. Keywords: Jericho; Refugee Camp; Pal. Refugees.

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Available from: Arab Studies Society, Jerusalem.

Queen Ali Jordan Social Welfare Fund (1989) Annual Report Queen Alia Jordan Social Welfare Fund, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Booklet with individual reports on social service centres, child welfare, women's welfare and rehabilitation programs, income generating and rural development projects, special education, financial sustainers. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Rapaport, Chanan, et al., (1976) Early Child Care in Israel, Gordon and Breach, New York. Abstract: The authors attempt to show how a national effort in Israel has been directed toward the care of all children and the large numbers of immigrant families during various historical eras. Such efforts have been made in parallel with internal sessions created by ethnic, religious and cultural barriers inside Israel. It is concluded that only a small percentage of the national child population of Israel are reared in the kibbutzim. On the other hand, for about 50\ of the child population of Israel little information is available specifically regarding "special" children from ethnic and religious minorities, institutionalized children and orphans. A deficiency in research programming at a national scale seems to be congruent with the absence of a type of policy planning in Israel for children of a longitudinal kind. Keywords: Israel; child welfare; child care; children.

Reiss, Nira (1991) The Health care of the Arabs in Israel, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Abstract: A study of the development of modern medical health services in Palestine until 1948 and in Israel. This book focuses on the interaction of state policy, class relations, voluntary organizations, and professional practice as they affect the level of participation of the Arabs in the emergent health system. Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Arabs; West Bank; Gaza; health; Arabs; medical health; class relations; policy.

Rennert, G. (1990-91) "Considerations in planning a national cancer control program -­the case of Israel." Public Health Reviews, 18(2):117-28. Abstract: The author concludes that a national cancer problem can best be improved by the adoption of a health policy -- based, multidisciplinary, global control approach to prevention, early detection, and treatment options -- within a practical financial framework. What is needed at this time is the recruitment of experts from the different disciplines involved in cancer control (scientific core) to construct a working structure. This working group will make a combined effort to collect the necessary data and then to develop recommendations for activity aimed at cancer control, according to the objectives set by governmental health authorities (political core). Keywords: Israel; health planning; neoplasms (prevention and control]

Report of the Joint Planning Committee on Health Services in Judea and Samaria - Submitted to the Director General of the inistry of Health, Jerusalem Military Governor of Judea and Samaria, Bet El, April 1985.

Abstract: Report on health care development needs for the population of Judea and Samaria (West Bank) until the year 1990.

50

Although a 1984 report to the World Health Organization showed that some improvements had been made in general health in Judea and Samaria, such as in the provision of hospital services, manpower training, supply, communicable disease control and environmental sanitation, much remained to be done. The report concludes that primary health care must be expanded to cover the entire population of these regions and that hospital services must be expanded both qualitatively and quantitatively under a universal health insurance plan with an increased government funding support. Participation of local senior health personnel and community representatives must also be increased to reflect the needs of the community. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West bank; Judea; Samaria; health; hospitals; disease; sanitation; health insurance.

Rizkallah, N. (1991) Nu~ri~ional S~a~us of Primary School Children in a Refugee Camp of ~he Wes~ Bank, Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of Al-Jalazon Refugee camp children and to investigate the factors which affect the nutritional status of these children. The following are the main findings: Thirty-two percent of the children suffered from stunting; Eighteen percent suffered from wasting; The prevalence rate of anemia was 18.8%; The prevalence rate of anemia was higher among girls than among boys and was not affected by the wealth of families. The prevalence of wasting and stunting varied with the wealth of the families. Children of poorer families had a prevalence of wasting of 42.5%; Filty-two percent of the stunted children did not consume animal protein on a regular basis. The wealth of the families also affected the type of diet which the children consumed. The educational level of the parents affected the nutritional status of their children. The prevalence of wasting and stunting was not affected by the frequency of eating at the UNRWA supplementary feeding center in the camp. However, poorer children utilized the center more than rich children. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence of wasting and mothers' awareness of the nutritional status of their children. The mothers of 71.2% of the wasted children and of 84.1% of the stunted children were not aware of their children's health status. The author concludes that children were entering school with a poor nutritional status and that no adequate interventions were applied to improve the nutritional status of children of school age. The following recommendations are made: Development of a regular monitoring system as a part of the school clinic records; Development of nutrition education curricula; Provision of meals at schools for elementary school children; Reintroduction of the UNRWA supplementary feeding program. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinian Refugees; West Bank; refugee children; nutritional staus; anemia; UNRWA; school age; anemic; diet; nutrition; malnutrition; children; feeding program.

Rosen, Bruce (1987) The Heal~h of ~he Israeli People: An In~erna~ional Comparison Based on ~he World Heal~h Organiza~ion's "Ouan~i~a~ive Indica~ors for ~he European Region." Jerusalem: Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Adult Human Development, 15 p. Abstract: This is a brief discussion of the health status, health behavior and health care resources in Israel as compared to selected European countries of similar size. It is found that the percentage of GNP allocated to health care in Israel is higher than the European average. A relatively high proportion of

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Israel's health resources are devoted to primary care and its hospital bed/population ratio is relatively low. Indicators of health status such as infant mortality and mortality from ischemic heart disease fall below the European average. The country's immunization record is good, but the data on access to care during pregnancy and the first year of life raise questions about the extent to which services are distributed equitably. Keywords: Israel; health care; statistics; health status

Roy, s. (1986) The Gaza Strip Survey. The West Bank Data Base Project, Jerusalem. Abstract: The survey includes a crRical review of health and health services in the Gaza Strip, taken mainly from secondary sources. Government annual per capRa expenditure on health care is estimated at $30 compared wRh $350 inside Israel. There is a useful discussion (p.75) of the issue of taxation, showing that Israeli revenue from direct and indirect taxation is substantially in excess of public expenditure for the Gaza Strip. For 1985 the net revenue for Israel is estimated at 30-40 million dollars. The book contains much useful background information on the Gaza Strip. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza Strip; health; government expenditure; health services.

Rubenberg, c. (1983) The Palestinian Liberation Organization: Its Institutional Infrastructure. Institute of Arab Studies. 66 pp. Keywords: Palestine Liberation Organization; refugees (Palestinian); diaspora; education; health; economy.

Rubenberg, c. (1990) "Medical care as a Political Weapon in the West Bank and Gaza." Middle East International, 370 (2 March 1990). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); health; West Bank; Gaza Strip; camps; protection; settlement-resettlement; Israel; human resources.

Rubenberg, Cheryl A., (1982) "The Palestine Liberation Organization: Its Institutional Infrastructure. IAS Monograph Series, Palestine Studies, No.1, belmont, Mass: Institute for Arab Studies. Abstract: A concise, scholarly study of the PLO's civilian institutions, including those involved in industrial, artistic, labour, social welfare, educational, and like matters. Keywords: Israel; Palestinian; PLO; civilian institutions; social welfare; educational; industrial; artistic.

Said, R.A. and Said, S.M. (1990) "Hypertension in Jordanian children: a retrospective analysis of 70 cases." Pediatric Nephrology, 4(5):520-2, Department of Medicine, Medical School, Jordan University, Amman. Abstract: Seventy patients, aged 1-20 years were seen at Jordan University Hospital with high blood pressure (BP) over a 3-year period. It was found that essential hypertension was only found in a small number of patients. others suffered from hypertension had other causes such as parenchymal diseases, reno-vascular lesions, renal transplatations, teenage pregancies, phaeochromocytoma, etc. [UTLINK] Keywords: Jordan; Jordanians; health; child; preschool; diseasse;

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illness; hypertension; children; high blood pressure

Saleh, Abdul Jawad (1990) Occupation and Drugs: A Study of the Role of the Israeli Occupation in Spreading Drugs among the Arab People of the Occupied Lands Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, London, U.K. (in Arabic), 95 p. Abstract: A study of the problem of drug abuse among the Arab people of Palestine, causes and solutions, and effects on children with a special attention to the role of the Israeli authorities in fighting the problem. Keywords: Children; Israel; Palestine; Health. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Salim, R., Khatib, I., Hilal, z., Abu El-Halawa, R. Pollution Levels of Drinking Water in Several Villages in Nablus Area and in the city of Hebron, Najah Research Journal 2,1 42-49. Abstract: Samples of drinking water were collected from several villages in the Nablus area and from the city of Hebron. The concentrations of Ni, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ca were determined using flame atomic spectroscopy and the results were compared with the maximum permined limits. Higher levels of Mn, Fe and Ca were found in some samples. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Nablus; Hebron; health; water and sanitation; drinking water; water pollution.

Samani, Dr. El Fatieh El-"Trip Report to Iraq for the Period 21-29 March 1991" Report for the Ministry of Health, Communicable Disease Control Centre, Jordan. 12 p •. Abstract: Visit to Baghdad and South West Iraq to provide support to epidemics, containment efforts, d~scribes conditions found, occurrences of disease, malnutrition, need for drugs, medical/pharmaceutical supplies. 12 p. Keywords: Children; Health. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Samarah, Adel, Odeh Shihadah (1988) Public Protection Kanaan Studies and Publication House, Damascus, Syria (in Arabic), 224 p. Abstract: Keywords: Palestine; Intifida. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Sande, H. (1992) "Palestinian martyr widowhood -- emotional needs in conflict with role expectations?" Social Science & Medicine, 34(6):709-17. Abstract: The phenomenon of martyrdom is described in the context of the Palestinian struggle, with emphasis on its implications at the psychosocial level. The situation of the martyr widows is discussed, with highlight on their difficult double role as mourning individuals under the pressure of social, religious, and political expectations. (UTLINK] Keywords: Lebanon; refugees; bereavement; psychological adaption; women

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Sarraj, E.R. and Lasch, E.E. (1984) Integration of Mental Health Services and the Community in Gaza, Presented to the Fourth International Congress of World Federation of Public Health Associations. Abstract: The system used by the department of psychological medicine in the Gaza Strip is described where family members are admitted to hospital with the patient and given training in home care techniques. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; health; psycho-social health; mental health services; family; home care.

Saunders, C.A. (1985) A Study of the Prevalence of Handicapped Conditions Affecting Children, and a Case Finding Intervention in the Refugee Camp Population of the Gaza Strip, Produced for the Society for the Care of Handicapped Children, Gaza. Abstract: A stratified survey was conducted of the Gaza Strip refugee camp population to establish the prevalence of handicaps amongst children. A total of 61,144 persons were included in the sample from all eight camps (27% of the total camp population). Fifty-nine percent of marriages were between first cousins. Findings concerning handicap conditions included the following: in the 0-5 years group 0.41% showed developmental delay, 0.1% showed severe developmental delay, 1.2% had severe mental handicap, 0.6% Down's syndrome, 0.13% epilepsy, 0.02% hydrocephalus, 0.02% spina bifida, 0.05% diplegia, 0.06% quadriplegia, 0.01% hemiplegia, 0.06% blind or partially sighted and 0.13% profound or severe hearing loss. Similar data was presented for the 6-15 age group. The findings are used to estimate the total number of handicap conditions in different age groups for the whole Gaza Strip. In a concluding discission of policy it is recommended that handicapped children be encouraged to remain within the normal school system, that the Society for the Care of the handicapped outreach program be developed, that access to mobility aids be improved, that a special school for the hearing impaired be established, that mental handicap services be expanded, that multiple handicap education be provided and that some residential care be considered. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Gaza Strip; Refugee camp; handicapped children; children; handicap conditions; school

· children; mental handicap services; handicap education; handicapped persons; rehabilitation policy; disabled; disabilities; physical therapy.

Sawalha, Leah Frances (1991) An Educational Approach to the Presumed Increase of Nutrition Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Young Women and Children in Jordan Thesis for Master's Degree of Public Health Nursing, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, 291 p. Abstract: Identifies causes of nutritional iron deficiency within the population for which data is available, role of increased poverty and indigenous dietary practices identified, education and implementation program included. Keywords: Public Health; Jordan; Women. Available from: Leah Sawalha, Amman, Jordan.

