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APPENDIX TO

HOSSFELD’

S JAPANESE GRAMMAR

Japanese

Futuhi wo tazunete , atarashik i wo

things are learned by studying the old

APPENDIX TO

HOSSFELD’

S

JAPANESE GRAMMARCOMPRI SING

A GRADUATED SERIES OF EXERCISES

ON THE WHOLE WORK,

EXTRACTS FROM LEADING AUTHORS,EXERCISES IN THE NATIVE CHARACTERS

AND

TWO VOCABULARIES

H. J . WEINTZAuthor of

“Hossfeld’s Japanese Grammar

“ The Span ish Principia,”etc.

[ V 0 1 1]

LONDON

HIRSCHFELD BROTHERS, LIMITED13 FURNIVAL STREET

,E C.

1905

[All rights reserved ]

PR E F A CE.

THE un iformly warm welcome extended by Professorsand Students to Hossfeld

’

s“ Japanese Grammar

”

and

the flattering encomiums bestowed by the press haveinduced the publ ishers to consider favourably the issue

Of the present volume .The scheme of the work is as fol l owsPart I comprises forty- six Exercises consisting gener

al ly of col loquial phrases on subjects such as natural ly

present themselves in dai ly social intercourse and arei l lustrative of those special iti es of the mechan ism Of the

l anguage set forth in the Grammar,and w ith which it

is necessary that the student shou ld become fami l iarbefore he attempts to converse .

Each Exercise is preceded by a Vocabulary contain ingnew words to be employed in it, and the Engl ish sen

tences are more or l ess reproductions of the Japaneseones contained in previous exercises, so thatthe student

may be enabl ed to retranslate them into Japanesew ith faci l ity.

Part I I is Of the same kind as the l astbutOf a moreadvanced nature embodying some Of the more important

idioms of the l anguage, and instead of furn ishingindependent sentences in the Engl ish portion of each Exercise,a translation of the preceding Japanese phrases has

been substituted,’ each half of the Exercise thus forming

a Key to the other .

2 PREFACE .

Pa1t II I consists Of a series of Reading Exercisescomprising excerpts cul led from the works of popul arauthors

,the earl ier specimens bearing interl inear l iteral

renderings and being fol lowed by free idiomatic Engl ishtranslations. Later

,the interl inear translations are dis

carded, and final ly the Japanese text alone is given ,

footnotes, however, being appended to elucidate points

of especial difficu lty occurring in the text.In Part IV the two groups of native characters are

exhaustively discussed, and the work closes with twoVocabularies containing all the words used in the

Exercises and not found in the Vocabu laries atthe end

of the Grammar .To conclude, the Author returns his cordia l thanks

for the l iberal reception which his former work has

experienced, and his endeavours w i l l not have beenmade in vain if theyr contribute

,in however sl ight a

degree, to a more extended acquaintance with the Japan ese language and w ith Japan ,

thereby strengthen ingthe bonds Of friendsh ip between the great countries of

IEYASU,KOB0 DAISHI , and NOBUNAGA,

and SHAKSPERE,

V VATT and V V

ELLiNGTON .

H. J. VVEINTZ.

BRADFORD (Yorks), 1905 .

C O N T E N T S’

PART I . GRAMMATICAL EX ERCISES (Elementary)

PART I I . (Advanced )

I I I . READING EXERCISES

The Ragman’

s BargainA VisitA futi le SearchShinzaburO and O Tsuyu

(continued )

F leeting FashionAn examp le of PatienceThe Financier and the Cobbl erA fortuitous MeetingThe Mouse may aid the LionTime ly AssistanceThe Toper

’

s Dream .

PART IV . THE NATIVE SYLLABARIESI . THE KATAKANA

Table of the Sy l labaryNOTES ON THE SYLLABARY .

MODIFICATIONS OF THE SYLLABICSBY ASSOCIATIONSl . MODIFICATION OF VOWEL SYLLABICS

4 CONTENTS

PAGE

2 . MODI FI CATI ON OF VOWEL AND CONSONANT SYL

LABLES BY ASSOCIATI ON1 . Consonant f ol l owing V ow el Sy ll abl es2 . V owel fol l owing Con sonant Sy l l ab l e s

3. MODIFICATION OF CONSONANT SYLLABLES1 . E l id ed or Coal escent soun d s

2 . Q u ick ened or El iminated soun d s

I I . THE H IRAGANA

Tabl e Of the Sy l labary

VOCABULARIES

I . JAPANESE—ENGLI SHI I . ENGLI SH—JAPANESE

INDEX

AP PEN D I X

HOSSFELD’S JAPANESE GRAMMAR.

