Arabic Grammar - Forgotten Books

ARABIC GRAMMAR

PART II

COLONEL fiWQ

GREEN, p . s. c .

AUTHOR OF‘MODERN ARABIC s xomrs

’

‘A PRACTICAL HINDI

'

JS'rANi GRAMMAR

EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED

OX FORD

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

I909

HENRY FROWDE,M .A .

PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OX FORD

LONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW Y ORK

TORONTO AND MELBOURNE

PJ

4307

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

THE printing of Part II has taken much longer thanwas anticipated. Commenced in J uly,

1 884 , it is onlyjustcomple ted. The success of Part I, th e entire first editionof which was ex hausted in nine months, leads me to hopefor a similar result with Part II. Th e selections have beenmade with great care, with a view to a progressive courseof reading, to be e x tended at th e discretion of th e student,and for which Iwould recommend th e following books

(1) Lukman’

s Fables,in Charbonneau ’

s Edition ,Paris

,

Hachette,1 8 8 3 .

(2) The 100 1 Nights, Cheap Edition, in 4 vols.

,8 vo

,

Beirut,1 8 80 .

(3) Kalilah wa Dimnah,Beirut

, 1 8 8 4 .

The short series of facsimile letters are

'

nearly all re

productions of actual petitions and le tters,and these have

been substituted for Appendix II, promised in the Prefaceto Part I.

My best thanks are due to all those who hav e so kindlytaken th e trouble to point out the mistakes in Part I, andto assist me with th eir advice . I would recommend a

complete study of th e Appendix to those who are desirousof obtaining more than a colloquial knowledge of th e

A . O . GREEN , MAJ OR ,BRIGADE MAJ OR

, RE.

CAIROMarch 30, 1 885.

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

FOR the first time I have been able to publish a coin

plete edition of this Grammar ; th e work is, howev er, nowfinished, and I can only h ope that th e time and labour

wh ich have been spent upon it have been , and will be ,

of service to those of my broth er-officers, who may haveoccasion to commence th e study of Arabic.

I cannot lay down my pen without ex pressmg my

thanks to the Printer to the University of Ox ford, for th e

very admirable manner in which this work has been putth rough the Press. To my mind the type leaves nothingto be desired.

A. O. GREEN,

MAJ OR, RE.

CHATHAMMay 16, 1 893.

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION

THIS edition of Part II has now been revised so as to

conform with th e system of transliteration adopted in thefourth edition of Part I.

I shall feel h ighly indebted to any one who will take

the trouble to write and point out any mistakes they come

across,wh ich in a work like this must be large , no matter

how many revisions one makes oneself.

A . O. GREEN , COLONEL .

VERNAT'rs, CAMRERLEY

March 2 1 , 1908.

CONTENTS

Km: TO E m Cs s AND S'romns IN PART I

ENGLIsn AND ARABIC LE'I'IERs AND MANUSCRIPTSTransliteration of Letters and Manuscripts

APPENDIX : COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CLASSICAL AND ARABIC

II . Adjectives

VI . PrepositionsVII. Adverbs

KEY TO EX ERCISES AND STORIES

E x ercise 1.

A high house . The high house . The big boy. An easy lesson.

The rich merchant. A. rich merchant. The pious boy. The rainis heavy. The father is good. The good brother. Th e weatheris bad. The horse is fine: The house is high. The man is poor.

The horse is strong. The weather is fine . The brother is good .

The boy is idle. The man is rich. The garden is large. Thelesson is easy.

Ex ercise 2 .

e gjfll_ uu jwl gym/AmJ sjl, C h um

Ex ercise 2 a.

Rdgil gieyib. E t-tdgz'

r cl-gfiani. Howa bagel. E l-howa kwg/Zs.

Dare said. E l-alc]; keslc'

m. Ab gieyz'

bwa ar-rdf/fil faqi

‘

r. E r-rc’

z’

g il

cl-faqir kesldn. E l-magar gowi .

E x ercise 3 .

The man is happy. The town is large . The tree is tall.

A rich merchant. He is happy. The girl is pretty. She is wise .The mother is ill. The garden is large. The large garden . I am

happy. He is idle . The mother is pious. She is good . Thou (m.)art rich . Thou (f ) art poor. The sister is happy. The brotheris ill. The lesson is hard. The boy is idle . The girl is polite .

The uncle is rich . The aunt is rich . The rain is heavy. The

horse is fine . The judge is learned. The book is useful. I am

rich . Thou (m.) art sick. He is learned . Thou (an) art poor.

The horse is useful. The street is long.

8 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART 11

E x ercise 4 .

_ x/.a3 w

Ls" J? )

Ma i 9

°

n 056, J e

r i“ball W Lew

E x ercise 4 a.

Edgil gka'ni wa bi'ntfaqifrah . Rdgilfaq

‘

ir wa tdgir gi ant. EZ-ah

eg-gieyib'ayyc

‘

in . Ed -dars Iawil wa sa'b. Slzdri

'gawil wa 656 2715 .

E l—kz’

tdbndfi‘. En-nahr

'a r

‘

z'

gl wa‘

amiq. ELZzu sc'

m el—z’

swz'

d wa eZ-bét

eZ-abyad . E l-qddi sZ-q z'

l wa cl-adib.t

And i baadu ndfi.

‘A'nda/c

cl-kitc’

ib al-ahmar. Hz'

ia‘andoh b

'

ét keb‘

z'

r fwa genéfnak sagfiifrah.

Andhc'

i a’

ars sa'b. E t-ta

'lab ahmar waldltin eZ-am ab asfar.

E x ercise 5 .

The horse is very strong. The bread is ex ceedingly dear. He

was a clever man. I am a German . He is a Frenchman . Thebook is very u sefu l. The quarter is wide . The sister is alwayspleased. The father is always busy. The minister is very busy.

The night is very pleasant. The weather is too bad. The wateris cold. Iwas ill. The ink is black. Th e rain is too heavy. Thenight is very fine . The paper is white . The house is highenough . The room is wide enough . The tree is high . The roomis pretty. I was present. He was in the house to-day. The manis very tall. She was in the house (at home) yesterday. Therewas rain in the night. The judge was just . She was a blind

Woman. I was always in the room. The king was generous.

There was rain yesterday. The air is cold to-day. The well isdeep enough.

E x ercise 6 .

“DJ ‘W H e ifi’J‘

pfi‘fif due .) Db )“ufi)

KEY TO EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 9

E x ercise 6 a.

Kc‘

in el-‘ésl ggieyib Icefir embdn'ilz. K( mel-qciq

’

ifi’

l-odah sn-vnahdr

da. Ana kumf i’

l-bét el-yom. Ebbarfisidni tamelli f i’

l-genéfnah .

KEmel-Zzugc'

infis—sikkah wa el-mar'ah kc

‘

inet f i’

l-bét. E t-tc'

igir rc'

igil

i régir kefir wa hfia dc’

iz’

man masl lgkfil. E l-kafwa [can‘dl embdrilz

u'a lc

'

ilcin Mia bdrz'

d wa bayfil Irefir el-yo‘

m. Eek-Qagarah Lhadra

os-sama z arqa cd-dalzabasfar wa cl—mc’

i iswz'

d. El-mar'ah mai ugluz

lak wa mabsdgah .

E x ercise 7 .

Is he diligent ? Ivas be ill ? Was she sick ? Art thoucontented ? Not hungry. Not thirsty. He was not present.Who is he ? I am not rich . Iam not stupid. Art then not clean ?The water is ex tremely cold. The night is ex ceedingly pleasant.Where is the gun ? The gun is in the corner. Where is thebook ? The book is in the cupboard. What book is in the cupboard ? Where is the bottle ? The bottle is in the magaz ine.Were you not there Iwas not there . She was there last month .

Is he not hungry ? Is she not thirsty ? The day is very pleasant .There was rain in the night. The bread is very dear. Is thereno news ? Is there any water ? There is no water. The quarteris broad enough . The paper is too black. The paper is not whiteenough . Has the horse no grass ? No

,he has no grass, but he

has chopped straw. The merchant was a very clever man. Th e

judge was poor. The ministerwas always busy. Who is this man ?He is a German. Who is this lady ? I think she is a Frenchwoman. Who is the gentleman ? The camel is thirsty. Thereis wine. Where were you yesterday ? I was at home . Whereis she ? She was in the garden. You were not here tod ay.

The dog is thirsty, and the cat is h ungry. I am tired.

E x ercise 8 .

MIW Jr. Qt.) vimQ kw wet

0

W I(3 age s ! J ean.“be Qua 5 (an)

awlg.a. . . J


as,“g .)

as, g

sulJfiJ l L3 3s t. u m

,” as . G A m,

“fl uj

g in-di va ; fl)

”

Y- KyTJ W“ uw sm J ab

E x ercise 8 a.

Alcan et-tdgz’

r magfigal f i’

s—suiq embc‘

im'

lz 7 Hal‘

andhd el-mar’

ah

qaz c’

iz ah nibit ? fi/cdn ar-rc‘

igil cl-fuqir kesldn f i

'

l-genénah ? Ana

mush‘ayydn en-nahdr da waldlcz

'

h embc'

im'

lz 7mm. Man hiya

cl-mar'ah (allati) f i

’sfi-ake

’

rra 7 F E71. cl-bundu qiyah ? E l-bundu

gig/ale. f i’l-bét wa el-kalb f i

’

l-genénah . Kdnet (ash-shame fidmz’

g/ah

fi’

slt-glgahr eZ-mdd'

i waldkz'

n dilwaqt er-rilz bdrz’

dah u'

a el-howa

bagtd l. F 5 fu l tis f i’

d-dd ldb el-az raq ? Aiwah f'

i fu lfis hendlc ?

Hal‘andoh eZ-Zzu sdn hashish wa mag/ah ? Lei waldlcz

'

n‘a

’

ndoh iz'

ba

m'

dif wa ska'

ir. E l-gamal‘

agslrdn ldkin el-fiusc‘

in

E x ercise 9 .

Air is‘

an ex ceedingly light sub stance . The days in winter areex tremely short. The stars are shining bodies in heaven. Theplants and trees are fix ed in the ground. It f .) is dear and

beautiful. Is the country of Cashmere pleasant ? Yes,it is

ex ceedingly pleasant. Isthe kingdom of Persia large ? Yes, it is

very large . The book is useful. The books are useful. The

brother is big . The sister is small. Where are the brothers ?They are in the town. Where are the sisters ? They are in

the garden. The neighbour (m.) is a very clever man .

‘Theneighbour (f ) is a pious woman . They are not rich . They werepoor. The houses are large . The houses are very high . Thebooks are useful. Where are the books ? The books are in

the cupboard. Is he not hungry ? Yes, he is hungry. No,he is

not hungry. Art thou not thirsty ? No , I am not. thirsty , I am

tired. They were not contented. They were angry. I was

surprised. We are not surprised. The , quarters are too broad.

The balls are very fine . The merchants are good men . Theneighbours are not good men. The weather is good to-day.

The weather is bad and the street is muddy. God is generous.

KEY TO Ex ERCISEs AND STORIES IN PART I 11

E x ercise 10.

due - h» 4 1“; p G yms — w i g sfi s flmu

” s w i ms rs"e h LAW- s e ws we so am

lAJLpzllfif

E x ercise 10 a.

Hdriit cZ-medi nah b ridah wa gawilah . Safd t en -nahc'

u gasirah

fi’

fi-sjita . Hal abwdb eZ-buyfit f t balad maftfilrak ? Gibc’

rl

el-bilc'

id di‘

dlz'

yah wa eZ-anhc’

irc

amiqczlr. Kand mu l zZ/c el-‘agam

rigdl kwyis‘

in Icefi/r. Mc’

i [wri tes/3 .m tefi’

l-genénah embc'

irilz ? Lei

ana kuntf‘i'

l-medinah . Ana kuntfidzf Icefir en-nalzd r da . En-m’

is

ralmza walc'

ikz'

n d -{laz’

wdnd t musl z; rakimah . E l-alglgwc’

rt wa el

aflrawdt 77q f i’

l-genznah . E l-mc'

i mu'ak/car ldkin en-nibit gieyib.

Halc

ancientWIwa gimc'

il gieyibah 7

E x ercise 11.

This is strange . This is the truth . Truly this was so. Thisthing is not good. This town is agreeable . This town is populous.

That man yonder is lame. That man over there is renowned inwar. Iwas at home at that hour. These people are polite. Th istea is very good. This butter is cheap . This youth is wise. Thisgirl is wise . This horse is weak. The horse is dear at this price.This rope is not long enough . I was at home to-day. The hatsare too large . These books are dear. Is there any news ? No,

there is none. What news is there to-day ? There is no newsto day. There is nothing new. What o’clock is it ? It is fouro’clock. How much is the bread ? Bread is now four piastresthe pound. How much is meat ? Meat is now three piastres thepound. The season (of the year) is three months. Every fourweeks (make) one month . The nights are short and the dayslong. Life is short and science long.


E x ercise 12 .

pm,"Is”

JA'

IQua as aIIa f

fusfia. bum,

»u.uI

dis cal lsM lufi) BIS u

a»)la (AMI u i

u l dlb u ahl la fla ll bs _ j

x j w s°

us la u

‘u x

lb

Qb f'fi’lfi ufié — gfl ‘ Pup il lag — M l J ‘s

(”n-“G din — ix a> $i>la Y) (3

la Y

at) ; 351. I. Au JLJ HUs

,,a ants Us MIuiKr

§ _QL

,A

M A MA -{ Mb w lo U3.»fa)

0JAN li e

I3 gsl l

-A u aa u LJ l IJ lS u m

E x ercise 12 a.

E u-nc‘

te dal kc'

imi maé‘fifllmlin kefir f i

’

l-medi’

nah embc'

in'

lc. A hl

dik/rc’

i, el-balad c mi mashhfirin bi'

l-lmrab. Esh-sbd i (Ia rights

kafdyah waldkz’

n en -n z’

bit (Idle glrdli bz"

z -z ig/ddah . fii’t-tabqiqda i t?

‘ag

‘

ib Icefir. Howa el-balad do. Iafif giddan f i'

sl ita walc'

ila'

n

bdrfr bz z -z iyc'

idah f t fasl es-séf . Dikhd el—medinah ma'mzim h. F ig]!

khaba fr en -nahdr da f i’

l-medinah . Lc’

z mc‘

z f t wala Inigo]: gididah .

Si r el-'é

’

sk lain gfidli bz z -z iyc’

idah f i’

s-sfiq embiirilr. B ikam kd n

er-ragl ? K im b’

ga ldtah glrurzlsfier-m ll. E l-Zrabl da gawil bi’

z

z iyc'

ulah wa Aria musl g gieg/ib. Es-sd'ah [ram bi

’

l-l'

él [cu nt m te

f i’

l-bét ? Ana [cunt f i’

l-bét es-sa'ah Ichamsah . Z ak esh-slgdbb

mt'

tmaddz’

n kefir. Es-schilr'é f r“

. ham el-amr

E x ercise 13 .

This will be a useful thing. This will be useless. Will yoube at home to-night ? I shall be at home to-nrorrow at two

o’clock. Shall you be at home to-day ? I shall be at hometo-night at seven o’clock. Where will you be at eight o

’

clock ?We shall be in the garden at nine o’clock. Who are you ? I am

the captain of the ship. How will the matter be ? Where is henow ? He is in the garden . Is the garden far from here ? Thegarden is not far. It is near here. Bring a bowl and two glassesof wine. Bring a light . Boy, bring the lamps. Were the two

KEY TO EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I I3

brothers in one house ? The river was small between the twotowns. Is there a broad river near here ? From what countryare you ? From Syria. Whence is the road ? From Baghdad.

I am busy from morning till evening. This horse is for sale . Howmuch for this horse ? For ten pounds. Are you well ? ThankGod, I am quite well . Grapes are good this season. The dog isa faithful and watchful friend of man . Drinking, eating, and

sleeping are necessary things for man. How much water is therein the well ? How many soldiers are there in the fort ? How

many horses or mules are there in this town ? How much wheatis there in the market ?

“U N-4L“of f — g naw) L3“ge l

rag

sfil _ J l, ll) j rall as ufa asau h as/s ass

GA fiasiu

e ta- w w - Iwfle a-w e f uas uflaw

Jr “ Ujfi

. J? ) 6she)“agr JA

JI3 W I,

rah - 32

° “9 3 52}

0‘

- u~°

dre am 1i as _ I.>

E x ercise 14 a .

_G_hér ba'icl min hena f t bél kwyis wa ba ste

'

ln mililz. Alain handle

cs-sd'ah taldtah bulcra . F 1

“. qala

‘

qarib cl-medinah clz

'

lchd bén en-nakr

wa’

l-gibé l Aiwah f i galac

sagé irah wa ldlcz’

n hiya music. qarib

en-nahr. Kam‘aslcari f ilial ? Ellamsak ow sittah . Yd wa lad

hc'

it e wa kds'

én wa gaz dz ah m’

bit. E l-Zzu sc'

m sc‘

ilrib gieg/ib li’

l- z’

nsdn .

El-kalb Iran'

s f'

i'l-lél ldz im loh er-ruqc

’

zd f i’

n-naha’

r. Kam rdgil

gelatin M ir f i’

s-sziq bulcra ? Qadcl min cl-moyah f i’

n-nahr ?

F ill kafc'

zyah. Jil in én el-waladén dé l 7 Hum min buglrdc‘

id .

Min lulu abziki yd. bint w’

ismoh E7 F ii». fu lfis f i’

s-sand dq da ?

Na’

am f‘

th arba'ah Lhamsah glrurdgfi. Hal es-sand dqmin [radid f

L6 waldlcin hzZa gé/mid kepir.


E x ercise 15 .

Is your father l iving ? Yes, sir. What is h is name ? His

name is Hassan. What is h is age ? Fifty years. And what isyour mother

’

s age ? My mother’

s age is forty years. What is theage of your sister ? My sister is twenty years old. She is still

young. She is not Old. From what country are you ? I am fromAleppo. What is your name ? My name is Mahmud. What isyour age ? I am forty years of age . And what is your sister’

s

name ? Her name is Fatmah . Where is your gun ? My gun is inthe corner. Where is your book ? Our book is in the cupboard.

Where is your brother ? Our brother is in the garden. Our

garden is far from the town. Is not your garden also far ? No,

sir, it is not far. Is it near here ? Yes, sir. My horse is weak.

This garden is very dear at this price . Their clothes are new.

Our clothing was not ready. Their house is large and new.

\Vhere were you to-day ? Iwas in their'

garden to-day from seven

o'clock until nine . May your day be happy (good day) ! How

are you ? \Vell,thank God ! How is your father ? Our father

was ill. Your brother was ill too . Good night !

E x ercise 16 .

J : m l — l L3 UK lrlx ll

u

l u u l ls

_ ellUL3 Ef f ? ) ”

Alf“Vic-Y Alll A ; 9 24

est;

E x erc ise 16 a.

Khaddam ae g/a wa’

l-bagjal'

én bim'oh kdnu‘.fi'l-genénah f t ham

es-sabc'

ill . Az ayy (az é) abakum en-nahd fr doc ? Haw’

ayg/c'

in ketir

wa ummi aidan . Kam sanah‘umroh ?

’

Umroh arbz‘in sanah

S

a; X a s». M . ca,“as, who“a

t;

KEY To EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 15

waldkz’

n ummi lissa shdbbah . Hal bz'

ntalc Qédbbah ow'agfiz ah ?

ISdr‘amrha

’

rasham h sin'

in bi’

l-nahcir da . Ismoh é el-l'hadddm ill’

i

kdn f i baa/c embc'

iri/z [ amok‘

ali w’

z'

sm akhfih‘abd-alldh . F i

’

s

ec'

z'ah Icam yelcfiguz asédbuh twm wa girdnuhum f i basc

’

ztin el-melilc

F i'l-lélah di qarib as

-sc’

zfah sab'ah . Alchwa t melz

’

k el—‘agam el-etnén

766 725,fimedinah bugjzddd wa ld/cin cl -melz'

k kc‘

mfl ba ladoh. Hal

es-si/ckah di duglgri bén el-medinah wa’

l-ba lad EZ-kz'

tc’

zb bitc‘

i'ak

wald/cin eZ-waraq wa’

l-aqldm bitzZ'i . Kam qalam

‘andak 7 Taldtat

ow arba'ah. Hdt

’hc

'

i li he'na .

E x ercise 17 .

Have you not got a pen ? I have pens, ink, and paper. Boy,

bring the pen and the inkstand. Have they (any) books ? Yes,

they have one book. Has he any children ? Yes,sir

,he has

three . Are they big ? No,Sir

,they are small. How many

brothers have you ? I have none. She has two brothers. Haveyou any black cloth ? Yes

,Sir

,I have some black broadcloth .

She has new clothing. Have you not got a watch ? Y es, I havea new watch . We have a large house . Is this your house ? IVe

shall have plenty of money. They will not have enough money .

I shall not be afraid. I shall have fifteen piastres a week. How

old is she ? In four days’ time she will be thirteen years old.

Where were you yesterday ? I was in the garden . With whomwere you there ? With my father. Where was your brother ?He was with me to-day. Where is your sister ; was sh e also withyou ? He has three piastres with him in his pocket. Her brotherwas with us. How old art thou ? I am nineteen years old. Sheis six teen years of age . Wheat is very dear now ; its price is1 20 piastres an ardah. The weight of this diamond is three carats.

Did it rain in the night ? There was no rain ; perhaps we shallhave rain to-day.

E x ercise 18 .

Qwi g re cfijl 06)2“l L>’ icLJ l bjlf _ lQ

JL‘J J l

u b e.“L; at}, “s o

.

rem13, M l

16 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART II

ofum i u q fiJ

fil uUfi,UsJ a L. _ z.L11

E x ercise 18 a .

Abtiya‘andoh busdnén wa paldjah bagfia

‘

l war. taman tc'

isher gamal.

F én awldd ukhtalc en -nahc’

ir da . Ii’

c'

imi es-sd'ah

‘

asjarah f i'l

genénah waldkin dil-wagt 7mm yimkz'

n f i'

l-bét wag/a ummuhum.

Man [can wag/yak f i'

l-med'

inah embéxrilz ? Wa lafin sdln'

bi‘abd

alldh wa bz'

nt er-frdgil (la . E l-Zwsc'

in dd/c da'if led/n gowi kafc

'

zyah

embdrilz yim/t in IuZa ta'bc

’

in min es-safar. Kam min el—fa ll'

is f ileis akhz

‘

ik da ? F ile. {mash er qiraé wa gineh'

én . Hfia géani kefir

ma'ok fu lz

‘

c‘

s gadd kida . Il a l yelczl‘

n'and et-tugc

‘

lr almc'

ts f i’

se miq

eZ-gum'ah cl-gc

'

zyah ? Md‘

arafixh we ld/cmana zflz’

lcz'

r yelciin flit‘

and‘

abd—alldh et-tdgir.

E x erc ise 19 .

My book is on the table . Is not your hat on the table ? Myknife is on the bedstead. Where is my handkerchief ? Yourhandkerchief is not here. Your handkerchief is in the cupboardon the left. Where is h er book ? Her book is on the bedsteadto the right . This hou se cost me forty purses. This garden costh im three purses. This house is too clear for me at this price.This garden is for sale. For how much ? For seven purses. It

is too dear for me . These boots are narrow for my feet. Thisbook is difficult for us. In h is Opinion this will be useless. In

my opinion this will be a useful thing. We are afraid of them.

Do not be afraid of me . Was he not wrong ? He is right. Everyday he has only one lesson . I have two lessons to-day. She has

a dowry of 3000 dinars. My monthly wages are forty piastres.

She has two children. No quiet for the envious. This merchanthas much money. Have you got English knives and forks ? Haveyou not any money with you ? Y es, I have twenty piastres withme. We have two purses with us. This is a good Shop, everything in it is good. There is no use in ignorance. I have a claim

against him. Howmuch does he owe you ? He owes me ninety

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18 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR , PART II

two feet between me and him. This house is ten paces in lengthand nine in breadth . This room is seven paces broad and the samein length . This town is eight miles in circumference. There isa superfluity (l=;5) of everything In this country. There 13 (both)good and evil In life . He is as Old as I am. I am not his equalin knowledge. I am not as learned as he is. You are as bad as

I am good. He owes (is indebted) as much as you . We have asmuch as you. Z einab is not so beau tiful as Hind. The judgeis not so rich as the merchant. This cotton is as white as snow.

He has no understanding . He is as if he were a man withou tmind. Is there no danger to horses and mules on this road ? NO,there is no danger.

E x ercise 22.

ir

r ‘ujw b d é w ug) dd

)“

-x _

su b w a y s -ff wjb q Q - sx

rgf w flf

w

cu br“ sLK

UL

Us, U JM U

.

“m a i n — yf‘Iu l—( d u

y ggu hCLl{ a ll }

E x ercise 22 a.

Akhi baa mipl'

i waldkz’

n bint‘ammak mahish z é u lchthc

’

i. El-qugt.ma hai l, icebir z é

'l-ka lb. Qadd ma er-ragil da faqir qadd ma et-tagir

dikhd Mani. La ht'

ia giant qadd et-tc’

igir ldkin mush Icarim

qaddoh . Hal‘andalcfil l zis lcefir ? ‘

Andi mill ma‘andok min

elffulds wala/cin mush.kafa

'

g/ah lipaman haz a’

l-bét. Hal cl-ma

Maid Na'am ya sidi hil

'

a bd/ricl ka’

l-Ialg. Hat Ii .glgwyyeh f lkubbc

'

zyah l’

ishmb. Qadd é genénat'ammalo Icebi'rah ? Id lha arbi

’

in

Mag/wait, wa

t

ardhci khamsah wa talcum. F ihc‘

i z uhfir wa nabatd l

E x ercise 23 .

The season is three months. There are four seasons in theyear, viz . spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Autumn is the


season for fruit . The hofbe is man’

s companion (partner) both in

garrison and war. Man has eyes for the sense of sight, and earsfor the sense of hearing. The varieties of animals are numerous ;the flesh of the OX , the calf, and of cows is useful as food for man,and the milk, also , of cows and goats. What is the population ofEgypt ? The population of Egypt , leaving out Cairo, isThe population of Austria is This was the adviceof my father and mother. Life in this world has many ups and

downs. From the earliest times knowledge was diffused in thecountries of the east. HOW is the lady ? She is well, thank GodWho was the cause of this ? Iwas not the cause of this. Boy,

bring the tea-caddy. What is your father’

s profession ? My fatheris a gentleman. What trade is his uncle ? His uncle is a goldsmith . He is the father of the poor and miserable. Fear of Godis the head (chief) of wisdom. The wise man in the country of hisbirth is like gold in its mine.

E x ercise 2 4 .

w JQAIS XS AJ Qc M ) ;— Ls

us

flz( w w gs

stall ¢g

Cl)

b l g : clas h gal uc’ "

J ?“u ) .

4 !

w elm -

3

L3 u l( w0‘ JW J fiK u-e

’f j J‘“3—2-9“v bw w -

y w e

k i ll an : Ur n gsfi ui us U

s at.

U) , 9/

r“we?) a libi Lg ; g»c am, Uf

a,ml; as} ,

6 Us ;

at} sw

ung ; as) , g .)

Ural (at)B 2


E x ercise 24 a.

Bét cl-qadi mus]; ba‘id Ireli

fr min lama . H12a faqag

‘ala bu

'd {alcita t

amycil min hena . Banal'ammi kwyiscit walc

‘

i/cz’

n awladoh qabilxifn .

Ahad Ichaddcim el-melz'

lc c n ma'ale/ti f i

’

s-saiq embdrilz. E hda bunci t

cl-amir lcd’

m t ma'ummlui f i

’

s-subdlz ji

'l-genénah qarib m

-nahr.

F'

en akh bawdb saliiba/c dil-wagt Ana aftilcir innoh li's-atiq

cn—nahii/r da. Abel zégat a7_c_7§i'alz

'

m kepir. Ismoh 6 ? B it el-qcidifwa bu stcinoh h eyisin ketir wald/cin gen

'

énat alchoh mush, Iowyisah

qadd keda . Hu sa‘

n abtiya cl-gidid gowi kepir wa kwyis giddan .

.

Tamanoh loam Kan pamanoh alf dincir dahab. Bab cl-meclinah‘dli w

'éfridkejirwa ma

‘mtil min khashab. Kdnf i imm

'idan fadqlah

kebir‘ala

’

s-sufrah f i’

lMah bitc'

i‘

eti wa leanf ih fiam’

. Gib li luqmat'is_l_z ma kabayat ma la inai gi

‘an wa

‘agi tan Irelir. Kan cl-ta

'

g ir

f i’

s-miq‘andoh alf wa talagmiyah wa khamsin fratl s_h_di wa palatal;

ganagir sa le/car wa nusf w’

arba‘miyah wa khamsin dz

’

ra‘

gélrlc

iswz'

d ma abyagl f i dukkamoh. E l-genénah di gd lhci .talcitmiyah

era Ichamsah Ichatwdt wa‘ardha talatak wa sittin wa

’

l-bét illi jihciirtifa

'oh arbi

'in qadam. Kam wasn sakibat (bdlat) cl-qugn di ?

We znha qan tar wa talatat arba'taqriban. Da z é ba

'doh

‘andi.

E x ercise 25 .

This man is highly intellectual. The merchant is a very kindman. This judge is an illustrious and eminent person, well versedin affairs, by the intelligence of his administration. There wasa sultan in Egypt, who was most just, a carer for the safety (ofhis people), generous, and possessed of all good qualities ; and hehad a wise minister, who was a master of science , mathematics,and (elegance of) s tyle. He had two sons ; the name of the elderwas Shemseddin Mahmud

,and of the younger, Nureddin Ali. We

arrived at a well-ordered island, which was well wooded and fullof birds. I had a father, a merchant , who was a very wealthy man.

One of the merchantswas very rich in goods, a dispenser of favours,and the owner of slaves and servants, and he had a number ofwives and children. This minister is wise, of keen understanding,and an upright administrator. The king was of great eminence


and lofty power, and he had immense wealth and a strong army,and he had three daughters and one son ,

and he was possessedof great knowledge , goodness, intellect and statesmanship.

E x ercise 26 .

Usi ng Una, J) : U L a s}

;

Us i us

S us i as i sm,L§- U

\,m Am

,

. .

UUs 31, M a .» L. h e USLQLeas

e l

a l so? i, ,s \

U5, USi h e UL.J g Um

£35 024“w ‘

i' W U)” r

“1535

all“f“as,“ra t Us wa s) s

‘bl me a jam, J L. w e.

(I:,3 UK

as) E U.» a w

,1 .x Um, gs Jpn

as", (

u MA L -M sf

UmJ .“at; {a Uginf s

Us, J ob.“Ugh ; UKre

“a} . In

Us», JL. gals“Las t Us, if f y as . gi Lao , LBy e

E x ercise 26 a.

Hdz a cl-ragil karim en-nafs diarif cl-asl. Hal en-ncis dbl ba lid in

ow Ireslanin fagafi? El-asllgc'

ir wa’

l-gibalfi'l-bila

'

d di ketirat cl

alwc'

in. Tugc'

vr cl-medinah dikhd asbabasl iglgal gieyibin ketir wa lakin

aslu'

bb cd-dakc'

ikin hena mc‘

z bums/a. fnashitin wala shiitirin . Eu -m'

is

f i z amcin mubammad ma kanfish hdrrin el-af/ccir u'a la asluib

‘adl.

Muhammad [can'abcl a llcih wa mir cd-din. 18m u

'a zir cl-fia lifah

mir eel-din loan al ien s cd-din‘

a li ma [can Z lb‘

ilm wa sabib ma'

l

w’

ai lglai l. LOI1. palatal awlad wa bin lin . Kan ism cl-u'a lad

el-awwal‘

ali wci’

g-pani mubammad wa’

t-{cilil ltassan w'ism cl-bt

’

ntén

z énab wa kind . Ka ll awlc’

zdoh kdn zi figugu‘

cin kepir a hl‘

ilm. wa'

l

binie'

n imratén gamilatén wa lmsnci t es-sim h . Alzad mu lcik el-‘agam

kcin naushirwan al-‘

cidil wa lal in nasr eel-d in ( skim til/c cl

alc‘

m wa Mia gdlim. Wisilnci i7a medinah ma'm zirah kepi

'ran ma

kcin ahlhc'

i asbc‘

ib ma? wa (cumin es-sirah wa ahl adab u'a basatinhci

sat gill wa guy/fir.


E x ercise 27 .

Lead is heavier than iron. This river is broader than the riverNile . She is prettier than her sister. The light of the moonis less than the light of the sun. A wise enemy is better thanan ignorant friend. A live dog is better than a dead lion . Thereis no longer river in the world than the blessed river Nile . Themoon is forty—nine times as small as the earth . The sun is thirteenhundred thousand times larger than our globe. He is greedierthan a dog . There is no one more avaricious than he is. Mightis right . Solomon was the wisest of mankind. TheMediterraneanis the largest sea in the world. The mountain of Kaf is the

greatest mountain in the world. The Himalayas are the highestmountains in the world. The diamond is the most valuable of alljewels. Liberality in the poor is the highest form of generosity .