Shahin, s., Azaneh, M., Arqoub, O.A. (1987) Prevalence of 5 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Use for Prevention and Control Among Government Teachers of West Bank Aged (30-59) • Abstract: All teachers in government schools aged 39 - 50 years

54

(n = 1044, 91% response rate) were surveyed for presence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and family history of hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases and strokes. 5.4% suffered from systolic hypertension (defined as > 150 mm Hg) and 10% suffered from diastolic hypertension (defined as> 95 mm Hg). In both cases, males had a higher prevalence of hypertension than females (5.4% vs. 4.8% and 12.2% vs. 6.3% respectively). The authors did not specify a cutoff point for fasting blood sugar which would indicate diabetes. 11.8% of teachers had an FBS of more than 110 mg% and 6.9% had an FBS of more than 115 mg%. 7.8% of male teachers and 13.2% of female teachers were overweight as defined by a body mass index of more than 31. Twenty-eight percent were current smokers, 12% never smoked and 60% had smoked but given up smoking. In the conclusion the authors note that the medical significance of the chosen cutoff points is unclear, however, they suggest the presence a general health problem. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; disease; hypertension; diabetes; obesity; smoking; heart diseases; cardiovascular diseases.

Shami, Seteny (1990) Child Care and The Family in ~he Con~ex~ of Urban Developmen~ Projec~: A Case S~udy from Squa~~er Areas in Amman, Jordan Centre for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of Anthropology and Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University. Abstract: Examination of effects of upgrading projects on social relations and the long term effect of physical and social changes on the child. social burdens of women. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Infrastructure. Available froa: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Shaw, Sue (1989) "Suffering Under David's Star: Jewish Israelis and Palestinians are Locked in a Struggle over Land." New In~erna~ionalis~, (199), Sptember, pp. 4-6. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Self-determination.

Shoham-Yakubovich, I., J.S. Pliskin and D. Carr (1991) "The impact of a health education course on maternal knowledge: a comparative study in a low socioeconomic rural region." Heal~h Educa~ion Quar~erly, 18(1):145-50. Abstract: A comprehensive health education course was designed for mothers in West Bank villages, a relatively low socioeconomic population. The course focused on nutrition, hygiene, child development, and first aid. To evaluate the contribution of the course, the level of knowledge in topics taught in the course was tested. The test was administered to 241 course participants and to a comparison group of 284 mothers who had not participated. The two most significant predictors of knowledge were course participation and level of maternal formal education. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; health education; evaluation studies

Shoham-Yakubovich, I., J.s. Pliskin and D. Carr (1990) "Infant feeding practices: an evaluation of the impact of a health education course." American Journal of Public Health, 80(6):732-4. Abstract: This article is an assessment of a health education course on infant feeding practices in the West Bank territories by comparing mothers who had attended the course (n = 102) with

55

mothers not exposed to the course (n = 133). Course participants were more likely than non-participants to breastfeed, as well as to start supplementation by semi-solid foods at the recommended time. [UTLINK] Keywords: West Bank; breastfeeding; health education

Shye, D. Javetz R. and Shuval, J. T. (1991) "Lay self-care in health: the views and perspectives of Israeli laypeople." Social Science & Medicine, 33(3):297-308, Kaiser Permanente Centre for Health Research, Portland, Oregon. Abstract: A random sample of 407 Israel laypeople was interviewed about several dimensions of their attitudes toward lay self-care in health. The dimensions studied were perceptions of laypeople's motives in undertaking self-care, views regarding the division of responsibility for individual health between laypeople and professionals, and options regarding the effects of lay autonomy and initiatives in health care and seven specific self-care behaviours. These attitudes were analyzed in relation to sociodemographic and health-related variables. The findings suggest that Israeli laypeople take a medically-dependent view of health care, and indicate that self-care in health is not a particularly salient or widely advocated behaviour. This research complements previous studies on Israeli physicians and allied health professionals' attitudes toward self-care. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; Israelis; health; laypeople; self-care; health behaviour

Shye, D., Javetz, R. and Shuval J. T. (1990) "Patient Initiatives and physician-challenging behaviours: the views of Israeli health professionals." Social Science & Medicine, 31(7):719-27, Programme in Medical Sociology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. Abstract: THe views of Israeli phys~cians, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and medical social workers were compared regarding patient behaviours which express autonomy and initiative in the doctor-patient interaction. The data show that these professionals do not view such behaviours positively. Gender is relevant to the physicians' views and allied health professionals express less negative views than the physicians. There is. overall agreement among the different professional groups about the relative acceptability of these behaviours. Those which threaten the physicians' dominance in the process of diagnosis and prescription of treatment are rejected outright, while others are tolerated but not accepted. The findings are interpreted in the light of the status-related motives of Israeli health professionals. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; health; health personnel; physician-patient relations; medical staff

Simhan, A., A. Lifshitz, Y. Abed, E.E. Lasch, B. Schaub and A. Morag (1990)

"How to predict the immune status of poliovirus vaccinees? A comparison of virus neutralization at a very low serum dilution versus ELISA in a cohort of infants." In~erna~ional Journal of Epidemiology, 19(1):164-8. Abstract: A cohort of children from Gaza was observed from birth to the age of one year. Blood specimens were collected at birth, before and after poliovirus vaccination and at one year of age. Poliovirus immunity before and after vaccination was assessed by ELISA and virus neutralization. As for other developing areas, poliomyelitis eradication in Gaza will come about when umiversal

56

vaccination fills all 'immunity gaps' and improved sanitation and housing reduces the endemicity of wild polioviruses. [UTLINK] Keywords: Gaza; polio epidemiology; immunization studies

Simhon, A., Y. Abed, B. Schoub, E.E. Lasch and A. Morag (1990) "Rotavirus infection and rotavirus serum antibody in a cohort of children from Gaza observed from birth to the age of one year." International Journal of Epidemiology, 19(1):160-3. Abstract: Rotaviruses were studied in a cohort of children from Gaza, during their first year of life. Surveillance was effected through visits to the local health clinic by parents and infants, and to a lesser extent, field workers' home visits. Of the 130 diarrhoea episodes in the cohort, only 6.9% were rotavirus­associated. However, 59.2\ of cohort children had rotavirus serum antibodies by one year of age. The data indicate that rotavirus excretion in Gazan children tends to be asymptomatic during the first year of life. (UTLINK] Keywords: Gaza; rotavirus epidemiology; cohort study

Simon, Jan (1980) Middle East Health -- the Outlook after 30 Years of WHO assistance in a changing region. Alexandria: The World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranian, 133 p. Abstract: This is a general overview on the triumph of Western medicine in the Middle East from Tunisia to Pakistan, and from Cyprus to Somalia. Topics include the fight against malaria and smallpox, health manpower and social change, primary health care development in rural areas, and the introduction of modern technology. There is no index. Keywords: World Health Organization; Middle East; health care development; history

Slater, P.E. and c. Costin (1989-90) "Trends in human immunodeficiency disease in Israel." Public Health Reviews, 17(4):269-77. Abstract: A total of 144 cases of AIDS and 28 cases of AIDS­related complex (ARC) were reported to the Israel Ministry of Health for the period 1980-1990. The rate of increase in the annual incidence rate of AIDS has been lower in Israel than elsewhere, but trends in the distribution of risk groups among cases are similar to what has been seen in other Western countries. Increased efforts will be needed in the development and delivery of specific targeted educational programs in.the 1990s. (UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; AIDS epidemiology; risk factors

Slater, P.E., c. Costin, M. Seidenbaum, s. Ever-Hadani (1990-91) "Epidemiology of human brucellosis in Israel." Public Health Reviews, 18(2):159-69. Abstract: Since 1950, brucellosis incidence has always been substantially higher in non-Jews than in Jews, and despite a marked increase in incidence among non-Jews since 1984, incidence in Jews has remained very low. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates point to unpasteurized milk and dairy products as the main vehicles of infection in recent years. Besides veterinary vigilance in controlling animal brucellosis, the public must be educated to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized milk products, and regulations to prevent the marketing and distribution of such products need to be strictly enforced. (SLA] Keywords: Israel; human brucellosis; epidemiology; ethnic groups

Slater, P.E., M. Roitman and c. Costin (1990-91)

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"Mumps incidence in Israel -- impact of MMR vaccine." Public Health Reviews, 18(1):88-93. Abstract: Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine replaced measles vaccine in the routine childhood vaccination schedule in Israel in December 1988, primarily to eliminate congenital rubella syndrome. In the three years since the introduction of MMR vaccine, reported mumps incidence has fallen to less than 10% of the pre-vaccine period. It would be imprudent, however, to predict that mumps outbreaks will not occur in the future, and further observation of morbidity data will be needed to determine the magnitude and durability of the observed trend. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; measles, mumps and rubella; prevention and control; MMR vaccine

Smith, c. (1985) Bacterial Quality of Drinking-Water in Seven Villages in the Hebron Region. Abstract: Water samples were collected at random from households in the villages and from the main water sources, and were analyzed for fecal coliform contaminations following the standard WHO procedure for fecal enumeration. The piped chlorinated water supplies were free from dangerous bacterial contaminations. The majority of cisterns, however, revealed fecal contamination, which, by WHO standards, rendered them unfit as drinking-water sources. Nevertheless, many villagers interviewed preferred to drink from their cisterns rather than from the chlorinated supply where available. It is recommended that where a chlorinated supply is present the villagers be encouraged to drink from this source. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Hebron; health; water and sanitation; drinking water; contamination; water pollution.

Smith, c. ( 1985) Fecal Coliform Concentrations of Cistern and Stored Household Water in the Palestinian Vilbge of Abu Shkhaydim. Abstract: The fecal pollution of drinking-water in the Palestinian village of Abu Shkhaydim was studied by measuring fecal coliform concentrations in the cisterns and in stored household water. The average quality of 75 cisterns was 5.01 fecal coliforms/100 ml. The average fecal coliform concentration in cisterns with electric pumps was lower than in cisterns where buckets were used for removal of water (7.61 and 2.61 fecal coliforms/100 ml respectively). The difference in fecal coliform concentrations between stored household water and cistern water was greater in households using bucket removal (28.25 fecal coliforms/100 ml) compared to pump removal. Differences were significant at the 90% confidence limit, but not the 95% level. Washing of the cistern the previous summer and the distance between latrines and cisterns had no measured influence on fecal coliform concentrations. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Abu Shkhaydim; health; water and sanitation; drinking water; contamination; water pollution; cisterns; household water.

Smith, c. (1986). Statistical Report: Disease Diagnoses at Birzeit Women's Charitable Society During One Year: 1 October 1984 to 30 September 1985, Birzeit University Community Health Unit, 18 pages. Abstract: The report analyses a total of 6,781 diagnoses at the above clinic during a single year, and presents cross-tabulations by age, gender, village and month. Aggregate results were as follows: 35% respiratory diseases, 12.3% gastrointestinal

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diseases, 9.7% musculoskeletal diseases, 9.2% urinary infections and 7.8% skin complaints. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Birzeit; health; health care; epidemics; infectious disease; women; disease.

Smith, c. (1987) Health Development in the Gaza Strip: the Case for the Support of Local Groups. Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Abstract: Activities of health organizations in the Gaza Strip are summarized, including the government, UNRWA and local NGO sectors. Attention is drawn to the figures indicating that public expenditure by the government sector in Gaza is only half of the total income from taxation of the Gaza people. Restrictions on health development imposed by the military authorities are also discussed. Finally the case is argued for the support of local Palestinian health organizations if an approach to primary health care which involves full participation of the local community is to be promoted. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza Strip; health; health organizations; health care; community.

Smith, c. (1987) Water supply, sanitation and Health in the West Bank, Birzeit University Communny Health Unit. Abstract: A summary of information concerning water supply, sanitation and health in the West Bank is presented, drawing on other published data, and previous water quality and environmental studies conducted by the Birzeit University Community Health Unit. Data from water quality surveys including piped supplies, rain-fed cisterns, springs and open canals are presented in which the level of fecal contamination was estimated using the fecal coliform index. The main forms of excreta disposal in use are reviewed. Finally the implications for health and health development are discussed. It is argued that the health benefits of making piped water available to villages would be greater if combined with planning for sanitation and environmental improvement. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; health development; villages; water and sanitation; water quality; water supply; community health unit; environment; contamination; drinking water; contamination; water pollution.

Smith, c., Barghouthi, M., Daibes, I., Shbayta, A. (1990) The West Bank Rural PHC Survey, Interim Report 1: The Jenin area. The Health Development Information Project. Abstract: The report comprises the first part of a survey of PHC services and facilRies in the Occupied TerrRories. The principal goal of the survey is to provide information about the Palestinian PHC sector to improve planning, coordination and development. Basic background information about the rural communties of the Jenin district is presented including population size, water and sanitation facilties, electricity supply and transportation services. Concerning health services distribution, the numbers of each type of clinic and PHC facilRy are presented. The services which the clinics provided are also presented in detail. A special section is dedicated to health manpower in the rural communRies of the district. some information about health services in Jenin town are outlined in the appendix. The total rural population of the district was about 196,000 persons living in 70 communities. The public services in the district were far from being adequate; 23% of the population had 24-hour electricity and 30% of the communities had telephones. Ninety-nine rural

59

clinics were identified and surveyed. In general the services which were provided by the clinics were poor and reflect poor planning and coordination between the PHC institutions. Thirty-eight percent of the rural clinics lacked soap and towels and 27% did not have sinks. The main characteristic of this report is that it is solely based on field investigation where every community and every clinic were visited and assessed. Based on the field investigation, the authors outline a system for better PHC services distribution based on maximizing accessibility to services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza Strip; Jenin; health; health care; health services; public services; clinics; communities; rural population.