PA RT I .

NOTES 1. I n references,

“ H J . G .

”and “App . H. J . G.

” indicate

respectively Hossf eld'

s Jap anese Grammar and thisApp en

dix . Numerals placed after the above letters refer to pages .

II . The words at the head of each exercise are to be

learnt by heart as they are not reinserted unless occur

ring with a different sign ification . They wil l , however,be found in the Vocabul aries atthe end of the book .

V ocabu lary .

watak iishi n o,my haha,

mother (own)anata no

, your (Sing ) haha sama, (another’s)shiroi , white aOi , blue

akai , red onna, woman

kuroi, black nagai, longhana

, flower chichi , f ather (own)hato, p igeon otottsan , (another

’

s)tomodachi, f rie nd n iwa, gardento, and tsiikue, table

hircins , beautif u lExercise NO. 1 .

(Translate into English).—l . Watakushi no tomodachi . 2 . Anata no haha sama, 3 . V

VatakuShi no

tomodachi to anata no haha Sama . 4 . Kireina n iwa .

5 . Nagai tsukue . 6 . Sh iroi hana. 7 . Aoi hato .

The diacritic signs (I , n) are only placed over these letters in

words occurring in the Vocabularies and notwhen occurring in

the Exercises .

6 APP. JAPANESE GRAMMAR

(Translate into Japanese).— 1 . My father . 2 . Yourfriend. 3 . Your father and my friend. 4 . A * blacktabl e . 5 . A white pigeon . 6 . A red flower . 7 . Abeautifu l woman .

V ocabul ary .

gozaimasu,is Or are k ireina, k irein i, beautifu l

shinsetsuna, shin setsun i , kind mu’

siime, gir l'

watak iishi domo no, our anata gata no, your (plu .)

A n oun or pronoun precedinggozaimasu or arimasu

(is or are) re q uires do after it; as :Watakushi wa Okuro de gozaimasu, I am(Mn)Ohuro.

If an adjective q ualifies a n oun wh ich is understo od,the termination of the adjective ischangedas followsAdjectives ending in ator oi change th ese termina

ti ons into 0

Kore wa takai hako de gozaimasu, This is a dear box.

Kono han Ea take"

gozaimasu, This box is a dear

Adjectives ending in no change it into ui

Ko re wa kiminahana de gozaimasu, This is a beauti

f ul flower.

Kono hanaJ SLL kimini gozaimasu, Thatflower is a

beautiful (one) .

Adjectives ending in sh’

i change it into shi'

t(shift)Kore W3 atamshll nn de gozaimasu, This is a new

book .

KODOM u m gozaimasu, Thatbook is a new

(one.

Obs. Itmustbe remembered thatsome adjectives may be used

with the termination no as well as the regu lar attributive form.

Thus we may say e ither bid ,or Okt

’

na, large ; obtector chisana,

smal l .

See H. J . G ., p . 8 , note .

EXERCISES 7

Exercise NO. 2 .

1 . Kireina haha» 2 . Shinsetsuna ch ichi . 3. Anatano haha sama kireim gozaimasu . 4 . Watakushi no

haha wa shinsetsuni gozaimasu . 5 . Anata no otottsan

wa watakushi no tomodachi de gozaimasu . 6 . Anata

gata no n iwa kireini gozaimasu . 7 . Watakushi domono chichi shinsetsuni gozaimasu . 8 . Watakushi domono tomodachi . 9 . Anata gata no haha sama . 10 . Wats

kushi domo no tomodachi wa kireini gozaimasu .

I . A beautiful gi rl . 2 . A kind father . 3 . Your (sing.)friend is kind . 4 . Your (p lu .) garden is beautiful . 5 .

My father is kind . 6 . Our friend. 7 . Your (p lu .)father . 8 . Your (p lu .) mother is beautiful . 9 . Our

friend is beautiful . 10. Your (p lu .) father is kind.

V ocabu lary .

kono, this, these sono,that, those

watak iishi wa, I anata wa, you (sing )mgtteimagg, has or have

Ex ercise NO . 3 .