Tod ay is the shortest day in the year. The stars are shiningbodies in heaven

,and the brightest among them is the sun. Many

animals have stronger senses than man ; thus, with the dog, itssense of smell is both stronger and keener. Europe is a morepopulous portion than all the other parts of the world, and its

inhabitants are also very well educated. As ia is four times largerthan Europe.

E x ercise 28 .

J) ; U..L0u

U. l l3 ) l 0 9

>

00l 0

‘ m id J uli)

‘uiU

s M a l J ag-l LJ all: UM

7 ” a» a» JAEas

as. w t as »? w t

;uivei-v Gill i - Jgi U‘ J f g

“Le g a l)

. . Jfil 0‘ Us ! M all UL,” J‘s . ufi)UL““

J ul

cam U

LAl, Cm U

s, c

ats Lube”

E x ercise 28 a.

Dars alchtilc en -nakc‘

ir da asleal min embarilz. En-nas dbl gcihilin

kepir walakin ahl bildcl el-‘

agam lz'

ssx aghal. E l-howa alchafi'min


61-1716 wa’l-Zaadid a__7chaf min ezk rusas. Hal genéuat abtilc agwal

min di ? Hiya agwal bi mag/at fiagwah w’

a'ard ketiran . Fill

wallid tagirf i’

s-saq (illi h zZa) calcib“M al w'ismoh

'abd-sr-ral¢man

walc'

zkin (114 t f i medinat buglida'

d gi ani aleyar mim wh wa alchiih

hena glani alcyar min cl-lcu ll. E l-melilc su limcin [can abkam en-nds

wa [can ak,‘ar gami

‘mu liik z amanoh mcilan w

'ilman wa tagwa .

Gibe'

il auroba‘

aliyah walc'

zlcin gibcil amerika a'ali wa gibal el-himl

a'ali min el -Irull. E l-f il liaiwc

’

in nafiwalakin cl-gamal a nfa'

wa'l-busan cl-anfa

'.

E x ercise 29 .

What did you eat this morning ? I ate until I was satisfied .

We ate until we were satisfied. The girl ate until she was satisfied. You ate and drank until you were satisfied . They neitherate nor drank. t ere were you yesterday ? I was looking feryou . Where did you go, we looked for yOu yesterday ? Did you

look for us tod ay ? NO, we did not seek you . Iwrote you a note .I wrote this letter to you . We wrote two letters to you. You

did not write us an answer to the first letter. We wrote youanother letter. Why did they not write us an answer ? Why didyou not smoke ? \Vhat is this book ? From whom did you takeit ? I took it from my

'

uncle’

s son. We took money frbm our

father. Did you not know what occurred ? No, sir, we did not

know what happened. I heard strange things to day. What didyou learn ? I learnt nothing. I had heard much about him. Wehad not heard much about h er. Had you sought her the daybefore yesterday ? NO, we had not looked for her the day beforeyesterday ? You had written this letter in haste. He had not

understood this letter. I had not understood this letter. Theyhad heard much about us. She had not known what occurred.

We arrived at a pleasant island. Your dear letter arrived at themost auspicious hour.

E x ercise 30.

J ag, at. AA,»

"

um Us UL“! J,‘


.. Usa as, i ts Jr; gTiLaYt - m’

l J .“a n

LsY

Aw {w sf s s

» «as s Qu obj-”n

U. ai V o l gm

uK‘AKL-Jl “3 v b Bi téTJB J ?) W l‘ “

UH?” a? 94m0us e. 3b) ébfi é

E x ercise 30 a.

Ana katabt gawab ila ummi f i [Lam's-cabal; wala/cin akhi lccin

katab lika gawab awwal embarih.

'Ammeti maIratabetsh li en-nahc

'

ifr

(la . Waz ir cl-melik ragil kakim wa‘

alim katab wa targam ku lub

ketirah . Hal ar-ragil darab cal-{mean b

‘

a'

sri ow bikurbc'

ig 7 paraboh

marciran b'asa

" ‘a la rasoh . Mei fakimetsh '

el-imrat (2 gal likci cl-Qadi .

Hiya kdnet belidah khd lis. Lé ma ka tabtsh loh gazpcib ? Ana

katabt loh walakin hiia [can rah . Mimia sami’

t ente lzliabar cl-barb

f i's-siiddn embarilz ? F i gawcib min

'ammi . E

’

Iain'andulcum

li'

lf ugdr es-sabdfo da ? Kan'andnci qahwah w

'ésh wa bid wa

fawdlcih. E sk-shd i ahabb'a léya min el-qahwah f i

’

l-fictzir. Jll ci

fahimtish sr-ragil qci l 8 ? Ana qult loh inn ka lamoh [can gfiér

nafi'wa bila ma

'na .

E x ercise 31.

U L);U s Liam jailUA W

-A

ERW»; L

oni

2.134 .“l wan t u‘ ti l 13th can! data

,

5? an as. sfg“a s .

Jim ou t w as».w] UU QYl o

’

i69 h , ZJ

J Yi M bevil li

(”K

Lt}


out yet ? NO , sir, we have not gone out yet. What has happened ?The soldiers struck me with their swords on the head. We wrotetwo letters besides those which we had written.

Ex ercise 33 .

The wisest man is he who perceives the consequences (of anything). The most wicked man is the educated man, who makesno use of h is learning. Everything in the hand of the slavebelongs to his master. He is contented with whatever God hasappointed to h im. The highest part of the body, which is thechest, contains the heart and th e lungs. I sent you the things

1“which you were seeking. Contentment profits health and soul too .

The spring is the most pleasa nt season of the year, and during iteverybody goes out into the gardens. Europe has many manufactories, which were the cause of th e wealth of her people . Thecontinent ofEurOpe ends in a southerly direction in three peninsulas

,

the first of which is Spain, the second Italy, and the third Turkey.

Fog is a sea Of vapour, which becomes fine drops Of water.

E x ercise 3 4 .

$11 en)"La ts. gTJ a S — szc lz Lsfll g as” W C.UL

J a e}

; as da y» J e — w QM {35 ,31l Uta h};

h asBl an UKQLA or“U;

3

ULE ML;

b asil Lr'Ji’ we.“in eléfib l U3) A

§l

LA

in u‘jfl‘fie » ; c w He fiq fl fi/

‘i fimsa lt a! »

Uta; safe s

E x ercise 3 4 a.

Akhi b'yeklub gawdb f i

’

l-b'

qlak bita'etoh . Timil é Irena ? Ana

aqla‘cl-g6k_h

'ala gfid/n cl-Zgli éya

'

g illi ra’

ilz yi’

mil li badlah minnoh .

Hal Iuia rdgil mugtahid wa gi‘mil el-badlah bi

’

l-‘

agal ? E l-lzusan


illi sj‘uftohfife-eiig cmbdrilz lean iswid w’

ana a'rif sdltiboh illi

‘aziz

yebi oh . Ana ma aqdarsjg asa'dalc ma

'andi§hfid tis . Ata

'rif tan-mic

illi ga'zi libiti f i

’

l-medi'nah ambit/rill wa galamZ f ill-Mi laid 6871

.gjgagarah cl-lccbirah ? Ana mc'

fva'nfhumsj walalcin sfii‘ribzi dukhkhan

wa qahwah li’

l-misa wa ba'dén leharagzi . B ikini er-rcigil el

-‘agii z

'alim ke fir ya

'rif

‘

ilm el-‘

hisab wa [tadis cl-gurcin . Hal tz'

s_h,rib

mas s_hwyyeh nibit wa sigarah ? La Icajyar Ichéralc kelir ana ma

ishribsh dukhkka'

n wa shurb en-nibit baram‘and

’

mi .

E x ercise 35 .

JE J'b DU

o’fi w jj

xu bif fi w éu l

gW j ub f fl b L

’

Pr

u‘lfl j g

u l s t l J l J a s _ ls Cu l

ggs l w

Ms J IUR Amwa

d-

AhU )e arn Y, an 3

) Us

. Jim

u s sUt J l é c mé Us e/ b u

g,

JJ l Ub é c ta allg fi uumcsb

t}

E x ercise 35 a.

F i’

l-bilc‘

id dildwi nahr‘arid ketir w

’

umqoh‘

isl Tin jalatin qaddam.

Hal Inia sari'qadd mc

‘

z ktia‘

arid wa‘amiq 2 Law [cunt Iratabt lob

cmbc'

i'rib l'lccin wi ll libét akhi f i g-cabal: da . Fasl es_b; -8_hita algaf

M ail es-sanalp f i bar'r m asr liaan el-lél mush barid ziya'

dali n'a

la en-n ahar bar z iycidah . Shirib cl-Icalb cl-mog/ah f i’

k-lcubbdyah

waldkin ma kansk akal cl-la lzm'a la

'l-arql. Hog el-moyah gambi

‘a la

’

s-sufrah di wa hat algwyyet nibit. Ka ll Sllé mifi‘li'

l- i'nsdn haia

f i’

el-dunya‘ala shimilli

'anduhum sabr yesci

'dii anf asuhum.

E x ercise 8 6 .

Where are you going to ? To Tantah . Where are you going ?TO Ghez eereh (the island). Is he walking or riding ? We do notknow. Where is your brother? I do not know. He is sitting at

his work. Where does be live ? He lives downstairs (below).I live upstairs (above). Where is the tribe pitched ? The tribeis camped in this place. Do you not understand me ? I do not

understand. He understands nothing. Do you know Arabic ?


Yes, I know a little . W hat is the weather like ? The weatheris bad. It is raining slightly. From which way does the windcome ? From the east. How are you ? I am only so SO. Myhead is giddy from too much work. Sit down a little . Sit in

front of us. Sit there ! Boy ! do your work. Open the door.

Shut the door. Light a pan offire. Open (p ) the doors. Shutthe windows. Groom,

wash the horse. IVash h is head with soap .

Will you kindly do me a favour,sir ? Go into the house and bring

out a bowl of water. Put on your coat. Dress yourself well, theair is cold out. Learn your lesson by heart, my son. GO to school.Sit with the wise, and shun the ignorant. Listen to the wordsof your teacher. Let us go to the garden to-morrow. DO whatappears fitting to you . Act according to orders. What did youdo ? I translated t his chapter. \Vhat did you do ? We translated this letter from German into Arabic. What are you doing ?I am playing with my sister. Does this horse please you ? Thishorse pleases me very much . This horse does not please us.

I had arrived before him. You had arrived after us. He had

entered the house before us. I had gone out.'

We returned fromhunting before you . If the weather keeps like this we will gointo the garden. If the weather is bad we will remain at home.He who keeps silent never repents. He who digs a well for hisbrother will surely tumble into it (himself).

E x ercise 3 7 .

Uaiflei_ sbfi, u c

g gw UKLQC) Ew ell» at m bi

raf t ure er “ALE /g i s t L A .“

U Uni/gt?

roy al

M aui w p wu c nsfi f jss wa a,

CLAIUas, as. “( gmJAJ IIUTM L a n

. . zUALaJI

JL UUg

LLl-

CE LUUg

l ihlfscje

- ehcb 32911 95

‘5‘e9lM df w g‘JJ‘cr ow/

(J

ojapn y et. us A? U

K


aq u a g i g g led;

w

e; o o ° o 0 0

li é f w ts_U

AUg{Al l};

gé a b gscs"

E x ercise 3 8 .

Was he sitting on the chair ? Yes, he was sitting on the chairin front Of the table. Did he understand ? I do not knowwhetherhe understood or not. What were you doing ? We were smoking.

We were not drinking wine. What was she doing ? She wasspinning. What were they doing to you ? They beat me. Theywill have finished th eirwork before you return from market. WhenI return from the town you will have done your work. I shallhave finished by six o’clock. At what house are you staying ?At the house of my cousin (uncle

’

s son) Sayyid Abd Allah .

Common longcloth is made of linen and flax . Cotton is Obtainedfrom a small tree , and is Spun, and calico made ' from it. Woolis the product of the sheep, and from it is made felt. The doorsof the houses

,the windows, tables, and cupboards are made of

a white wood, and painted with paint of various colours. Thecaps which are used by man are made out of the skins of animals,and also of silk. They make kites of paper painted with oil .

The kits is tied with string. Metals are buried in the earth .

Manufactured gold and silver contain a small quantity of COpper,the amount of which is known by the touchstone. Europe is morepopulated than all the rest of the portions of the globe, and itscountries are full of towns ; and its farms are cul tivated withthe greatest care. The day and night are divided into twenty-fourhours, and the hour is divided into six ty minu tes. This book wasprinted in the city of Cairo, at the Boulack press, in the year I30 1 .

E x ercise 3 9 .

U\

$25} s s Uji bl J JJ J l jg“L‘s/a Lu

“g’ J)““i“( w ll val s ») “g"

ulllc uKfi‘jf ’ !

w e u s a Jl J a i gi L-y

KE’

J J“:

J"

Jo g}; J“u‘“g ff ‘

J“dz;


asamamudi d, 9 5 4 1 tabs V AST

a»

get; u a ) ! g ;

.g vfi1 u V13 3”

;

gas Mu d — g t?)

.3\ u m al l ‘g d z g gl

wgb@‘— 9fl su

m9g, t i e- as s

: a s

are 911"

fick le “5: Biw asU \

€J \l a i J ae

— (MM; or) as !)

c)“ck f b f - ssw

’ 0 v o 'o 3 ’ 0 0 f " 4 0

1-97

0 . " f ’ 3 00

.p ois) he““f r J s gs: d?» UK” J si

o ° w f o o a c,

Q a t r ‘: a I ! o U“ f a o n o . s o

.

2o

n

. .

J smg ss s af jsj nuw s aws Jig“Jua n } : u

p

0 o" a ll.

a z d " c c.

' n z ! a o "a n , 0 d

L» am aw fe w /eM .a»u‘fmj‘fl ‘use

4.

E x ercise 4 0.

The doorkeeper Opened the door of the house with the key.

The writer was sitting in the quarter writing a letter for thepeasant. Did the carpenter saw the wood with the saw ? Tellmy servant to sweep the study well with the broom. I am

going out now to the meeting (party) at the h ouse of my fri endAbd-el-Kareem Pasha. Th e cock was in the kitchen cooking thefood for the travellers, who were Sitting outside the rest-hou se inthe shade of the large trees near the river. Go to Mr. So and 8 0’sstudy and give h im this letter. The mosque of Rl-Az har is an

assembly of the learned in Cairo . The travellers did not stop atthis stage, but at the second stage from here . The sun rises inthe east and sets in the west. This paper is not ruled with theruler. Th e Boulack press is the most complete press in Egypt,and this is due to the energy of its enlightened and clever director.

I did not find my friend at h is house, and they informed me that


he was sent for to the meeting. E .H. the Khedive , Tewfik Pasha,visited the school belonging to the Ministry of Public Instruction ,

and will honour all the schools by visiting them. The priest isstanding in the mosque , praying. If you please lend me a key.

E x ercise 4 1.

Cd! . . l Js s, c

. .sfiJsmfl, 49 35. UKU UI

6“m _ gnt g c

u ; ifi f mifl gfiu

4 1 s

M'UallU lr dl s s =

9_rlfli

g-J v

tw

ig..

J G cL-J iiJm

f'c J

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E x ercise 4 2 .

How is yourbrother ? I do not know. Iwrote him two letters,but he has not answered. He has not answered yet. From the

hour of his departure we have had no news of him. When are

you going to start ? I shall leave the day after to morrow. Shallyou go by land or sea ? I am going by steamer. If you wouldwrite me a letter, I will answer at once. Fulfil your promise .May God cause you to arrive safely. They informed me abou t thisbusiness. Inform me if you get the money. I sent it you bypost , but you did not reply. This business will not succeed inyour hands. Did you let him know from the beginning ? I had


told him about it a long time ago. He took out the purse fromthe Old man

’

s pocket, and taking the key out of it, he opened thesaddle-bag and took one of the two purses ; he then put back theother purse, and shut the saddle-bag , and replacing the keythe bag put it in the Old man

’

s pocket. How is your father ?Give him my kind regards (i. e . wish h im well on my part). It

appears he is a good man. He showed piety. He mediatedbetween his brothers and took them into partnership in his

business. This is a big affair in my opinion. This is a goodidea. This saddle-bag will do capitally for these clothes. If you

please, sir, give me a little coffee. With all my heart (on my eyesand head). Thank you ! Boy, finish your work ! I finished thiswork in three hours. Boy, go up on to the roof, and bring downthe mosquito curtain which we spread in the sun ! This is nother watch. It is out of order. Send it to the watchmaker sothathe may repair it.

E x ercise 4 3 .

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this stone ? This stone is too heavy for me, I cannot move it.Boy, wash the horse. Take down the mosquito curt ains. Makethe bed

,and send the watch to the watchmaker so that he may

repair it. It is impossible for me to do that which has beenarranged for me. He is very rich ; he can spend one hundredpiastres a week. How much can you spend a month ? I can

spend three hundred piastres a month but during the last month ,I only spent two hundred. Can you tell me where Mr. Shakurel-Khooree lives ? Yes, he is at present interpreter in the officeof the paymaster of the English army in Cairo

,but I cannot tell

you where he lives. Neither plants nor trees are capable Of movement by themselves for they are fix ed in the earth .

E x ercise 4 6 .

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KEY To EX ERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 35

E x ercise 4 7 .

He is small and weak, and notwithstanding all this,he ex erts

himself a great deal. He played instead of working. You onlythink of play. He had already washed himself

,and had dressed

when I entered. This town is large and contains several markets .

He borrowed two hundred piastres. The number of the populationoi -Austria amounts to forty millions. I was obliged to go out.

We were obliged to go out. Work, but slowly, and do not hurryyourself. Ii we place ourselves in front of the sun in the middleof the day, then we have the east on our left, and the west onour right ; the south in front of us, and the north behind us. Theair which fishes breathe is found in the water. Air is an ex ceedingly light substance, and from its movements arises wind

,which

colours the sky az ure. Water drops from the air in the form ofrain. The year is divided into twelve months. The lunar year iscomposed of 354 days. Brass is composed of three parts of copperand one part of z inc. Bell metal is composed of 78 parts (okes) ofc0pper mix ed with 2 8 parts (okes) of tin. The minister is a wiseman and e x perienced in affairs. He is a man in debt from borrowing people

’

s money. He borrowed from the merchants until at

last he greatly increased his debt. Metals are always mix ed withother substances. Tin ex pands less than iron. The ministerordered the slave to be brought before him. What are you waitingfor, sir ? I am ex pecting the slave with the key of the house.Mankind and all animals only live by breathing air. The greatestdiligence is incumbent upon you in the acquirement of knowledge.

E x ercise 4 8 .

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36 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRA MMAR, PARr II

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E x ercise 4 9 .

Your father loves your brother more than you do. There arepeople who prefer truth to sugar. People always like leisure morethan service. This cloth is very dear, we want some cheaperthan that. Here it is ; how do you like it ? It is incumbent onmankind to love virtue . Do you not like drinking wine ? No,

I do not like it. I like making improvements in my h ouse .Would you like some bread and a little butter ? Do you likeeating apples ? I think that you like play. I think that you willfulfil your promise. We had not thoug ht that they were going tostart xto-morrow. What is the matter with the clock so that itdoes not strike ; perhaps it is spoilt ? As soon as noon arrives

(strikes) we sit down to table . Where does this road lead to ?This shows me that his words are wanting in sincerity. The dogsmells things at a greater distance off than man. Boy, lock thedoor with the key or only close it ! Draw the curtain . Setthe chairs out for me , and put them in their places. Put the foodon the table . Pile up the plates and the wine-glasses. Wash thehorse and put the saddle and bridle on h im. Howmany paras arethere in the paper, count them ? Stretch your feet out to theex tent of your quilt (i. e . cut your coat according to your cloth).0

,my son ! pay attention to everything until you talk well.

According as I pay attention, so I shall learn. The world is coldwithou t. We feel the cold in the room. If you rub two piecesof sugar together a slight spark will be produced. I adhered to


E x ercise 50.

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E x ercise 51.

He had arrived by steamer. When .he arrives in Cairo he willsend you a book. I had fallen from the horse . The birds werefalling from the trees owing to the severity of the cold. Misfor

tune falls on those who are least ex pecting it. This box holdsthree and a half pounds. This room holds eight or nine people.This place will not hold us. Not a penny has reached us fromyou . You promise according to your liOpeS. My h ead achesevery night for an hour or two. Her eyes ache. There are manypeople who love me more than you . The air which fishes breatheis found in the water. Metals are found buried in the earth


Too much drinking bru taliz es the intellect. What did this bookcost you (stand you in) ? The climate of this country does not suitmy constitution. The first duty of the child is obedience.

E x ercise 5 2.

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E x ercise 5 3 .

I saw you yesterday in wthe baz aar. We have not seen you fora long time. I am delighted to see you well. We went yesterday to the pasha

’

s at the Boulack press. She went with herbrother. My friend died of his disease after ten days, and he

was always at the point of death . All the soldiers of the EnglishArmy will soon leave this country. The climate of this countrydoes not suit their health . Imight have gone, but since last year


until now I had not again thought about it. And where do youwish to go ? Iwant to go to Italy. Yesterday I saw somethinglarge in the court, which the porters brought fromBoulack. Whatwas it ? How did you sleep last night ? I sat up during the pastnight and slept little. I did not sleep, because my uncle hadasked people to supper. What is the meaning of this ; you are

sleeping without your clothes ? Yes, sir, with only a shirt . Are

you not afraid of catching cold ? I always sleep clad. I am afraidof the dampness of the night. I sleep on the roof without cover.

I cannot stand the heat, but when it gets cold I Sleep clothed.

How are you ? How did you sleep during the night which haspassed ? Sleep well and arise in health . Where are you going ?I am unwell, my head swims. Do what appears fitting to you .

The moon revolves round the earth .

E x ercise 5 4 .

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4 0 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART II

Ex ercise 55 .

Truly this appeared so to me. The tray seems made of brass.

You would do better to say that it seems made of iron . Thishouse looks like the fort. The convent which you see thereappears like a palace . From the first it was apparent that thisthing was right. What has become of him ? After being poorhe became rich . Boy, bring me a little water for me to wash .

Very good, sir, I will bring it to you directly. Give me a littlecoffee. Yes, sir, I am going at once. Sir

,Mr. So and So wants

you . What does he want ? I do not know. Go and inquire.Tell him that I am busy. Tell him that I have gone out. 0

,sir

,

he knows th at you are at home . Go now and keep a sharp lookout there . Yes

, sir, Iwill not move from here. What does thisboy want who is kissing my hands ? What is the matter with you ,

you are sad ? Never mind, sir ! My head is giddy, the heatannoys me . Do you know how to swim in the river ? Certainly Iknow how to swim

, (and) I swam in the sea. Well,but do you not

know that some one was drowned yesterday ? For how much will

you sell me this horse ? I have no intention of selling my horse .At what price is a pair of large skins sold ? For two hundredpiastres. IS not corn sold in this village ? How is it sold ; cannotyou bring us some of it ? Cannot we send a portion of it ? Tellthe peasants to bring us something to eat. We will keep themsafe, never fear. Bring us three camels on hire. Find fivedonkeys for us. Most of the animals you brought us are weakly.

There are three camels and four mules among them which are

not fit for service ; you must bring us others. Come along ! letus go to market. Go with us (and) let us take a walk. Go stra ightand do not dawdle on the way. Yes

,sir

,I will not st0p any

where. Go home, but go straight and at once . Come, stand up!

E x ercise 5 6 .

I am soon going to my village . Is your village far from here ?Yes

,sir, it is far. Does one go by land or by sea ? One goes by

land. Are you going to ride or walk ? We are going to ride, forone goes through the mountains. Bring me a little fire. What

212 P RACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART II

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E x ercise 5 8 .

Is the house where you live , and to which we are going, farfrom here ? Are we going to walk or ride ? We did not forgetour promIse. I thought that he would be pleased. He was not

pleased with him. Will you hire my house of me ? I let him my

garden . Howmuch is this cloth ? It is twenty piastres the ell.

You have an ex ceedingly nice watch . It is at your service (takeit freely). Thank you , bu t how much is it ? What did you payfor it ? The gentleman sold it for thirty pounds. It is not dear,and it is a good watch. If you are pleased with it, it is at yourdisposal . Thanks for your kindness

,I do not want it, sir. The

judge bought his neighbour’

s garden for one thousand dirhems.

For how much did you buy this horse ? I bought him for two

hundred pounds. For how much will you sell me this donkey ?That is too dear for me, I cannot buy him. If I had had moneyby me, Iwould have bought this book. They bought fifty ells ofvelvet at one hundred piastresthe ell. When you have quite Soldall our goods, buy us nails instead. Will you no t be found

"

at

home to-morrow You will find the book underneath the table .

KEY To EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 4 3

When Shall we begin lessons ? Iwaited a full hour for him. Donot let us wait for you. Wait for me at nine to-day. For how

much did you sell your horse ? I sold my horse for a thousandpiastres. You told me that yesterday, many times ; but to-dayI have forgotten it. What did they call the boy ? They calledhim J acch, the son of Abd-allah the son of Z eid.

E x ercise 5 9 .

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4 4 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART 11

E x ercise 60.

At what time will you take the emetic ? Iwill take it earlyto-morrow. Did he take a carriage ? Iwill take you on my side .May I get my uncle’s consent ? We will take a pigeon to eat withus. We shall not get in without any money. Take a loaf of breadin yourpocket . Take a littlemilk. Eat and drink. Take thismoney.Indigo is derived from the juice of a plant. The majority of plantsdraw their nourishment through their fruit and roots

, and hencemedicines are derived therefrom. The metal from which iron isderived is a substance mix ed with red earth . The ornamentwhich is made of silver has one-fifth of copper in it. The rebelstook many of our army prisoners. Th e captain ordered me tocome to him the nex t day and begin the work, but I could not

come be fore now. The sick man recovered, and I congratulatedhim on his recovery. Who will venture to resist the Government ?God pities us as the father pities his son. The ministry wasformed to-day with Nubar Pasha at its head. I have commencedthe study of the Arabic language, and am now reading in the newbook. Riaz Pasha refused to accept the ministry ex cept under(certain) conditions. I heard that my neighbour has let a flat ofhis house, and wants to let the other. Do not ask me aboutto -day’s news, for it is as (black as) pitch . We are delighted tosee you, sir, (your honour has pleased us.) May God keep you.

E x erc ise 61.

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KEY TO EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 4 5

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E x ercise 62.

I shall return late to-day. The father is coming late to-night.Was the king pleased with the ministers ? We are highly delightedto see you . You have pleased us to-day. Give us the pleasure

(of your company) to-night. No, please ex cuse us. You are

without ex cuse . He refused to come until now. He must comeat this hour. He came to me at seven o’clock. He has not

been to me. Where have you been to ? I looked for you yesterday.

I did not come to you because the mud and slush were so bad.

You came to me at four o’clock. I came to Austria in the year1 883 . If I had known

,Iwould not have come alone . Stay till

I come back. I am coming to fetch you at four o’clock. He

thought that I should not come. Shall you come to-day ? For

God's sake, come ! Is it a long time that you are staying in thiscountry ? About a year. The tailor is coming the day aftertom orrow. The winter is drawing near.


E x ercise 6 3 .

He acts according to the orders which he receives from theminister. Whence does he give them (their) salary ? I want youto come together ; because if you were to come by yourself hewould be jealous. Tell them to come and not be afraid. It is

now going on four months that I am here . Are you not coming ?Wh ence does he come ? He comes from Al ex andria. We will leavethis until nex t week. I saw my father in my sleep. I came andfound you going to bed . Did you ever see or hear of such a manin your life ? I have seen few people so well informed as he is.I can only see one house . The face of the moon which we see ,

is the one we always see,and we never see th e other side . The

size of the moon at its rising appears as large as the sun , and thestars are only seen as bright points, and being so far off, we see

them so small. If God wills,everything will come to pass. What

God wills, happens ; and what He doe s not will, does not happen.

Command u s as you will. Ask what you desire. If you like, thenIwill direct you to his house.

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KEY To EXERCISES AND STORIES IN PART I 4 7

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Fab le 1.

THE DEER AND THE FOX .

Once upon a time a deer being thirsty came to a spring ofwater to drink, and the water was in a deep well, Now, how

ever much he tried to reach it,he was unable to do so. The fox

on seeing him said, O brother ! you did wrong in not thinkinghow to get out before you descended (into the

Fab le 2.

THE DEER AND THE LION.

Once upon a time a deer frightened by hunters fled away intoa cave

,where a lion entered and strangled him. The deer then

said to himself, ‘Woe is me how unlucky I am ; Ifled away fromman to fall into the hands of one who is much more powerful.’

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4 8 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR,PART II

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F able 3 .

THE RABBITS AND THE rox x zs.

Once upon a time there was war between the vultures and therabbits. The latter went to th e fox es to demand an alliance withthem, and help against the vultures. So these said in reply tothem,

‘bad we not known you , nor known with whom you werefighting, then we would have done so.

’

Fab le 4 .

THE WOMAN AND THE HEN.

A woman had a hen , which used to lay a silver egg every day.

The woman said in h er own mind, if I increase its food, it willlay two eggs a day ; but when she increased its food, its bellyburst and it died.

E x ercise 66 .

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Fab le 6 .

THE BLACK SMITH AND THE DOG.

A blacksmith had a dog, which was always asleep as long as

the blacksmith was at Work ; but whenever he gave over workand sat down with his companions to have a meal, the dog got up.

The blacksmith said to him, Oh , you bad clog, how is it that thenoise of the hammering, which causes the very earth to tremble ,does not awake you , yet you get up directly you hear the sound ofchewing ?

E x ercise 67 .

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Once upon a time a lion attacked two bulls,but they both

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he deceived him and promised that he wouldnot oppose them if he would only separate from his companion ;but when they did so, he throttled them both .

THE WOLVES.

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the water until th ey reach ed down to the skins, and then to eat

them up. But they all burst from the great quantity of waterwhich they drank and died, and they had not (even then) reach edthe skins.

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r? (smacked his ( hops) 1613 11J djs

’

f , bra d

Wel l s 41111g

a g (filled) sb l,

1: M 531 d J 13

13 31 J 13 r

ad$1 J 1§3 _ U

J: J AA

J1k1.7 11 11] J lfi . .Esa w l

t nu u s

w 4 1 11A» 1>A3 (takes food) uK sAg$1“

J 13 ) (a good digestion to you) L9. J ay“1d J lfi of

. ) u b/

ntox icated) up J ag. 1131 r?24 111111 4 111 ulfa d

Jag“(slapped) rU, 3Ag JL‘Lr?

a. $1 J

13-3 1. J 133

rK J z-jl C,

i13.l (delicious) 31351111vi a l-1: (fumes)jg

evil-1‘13 u

,s

,. at . (i f ; en-é $1

51f l F; 1A11 Y

, (companion) uf (pardoned)

1» (reposed) C rhhlb

L? (skilled); ya, (Open country) L3

gi g wk)

(revealed)$1131) x“, {

1311—11Aid

r1.6: UK) (agriculture) £9

1

PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART II

rLg .s d1 611

131365)

J KJ1M 533

flu w— M b‘wfl‘w g eb — wfi u h we

(retinue) rte ) VA; 19 13) C“) (court)

( 3135 ’ s 131 5 1.5 1.3

0: e 09 .3111a JLA

33 51155 (an alms) F1“ (porters) 131 V

313

(choose), 1. 1.L13. 31

313 3 14 3 - 13 13“

13“ (chief place) g“

311;0° 133 (greeted) J ? “

J 13, C3(3313

Ac) r? (starving) $ 3 31) iAU1 ‘3

131 511wk ?“11

(basin) J13t..111

(3. (called) Cu, , 3:

331

Ju d, J 13 “UlJA a (water-jug) 6 9 11)

161322 Q M - gJ 1 73m gLU sQ M 3

1P1B

1233.$1$513 r

1.6 (dinner 13

03 12 Jb) ‘C19 r;

$5 3 (ashamed) Uf

a 1, V111

J. { 133 3 9

-3 1 Js r

’

J 13-

13 - 1 13, AA ,

1. J 133

J1,.11311

13 1, 1:1.J.

3 11

J1 .1 JB (fun) C5.11, (joke) ”111

3331, c“33 J13-3 331»M 1‘s (girl) 39 134 13313331)“74°


rm.

13113161w £ 131fi 1 3 1sd13 131w |3b(11313 131q n

J 133 _ 1, 33

(113 - 33

J 1'

1CA!

1133011,

61-5231 4111) J 13 d og

J3

gsfi g J

fi,

y m t dm_ 4mr

.1 13

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1,3}. 5 r3

313fl 1p

J 13-

33 - 313.

w 1 é 3 m 131Jé -

fl

J ..1 31. g5, 311. 11

Pu 351

rs

78 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR,PART 11

(13 3111 14 3. E T, A A A

13‘ r313J13, JAR

C11311 01

1GR, w fi r3 W A A TTAT

Ne wfif-‘f gwum m 1

3x» routs v

.

u 1 , 131, wfi a s, fib w m

rfifi y

rfiu

(a , J a bfly (

A31) ARTm)

19 1,11S3/3J

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-“M

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go/

J13 _ r1w

t93,

1 J 1ju

us

eM u gw

J o ; c1,111 JSTU. 1: 3

}? q 4 13 - 314 3

$ 31 ,1i

$53 6 9331MT131

r‘ 12131 J 13 r

!“Us

£33

k! J tu — Tb ‘) u yl fié Ug l

") 34 112 51111a) ;

-c‘) g5 113 131

um“be ! 4 391wslg (Al l ! QSALT r

s} ! JLS 153-3 Y JG

m! Cf} ? rm, was ; ( 4

31k L131? ) C“? 1

"

3 JJ “( JD d ue? 0 31

) JU elf -21 J 13 m l; JUL; u .»