Smith, c. September (1991). Socioeconomic Status, Drug Utilization and Effectiveness for Helminthiases in a Palestinian Refugee Camp in the Gaza Strip. Abstract: A survey was conducted of helminthiases in a Gaza Strip refugee camp comprising 447 children aged 1-120 months. Children of white collar workers were more likely to have been treated for helminthiases during the six months preceding the study than children of blue collar workers (40% vs. 22%). Children of white collar workers had a lower prevalence rate and mean intensity of infection for both trichuriasis and ascariasis than children of blue collar workers. However, children for whom treatment was reported within the last 6 months did not have a lower prevalence or intensity of either infection than children who were reported as never treated. The report concludes that the lower prevalence and intensity of helminthiases cannot be attributed to differences in medicine use, and that there is strong evidence of

·inappropriate use of anti-helminth medicines. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; health; health care; children; blue collar workers; white collar workers; helminthiasis; epidemics; infectious disease.

Sofer, Tsipporah, John R. Goldsmith and Lea Katz (1988) Does Childhood Leucaemia Cluster Around the Nuclear Installation in the Negev? Beer-Sheva: Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Abstract: Reviewing British data shows that clusters of childhood leucaemia appear to be frequent in the vicinity of nuclear installations. Based on data obtained from the Israel Cancer Registry, we have examined childhood leucaemia incidence in the Southern region among Jews and Bedouin, using cases from 1960 till 1978 and the 1972 census data. Preliminary data do not suggest that clusters of childhood leucaemia indeed occur around the nuclear installation in the Negev. (ISE) Keywords: Israel; childhood leucaemia; epidemiology; nuclear installations

Strulov, A., L. Epstein et al. (1989) Infant Mortality (IM). An Epidemiological Approach to the Reduction of Differences between the Arab and Jewish Population. Haifa: Dept. of Family & Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Technion & Kupat Holim. Abstract: Differences exist in IM within the same geographical area in certain districts in Israel, e.g. the Western Galilee which has about 300,000 Arab and Jewish inhabitants. comprehensive data have been collected on hospitalizations, births and deaths, infections ets. from various sources. During 1988, 153 cases of IM were recorded. The tendency of a rate in Arabs twice that of Jews continued. Infections dropped markedly while

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an increase was found in congenital malformations and prematurity. In almost 50% of cases the specialist committee changed the main cause of death as reported on the death certificate after thorough investigation. This problem raises the question of the validity of death certificates as a source of information for health services planning. (ISE] Keywords: Israel; infant mortality; ethnic groups; health services planning

Sundsvold, E. (1989) Possible Preventive Strategies For Adoption in the West Bank, MSc Thesis in Dental Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of London. Abstract: An oral health survey was conducted in the West Bank during 1986-1987. Based on the results of the survey, some preventative strategies are suggested. The feasibility of applying dental caries prevention in the West Bank is discussed in light of the general health conditions, health awareness of the population, sanitation, health services provision and the structure of the health care system in the West Bank. A sample of 314 patients attending the UPMRC mobile dental unit in nine communities was selected. The survey was conducted using the WHO oral health and treatment manual (1977). A high incidence of dental caries was observed. The DMFT index for children under six years of age was 5.392, for children aged 6-14 years, it was 3.52 and for the age group of 15-18 years H was 7.422. Among patients aged less than 36 years, most of the oral defects were untreated. The D component was 5.314 for the under sixes, 3.266 for the age group of 6-14 years and 2.810 for the age group of 15-18 years. Ninety-eight percent of the surveyed patients required periodontal treatment. Eighteen percent of the sample had some form of dentofacial anomalies and 76.4% of the sampled patients did not receive any form of dental care during the 12 months which preceded the survey. The author concludes that the general dental awareness of the population was very low. Considering the general conditions in the area, a large increase in the number of highly trained personnel is not feasible. What is suggested·instead is that dental health promotion be incorporated with general health care provision by training ancillary personnel and developing dental health education curricula for school children. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; health; dental health; caries; preventable disease; children.

Tamari, s. and Giacaman, R. (1980) The Social Impact of Drip Irrigation on a Palestinian Peasant Community in the Jordan Valley, Birzeit University Documentation and Research Center. Abstract: A survey of social and health conditions was conducted in a small village in the Jordan Valley. The report comprises one study of the social and economic structure of the village and the effects of the new irrigation technology, and a second covering health conditions in the village. None of the houses had a potable water supply and only one had a latrine. Infant mortality was estimated at 102 per 1000 live births. Sixty-six childre under five years of age were sampled for height and weight. Fifty-two percent were underweight (height for weight using McLaren and Read standards). other factors investigated included feeding habits and traditional healing practices and beliefs. Recommendations made for health development in the village. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Jordan Valley; drip irrigation; social impact; health; health conditions; potable water; children;

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feeding habits; healing practices; beliefs; health development; villages; water and sanitation.

Tamer Institute for Community Education (undated) Trea~men~ of Sewage Wa~er, a Me~hod Appropria~e fo Rural and Semi­rural Areas (Arabic) Abstract: A sewage treatment and disposal system iS described which is appropriate for use in rural areas of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip where sewage disposal networks are not available. The total cost of one unit is estimated at $ 480 us. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; rural; semi-rural areas; sewage; sewage disposal; health; water and sanitation.

The Association of Israeli-Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights (1990)

Annual Repor~, AIPPHR Abstract: The report consists of five sections describing a survey of health services in the districts of Jenin and Nablus. A comparison with the health services in Tel-Aviv is provided. According to the report, since August 1988, there was a sharp reduction in the number of hospitalization days provided in Israeli hospitals to West Bank and Gaza patients. It concludes that there is a strong neglect in the provision of health services to the Palestinian population by the Israeli authorities. A summary of medical aspects of human rights violations in the Occupied Territories and a summary account of Al-Aqsa mosque massacre is also presented. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Jenin; Nablus; West Bank; Gaza; Tel-Aviv; Palestinians; health; medical aspects; human rights violations; Al-Aqsa.

The Belgian Medical Mission (1989) The Belgian Medical Mission in Palestine 15th-22nd January, 1989: A concise report, BMM. Abstract: A Belgian medical mission documented the thousands of severe uprising-related injuries and the strains placed on local medical institutions. The medical community is urged to call on Israel to put an end to unacceptable practices. Keywords: Uprising-Related Injuries; West Bank; Gaza Str~p

The Union of Palestinian medical Relief Committees (1990) Objec~ives, Organiza~ion, and Ac~ivi~ies 1979-1990~ Jerusalem. Abstract: Informative brochure prepared by UPMRC (The Union of Pa.lestinian Medical Relief Committees on this organization's work in providing health care assistance to Palestinians in villages and refugee camps throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip from 1979 to 1990. Summarized information is presented on topics such as health under Israeli occupation; health problems; mobile health care; health centres; health education programmes; physiotherapy and rehabilitation; emergency work and; Israeli harassment toward volunteer workers. Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; · UPMRC; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health care; health centres; health education programmes.

The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees (UPMRC) Newsletter (1992)

UPMRC Newsletter, No.17, April, Jerusalem. Abstract: Informative newsletter about The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees. This particular issue features articles on the present and future operation plans of the organization; health care training programmes; training in midwifery and; a case

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study of a 15 year old boy victim of the Israeli occupation in the Gaza town of Rafah. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; UPMRC; health; health care training programmes.

The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees West Bank and Gaza Strip (1987)

An Overview of Health Conditions and Services in the Israeli Occupied Territories, Jerusalem, August 1987. Abstract: An overview of the health conditions in the Israeli Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Begins by reviewing indices traditionally used to assess health conditions and services such as infant mortality; nutritional status among children; disease; hospital facilities; etc., in the specific context of the conditions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and ends by outlining principles which aim at supporting and developing the health service sector in these territories. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health conditions; health service.

The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees (UPMRC) Newsletter (1991)

UPMRC Newsletter, No.lS, April-September, Jerusalem. Abstract: Informative newsletter about The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees. This particular issue features articles on Israeli assaults on health clinics; UPMRC Health Fairs and; community based rehabilitation. Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; UPMRC.

The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees (UPMRC) Newsletter (1990)

UPMRC Newsletter, No.lS, April-September, Jerusalem. Abstract: Informative newsletter about The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees. This particular issue features articles on community health work school; health care services in Jenin; health centres; diarrheal diseases and their management. Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Jenin; health; UPMRC; health care; health centres; diseases.

The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees (1987) An Overview of Health Conditions and Services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. UPMRC, Jerusalem. Abstract: Selected indicators of health and health service provision are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the neglect of the PHC sector, the failure of the government health insurance program, the unequal distribution of health services and the absence of local coordination. The "duality" of modern and developing country disease patterns and the problem of dependency are discussed. Finally suggestions are made concerning policies for supporting the health sector. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; west Bank, Gaza Strip; health; health insurance; health services; disease; health sector.

The Women's Research Council (1990) The Family and Intifida The Women's Research Council, Nablus, Palestine (in Arabic), 146 p. Abstract: A socio-economic study of the city of Nablus with regard to demography, education, health, social relations, economy. Keywords: Palestine; Health; Education. Available froa: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

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Thomson, I.M., Chumley, L.C. (1984) "Eye Disease in the West Bank and Gaza Strip," British Journal of Ophthalmology, 68:598-602. Abstract: A random sample of 9,548 Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip was selected and 9, 054 were examined for visual acuity and trachoma. The prevalence of low visual acuRy was 6.8% and binocular blindness 1.7%. Principal causes of blindness were cataract, trachoma and corneal leucoma. Trachoma was detected in 28.4% of the sample. The report concludes that the high levels of binocular blindness and low visual acuity are preventable by provision of proper services. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; ophthalmology; eye disease; blindness; trachoma; leucoma.

Toubasi, N., Shunnar, A., Abdul Jabbar, s., Abu Munshar, J. (1987) Improving Attendant and Delivery Coverage in the West Bank Abstract: A questionnaire was administered to women registered as giving birth in the Hebron and Nablus areas between March 3 and March 20 of 1987. Fifty-one percent of deliveries were in institutions and 49% were at home. Fifty-two percent of the women had some kind of ante-natal care. There was a significant correlation between fathers' and mothers' education and ante-natal care utilization. Forty-two percent of the mothers got ante-natal care at private clinics and 34% used government MCH centers. Twenty-four percent of the mothers had health insurance. Nevertheless, 32% of insured mothers opted for home delivery. Mothers who had received ante-natal care were more likely to have had an institutional delivery than those who had not received ante-natal care. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Hebron; Nablus; health; mother and child health; birth; ante-natal care; private clinics; health insurance; institutional delivery.

Tulchinsky, T., Friedman, J.B., Acker, A., (et al.) (1990) "Tetanus in Israel, Judea/Samaria and Gaza, 1968-89: Progress and Challenge", Israel Journal of Medical Science, 26 (8):438-442. Abstract: Although during the 1950's tetanus was a·makjor public health concern in Israel, rates have declined considerably since then. In Judea/Samaria and Gaza a successful vaccination programme reaching up to 90% of infants and schoolchildren and educational programmes have been responsible for a major decline in the incidence of tetanus in these territories. The increase in the number of hospital deliveries and the widespread immunization of pregnant women and adloescent girls of childbearing age has contributed to the prevention of tetanus in Judea/Samaria and Gaza. Special efforts were given tothe education of traditional birth attendants (dayas) and the prevention of adult tetanus was achieved through the immunization of high school students and labourers. Recent cases in all three areas are equally distributed between newborns and elderly persons. The persistence of the incidence of tetanus calls for a review of Israel's immunization policy focusing on high risk groups such as Bedouin women of childbearing age and the elderly. [IJMS) Keywords: Israel; Judea/Samaria; West Bank; Gaza; tetanus; tetanus incidence; health; disease; tetanus control; immunizations; vaccines; children; Bedouin; women.