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Vi : J 13

Ace. A, A n Crew” 54 1; 33

a: 1. w eff“

11m

E5; J 13 “ cv? u3.1911, r

aw W m T JJ 31 131,


(non est) 3311 nus

-A 1, (end) 33 1311 8

1313‘{ I3 13

'

w J !

dfl oq t eliS J d JUj _ oLall ujb “Nubia .

Q’“ d): 3b (conquered) (silent) “i n

u},

angry) J ? )

J ib (loser) J‘B. Mm elfl $ 9 . JLfl (melted) Vb“

J ib J ot: E14 : (fill, (dishonourable) J sl

'

a. (friend) (spoil)

iJ k-Jb dia ls JUL

’

o Ska-la. U 13] (cries) ug’ J ; 131111

v .6 (nonsense) f r] d ame) jg] 5.1L;

0 (dismissed) di s

r? wa l la dUacb u h

1315 5 5,, 9‘U

, s nu b, ,

13,

A?) r"U

m Umb M1313 U

K,a,J1, 13 192

3“

,J

USUA L u 1 sn 13

’

1ra s

d‘O }, U‘J ” (

.UY‘Li a” LgJ — Zof ln 8) u) r-Q)

a}? Jg “fl“UL“) 15 9“J CL) 56 3 SSJ‘J G“ “a“

LLU“E) ? d) ; J im Ufa)

9 : p13, 1113 55 151 1 5 M m 4 9 13 M 1113 .w d M

{U}, UN L313.111 U

31 J o s“M 1 1111Us

C

JA, J 13,

Ali, L:

LS’

fi lmy. ) Y

(“Aim U

rns“; Lo

C2)! U dis — Janis L3 )» L o Ll mv fin i a l;

-9 d|


(repentance) v.31 cl .) (descend) 3a 11, (proof) M 3

, J s115

am J 1§5 (punishment)W 1,

Us J1::s J 155 152. g 1 J 12s (rectitude)

131111 4 111 1055, (legs) J :

U)! M 1 Lus h ; J lflJ15.5_ J s (mixed) E7 3“

bends) U. 12. U1

C113 Ufi(bent) 3131. (crooked) e . 31( , 1, UL.

(preach ed) Us, U1 J s

1. (gently) S1“J 133 31”

U1 U L“. U

.. 1. 1 (order) U..1

(appointed) U1 (promised) 1:11a” 11. J13

-3 _

r1fi1 Us, (was far) J113 r

111311 .3.

(imitate) “3 15 3123 11, (advise) (refrain)

r.13

r$51(obeyed)

(chained) r(1.513 Us U:.

1s)1 1:11

)s 1) (blood) 1451s .)

L} (ex alted) (

flag,

(bridles)

‘3 (completes) C11

1) up15111(kinds) q l

J.»Us 14 s U1

J ag“ Us (priesthood) 3s 1sY1 gu lf .

U15 _

U>311 (rope ) (put away) (emptied) J 13?

4 111, (desert) .31

, (jg ( separated) £3 (.n


0

UK,su nL e . (addicted ) 33 can um , J J ;

July “ (girl s) nu Us”

,$5l el ls Us (forbidding) AH

we .rs um 5 , u Jun m t. a, b a n; (” a n

ii A (bestow me) L5“(female s lave) l bwcalmuL -S ‘

u:

“if (a lone) 3L; UJ d u

p; Cie l

Ya n.. as w RA ; (sett led) ”i s u" A , (abstained)0133 J l (accepted) Ha la l; cables. el f) l LS‘"

Ga w g q b, w wlaced)

m u Jun xitll wsggc f , (N J

em! up} J hu _ out, a», u

“guts “( j g-oi Lei0 9 5131 ll» an (approved) W U with: s_3\3>l GAS L3.»

c)"

U vu 011.

Lil up} ”jib ?

L2.“(9114 . J M

J g j hb (pa lace) ubfll W u (name of a king) (s

f(i rregu larity) 1435: U 4 ”

L5; (inspected)

u p (averse) “39°; if w ell?) d ells 0° uLoy xll did

Q)“

Lg: (compe l ) Ly ); M l) r

l: u

klflij3 L: ..u c

$123 L9A“bub U‘

Us, (stability) 4 : 5 2q 0

A will Cla-l l»

LAC12

”

Y,em.

da. LA , (h istorical ly re lated) C) ; (

J .1 ..l calla

“isfab “NS“A u é ls fil l (remained)

i;

4

(Wife) we .»t o

J lfij “a ll u lln‘

j (divorce)MIL

0 (9133 E5) “(faul t)

(did you do) rzuL. db) C

s’

mpg a),

C9l u‘dz"

.

w heaé Y Zul, J l‘

5 — slzlzs ljl3 — (ru l ‘e -Ul ff

‘M rs-w

fb lEgg lf v

a. L5 (price of blood) w .»5333 of” (prison) 05-1‘

0 mKa'snl“4 .

y our“; Jun - ju mu gs , gun, vgml u b uug y

sun a s v i) L511bu, 33> Jpnw

on6 (bui lders) l

w ) a)“a», A; W e onw ew uQB“Jw( inverted) J u li L

5s.3.x u KJug . l: cALfll Jug (erected)

4 5h ,

q». we ) (guest) a}: (asked) vi a l 4 G ?“Us

”. u l J J

J é enas, UTALT, in(rai sed ) Cf)

; J“: A ;Ce, r

’


0 o v e r 3 o

(i

n

£12311 g éf u

s — il'

s: fill t-L S‘; J : 1323159

Gt ; c) : (floods) JLL; (di sposition) Jill (humility)

e t xj g

l.

c o o

. . o 0°

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.

rl’

l ls u ulrls l

i}:

flai l J l v J

LAs um

923 — 12; (enjoy)

gl'; dl 01 ” (tail) w :

L}; trai l UE: 2.to O

""

Ugh !

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3

gal/5 LJ A

O

QJ x l (soi l )

aJ/J u

l li; _

r

Usjnll LJ 3 (know) bf,“Ca z -J; L.4 32131a» Ug

sylu (driven out) (”gs-T? (unbidden guests) cab-L"

0 (disgrace) u ljzll;“a (disgrace)

(sheep) L 5 (beast of burden) J‘ J; Ju l

‘iCJ-Il

’

gml blic

.” é’f ’l w il l J) “vs, (goat)

ii; i; Co il; é; Cl) é fill J; G

ig:

is}: j-L'

ul; u'a

‘

iiii Jsi 1S ufi

j

ii 23JG;

(si lent)‘ o o o o o


(precipitation) fid l 32. fl ‘LE‘

Ql (postponing)Ass-Ell

«a» (fill (ce le

‘rity)

J F’

s

:l.: (spring) 9

31st;

3; 3512 $5 1; (chamois) Jsl

(mourned) U) ; ‘Cll (shadow) UdL

jajj

6h }! (g lad ) g all) (was ( l imbs) L é lj'

j (sl imness)

p; $15 25; 4113 95; sa g a»

?

£223 J £ 3

;

(overtake)as};Fl; (plain) 4111“L35;l o co

(3) ;n (overtook) J ig-ll I) : (crossed over)

g lll; 9 .2L; 3; w, (despised)$533! (“All $4 1? Bl 35"is) .o r l o 'o

0 (confided) Lbs.)

(strip) 15154 1 : a. as 551134 1511

6511 (increased) ssl -Is u'

(c lothes) of

$1331 lt’sl Wis,

laa (hlew) C152; (gales of wind)

if ft: (wrapped) L35 1; si ll Lill i; (gathered up) r

e

.l a 5. ml ; (stripping) Cl;

é ; FL. v O v g o . ” o f 0 4 , o o

m l, JUL.“

6.114l (arose) LL; (gusts)

(the scorched land) (heated) Q EJj-l

SELECTIONS FROM ARABIC AUTHORS AND NEWSPAPERS 8 7

v ’ t o , o

(went) a“, Lsm js

’

(dungh ill) at £324 s

f.um,

3x} ; lé gill alga.” bl;0931! Us: c f 5 3; 0: (bid)n

-A u

3

(wings) £ 639; (flap) JJLE (roof) gm: 0; (ascende d)'O O ’ a o 0 0

C921?”

U 5"

. ”Egg— (boasQJ S

-t u

J (crow)

ycfsij(lawful)m?" 2G; is;

l

\

’ : o' o ,

0 (formidableness) M l.) u l

(swallow) u hbs dl) J)”

(livelihood) fi ’f‘u u f

.5 (become partners) tgu i Q M) ” .ll

o f ! » 0 ' . o , o ,

in ,“M B)

ffc alf) wKLl; dad; UK.

£3, Eff UR.

1 . 1 ° o ’,

Ci; r}; M Li, (agility) m i Sis LAI

o , o o ’ v ° a

fl.»

cJ“ 13; (slaugh tere d) 0; t (caugh t)

0 M QZT54; J u l; (resemble) J ul! Y Z) : (associate)

o ‘ o o o O v ‘ O o 0 0 g . . of

o ‘c o o 0 ’“t o c o co O

S

o a, t w o -r-, o' o . , o o 4 a c o o .

m«3 JAR a m . m u g

rin em

than Lug t»g lob :U.l U L!»

$56“Jill 9D] (miserable)

{ PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART II

(a wolf) {g ig r

LLA JJ’

if ; (su cking-pig) lip-J : (seiz ed) J fi l xja

o n a 9 0 ’ o o ° ’ a o

L9? J ifll J LEJ M Yl (met) w w ig

L ugas

0 ,

“ Fl w’ o n o

l 9 49:

o

-J GlJ M n,C:ri g Yr

1.15111 (possessed). O "

L eta /313 m (keeps)

(thrown) Ce; (file) 331 all ; LE:

9” £ 3 5

”

L;

13 ” {L (bled) Ju l s un, (licked it) 33 g”w !

u \ w lUral; (swallowed) u p

) ” (blood)

I“:

as 5L: (spends) u

; mi. Lu

”

a ll; (Split)

M (herbs) (irrigating) L511“,

ulf LES

rJAs

‘

jA s

JJSJ jai l (beautiful) (jungle) $1211

..Llig (withered) $111 (by L311 (attendance)

w } MAJ

ai l (reared) £594 £52 31 UY kiw ‘J 13 (perished)

o f o o o o c o o

é q xfl w >

ua J 4 sl aYJ 3U Yl u j u

ib iifi — Q‘ij a l

ENGLISH ARABIC

LETTERS A

h

ND MANUSCRIPTS


W y‘)

ENGLISH AND ARABIC Lm'rans AND m uscmers 93

TRANSLITERATION OF LETTERS AND

MANUSCRIPTS

Magr, 25 sibtimbar, 18 8 4 .

Nata i a r'raf b’

inn nukfibir badritlmm

{mean wa'l-arga ll innuhum yagalzi li

’

assiag yo’

m al—lcham‘

is el-wc‘

zqi‘

ayydm el-mazlnirah wa z dlilc'ala lu

’

sc'

ib el-lmkfimah cZ-inlcliz z:yah

PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR,PART II

0M !

Io“‘

ENGLISH AND ARABIC LETTERS AND MANUSCRIPTS 95

min ma'finat lil

96 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR,II

‘U 'Qy ‘w i t; L

dfizeh t uw:

PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR , PART II

ENGLISH AND ARABIC AND MANUSCRI PTS 99

Kolonel yasuf , qomcmddn {awabi cl-iskindiriyab.

ARABIC GRAMMAR,PART II

p .c

Q

z ) ? 24


J ”« I J (Lb ,

‘b

(” f iv '

a t IAL J A J J U'J / f , |

Uy ‘

N 'fil 'a k" -V‘ w fl /A ‘b y

«L

ay/ L0 fu k/ aJ U d lfr ‘

o

wa d ? G , »

J J")


N o. 6 .

3 1 aktobar ,’

8 4 .

Sa'éda tlu fie'ndim mu lzéfiz magr.

b’

ism ibrc’

ilzim mu rs i et- taba‘ Ii mudifriyatnc'

i ma'lina t b'ann el-ba

'

d

min musjé ifi el-mildiriyah ta'alluqnc

‘

i ta'addfi

‘ala akmad ahad

falld lzin el-mu cliriyah bi alc_had gaz baqar Ichcissatoh [oh w‘a la

’

l-igmcil

el-itfla'‘ala hd z a t

’

amarflfil-musc‘

zfadah liagl raj”Izazi et~ ta

'addiya t

khaufan min inn tattagil ila aga'ab éé lat min hdz i wa

’

l-amr

Ii man walih ef endim.

abmad rafa‘cit

bdgfiké tib el-mudi 'riyah.


DJEUSF W 9 "


N o. 8 .

Ma'riid qolle

fri derlcah .

a addim hd za Zianni‘abdnkum na s

gd'r Shahawi min ncihyat

eg-gmfdyah qism gartah mudiriyat eI-cg'

ériyat wa ma na‘rud‘

annoh Iis-siyadak

Inn‘abdulcum min Bu lk el-

‘

aslcariyah min dortingi aldi (Turkishfor 4 th regt .) biyc

'

idah wa Iidd'i 7nd agdban

'

i f i nagari u'a Icafah

'an and angur bih m aIIq t aIIah wa sa

'i'aIa qfit

c

ag/Iat'

i. Fa

qadd c n tamttab linc’

z ma'dsh mablagé (79) tisa

'a t wa sab

'l'

n

glp'

rgli wa 106m gdri farfuhum iIEna géahfri Iigfidyet‘

aslmm t

aktobar sanat ’

83 wa min 1 1 min sanat téi’r'

ilchoh Sdr BarfIind mablagli

'as_IirzZn gfiirsl i wa Si r inqa 59 wa

‘

abdukum

mu stz lziqq z c'

IIiIc Iianni leaf en -nagar ka lIig/an wa nza'i min

andt walidatuhum

eI-agjfil a ar wa nnfar radi‘ fwa nafar fa yekfin

3 I

'ayIati khamsat asjllcj dg Iglgilc

'

if i‘adimin aI-ilctisdb n a Iam Iinci

zqc'

n'd t tasc

‘

i‘

id Iind'aIa

’

I fa min z c’

i/c qadd tagd safrt bihdz a

eI-'a'rd wa bih rdgin min ma

'rdhim wali na'ama tnd bigarf 7116 Bar

inqagd'oh minni Iainni mustalziqqoh IiI-i t ed-darfiri ica nada

'iZ

iléh bigiil al-‘

umr wa’

l-‘

iz z wa’

dawdm anc’

i’

I-lél fw’

agrcif eu -nahdr

(f endim.

Banda

Mashrdb

Ma'c'

ishdt u'arad ddlchiI garf min el-mn

'

ya t as-saniyah f isubatuk ragab sanat 1 30 1 .


N o. 3 .

Cairo, z 2nd October, 1 8 8 4 .

Head Quarters.

I Should feel obliged if you would make arrangements forthe Commanding Royal Engineer to visit the forts at the mouthof the Rosetta branch of the Nile. He will leave Alexandria forRosetta by rail at a .m.

,on Sunday next .

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant ,(Signed) A. O . GREEN ,

Major,Brigade Major

,R. B .

To Colonel YfJ SUF EFFENDI,

Fort Commandant ,Alexandria.

N o. 4 .

Cairo, e 4 th October, 1 8 8 4 .

To Major GREEN ,

Engineer,Army of Occupation .

In compliance with your honour’s request by letter of z and

October,1 8 8 4 , Iimmediately forwarded a letter to CaptainMustapha

Sarir,who is in command of the Boghaz Forts at Rosetta

,directing

him to meet H. E . the Commanding Engineer at the station and

to accompany him to the above Boghaz Forts in a sailing-boat

and carry out all h is requests.

(Signed) Colonel YfISUF ,Fort Commandant,

Alex andria.


No . 5 .

To H . E . the deputy of the district of Matariyah .

(This is to complain) that the h eadman of the district of theabove village of Matariyah (that he) has seiz ed by force a pair of

cows from a man named Ahmad, belonging to the above district,

and also that the headman of the above-mentioned village hasseiz ed the above pair of cows by way of violence

,fraud, and

IBRAHIM MURSI.

N o . 6 .

From the district of Matariyah,

g1st October, 1 8 8 4 .

the Prefec‘t of Cairo .

In accordance with the report that has reached us lately,Signed by the name of Ibrahim Mursi, belonging to our district ,explain that some of the headmen of th e district

,wh ich is in

our charge , have threatened a cultivator (named) Ahmad, of the

district,to take away a pair of cows, his own property, and (that)

in general they are acting towards them with tyranny and

oppression, we h ope from your Excellency that after enquiringabou t this (matter) you will give some order by way of assistancewith the view to remove these threats , as we are afraid it may

reach a more difficult condition of affairs than this.

(And the order to whom is the authority) i.e . as in duty bound .

Your obedient Servant ,AHMAD RAFA

‘AT

,

Chief Clerk of the District .


N o . 7 .

Petition to His Highness.

Your slave Marashli Affrnad Yusuf ventures to bring thefollowing to the notice of H . H . the Khedive, and to the thresholdof (his) generosity.

Sir,Iwas a mounted guard ofMilh im Agha and fell off my

horse and my left hand became paralysed and Iwas examined bythe knowledge of the chief doctor of the before mentioned (agha).And in consequence of that I was discharged in the month of

August, 1 88 3, and my discharge certificate does not mention theaccident which injured me , and when I came to Cairo I petitionedabou t this particular matter in order to arrange my pension inaccordance with regu lations, and because th e accident was not

registered in the discharge certificate , Iwas thereby deprived of

pension,and since I am a stranger in these parts and came from

the country of the Turks and have no money to enable me to

return to my own country,therefore

, I beg that you will kindlysee thatmy travelling expenses may be defrayed by the government ,for I am disabled and not fit for service

,and there is no one to look

after me and provide formy subsistence, and in any case everyth ingwill be as your Highness may direct .

Your Slave ,MARA SHL

‘

I‘

AHMAD YI’

ISUE.

Pensions (office) : Received in an envelope from H . H.

’

S Courtofficials on the 10th of Muharram

,1 301 .

VOCABULARY

E N G L I S H — A R A B I C

NOTB— In the following Vocabulary the infinitive is given In

English , and the corre8ponding root or third person singular of

the Preterite in Arabic.

Abominable, 13

Accustom, L}: 335‘

awwad'ala .

H z

Absent, epjls

’

: gbc‘

zib.

Abyssinia, u g i-l cL-Zzabaglq.

Accept, qabil.

Accident , Ug la. bc’

idsab.

According to, w.Zzasb.

Account, HAL.» bisdb.

Accountant-general,bLJ —l mud ir

'um

’

fim'

eI


Ache, C};u-aga

‘

, EH Adz e, ”

a; qadiim.

Acid, LJ ba la bamid. Affair, 2151“maslabah, Jm

'amal

Acquainted, mif, oh éla.‘ (pl. Jake‘amc

’

iih.

mugalli‘ 'aIa .

Acquire , based .

Acquittal, tabriyah. After, Ax ; ba'd , gliibb.

Act,fifa ’

al, J:

'amal. Afternoon

, f;

‘asar, 7 ,

t J un

Active, nasl qig

Adapt oneself, a) » ta'auwad.

Add, cf, Si)?z e

‘

id.

Adhere, all ; tamassalc.

Adjutant, gmi s l.’ M qé l

Admit, allow, (i f. sallam,

wdfiq, di

a l adkbal.

Advance (go forward),$333tagaddam.

Advance (pay beforehand), J ;

Advance-guard, h t l lo (d i ck,

Aide-de ydwar.

Advantageous, cits m

'

ifi‘

, Af t. Aim, bl:

Aiming-drill, UM ]

( 5,l ta

'lim

Adversary,r» . [chasm (pl. r

A las" et-tansjfin .

mukjdsim),‘adii.

Advertisement, vi al i

'Ic'

zn . Alarm,d kabsah .

Advice, ar e nagilwh (pl.tits;

nasdyilz), a l) 7 6122. Alight, J1 3 nazaI.

Again, ditto, is.n Lama, Em

aidan, ug kemd n .

Against, opposite, J r.'ala .

Against (opposed td), (lidd.

Age, sinn, J“: 'umr.

Agent, (kg wet/oil (pl . 1 6q caIa).

Agree , wc‘

z'

faq,fiLittafaq.

Agreeable, Cpl) » muwcifiq, V i la

gag/£6, Iatifi

Agreement, .loj

‘b

giant, (pl. by;


f l ,

Around,J ab Clair, Jf lzcl.

Arrange, g rattab,Pl: naggam.

Arrangement, tart’

ib.

Arrears,U’

s‘

bbéqi(pl.Lil} bawd’

qi).

Arrival, JJ J ) wusi‘

il, ”

L S

Arrive, J; wasal.

Arsenal, loblcl gé nah , 2.3L»)

tarsfinah .

Art, C9fann .

Art (profession, trade), h a.»

gan'ah .

Artful, ,\f. male/tar

, $1. dam.

Artichoke, Qfia. fiargbfif .

Artificeux

‘

: gliadr.

Artificer, C’

Lo stint

Artificial, Li‘ s

'amaIZ

,

isgind'i.

Artillery, gobgiyah .

As, a) Ica ,“h a nd .

As if, my Ira-inn.

Ascend, g]:

Ashes, AL.) mméd.

Asia,ly ricism .

. r n

Ask, J )“3a ( l l, “AL (d ab. Ax e, w t; fds (pl , l S),“Li

Asleep,

rib ndim. bdlfak.

Asparagus, ujt l“kalyfin . Ax is, ”

S‘mibwar.

Assu b bimd'r (pl Zzamifr) Ax le

,dingil.

Assemble0 gama

‘.

Assist, Odi

n, ICC. sc

'

i'ad.

Assure, Kl akkad, éfi; baqqaq'

Assuredly, L;fi

’

IZiaqiqat.

At, 9 b

’

,bi

, as :'and .

Attack, F3 hagam.

Attentive, was; mantabih .

Attire, J L (tidal, g al)“agwc'ib.

Auction, all" ma zcid .

Auctioneer, J ib daIIéI.

Auger, barr'

imah .

Aunt,maternal, All; Ichd lak.

Aunt, paternal, gall, walidi ,‘ammah.

Author, d z.“mzfganmf , J ).

md’

allif.

Autumn, cjuf flarif .

Avarice, Js ’. (may .

Avoid, U

s a ? tagannabmin .

Awake, awoke, L332). iatéqag

Awake, rouse, Hal aqua, g s“

gab/7a

VOCABULARY

Back (the),JR. duhr.

Bad, J tlb.

baggdl, g o,radi,j}

:

Bad money,2.1l ;

'umlah

Baggage, um:'af.i i , JLESla iqc

'

il.

Ball cartridge, val-o) , M fei ck

Bamboo, gm Ib is glgdb kinda

Banana, m6z .

Bank(of sea or river), J A L.sd lzil,

Bankrupt (to become),“Liftaflas.

Barber, all; lialldq, ma

ENGLISH-ARABIC 119

Bark (to),‘awwa .

Barley,f a; sil a'ir.

Barrack, qisLJ ah ,

Barrel,

barmil (pl.

bardmil).

Barrel (of rifle), L ajALJ l gru b

Barren (as soil), y,bic

'

r.

Barricade,

sadd .

Basin, gai t (pl.

Bat,

Bath ,rt , bamma

’

m.

Battalion , i la/”lMali .

Battle, mauqa'ah , is.“

Be ( lain.

Beam, ijf lcamarah .

Beans,French

, fasfiliyah .


Bear (to) , j; bamal. Belt, shoulder, at; hommazoh .

Beard, X.3L Zabyah . Belt, waist, J ets qciyisj,VB;

Beast, Ufa .

)wabsj .

Beat, IQ}: (lamb. Bend, JL: mi l.

Beater (sport), US

LZS nasjsfiésj . Benefit, Sailsfd iclah .

Beautiful, cf

" basan, J,» ga Besides, LA:‘add, CD"

(Inn,

mil,

5L malib.

Become , JLSsit/r. BesiegeJ SL-l basar.

Bed, Lfiljifirfisj , mm'tabah

,

sarir, u s; tak ht.

Beef,j, r1. labm bag

Bees, J si‘nabl .

Before (in front), JA B qabl, lri g

Before (in time), Js'i awwal,

rb l

amam.

Beg, Jt sa’a l

,

go

v: tarayya .

Beggar,j g : fagir, 3L? al ga/fibdd .

Begin, $5113, ibtada .

Behold, liba hadhau oi'

dh i

Belaying-pin, diam'ah .

Believe, C53; saddaq.

Bell, u bfi game (phw ljmlagras ) .

ECHO/W8 , tins manfalch .

Belly, uh) bagn .

Below, wa s; talit.

Betray, f ir. gbadar, O); Man .

Betrothal, Lbs. Ici ngbah .

Between, 09 bén, Lag, bénamd .

Beyond, warez .

Big, Ioubir.

Bilious, Gal)“saffaw

’i.

Bird,” fir (pl.

”AA : agfi

'

ir (pl.fi lo :

Birth, file. mildd.

Bite , u;‘add.

Bitten}. murr.

Bivouac ,'ardiyah .

Black,

aswad or iswid.

Blacksmith , J ig: baddiid .

Blade, sild lz, if ; i taf mh.

Blame, GIlam, g; wabbalgé.

Bless, ab

le bd'ralc.

Blindgal (I

'm

—

a .


Bridle, rd

.

ligém.

Brigade, l) ! Iiwci

Bring, Al l; baddar.

Bring ahdir, w hokc‘

it

Broad, use) : arid.

Broil (to), abawa .

Broom,m mulcnisah,

maqasjgli ah.

Broth er,IaIc_h (pl. 93 1ikhwah).

Brown,f l asmar.

Brush (a), af farsjah .

Brush, é: masalz, ULE nafaql .

Burn, [bil l ilztarag.

Burst, Lilli, inimq.

Brute , l ‘f t" bahimah (pl. rn

Bucket , j); dalii .

Bug, baqqah (pl. 5; baqq). Buttress ark:'Zimd .

Bugle,fl .) naf i r, biiri . Buy, is_htam .

Bugler, gs? ”bunigi.

Build,

banau

'

l c'ammar.

b l)wdhidwdhid .

Cabbage, w; bumnb.

Cable, J o . babl.

Cable , telegraph , IJ lJ i lS silk

Cage, uni} qafas.

Building, 9L; Imdxrak, l ib . )

bindyah .

Bull,” 3an (pl. v i) ; girdn).

Bullet, vat-a) mafia.

Burden, J“. biml (pl. JLm l

But, onlékz'n , J gbal, Inanimal .

Butcher,mmqassc’

tbuga.gaz z c

‘

ir.

Butt

Butter, U“samn , it»; z ibdah.

Button z irr (pl.J l) )° l az rdr,

masr el-qdhirah , l flf ‘l‘el

mahriisah .

Cake,M ka'k.

Calf, J ?c

igl (pl. J) !

vOCABULABv : ENGLISH-ARABIC 123

Carry, J; bama l,l Jlit shc‘

Il

Call (name), gamma, 515c r.

Call (to), g it? ndda , L523 da

'a .

Cask, J f ‘fi bam il (PL J f ‘b)

bardmil) .

Cast (to), L5; mma , (G rab.

Candle, sbam'.

Candlestick, who“: y ma'dc

‘

m.

ga rdbfglq), out balbaq (pl. J aw

gabgc‘

z'

n'

u

:

Cause, w sabab (pl. QLJ

Capturaj'

l l asar.

Celebrated, masa'

ir.

Carpet, Tails“saggc‘

xdah (pl.M a‘s "

Centre-bit, Elan bu ngab.

Cat, 3 qua (pl. Jaw gugag).

Cataract, J i b W .

Catch , cl : masak, L223 qabaqi ,

akhad .

Catch (sporting) , Sul aisms.

Cattle, di

al); muwc

’

ishi .


Certificate, § .

‘

n tazkamh .

Cesspituvs‘magma.

Chain, silsilah (pl.

Chair, J ; Iow a .

Chance (by), Hamil.»bi’

s-sudafab,

(suit ittzq an .

Change (to) , J; badda lu tms ta

Wyar.

Channel,

magra.

Chaplain (Christian), W3

gas

8I8 .

Chaplain (Moslem), fl.oi imam.

ChaPte’ : dd faal, sale

Character, Clo gab

', sirah .

Charcoal,rs‘fa lim.

Charge (to),F3; hagam.

khitdn.

Cheat (to), Jab £ 5”s J” Circumference, J 5L: ddir,

gbadr. mulzigg.

Cheek, waynah, i s.fladd Circumstance, J ib. lic'

il (pl

abwé l), u‘

jla emf (pl. 5 9

)iCheerful

, j,mam ir,

farilz.

Ch eese, in ? gilmah. City, medinah (pl. u .»

mudun).

Ch estnut, £ 1 abd’l—farwah . Civil (polite), 9 33. mu

’

addab.

Ch icken,

C3}; farriig, wjfif

ketlczit, U

g h . sis.

Chick-pea, uflz" {Tammi/s .

Ch ief (a), shélch , ra’

is.

Chief of staff, 09 v.15;

Ch ild, Al) walad (pl . awlc'

id).

Chimney, madlrhanah .

daqn .

Chisel, azamah (pl.

ilchtc'

ir.

Ch op (to), egfamm.

Chosen, mnkj té xr.

Cigarette , ijls e“segc

'

irah .

Circle,ij

‘

ilc ddirah .

Circumcisio

126

Common(to several), elf ; musk

Companion, mf'

iq (pl.

Company, gam'iyah , Iris

“

Company (military), eb b,

buldk.

Compare , qc‘

iyas , J ili qc’

ibal.

Compare,accounts, ddha .

Compassion, 1m ghafaqah .

Compelfrjll alz am,

.

633 abwag.

Competent,J ab qc‘

idir.

Complain, L53

3tasl calclca

Complete, J o lficdmil, g all!»khdlis.

Complete (to), Gil atamm,

Completion ,m takmil.

Conceal, gl ialgbfa , g leatam.

Conceited, 3

4 3. mutasawir.

Conclude, finish , Ichatam

Condemn (to death), Ei ;balsam bi’l—mét.

Condition (agreement), la):

glgart,

(pl. lo”;

gkurdg).


3

Confess,J s l aqarr, u jzc l a'taraf.

Confession , )lJ

§l iqrdr, I_3l

jz .s l

Confidence , tigak, Alex -l i'ti

mild , Ri z al i'tigcid .

Congeal , If; tagammaol.

Congratulate (to), t ; banna ,

Conjectured (to be), Jizz l alwa

Condition (state), J la Ital (pl.

Jij>i abwdl).

Conduct (behaviour), ebb suIiZIc.

Conduct (to) , C32

. algéya', J o

)

wassal.

Conjunction Ala)waslah.

Conquer,fl qahar, All; gbalab,

Cfifataliu i la gafar.

Conquered (part ), magb

Conquest,{fifat

'bv ih gafi'.

Consent, L5) ridé, Jr ; gabc

‘

il.

Consent (to), L5")Consequence, East;

‘

aqibah ,

natigab.

ricfi.

u l n a }Consider, esteem,J

..gzc l a tabar.

Consider, reflect, Jlbta’

dmmal,

VOCABULARY ENGLISH-ARABIC

Constantinople, b l istdm

biil.

Consul, J A IS qunsu l.

Consul tu

'

BE'. s_hdwar.

Contagious, 95A” mu'adi .

Contain,C: yasa',

isbta

ma l, ufil ikiawa .

Content, 6

3

,raglda .

Contentment, fists qanc'

t'ah .

Continually, BL) ddiman .

Continue, ista

Continue, Without ceasing, Jljbmd z dl, L. and infaqg,

Contract, Aka? ta'hud, ZJJ LB

‘

» ma

u-Qb. bi

z-b lows.mugbayzr.

Converse (to), taliaddas.

127

Correct,

wasal

Correspondent, J ig mazkdtib.

Cost, u.3 si'r.

Cotton, y gain.

Cough su‘c’

zl, 2G? qublmh .

Council, u-l?‘ maglis (pl.“A lly

Country, alt; bildd, g ig) rgf.

Cool, fresh , gar’i.

Cool (to) , ban-ad .

Copper,p l u g lsi

’nelida altmar.

Copy (to), nasakh .

Cord, J ~> babl (p1me "4M

Cork, sidadah,a;jsfezzznah .

Corkscrew, barrimah.

Corn, lmbzib, ZLé glgallah .

Corn,Indian

, 53 dumb.

Corner, Usrulc’

n.

Cornice, u zg’

Jl/Icmmish .

Corporal, u

fi lé,‘onbcishi .

Corporal punishment, Lé'i'i wu

Count (to), 33'add

, W

CountersignJfil

‘

afiar.

Countersign (military) ,

barolak, g un LKkz'

lmat el


Courage , fl}? garc'

i’

ah, i.eLs-i‘

Course (of time), iii» mudclah.

Court-martial, (”5p wig

“mag

Zz'

s‘aslcari .

Court of law, Lg“mahfcamak.

Courtyard, Us) ,

Covet, £3El . gama'

f i.

Cow, if : baqafrah .

Coward, UL». gabén , a i l

“

Cradle , w sar'

ir.

Cream, M qasi tah.

Create, Ci; Ma laq.

Creator, d ila lakdliq.

Credit (belief), alg al z"

timc‘

zd.

Credit (debt), dén .

Credit (reputation), z tibdr.ligém.

Crime, daub (pl. 9 9 “Cure (to), $535 ddwa, L“31:5 sleafa .

Curious (inquisitive)M anu

Crooked, C’c l a

'wag.

tagassz'

s.

Gmp,(w)

. mausam,Curious (strange), M AS

; ‘agib,

Cross, salib.

Cross (to) ;‘

abar, clog gata

'. Current, stream, J, “852.

Crow (bird), 6) z a’

tyle, g lj é gim Curry—comb, 8x .» bad‘

ia'at

timc'

ir.

Crowbar,‘atalah . Curtain, sitdrah .

Crowd,rig.) z iln

‘

im,as) ? g

auqah.

Crown, .

B’

te'

ly (pl . wise.

"mr'

in).

Cruel,fAlla»gc

'

ilz'

m, qc

'

isi .

C‘rupper, Jfiw l z'

squ l, L” Ems“qisqon .

Cru shed (to be), ug‘jl‘ inharas.

Cry out, i; farakh.

Cry, weep , ofibalm.

Cubic , b rig mulca ab.

Cucumber, JL3'

> [cjgiyé r

Cultivate, if); hams,

Cultivation, Err-lb; z ira'ah .

Cunning ji malt/air.

Cup,

CA3 qadali , UH fingc

’

in,

U Kkills.

Cupboard, may) : dflldb.

Curb, ofawellwell(3qel-bir.

Curb-chain,{Al

’

sz’

lsz'

let


Deep,profound, (530°

‘am

‘

iq Deserve,$211Deep (the ocean), lacsufi balxr istaugab.

Deserving, worthy, mus

Deer, J lj é gfiaz cil.

Defeated (to be), xi

i,

ingéalab.

Defend, 0° 61; hdma

‘

an .

Defile (narrow passage) ,

Delay,J A B tdfi‘

ir,314 4 muhlah.

Deligh t, iii laz z ah .

Deliver, liberate, £ 1;Ichallas.

Deliver, surrender,

(L. sa llam.

Demand, claim, h A ll , galab.

Denial,J ig i inkdr.

I

Deny, Cl; s alab,;i

°

3l amicar.

Depart, 8; rdb,; l; sdfar.

Department, a)

;far'.

Depend, rely, du al,7. tagad.

Depot,“obi asris.

Depth , Ly n‘umq .

D errick,l c

‘Eyc

'

ir.

Descend, J) ; na z al.

Describe, U m)wasaf.

Desert (to); hagar, é} tarak.

Desert, waste , 2 ” qafr, lj s‘

safird .

Deserter, gsjls ltdrib, u l’f ’ har

tahiqq.

Desire, ragfibah , murdd.

Desire, longing, L3);

s_k5q.

Desire (to), a n

t i,

ii taha,

ishtfiq, U s)ra tab.

Detachment, ab)

wz'

ddd .

Detachment, soldiers, sari

yak.

Detail (to), fassal.a g O a O;

Detain, L5) ; awwaq,MM ! amsak,

Detain (in custody), J AE; babas.

Detect, fl kagfiafDetection ,

discovery,M usi cf,

JLAbl ighdr.

Determination, A4 3mi

d,Q's'azm.

Determine , decide , f qarrar.

Detestable, sjfimakrfih .

Detraction, scandal, Zu‘fituhmah.

Deviate, stray, at} tc’

zh, (jail.

Devil, Ulla : slaaz'

tcin .

Devotion (personal), H z;

takhsis.

Devotion (religious), sc zbdda/z.

Devour (to), 0 .s zftams.


Devout, M l) zfiln'

d.

Diarrhaaa , J if o l is’

hc'

il.

Dictionary, wr it; gdmtis.

Die (to), Gal; md t, L59 3 tawafia .

Difi'er (in form), C3; faraq.

Different , b ails? mukj dlzf u h:

Differently,is}, farqan.

Difficult, W sa‘by t a n

‘asir.

Digest, F; hadam.

Diligence, (Lad z’

ktimc’

im

Dim,

(a s mu

‘

tim.

Diminish , Una.) nagqas, Jil

l;gallal.

Diminish , in value, lag;munlzafj.

Diminution, taqlil, Uni }

l 31

Direct, commandU'

J i amar.

Direct, instruct, Liai addab.

Direct, point out, gighada , do

Direct, straigh t, sawa, E9J

3"

Direction, indication, ab) irgéad ,

So l} ndkig/ah , gahah.

Direction,order, f l amr

, {i n

Direction,way, 6 4) .tariq.

Directly, Lila . bd lama .

Dirt,filth

, Uh; z ubdlah ,

G

aql .

D ischarge (accused), 0 ;‘afa

gfiafar.

Discharge (a gun), éfii a tlaq.

Discharge, dismissal , (53114 iglc‘

iq,

Discharge (fromprison), k l

aid:Ia sab’

il.

Dirty,Disappear, Cal; gfidb.

Disappoint, a;Mag/yak

DisapproveJii

l anka r.

Disaster,

mu sibak.

Discernment,fl“; tamyrz ,

132

Discharge, leave to go,

rulgésak.

Discharge, pay, u s)wafa .

Discharge, perform,

'amal.

Discharge, performance ,'amal.

Discharge (to), 511i aglaq.

Discipline, h e) la“: z abg wa

rabg.

Discontented,gal) géér

Discount , buw l isn , J Jj‘j tan

DiscoverJZfiiagha fr,“f a iry .

Discreet, h rs

-r]labib.

Discrimination,J lfizs l imtiyaz .

Disdain (to), 553iChain .

Disease , 4 , dd , 9. marad, in:

Diseased, UA

JJ

. marid, wt;

‘ayyc

’

in .

Disembark JP naz al

h l-barr.

Disgraceful conduct,es-su ldq el~ qabib.

Disgusting , mu sta/c mh .

Dish, Quip gabaq, Us

”

salon (pl

wg"su hdn).


Dish onest, W l gfiér amin,

n o d 0

naz a l

Dissension, khusfimah .

Dissolve, ii; {zaZlaL

Dishonesty,“L5

Dishonour, disgrace,‘éb

,

J‘s ‘dr.

I

Dishonour baqqar, um

Dismiss (removefrom office), J) ;‘az a l

, Cu; rafat.

Dismiss (send away), Q}: sé'

yab.

Dismissal (ofi' parade), J P ")

dastar.

Dismount (a guard), (s b ill)Jig)

battal (al-qaraqbl).

Dismount (to), J;Disobey, Mala/

f

, da c

c

asa .

Disorder,disturbance , JL;Iakalal .

Disorder, sedition,u jimah.

Disperse , al l; shattat.

Display,exhibit}? agkar.

Display, spread out, madd,

533 nashar.

Displease, laLéiagéd e.

Disposition, Clo gab

‘

.

Dispute (to), $ 53 balms, J ot:


Dry, dz ?»ndsj z

’

fiDry (to), o n e-2yabus,“i t; nashifiDuck, as; batmtah .

Due, fitting, £591 ldiq, (9A! lc

’

iz im.

Due, owing, b‘

jl v o l)wdgib cl

wafc'

i,

mustaln'

q.

Dumb, u naf l afiras

, J im sc‘

ikz'

t.

Dung, J ); z abl.

Dungh ill, maz balah (pl.

Duration ,

fl); is

Each , M , {Kimmm. Eat, 35 ? alfal .i

Eager, g las s mushtciq. Ebony,

abenfis.

Eagle, m'

sr. Edge, brink s lcanéir, 3 L;

Ear, uSl udhn (pl. u lSl adlu

'

zn).

Early Q5) »badf

rZ.

Early mbakiran .

Earn, 3 kasab.

Earth , U2») ard .

Earthenwareul‘

E-é fu lchlchdr.

Earthquake, XJJ'J) z alz alah.

Ease (repose), rdfiah.

East, Qarq, maglyriq.

Easy, J?“said.

During, Vb Lo 7nd da

’

m, U iQ3

f i asnd .

Dust, ) L,.é‘

ufir.

Duster, i la) ; faggak.

Duty, wrigib, U5} fargi, 53 .

baqq.

Dwell,$2. sakan .

Dwelling, u lfimakdn , w bEt.

Dye (to), 6; sabaglg.

Dyer,

sabbdgfi.

Dysentery, 213pas z intdriyah.

Edge (of knife), L Mold .

Educate, LS

’)

rabba .

Education:Eta) ? tarbz’

yah .

Egg, Sign) béda/c (pl . Uafi b5d).

Egg-plant

, utsx -z; bétingc

'

in .

Egypt,fl masr.

Elbow,mmfaq,

Electricity,M A? gc

'

ldhbiyalz,

mpg

VOCABULARY : ENGLISH-ARABIC 135

Encamp,

(9 . flag/yam.

Element,j

am‘ansar. Encampmentufi.“ma'd elrar.

Elephant, J agf il. Enclose,i lli aliag.

Elevate, é;

‘a lla

,arafa‘. Enclosing, encircling, u ma

Elevation, this) irtifd

‘.

Eloquence, d fasc‘

z/fmh.

Embankment ,J “? giar.

Embark,f enCw? rakib el-balzr.

Embarkation, safar

bi'l-markz

'

b.

Embez z le, {lg/yak s.

Embrace, 55d; ‘

dnaq.

Embrasure, Jéf mazglml.

Emetic, ugh . mugarrifi.

Employ, give employment,

5

o ’ o ‘ O

Employ, make use of, M a l

Employment, Ichidmak.

Empty (to), £5 5" fadda.

Empty, void;glu lchdli

, EL;

fdn’

gli.

Emulate, (i t; sabaq.

Enclosure,l ialu i

‘{Mgah

Encounter, fight, era}; éarb.

Encounter, meeting, abll.‘mule?

qc'

zh,“at.“muscidafah .

Encourage, é;sleagga

‘.

End,f l éfiir, rib. Irlcz

'

tc'

im,Lin d

intihd .

End (to), a .

(” J tammam

khatam, ef f

.

"anba

End(to),p intiha,

l" tamm.

igtahad,

Enemy,‘

ae (pl . lu l a'dd).

Energeticy lolz i idgz'

r,

(vi a. ka

'

z z'

m.

Energy , qudrah , 22a.himmah .

Engage, employ, b x :L3

'ayyan f i khz

’

cl'mah, EQ

ZZL

Engage, pledge, $42 ta'ahh ftd.

Engaged, busy, Jf ‘“magfigfifil.

Engine,” 3b bribzir.

Engineer, u d xt-b mulzandz

'

s.

England, 5m inkilterrc‘

i.


English , gj’

alfsl inkliz‘

i.

Enjoy,

“

fa: tana

"

am,M3

,in

basatj.

Enjoy,possess, U f a.) msarraf .

Enlarge, 8;Enlist (to), Ll ifiiktatab.

Enlistment, el-ilcte

’

tcib.

Enough , sufficient , gK/cdfi.

Enough , sufficiency, an! Icifc’

z

yak.

Enrage , aglgqlab.

Enraged (to be), .ibGSLiglgtag . Event,3x 3!)wc

'

iqz ah , B ah» Zul

Enrich , agéna.

Enter, ji; daygai.

Entertain (to) ,‘a zam.

Entirely, gins bi

’

l-ku lliyah ,

w L3f i’

l-gumlah .

Envelope (of a letter) , Q M

Envy , M Izasad.

Equality, iin taswz’

g/ah ,

Equivalent, J ain mu'ddil

, 9.8 L“

musdw’

i .

Error, .lalé “as. khata

'

.

Escape (to), L;

Escort (to), J »; karas. Example, J ib mitdl.

Especially, Co) » kj usdsan . Example,warning,

'z'

brak.

Estate, property, sDLl amlc’

dc,

)l.§9

‘aqc

'

zr.

Esteem i'tibc

'

ir.

Et cetera, waglgé’

roh.

Eternal, g agabad

'

i, dji az ali.

Eunuch,L525 . Lhassi, litdglga .

Europe, bjfll aurobd .

EvenL513; batta .

Even,level

,mustdw

’

i .

Evening, masc'

i,

dz'

sah .

Ever, vwlrib dag/I

'

m eZ-ayyc'

im,

Lil.) dc’

n'

man .

Every,

Imll.

Every one, b l

) Jf /cu ll wdhid.

Everywhere , O la Jf ku ll mayaah.

Evidence , islf‘: shahddah .

Evil radi, fdsid .

Evil (an), alga” .

Evolution, SAL'“manc‘iwarah .

Examination, uls u l‘ imtihc‘

in .

o 0 a o f o o

Examine , w a sfafias, us h l 1m

138

Eye,

'2n (pl.

‘uydn).

Eyebrow,w t; Zaigib (pl.

hawc'

lgib).

Fable,2.5L; Ichurdfah, J

r. matal.

Face, as.)

wagh (pl.

Face,of a square,Jfiya

’

z .

Factory, J. “ma'mal (pl. J»lu

Faggot, 91? gurz ah, an} bizmak.

Fail, be deficient, Lg li» Ichab.

Faint, g t , walla , J;da'

fl

Fair (fine), U M lagif.

Fair (honest), J ab‘ddil.

Faith (religion), din, ( Ju l,

57min.

Faith (trust), Alt ai i'tz'

qdd .

Faithful, U‘k‘l amin, g ala sddiq.

Fall ill, a'tall

,

g;

‘éya.

Fall (to), c)waga

', lain: saqag.

Fall in(military), fill) naubat~

gabar.

False, u) zd r, y Sd dib.

Falsehood,

Familiar (intimate), “all.


Eyelash, U

s.

)rimah (pl . U

3

) ?

rimdsjg).

Eyelid, U) ; nu (pl.w“. gifdn).

Fast (firm), br as-0 mazbfig, J a la

gama'

d, cw,“{abit or sdbz‘t.

Family (in a house),‘élah

,

J e l ahl .

Family (race), Jo l asl , J ‘s nasl,

W nasab.

Famine, .laé qalzg, if. giia

'.

Famous, mari t’

hiir.

Fan (a), b y . mam abah .

Fancy, JL9 . Qaydl, (A)mahm.

Far, far off, A31 ). ba'id .

Fare (food), gait.

Fare (price), 05 {amanu m si'r.

Farewell l tad/lots. Ichc'

itarak l

Farewell (to bid), 63;Farm,

nf'ezbah

,fiab lab'ddiyah .

Farmer,

Farrier,damat,3s“suguqq.

Fashion (custom), ial9‘

adah .

Fashion (form), (3) z é, A


Fast (swift), sari'

Fasten, Ll; rabag, u p tabln'

t.

Fat, samin .

Father, gal ab, All) wdlz'

d .

Fatigue, ” 3 ta'ab.

Fault, ha s“‘

éb,

naqisah.

Favour,

minnak,3. x ) ni

'mah ,

Field, J r, fiaql, Jags Wt,

mustaliabb,j)99'az iz .

Fear (to), 9 .3L; crc‘

if.

Fearful, may muflgijfi

Feast (festival), A39‘

id .

Feather,

riskah (pl.Ut

e)flai l).

Features, Anvilbh lfi taqdfi

'

el-wagh, W‘“maédsz'n ,

{3b

maldmilt.n o 0 1 o n ‘ f 0

Feed,rx lnl ag

'a‘

m, l_.bJ .9‘alaf, cp l;

Feel (to), U“? gass.

Fellow, companion, raf iq.

Felt (cloth), all?! lubbad .

Female (a), il l, imrah .

Fence, enclosure , Lipta l Maia/1,z aribah .

Ferocious, L5

13 .

)walwla.

Ferry,j ,” ma'bar.

Fertile , b y“? mukhsib.

Fetch, Ll; gab.

Fever, Ur" m ma.

Few, JABqalil.

Fiddle, 0 9

; n’

bdb,

Fig, finale. (pl. Us tin).

Fight, conflict, l s qitcil, Lg);

barb.

Figh t (to), a) , hen-ab, Jis'

qauaz.

Figure (shape), Jfitaha/cl, i) ?

sfirah .

File (a), b y mabrad.

File, of soldiers, ) M qagdr.

Fill,it; mala .

Filter, jar, f; z ir.

Filth,an; nagasah , 5.5 L, wase

’

r

Find, A? )

wagad, é}laqa .

Finding (legal) ,j}:qarc

'

zr.

Fine (beautiful) , u é f kwy'

is,

garif.


Fine (not coarse) , ra z or

Fine (penalty), full} : glgara’

mak.

Finger, C'x-b l asbu

'(pl . GA

LA

Finish,Fil

‘

a tamm,

I“) tammam,

J i g khalas, 33 kamal .

Fire, Jl’

) 715W niran).

Fire,a gun, L5l.l:) l aglaq .

Fire-engine, LAlo lalumbah .

Fire, set on, Lil li

abraq.

Fire,take

, vii ). ibtaraq.

Firm, goal)“{abit or sa

'

bz’

t.

Fish,

samalcah (pl . sa

Fit (fainting) , wig; glgu sjyc’

m.

Fit,proper

, laiq, h r“

manasib.

Fix, {g ill asbat, 13 qa

'rrar.

Flag, banner, fl"

‘

a lam,

bindérah , L;1 9 62m g (pl . GJ LH

bag/aria).

Flame,

lakab, b red) lahib.

Flank, fortification, l») ibt (pl.

lobl abag) .

Flank side, w ganb or gamb.

Flap (of saddle) , G fairi q

dat sarg.

Flash (to), baraq.

Flask,

skisizah .

Flat (ground), J?“sai d.

Flat (house) , flagged».

Flat,level

, 9n mustawi.

Flatter, Ln, ma llaq.

Flax, Ug icittan .

Flea, barging (pl. M l):

barcigjfig) .

Flesh,

("L lalzm.

Fleshy,

t'sh mzclizim, U3“samin .

Flight (aerial), u l/lo géyarc'

in .

Fligh t (put to) ,a; haz amFligh t. (running away) , J ljfirdr,

g )barb.

Fling, an)rama , u ”

) qawwas.

Flint, u

n

i sawwan .

Flood (to) , mi l) gaj'.

Floor, Us,

» itadigl , Usjl arqi.Flour

, UA’ taifin ,

daqig.

Flow (of tide) , 3. madd.

Flow (to) , g}; gara .

Flower,if s)

z ah'rah (pl.w z u

heir) .

Fly (a) , as h} dabbanah.

Fly (as a tar.

Fly (run away), 1: faw , VJ“

harab.

14 2 PRACTICAL ARABIC

Fountain , yanbtl'.

Fowl,filo gar (pl.” 3L guyu'

xr).

Fox , g a la? pa'lab.

Fraud,flmaicrv gjjs taz

'wir.

Freq )"

it, o ,

Free (to) , J u l a'taq, u nis. Mal

ias, (ai l aglaq.

Free (to be), fl ) ingalaq.

Freedom, bum'

yah .

Free willultzs l z

’

igfitiyc’

ir.

Frenchman, g ’LJJ Sfransc'

zwi .

Fresh,new, (15J

Ltart, J ed? gadid.

Friend, W bab‘

ib, Jab Mam

,

v a l—a adicib, sadiq.

Friendship,

muhabbaiz, i.x”

aubbait .

Frightened, m l; [elicit]:

Frog, zem dufda'ah .

Frog, of foot , o le-6 daban .

From, U“min .

Front,(.lfi; qudddm, a? )

wagh.

Front (in), nfia muqa’

bil.

Gabion, £51“glialaq, w sabat.

G ain (to), Lif kasab, 83 ia

tafa'

, é);rabilz.

GRAMMAR, PART II

Frontier, i n. badd (pl .

fruichsat

ax.“mustaqbz'

l.

Gaiter, dLlo tamdq, djjla ga z ing.

Gallop,"

3ramaiz.

Gallop (a), durtena'l.

Frost, yalid .

Frown (to),‘abaa.

Fru it, fakiizah, ) l.3'l atmdr.

Fry (to), £5gala .

Frying-pan, ah . meqlciyah .

Full, 03h malan , mumtali .

Full moon, f»

.

badr.

Funeral, 5L». gindz ah, A14 ..

masighad .

Fur, farwair.

Furlough , E u

glu'

yab.

Furnace, mfiqadah.

Furnish (equip) ; gaithaz .

Furnished (as a house),

mafic'

isiz.

Furniture, US

) farsé , o b‘l atc

’

tg.

Futile, JG.) baggal.

Future ,jazz, J.

Fuz e, tabbah .

VOCABULARY ENGLISH-ARABIC 14 3

Game (play), V a l Zi'b.

Game (sporting), A.» grid.

Garden, fla gs.. genénah,

bustdn (pl. basa an).

Garlic, r) ? trim.

Garrison,x.l bamiyah .

Gas,J

‘Kicaz .

Gate , gal) . bab (pl. abwc'

ib).

Gather, é ; gama

'.

Gelding, Joy mufissi .

Gemmed , C3}

. mum saa'.

General, Lieut., fariq. Glaring, gf l z iiiii.

General, Major,l)! liwa .

Generally,‘

umz'

iman, QUE.

Generate (beget), towlid.

Generosity, rf i‘

aramfiifl sakhd .

Generous, gawwad ,

(” if Glory , J s ‘magd, J i g . galal .

karim. Glove,J kaflpi.

Gentle, d ale]lafif .

Gentleman (Min), khawd Glue,l): Mira.

gab, sag/id . Glue-pot, Sal/il lmuglgrc‘

iyah .

Genuine ,walls.

(g

earshift.

German, l id ilmcini.

Get, 32; Masa i. Go before, aabaq.

Get up, (if; qdm.

Gift, Una

‘agc

‘

i,

imdiyah.

Gimlet, barfimah .

Girdle (belt), 15 kamar, H) .

biz ém.

Girl , u ) bmt, sabiyaia.

Girth,lj" h

izam,

skar‘

iicah .

Give, Jeni a ta , ga l aicda .

Give back, a)

radd.

Glacis, (w lj g ll) (agosaltara

(li’

l-mitras).

Glad, O la .) farlzc'

in , mab

Glass (a), w lf icds, qadaiz,

QCF/mbbc’

iyah.

Globe (the) ,fif imrrak.

Glorious, J ab. gamu sfi‘mafia


Go by, maria .

Go out,C 1

) fila'rag.

Goat,j

‘

x e ma'z, w e; tés .

God, dill a llait .

Gold, w as.) dahab.

Goldsmith , 6L. saigjg.

Good, V al) gieyib, Mean ,

”5. ijlbér, 8b; gala.

Goods, Gil-é: budd i

'.

Goose , 5) wzz zaiz .

Gouge, if .) dofrah.

Govern, Efiltaica fm.

Government , so;Governor

, £33 wali, lu te ma

Grain,corn, Mullah .

Grammar,js .

’naZnZ.

Grarid,rain) : aging/pf

Grandfather, fig . gidd .

Grandson , Age . hafid

Grant, allowglgjagdz ,Cu mana li .taragqa .

Grapes, “a“; ‘

inab. Guard (advanced),J u l.) bc‘

isi rddr.

Grasp (to), all : wasaio, W

Jjg)? qaraq

'

o‘

l.

Grass, basil isk Guard (rear), dimdc’

vr.

Grateful,”Q. i la/car. Guard (to), Us

); lama

,h as izafag,

Grave, tomb,fl) qabr, a) ; lmfi'aic.

L}; llama .

Graz e (to), yara'a .

Grease, fat, U “du lm,

rs;shahm .

Greatness,ff kibfr.

Green,P

l akhdar.

Grey ,gals“singab

'

i,U3) .

abrash,

g,»az raq.

Greyhaii ed, “ugli duty/£6.

Gridiron, L A L our; s_hibbdk

Zak/nah .

Grief, F9 glgamm.

I f ;

GIiev ,cre glgamm,

rug

7 4 0 j

A

U aft/r an .

Grind, 34 ° ta lzan .

Grindstone , USU“efr-ralza .

Grin (to),I f kagLasjgar.

Groan (to), CUnah

u‘arm.

Groom, M L" saw.

Ground, v ’

gl afrcl

Grow, u.) nama , w nabat.

Grow,increase, 3b} izdad,

14 6

Head, w‘J rds.

Head,leader, w e

?)m is

, 4 3V, qc’

iid .

Head-quarters, d ig‘ markaz

Head simsar.

Head-stall, d ial. basi liq.

Head (to), $3rd'as.

Headach e, u s ljllcanwaga

'ar-rds.

Heal, L311; drafa .

Health , IL? sablzah , L ab‘

dfiyah .

Hear, é ; sami

', 5

53:istama

'.

Heart, J qalb (pl. kr’fiqulIZb).

(mm; bardrah .

Heat (to), us; lzamma .

Heavens, samawat.

Heavy, M tagil.

Heel, V

ii:‘aqab, J ka

‘

b.

Heigh t, 8551z

'

rtifd',c

‘nlh

‘

i.

Heir,a) , war

/

Ls.

Hell,(34> gahannam.

Help (to), 35C. sa'ad .

Hen ,Ka l a . ) ah .

Henceforward, A» L” ; fit me?

ba'd , li eu o

n0

0 min el-xc'

in

fasai'dan .

Here , hmhm .

Hidden, gag

e mulcjgtaf i .o z

Hide (to), L565 "aki fa , Lg; Ickabba.


talmib.

Honour, rectitude,‘

{sti

Honour reverence,rlJb libtira/m,

High , git.‘ali, C

w1

° mu rtafi'.

Hill, 33 tell

Hinder, LP)

” ta'arrad .

Hinge, aw, mufgsa lah .

Hint,

{gli tz/rah

,

Hire,rent

, (ff /aim ,

Hire (to give on), gs}? kara,

yids

aygar.

Hire (to take on),fi lia l islagar.

History,

taf'

ileh .

Hither, he. J l ila hem .

Hitherto, will J l ila’

l-dn .

Hog ,j.»J

‘" kliahz ir.

Hold,

masak.

Hole (in clothes), U) ’ flarq.

Hole (in ground), u p.) tagb.

Hollow,w"? gzirah , bu nuqrah .

Holy,wafia muqaddasy s llo gdltir.

Home (native land), O la) wa tan .

Honest, 8b scililz, veal amin .

Honesty, Ali b i amc’

mah.

Honey,

'asal .

Honour,dignity, CL} algamfi

VOCABULARY

ufuq.

Horn, u} qarn (pl. U9) ; qurfin).

Horse, vi.» lmsdn (coll. J ?

Horse-breaker,J agru lcbada

’

r.

Horseman, U s) ; faris, JUL“:

Horse-shoe , J” na'l.

Hospital, af lL'A AN l isbz

'

td lig/ah,

Hot, a

s“saflgn , 31> 1mm

kandah, 5C; Ichammdrah .

Ice, bi z , £3"

palg, A4 3 . yalid .

Idea, thought ,Jfifiler.

ENGLISH-ARABIC 14 7

Hour,

sci'ak.

House, J ig dé r, w 626 (pl. J ig.)

Hut,m5, z imlz'

lc.

Idol,(no sanam.

If,jl lau

, u l inn ,Li l t

'

z a .

Ignorance, JG: gah'

l.

Illness, Us} . marad,L;

'ayd .

How, u ff kéf, Lfiykéfmd .

How many, kam.

How much,

Humble, Izaqir.

Hundred, at. mag/ah or miyah .

Hundredweightullu s gangar.

Hunger, 69? gt'

i‘

.

Hungry, Ute) ? gfi'c’

m.

Hunt,chase , a,» 35d .

Hunt (to), a‘ch a l

’

zsgc'

id, at ;

taséyad .

Hunter, b il e séjjc

'

id .

Hurricane,in

,»z éba'ak.

Husband,Ci) ; z

ég, J.” ba'lu f

a .


Inclination, J.“mé l.

Income, J? » madLhzZl, anl

Immediate, J ig . MIL/As . badir. irdd .

Immediately,Ila. Zealan . Inconvenient,

ma t zb,j

A s

Immense ,f l) wdfii‘.

Imminent , W munif.

Imperfect, vast; nagz'

s.

Impertinent, saf ih .

Implement,tool , UTdlah .

Important (affair), EGG muhimm.

Import (to), V ia. galab

Impossible , J ls " ma fia!

glgér mumlcin .

Impostor, JLi ‘ makl 'dr

, )li é

gLaddar

Imprison, u: Zzabas, é : sagan .

Imprison (to be) , x i,inlmbas.

Improbable, J ‘x

‘

f“gfiér mu ll

tamal.

Improper, w k, fi

r. glgér ma

misib.

Impure , u allbfi géé’

? Malia.

Incapable, f l; fie: glgér qddz‘

r,

Ji c fib bild‘aql.

Incessant,(J L) daim, J o ly » ma

tawdyil.

Inch,Ll} ; q

irc'

ig.

géér muwc'

ifiq.

Increase (to), Si):

Indebted,in debt

, 0£ 1 3 madyzin .

Indebted , obliged, mam

711771.

Indecent, g al 31) bilr

‘

z adab.

Indigestion, (an(.As

'adam hadm.

Indigo, nilak.

Indispensable W1 laz im,

muqlaqll .

Industrious, mugidd .

Inevitably, I; Y 162 budd .

Infancy,335119 gufd liyah .

Infant,JILL tvfl(pl . JLi lol atfdl).

Infantry,

big/adult .

Infection, L3 3 9‘

adwa .

Infer, {

xi

i

iantag, istantag.

Inferior, J

.»dzZn ,

£33 1adna .

Infidel,ems/a.

Infirm,da

‘if, mu

‘

tall.

Influence, ” a; nufiid, 13“tdfir.

Inform khabbar.

Information, lffiabar,(Ab-l

i'la

'

m.


'fi l

Introduction, J la al idle/nil , alt.) azam.

Intrust , é; wada‘

.

Invent, gil l, ifitara

'.

Investigation, a s ! baht,

talzqiq

Invisible, “filé gfid ’

ib, ”Rafi

Invisible (to become) , Ca l}:

J ack, screw,

‘afr

‘

itah .

J ag, rds el-harb‘

z.

J ar, garralc.

J aw, falc.

J ealous, J ri c gitéyz‘

i‘r, or

; arm.

J est,'

Joke, Cl)“maz dh.

J est (to), istahz a, a:

J ew, yahfidi.

J ewel, gauhar (pl. 1 M) “

gawcihir).

J oin (to), wasa l.

J oist, bf /ramara/e.

Invite, cf

" (la'a,r);

Iron , fiadid.

Iron,for laundry, 9g makwah.

Irregular, “A? f kfiMr ma

rattabu'la gltdz .

Irrigate, Q); rawa .

Island, gaz im h (pl . 1 353

ga zd i’r).

Ivory, El: Yig, c)“sin .

J ourney,

safar, J? ) rah‘

il.

J oy, C); faralz.

J oyful, Uta.) farlecin .

J udge (a), Lsa°l§qc

’

iqli

J udge , consider (to), uh

J udge , decree (to), Pg; Zia/tam,

£56" gada .

J udgment (decree), V! Ihukm

,

w qaald .

J uicew a c

J ump (to), lainait

vuu qafa

J unction, C‘s’ magma

”

.

J ust, é

's” muhigq, J slc

'c7dz

°

l.

J ustice , fiagq, Jar'adl.


Keep,retain

, Ui gl abqa .

Keep, take care of, In}; [cafaa

Kill, gatal.

Kiln,

koshah .

sfiafliq, i u

ma‘mif.

b eKind (sort), @3 m7 , LJ Aao sz'

nf

walla'.

Kindness, L3")

mfg, uLa-a l ilzsdn,

J a w .

Labourer, k11 . 4 .1: shag/£ 71, (l e ts

Ladder,

(L‘ sillim.

Lady, sa'

tt, wsl; klcatt

‘

l‘

n .

King , meli/c '(pl. ejj

l.‘

mullilc).

K ingdom,afi“mamlalcah .

Kink, (“5s multawi .

Kiss, bésah , qublalz .

K iss (to), “A, 66 3 , gabbal.

Kitchen,

..da» matba/ch .

Kite, iJlEJo gég/d

'rah.

Kite (bird), saqr.

Knapsack, garabandiyah .

Knee,3g rukbah

Knee], g

fraka'

,L515 gagfa , as

“

sagad .

Knife, vi . mama .

Knock (to), 6; qara’

, 6 ° daqq.

Knot,

‘

ugdah

Know,C332

‘

araf, rt;'alam.

Knowledge, a.si

mu’

rzfah , Fl ;

Lake,W

) bu fzérah .

Lamb,a »; labarz

’

if.

Lame, C’

d a'f

rag.

Lament (to) , it}

71611.

Lamp,e .


Lance , miz rciq.

Land, country, u‘bl ard .

Land, groundu

'h,barr

, )l.&c

‘aqc

'

ir.

Language, ULJ lisc’

m,Lil luglgah .

Lantern, fanfis.

Lanyard, for gun , Jr g g l J 1 3 .

Lanyard, for sail, Chill J o habl

Large, great, film; figim,A

kebifr.

Large, wide, Ca l)wa

’

az

Lark (the), qunbarah.

Lashing, b kfildsah .

Last,aTakhir.