Tulchinsky, T. H., Abed, Y., Shaheen, s., (et al.) (1989) "A Ten-Year Experience in Control of Poliomyelitis through a Combination of Live and Killed Vaccines in Two Developing Areas", American Journal of Public Health, December 1989, 79 (12):1648-1652. Abstract: The article describes a successful programme of

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polyomyelitis control using a combination of killed and live polio vaccines over a ten-year period in two developing areas, the West Bank and Gaza, adjacent to a relatively developed country, Israel. Notwithstanding the fact that during the 1970's immunizations of live trivalent oral vaccines (OPV) were used covering more than 90% of the infant population, the incidence of paralytic polio continued to be high. It was thought that this was caused by an interference of the OPV take with other enteroviruses present in the environment due to poor sanitary conditions in these areas. A new policy combining five doses of the OPV with two doses of inactivated polio vaccine ( IPV) were adopted and implemented in 1978. In the ten years since then, immunization coverage of infants increased to an estimated 95% and paralytic poliomyelitis has been controlled, despite exposure to wild poliovirus from neighbouring countries including Israel where an outbreak occurred in 1988. The article concludes that this experience suggests that a wide coverage using a combination of IPV and OPV is an effective vaccination policy that may make eradication of polio possible even in developing areas. [AJPH] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; poliomyelitis; immunizations; diseases; health; vaccines; sanitary conditions; infants; polio.

Tulchinsky, T.H., Abed, Y., Ginsberg, G. (et al.), (1990) . "Measles in Israel, The West Bank and Gaza: Continuing incidence and the Case for a New Eradication Strategy", Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 12 (5):951-957. Abstract: Epidemic waves of measles continue to occur in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank causing morbidity and mortality. In spite of increased immunization rates which started in the early 1970's, by the 1980's it became evident that the cycle of measles epidemics became more frequent. Based on this evidence, the article suggests that for Israel to succeed in eradicating measles by 1992, a substantially expanded immunization programme will be required in contrast to the traditional programme which requires infant immunization only. A two-dose immunization strategy requiring booster doses to school-aged children is suggested to achieve control and eradication of measles. [RID] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; measles; immunizations; immunization campaigns; epidemics. ·

Tulchinsky, T.H., I. Levine, R. Abrookin and R. Halperin (1988) "Waterborne enteric disease outbreaks in Israel, 1976-1985." Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 24(11):644-51. Abstract: Israeli experience with waterborne disease outbreaks in the decade 1976-85 is reviewed. Community water systems accounted for 52 outbreaks. Total cases reported in these outbreaks were 7,681 for the period between 1976 and 1980, and 10,880 for the period between 1981 and 1985. The waterborne disease outbreaks were mostly due to secondary contamination of water systems due to human error and poor maintenance. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; disease outbreaks; water microbiology; water supply

Tulchinsky, T.H., Y. Zohar, E. Goldenberg and R. Halperin (1988) "Microbiologic drinking water quality in Israel: standards, monitoring, and treatment." Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 24(11) :652-9. Abstract: Drinking water quality depends on standards, monitoring and treatment. Israel's microbiologic water standards are less stringent than those currently recommended internationally. Poor water quality continues to be a public health problem in Israel, and

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has contributed to a relatively high incidence of waterborne disease. Current international guidelines recommend filtration and chlorination, particularly for surface water and other contaminated sources. Israel should make this a major public health priority. [UTLINK] Keywords: Israel; public health; drinking water quality

Turki, F. (1972) The Disinherited: Journal of a palestinian Exile. New York and London: Monthly Review Press. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); camps; economy; health; human rights; self-government; refugee categories; diaspora.

UNFPA/Jordan and the National Population Commission (1991) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1990 A study prepared by the National Population Commission, vol. 1, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 297 p. Abstract: Highlights all studies on the population of Jordan that took place from 1980-1990 and covers the work force, mortality rates, education, migration, family and marriage, population, health, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Demography; Education; Health. Available from: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) The Health of the Mother and Child Population A paper prepared by Makram Nisheiwat, Adbul Rahim Jala and Najwa Khori and presented to the Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 139 p. Abstract: A study of mother and child health care in Jordan regarding deaths, diseases, nutrition and child feeding and other related topics, health education for mothers. Keywords: Health; Jordan; Children; .Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA, Jordan and The National Population Commission (1991) Population and Health Services Paper prepared by Adnan Abbas, Ahmad Malkawi, and Abdul Rahim Al Maayta for a Conference on Population and the Basic Needs in Jordan, Amman, Jordan, September 24-26, 1991 (in Arabic), 74 p. Abstract: A study that covers health services in Jordan and a projection of future needs with statistics. Keywords: Health; Jordan; Social Development; Demography. Available from: National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

UNFPA/Jordan in cooperation with the National Population Commission (1991) Population and Health Services A final report prepared by Anan Abbas, Ahmad Malkawi, and Abdul Rahim Al Maaita for the Conference on Population and Basic Needs in Jordan, September 24-26, 1991, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic). Abstract: A study of the situation of health services in Jordan and a projection of the basic health needs until 2005 with statistics and recommendations. Keywords: Public Health; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Assignment Children (ed.) (1984) Going to Scale: For Child Survival and Development. UNICEF, Assignment Children Publication 65/68. Abstract: Journal of essays pertaining to children, women and youth on the subject of expanding child survival, guide to action,

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communication methodology and case studies, annotated bibliography. Keywords: Health; Children. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1989) "The Situation of Palestinian Children and Women in Jordan" Monograph, internal report prepared for UNICEF, Jordan office, 24 p. Abstract: Description of the subject group, Jordanian national context, statistics on population density, disease, labour force, health, sanitation, and UNICEF'S possible role. Keywords: Children; Women; health; Jordan; Demography. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan (1992) "Working Paper on the Environment and Children in Jordan" Paper prepared by Hussein Shakhatrah and Hussein Khandak for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan, 28 P· Abstract: Paper identifies government and private sectors involved in environmental protection, the legislative environment, and the influence of home, school and public environment on children; obstacles and problems for future strategies. Keywords: Children; Environment; Jordan; Public Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office The Health Sector A working paper presented for the National Conference for Children prepared by Hani Shammout, Bassam Hijawi, and Hind Al-Khatib, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 23 p. Abstract: A paper that covers the situation and health needs of Jordanian children, identify the most important problems, health policies and strategies to achieve progress. Keywords: Children; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office (1991) Protecting Children at Risk: Jordan and the Impact of the Gulf Crisis UNICEF, Amman, Jordan 19 p. Abstract: A survey covering the impact of the Gulf Crisis on children with regards to nutrition, basic health care, basic education, and the consequences on economy. Keywords: Health; Education; Jordan; Children. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Jordan Field Office and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1985) Situation Analysis of Women and Children in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan A report for submission to the 1989 Executive Board, Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 35 p. Abstract: A study of the general conditions of children and women in Jordan with a projection of their health problems, infant and child deaths and their causes, breast-feeding, malnutrition, health services provided for mothers and infants, human resource development plans, with statistics. Keywords: Children; Demography; Public Health. Available froa: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

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UNICEF Jordan Field Office and the Ministry of Health, Jordan (1988) Primary Health Care Coverage in Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan, 26 p. Abstract: A study that covers basic information of health at the national level, field study at the intermediate level, field study of mother, primary health care services, health education and training and recommendations. Keywords: Jordan; Health; Education. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Jordan in cooperation with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Children with Special Needs in Jordan: Reality and Prospects" A working paper prepared by Abdullah Al-Khatib for the National Conference for Children, May 4-5, 1992, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic; English translation available), 23 p. Abstract: A working paper that covers children's physical and mental disabilities and homeless, related legislation with statistics. Keywords: Jordan; Children; Demography; Health. Available from: Al~Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office (1992) Bibliography of Sources Related to the Arab Family Prepared by Lisa M. McCann for UNICEF, Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan, 117 p. Abstract: Bibliography of 817 entries in 14 subject categories, database includes information on the location of the references in Jordan, keywords and annotations. Topics include Arab social structure, women and the family, ethnographies, types of communities, children, health, population issues, law, with 84 works dealing with Jordan Keywords: Children; Jordan; Social Development; Demography; Health; Education. Available from: UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman, Jordan.

UNICEF, Regional Office for Middle East and North Africa (1990) Sex Difference in Child Survival and Development UNICEF Evaluation Series, No. 6. Abstract: Development of useful measures to measure se~ differences, to identify neglect, identified means and measures to describe stages of growth and recommends indicators. Keywords: Children; Gender; Health. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

United Nations General Assembly (1991)

UNRWA

Report of the Commissioner General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Middle East July 1, 1990- June 30, 1991. United Nations General Assembly, Report A/46/13, New York, USA. Abstract: Report on the education, health, relief and social services assistance overall and by host country and the occupied territories, special measures and programs to expand assistance, report on arrests and detained UNRWA officials. Keywords: UNRWA; United National General Assembly; Human Rights.

Fact Sheets on the Health Status in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Planning and Research Department, Jerusalem, October 1991. Abstract: Informative paper on the population of West Bank and Gaza (Refugees and Non-Refugees) tables on Health Statistics, Health Centers, Graphs on Bed Ratio/Capita. Maps of West Bank and Gaza are

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UNRWA

included. Keywords: Occupied Territories-Population; West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Health Status in the Gaza Strip. Planning and Research Center, Jerusalem, July 1991. Abstract: Informative Research on the Health Centers and Hospitals in the Gaza Strip. The health services available are distributed amongst the UNRWA, NGO's and government. Data shows the status of Health Care in the Gaza Strip. Keywords: Gaza Strip-Health; Gaza Strip-Hospitals. Available from: Centre for Engineering and Planning (CEP), Ramallah West Bank.

UNRWA (1989) UNRWA Annual Report of the Director of Health 1988. UNRWA, Vienna. Abstract: This report is one of a series of reports which are produced annually by UNRWA describing the health services they provide. Subjects discussed in the report include emergency care in the Occupied Territories, curative and preventative services, nursing services, environmental health, nutrition and supplementary feeding services. The report contains detailed statistical information on the health status of the refugee population. In conclusion the report points to improved environmental sanitation, expanded coverage with MCH care, improving management of "modern" diseases (hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease), studying the option of a new hospital in Gaza, rationalization of the nutrition program, improving outpatient care and securing "real community participation". (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank, Gaza Strip; health; health services; disease; nutrition; preventative services; health care; hospitals; community participation; outpatient care.

UNRWA (1990) UNRWA Annual Report of the Director of Health, UNRWA Vienna. Abstract: This report presents an account of UNRWA activities during the period between July 1989 and June 1990 in the five areas of UNRWA activity. Concerning the occupied territories, the report describes the effects of the uprising and army violence on the different aspects of life of the population including education, health, social welfare and services. The report states that the uprising and the counter actions taken by the Israeli authorities had detrimental effects on health services in the occupied territories. A detailed description is presented of UNRWA health care activnies including emergency care, PHC and hospital services and environmental health. (HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; health; UNRWA; occupied territories; social welfare; health services; health care; emergency care; hospitals.

UNRWA (1992) Annual Report of the Director of Health 1991 UNRWA, Vienna. 100 p. Abstract: Report of health activities over the reporting period for all UNRWA activities in the Middle East. Keywords: Health; Palestinians; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA (1992) Community Rehabilitation Programs for Disabled Palestinian Refugees

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UNRWA/NGO Conference, Amman, Jordan, Report and Recommendations, May 10-23, 1992, 8 p. Abstract: Conference report dealing with the role of UNRWA and the NGO's in disability, fundraising strategies. Keywords: Refugees; Health; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA (n.d) Information Packet Prepared by UNRWA, Vienna. n.p. Abstract: Brochures, information sheets and maps pertaining to all UNRWA activities and specific references to activities in Jordan; statistics. Keywords: UNRWA; Jordan; Health; Refugees. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office, Amman.

UNRWA Health Services in the Occupied Territories (May 1989) Abstract: The report was prepared to identify the needs in the health services of UNRWA, to assess Primary Emergency and Casualty Care System due to Intifada situation, recommendations were suggested. Keywords: UNRWA-Health Services; Intifada-Medical Assistance. Available from: Center for Engineering and Planning, West Bank.

UNRWA Jordan Field Office "Relief and Social Services Department" A report of the Field Relief and Social Services Department, July 1992 (monthly). Abstract: A report covering all activities of the Relief Department during the month of July 1992 and the programs achieved in this month regarding shelter rehab~litation, assistance, hospitalization, income generation, etc. Keywords: Jordan; Refugees; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office "General Consolidated Beneficiaries for SHC, TB Patients, Nursing and Pregnant Women, Dry Rations and Dry Milk" Report prepared by Field Supply and Transport Officer, Jordan Field Office, UNRWA, Amman, Jordan, bi-monthly report. Abstract: Information sheet providing type of support by distribution centre. Keywords: Health; Refugees; UNRWA; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d.) Self Support Projects Field Relief and Social Services, UNRWA Jordan Field Office, a status report, June 1992, n.p. Abstract: A report including annual budget for each region, grant distribution by project and projects initiated. Keywords: Refugees; Jordan; UNRWA; Palestinians. Available from: UNRWA Field Office of Jordan.

UNRWA Public Information Office Palestine Refugees Today UNRWA Newsletter (quarterly). Abstract: In various articles, social problems of refugees and case studies are reported: women, curfew, special hardships, disabilities. Keywords: UNRWA; West Bank; Refugees. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office, Amman.

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USAID and the National Population Commission (1992) A Summary of Population Studies on Jordan during 1980-1992 A study prepared by the National Population Commission, Vol. 2, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 283 p. Abstract: Highlights studies on population carried out in Jordan from 1980-1992, covering education, health, fertility, working force, environment, childhood. Keywords: Jordan; Children; Education; Demography; Social Development. Available froa: The National Population Commission, Amman, Jordan.

Vandam, s. (1989) survey of Physiotherapy Services in the West Bank, Medecins Sans Frontiers, Brussels. Abstract: The report summarizes the activities of 24 organizations which provide physical therapy services in the West Bank. Services which are provided by these organizations are described including numbers served per day, qualifications of personnel, equipment available and fees charged. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; personnel; equipment; fees; handicapped persons; rehabilitation policy; disabled; disabilities; physical therapy.

Verhoeff, T. (1989) Physiotherapy, Gaza and West Bank, International Committee of the Red Cross. Abstract: Nine physical therapy facilities are identified in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The report concluddes that children with hemiplegia and cerebral palsy were not adequately served. Among the institutions providing physical therapy identified in the West Bank were UPMRC, Save the Children Foundation, MEdecins Sans Frontieres, Bethlehem Arab Society, Maqased Hospital, Augusta Victoria Hospital and Mt. David Hospital. The survey was aimed at discovering needs for physical therapy services, especially those of the Intifada injured. Thirteen percent of the 83 potential physical therapy patients lacked physical therapy services. Fear of army harassment, shame, curfews and strikes were among the leading factors which affected the type and the number of patients receiving physical therapy services. Sixty physical therapists and 82 assistant physical therapists were identified in the area. Local training capabilities for physical therapist were outlined. The author concludes that the physical therapy needs in the Occupied Territories are covered (although a clear explanation of this conclusion is not presented) and that there is a need for more cooperation between orthopedic workshops and physical therapy departments in the different institutions. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; children; hemiplegia; cerebral palsy; therapy services; therapy facilities; UPMRC; personnel; equipment; fees; handicapped persons; rehabilitation policy; disabled; disabilities; physical therapy.

Vermund, S.H., Miller S.G. and Cohen, S.P. (1985) Health Status and Health Services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Institute for Middle East Peace and Development. 176 pages. Abstract: Four pieces of original research are presented, followed by a review of health status and services and a discussion of health policy. Chapter 1 presents a new demographic model for estimating infant mortality which yielded a 1982 IMR of 53-63 in the West Bank and 53-56 in the Gaza Strip. Chapter two presents a study of pediatric admissions to Caritas Baby Hospital. A third world pattern of morbidny is noted wnh gastrointestinal and respiratory infections being the main causes for admission. Case fatal-ny for

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both prematurity and hypothermia were over 30\. Chapter three studies admission patterns at the Mount of David Orthopedic Hospital. Chapter 4 presents a survey of health consumers' attitudes in the Hebron area. In conclusion the report concludes that health services were inadequate, in particular in relation to primary care. Attention is drawn to inadequate hospital facilities, regional disparities, "drastic" shrinking of the budget of the government sector, the unattractiveness of the governmental health insurance scheme, constraints on the private sector, lack of targeting of health by major donor agencies, lack of regional cooperation and local emphasis on secondary and tertiary health care. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; infant mortality; health services; health care; emergency care; hospitals; health budget.

West Bank Health Care Assessment (1986) prepared for Health Care Organization, Geneva, Switzerland by the American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., Vol.l: Overview; Vol.2: Hospitals; Vol.3: Primary Health Care. Abstract: Thies three volume report represents a preliminary assessment of present West Bank health sservice and an initial identification of opportunities and formulation of plans for their improvement. The study covers health care delivery systems, the status of health personnel, and the status of health manpower training. The appendices contain a wealth of inmformation on current health care facilities. Keywords: health; education; economy; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Jerusalem; Israel; settlement-resettlement; refugees (Palestinian).

WHO and UNEP (1991) Manual on Water and Sanitation for Health in Refugee Camps Report prepared by WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA) and United Nations Environmental Program, Regional Office for West Asia, Amman, Jordan. 61 p. Abstract: Covers environmental health principles for refugee camps, provision and maintenance of various types of environmental health services, water supply monitoring techniques, survey and evaluation of activities. Keywords: Public Health; Palestinians; Refugees; Jordan. Available from: WHO/CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

WHO Collaborating Center in Health Manpower Development (1991) survey of the Human Resources for Health in the Government Hospitals on the West Bank. Abstract: The report comprises a survey of West Bank government hospital manpower which was carried out between July of 1989 and May of 1990. Eight government hospitals were surveyed. A total of 1072 medical and paramedical personnel practiced in these hospitals -177 physicians, 460 nurses, 130 para-medical personnel and 137 administrative and other personnel. Of the specialists who were surveyed 49.6\ were recognized (accredited). Twenty-two nurses had BA degrees and 341 had diplomas. The average age of the hospital employees was 36.17 years. The staff/hospital bed ratio was 0.77/1. The overall occupancy rate was 62.1\. A detailed description of the personnel of each government hospital is presented in the report. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; health; health services; health care; hospitals; medical personnel.

72

WHO Director General (1991) Heal~h Condi~ions of ~he Arab Popula~ion of ~he Occupied Terri~ories, Including Pales~ine, Progress Repor~, WHO. Abstract: The report briefly describes the general living conditions of the Palestinian population of the Occupied Territories and their effects on the health conditions of the population. Special attention is drawn to the Gulf conflict and its effects on the health status of the population. A detailed description of the WHO collaborating centers in the West Bank and Gaza is presented It is concluded that some reorientation of the WHO collaborating centers is needed to improve and strengthen the Palestinian health institutions and to establish a cohesive public health policy in the Occupied Territories. A list of WHO supported projects is also presented. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; Palestinians; Occupied Territories; health; health conditions; health institutions; WHO.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (1992)

Selec~ed Presen~a~ions: Regional Seminar on Drinking Wa~er Quali~y Papers from seminar sponsored by the CEHA, May 20-24, 1991 at Nicosia, Cyprus, published by the WHO, CEHA, Amman, Jordan. Abstract: Papers deal with public health and drinking water quality, including monitoring projects. Keywords: Public Health; Health; Social Development. Available from: WHO/CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (1990)

Environmen~al Heal~h Managemen~ in Na~ional Disas~ers and O~her Types of Emergency: A Selec~ed and Anno~a~ed Bibliography WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities, Alexandria, Egypt, 118 p. Abstract: Intended for use by technicians responsible for environmental health management in emergency situations, including those resulting from an influx of refugees, focuses on water supply and sanitation but covers additional areas. Keywords: Public Health. Available from: WHO/CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (1991)

Conclusions and Recommenda~ions of CEHA Technical Mee~ings 1988/1990 WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA), 90 p. Abstract: Covers conclusions and recommendations for each meeting, chronologically, pertaining to such topics as economic and social, public health, water quality, environmental, legal, institutional, political, educational aspects. Keywords: Human Resource Development; Social Development; Public Health; Jordan. Available from: WHO/CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

WHO, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA), (1991)

Environmen~ Heal~h Regional Bibliography (4 volumes, various years). A report by CEHANET; Regional Information Network for Environmental Health published by Centre for Environmental Health Activities, World Health Organization, Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean, Amman, Jordan.

73

Abstract: Presents published/printed form of bibliographic references; computer database includes annotation and location where available by country, Jordan is well represented. Volume IV includes The West Bank. Keywords: Public Health; Jordan; West Bank. Available from: WHO, CEHA, Amman, Jordan.

WHO/UNRWA Review Team (1986) Review of Primary Health Care in Palestinian Refugee Camps Under UNRWA, the Gaza held Report, WHO, Geneva. Abstract: A detailed review of UNRWA services in Gaza is presented together with a series of detailed recommendations for upgrading. Problems discussed include community involvement, lack of finance, high cost of hospital care, need for more emphasis on preventative services, lack of use of health information in management, the need for more NGO financial support and the need for more flexible and decentralized budgeting systems. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; refugee camps; health; health care; hospitals; hospital care; preventative services; budgeting.

WHO/UNRWA Review Team (1986) Review of Primary Health Care in Palestinian Refugee Camps Under UNRWA. The West Bank Field Report, WHO, Geneva. Abstract: An evaluation of UNRWA health services which was conducted in 1986 is described. Field work was conducted at the field office, three health centers and at the household level in five refugee camps. Based on the field work, and existing supporting data, a set of recommendations are made in the fields of planning, policy, resource development, information collection and the PHC program itself. Concerning UNRWA general policy it Ts stressed that while PHC should rely on active community involvement, such initiatives from UNRWA have usually been perceived as implying recognition of a permanent refugee status and as being an attempt to disengage UNRWA from its commitments. As a result, UNRWA policy is presented as being limited to providing basic health services and the refugee community is being presented as the obstacle to community participation. The second limitation noted is financial in nature. Within these two constraints UNRWA services are generally presented in a positive light, with a detailed series of proposals for improvement including: managerial training at the health center level, utilization of existing health information in management, expansion of manpower, delegation of responsibility to nurses to lighten Medical Officers' workload, development of a community health team, renegotiating the referral systems to hospitals, agradual but real" involvement of the population in PHC, increasing budget, delegating more authority from Vienna to Field Health Officers, systematizing supervision procedures, decentralizing planning to the health center level, increasing the number of health centers, developing school health education, expanding referral of high risk pregnancies to hospitals, investigating demand for family planning services and delegating clinical ORS administration to nurses. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; Gaza Strip; UNRWA; refugee camps; health; health care; hospitals; hospital care; manpower; health centres; health education; family planning; preventative services; budgeting; refugee community.

Wighton, s. (1990) one Day at a Time: Diaries from a Palestinian Refugee Camp. London: Hutchinson. pp. Keywords: refugees-displaced persons (Palestinian, Lebanese,

74

others); camps; Lebanon; Beirut; health; housing; education; economy.

Wilf-Miron, Rachel, Rachel Gurvich et al. (1990) Cause-specific Mortality among Israeli Adolescents: 1981-86. Pediatric Division and Health Services Research Unit, Ministry of Health, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center. Abstract: Analysis of deaths by age (10-14, 15-19), sex, population group (Jews, non-Jews) and cause of death helps identify specific targets with higher than expected mortality rates. Preventive intervention programs must be etiology-specific and targeted to high-risk population sub-groups. Among an annual average of ca. 800,000 adolescents aged 10-19 living in Israel during 1981-86, 77% were Jews and 23% non-Jews, mostly Moslem Arabs. OVerall mortality was 36.7 per 100,000. Mortality was almost twice as high for males as for females, and increased with age for all sub-groups. The adolescent death rate was 63% higher for non-Jews compared with Jews. Causes of death are studied. Results are compared with u.s. mortality rates. [ISE] Keywords: Israel; adolescents; mortality rates; ethnic groups

Winka, A. Abed-Rabbo, A. March (1990). Drinking water in the Bethlehem district. Abstract: The purpose of the study is to establish a data base of the chemical, physical nd biological parameters for the municipal drinking water in the Bethlehem district. Fifty-seven sample sites were chosen in the Bethlehem, Bayt Jala, Bayt Sahour refugee camps and villages. The samples were taken over the course of nine week cycle for nine months (wet and dry seasons). The wells (Bayt FaDar nd Herodian 2) were sampled weekly. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; Bethlehem district; Bayt Jala; Bayt Sahour; refugee camps; villages; health; drinking water.