Lasting , rfl.) daim.

Lastly, ljé l aflgimn .

Latch qufl,suqqfilah .

Late, J r» bay}, umklzri .

Late (the) , deceased, pay

. mar

(aim.

Lathe , 319J s'makhratah.

Latrine , Juli-b l adab-lchdnah .

Laugh (to), da bile.

Laugh ter, M dz’

hk.

Laundress, 31C} gfiassalah .

Law, anfigh, if, aim

“,

Lawful, U

s)

;

sfiar’

i, 33h» h alal.

Lawsuit,

da‘wa .

Lay, place , é;wada', (Jag .

Lazy, ol f kesldn.

Lead (metal), wl—a) ru sc'

is.

Lead (to), It; qdd , IE

; arshad .

Leaf, waraqah (pl.

aurc‘

iq).

Lean,thin

, s makz z‘

il,

” allif

Lean (to),$3

1, ittaka .

Learn, 1: ia‘allam.

Learned,t..lLs

‘c‘

ilz’

m (pl. ‘l—o -LC

'u lamd ).

Lease, ) l; 2lz'

gafr.

Leather, gild.

Leave, bla l

igdz ah , u Sl z'

z n.

Leave (to), as]; safafr.

Left (hand), JLJ . shimal,

yasa'r.

Left (remaining), cfb bc'

iq‘

i.

Leg, sag.

I

Iegacy, u'asz

'

yyah .

Legible , if ” yuqra (is read ).Leisure , bu fadwah, aojfirrsah .

Leisure (being at), L5.413f'

adi .

Lemon, [67min

Lend,

gamma a'c‘

ir.

15 4 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR , PART II

a ,

Little (a), gaman .

Live,dwell

,Qfi. salcan .

Live,exist

, U l la‘dsji.

Livelihood, U

filu ma

'asj .

I “

Liver (the), 35 1mm.

Load (a gun),FE‘ammar.

Load (to), (rammed .

Loan, U”

) gird, 33l1 2~ l istiddnah .

Lock, JAEqufi(pl. J lfifil agjal).

Lock,canal

,35 3 sz

'

dd tir'a

'

h .

xic'iddat ez -z inad .

Lock (to), J AB qafal.

Locust,b l) ? g

aradak. lu'

gaz i .

Loiter,

talcc'

isal. Luck, L21 9 bakht, Cu. gali

‘.

Long as (as), Vb L3 ma. dam.

Luck (bad), Un a? nabs.

Long, lengthy, Jain gaw‘

il. Luck (good), Ju l z'

gbdl,

Look at};nagar.

Looking-glassfiljo mirdh (pl. lglj o

Loophole, ebf karnalc (pl. sai l/f

Mad, U)

‘s.“magniZn . Made ma'fmfil

,

Madden, gannan. i fi. mq f

‘

fij.

Loose (to), J ; (tall, edgfakk, uh .

kha lla .

Lord, AZ. »séyid, sid.

Lose, dag/yd ,

"

a;faqad.

Lose,a cause; kjgasir.

Loss, fiusflm k.

Loudly, J l: Lay

).b’

got kill .

Louse, w qamlah .

Love, L a. hubb

,ZAS

‘mababbab,

ax zafzq

Love (to), V 3 . habb,

‘asj iq.

Lover, G

a le‘

dsj z

’

q.

Low, sci/£1,Lucerne

, gals?"

(“N 9 4 barsim

Luggage, d in‘affi, JLfil apqdl.

Lukewarm, L313 dc

'

ifiu slsfc‘

ztir.

Lungs, 55)rig/ah .

Lupins,

tirmis.

VOCABULARY

Madhouse , vinyl. marisliin .

Magaz ine, uj“makh z an.

Magic, silar.

Magician, J u l.» sd lzz’

r.

Magistrate, L568 ge‘

zdi .

Magnificent, M g, galil, JAB

Maid, w baa/C,

biler.

Maid-servant,3.9 L? gc

’

iriyah,

Ka lb kkcidi'mah .

Main body, w b l asfis.

Main-mast, fifll (ato ll egg

-

sari

Main-springfi f g igydi Icebir.

Majesty, Liar

°

agamah, 333i; ga

Major, Ga g binbc

‘

isha .

Make, J J

'amal

, Jgfa'al .

Maker, J a b

e

c'

wnil, CSLa

Male,f ; z a/far.

Malingerer, mu tamc‘

in’

d.

Mallet,

maddagah, 3. )n

Man, J ? ) raged U

L.“insc

‘

m (pl. J ig .

)rigi d, w b nfis).

Manger, ma'laf, a

)»

madwz'

cl.

ENGLISH-ARABIC 155

Mankind inse'

in, V

AT

Manufactory,fif fabrilcah, J.»

Manufactured goods (cloth ,

bfiu qumdsh .

Marble, J; marmar

,

PB)ruflodm.

March (to), L?“masha

,b i»)

N

Masculine,

muz alckar.

Manner,behaviour

,sirah

,

fi a t 857, u ié l addb

, d b l

alga-lag.

Manner,mode

, J i) u manwé l.

Manual exercise, Lab) riydqlab,

Mark,KAN:

c

a laimah.

Market,

sfiq (pl. 63-4 as

u'dq) .

Marriage, z awfig.

Marriage (to ask in), u h; khafab.

Marry,

taz auwag.

Marsh,igls

'

: gfic'

ibah .

Marshal, field,J an.»mus/fir.

Maltyr, Aw; slaa lfcd (pl.Ta r:


Mast, ga

la sari. Melt, Lg ) :dauwib.

Master, e u

’

allim, at.“séyicl, Memorandum

, 95A.» muz ak

w ho sabib.

Mat, {i d s

-Em it.

Match (equal), cf) ; qarin .

Match (lucifer), cab-( MM .

Match (uniform), C»zog.

Mathematics,b u sh

y.“”1l cl

‘

u liim er-riyéd iyah .

Matter,afl

'

airu

s l amr.

Mattress,

marlabah .

Mean,sordid

, éaqir,

Mean (to), L9?'ama .

Meaning, L511» ma‘

na .

Means,

u'asilah

,l i mb

Meantime (in the) , Ufa-é 6

flglmd iin z dli/c.

Measure, w igs qiya

'

m.

Measure, grain, i s. Izabbak.

Measure (to), JAEqc’

is.

Meat,

VL labm.

Medicine,l): dawe

'

i.

Medicine (the art), Cl io gibb.

Meet, Lg? l

aqa, d ad; sédaf.

Melonjsweet, FLA

gfiamém.

Melon,water

, baggilclg.

Memory, 965 zdkz

’

rah,3 ref/er.

Mend,become better

,2Cy l insaZak.

Mend,improve

£ 4 5aslaZz.

Mend,repair, rs) rammam.

tea/car.

Merchandise,

tiyarah ,

Merchant,fi \3tdgz

’

r (pl) ? tayz'

ir).

Merciful,

fraZcEm.

Mercury,

z ébaq.

Merit, JAJ fadl, d lfié

-‘l1'

stilzgc'

iq.

Message, risalah, Ha lf , g

a

Messenger, Jr )fraszZl

,M l; qasicl .

Metal, um ma

'dan .

Metal,road

,.lal)‘z alug.

Midday stables (military), J u g

n’

all timdr eg -guhr.

Middle,

wasag, d d naef

(pl. g unansdf ).

Middling, c)" 67592 bén

,

mu tawassz’

t.

Mild,( 3L. Italim

,d i al laglf.

Mile, J, mil (pl. l o l a-mydl).


Moon,JJ gamar.

Moon,full

, J.» badr.

Moon,new

, J i g hilc'

il.

Morals, d k l alchlc

‘

iq, 9 M addb.

More il>g z ig/Zidak, J ail

aktar.

More akharw lf kamdn .

Morning, 60 sublz.

Morrow, b e glucdc

'

t .

Morse], LU luqmah .

Mortar, building, miinah,

Mortar (military), (” in hdwin.

Morticeuli snaqc

‘

ir.

Mosque, as“masgid (pl.

masc'

lgid),Cola . gc

’

z‘

mz (pl.Cal);

Mosquito, wa

ft ndmiZs.

Mosquito-curtain, mime?

Moth er, Fl umm, SA“) wdlidah .

Mountain, J , » gabal (pl. Ja

gibdl).

Mourn (to), a) ; Zzaz in , d; kadd .

Mouse, fc’

zmh (pl. u ljé f iran ,

Moustaches, g ) skawc’

irib, u s

;

Mouth , 5: fumm, at ; hanalc.

Move (to), as]; karm ic.

Moved (to be), a;Movement , 1g; haralcah .

Much,A ketir, JJj

’

a. gaz il,

Mlld, waltz, ugh

Mule, J” bagél.

Muleteer, JG; baglggfic

‘

il,

Munitions, z akhifrah .

Murder, Jar. qatl.

Murder (to), J ig

qatal.

Murderer, J ib t il.

Mushroom,iKkamd t.

Mu sic,

nfibah,

mit

LSDJ

'Bnobati, gi t -“

J;

mfis‘

iqagi.

Musk, mislc.

Musketry instruction,

Must (auxil. verb), the word

laz im (necessary) is used for

it in connection with the

principal verb.

VOCABULARY :

Mutilate, L3; saqqagu ) :

'awwar.

Mutiny, win-a s'asuyan , gu n

Nail, spike, mamuar (pl

Nail (toe or finger) , jab g ufr (pl.

filial agdf ifr).

Namely, VIZ .

, L91 9. ya

'n

'

i .

w 0

c ar mubaddzs.

ENGLISH-ARABIC 159

Mutton, GL"K'L Zalim (742712, V

L

rzs'

: lab-

in gjganam.

Mutual, syn , mushtamk.

Myrtle , WT6 8 .

sirr (pl . asrar).

Native , balad'

i, j) ; muta

wallid, Uzi)wagani .

Native land, UL)wagan .

Nature,temper, Zx fllo gabTaJL

Nave (of wheel), 6 L“: basi l iq.

Nearly, J

s’na law.

Necessarily,33 Yla budd .

Necessary,

l‘fllaz im.

Necessaries (military), e b b .

160

Necklace , 27d, UL» kirdan .

Need, Ee l; bdgah ,

EL?" ifztiyfig.

Need (to) , ilitfig .

Needle, if }ibrah (pl .f l ubar).

Needleful of thread, ziq

Needy, Clzs" mu lztdg .

Neglect,mi gliaflah , Ju l ihmal.

Neglect (to), LTakmal .Negligent , M s

fmu hmil.

Negress, garriyah .

Negro , sadan'

i,

ltabash‘

i .

Neighbour, 962? (pl. U‘J "? gi

Neighbourhood , if) ? girah.

Neither— nor, YJ

— Yld — wala.

Nest US:

‘

ask, JS) wile

'r.

Net,i i i

. slmba/cah .

Never,lip}abadan,

fib l aslan,13

New, Agas gadid .

News,J : khabar (pl . agi

Newspaper, my ? gafldah .

Next, Hp)

; qarib, Jab qdbil,QBtdli

, rob qc

'

idim.

Nice, w e (mean, w as gieyib.


Non-combatant, g a

la“jfié

muhdrib.

Non-comd. officer,la th J : safi

'

Nigh t, Zélah,M 161.

Nigh tingale , J J : bu lbul, “J ags‘anda lib.

Nigh tmare , i /cdbd s.

Nimble,

m sfiiq.

No , 153,Y la.

Noble,m}

:

sharif.

Noise,it? " daygak, w )

: got,

None, J ail Ylei ahad.

Nonsense, whim hadaydn .

Noon,midday

,any time from

twelve to one, jab guhr or

duhr.

North, JL

z

. shamal, £51 5

) bae i .

Nose,d ial anf, f o l: manalchir.

Nosebag, mikhlah .

Not,

\1 la, gi ér, u s ) 163 .

Not at all,Mkalla

,i.e l aslan .

Nothing, LS?" Y la she.

Notice,l h>3b mulalzagah ,

Ichabar, u l cl 1. Ian .

Nourish , git: gfiadda , Cal;

qé t.

Novelty,

mustagid.


Occupation, employment, J“: Officer,official

,h is ; gabig (pl.

Occupation, military, db l

ilm'

lal.

Occupation, occupancy ,

Occupy, give employment, Ji g

istakhdam.

occupy oneself, shawl.

Occupy,possess

, Q; tagar mjfi

Occur, £33waqa',al l; badas

,

Occurrence, 69

3)wuqd

', U s}:

Odd (in number), 9 3 fard, ” A K

Odd,strange, h r

s/é gfiarib, Cg

.»

bad‘

i‘

.

Offence,i‘l isd

’

ah,Ki lls?

muLhfilaflh , gafimah .

Offend,"Ciasii, flat; géc

‘

ig .

Ofi'ended (to be), J ae-g aéidib,

11221, igétcig .

Offer (to), 633

qaddam, ”lol l

a'

ga .

Oflice,bureau

, ulfis diwc

’

in.

Office,function

, w mansab,

Often,Inf lecfimn,f { \alcpa

'r.

Often, as, hp mahmc‘

z .

Oh ! ‘J L,taya saldm/

Oil, ou

r)2513.

Old (ancient), 6 12°'atiq , radii

qad‘

m .

Old (man),5

3 wick (PL

Old (woman),j) ;‘agd z .

Olives, z étdn .

Omelette, a?

‘ayyah .

Omit, Izadaj; 312iakmal.

Omnipotent (the), 252.ngcfiis

qddir‘

ala ku ll glgé.

On, Lg:

‘ala .

Once,anciently

, hgx s‘

qadiman ,

EL» sdbz'

gan .

Once (a single occasion),marrah .

Once (at), vi:

YB. Milan .

One , b i)wc

’

zlzz'

d .

Onion, J .» baaal.

Only, Li} fagag.

Open on . maftfilz.

VOCABULARY ENGLISH-ARABIC 163

Open (to),g;fatali.

Opinion,religious, maz ma

hub.

Opium,

afgan .

Opponent, g i lls

! mu lcfidlif, ( a ;

Opposite (prep ) , nu qabalah, Ostrich,(.l na

‘

c’

zm.

Ag tugdh , tilqci . Other,f l c a fr,f.(5124 u/jy’

a,

Opposite,facing JAQL. ma

-.

qdbil,(.Li amdm,

J Las gusdd .

Opposition,ib ti .‘ nuc balah

,

«t abla mu'araqlah .

Oppress,

(LL g a lam.

Oppression, (L5 sa lsa} ? gabr.

Or, jl ow, r

l am.

Orange, L965} ,burtuqc

’

m.

Orator, w ing . kha tib.

Order (arrangement), w }? tar

t‘

zb, tadbir

,

rm; nigc

’

zm,

Order (command), wasz’

y

ya k, f

l amr (pl. awd

Order (to),f l amar.

Orderly-room (infantry), “x i .

Aw)“maktab cl-orga h .

Ordnance-store, u LLfi

himmat .

Origin, J o l a§l (pl. Jy ‘vei l).

Ornament,by;z inah .

Ornamented, US} museyan .

Orphan, rang yatim (pl. r

b l

Out,Cf " khc

‘

im’

g, l}: barm .

Out of, CI“min .

Outlet, CP

A mugging.

Outposts,fix ” J ibi awd

'z'

l el

ALLY ! l ’

amkoldt el-amdmi

yak.

Outside,61m

93.

f i’

l-fidrz’

g.

Outside, surface , sag’

lz.

Over, a} f6q.

Overcoat, Lt:'abc

‘

z.

Overflow, ELIafalt.Overseer

UM} nc

'

iz ir.

Overset, V i : qalab, u-S)

rakas.

Overtake, u adrak, UL Zal nq.

L 2


Owe, 03

" gal:'aléh dén . Owner, w t.»edlzib, Li lla mc

'

il z'

lc.

Owl,(9) brim. Ox ,

.i baqarah (pl .J ib baqar).

Pace, pas qadam,Ichagwa h. Palisades (military), Jr )

;

Pack of cards, L5» glmdat

u'

araq.

Pack-saddle, U " sarg.

Pack up (to), yihadir

li’

s-safar.

Packet (bundle), surm h .

Page (of a hook), gafltah , Paper (a sheet of) , a), C15far/ch

ragesabifah . waraq.

Pail,bucket,j: dalai . Paper

,blotting , 5 5m waraq

Pain, 6”waga

',

rll alam.

Pain (to), 8 3wagga'.

Painful, r

?"alim,

7711791

Paint (depict), saw'wa'r

Paint (to), O; Zawwan, o

n :

Painter, Lfifib naqqc'

isfi.

Painting (a), Uni snaqfi.

Painting (the art of), tag

Pair (a), C 3}z ég, v9“epnén.

Palace,

sardi,1

a; gasr.

Pale,J u l ayfar (f. I) » safi'a).

Palm-branches, J

?sa

‘zif

nakh l.

Palm of the hand, J kaf .

Palm-tree, J

‘

s’ m kh l.

Parade, fill, gabar.

Parape t,

dirwah .

Parapet of fort,

sad/ra h.

Parasol,w shamsiyyah .

Pardon, J

ae‘afiZ, ubab glnrdn

,

Pardon (to), gkafar,{Lo

Pardon (to -z l istagfifar.

Parents, 03A“) wdlz'dén .

Parlour, glmrfah, J a i n

maq'ad.


Penknife,ii)“mibrah

, aJl if » Perspire, 55 araq.

mzbrc‘

it el-qalam , 5h. magwalt. Persuade, éSl agna .

Pension,

ma‘

c‘

wh . Persuasion,advice

,Es t-4 3 wage

People, J e l ahl, (9

3 gem.

Pepper, J nléfiQ/i l.

Perfect, J Ad mz

'

l,rl‘

i tdm.

Perfection J lf lcamal.

Perform, J .c

'amal.

Perfume,Jig :

Perhaps, Jal la

'alla

, Uz i yimkz

'

n,

Perish, A11; halak, f mz.

‘

Permanent, c p l ? 86656

,

mustamifr.

Permission, gla l agc'

iz ah, Usl iz n.

Perpendicular, g ar b‘

amadi. Piastre,half

, (vulg)“Q‘s U t

a/3

Perpetual, (”sail abadi, rile dd z

'

m.

Perplex,52; be

’

yar.

U}? bZrdn .

Perplex ed (to l:>l zhtar.

Persevere, Ci el; wa z ab.

Persia,

rs‘ ‘

agam.

Person,

8720 15718 (pl. ua léi

‘l

Perplex ed

-fi3 nafar.

Person (a certain), k335 35111c

Person (to appear in), uni t“

sfiaflgas.

Personally, w léllgbl. z -z dt.

Petition, U 5}

‘ard.

Phrase,ila , gumlah, able:

‘iba/rah .

Physic (medicine), l) : dawe'

i, Eh

‘z'

ldg.

Physic (science of), LL gibb.

Physician, w ig gabib, (asl

madam,ff , llakim.

Piastre, Us)

; 9&e (pl.“Su i:gamma , U

s

; q (pl. Us}

qurz’

isjg), (vulg.) ila US)

? crab.

Pickax e,a.) azma h.

Pickles, J is

‘mu lchallil.

Picquet, aw; daurig/ah .

Picture, scim/r,

Piebald, Gil l ablaq.

Piece,bit

,w gig

'ah.

Piety,

tagwa .

Pig, JAE»fianz ir.

Pigeon, Ka la . Izamdmah .

Pillar,

c

amfid (pl .

VOCABULARY

Pillow,

mulcjaddah.

Pin (a), dabbz'

is.

Pincers,Jail . milqag.

Pine-apple,“stall we

‘eu en-m

’

is.

Pioneer,

baltagi.

Pipe, ed) ; M qasabah

Pistol,ar

‘l’gabangalc.

Pit,hole

,i) ; lmfra h.

Pitch (to), tents, (lamb,

Pity (to), £533.i rafaq, rabam,

Place,position

, ulfimakdn,ca);

mauda', C)”

magm lz.

Place (to), g;waqla',L; frag .

Plague, pestilence, uJ S Llo ga‘

zin,

Plain,clear

,basit

ear-ila.

Plain,ugly, cfi‘" bd in .

Plan,drawmg, m am.

ENGLISH-ARABIC 167

Please (if you), min

a a o f

Please (to), w l a'

gab, up)

Plane,smoothing, glsfdrah .

Plank, 5

1 lax} (pl. Cl)“alwc'ifz).

Plant (a), m tg nabc’

it.

Plant (to), giants.

Plaster, Ub ly ,bag/dd.

Plate, U

s.”

calm(pl.“Us ” sultan) ,

b is ".salzfah, 6 4° lab“?

Play,sport

, v al li'b,

Zi'bah .

Play (to), C4 4 li‘z’

b.

arda .

Pleasure, iii la zz ah, sur

'

fir.

Pledge (a), u“) ralm.

Plentifuluéljwcifir, J ’J " gaz il.

Plenty,s kayrahuf ) wus r.

Plough (a), u ll sfaddan, Cal) :

Plough (to), 595; learag.

Plum, (by ,barqiiq.

Plumber, ‘ffi" sankar’i.

Plunder, b y , yagémci, b e

?)

nahb.

Plunder (to), “a” ? nahab.

Plunge into, castil inhcmzak.

168

PoCket, u ? ? 956.

Pcetuc lz dad

'ir.

Poetry,j

azz. shi‘

r.

Point (of knife or needle), 1 ;

Point (to), L}: J; dall‘a la.

Policy,3.0L; siydsak.

Polish (to), J .“ gaqal, $53

garnish .

Polite, ange l adib.

Politeness, v al adab, Ewwlciyci

Politicswqastadbir, siycisah .

Pomegranate, uni) mmmén .

Pony,J P

mu hr.

Pool,pond

,fin: gfiad‘

ir, Us)

;

Poor,J ab faqir.

Populous, ” A“ma

'mc

‘

ir, Jj ab

Port,haven

,ll“mind .

Porter (carrier), Jug . hammd l,

til?»flee/ci l

Porter (doorkeeper), bau

wc’

ib.

Portion,

hzasah, qismah.

Portrait , swab, tas


bas .

Postage-stamp, timnah

Portrait painter,

musawwi'r.

Possess, 5111malak.

Possessing, being the possessorof

,is ex pressed by j?) 212, g als

z dt, V A L. sahib.

Possession, Qua mulls

,tas

Possibility, umimkc

'

in.

Possible, UL . mawki

’

n, J ‘ss

‘

muhtamal .

Post,military

, J-S‘ markaz ,

nq ak.

Postage, M J J l ij sgl agrat-el

Potatoes,

bagc’

ztz'

s.

Pouch,Zfikafiak.

Poultice,ans

-J lablcbah .

Pound (weight), J la) my] (pl.

J llo) l argcil).

Pour, x sci/cab

, w sabb.

Poverty, faqr.

Powder,5 . 9L . safaf.

Powder, gun biimZd.

Power, qudrahv

lazsl igtz'

da'

r.

Powerful, 5 l garlir, ja w} :

'az i

'

z,

g) ? qozci,agar)»

170

Probable, J. : s

‘mu lzta'mal

Proceed, go forward to, as)

;

. p a o

istamarr,rail ? taqaddam.

Proceed, go sadar

Proceedings, ail/

k l z'

grd’

at.

Procure, bassal

Produce,bring forth , fizjl antag,

J é l aglgall.

Produce,bring forward, gad

dam,511i asdar.

Produce (of cultivation),

géallah , J . .aL basil, Jf a x“

Profession,

sana'ah

,

Profit, sailsfaWah .

Profitable,

muf id .

Prolong, Jllo gal .

Promise (a), Ac) wa‘

d .

Promise (to), 353wa'ad.

Promotion,

ta'rq

'

iyah .

Prompt,

saw"

.

Promptly, Ila. Izala fn .

Pronounce,laid lafag.

Proof, Jald dalil, O le) ,

buflcc'

in .

Proper, up)! laiq, w i

jwc

’

igib,

w h o manasib.


Property,possession

, alto milk,

Property, quality, ESP: Massah

,

Prophet, (5

° nab‘

i .

Proportion, W U tanc

'

isub.

Pmportionate, W M mu ta

nasib.

Proposal, u bj

c'ard .

Propose, $55

'ara(I.

Propriety,XSLJ layaqah, 2.n

munasabah .

Prose,f ; na_tr.

Prospect, rm

‘askam

, J s l amal.

Prosper,

Cb l aflah.

Prosperous, 6 53 ° muwafi

'aq,Car-i

f:

ndgzlz.

Prostitute,L s

;qabbah ,

glgarmatah, i5 s t:‘

ahz‘

mh .

Protect, g

s . llama,5l;l agar.

Protection,aglg .

mu lrdfagah .

Proud,fl mu takabbir.

Prove,demonstrate

, [5553barhan,

L137agbat

Prove,test

, 03 24 imtalzan .

Proverb,

masal (pl . Ju d i

amsal).


Providence (divine), Jill23h :'ina Purchase-money (military),

Provisions,3} ,s z afi

'

ifrah,(.l

rah,Unifignah .

Publisher (of books),t ndshz’

r.

Pull, £4 3; gadab, L; saZzab.

Pulpit,f

a minbar.

Punish, 4 55

‘

c‘

iqab, C935‘az z ab.

Punishment, ce ll s:

'azab

,if

. giz a .

Pupil, scholar, Afi li talmid.

Quail (a bird), samman.

Qualification, sifah .

mah‘

z'

yah , Lul a manqabah,

Quantity, J lafi.‘ miqdar,

Quarrel (a), m’

za',{An s

Quarrel (to), pl; talglgc’

isam.

Pure,chaste

, of" nagt

'

.

Pure,clean

,fills git/air.

Pure,unmix ed

, “all; kl rd lis.

Purgative, bl?“mash t'

l.

Purpose, qasd, ital) ifc

'

zda h.

Purse, (r ims (pl .“A,“clog/as) .

Pursue,55d:find , go

:taba

‘

.

Push, £93dafa

'

Put, 6;wada', .lao. bag .

Put out, JJo gall.

Putty,

ma'

gu'

n.

Pyramid,VA haram (pl. r

ljn l

ahram).

Quarter (a fourth), Ca

j

‘

rub‘.

Quarter (region, district),fndfziyah , i) ; Zairah .

Queen , ai r. mam-ah .

Quench , trial affa.

Question,sua l.

Question (to), al

l; sa'al

,

ren a l

;

islaflzamg n u l‘istafsar.

Quick, sari‘

.


Quickly,” All IA} ?

qawdm.

Quicksilver, zébaq.

Quiet, peaceful, sakit, f l“sékin

, g ala Midi.

Quiet, rest, 19A) rdlzah, J“hud z'i .Quill (feather),w)Quilt, Q U lahcy

“. afl l afirad.

Quote, J ag naqal,fl ), iqtabas,

Rabbit, am ab.

Race, {Gallo gazfah.

Radish, J s

’figl.Rags, cu lt ?)

ruq‘

at, Jfils s da

'abfl.

Raid,lj‘i gizaza.

Railway, orwallK. garig

or si/clca t cl-Ztad‘

id .

Railway-station, mallagfa h .

Rain,Jlu magar.

v :

Raisins, W 5 z abib.

Ramble , stroll,5L; dar.

Rampart, Ly ljie mz

’

tras .

Rank (military), ru tbak.

Rank (of soldiers), d o sqflfRansom

,Qx fadih . Reach , bulayj, 31; [zasgaL

Rareuslsnadir. m a x.

Quince, safargal.

Quit, L635}tam/17

,5; hagar.

Quite,

ru b

,bi

’

t-tamam.

Quotation, Jfi naql, Alz g

l ircid,

Rash,JR“mutakawwz

'

r.

Rat, L95

5) ? garchin , 5

Bfar.

Rate (to), value at, tamman .

Ration,bread

, Sal} ? girc’

zyak.

Ration return, u b f d

[ wai f

Rations, w e“: ta

'

yinat.

Ravage, waste , Marab, J im:

‘

a ltal.

l lavagcd (to he ), go

) talcharrab.

Raven (a), a) sage.

Ravrne, g al) wc

’

zd i, an :

'amq .

Raw (meat), L3 726.

Rays, that. glfia

'a‘

.

Raz or, wy

mas (pl. (fly

ol

amwas).I f ,

0

174

Refrain ittaraz .

0

Refresh , garm , Cljh l

,is

Refusal , ‘lgl ibd , l

Refuse , é]aba ,Regard, esteem,

Jlgs l i

'tibé r.

o C

zmtana

Regard, relation to , L a b.»mund

sabah .

Regiment, LL) ’l OTKQIL, L

O'SY\

Regimentals, gJ Lf /casdwi .

Regret (to), g i ants tdassaf ,

Regular, “wk " mum ttab,

Regularity, furtio.

Rein, if gmra‘

.

Reject, 3; radd.

Rejoice, gladden, C)

, farrah.

Rejoice (to), farill .

Relation,narrative

, a qifigah,

mg hikdyah .

Relation , relative, qarib,

garibak.

Relief (military) ,Religion , din

, u lg l imc'

in ,

LL millah, u p diyc

'

inah,

W 3.» maz lzab

Rely on, J : m l,i'tamad

‘ala.


Remain, be left, 6 3’ bagi.“Q o ¢ °

Remain,continue

uiz w l

’zstayarr,

istamar'r.

5

Remainder, 3b bciqi .

Remark (to), £ 51 lc'

ilzag.

Remedy, help, u jlu mu'c'

iwanah .

Remedy (medical), EM”1769 ,

“be dawd .

Remembrance, i 3 z ilcmh .

Remove, change abode, 3331in

taqal.

Remove,take away, 3

33nagal,

L5; nahhi, e,rafd

‘.

Rendez vous, Ac} . mau‘z’

d

Renew, 3 x 3. gadda

'i, 3L:

'dd .

Renown,w shuhmh .

Rent (house),Klein? lif t? ugrahRepair

,mend sallalz

rammam.

Repeatiykarm r, Sléia‘c

‘

id .

Repent, Li ; tdb, nadim.

Replace,3; radd

, Us}:‘awwa d.

Reply (a), te l) ? gawc‘

zb.

Reply (to), n‘

gc‘

iwab.

I

Report (to), J} qarrar, al lashd

'.

Repose,b l)rdbah

Reproach ,{d ldm,

Ea)wabbakh .

VOCABULABY

Request (to), Lilo galab, s'

Jo

l‘

Reserve of troops, £ 3133“ m s

Reside, “3& salcan

, Slag qagan ,

Re sign, duc a l

,istaffa ,Fl; sallam.

Resignation,

FL ? taslim

,

istiffd.

Resist , at;

qc’

zwam, EA: mc

'

ina'.

Resolve (to), E};‘az am.

Respect,rgfitakfim.

Respecting, with reference to,

Rest (to) , i551; istarc'

ilz.

Restive, c l; laid , Lbb qalfiq.

ENGLlSH-ARABIC 175

Retire, U f a }.ins

-araf, é;raga

e

’

Retreat, sunset, by nfibat

I f ,

Review, Ub li A isti'ardd, Us}

Revive ,L5“alzya .

Revolution, ug h“inqz'ldb.

Reward, be, gaz c

’

z,slatfimukc

'

ijc’

zh .

Rheumatism, J ‘ Uu C? )

waga‘

Riches, J l. mal (pl J lf damwd l).

Ridicu le (to), zada ltlmk, J »

Re turn,come back

, raga'.

Re turn (to), give back, Cf? )

ragga'

,35fluid.

Revenge, naqmah ,($3q

176

Right , correct, sahih,“rel-a

Right, just claim, Izaqq.

Right (not left), yamin .

Rind, qiglgra h.

Ring, Iza laqah .

Ring, seal, rile.wtim.

Riot,ijla s

'a§dwah.

Ripe, g) » mustawi .

Rise (as the sun), é llo idlesharaq .

Rise,stand up, El

;

qc’

im.

River,

nahr (pl. ) L,.Bl anhdr)

Rivet, musmé/r.

Road, oak zafiq (pl M ug),

darb.

Roast (to) , shawa .

Rob,

sarag.

Robber, UZJ lass (pl. LJ

OJA .’

Robe, y am-

ah, was gafgdn,

Kali». Marah .

Rock (a), sakhmk.

Rocket,

sc‘

ZmZM.

R011(to), J; Itadal,&; Sdalzmg.

Roof,

sag’

lz'

,sagf.

Room,chamber

, u s e b'

ét,Lajl

édah, SJ? fingrak.


Rule,regulation, u)

” qc'

im'

Zn .

Ruler, governor, {KB W ins

, J ‘l:‘

c’

imil,lai d ; mu tasallig, LS

”)

Room,space

,wa sa

’

.

Root, J o l asl, I ”? gidr.

Rope, “La . Izabl.

Rose (a), a) , ward.

Rot (to), uh;‘afan

, u ; qadn’

,

ens dc'

zb.

Rough , u .z5 khashin .

Round about, J) ; Izél.

Round(circular),”i n mudawwar.

Row (to), gaddaf .

Rub, sic; da

'ab.

Rub together, gel; (talc/c.

Rubble, u

m; dabsh .

Rudder,

dafi'ak.

Rude,brutal

,lags géalig, 6

b

khuslmi .

Rug, LL», busc'

it.

Ruin,devastation

, ge l) ; fiara‘

b,

Ruler,instrument

, 9h .“

{arah (pl. maségir).

Run, UL? rakagl, (j) ? g

ara .

Rupture, qirq.

Rust,LL.» sade

’

i.

178

Science, ( ls‘ilm

, asfarm,

Scissors, uni . magae.

Scorpion,

¢agrab.

Scoundrel, cam;

Scout, ML1ali

'ah .

Screw, Lg) ,

birgjfi.

Say

s-( bah .

Seal (to), it; Mad am.

Search, J r; fattagé.

Season, ubl awdn , J.“fasl (pl.

Seat (a), G af lcurs‘

i.

Secret sirr.

Secret,private

,sirm

Seed, a»z ar

'

ujv

,oz'

er.

Seek, ( All, galab, u n i fattash .

Seem,;éla gahar.

Seiz e, L; qabad, Q; masalc.

Seldom, Sat nddimn.

Self, w as nafs myself

,

nafsi (see Gr.,Art.

Send, cw ,

bu‘ap, JLJ arsal

, é},

PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR , PART 11

Separation,3.3)ls

’

u mufd raqah .

Sergeant, us

e}: fidw

‘

ish .

Sergeant-major

, Uz

i)“u fi

b bdsh

shdwish .

Serious,important,E4»mulcimm.

Serious,staid

, data. muledb.

Serpent, Zzayyah , U

L} ;

Several,

ba‘

d,

‘

z'

ddah,

Several times,El) ; mirdran.

Severity, fiiddah, gun,

gasc’

iwah.

Sense (meaning), L521» ma'na .

Sense (understanding), Jan‘

aql.

Sentry, fl u glgafir,

didebdn .

Sentry-box,

wardiyah.

Separate,

mufrad, Ja n

Servant,rats.fiad im,

(.l Iekud

dam,A 4 .

'abd

, ri b géuldm

(pl . uUfiglgilmdn).

Service,h as Ichidmah .

Servitude,Egg) ;

zs diyah .

Set (as a jewel), 6210

[

m’

um‘gsqa

n

Set to (as the sun), sets


M GR}; haz z .

Shaken (to be), ufil‘idgarab,

ad .

Shallow, c Lt . shayif.

Shame,bashfulness

, J s" fiagal.

w e‘

éb,

Shame,disgrace,

Share (to), divide, V“, qassam.

Sharp, Si: Mdd , darib.

Shawl, JL

‘L

algal.

She, u

s hiya .

Sheep,VJ gi anam (pl. rh i l

amen ) ; a sheep, Elf " na'

gah.

Sheet (of a bed), maldb,

Sheet (of paper), gallfiyah,

Shell (mil itary), 3.3L: danah.

Shelter (refuge), ls“malgci.

179

a c o o

lama asjyrag,

marc'

ikib), saf inah (pl.

Shirt, M qamig.

Shoal,a h bdga/z.

Shoe, J ». Li tuf , Us !» madae ,

Show (to), Q5} ara, abda ,

Shut , gigalaq, agfilaq,

Siege, )L-a.> i

ja “muhc‘i

Sight, J " ! basar.

M 2

13 j“sz

'

rmc'

iyah .

Shoot, gawwas, u.

)rama .

Shop, can, (admit, UKdank/can.

Short, ”

a; qasir.

Shoulder, J kitf (pl. u m

Shut (to block), sadd.

Sick,ill

, UAgja marid, u l

l

e

‘

aygan.

Side, w ganb (pl. ga


Sight, back, L553 slfiLfi m

gfidngc‘

ih warra'

ni.

Sight (gun), afiw nifigc’

ingc’

ih.

Sight, lateral, Aims

nigfidngdh gawibi .

Signal, mark, 14 1 9'a lamah,

Signaller, islrd ratgi .

Signature, la ’

a l imda,Ljfirmah .

Silence, 9 9C. sukd t, w samt.

Silver, fadqlah.

Simple, bas

‘

ig.

Sin (a), l ick; fiagiyyah.

Since, because , UY lz

’

an.

Since, from, 34 » mund.

Since, then, czfijl wit; a.» min

zaJc el-waqt

Sincere , d ale sadiq, ” Alf mulch

Zia.

Sincerity, UaBL’

x l {Ichlda

Sing, L};

gianna.

Singer, £59"mugfianni .

Singing-girl, 2.c'c‘

ilz'

mah (pl

pH):

Single, one only, A) : fard, b l)

wahz'

d.

Single, unmarried, gajlc‘

az ib.

Singly, lad ) ita l) wdhidan wc'

i

Zn'

dan, To) ; fardan.

Sink, gfiariq, Ji ggjgagaa.

Sister, gas-l uk ht.

Sit, qa

'ad

, JR; galas.

Siz e,£ 33gad'r,Pf ? g

irm,

rs“(tagm.

Skilful, ( 535 . Mdiq,fit» main :

Jug slad tir.

Skill, ably man/admit, glint gfiagc

'

z

rah .

Skin, gild (pl. A) ? yakid).

Skin, water, 293 qarbah.

Skirmish (to), tasl iarlgéag.

Sky, f , gau, samci , ellsfalalc

Slave, Aer.'abd , ejj

l.‘ mamldk.

Sleep (subs ), (93 u 3m

,

Sleep (to), (US nam.

Sleeping, (”inmum.

Sleepy, ub x

’

: na'sdn .

Sling (of rifle), U nqa zslg.

Sling (of sword-belt), ban

dah .

Slip,

z alaq.

Slipper, O

J L’ bdbiig,

bantfiflah .

Slippery, d l)’

zaliq, {me

zalzlaq.


Space, g .»mada , maddah.

Spade, faslzah .

Span,j u

t

: (Pl-jai lW )

Spar (of wood), ”nbargam.

Spark, afiarc’

zrah .

Speak, JG»qd l, 7K talcallam.

Spear,

C‘)rum}; (pl. C

L.) armalc,

CL.)nmdh).

Special, ver b s“maklzgcis, UaLs.

Mas.

Spectacles, u bll'

aj naz z c‘

irdt.

Speech, 6 k: mugg, Jail Iafg .

Speech , oration, i lli. maqc'

zlah

calla}: kln'

tdb.

Spend, “ff garaf. Spring-time , cg)rabi

'.

Spice,jg,buhar.

Spider, w “.c'an/cabi t.

Spill, L ; gubb.

Spilt (to be), w t. insabb.

Spin, J}

;

glrazal.

Spindle, Jq magéz al.

Spirit, breath,C2)

mil: (pl. Square murabba‘

,

Spit, bagaq, J}taj

".

Spite, A3: Ziaqd.

Splendid, galzl.

Splendour, with ski n.

SP1“: 5 3 séaqq, if»? sada'.

mutlaf.

Spoke (of wheel), barmaq.

Sponge,Ch i isfing.

Spoon, mal‘aqah.

Spot, stain, buq'a k, Us

;

alien .

Sprained, d“mamlfifl,

Eyes.

maqsa‘

, gf i. ma llawi.

Spread, la: basag, a» madd.

Spring, fountain,'eu

,

yanbt‘

c'.

Spring, jump, Ala3 naggak.

Spring, machine, Led/A») z imbre/c,

Spur (a),ju a mahmc'

iz .

Spur (to) ? hamaz .

SPY»wr ite 95113173 .

Squadron (military), $95“3.19) , l

oriat sawdri.

Square, place, siilzah .

Stable, Jaka l istabl.

Stack, zeta badd'ah .

Stafl'

(military), vlgl arkdn

barb.

VOCABULABY : ENGLISH-ARABIC 183

Staircase, E) : damg.

Stall,“As buffs.

Stamp (postage, iii»: dam

Stamp (to),ELgaba', Ja

g;naqafi.

Stand still, J}

;magajlStand (to),El

;

qcim.

St 1. r) ? Raj/vim),

Starch (to), L}:nasjsja .

State, condition, J l> [nil (pl . J lf l

State , government, Sufi

Station, railway, mafiagah .

Statue, J ltd timsal.

Stature, b k ge’

rmak, 3 qadd .

Stay, remain, éfiinakay,

Steady, sc'

ikin, o i l? sd

i

bz'

t.

Steal, U) “saraq.

Steam,Jig“. bukhdr.

Steamer, ) ls'

9 6. markz'

b bu

Steel, a

l

l) ; bdldd , gulb.

Step, fiagwah .

Stern, grim, Us

} ;'ab

Stick,stafi

'

,Les b ed .

sen (nevertheless), a s [KC‘ma

‘[cu ll zdlik.

Still, qu iet, g ala fiddi, d b .

Still (till now), uTYl J l ila akin,

LTJ lissc'

t .

Still (yet again), C531az'

dan.

Stir (oneself), can

}; talzar'ralc.

Stir (something), e]; barrow.

Stii rup, g igrakab.

Stirrup-leather,

mfg/lam b.

Stockade, dr i

ft. steerdmbfil.

Stocking, gal) ? gurc’

ib.

Stomach,3.5.x » ma

‘

z’

dak.

Stomach-ache,Su it

6 ) waga

cl-ma‘idah .

Stone,1? Izagar aligc

'

ir) .

Stoop , UL) wa lla

Stop,cease

, as}tarak.

St0p,stand still

,u se

)waqaf.

Store, granary, as) ; sfimza k.

S tore,magaz ine, ujs

‘makh zan .

Storm,

m m,a ”) z éba

‘ah .

184 PRACrICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, RAM 11

0 , -0

Story,213 qissah , iin bikdyah .

Stove,2. x“milzmah , u) ; fum e

Straight, {a} ? qawim,

mustaqim, g} ; dugé'ri .

Straighten , 31;laddil

, E}; gawwam.

Strange, a stranger, HQ} gjiarib

Strangle, 5132‘s ifilgtanaq.

Strap, un

its sér.

Straw, U

s tibn, U

s; gagé.

Stream, gj s

‘migrd , Jar“masil,

sfiq r’

yah (pl. sawd

qi), icj tir'ah .

Street, s rah

, 82k“. gleam

Strength , shiddah , 153 quwah .

Strengthen,gimdd, (55gawwa .

Strengthening (confirmation),

mm tashd id.

Stretch, Li madd.

Stretcher,

naq lah .

Strike, C); Fin]latam.

String, h a. khet fatlah.

Strip off,33; garmd, g};

‘

arm .

Strong, (fig); qow

'

i,

shadid.

Student,rll h mu ta

‘allz

’

m, SANA;

talmid.

Study (a), u zfimelctab.

Study (to), U s

): dams.

Stupid,AA ) balid

, dua l ahmaq,

hm;

‘abit.

Style,

tafirir, LAM insha,

1ariqa7z.

Subaltern, (9L mu ld z z

’

m

Subdue,C

eilaljfid a' g_alab.

Subject,vassal

,m'iyg/ah

(pl. Us)

Submit, é

;

Subsequent, following, LAB tdl‘

i .

Substance,ESL»mdddah .

Subtle,fine

,raqiq .

Succeed,attain nagah.

Succeed to something, ti l;

g ala]; V ic‘aqab.

Success, Cl}? nagc

’

zh.

Succession,

khz’

ififah .

Succession (in), J if lh bi’

t-tawc’

ilfi .

Suck, u“mass.

Suckle, éf

'

jradi'

Sudden, a la

sfaga t.

Suddenly,ax i abagétatan,

aliéuh:

ala glgaflah , its ’ faga’

atan.

Suffer,endure

,ml ahtamal,

au eabad.

Suffer,feel pain

,tawagga ,

rJU taallam.


Sword, séf (pl. Symptom, Ul s l a

'rc

‘

id, h i s

a a n o o n I f

Sympathise, cs’s tawagga

'

uju Syria

, rL‘Lll

JJ,barr esj-géam.

ta'agmr. Syringe, l utqnah .

Table, ugh mdidah, sufiah,

Table-cloth,

Uni: glzagd es

Table-napkin ,319 3figah

Table-spoon, u f ma'laqat

Tail,H» ; danab(pl. calmadndb),

4 33 dél (pl. J ts! adydl).

Take, El ialchacl . miri.

Take a walk, tafassali .

Take care, u z'

lztaras.

Take down , JJ J: naz z z

'

l. mu'allz

'

m, “vi"

Take 03, qala‘

.

Take out, l . .nc'

il.

Talk,dbl ; talzaddas,Fl

u

f f

allam.

Talker (a), JAB qdil, rm; ma

talcallim.

Tall, Jgjle gawil.

Tallow,

rs“shahim.

Ll‘ame, U s,“alif.Tan (to), dabaglg.

Tank, a”

sahr'

ig.

Tape, lag-1

3

. shaf t};

Tar, UWqatrc’

in, u ) zift .

Target, Ute sm

'

fldn .

Taste (a), dr’

ig, ratio

Taste (to), dc'

iq or q .

Tax , firdah , JL»

Tea, (5L: shdi.

Teach,I.le

‘a llam.

Teacher,khogah .

Teapot, g t?» (59 A abriq sl afiz’

.

Tear (a), dam‘ah.

Tear (to), v3; Ichaz zaq,

maz zaq.

Tease, 565iaglgdg.

VOCABULAR’

Y ENGLISH-ABABIC

Tell, é W ,khabbar

,

J“961.Temper, C

Lmb‘, gabi'ah.

Tender,soft

, up123/in.

Tent, [glié'mah

Tent-peg, 4 3) watad .

Terrible, J)“muhfll.Terrify, 7c_hawwaf.

Terror, J) Ital,

ra'bah.

Tex t (of a book), mam,

That (dem. ells zak (fem.

The, J l cl.

Then, I3 gamma , walls as:'and

z c'

ilik, el ls Sl iz zak, uSl iz an,

fa’

iz an.

There, who k’

emik.

There is, L3f i , x v; yfigad.

Thick, U3“; tali zin, lags gfia lig.

Thief, L552. safl c

'

zq, U'Ll lies,

8&rz'

q, DJ)“llardmi .

Thin, fine, £523) raq’iq, cg)

mf i'.

Thin, lean, g ig m lfif .

18 7

Th ing, L5“8115.

Things, laé l ash/d , w hat; lzc'

igc‘

it,

Ticket, 553 tazkarak.

Tiger, J . ) nimr.

Till (to), ga fallalz, u ) ; (lame .

Till,until,

gig . hatta , Ul Ls

ll

ila an.

Timber,“i

: fiagéab.

Th

Thirst (a), union

Thirst (to), uEt;‘

agii z.

Thirsty, uLz lac Titi an.

This, line haz a (fem. sin

Thought,1 6filer.

Thread, in? fillet, J) ; gjaz l.

Threat, an t

: takd‘

ed .

Threaten, 3 4 1

3 tahaddad .

Thresh, Us

); dams

, 6 ° dag.

Throat, Zzalquj)‘zofr.

Throne, Us)

;‘

arsl zu af

sarir.

Throw,Ole lamb,

£52;rama.

Thumb, pletlibhdm.

Thunder, 33; ra'ad .

188

Time, uh) z amdn, c its) wagt.

Times (at all), {.Lfil mada’

l

tag/yam.

Tin, f ame ? gasdir, saf i lz.

Tinman,

sankar’i .

Tire (of wheel) , cue gabc'

m.

T ired, uLx

‘

i ta'bc

'

in.

Title, V i i laqab.

Toast (to), £5; si zawa, ULL;

bammase

Tobacco,Uta .) dukhan

,as tabaglg.

Tod ay, ‘”A

ll d e

g/5m, lAJltl en

nahd'r da .

rah bahim.

Together, La .» ma'an

,sawa

U5”

CZ" ma

c

ba'd .

Tomato, tamdtz’

s,i f

qfigah.

Toe,

Tomb,I? gab

'r.

To-morrow,laéglzacldj sbukrah .

Tongs, sh ot» mc'

ishik.

Tongue (language) , ia‘

rl layjah .

Tongue (organ) , ULJ liscin .

Too,ialgq bi

'

z -z iadah.

Tooth, ii)“sinn (pl . uku l asnan)

U s); dire (pl. us l

fsl adfrds).

Top, Lgal a

'la

,£23 qimmah ,

darwah .


Topsy-turvy,MA~ malat ag.

Torch,

mish’

al (pl. J s liu

mari td'il).

rasam.

Touch,

Zamas, 0“mass,

gass.

Touch-stone, QT“mallalck.

Towards, J s’nabw,

UJJQJ li

garaf , ) s°

li-nalzw.

Towel,i la);ffigah, W

's“maZzzam,

baghlcir.

Tower, 6 1

1‘burg (pl . burflg) .

Town,

med’inah (pl .

mud zm).

Trace (to),Trade

,commerce

, Jr“ma tgar,

5k; tz

'

gdrak, Cb

Trade, profession, birfah .

Tradition,Eel) ,

rz'

wdyah, c u ,

»

ba its,

taqlld.

Trail (military) , duman.

Train, railway, w el l 1K.”flgat

fr es-si/ckat cl-Izadid.

Transfer (to), azagal.

Translate, targam.

Translation,30 37

3 targimak.

Translator, Ute /3

turguma'

n,

190

Turn over, reverse , a qalab, I

Turn something, J lal addr, ”3

Turn towards, agraq.

Turnip,w lift;

Ugly, Ut

a)wilwl z, qabilz.

Umbrella, w shamsiyyah,

aha. mag ullah .

Unable,file‘

a'

giz .

Uncertain , a}: ”a glzér ma

Ziaqqaq,ml» Fa gitErma

't .

Uncle (paternal), F;'amm (pl.

‘amfim

,rt.s:l a'mdm).

Uncle (maternal), J l‘

a. M (pl.

Under, un i taltt.

Understand,[243 fahim.

Undertake,Li“{I};

'az am

'a la ,

é};

.

sfiam'.

Undertaking,(7

0

9'azm

,

‘

azimah.

Undress (military), LffinM l

el-Zz’

bs el-ya’

mi .

Undress (to) , a;naz za

', é);

c o o

qala'.

PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR,PART 11

Tusk, Lyli nab (pl. galé l

Twice , repeatedly, 093“

Twilight, Gas. shafaq.

Tyrant, ‘Jlls gdlz

'

m.

Unfaithful, all" Med ia .

Uniform, badlah task

Union, algaittz

’

bdd

Unite , waeal, AS S), ittafiad.

Unjust,jib? gd’

ir.

Unknown, Jflx‘maghal.

Unless, Tl) wa illa , YJ J lau la ,

V]L M lam.

Unlocked, (bear s glgérmaqfdl.

Unpleasant, angel’

s: gfiér Iag‘

zf ,

(551

°

J‘s glgér murdi.

Until, J l ila», Lg; Zzatta .

Unwise, J e ts . gdhil.

Unworthyu gi ? f“; gfi

'

ér gadir,

35 W ); gjzér mustaln

’

qq.

Up, upwards,

upon, f

'

oq,

J ;‘

ala .

Upper, J‘l a'la.


Upright , Fi x .“mustaqim, Mel

)

Uprightly (act), istaqdm.

Uprightness, Labia l istiqamah .

Urgent , P“muhimm,W

Use, advantage, ca} nafa

’

, ML;

Use, be accustomed,L4: ta

Use, custom, isle‘ddak.

Vaccinate,File ga“am.

Vain, J leb, batik} , muglglarr.

Vainly, Bligh bagilan .

Valise,“Db“134»J ? g

arabandi

Valuable, w as nafis

, W A

Value, gimah

Value, priz e (to), 1 4 4 .

i’

tabar.

Value,rate (to), E; qawwam,

Use, ex perience , J la i-a l iati'

mé l .

Use , make use of, J ; taparraf .

Use, possession, QJ-a; tasarruf.

Use, practise (to), {std

Useless, Cit/3; glg

ér ndfl'.

Utensils, c abal adawdt.

Utmost (the), G a l agga, Ju li:

M yat.

Utterly, wholly, Rifle bi’

l-Icul

hyah.

Vanity, j

: glmrzzr.

Vanity, conceit,fl takabbar.

Vapour,jlé ’. géaz .

Variable, varied, mu ta

gé'

éyir, mukhtahf.

mutanawwz

Vault, arch , y]; gabd .

Veal, Jsf r

; Ialzm'z'

gl.

Vedette, Ga

llic gala'

i'

, Utes»;

dideban sawdfi.

Vegetables, khudar.

Velocity, sur'ah .

192

Velvet,w qat‘

t’

fah.

Venture,dare

, g t; tag/dear,

Venture,haz ard,jle ls [clzdgin

Verdict,J) ? qardr.

Verify, Zzaqqaq, é ; rdga

'.

Very,ll ? giddan ,

Icefir, g ) ;

Vessel, u se markz’

b,ls,wa

'c‘

i.

Veterinary-surgeon, (“st fig

Zzakim bigar’i .

Vex , a.“sadda

‘

.

Vex ation ,flag“ takdir,

tasdi'.

Vice-regent, sub fialifah .

Vice, smith’

s, u ltimo saddan,is) »

Victorious, v .13: gfid lib.

Victory,J l lo gafru a s nasr.

Vigilant , M mun tabz’

h.

Village,It:J ? qaryaMpl. gara)

Vine,rf l

‘iarm (pl. rjf kurfim).

rs)

ragém,{lb

gm ta'addi .


Violent, g i gs

‘

a'nij, Jedi . géa d

'

zd.

Virgin, edmufi

,biler.

Virtue, fadilah (pl. 4 3m

Virtuous, J-é lifadil.

Visible, ) ,

ib.2a mangfir, fella

gc‘

ihz’

r.

Visit (a), BS) myamh , oLifil

zftiqcid , isltc zyddah.

Visit (to),E:zdr, 333 1iflaqad.

Viz ., i. e., G

agya'ni.

Voice, may sot.

Volley, 5 th galq.

Volume (bound with leather),

Alf mugallad.

Volume,dimension ,

re hagm.

Voluntarily, Car lo éau'an ,Blab l

ifitiydrwn .

Voluntary, gJL zs l ilglrtiydri,

Lf‘)rddi

, hf )" gawa

'i.

Voucher, mustanad .

Vow nadar.

Voyage , safar cl—ba lir.

Vulgar, L3.) dani, Flt.'c'

imm.

Vulgar (the), Kilni

c'

immak.

Vulturevé nisr (pl. r s nusfir).


Wave, E’s maug (pl.

El)“um Welcome ! LP} ; marhaba , bLe l

Wax, c

t“; gimm

e

.

Way, as!»W ig (Pl o“

) tum ) ,

sabil (pl. subul) ,

Weakness, u se (Ia'af,1s“‘

agaz .

Wealth , 3L.mc’

il,SJ)? tam ah, 6

1:

gbana .

i

Wealthy, L5

12: gbani .

Wear (clothing), J u l labia.

Weary (become), “a s ta'ibuif"

(Iagir.

Weary, tired, u l¢x §ta'bdn

, newmat

'db.

l l'

eary (to), ta'ab

,

at’

ab.

Wearying, mut'z’

b.

Weather, u“file lags, l)“hawa .

Weave, nasag.

Wedge , tib i a l asfin (pl.“élw l

asaf i'a ).

Week, gum‘

ah .

baka .

Weigh, u) , wazan.

Weight, wazn, 3 53 {ugh

Weighty, gaqil.

Weep,

enama.

Whether,l"am, )

l ow.

While (space of time), up

While, whilst , L219 bé

’

mnc’

i, l.) to

Welcome,pleasing, maqbfil .

Welcome (to), 3, Al l; rabbab b’

.

Well (a) ,f bir, gubb.

Well, good, w ill: gieyz'

b.

Well, yes, rm na'am.

West, n a magb

'rib,Lg} glgarb.

Wet,

mablzzl, V ie)ragib.

What,ts ma.

What ? J Kkéf , gt e.

Wheat,

f; qamk.

Wheel, 3.1.x ” 'agalah , all: tam/l ,

gay) : dalab.

When, Si iz , lSl iz a , ll lamma ,

mata, bin .

Whenever,Where

, gag: 1163 .

Where ?L‘fl‘En , ua

’ f en.

Wherever, L 31 9 . hétuma,


Wh irlwind,

z bba'ak

,a i ls

Wh isker,

871677 20

6 (pl.

Whistle (to) ,J im safar.

White , Uafi l abyagl (fem.

Wh ither, ca p

-

J l ila hés .

Who, g i ll z'

lla zi, G

i llutil

Whole, entirely, gumlak,

Whole, perfect, Juk i Tflile

Wholesome, g t: £ 3d

Why ? lSll Zz’

md z a,

lé.

Wicked, fir

st: sha rir,

li zabig‘.

W'

ide, Co l)was:

u‘l’yc

‘

aficj'.

Widow, ila) ar malah .

Widower, JR) armal

, 9 9l Yacib.

Width , was'ah

, U s); Yaw].

Wild, savage, use.)wabslai.

195

(amamm.

lVith, a; ba , b

.

C:ma

i

.

lVithers, ed)

l3 s rilc.

Within, Ja b ddflgil, l) ; g'

ziwa .

Wildernessu

u

s,barr

,l}x

9salami .

Wilful,

‘

anfd.

Will,intention

, Ee l) z’

rd cla h.

Will, testament, waeiyyah .

Will (to) , Sgiarad .

Willing ,(S

o l)rdqli , Ag}

. murid.

Win, (gignza lab, J am e.

Wind,(I)fill (pl . C

b)ma ll).

lVindow, calls; shibbc

’

zlc (FLGAQ‘LJ;

shabc'

zbik) a ll : gdgah .

Wine, AAA nabid or nabit

th at

. ganah (pl.

agm’

lzah).

lVinter,lzz. shita .

Wipe,

masalz .

lVire, ell.» silk.

lVisdom , Lg . iii/(malt .

W'

ise,(” Q bakim (pl .

bukama), 33h: Vigil.

Wish (a), e lf murad ,frag];

ba7z,

lamanna .

a - f o ,

lVish (to), al) l ma d, alj rad,

196

Without,ex clusive of, 3b bildu sb

,

bi-glgér, UP U“min d im.

Without,outside, l}: barra, LJ lL

Witness, M U. slw

'

zhid (pl . af t—2

.

Witness (to), gimbad.

Woe , Je) wél.

Woeful,ran mugla

'

m.

lVolf, ( lib (pl. L9 8 3 dig/ab)

Woman,“if l imrah .

Womankind,LA B flied , u

lr

a s

m'

swc'

m .

Wonder (a) , u s;

‘

agab.

Wonder (to), L123 ; ta'aggab,

LK Listagbrab.

Wonderful, w t -S'c

'agib, Cg

»,

Wood, forest, US

); harsh , ge l}:

glgc'

ib.

Wood,timber

, u lna (lamb, was.

khashab.

Woods

Acacia,thornless

,

Ash , nislmk.

Beech , lb z dn .

Box , U‘j’ bags.

Cypress, 8am.

Iabbakh .


z dnah .

Tulip, Gt“sag.

Walnut ,j3 .

Willow, sufidf .

'

Woodman, a s; W eb, a ux .

Fir poles, 4 x l z e lE)‘

arg istc'

zmbzilif

Lance,for clubs

,(9

3

gleam.

Mahogany, M W mafia

gbanah .

Mimosa, sant.

Mulberry, up) ; tilt:Oak, j) garw, 6611112

34.

Pine, white Turkish , 13’or

I4'x 3

” to 6" x l it”

: L533) ;

ba'

nti.

Pine, 1 boards, u ljz l lati

Pine, boards, p ads".

tanl,

banduq.

Pine, 73

”boards, warag,

an 3fi shikl bilc‘

iduh .

Pine, 2 71

2

”or scantlings,

by

. mar'

inab.

Pitch pine,M LMZah.

Poplar, P lair.

Sycamore, gimméz .

Tamarisk, JSl atl.


Ready (load), J : J) : CL sz

'

ld i}

Pl esent, um

'

m'

sbdn .

Fire,wl'

dtz‘

sh .

From the left ex tend,

mudsoldan ashz'

lén .

On the centre close,

wasatah yaklaskén .

Dismiss, dastdr.

Work, J. c'amal (pl . Ju ld

'mdl),

Work (to), 35 3 isletagbal,

‘amal.

Workman,elm edm J e lc

'dmil

,

Workshop , maball ez

‘amal

, as

) ,wargbah .

World,L3.) dung/a ,

(ll:

'd lam.

Worm, as) :dddah .

Worn out (as clothes), V al.)

ddy/eb, thi s mugatfa , gif t

-0

mubtarz.

Worship (place of) , A,“ma'bad.

Worship (religious), saLc'ibddah

,

Worship (to),'abad, $35

sagad.

Worth,merit

, 3A

fadl, duel

z'

stiltgdg.

Worth,price

, gimak.

Worthless, sJ L eaf Y Zd ga’

mat

lob.

Worthy, deserving, 6 5

2“mus

taln'

gg, “A.

” mustaugz’

b,

mustdhil.

lVould that ! M la.

Wound (a), Cf ? gurlz (pl. C31“?

gurdb).

Wound (to), Cf?“ga wk.

lVounded (to be), Cfié l, ingara(1.

Wrap, kJ J Iaj

'.

Wrapped g if lnmalfdf

Wretched,eljla a sa‘ldlc,

oi"dam,

OX “maskin , LS6.2. sliag

‘

i .

W1ite, J katab.

Writer, J K/cc

'

itib.

Writing (a), sets Icitdbab, LA

Iebutt.

Wrong, injury, rile gu lm.

Wrong, not right, de l i géalag,

ullalé gjalldn.

Wrong, sin, link lcbatd .

Wrong (to), {l ie gamma: 5a” ,


Yard (a measure), this dird

'.

Yard,of ship

,Zgjli gdryak.

Year, sanah (pl. m1.» sa'

nin,

sanawdt), t.lc

'dm (pl. " o f

rbc l

Yeast, fiamirah.

Yellow, fu ll asfar (fem. l

)“

Yes,

V” na

'am, val az

'

wah .

Yesterday, W l ams

,EavlJ l el

Z ealous,”f; gbéydr.

nasim.

Z eroufio eff!

Yet, however, L'e

'l ammd

ld/cin, Yl) wa

-illa .

Yet,still

,lZ'J lissa , q J l ila

eZ-dn not yet,Lil lissd .

Yi eld,produce, a

l

l aglcall,awl

Yield,surrender, sallam.

Yoke (ox ) ,1 9 Mr,t-J l

.

) ndf.

Young, un fata , j) ? gard .

Youth, 4313. sjgdbb (pl. gab; i ta

bdb), ad s . gada

'.

Youthfulness,

shabdbiyah .

Z inc,Lg; tdtya, 0 3AJ

"

Z odiac, EU,” a ls o mangagat 61

Z one, Si lage mantagah (pl . vials»

VOCABULARY

A R A B I C — E N G L I S H

NOTE — In general words are to be looked for in thisVocabularyunder their proper triliteral roots. For instance,will be found under the root cooked

,etc. etc.

vowels in parentheses (a), (i) r each verbal triliteral root,

indicate the vowel-sound of the second radical of the third personsingular of the aorist (vide Art. 1 2 6 , Part I of Grammar). The

Roman numerals in parentheses (II), (III), etc .,indicate the form

to which a verb belongs according to the table given in Art . 1 58 ofPart I.

1

(interrogative particle) What 7whether 2

h f 0 "

v i forfii (pl. w lfii) a father.

Al l (i) he was eternal.

til beginning, commencement.

ragl‘

never ; at all.

531 a needle .3 0

bl 0a water Jug(jg-l a cause, reason ; (914: J et}

(pl. tu g) a son. on that account .

dl (a) he came ; there passed.

wil l! and fem.

96 31two, from

be doubled.

5LT(u and i) he remunerated.

jéiremuneration, wages, hire .

23 rent, wages, pay.

I

J ? ‘(u and i) be appointed,fix eda term.

0 0 1


Lla m l, m’

de g; a barbarian,

more especially a Persian .

Jf l (u ) he ate ,imp. CK; JSL

eating.

5;lwhatever is eaten, food.

J l the definite article the.

JIrace, family, people, possessor of.

Yla neg. inter. particle, contrae

tion of 5L; as, é

: Yl

don’t you hear ?

YIfor Y2l that not.Y\‘for Y . l if not

,unless, ex cept.

g lfil (pl. k93:3“) he who, himwho.

ii i(pl. of LLLJ) tongues, lan

j

guages

q (a) he frequented, resided” 0 0

in ; UJJLM

ale)” the land

we live in.

c o l 3 9

w ill (pl. cJ /Jl) a thousand.

fill (a) he was in pain.

painful, g11evous

151(pl. Afill) a god, a divinity.

iii the God, the true God ;

JCS2isiGod the MostHigh .

(All (in prayer) O God ! provided that.

L}, (prep ) to, towards, up to.

ll a mother.

’ oo O ,

but, yet ; a»,H but after ;

used in letter-writing for

.

flt"

‘these things being pre

mised.

’

ELeither, or.

EC).a chief,Muhammadan priest ;a sovereign, leaderinprayer.

li bel the office of chief priest.

53 (u ) be ordered, commanded ;(VI) 1

:3iplottedagainst;be submitted,

obeyed.

t o ,0

fe l

l

an affai r, busmess, order.

”I(pl. i i !) a commander,p1ince ; l lfl l com

mande1 of the faithful.

Du el 01Lil a man.

“I“I“,a woman.

c g !

w l the day before ; W YLQ

yesterday.

he confided,trusted.

étl (a) he was secure, safe ;

(IV) 0A he made safe or

certain , he believed ; of};

a t1ue believer3 a !

ub l safety, safeguard.

c c a l ~° f

1(pl. uh?) time ; o Y\ now,at

VOCABULARY

gt that, to the end that.if.