Wolf, E. (1986) Palestinian Women, Health Care and Well-being, Edited by the Working Group on Development Studies, Amsterdam. Abstract: The study combines a wide range of themes in a discussion of health and the position of women in society. Sections include a historical-political background, social and economic developments, health care in the West Bank and the influence of underdevelopment on the status of women. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinians; West Bank; palestinian women; women in society; women and health; socio-economic developments; status of women; underdevelopment; health care; health; psycho-social health.

World Bank (1989) Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: Quality, Organization and Finance Issues in the Health Sector Internal Report No. 7667-Jo, Population and Human Resources Division, The World Bank. 47 p. Abstract: Review of population, health and nutrition in Jordan since previous study in 1984, specifically dealing with the quality of health care delivered to a growing population with rising expectations, and health financing. Keywords: Jordan; Public Health; Human Resources. Available froa: Office of the President, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.

Yip, R., Keller, w., Woodruff, B. and Sullivan, K. (1990) Report of the UNRWA Nutrition Survey of Palestinian Refugees in Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank, NRWA.

75

Abstract: The report comprises a survey of the nutritional status of Palestinian refugee lildren and the nutritional status of refugee women of child bearing age in all NRWA fields. The nutritional status of children was assessed using growth arts. A comparison is made between this survey and the results of a similar survey conducted in 1984. The prevalence of low hematocrit for age was 6.3% in the West Bank and 7.6% Gaza. The prevalence of low weight for height was 1.8% in the West Bank and Gaza. The prevalence of low weight for age was 3.9% in the West Bank and 5% in Gaza. The prevalence of anemia among children (hemoglobin concentration of less than 11 mg%) was 57.8% in the West Bank and 70.3% in Gaza. The mean hemoglobin concentration among pregnant women in the third trimester was 11.4 mg% in the West Bank and 10.8 mg% in Gaza. The revalence of anemia was lower among men and was mainly due to iron deficiency. The authors present a number of recommendations for improving the nutritional status of Palestinian refugees in all UNRWA fields. [HDIP] Keywords: Israel; Palestinian Refugees; Gaza Strip; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; West Bank; refugee children; refugee women; nutritional status; pregnant women; pregnancy; anemia; UNRWA; anemic; diet; nutrition; malnutrition; children; iron deficiency.

Yishai, Yael (1982) "Politics and medicine: the case of Israeli national health insurance." Social Science and Medicine, 16:285-291. Abstract: The paper focuses on the attempts to introduce a national health insurance system in Israel. So far all these attempts advanced through six public committees and various legislative initiatives have been futile. The major actors involved in the process of NHI formulation are (a) the sick funds, the largest of which (KH) nearly monopolizes the health services; (b) political parties which are affiliated with the sick funds; (c) the Israeli medical association. The conflicting positions of these actors are examined. [YISHAI] Keywords: Israel; national health insurance; politics

Ziadat, Adel Awwad (1990) The Formative Years of Hospitals and Medical Treatment in the East of Jordan 1883-1946 Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. 422 p. Abstract: History of health and hospitals, introduction of modern medicine explaining the social, economic, and diet education, backgrounds and public health conditions of bedouins and peasants. Keywords: Health; Jordan; Social Infrastructure. Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Zurayk, Huda (n.d.) "A Framework of Ideas for Development of a Research Agenda for the Working Group in Reproduction Health" Monograph: First meeting of the Working Groups Program of Research and Technical Consultation in Child Health and Reproduction Health, Cairo, April 26-28, 1988. 30 p. Program initiated by Population Council Regional Office for North Africa and Western Asia in September 1987. Abstract: Comments, suggestions and framework to help conceptualize and choice of issues to base work on identifying reproduction health problems in the region. Keywords: Health; Arab States; Women.

76

Available from: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Library, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Zurayk, Huda c. and Haroutune K. Armenian, eds. (1985) Beirut 1984: a Population and Health Profile. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 209 p. + appendices. Abstract: This volume incorporates the descriptive findings of a survey conducted by the Faculty of Health Sciences as part of its efforts to establish a population laboratory in the city of Beirut. It also includes extensive statistics on the topics of demographic and socio-economic characteristics, environmental health conditions, morbidity and risk factors, the utilization of health services, maternal health attitudes and dental health. The questionnaire used for the survey as well as the interviewer's manual are appendiced. Keywords: Beirut; health profile; population laboratory

77

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY VI - VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND JOB CREATION -

Acronyms of sources: AAUG - Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc. CIS - Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto

Al-Bastami, Maha (1985) "Al-tabaqa al-amila al-filastiniyya: nashatuha wa tatawwuruha" (Palestinian Working Class: Growth and Development). PLO Samed Economic Studies Series, No. 8. Amman: Dar al-Karmil, 70 p. Keywords: human resources; education; economic development

Al-Husari, Ruba (1991) "Workers of the Gaza Strip Sell and Buy in the Slave Market." [In Arabic] , Majallat al-Dirasat al-Filisiniyya, No. 6, (Spring), pp. 245-51. Keywords: manpower; human rights; refugees (Palestinian); Gaza

Altalib, Hisham (1991) Training Guide for Islamic Workers The International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations and The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia, USA. 397 p. Abstract: Explains the functions of leadership, skill enhancement and self-development, training for trainers, and use of youth camps in the Islamic context. Keywords: Vocational training; Human resources; Education. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Arab Graduate Club (1985) Unemployed University Graduates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip A statistical bulletin prepared by Arab Graduates Club, Jerusalem, Palestine (in Arabic), 103 p. Abstract: A statistical report of unemployed persons according to the level of higher education. Keywords: Palestine; Israel; Education. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Awartani, Hisham (1979) A Survey of Industries in the West Bank and Gaza. Birzeit, West Bank: Birzeit University Publication. Keywords: employment; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

Ayal, E.B. (1983) "Arab Labour in Palestine and Beyond within a Two-Sector Development Model". Middle East Review, Vol. 15, (spring-summer), pp. 53-61. · Keywords: human resources; education; Palestinian; Israel

Ayesh, Husni (1989) "Higher Education in Jordan Between Demand and Supply: Human Resources are the Wealth of the Nation" Cultural Journal, No. 17, (in Arabic), pp. 30-44. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Human Resources; Economic Development. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shaman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bahiri, Simcha (1987) Industrialization in the West Bank and Gaza Boulder, Col: Westview, 92 p. Abstract: This study reviews post-industrial development and the state of existing industry in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and assesses the potential for industrial development over the decade 1987-97, in the light of various political-economic scenarios. Since 1967 industry in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has been stagnant. The main barrier to industrial development is said to be the occupation which ensures not only Israel's

1

military security but also its economic security. The study posits three political scenarios for the 1987-97 decade: a conservative scenario or the status quo; a reformist scenario: continued occupation but with "liberal" economic and political policies; and a radical scenario: the end of occupation and creation of a separate Palestinian entity. Rapid industrial development and major improvements in the quality of the life are only likely in the event of the last scenario coming into being. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: employment; industrial development; economic security

Ben-Shahar, Haim (1971) Economic Structure and Development Prospect of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Rand Report, R-839-FF. Santa Monica, CA: Rand. Keywords: economic development; human resources; Palestinian; Israel

Benvenisiti, Meron (1986) Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Developments in the West Bank. Jerusalem: American Enterprise Institute. Keywords: economic development; human resources; demography

Benvenisiti, Meron (1987) The West Bank Data Base 1987 Report: Demographic, Economic, Legal, Social and Political Developments in the West Bank. Boulder, Col: Westview, 94 p. Keywords: demography; economic development; human rights

Benvenisiti, Meron (1985) The West Bank Data Project: A Survey of Israel's Policies. Jerusalem: American Enterprise Institute, 97 p. Keywords: refugee-displaced persons (1967,1973); West Bank; Israel; Gaza; Jerusalem; law; economy; human rights; demography; settlement-resettlement

Bergman, A. (1976) Economic Growth in the Administered Areas, 1968-1973. Jerusalem: Research Department of Bank of Israel. Keywords: refugee (Palestinian); economy; human resources; West Bank; Gaza; Israel

Bukhari, Najati Al- (1969) Issues in Vocational Education in Jordan Printers Union, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 178 p. Abstract: Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Bull, Vivian A. (1975) The West Bank - Is It Viablel Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 75 p. Abstract: This book attempts to determine whether the west Bank is economically viable. To demonstrate Israel's contributions to the development of the West Bank, the author adopts Rostow' s "stages of development" and examines the behaviour and attitudes to work of the Palestinians both prior to and after Israel's occupation in 1967. According to the author, Israel has had to deal with workers who are "unstable and sometimes untrainable" members of the labour force. She suggests these workers have "ingrained attitudes of distaste" for manual labour and prefer "classical education and white-collar employment." The author suggests that Israel has made the West Bank economy viable by industrializing it and "integrating" it into its own modern market. This has been done by flooding the West Bank markets with Israeli commodities and by providing employment opportunities to a traditional unemployed work force. Israel also initiated policies, such as that of "open bridges," which benefited both the West Bankers and Israelis and enhanced the level of economic integration between the two regions. Although economic

2

integration between the West Bank and Israel was achieved, this success is offset by political factors because West Bankers retain their political allegiances to the Arabs in general and to Jordan in particular. In consequence: "Federation with Israel may work economically, but it will not work politically. Federation with Jordan may work politically, but will not work economically. Of the three possible settlements, there is only one that can be considered both economically and politically feasible: a Palestinian region." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: employment; human resources; West Bank; refugees; economy

Cohen, A. (1983) "Industry in the West Bank 1960-80)." New Outlook, 26 (May), pp. 33-40. Abstract: This article discusses the factors affecting industrial development in the West Bank from 1968 to 1980 and analyses the reaction of the West Bank economy to the challenges and difficulties posed by its encounter with Israel. Tables: enterprises by number of employees (1980); income by subdivision of industry (1969-80); GOP in the West Bank by industry (1980); import of equipment to the West Bank (1971-80); export of industrial products from the West Bank (1968-80) Keywords: West Bank; refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; human resources; Jordan

Eisenstaedt, M. (1968) Middle East Development: Some Current Economic Problems. Jerusalem: Harry s. Truman Center for the Advancement of Peace, Hebrew University, 16 p. Abstract: This volume contains the five major lectures delivered at a seminar on development for the advancement of Middle East nations, which was organized by the Truman Center of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in March 1968. The most pertinent paper, "Water - A Lever for development in the Middle East," argues that the development of water resources offers the region "a very important means for agricultural and economic advancement." While the development of water resources may create grounds for "sharp disputes" over water rights, it might also bring about a measure of regional co-operation and set the scene for joint projects. Another paper dealing with changes and developments in agriculture, concludes that "in the race between population increase and agricultural production, over-reliance on horizontal development (expansion of cultivated areas] in agriculture has proven inefficient." The author therefore contends that raising the standard of living of a rapidly increasing population will depend on structural changes in the agricultural sector, on more specialization in crops in which the Middle East has a comparative advantage, and on improving production methods to increase yields. Any meaningful progress towards increasing productivity will require the allocation of greater resources for research and development and for the establishment of agricultural schools, model farms, and advisory centres. "Success in spreading advanced production methods depends vitally on the creation of a suitable institutional and organizational framework." The reader is led to conclude that co-operation at the regional level will greatly enhance agricultural productivity, but may not have a positive effect on securing the food supply of the region. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991) Keywords: agriculture; industry; production; vocational training

Elrazik, Adnan, Abed (1978) "Problems of Palestinians in Israel: Land, Work, education," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol 7, (Spring), pp. 31-54. Keywords: manpower; human resources; education; demography

Farah, T. (1983) "Arab Labour Migration: Arab Migrants in Kuwait." In Sociology of Developing Societies: The Middle East. New York: Monthly Review Press.

3

Keywords: Arab migrants (Palestinian); human resources;

Flesisher, H. (1979) "The Arab Worker in Israel." ALLO-CIO American Federationist, 6 (June). Keywords: Israel; refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources

Gabriel, s. and Sabatello, E. F. (1986) "Palestinian Migration from the West Bank and Gaza: Economic Demographic Analysis." Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 2 (January); pp. 245-262. Keywords: refugee (Palestinian); Israel; demography; West Bank; Strip; economy; settlement-resettlement

Gabriel, s. and Levy, D. (1988)

and 34,

Gaza

"Expectations, Information, Migration: The Case of the West Bank and Gaza." Applied Economics, 20 (January). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; human resources

Gharailbah, Fawzi (1985) The Economies of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Boulder, Col: Westview, 182 p. Abstract: This study examines the performance of the economies of the West Bank and Gaza since the Israeli occupation of these territories in 1967. The author observes that the immediate effect of the 1967 War was a considerable curtailment of economic activity in the territories, mainly because of the emigration of skilled manpower and the loss of income hitherto generated from tourism, employment by the Jordanian civil administration, and servicing of the United Nations and Egyptian forces stationed in the territories. The medium and long-run effects, however, were determined by economic links to Israel. The territories acted as a "satellite" economy, providing markets for goods from and labour for the larger and more industrially advanced Israeli economy. The situation was exacerbated because the population in the territories did not participate in the formulation of economic and social policies for the territories, thus making economic growth in them entirely dependent on Israeli policies. The author concludes that future economic conditions in the territory will be largely moulded by political developments, the most promising of which is the "autonomy scenario" which would require capital and co-operation from the Arab countries if it is to succeed. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: economy; human resources; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; refugees (Palestinian); United Nations General Assembly; Arab States; refugees­displaced persons (1967-); Egypt; Jordan

Gubser, Peter (1979) West Bank and Gaza Economic and Social Development: Now and the Future. Washington: Middle East Institute. Keywords: economic development; human resources; West Bank; Gaza

Haidar, Aziz (1985) Vocational Education in the Arab Sector in Israel, Tel Aviv: HaMerkaz HaBenleumi. Keywords: human resources; education; refugees (Palestinian);

Hajj, Muyassar Al- (1989) "A Comparative study of Teachers' Evaluation in UNRWA Schools (Jordan) and in California Public Schools" Student Term Paper. 22 p. Abstract: Comparative study explaining the policies, criteria, procedures, designing evaluations and frequency towards improving teaching capability. Keywords: Jordan; Education; UNRWA.

4

Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hajj, Muyassar Al- (1989) "A Comparative Study of Teachers' Evaluation in UNRWA Schools (Jordan) and in California Public Schools" Student Term Paper. 22 p. Abstract: Comparative study explaining the policies, criteria, procedures, designing evaluations and frequency towards improving teaching capability. Keywords: Jordan; Education; UNRWA. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1983) Studies in Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons in Jordan Queen Alia National Fund, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 106 p. Abstract: A number of studies in the rehabilitation of different types of disabled persons and their training in communication, movement, social behaviour, basic knowledge. Keywords: Education; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1984) A Survey of the Technical Staff Working with the Disable in Jordan Queen Alia National Fund, Amman, Jordan (in Arabic), 56 p. Abstract: A statistical survey of the qualified personnel working in the education, rehabilitation, and training of the disabled persons in Jordan and the levels of their qualifications and skills, along with the types of disabilities they are dealing with. Keywords: Education; Jordan; Health. Available from: Al-Kutba Publishers, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) "Basic Statistics and.Indicators of General Education in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" Wall Chart, National Center for Ed':Jcational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, n.p. Abstract: Graphic and statistical presentations of facts related to education, including school facilities, size, teaching staff, and students, by school district. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1991) National Centre for Educational Research and Development (NCERD): An Introduction Booklet prepared by NCERD, Publications Series, No. 5, 23 p. Abstract: Provides information related to the establishment and operating of NCERD in Jordan and its key role in educational reform. Keywords: Education; Jordan. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1992) An Assessment of Vocational And Technical Education in Jordan A study prepared for USAID/Jordan, the Academy for Educational Development and the National Centre for Educational Research and Development, Amman, Jordan, Publication Series, No. 13, n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour, identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources. Available from: National Centre for Educational Research and Development,

5

Amman, Jordan.

Hassan, Mohamad D. (n.d.) "Aggressive Behavior in Intermediate Stage Students" Internal Report, UNRWA Jordan Field Office (in Arabic). Abstract: Case study about various types of aggressive behavior of students, physical and verbal, assessing and identifying causes. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

Heller, Mark (1980) "Political and Social Change in the West Bank since 1967." In Palestinian Society and Politics, pp. 185-211. Edited by Joel s. Migdal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 291 p. Abstract: Heller's article discusses economic developments on the West Bank since 1967. Like most studies on this subject, this one concentrates on the agrarian sector and labour migration. The author believes the West Bank's agricultural sector has been developed under Israel and has received a further boost under the Open Bridges policy which permitted trade between the West Bank the East Bank. On the Palestinian labour migration to Israel, Heller says: "Like the open bridges,' the movement of the West Bank workers to Israel was a spontaneous development - an unanticipated solution to the problem of the West Bank unemployment, which subsequently received official endorsement and encouragement." Heller's article also dwells on the question of social and cultural changes during the occupation. The author suggests that Israel has introduced new and modern norms and attitudes to a basically traditional society leading to the emergence of the new elite and a new life style among Palestinians. However, unlike other modernization adherents, notably Vivian Bull, Heller argues that because of the political-national issues in the Occupied Territories, an "unequivocal and uniform modernization of political­cultural values has not come about." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: Gaza; West Bank; human resources; employment

Hilal, Jamil (1974) Al-Daffa al-Gharbiyya: al-tarkib al-ijtima, iwa-al- iqtisadi, 1948-74 [The West Bank: Social and Economic Structure, 1948-74]. Beirut: PLO Research Center, 302 p. Abstract: This study investigates the social and economic transformations that the West Bank underwent between 1948 and 1974 under·Jordanian rule then Israeli occupation. The author maintains that the economic climate did not improve under Jordanian rule partly because Jordanian's economic policies were not conductive to it and partly because of the dearth of capital after an estimated JD 20 million of "bourgeois capital" flew.to Amman for safe investment. In consequence 80 percent of the labour force remained in the relatively unproductive agricultural and small services sectors. Isr.aeli occupation made the West Bank economy completely subservient to Israel's economic interests because Israeli policies undermined the West Bank's infant industrial sector and led to "large­scale" mechanized agriculture that depends on the Israeli technology and markets left one-third of the West Bank workforce unemployed and forced to work as cheap labour in Israel. The author concludes that it was the weakening of the West Bank economy under Jordanian rule that "made its control and manipulation by the Israeli authorities so effective and detrimental." (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: economic transformations; agriculture; industry; demographic; occupation

Hilterman, J. R. (1989) "Workers' Rights During the Uprising." Journal of Palestine Studies, 19 (1). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; self-government; West Bank;

6

Gaza; human resources; economy; Intifada

Hull, J. (1990) "No Palestinians Need Apply: Unable to Stop a Surge in Violence, Shamir Clamps Down on Workers from the Occupied Territories." Time (Can Ed), 23 (136), (November 26), pp. 32. Keywords: Israel; human rights; refugees (Palestinian); settlement­resettlement

Jordan, Ministry of Planning. (1986) Five-Year Plan for Economic & Social Development, 1986-1990. Amman: The Ministry of Planning, 547 p. Keywords: economic development; human resources; Palestinian

Kahan, David (1988) Agriculture and Water Resources in the West Bank and Gaza (1967-1987). Boulder, Col: Westview, 181 p. Abstract: This study, a part of the West Bank Data Base Project, deals with the changes in the agricultural and water resources over two decades (1967-87) in the West Bank and Gaza. Divided into three parts - the pre-1967 agricultural sector, post-1967 agricultural development, and agriculture in the Israeli settlement - the book traces the changes that have occurred and highlights areas of conflict between the Palestinian and Israeli sectors. It is suggested that physical as well.as socio-economic obstacles impeded agricultural development before 1967. The past two decades (1967- 87) can be broken down into an initial period of rapid change (up to 1975-6), a time of more modest development (up to 1980-1), and recession (up to 1985-6), with growth actually declining. The author argues that the close links between the territories and Israel, although at times a positive factor, have also had detrimental impacts, arising from the state of the Israeli economy and the policy of the Israeli authorities. He points out that "the policy of Israeli authorities has been to discourage Palestinians from establishing groups and mobilizing themselves into a force wielding sufficient political power to influence decision," even thought attaining a political "voice" is especially important in Israel, "where a strong farm lobby influences the formulation of agricultural economic policy." The author concludes that current policy towards the agricultural sector "is not altogether comprehensible, and, in many respect, is contradictory." To ensure consistency, he maintains that "integration between the Israeli and Palestinian·sectors is required in the planning of agriculture and water resources development." However, he asserts that "these economic issues can only be addressed if the political future of the territories is determined. The inability to find and answer to these issues is the ultimate dilemma facing the authorities. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: productivity; agricultural development; economic growth; settlement

Kleiman, Ephraim (1980) "The Economic Viability of an Arab-Palestinian Entity." Australian Outlook, 34, December, pp. 315-24. Keywords: Palestinian; West Bank; Gaza; economic development

Kubursi, A. A. (1986) "The Economic Benefits of Palestinian Statehood." Middle East Focus, 9 (Summer/Fall). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; West Bank; Gaza; economy; human resources; self-determination

Kubursi, A.A. and Butterfield, D.W. (1988) "Jobs, Education and Development: The Case of the West Bank" The Palestinian Economy, edited by George Abed, London: Routledge, pp. 223-44.

7

Abstract: In the light of the negative correlation of the education and employment in the Occupied Territories, this paper seeks to develop a model which links manpower requirements, educational system operations, and economic development and policy priorities in a coherent system. The proposal refers only to the West Bank because of data problems. The authors conclude that the education system and stemming unemployment are severely constrained by the lack of Palestinian economic autonomy, a synchronization of manpower and educational systems could be attained by substantial increases in exports and in vocational and technical education. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: occupied territories; water supplies; employment; West Bank

Harb, Ghassan (1980) "Labour and Manpower," In: A Palestinian Agenda for the West Bank and Gaza, Edited by Nakhleh, Emile A., Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Research, pp. 91-101. Abstract: A discussion of the problems of labour and manpower in the post­settlement era in the West Bank and Gaza, based on the nature of the settlement that may be achieved for the Middle east conflict in general and for the Palestinian problem in particular. This paper is based on the author's conviction of the inevitability of an independent Palestinian state in the territories occupied during the June 1967 war: the West Bank, including Arab Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. Harb states that such state is considered by many researchers to be economically viable; it will provide a secure path for future economic development for the Palestinian; and it will fulfil the legitimate political aspirations of the Palestinian people. Keywords: manpower; West Bank; Gaza; economic development

League of Arab State, Directorate General of Economic Affairs (1989) The Economic and Social Situation in the Palestinian Occupied Territories. Tunisia: The League of Arab States. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); West Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; Israel; economy; human resources; Palestine Liberation Organization; Intifada

Masoudi, Taisir and Abdul Rahman Al Qiq (1990) The Situation of Technical and Vocational Education in the Occupied Lands Education Studies, No. 5, Graduates Union, Palestine (in Arabic), 312 p. Abstract: A survey of the vocational training and community colleges education, their working and teaching staff, equipment, finance, and general conditions. Keywords: Education; Palestine; Vocational Training; Health. Available from: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Masri, M. w. (1987) Issues and Models in Vocational Education. The Author, Amman, Jordan, 308 p. Abstract:A book covering all issues related to vocational education and provides some models of vocational education processes. Keywords: Vocational Training; Education; Economic Development; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Nakhleh, Khalil (1980) Palestinian Struggle Under Occupation. AAUG Occasional Paper, No. 6. Belmont Mass.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates. Abstract: A brief survey of the Palestinians under Israeli occupation since 1948- their "characteristic, resources and deficiencies." Keywords: education; human resources; refugees (Palestinian)

Neff, Donald, James Wall, and William Reynolds (1992) An Assessment of Vocational and Technical Education in Jordan