. g

u‘and because .

and 31indeed , truly, he is,it is.

fil l, but ;Lil ( 136pers. pron .) I.

it is only this.

natal (2ndpers.pron . mass.) thou

(from V” )revenge.

J a

i

l the human race,mankind.

UL. ” a human being ,man (pl .

JAN generally contractedinto

LJAE).

the nose .

J ul (u and i) he married.

33 people a person ; master,lord ; J irdi32l1160ple of thehouse, domestics.

(insep.prep.) in, to ; by, with .

(a) he dug a well.0 0

a cold.

8” for C.

” (1) he sold, bought,

ARABIC-ENGLISH 203

8 0 a

J ) ; or 5T(u ) he returned ; it

ended.

Jfifirst, the beginning.

iffirstly .

conj. or, either, whether.

23that is to say.

3 I

g l whosoever,whichsoever; any;who 1 which i

o r I

{Q1wh 1ch of you ?

(of; likewise, also ; the same.c a ,

Jet (pl. J im) a stag, chamois.

LG) faith , religion.

Where ? whither ?

whence

gal (interj) 0 ! hear t listen !

5531s pala

Uzi: valour, violence, harm.

cl”? (pl. investigation,proof, dispute.

Js’. (pl J) ; andsté ) the sea.

jé ’. (a) it ex haled.

JLéJ . ex halation, fume, steam,

204 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART 110 0 !

(pl. iii

) avaricious ;

a miser.

35(u) he separated, disjoined.

separation, avoidance ;

there is no escape , it must

be .

II: (a) he began, commence d

(II)Till he produced, crea

ted ; (VIII) be com

menced, began.

I

133 orgy), beginning, origin .

J13, (u ) be hastened, anticipated.

35C; haste, precipitation.

33;(a) and (III) 33; he changed,ex changed.

333 and substitution,

ex change.

3333change of clothes, suit .

0 33:(pl. the body,trunk.

j)

.dryland

, earth ; Syria.

by),the country

,open plain .

a) ; (u) it was cold.

53 the cold ; a file .

511. (u) it glittered, shone.

(pl. 353

) lightning.

he stoodfirm; he kneeled

bent the knee ; (IV) 6513, heblessed ; cl}: blest, pros

( pl. adj e) pool, pond.

enough .

a.garden, pleasure-ground.

Eh: a gardener, florist.

lag. (n) he ex panded, stretched

out, it was wide ;pleased

,happy.

(i) and (V) r“he smiled.

(a) he saw,beheld.

the eyesight, eye .

a se‘er, one possessed of

sight.

gee; perception, penetration.

32; (u) it was abortive, void ;

(111) he abolished,

caused to cease.

useless, inactive, laz y.

J): (u ) it was h id, it lay con

cealed.

513 (pl. the belly,

interior.

as (a) he sent.

335. (u ) be was remote

, distant ;

(V) 153 °

and (VI) hewenttoadistance,withdrew.

206 PRACTICAL ARABIC

UR. for U; (i) it was white .

(the hen, etc.) laid eggs.

Uh; whitenessval (pl.

u$1.9 ) white .

8 1 0 !

an egg.

at) for

G: (i) he sold.

Cf"act of selling ;E932) pur

chasing.

U (u and i) it appeared ; it was

clear and distinct ; (II)

6 (a)and (VIII)C

1the followed.

a follower, sectary.

straw,hay, fodder.

5; (u) he traded, trafficked.

55 6 ( pl ); andzt‘

é ) a mer

chant,trader.

if}? commerce, traffic, mer

chandise .

f f style in writing or speech .

(prep ) under, beneath .

al l ? (pl. £ 925) bench ,

throne,

saddle, bed ; £ 5111

the capital, chief city.

GRAMMAR , PART II

ubl’

he revealed,manifested

(III) W he elucidated, ex

plained, related ; (V) i t:

it was evident,it appeared.

W between, among, in themidst of.

'oo’

0 0’

hfl‘and lu ne : whilst.

00 o

L.) ex planation, relation.

a “,O 0 0

3L3A : anything convmcmg, de0 t 4, o

monstration; manifest,

jg y order,arrangement,govern

ment,politics.

Lg): (a) it was earthy.

soil,earth

,clay .

L543dust

,soil, earth .

V?)quadril. he translated from

one language into another.

Sill/0

.

3:an interpreter.

a, (u ) he left, abandoned ; he

made or deemed.

Ca: (masc. nine.

Q3, (a) he was fatigued.

a ,0

fatigue, labour, pain.

VOCABULARY ARABIC-ENGLISH0 n o ,

ULg s wean ed, oppressed.

ell; (dem.pron.fem.) that.

t h e; (u ) it wasfirm,it remained,

(pl. a fox .

grievous.

Evil (masc. 5356 ) three .

533a. third.

25

(u) it snowed.

andj.

) (pl ) L:fand

JLZSI)

207

l” (i) itwas complete, concluded.

0 4 4

3 0 0 0

a” ; a smgle fru it.

ll?for$3 13 (masc. eight.

C)"price.

u“second; zfii‘lthemidst, themiddle ; US

ER, (fem.

uiz'

ift)

; L§for Lg)

; (11) he turned,

madness a fool .

(pl.Logs ):and clothes ;

a coat, garment.

te l): reward (in a future state) .

jis‘

for”

J (u ) it was stirred up

(dust, tumult,

208 PRACPICAI. ARABIC GRAMMAR, PARr II

é; (pl. LC» ) a well, pit, Cistern.

(u and i) he formed, created.

(pl . 3C») a mountain.

3; (i) he was great, powerful ;

he strove; itwas new; (III)

a) ; he made new, reno

vated .

3.3.x; new.

(In. violently, ex ceeding.

2. (to) he drew, dragged .

é; (a) he wounded, tore up.

a}; surgeon. H ,

55; a bundle (of hay, grass,

(i) it flowed, came to pass,occurred.

(pl. (a? ) a girl, femaleslave.

if»; a boot.

an island.

Ki; (pl. Still) the body.‘i e:causeway, embankment. J O ?

0 o 0 o 0

q '

. (pl. rlu rl) the body. l . beauty, comeliness.

da t e. (a) he placed, made, ap

pointed, commenced.

unis . (pl. 563) an eyelid.

J; (i) he was great.

39; (pl. filial) great, illustrions.

AL. (pl. the skin,hide.

(i) he sat down (on the

ground in the Oriental

mah ner); LL); (pl.an assembly, session

5911 an assembly,accession

to the throne,reign.

Co . he collected

,united ; (IV)

Ea t; hehad connex ionwith;

(VIII) they assem

bled,agreed.

C“: a number, multitude.

collected, the whole.

I“; together, altogether,

entirely.

L; a body, band.

a camel.


narrated a tale,

tradition.

J; (i) it was hot ; it glowed.

(pljv’

é) heat, fervour.

(u) he waged war.

L5; (pl. C954 ) war.

i s} (u ) he ploughed, cultivated.

tillage, agriculture .

Sal/13: a plough , coulter.

U2) ; (a) he was covetous.

J o}? greediness, avarice .

J ay; greedy, covetous.

Q) ; (71) it was in motion ; it

shook; (III)Q}; hemoved ;is; motion .

64 ; (i) it was forbidden, un

lawful.

F} that which the law for

bids sacred,inter

dicted ; first month in the

calendar.

(a) he sorrowed, mourned.

d; (i) he reckoned, was of

opinion , accounted.

(i and u ) he envied.

0 4 a 0

M L» andEr a . enVIous.

(u ) he was good, handsome ;

(II) he did good, was

liberal (X ) he

approved.

an ; beauty, splendoui

J ; (n) he cut the grass.

forage, fodder, hay,

straw.

LL; a horse .

(a) it happened, arrIved.

(u ) bewaspresent, appeared ;

he produced.

its; presence, majesty.

5.9K; present , on the spot,ready .

lag . and (II) (u) be placed,

set or laid down.

fuel, firewood.

J13; be dug.

jail; he protected, guarded.

(i) it was right and proper ;

(V) £54 15 3 itwas proved true.

verification .

55; (pl. truth God.

(u ) be ex ercised dominion

he passed judgment ; he

was learned and wise.

VOCABULARY ARABIC-ENGLISH 211

C 0 o o

an order,a. law.

540

g . science, skill.

Fag (Pl dig ) a sage, philo

sopher; adoctor,physician.

e l l; (a) he swore ; made oath .

St; for}; (u ) it was sweet.

gjfl (pl. é gfi) sweetmeat.

P; (u) he heated (the water) ; heo v

zo

‘became enraged ; (X )

he bathed.

Ell-1 a warm bath.

Eu la . a pigeon, dove.

Jug. an ass.

53 (a) he praised ; 31; praise

11'

s"much praised

,a proper

noun ; praised,praise

worthy.

33; (a) he was silly ;w \a fool .

J: (i) he carried, sent, imputed ;

(a female) was pregnant.

if; a porter,carrier.

ila; (pl. wheat.

It}; (71) and (VIII) hewas

in want of,he needed.

at; (pl. anything ne

cessary necessity, want

0

Eneedy

,indigent .

li t; (pl. Jag ) sense , under

standing (the five senses).

Lit; (pl.Ski awall, enclosure .

J (pl. (Ell) a state, situation,

or posture (of affairs) .

stratagem,deception

, art,

trick ; it'

s: impossible, ah

surd al l; guile, evasion ;Eg g} without evasion

,nu

doubtedly.

L5. forQt ; (a) he lived.

u; alive ; an animal.

111; modesty, shame.

iiL1; life bashfulness.

creature, an animal.

5 ,

ifEve, the mother ofmankind.

l; a serpent ; du .

9C;

xii ; or CA; when,in whatever

place

JLs for

J 13 . (a) and (V)fi s

’ he

was confounded, amaz ed.

time,a pericd.

at the time when.

212

i

t; unbleached calico .

tr "

(it) he was acquainted with ;

and (III) he

informed, acquainted, told.

j g. (pjiiii) news, information.

(i) he baked ;N

; bread.

he sealed ; Fit; a seal, seal

ring.

P321 (to) he served, waited on.

i135. service, duty.

Eel (pl: a servant .

ije (u) he went out be re

-o z

belled ; (II) Cf." he sent

out ; ex pelled.

J); (pl.al

l

/

3

5. ) a lamb.

w e}

; autumn,fall of the leaf.

uj’he stored, boarded.

(pl . l éz ) magaz ine ;

a treasiiry,store-chamber.

hard wood.

hard,trough , strong.

(i) he disputed ; (VI)he engaged in altercation.


(a) and it was

green ;jig (fem.

t

e; )

green.

fish; for};(u) he stepped.

go

b; (pl. CASE ) a step,pace .

J ;

(i) it was of light weight.

light, agile, nimble.

33> (u ) it was spoilt, corrupted

he was intimate with .

31; disorder, defect.

an intimate friend.

JAIL (u ) he was free ; it was

pure and unadulterated.

ni l; he followed,succeeded (to

another) (IV) i t; he

opposed,rebelled against.

gil l; opposition,hostility.

a l l; after,behind.

O f a

ZAA Ls a successor, the Caliph .

8 4‘

Ju l i: successwn,Caliphate.

8 4 o o 0 ohi lls? opposition, rebellion.

8 n o 9

g igs " various,different .

. 4 O J

(masc. Sa m'

s .) five.

fifty.


o . ‘

633 (a) he repelled, paid.

653 (i) he hid, buried.

53 (2) it was slim, slender.

slimness, lightness.

fine,keen .

Sly; (pl. Cpflé) a shop.

J : (a) he led the way, directed .

proof, argument .

(ll; broker ; guide .

r: forjIS (pl.ilk ) blood.

[33 (to) he approached ; it was

low, base .

L333 the world ; the present

world (as being near us) .

33 base, ignoble .has

u ls near, approaching.

c)“(u ) be anointed, greased,

painted.

it}; an inkstand.

ll (demons. pron .) this, sills that.

lsto or lSLIwhy ? wherefore ? he related ,ment ioned.

for what ? jg memory, mention, record.

HA S} (pl. L5 53) a wolf. mindful,of good memory.

313 for” a (u) he encircled, went

round,moved in a circle.

513 a house .

533 a cycle, period.

{AS for (353 (u) he remained, continned, persevered.

til; always, perpetually.

p31: as long as endureth

whilst during.

at; for u; (u) he was base, low.

under, short of,near

,

before.

the price of blood.

Jag (pl. jg) a cock,male bird.

GI; for (i) he was indebted ;be submitted

,obeyed.

religion .

s

lim a di’

nar,ducat

(nine shillings).

55» office, court, tribunal.

VOCABULARY : ARABIC-ENGLISH 215

i331}reminding, admiration.

jfifl mentioned, worthy ofnote .

obligation, conscience .

CK.) (i and u) he followed.

as(pl. the tail.

(pl . a fault

, 1 .

(f l) (a) he was chief ; he go

verned.

30 c 1)

g a l) (pl. Us») the head, source .

g t) (a) he saw,deemed.

{fl},

an Opinion,judgment.

3 I

a master, lord.

(a and u ) be bound, tied.

as; (a) he was fourth ; he tookone quarter ; (III) C

); he

quartered;gszflma3, i forty.

55 (i) he grew up, was educated; passionate.

(III) 554)he brought up,

V AS (a) he went, passed ; (III)

L2:be gilded, ornamented .

gold, money.

5:possessed of; endowed with ;

(fem. C9 6) nature, essence .

(56 for u) ; (u) be tasted.

I); the train,skirt ; ex tremity

of anything tail.

educated ; education ;rearing.

C? ) (a) he returned, repeated.

a}; returning, return.

a; (n) he tied the feet.

325i) the foot .

(pl. a man.

J; (a) he departed , marched.

a journey, departure.

E3501) he pitied, he was com

passionate.C o O d

pity, compassion.

merciful, com


3; (u ) he returned, replied, sent

back

(u ) he bestowed (what was

needful for subsistence) .

$61) good order.

3; he sent intelligence, nu

nounced.

(Li; (pl. ambassador,envoy ; apostle

,messenger,

prophet.

fill)

anything sent (letter

etc .

character,custom ;

sketch , drawmg.

£59) (a) he was pleased, satisfied ;

(II) Lf )‘be satisfied

, con

tented.

é}(a) (cattle, etc .) graz ed.

Gt}; pasture-ground.

flock subjects.

7 (a) he raised, lifted, left off ,

(VIII)é'

sjl it raised itself;height.

a traveller, companion.

(A g(a) he rode,mounted.

one who rides in or on

anything ; (III) “13; hearranged, disposed, placed.

Lgstirrup-iron.

L5.

) (2) and (II) égl he cast,

threw, shot, hit é»;

thrown or fallen down.

a; for C’) (u ) he went, rested

(X ) Che took rest.

( J) (pl.C5)»soul , spirit.

2? (pl. éfij) Wind, air

,

vapour,odour, smell.

Sl)

’

for a” (u) he sought ; (II)

nji he wished, willed, desired.

2351will, mind.

Rome,Greece

,the Turkish

Empire .

J g tthe countiy (opposed to

town) .


(u) he prostrated himself ;

adored ; ESQ (pl.La g ) a

prayer-carpet a place

of worship,mosque.

L715: (u) he imprisoned.

a jail,prison.

i t; (pl. Cats“) a cloud, vapour.

J éz (a) he jeered, ridiculed.

gs) ; and a jester,

silent, tranquil, quiet.

buffoon.

a jest,joke .

L; for}; (u ) he was liberalgenerous ;ESQ: generosity .

95’

s liberal, generous.

j

“? a secret

, mystery.

joy, gladness.

G)" (a ) he saddled.

(pl. C312) a lamp,torch.

é.» quick, prompt.

(i) and (VIII) he stole ,he took by stealth .

jg) ; (pljfl) throne, bed, couch .

gnu . (pl . idol.)flat roof, terrace .(a) it was propitious.

535; (a) he was happy, fortunate.C

happy, prosperous.

price, cost.

table, large table cloth .

M ; (pl. and.)a ship .

g i lt: (pl. a roof,ceiling.

(2) and (II) dil l he irrigated,watered, gave to drink.

255C. (pl. a butler.

eff ; (u ) be was silent.

cg ;sugar.

‘

Ué (u ) h e was fix ed

, settled ;he abode

,dwelt.

a place of residence .

poor, miserable .

ii : (pl. sli p) road , clzaussée.

m (pl. L312) a chain.

lat; (a) he was vehement, bold.

8

021: (pl . Skit .) king, em

peror.

he was sound, safe ; (II)

l.l.. l he submitted, obeyed ;h e became aMuslim

, (III)

he saved, delivered,saluted

, submitted.

FBI; peace, safety.

(ALA

,resignation, submission

the faith of Islam.

VOCABULARY ARABIC-ENGLISH 219

1°

a believer.

still. Solomon .

é : (a) he heard.

all (pl. Exi t) fish .

CL for; (u ) he was high ; (III)9 0 he named.

(pl. heaven .

Fill, (pl.in t) a name.

(pl. a year.

(pl. LL) a plain, level

5L: for}; (i) he went, departed,

(u) it was plain, flat, easy. travelled.

SE. for 33: (u) he was chief ; conduct, mode Of life.

he was black ; (III) 332. he a sword, scimitar.

FE. the left side or quarter.

Gil li orell .“j).

Syria.

Ll}. an affair ; character.

LL}. (i) he was young ; youthful.

i f: a youth,a man of 2 4

to 4 0 .

ti l}: the season of youth .

Cg. (a) he was sated, satiated.

blackened (IX ) he

became black.

I; (pd-SE.) a chief, lord, a

descendant ofMuhammad.

S317(fem. black.

blackness.

REL: a space of 11mg an hour.

3LT. for (u) he drove .

(pl Win s ) the leg.

3 o o o oLit. sxmlh tude, hkeness.

c a a

if ) ? peninsula.

E3 for353. (a) h e wintered.

winter.

3‘

f 0 1

and - l) a tree .

55. hewas brave, valiant .

$5 3 (a) h e personated, ap

peared ; (II)" l be con

veyed .


(pl. Jo léi l) a person,individual.

violence , strength.

intense,veh ement.

J.» or

j“(u and i) he sinned

,he

was wicked.

5. evil,harm.

wicked,vicious.

g ); (a) he drank.

e d)

;

(u ) be was high , noble ;-c x

(II) he looked down

upon.

noble,eminent .

(cl) (the sun) rose.

the place of the sun’

s

rising, the East.

a, (a) and (VIII) he he

came a partner,associate.

y. or (i) and (VIII) (5323;he bough t , purchased .

if: (pl. bank of a river.

fi zz. (u ) he knew,perceived.

knowledge , poetry.

hair.

fi ts. a poet.

A55» barley.

(pl. rays of the sun.

Jazz. he kindled.

333. (a) be employed, engaged.

occupation, business.

(L2 ; busy.GI: he doubted.

j

’fi(u) he thanked.

grateful.

(u) be fastened ; (IV) 3h}:

he resembled.

FE. (a) he smelt,inhaled.

(pl. the sun.

(pl. wax ; a candle.

Jug. th e left quarter, the north .

he witnessed, gave evidence.

SALE. (pl. a witness.

gag: testifying. witnessing.

123. (pl. honey.

desire, lust .

jg; (phi; andjézl) a month .

JG. for}; (u ) he acquired ; (II)

Still he pointed out, advised,counselled, ordered.

advice , suggestion.

deliberation.

C O p

celebrated, famous.


r“: (pl .pill) an idol.Ge t} for (toand a) he called,

‘w d ’

cried out .

at»; (pl . a sound,

vome, 110186 .

for 532 (u ) he cut and di

vided (III) he formed,

fashioned,drew,

pointed.

a}; form,image.

J); drawing, picture.

jail; Officer.

Jag; mist , fog.

E (a) he became tired, weary .

ass (a) he laughed, derided.

33 Opposite, against.

g.)15 (i) he struck

, beat.

Lia for J (i and a ) he prae-o

a kitch en.

tised medicine, was skilful.

w k a doctor, physrc1an.

4“7 0 a

$13 medical art.

j,“a painter.

its for

tea (u ) he cast, founded

inmetal;‘Il; a goldsmith .

c 9Ca,

wool,a fleece .

for (i and a) he hunted

or fished .

3C; huntsman.

Prey. game .

fig summer(i. e .MayandJ une).a

Ch inaIsw a' Ch inese.

J a n; weak, feeble , infirm.

(pl. a plain,farm

,

village.

fit; for J ; (i) he Visited ; hewas a guest.

t o ,0 0

u “; a gu est, Visitor.

h e marked,stamped.

rinting-press.

if )» stamped

,printed.

C 0 4

and Sw a b nature, disposition.

3; (pl. a dmm.

VOCABULARY : ARABIC-ENGLISH 223

$512(pl. est/til) a side, quarter,

district, end.

£53} (pl. iii ) a road,way.

a basin, bowl.

Elfin food, yiitpals.

J ig(pl . J Lnlol) child, infant.

Li lo (u ) h e sought, inquired.

LIL: intention, desire.

m(a and u ) it (the sun or a

star) ascended, appeared,

u

rise.

U,

SJLJ ’ ablution, cleanliness.

(5..t (pl . a peacock.

HELL a people,nation

, tribe .O

gle a flood, deluge.

a , o

a119 he was witty, clever.

313 (a) h e ceased not, persevered ;

dowed.

39 (Pl. 331i?) shade, shadow.

O,

(Lia (i) he was unjust, tyrannical.

56. for (u) and (II) dunhe

was able, endured, could.

SELLpower,ability, strength .

JU. for a}. (u ) it was long ; itcontinu ed.

dbl. long, lengthy.

a}: length , extent.£409 for (i) it was good ;pleasing,

delicious (III)

(4 3. be pleased, deligh ted.

good, sweet, fragrant.

,

’

ii. forfl. (z) heflew ;

it flew far and wide it

dispersed itself abroad.

5; (pljéi ) a bird .

SCI. a whirlpool.

v. 31. a kite .

m darkness.

uh (u) be though t ,was ofopinion.

rel ) (u) and (i) he appeared, wasmanifest.

I glo

o

(pl..l ia) the back.

noon,midday .

J ail» exterior ; clear, conSpi

0110118 .


fi“(a) lie adored, worsh ipped.

(pl . a servant, slave .

gt; adoration ,devotion.

( it) h e passed over, crossed.

and (II) 4 29i and (V)

h r ?” and (VIII) £

3) he

wondered, marvelled it

pleased him.

5; (9he was weak, destitute.

jfic weak

,frail, feeble .

a frail old woman.

(I? (a) h e hastened.

I

34A; hastening, hasty.

i t; hastily.

312 haste, hurry.

If? a term applied to foreigners,

more especially to Persians.

(u) h e numbered,counted

(II) Ker

i he prepared, ar

ranged ; (X ) he got

ready .

332: number.

33253, preparation, readiness,skill , proficiency.

J un (2) he dealt justly, adminis

tered justice ; deviated

( VIII) 3121, it was temperate

,moderate, equal.

J gtc a just man.

as: (i or u ) he dwelt perma

nently (in some place).

an (pl. a mine.

Li e. for 332: (u ) he passed by,

transgressed, erred, was

unjust,inimical.

Lie beside, beyond, save.

j; (pl. 2133 ) an enemy.

gill; enmity, hatred, strife .

L193»; (11) it became sweet or

palatable.

c

i

t}; torture, punishment.

531i: excuse.carriage, coach .

h e was lame from birth .

Us; (u) he met, came against ;

it happened, appeared ; pe

titioned (IV) LED)" he

opposed.

226 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR , PART 11

(a) he lived long ;512. life, L,. e (t) it signify, meant .

it means,i. e.age .

535 (u) he cultivated, built.

iii. a building.

deep,profound.

meaning, moral (of a

J’ s (a) he acted, constructed ;

(X) h e used, em

ployed , practised.

(Lt; (pl. jilé) agent, governor.

l;.e (masc . uiii) blind.

5 off, frond, from off ; about,

concerning, touch ing, of.

Lie grapes.

fig with , near, at, among .

[51's the neck

,throat .

lit; a wood,thicket

, form.

gt; end, extremity; 726plus ultra .

IA; to morrow,in the morning.

i ll i: food, nourishment .

jg}: treachery, ingratitude.

J

‘s

(u ) be deceived, beguiled.

J}; deception.

(a; (to) h e was absent,distant ;

(the sun) set.

tale,

lit; custom,habit, usage.

ELF (u) he swam, floate d.

a fault , defect , vice."

4 : J esus Christ.

ue té for (i) he lived, enjoyed

life .

£ 2: bread ; 3.1. x : and u e lic

living, livelihood .

1 3 for (the water or the

tears) flowed.

0 0 4

a s“(pl . an eye , a fountain ;

(IV)”

OREhe saw clearly.

ga l/é a crow,

raven.

a stranger, alien .

Z); the west, sunset .

u

’

bj

é

ka) he desired, earnestly.L3; hewas immersed, submerged.

I); (i) he spun ; a; spinning.

JV; (Pl. u llJ f) gaz elle, fawn.

l}; for”a (u ) h e attacked, waged

war,invaded.

VCCABULA’

RY : ARABIC-ENGLISH 227

(2) he washed.

Li's (pl .Lil li) a branch , bough .

(a) h e was angry, incensed.

DELI: angry, enraged.

fl;

(i) be covered, forgave ; (X)he asked pardon .

(a) h e was negligent, idle .

careless,stupid.

(i) he overcame, conquered

(VII) L12 1: h e was con

quered.

ga ls)“L5; for the most part.lal

'

é

'

mistake,error.

gig

(i) be shut or locked up.

(a ) he burned with lust, he

desired

Fill

: (pl. n ) a boy, lad,

servant .

(”é (u ) be aflicted

,distressed

(VII) rs ) he was sad.

u an inseparableparlicle,mean

ing th en , therefore ; so that ,

in order that.

St»(femf’

ijfs) a mouse .‘0 ‘

E L; poverty.

a

re grief, sadness.

FE

(pl. sheep.

as? (a) he enjoyed ; was con

“t

tented (II) gzfl he en

riched (X ) éi

l,

he was

contented.

wealthy, rich .

a song, music .

is or is}: a cave, den.

SALEfor w e (i) he was absent .

w e whatever is h idden.

m slandering, backbiting.

if: forfi e (i) h e was jealous

(III) p si

. he changed ; (V)

it was changed.

alteration ; except ;

ferent, other.

jg.) without, besides.

(a (a) he opened, unclosed.

$36 opening, beginning.

a key.

ilifii emptation, strife, sedition.

uni? he sough t carefully, inquired ,


E;

(u ) he poured forth .

Cd (u) be was eloquent .

11 3 (a) 1

19 gloried over ; (VIII) eloquence, clearness.

523 ! he boasted, toOk credit a chapter,division.

to himself.

k l; precious, ex cellent .

uma yoke of oxen.

(i) he fled away.

a; (i) be separated,set free.

Cf; joy, gladness.

é; a chicken,the young of any

thing.

is; a bale.

Us); a horse , a mare .

of

; (to) he spread (a carpet),paved, laid down (flag

stones) ; U3

; 8. bed,couch .

if ; opportunity, leisure , rest.

a; (a) he finished, ceased.

0 CBleisure , freedomfrom care .

£515 (u ) he separated, parted

(IV) he qu itted, left ; o n

(VIII) was sepa

rated.

removal,distance.

(to) it was corrupt, vicious.

a n

3L: depravity, evil, rebellion. r’ and

r’ the mouth .

0 uG7

a dissolute person ; pro 0’ SPQCWS: klnd, art, Skill.

fligate. porcelain cup, coffee cup.

silver,a penny.

325

(u ) it ex ceeded ; (III)he preferred

,exalted ; (V)

h e ex celled, conferred

a favour, obliged.

excellence,superiority.

i523 even, in the least,

a; busy, meddling, oflicious.

(a) he widened.

313(a) he did, acted.

1

'

s (u) he was poor.

poor, needy.

J

G

}; poverty,destitution.

L'

s

—

5 only.

x he thought, remembered.

use such a one, so and so.

a) he ploughed, tilled.

v .15 (pl. Jvlti)money, scale of afish .

230 GRAMMAR, PART 11

St; near, close to.

(i) he decreed, determined ;

(VII) itwas finished.

(5 36 a judge.

Eta? justice.

lag(pl.L153) amale or female cat.

85

(a) he cut,separated.

323cotton.

Ax ? (u) he sat down.

(i and u) he returned from

his journey.

‘

caravan“aJ ; it was small , little, few.

small, little, few.

an ? "

LL; paucity, fewness.

j ;

(pl. the heart, mind.

325 (pl .ESQ) fort, castle .

FE (pl.Fifi) reed pen .

55 corn,wheat .

s .. o f

Jo; (pl. the moon .

Jag:(pl. Jggfi) lamp.

t ig hundredweigh t

IOO ratls 4 4 okes).

£5

(a) he was contented.

E (a ) he vanqu ished, overcame .

39@a conqueror.

getfii victrz'

a: the city of

Cairo .

Us

): a how.

35 fora};

(14) he said, spoke.

J} ( pl g'j) speech, saying .

all: discourse, speech .

(26 for

r): (u ) he stood, arose.

Elli: a place, station.

L ugg l‘erectness, stability .

P521: erect , uprigh t.

53 tribe , multitude.

£9} (a) he was strong, powerful.

is};force , strength.

powe l ful, robust .

Kg price value .

a girl , female

slave, singer, musician.

VOCABULA’

RY : ARABIC-ENGLISH 231

95(particle as ; Lgltsjf neclt lace of precious metal.

é masc. and“El fem. (afix ed Ly

“chair, throne, pediment .

pron. z udpars.) thee, thine ;. x

'

UKas if, like.

Gifa drinking-cup, wine-glass.

be was large, corpulent

he magnified ; (V)

J

'

Lfihe was haugh ty.

haughtiness, pride .

X greatness, pride.

K grandeur.

Ag great , large.

113i) liver, z enith .

UEIQPZ. male lamb, ram.

he wrote .

Ls uol. a. letter,book.

J Go

fl'

) the shoulder.

K w) it was abun‘

dant (II)

Q5 and (Ingg he multiplied

,increased.

g unmerous,many, much .“like that

, so, such .

J 13/

(i) he lied .

was enough .

he was generous.

s,bountifu l.

u ) he placed ; (VIII)he h ired

,rented .

$ 0) he gained, acquired.

he broke in pieces.

éfi idle, lazy.

fis t.

Km) he was an atheist.

jig/impiety,

infidelity.

an infidel.

ufliciency.

3? th e whole, all, every.

31? by no means, not in the least.

i fl. J ig a (log, hound .

EKW) he wounded ; (III) (ifhe spoke to .

Piyspeech , discourse .

ELKa saying, word.

how much ? how many ‘

1


3L? for 33? (u) he was on the

pars. pl. mass.) you, yours. point of

Ka

ss,like as, su ch

ég also, more, the like .

KC“) it was perfect, complete .Jt lf perfect, accomplished,full

, adroit, expert .

Jlf perfection, excellence.

J (an inseparableparticle, generally used in the middle of

a sentence) indeed, truly ;also for J to, for ; as Ll tohim ; £13 to th ee.

J (an inseparable particle) to,for

,towards

,on account

of; (prefixed to the aorist

it gives it the force of an

imperative), as let

him assist.

it no, not, there is not.

2because , since, in order to.

$91proper, fitting.

J ail (a) he put on (a garment)

Ji g (pl. al

l) a garment,dress, clothes.

J J milk, sap of a tree.

0 ,

j“) be swept.

ugh/forw; (u) he was, he became.

WJ S/

pretty,nice, fine .

0 » :l w k“) a purse.u x how ? in what manner ?

rill a bridle

,reins.

(a) he licked with his

tongue.

(pl . Si ) flesh , meat .beard and whiskers.

it was delicious.

Sud delicious, agreeabl

a] (a) it was necessary.

all . ) the tongu e, language.

FL](13) he slapped .

Iii! a blow,slap, box .

u d zl pleasant,pretty, agreeable .

£4 "(a) he played, sported.

J x l perhaps.

53 (a ) he cursed.

language, speech , idiom.


1. (a) he passed by, departed.

8 0 a

once upon a time.

Us). (a) he fell siek ; (v1)

he feigned sickness.

U2: illness, disease.a s I t

if”

; manhness, valour.

a 0 "

re}. (the Virgin) Mary.

cl) : temperament, constitution .

Ci" (a) he jested, sported.

all: (i) he seiz ed, grasped.

L1: for (u ) he came in the

I ,

evening.

2L: the evening.

(i) he walked, went.

313C (pl. cattle .

J

’

iz Egypt .

6; (a and he chewed.

621he passed by, went.

J!” (u ) it rained.

O ;

a; with , together with .

$ 0 4

Jae. goat.v3 0

use . meaning, moral.

G o d :

a cave , cavern.

the city of Mecca.

p (u) he plotted, devised ; de

ceived, cheated.

x (n) he was powerful ; (II)

Lfiiand (III) of: he gavepower, he rendered capable ;

(V) L6 h e was able ; he

possessed authority set

tled,took up his abode.

Jlfi(pl . a place, spot.

oil (a) he filled ; (VIII) sfii

he was filled .

3LIa concourse of people .

Li: full, filled.

religion,faith ; nation, sect .

CL (a) he salted .

salt.