8

Study prepared for USAID/Jordan and the Academy for Educational Development by IQC: Evaluation and Development Information Method. n.p. Abstract: Assessment of effectiveness of vocational training and technical education in meeting demands for skilled labour, identifies future needs, recommends system improvements. Keywords: Jordan; Vocational Training; Human Resources Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Neu, Thomas Joseph (1987) Employment, Labour Migration and Economic Development in the Gaza Strip: a case study of Rafah, DAI 49/03A, AAC8807913, 578 p. Abstract: The Gaza Strip economy has few parallels in the world. Its professionally trained personnel have largely emigrated, while most of its remaining work force migrates daily to temporary jobs in Israel. The combination of shrinking land area under Palestinian control and steady increasing population has produced an urbanized but unintegrated labour force out of a population which as late as 1948 formed small agricultural or herding communities. The breakdown of traditional social and economic structures in the overcrowded and disadvantaged environment in which the predominantly refugee population of Gaza Strip has been contained since 1948 gives increasing urgency to understanding and changing their present predicament. Field research was conducted in Rafah, whose combination of refugee, bedouin and long established inhabitants is representative of the Gaza Strip as a whole. An in depth survey was conducted of all members of the labour force residing in a random sample of Rafah households. The interviews elicited information concerning work done both in Israel and in the Gaza Strip, as well as the educational and employment patterns of the entire household. An analysis of this and other available data suggests that the possession by the family of land or other economic assets significantly increases the range of individual options with regard to both capital investment and job creation; individual decisions regarding whether to emigrate, migrate or seek local employment, what kind of employment to expect, and even whether to work seem to depend primarily on whether family held assets permit employment within the Gaza Strip itself. The uniquely disjointed Gaza Strip economy cannot fully be explained by either the neoclassical or radical labour market par·adigms. A third paradigm, characteristic of dual or segmented labour market theories, seeks to explain why certain persons or groups have access to limited sets of job opportunities within a particular socioeconomic context. Problems in relating the Gaza Strip labour market to any one paradigm reflect the even greater difficulties in designing an appropriate manpower planning model, although practical constraints can be assessed and a general development strategy outlined for the economic options which may become possible in future years. · Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources; Israel; demography; settlement-resettlement; Gaza Strip; refugees-displaced person (1948)

Nijim, Basheer (compiler) and Muammar, Bishara (researcher), (1984) Toward the Dearabization of Palestine/Israel, 1945-1977. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, under the auspices of the Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development. Abstract: A documented collection of information on a village-by-village basis on the displacement of the country's indigenous population by settler communities within the area occupied by Israel before 1967. The volume consists mainly of detailed tables and maps of subdistricts showing the precise extent of displacement in each village and of total destruction of villages. There is also an excellent concise historical chapter. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); demography; Jerusalem; Israel

Reches, E. (1987)

9

"Unemployment of Arab Academics." New Outlook, (July). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian), human rights, human resources; Israel

Rockwell, S. (1985) "Palestinian Women Workers in the Israeli-Occupied Gaza Strip." Journal of Palestinian Studies. Vol. 14, (2). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; human resources; economy; gender (women)

Roy, Delwin A. and William T. Irelan (1992) "Educational Policy and Human Resource Development in Jordan". Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 178-215. Abstract: Keywords: Education; Human Resources; Jordan; Economy Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Roy, Sarah. (1987) "The Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De- Development." Journal of Palestine Studies, 17, 1 (65) (Autumn): pp. 56-88. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Israel; economy; Gaza Strip; human resources

Rubenberg, c. (1989) "Twenty Years of Israeli economic Policies in the West Bank and Gaza: Prologue to the Intifada." Journal of Arab Affairs, 8, 1 (Spring), pp. 28-73. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; Israel; human resources; camps; West Bank; Gaza; Jerusalem; self-determination; self-government; Intifada: Palestine Liberation Organization; demography

Ryan, w. s. (1974) "Israeli Economy Policy in the occupied Areas: Foundation of New Imperialism." MERIP Reports, No. 24 •. Keywords: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip; economy; refugees (Palestinian)

Saba, Henriette, and Ghalib Asad Al-Qaddumi (1967) The Labour Force and Education in UNRWA. [In Arabic], Beirut: Regional Center for the Training of Senior Educational Officials in the Arab States. Abstract: A review of· the organization and activities of the educatio~al services available by UNRWA and statistical study of the Palestinians registered for UNRWA services. Keywords: human resources; UNRWA; education; refugees (Palestinian)

Sahliyeh, Emile (1982) "West Bank Industrial and Agricultural Development: The Basic Problems," Journal of Palestine Studies. 11, (Winter), pp. 55-69. Keywords: Jordan; West Bank; occupation, economic development

Samyonev, M. and Lewin-Epstein N. (1987) Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water: Noncitizen Arabs in the Israeli Labour Market, International Report No: 13. Ithaca, New York: ILR Press. Abstract: This is a study of Israelis' use of low-paid (under-paid) Palestinian workers for menial jobs. The authors extensively discuss the oppressive and abusive conditions that the Palestinian workers are obliged to cope with in the Israeli labour market. The authors estimate that the number of Palestinian workers in West Bank and Gaza grew by more than eightfold between 1969 and 1982 - from 9,376 to 76,274 - likewise, the proportion of these labourers in the Israeli labour force during the same period has gone up from 1 percent to 8 percent. However, these figures only deal with those registered with the labour exchange office and not

10

with the illegal workers. Keywords: Israel; economy; refugees (Palestinian); refugee categories (non-stateless refugees)

sara, F. (1989) "Palestinian Workers and the Intifada." [In Arabic], Shu'un Filastinniya, 198 (September). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); Intifada; human resources; economy; Israel

Shaath, Nabeel (972) "High Level Palestinian Manpower," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, (Winter), pp. 80-95. Abstract: This study is based in part on preliminary results of a questionnaire survey of Palestinian university graduates--High Level Manpower Assessment. It examines the general condition of high level Palestinian manpower, i.e. the number qualifications, professions and places of residence of educated Palestinians. Among the major findings of the study are: (a) the number Or Palestinian university students compares well with the number of Israeli university students, (b) the ratio of high level manpower and the ratio of present Palestinian university students to the total Palestinian population is higher than the ratio for any Arab country. (c) The vast majority of Palestinian university graduates received their education in the Arab countries, particularly in Egypt. Post-graduate degrees especially in engineering and the natural sciences, show a much higher ratio in American and European universities (d) Half of the university educated Palestinians work as teachers. Teaching, engineering management and medicine represent the four most important professions practised. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: education; universities; human resources; West Bank

Shukair, Mona Munir (1989) "Higher Education and Development in Jordan" Development, No. 191, (in Arabic), pp. 28-34. Abstract: Keywords: Development; Jordan. Available from: Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

Tahir, J. (1985) "An Assessment of Palestinian Human Resources: Higher Education and Manpower." Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 14 (3). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); refugees-displaced people; Israel; West Bank; Gaza; settlement-resettlement; economy; human resources; education

The Special Near East Refugee Survey Commission. (1953) "A Survey of the Arab Refugee situation" Department of State Bulletin. Vol. 30, No. 760, pp. 95-101. Abstract: This report is an analysis of the Palestinian refugee crisis and its economic consequences. It also discusses the U.N. and u.s. interest in dealing with the Palestinian Refugee Problem in terms of relief and financial support. Keywords: Refugees (Palestinians) Jordan; settlement, demography, UNRWA.

United Nations (1990) Managing the Development Project: A Training Curriculum in Seven Parts The Foundation for International Training, Toronto, Ontario, canada for United Nations Development of Technical Co-operation for Development, New York, USA. n.p. Abstract: A course that provides an overview of project management, particularly, training, identifying needs, project design, implementing, monitoring and controlling, evaluating achievements of development projects.

11

Keywords: Economic Development; Education; Vocational Training. Available from: Near East Foundation, Amman, Jordan.

United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (1989) Labour Force and Education in the Occupied Territories. Baghdad: (E/ESCWA/89/3). Abstract: This study provides a social analysis of the Occupied Territories by investigating their demographic, labour force, employment, and education situation. Population grew from 1.4 million in 1967 to more than 1.5 million in 1985 with 25 percent of the population living in the urban areas. The confiscation of some 45 percent of the agricultural land, along with poor economic opportunities caused by scarcity of investment capital, has forced 95,000 labourers - mostly from the rural areas - to work in low-paid jobs or as "black" labour in Israel. The study reports that in the 1985 less than 25 percent of the population was illiterate but only 10 percent of students continued to higher education; also the curricula were increasingly being controlled by Israeli authorities. The study closes with the notion that it is only independence that can allow the territories to forge an authentic economy with a rich educational system. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: settlements; human resources; education; Intifada; human rights; refugees (Palestinian)

UNESCO, (1968) Building, for the UNRWA/UNESCO Educational and Training Programme. Paris: UNESCO. Abstract: This report has been prepared by the UNESCO Secretariat. It is a case study on the education building program undertaken by UNRWA since 1950 for the benefit of the Palestinian Refugees. Production of building plans and the drawing up of the standards and specifications are dealt with in the report. UNRWA's construction program has been characterized by economy, simplicity, and the avoidance of frills. UNESCO and UNRWA hope by publishing this report that the experience which has been gained in the UNRWA' s construction program will be of interest and assistance to educational administrators and school architects who are faced with similar problems in other parts of the world. (Abstract from AAUG, copyright 1977). Keywords: UNRWA; UNESCO; education; refugees (Palestinian)

United Nations, Economic Commission for Western Asia, Joint.ECWA/UNIDO Industry Division (1981)

Industry and Economic Trends in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Beirut, U.N. Headquarters. Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); economy; human resources; West Bank; Gaza; Israel; demography

United Nations, Economic Commission for Western Asia, Joint ECWA/UNIDO Industry Division (1981)

Industrial and Economic Trends in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (E/ECWA/UNIDO/WG.l) Beirut, 128 p. Abstract: This study analyses general economic growth in the Occupied Territories between 1967 and 1980 and the development of their industrial sector in particular. The findings, based on official Israeli statistics and a survey of 267 firms operating in the territories, include: (1) the industrial sector's contribution to GOP declined from 6.6 percent in 1969 to 5.9 percent in 1980; (2) total employment in the sector has remained constant at 15 percent; (3) the labour supply in the territories stood at a low 19 percent of the total population; (4) 60 percent of all firms surveyed reported underutilization of capacity; and (5) 90 percent of all imported goods to the territories came from Israel, with more than 85 percent of the total being industrial goods. The study recommends a comprehensive plan for social and economic development involving all

12

economic sectors and a package of incentives including tariffs and subsidies to revive the industrial sector. (Abstract from CIS, copyright 1991). Keywords: West Bank; Gaza Strip; manpower; occupation; industrial development

UNRWA (1989) The Report of the Special Political Committee of United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Beirut: UNRWA Headquarters, (A/44/815),(44/47), 13 p. Keywords: Palestine; refugees (Palestinian); refugee Aid; displaced persons; education grants; vocational training; occupied territories

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Transitional Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training: September 1988 - December 1989 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED/WP-4 Suppl.) n.p. Abstract: Plan of action for the period to provide improved educational opportunities to Palestinian refugees, curriculum enrichment, etc., with target dates for each task. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Children. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Department of Education (n.d.) Biennial Workplan for Curriculum Enrichment and In-Service Training 1990-1991 UNRWA, Department of Education, Vienna (Report ED-BW P.5). 193 p. Abstract: Plan of action in the areas of school curriculum, teachers and higher education, vocational and technical education with target dates for implementation. Keywords: Education; UNRWA; Children. Available froa: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

UNRWA, Jordan Field Office (n.d) "Agency School Education Program in Jordan - Briefing Paper, December 1991" UNRWA, Department of Education, Jordan. 3 p. Abstract: Covers critical curricula, school administration, teacher training, school buildings, teaching materials. Keywords: UNRWA; Education; Jordan. Available from: UNRWA, Jordan Field Office.

West Bank Data Base Project (1985) "Population, Employment and Public Funding on the West Bank." Newlook, (Jan/Feb). Keywords: refugees (Palestinian); demography; economy; human resources; Israel; west Bank

World Council of Churches (1980) Palestinian Workers in Israel: A Selection of Documents for Study and Action. Geneva: WCC. NO. 9. Keywords: human resources; Israel; demography

Zahlan, Antoine (1976) "The Economic Viability of a West Bank State." Middle East International, No. 66, (December), pp. 20-21. Keywords: West Bank; human resources; economy

Zureik, Elie and Moughrabi, Fouad (1986) Palestinians at the Crossroads: Where are We and Where Are we Going. Occasional Paper No. 1. Edited by Elie Zureik and Fouad Moughrabi. Series Editors: Fouad Moughrabi and Elia Zureik. Washington, D.C.: The

13

International Center for Research and Public Policy; Kingston, Ont.: The Near East Cultural and Educational Foundation of Canada. Abstract: A concise summary of "key points, arguments and recommendations" on Palestinians institutions and the role of trained manpower, U.s.­Israel-Arab relations, the nature of the crisis, and the role of the Palestinian intellectuals in the West, resulting from a Conference of Palestinian Intellectuals at Columbia University in 1985. Keywords: manpower; education; vocational training; Palestinian; Israel; economy

,·'1

BIBLIOGRAPHY IN ARABIC LANGAUGB

I. PALESTINIAN DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION II. EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

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I I I. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE; VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND JOB CREATION

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DATABASE CENTRES AND COUNTRIES ON THE PALESTINIAN POEPLOE (REFUGEES AND NON REFUGEES)

IN ARABIC LANGUAGE

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