C112 (1) he possessed, had do

minion , reigned.

all; and Ki ll : a kingdom,

dominion ,power.

ell; (pl. cast ) a king.

all: (pl. Kjii) an angel .

si ll: a king, lord, possessor.

Co for from,that, which .

(pronoun of common gender,

singu larandplu ral)hewho,

they who, whosoever.

83 from,from out of, of, for,

than (after the comp. degree).

VOCABULARY : ARABIC~ ENGLISH 235

is; gently, softly , slowly.

l; for E9}: (n) he died.

(pl. handkerchief,

65 (a) he prevented, h indered.

C O ,

5L: (pljjgj) dowry.

J; (a) he did anything slowly.

8 0 4

JQA delay.

J Gfor J ill men, mankind.

gender, dual andplural )we3“ o

u sgl‘

: lessened,wantrng,defect1ve .

two, or we .

a t.Jail

:a gnat , mosquito , midge .

555 a prophet .

o o "

3 produced, grew.

C‘ 0 0

w and

h erbage , grass, vegetable .

0 4

age wine , juice of the grape .

C , . o

w ing: vegetation,

Ls’ a ca enter omer.

Jrp “1

a boon-companion, an

(pl. apti) dead, ex t inct ;dying, moribund.

JL. for J; (n) he was wealthy.

3L: (pl. 393 ) wealth , riches.

JL: for J; (i) h e inclined , h e

leaned ; ( ll ) Jul be caused

to lean, bend, inclinebiased.

is’ forJs’

(a and n) he went to

wards ; he aimed at ;pas

, abou t, to, towards.

(pl. £6 53

) a district,quarter, tract.

(jg , andHo

s;a palm-tree.

(a ) he repented, regretted .

S

F

o f ‘0 a d

A3 and a n; penitence, regret,


Ill’

»calling, invitation.

9533he called

,invited .

xii: (i and u ) he vowed, dedi

cated.

J) ; (i) he descended, alighted.

J»;

descent .

HM S: (u and i) he referred,de

rived,attributed.

C o

origin, race, relationship.

a gentle breez e, z ephyr.

ii iEa) he fo

rgot, neglected.

‘LA and (for the singular

of which {5.1L is used)

women, the female sex .

fa } (u ) h e spread out

,extended

,

scattered,diffused, propa

gated, promulgated, sawed.

gut.

C4 3 (a) admonished, advised.

8 f

monitor,counsellor.

3 f o

0

Cyan sincere

, genuine .

admonition, advice.

In;

(u ) he assisted,aided.

(pl. jai

l) assistant,

helper, defender, ally.

(u ) be halved.

d i ga half, the middle.

Chi (a) he buttedwith his horns.

055(u) he looked, gaz ed, beheld,

observed,regarded.

u h: (u ) be was clean.

um clean, pure.

(4; (a, u ,and i) itwas convenient,

soft , easy, agreeable ; (II)a 0 03

rai l he em~iched, was

bountiful.

(an; excellent ! good ! well done !

213 (a particle of afirmation)

good, well, be it so, yes.

soft, smooth .

affluence, pleasure.

wealth,opulence ; a fa

vour,benefit.

I” a number of persons, a per

son, private soldier.

u-JU (pl . (LET) the soul, spiri t,self.

L5;to himself.

"

if; (a) it was useful, profitable,

serviceable.

éb useful , profitable.

(u ) be paid ready money.

$33 cash , ready money.

USES(a) he painted, printed.

uni s painting, carving.

JSCQ;a painter, sculptor.


i (and s when preceded byIma m,

afiwedpron. 3rdpers.mace.)

him, his, it ; 15 (fem) her,

hers.

I; behold ! here ! well ! she , it.

A; give .

ES); here, in this place.

j ?“(to) he abandoned, deserted,

left ; talked at random.

rs? (i) h e attacked, surprised,

charged, took unawares.

a} andit; a violent rush .

Luz (masc.) and (fem) th is.

9

"

Jra (n) he fled. vanished.

G o d

Weold age , decrepitude (pl .

rbat) ; the Pyramids.

(905 (i) he put to flight, routed.

(Q: In this manner.

3 and, too , also ; (in swearing)by, as gill; by God !

l; (interj) oh l alas !

Jail; steamer, steam-engine .

35 (from a valley, river.

O J

J s (inlerrogatirepartz'

cle)whether

or not ?

all; (i and a) he perished, died ;

(II) amhe killed, de

stroyed.

all}; ruinous, destructive.energy , desire, courage.

Gris here .

all: there (at a distance).

5; (pron. grd pers.) be, it ; {59she

,it.

10 ! behold ! at behold

me

(pron) they, those.

955; (i) he soared, fell from a

h eight.

133 air, atmosphere.

vi es crowd, uproar, thicket .

He ? ) (u s e) it was necessary, it

behoved ; (X) he

deemed necessary ; be de

served,was worth , merited.

ui a l)necessary, proper.

VOCABULARY 3

Carl; necessarily, properly.

according to.

A.) (is?) he found, discovered ,

it was found, ex isted.

found, ex t-ant.0 "

0 )he was in pain ; (II)6

iii he hurt, pained.

ach e,disease .

(pl. Big) the face, aspect ;he turned towards

,

despatched or sent ;he turned to, set his face

towards.

35 hewas alone,separate.

ii};

unity,solitude.

C 53 4

u“) (pl. L5D5) a wild beast.

Lil;muddy.

é?) £333) he placed, depositedleft at liberty

,permitted ;

abandoned, quitted (III)

E); he bade farewell ; (X)

EBB'

QLhe requested (an

oth er) to keep a deposit ;h e committed

,entrusted.

a.) (imper.) leave, let alone

,

permit, grant.

ARABIC-ENGLISH 239

as, adieu, farewell.

9533(gag! ) he paid compensation

for homicide.

£9na valley,river.

‘

53 beh ind, beyond, after ; he

sides.

h e became heir; (II)

£15; he bequeathed ; (III)he made heir to.

U) ’ (Pl. GBJ‘) a leaf.

3;and is}; a goose .

5; (L2) be bore (a burden) ; hesustained (X) he

appointed viz ier.

J ib,

a t un er,minister.

u) , (L3

13) be weighed,

(33;weigh t , measure.

ulj

x g scale,measure , ru le.

p O'

é»; he was dirty.

LL; the middle, centre.

it wasmade spacious,

wide .

é ljor ample , roomy.

J a , (J ig) he joined, united ;

reached, attained, arrived

24 0 PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR, PART 11

at ; (II) he conveyed

(VIII) J A

I

Lhe adjoined

J}; arrival.

L51,3(‘

1593 he joined

,connected

together (11) uz3i and

(III) go)he enjoined

, com

manded,made a will

, be

queathed.

a testator, guardian , exe

cutor, trustee.

0 . a

w) precept, command ; lastwill and testament.

é; he placed, deposited ;

(III) Co

i

l. he was abased.

ca) position, situation.

l o ,

ca). a place.

as; he abode,resided.

at; native land,home.

323(35.3)hepromised, threat enedforetold.

In}; (inf ?) he preached ; (VIII)1331 he was admonished.

L2; a sermon,homily.

lac]; a preacher, monitor.

53; it was full, copious.

abundant, opulent.

635 it was suitable, apt,

convenient ; it succeeded ;(M 3

3

5he directed, assisted ; (IV) J i ljhe assented

,

agreed to ; (VIII) (5331. ithappened

, occurred he

agreed.

$6sconsent , agreement.IBLIZLby chance , accidentally.

the favour of God.

5332agreeable , pleasant.m3

; (pl: de tail) time, season.

uggll u“? immediately.

( ii i (05; now.

Cs) it fell out

,happened

,

he fell upon or attacked

53? he surprised,

attacked.

if )a

.

fall,occurrence.

an event,news, history ,

story.

w) (C l og) he stood

, stopped,halted, was stationary.

standing.

K, (as) and (III) ( 3he established

, confirmed, he was

instant and urgent.


a: the left hand or side.

GE“: that is to say, i. e .

(a) (11) and (V)we he

was certain,he firmly be

lieved,he knew for certain

,

felt assured.

sure, certain, truth ; the

true faith .

C O ,

39. (a) he approached on the

right side .

(pl . Gigi) an oath (as

pledged with right hand) ;

the right hand.

the right hand or side.

the J ews.

J) ; J oseph .

F” (pl. FL

'

EI) a day.

b fl}; the first day, Sunday.

the second day,

Monday ; etc . etc .

gj1

ito-day.

on oneday, once uponaday.

APPENDIX

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN

ARABIC FORMS AND EXPRESSIONS.

I. NOUNS.

nouns,without the article, is un ,

in the written or classicallanguage ; and of proper nouns, u ; but in the vulgar or

modern Arabic there is no termination thus,

it; d ag/yam ,vulg.

n y tf kitdb, a bOOk.

2K. siklcah, a road.

(“if ddam, Adam.

n whi

t‘08mdn , Osman.

(if

W yamu ,


b. With the article, the termination is u,in the written

language, and withou t any in the vulgar tongue thus,

.loLZl-l cl-fiayyc‘

igu , vulg. .lotzi l el-Qayyég, the tailor.

J est el-Icz'

tdbu, est al-Icitc

’

ib, the book.

fau lt el-med‘

inatu , b ald el-medinah, the town.

{O i as-siklcah, the road.

2 . Th e Dual .

With or without the article, termination ULT c

'

im'

,vulg .

uil En .

Inasc.

(Jil l; fiayycigéni, vulg. wLC

'» fiayyc

’

iéén , two tailors.

kitdbc‘

ini,

vh f }; medinatfini, wwdi'

na tén, two towns.

Labia l es-sildcatc

‘

imi, mzf d l as-sikkatén , the two roads.

Vide Part I, Art . 54 of the Grammar.

3 . Th e P lural .

a. The regular or unbroken plurals z— masculine terminationwith or without the article , L3) : 17nd , vulg. we, in ; femininewithout the article

,termination u

f

vl-i c‘

itun ,vulg. a tast ; feminine

with the article, termination dtu , vulg. w l fit.

masc. fiayydgfina , vulg.

Ude ll; khayyéfin , tailors.

Cult ; hammd lfifna , Ugtz> fiammc'

tlin , porters.

Cagifil el—maqtfilvz na , ugjnil l el-fmaqtd lin , the slain.

L5G lzdrdtun , wbla (admit, streets.

«35: ma'r'rdtun Gaga marra'

t, times.

as Jpfiwl es w icLJ l as-sd'dt, the hours.

Vide Part I, Arts. 2 2 and 23 .


gamut, wing,

J ai l; fan'

s,rider

,

‘agd z , old woman,

A};'agibah , wonder,

‘

rii géu ldm, boy,

6“tiig, crown,

0

Lf‘ {la bi a boy)

0 0 d

ballad,town,

0 0

kc learned man,

Ca

s i : gamb, doctor,

Jill ahl, people,

31]m,nigh t ,

fatwa, decree ,

sakrc’

z’

n , drunkard,t

il e. himdr, ass, donkey,'abd , servant ,

all} 5; Zzagar, stone,

Vide Part I, Art. 25.

Quadriliteral B oots .

0 0 0

(a) ;dirhem

,dirhem,

i323gangamh, bridge,

sa il-é'agc

'

iyib.

wick; gldbmdn .

U layc'

di.

c o

rel):

J ELS qanégir.

24 7APPENDIX

Afi mdidn. Sultan, (p hi: mu . saldg

‘

in.

fie gandil, lamp, khaki qam’

zdil.

flJ Lz talmid,scholar,

, I

Vide Part I,Art. 26.

P lurals.

1

ga l ab, father,

abbahé t.

a lga l ummahdt.

cfi“5573, son,

0 o 3 s u »;

a s ! wil d , Sister,

all“, insé n,man

,

z'

mrc'

zt, woman,

” a

nise’

i , m'

a

wan,and cpl

)“{ma-fit.

Vide Part 1, Al t. 30 .

w blz b. or cab-S i)

,bc

‘

islmwdt.

Mn,

cit-bx Lhawiigah , merchant,


fig)“nimsdw'

i, German, plur. a)“

fina l » seldhddr, sword-bearer, Ablb k

Vide Part I,A rt . 28 .

B . GENDER OP Nouns.

For the gender of nouns , vide Grammar, PaIt I, Art. 9 .

C. DE CLENSION or Nouns.

1. In th e W rit ten L anguage .

a . Without the definite article

Feminine.

ganna tun ,a garden.

ii ; gannatin , of, to, or from a garden.

gannatan ,a garden.

Dual .

[chabbdz cim’

. whiz : gannatdm'

.

Masculine.

kbabbd zun, a baker.

fiabba’

z in, of, to, or from a baker.

khabbc'

zzan , a baker.


Feminine.

el-khabbdzé ni. uflf

el—ganna tani.

G. Accus. d -lchabbdz éni.

Regu lar P lural .

LAJ

G. Accus. &J f§ ei-Ichabbc‘

iz ina. (Iii cl

Nom. j\: l erfl-igdlu , the men.311211 en thewomen.

G . D . Abl. Jgji ar-rigali. 5'

t fen-mas.

o fl u d

Accus. J J“ar-rigala .

c. Declensions with a following genitive

Singular (mass. and fem. the same).

umi.l‘

abdu -s-su lgc'

ini, the slave of the Sul tan.

G .D. Ab]. uuu ig;‘abdi-s—szdgdni, of, to, etc. ,

the slave of

Sultan.

Accus. u

o c,

if); ‘abda-s-sulgdni, the slave of the Sultan.

Dual .

O O. J 'O O

UMJ \\A, 9 abdd-s-sulgc'

ini, the two slaves of the Sultan.

G.Accus . wild-Jigzé‘abddyi

-s-sa lgani, of, to, etc.

APPENDIX 251

‘abidi-s-szdgdni, of, to, etc.

i ) oq gkitc

'

ibuhu ,his book. gan

'natukum,your

t /lcitabahu ,his book.

G . Accus. é LX k‘

z’

tdbaflfi, of his, etc. gazmatailcump f, etc .

G. Accus. 3.3L: flabbc'

iz’ihi, of his, etc. P

’

fiji; ganm’

itz'

kum,of, etc.


B roken P lural .

O ~ co

Icutubuhu,hl B books .

fre t“; msd

’

u/cwn,your

women.

G.D. Ab]. J ku tubihi,of his, etc. nisd

’ikum

,of, etc.

Accus. lmtubahu ,his, etc. fit s nisd

’

akum your, etc.

NOTE— G ,

“”h e , and u“are like is; (J , (33, Q, Li, andLf remain

unchanged like PS: All terminations are the same before the wS19of the l et pers. sing ; thus, uqtifmy book, of my book, etc. etc .

6 . Irregular declensions

1. x ,al abun, a father : cl athan, abrother ; a“Mame, littleness,

W'th a following genitive or sufix :

, o ’

”a y \ a

bu"

omaaa,the father of Omar.

G . D . Abl. 52; abi m um , of, to the father, etc .

Accus.

J“: abc'

i'omara , the father, etc.

Nom. isél aba’

hu , his father.

G . D . Abl . w’

i abiki, of his, etc.

Accus. 251

i abé hu ,h is father.

2.

,3 mi , master, possessor, with a following genitive

Nom.

,3 t

’

l-béti,the owner of the house .

G. D .Abl .95; z

'

i’

l-bétz'

, of the owner, etc.

Accus. g t is za’

l-bétz’

,the owner, etc .

3 .

l" famem, mouth (for f) ’ ftYhun) , with a following genitive

or suffix , forms the cases either regularly, as, Nom {5 famu ,Gen .

tfajitt‘mi, Acc .

rifama, orJ ’ fu , f t , Ufa .


wad-l Lgl Zi’

l-Ickabbdz tn,ila

’

t-khabbaz tn,to the

bakers.

Ace . el-Zgjtabbc'

iz in, the bakers.

Voc. wad-l Lé l Ogjla b yc’

t Ichabbc'

iz in,ayyuhd d

-khabbt'

iz in ,

O bakers.

min tel-Zr]; abbc‘

zz in,

‘an cl-Lhabbdz in ,

from the bakers.

Nom.

‘abidoh , his slaves.

Gen. u m: u‘ 8“ li-‘abidok

,min

‘abidoh

,bita

'

‘abidah

,of his slaves.

s.3.x ; di Zi abidoh , ila‘abidoh

,to his slaves.

‘abidoh . his slaves.

yd'abidoh , his slaves.

tax : on u , ,c U

s min‘abidoh

,

‘an

'ab

’

idoh , from h is

slaves.

On the genitive, vide Part I, Lessons X II and X III.

DERIvATIoN OF SUBSTANTIVE S.

l . Nouns of individuality, formed by the addition of 2; thus,

J s’, J s

’nabl

,bee , as a species. naldah, a bee .

rig . hamc

'

tm,pigeon,

c:ll; Itch ; (tamc

’

tmah, a pigeon.

SJ}; a) , ward, rose , is»wardah

,a rose.

2. Names of professions, formed (a) by doubling the secondradical and placing l before the third ; thus,

Sf; i t; lchabbc‘

tz, a baker.

Idiét, thread. LL; loll Qayyc‘

tt, a tailor.

Jigs

‘igr, scent . J

ib: jigs:‘atjfir, a druggist.

jg» bread.

APPENDIX 255

(b) By the addition of g; thus,

uh ” ! bustc'

m, garden. £59153 g

lu e.bustdn

‘

i,a garden.

sword , s.

saddle , 8 .

L5? )surfigi, saddler.

(o) By using the Turkish termination L5“? gt thus,

of‘ambah

,carriage. L5

39)

: coachman.

” if . gawabir, jewels.

3:Names Cf nat iogalities, generally indicated by g; thus,

4 . Diminutives. The first radical is pronounced with the

second with .3; thus,

4 Kkalb, dog.

ads qal‘ah , fort . “A . u . qulé

‘

ah , little fort .

II. ADJ ECTIVES.

is as a rule formed by the addition of

i ah thus,0 a

i4 k: 14 15‘dliyah .


2. Those denoting colour have the feminine form this fa'lc

’

z’

u

thus,’ ~ o ° o

fem.‘Lé o

3. Those denoting bodily deformity also take the above form ;thus,

éd

’

l a'mg, lame. fem.1K}

wil l alzdab, crooked b.»

a'ma , blind.

4 .

1

2

7j ald mr, another.

Vide Part I, Arts. 6, 7 , 8 .

B. NUMBER.

1. The regular plurals in

J “; gieyib, good.

maftdhah , open.

0 Dy :

2. Those denoting colour

33fit?0 0 1 c o !

ahmar, red. plur.

J“.

”a bum .

9 a o 1 c o !

ji'

a .‘akl adar, green.

jars. khudr.

’ p 0 ’

Ari aswad , black.

ULSTabyad, white. bid .

(or ) cfiin ,m. and (QLL) w ! (it,

plur. ujfllo W a

le gieyibin .

0 fio a

Luna.

form the plural of both genders like


a , 1

g malfifiafilighter.

¢, I

Jfil agall, less.

The comparative can be formed by the use offil alctar, more.2. The superlative is formed . from the comparative either by

prefix ing J l cl, by th e aid of a sufix,or by a following genitive.

Its masc . plur. is of the form 37

16 fa'dlil ex .

J ag)“el-alcc'ibir, the greatest, the great taken in its substantive

meaning.

Vide Part I, Lesson X IV.

III.

PERSONAL PRONOUNs .

I

Sing. Ist pers. m Bl ana , I.

2nd pers. m.

3rd pers. m.

Plur. Ist pers . m.

and pers. m .

grd pers. m.

Dual 2nd pers. m

not in use,

Vide Part I, Arts. 8 , I I, 36.

ente, en t’

, thou.

Lg.” anti, thou .

him,he .

LS“hiya, she .

Us

.

’nalm; L‘a-l ilma, we.

i" su lum; J

ud i entzZ,ye.

not in use , ye.

hum h e huma , they.

or; hunna (seldom used), they.

ye both .

they both .

259

Suffix es .

Sing. Ist pers. m. f . g t“; (3 vulg.

g;

and pers. m. s)

f .z'

lc,elc lei

,lei.

3rd pers. m.

Ist pers. m.f .

and pers. m.

not in use.3 7

“

grd pers. m.

f s?»

Dual 2nd pers. m. f. C? not in use.

grd pers. m. f . [22 not in use.

vulg . lZ, to me.

lob, lab

,to

minhd , from her. Lg; lz'

hd, to her.

lam-

L, lt

'

w'

i,to

to them.


L352; vulg .f iya , In me.

n o

el f? f ile, in th ee .

f i’

lci,flh , in h im.

f ihd , in her.

LLJ f ind , in us.

f i lcum, in ye.O O l a

( f t-j f ilmm. in them.

'alék'wm

,on them.

Acousative of the personal pronou n formed from ULwith thesufiix es :

Sing. Ist pers. m

and pers. m.

3rd pers. m.

3

Plur. Ist pers. m. f. BBL

z ud pers. m.

3rd pers. m. iyydbum,them.

Dual z ud pers. m

grd pers. m

Lesson VIII.

Suflix es used aspossessivepronouns

(a) With a final consonant in the singular

t f vulg.

LSQLK leildbi, my book.

slit? eb b! kitc’

zbalc,thy (m.) book.

Lsu: on :

”La vulg .

‘a léya , on me .

4 0 a ,

‘alék

, on thee .w

‘alféh , on him.

‘aléhd , on her.

0 4 d

LIQLc alémt, on us.

d O ’ n

QB}. vu lg. iyyc'

zya ,me .

(gill,

zyydk, th ee .

all-i

Le.w.


B. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNs.

There are none . They are replaced (a) by sufiix es (see above) ;

(b) bynouns, its ; mz

'

té‘

,property, goods (t

in bite? in Egypt), JLmd l,property

,possession, or G : Zzaqq, righ t, lawful possession, with the

suffixes.

Vide Part I, Art. 63.

C . DEMONSTRATIVE PBONOUNs.

Sing. m.

Plll l'. m. fYJ Q

Sing. m .

Dualm.

Plur. est};

hd z a (J l t dm lul l); lin t.)

hdz i ; g s, gs , as all, this.

ha z én ,clan , both these.

lzatén , u.g5 ten, both these.

kowla z, J) » badbl,

hadbl‘

e’

, J) : dbl,

haddlc, el ls, el l.) dd lc, that.

du lebn'

a, that.

lladilc, 0133 , sip dilc,

tile, ufi dz‘

khzi,

dikhiya ,

both these.

both these .

W) » lmclblélc,

My» lladb'

lc, those .

APPENDIX 263

Sing.m. vulg. ells, slits zalilc, that.

o ld

at

o

0

of .

m. Y) aflbbb

Plur. «15.

Vide Part I, Lesson VI.

Sing. m. gill vulg. g l ll

Plur. m. who, wh om.

I33— I36.

vulg.

on (man), min W min, who ?

g l 6, what kind of“I what ?

Vide Part I, Arts. I6, I7.


IV . NUMBERS.

A . CARDINAL NUMBERS.

I m.

wdhz'

dah , wahdalz,. 2

2 . mL2 L

f uLZ—‘J l

,etneten

,

3 0 m

0 0 0 0

6 m.

S 'O '

8 m. {a iming/ah,

fume'

m,

3 4 0

9 . m.

oo t

C. » teaa ,

'asllam lz,IO .


I I,ooo . Gil} ; b l v ulg. ; izlljzc b l alzddslmr elf,

o f D ab i ll 33

”

etc . etc .

Vide Part I, Lessons VI, VII, IX ,and X .

B. ORDINAL NUMBERS.

h p !

Ist m. J) vulg.n ,gljl, L

”

g‘llj'l awwal, awwal

'

i, awwalc’

ini.

3151, awwalah, awwaliyall , etc .

3 8 gene.on

tdml

’

n .

‘

asllr’ln.

hc'

zd i wa'ashrin .

rdbi‘wastaldfin .

Vide Part I,Art. I07.

cl? tc

'

isi'.

Jim:

ju g s la

. Midi ‘asllar.

etc. etc .

APPENDIX 267

V. VERBS .

A. REGULAR VERBs.

(Vide Part I, Lessons XV ,X VI, XVII, XVIII, X IX .)

AcTIvE Moon.

Th e P reterite .

3rd pers. m. vulg. c a tab,he has

f. J J Icatabet,she has

and pers. m. M y leatabt,thou hast

Ist pers. m.f .

Dual 3rd pers. m.

and pers. m. f .

grd pers. m.

and pers. m.

Ist pers. m. f .

Th e

1 9

3rd pers. m. A vulg. g ag yelctub, he writes .

o °

Wag; telctub, thou writest .

they both have

they both have

ye both have

wkatabu, they have


Sing. and pers.f” 0 1

mt pers. m.j: l

Dual grd pet s. m.

2nd pers. m.f .

Plur. 3rd pers. m.

and pers. m. telctubu,ye write.

Ist pers. m. f.

0 1 0

vulg .

P articiple .

LJ l ulg. ug lylcc'

ttib, writing.

PASSIVE Moon.

Th e P re terite .

It has been written, etc. vulg.

Sing . 3rd pers. m. i t ; ltu tib.

f. J igs aw .

and pers. m. lcu tz'

bt.

{ tunes

telctubi, thou writest.

alctub, Im ite .

they both write .

they both write .

ye both write .

yelctubu'

, they write .

u lctub, write thou .

l ulctubi , write thou .

both write .

M ulctubu, write ye .

write ye.

Th e Aorist .

It is written,etc.

yu lctab.

tulctab.

g ra ti stulf tab.

“WA,

“5

tu lctabi'

na .


c

If}. vulg. mulca ttib.

tel/t il) .

IV. FORM.

Pret. J ‘X vulg. ledtab.

Aor.

Imp. lcd tib.

Part. ALEX; mulcdtib.

Inf. (ism) ; t£( kiteb.

V. FORM.

x vulg. telcattab.

VI. FORM .

vulg. tekdtab.

yetelcdtab.

telec'

itab.

mu teké tib.

telcdtub.

VII. FORM .

vulg. inlra tab.

yenka tz'

b.

inlcatib.

munkatib.

inlcitdb.

muka'

tab.

vulg. tukuttib.

mutekattab.

vulg. tulcu'

tib.

yutalcdtab.

mutelcdtab.

munlcatab.

271APPENDIX

0

VIII. FORM.

m l vulg. iktatab.

yulcta tab.

mulctatab.

IX . FORM.

ilctabib.

X. FORM.

vulg. istalctab.

yestaletib.

istalctz'

b.

mu stalctib. musta'

lctab.

(Vide Part I, Arts. 1 20 and 2 I9 .)I. FORM.

A ctive .

£313 VU18 . dabrag £111; vulg. du llrig.

£4133 W at“? yudatmg.

daln‘ig .

EPA» mudaltrig.

0 -0


II. FORM .

al l} vulg . tadaltrag . vulg. tudu lm

’

g.

£3112; yetadalzrag. yu tadalzmg.

é; tada lcrag.

0 O f f , 3 1 0 ¢0 ’

Ase mutadalzfig. mutadahrag.

£123 tadallrug.

B. IRREGULAR VERB s.

I. Surd or Doub led V erb s .

(Vide Part I, Lesson XXIII.)

ACTIvE Moon,

Th e Pre terite .

Sing. 3rd pers. m. 3; vulg.

O l a

4 0 0 4

z ud pers. m .

Ist pers. m

Dual 3rd pers. m .

f ’ O ’ o

z ud pers. m

Plur. 3rd pers. m.

n o

f u“0 003

z ud pers. m.

rt»)

f wh o)Ist pers. m. f.

Aor. 3; vulg. yerudd . ulg . a: meld, z'

.

lo .) ruddd .

4 )

radd,he has

raddet, she has

raddét, thou hast

raddét'

i,thou hast

f add'

ét, I have

they both have

they both have

ye both have

9

‘D

raddu’

,they have.

they have

raddétzi , ye have

ye have

lug: raddénc‘

z, we have

Imp. sing.

plur.


II. Inflrm or Imperfec t V erbs.

l . Verbs withJ

orgs

as the first radical.

Part I, Lesson XXIV et seq .)

I. FORM. II. FORM.

Active

Passive Pret .’ a P

C '° d C o

VIII. FORM .

A c tive Pret.. d . o

Aor.

ea t

0

Imp. u sp le8 p ! 0 «a ,

Part.

Passive Pret.I'm )

8 0 " 3 4 0 ,

APPENDIX 275

2. a. Verbs with J as the second radical.

I. FORM.

ACTIVE MOOD .

grd pers. m. 36 vulg. J t; qdl , he has said.

f. Si ts a s

2nd pers. m. qu lt, thou hast said.

Ist pers. m.f . Cu t; qu lt, I have said.

they both have said.

and pers. m.f. Lil; ye both have said.

3rd pers. m. bill; blB qdlti , they have said.

and pers. m.

Ist pers. m. f .

Imp. sing . J s vulg. J) ; qul , gitl.


b Verbs with g, as the second radical.

I. FORM .

ACTIVE MOOD .

Pret. Sing. 3rd pers. m.

and pers. m.

2nd pers. m

3rd pers. m.

a O

o i 0

z ud pers. m.

D I o

Ist pers. m. f.

Imp. Sing .

C; vulg . bt'or be

'.

plumb; b'l'tl .

PASSIVE MOOD .

Pret. vulg. 677 . Part. vulg. mabi‘

.

9:

C

Aor.

ale

.

8 vulg.

at: bc'

t',he has

bet“, she hasbi

‘

t, thou hast

bi'ti,thou hast

w bi't,I have

they both have

th ey both have

ye both have

bd‘zi, they have

they have

bi'tt

‘

e, ye have

ye have

bi'nc

'

t, we have


3 . Verbs with J or g as the third radical.

I. FORM.

ACTIVE MOOD .

Pret. Sing. 3rd pers. m.

ramet

di e d “

2nd pers. m. ramet

1 st pers. m mmét radit.

Dual grd pers. m.

1o ’ O o o

zfiupers. m. f

Plur. 3rd pers. m.

C 0 0 O d d

O ) f

and pers. m.framstu radttu .

a ) 0 4 -4 3 ’ a 0

Ist pers. m mménc'

t

0 d a Oo

“PASSIVE Moon.

7 0 ,

APPENDIX 279

of Verbs

G o “,

I) o f

Iw .o “c o ,

t o o ,

0 I

5 a ,

O d o 0

v 0 ,

4 O , O t o ,

c 3 )

O , 0 ,

3 0 0 0 ,


III. Hamz ated V erb s .

1 . Verbs with l as the first radical.

(Vide Part I, Lesson

A ctive Pret .1 )

9 'i 9

Part .

1m:6 0 f '

c 0

Passive Pret .

Aor.

y o I ! r. I )

t o 1 )

Active and vulg.

Passive


with l as the third radical.

ACTIvE MOOD.

v O'

Pret . Sing.grd pers.m.

O d o

2nd pers.m.

1 st pers.m.j: cp l} ? Pass.

o n e

Plur. and pars. m.

Ist pers.

1 4 4 ° i 'O

A ctive Pret .

o o n i O d o

N a ’ 2 £ 0

3 o s,

Passive : Pret .

APPENDIX 283

AND WORDS WHICH ARE USED AS SUCH.

(Vide Part I, Lesson XXX et seq.)

J ;vulg. ila , to , until.

amd’

sn, before , in front

of.

g.» bi

, bi, with , by.

0 0 ‘

o o f

0 0 0

t’

, ta , by (in swearing).

tabt, under, beneath .

ganb,gamb,nex t , near.

(latter, until, even to .

Mat-lg, besides.

fialf, after, beh ind.

dd lcfiil, within .

dt,below.

‘

ala,on

, upon, above.

sawa ,besides,together

and , near, with .

33 fi)in

l’

, It, to.

lada ,at, with .

min ,from

w’

,wa ,

by (in swear

warei , behind , beyond.


ADVERBS.

(a) Of interrogation

Ivulg. d l

l“J o Ital

,if

‘l

it illa,if not 1

emta , wh en ?“I

En, where ?

5; f én , where ?o t o

” J

mist En, whence l

I

, o

ila En , whither ?

(b) Of plac e

is; vulg . hena , here ..p o 'sue

AUG;

tilt;

he.

henc‘

ile,th ere .

honalz'

lc,there .

baltena , h ere.

guwa , inside.

(0) Of time

(51; vulg. hallaq ,

d b“:B

9 0 0

now.

dzl-wagt,

qat, at any time .

mc'

tz dl,

barm , outside .

é);

f'

oq, on top .

Gyro

s?“tabt

,down below.

n ’ O’

LIJ l Enmd , wherever.

vulg. ba'cl balcralt, the day

after to-morrow.

gbaohoalt , to-morrow.

balan, immediately.

qawc'

tm,directly.


VIII. CONJ UNCTIONS.

vulg. ldlcz'

n,

. z .

I” vulg.tamm,ma-amma

,

‘ av we

Ll lamma, gadel-ma , as much .

5‘

S n o

l. .ti

qadd—mc‘

z,

t h ig h. sc’

i‘at-mc

'

i,

when.

ow, or.

mata,

amma— ow, either— or.

f o

batter-met,

lzatta-ann, until. “3

6 -35. l’

ltadd-mc'

i,

’ 0 4

Q»

.. z wa, and.

e whereas. fa , and, so.

mzn-hes

dad la‘all

,

hper aps.

rubbama ,

h'

] t.so that;

ben-ma , W 1 8

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