1 . Sono tomodachi wa shinsetsun i gozaimasu . 2 . Konomusume wa kirein i gozaimasu . 3 . Kono chich i wa sh insetsuni gozaimasu. 4 . Watakushi wa haha wo * mo

tteimasu . 5 . Anata wa Shinsetsuna tomodachi wo mo

tteimasu. 6 . Watakushi wa tomodachi wo motteimasu.

7 . Watakushi no ch ich i wa kireina n iwa wo motteimasu .

8 . Anata no tomodachi wa Shinsetsuna haha wo motteimasu . 9 . Kono musume wa kireina tomodachi wo

motteimasu . 10 . Sono musume wa Shinsetsuna tomodach i wo motteimasu.

I . Th is gir l is kind. 2 . That garden is beautifu l .3 . Th is gi r l is beautiful . 4. That beautifu l garden .

See H. J . G . , pp . 12 and 50.


5 . Th is kind mother . 6 . That beautiful gi rl has a

kind friend. 7 . You (p lu .) have k ind friends. 8 . 1

have beautiful friends. 9 . That girl has a kind mother .10. I have a beautifu l mother . 11 . My moth er has a

beautifu l garden . 12 . Your father has a kind friend .

V ocabul ary .

okins, okin i , chifi , large, ta l l fude , penisu, cha ir hako, boxwatak iishi wa (or ga)mottei anatawa (orga)motteimasu,

masu,I have you (sing ) have

wataktishi ga motteimasu anata ga motteimasu ka,

ka, have I i? have you

takai ,tak 6 ,dear(in price) ta l l

Ex erci se N o . 4 .

1 . Anata no fude wa take gozaimasu . 2 . Watakushi

no isu wa okiu gozaimasu . 3 . Anata no tomodachi wa

takai isu wo motteimasu . 4 . Watakushi no tomodachi

wa okina isu wo motteimasu . 5 . Anata no tomodachi

wa okina isu wo motteimasu . 6 . Watakushi no chichino isu wa okifi gozaimasu . 7 . Anata no okina tomodach i wa sono n iwa wo motteimasu . 8 . Watakushi no

chich i ga sono okina fude wo motteimasu. 9 . Anatano tomodachi wa n iwa wo motteimasu ka. 10. “l atekushi no okina tomodachi wa sono takai fude wo motteimasu ka. 11 . Anata no tomodachi wa haha samawo motteimasu ka. 12 . Anata wa sono isu wo mottei

masu ka. 13 . Watakushi no ch ich i wa kono okina

fude wo motteimasu ka.

1 . Your gun is dear . 2 . My gun is l arge . 3 . Myfather has a large garden . 4 . Your (sing) friend hasa large chai r . 5 . This pen is dear . 0 . Your (sing)mother has a dear pen . 7 . My fri end

’

s father has that

See H. J . G . , pp . 38 and 174 .

EXERCISES 9

large gun . 8 . Have you (sing) friends? 9 . I have afriend . 10 . Have I that box? 11 . Have you that largechai r? 12 . Has my father that garden? 13 . Has your

(sing) friend this pen? 14. Have your brothers theselarge chairs? 15 . My brothers have those dear pens.

V ocabu lary .

wataktishi domo wa (or ga), anata gata wa (or ga), youwe (plu .)

zashiki , room,drawing

-room motteimashita, had, havehadwatak i

’

i shi domo no, our anata gata n o, your (plu .)

Ex ercise No . 5 .

1 . Watakushi domo no isu wa okifi gozaimasu . 2 .

Watakushi domo wa okina zashiki wo motteimasu .

3 . Anata gata no haha sama wa fude wo motteimashita.

4 . Anata gata wa sono fude wo motteimasu ka. 5 . Anatano n iwawa okingozaimasu . 6 . Watakushi domo wa n iwawo motteimasu . 7 . Anata gata no tomodachi wa konon iwa wo motteimashita ka. 8 . Watakushi domo no

kiodai ga sono china zashik i wo motteimashita. 9. Wa

takushi domo wa sono takai isu wo motteimasu . 10.

Watakushi wa chichi wo motteimasu . 11 . Watakushi

domo wa okina zash ik i W0 motteimasu . 12 . Anata

gata no zashiki wa okiu gozaimasu ka. 13 . Anata gatawa tomodachi wo motteimasu ka. 14 . Anata gata waotottsan wo motteimasu ka.

1 . I have a friend. 2 . Our father has an expensive

pen . 3. We have a drawing- room. 4 . Your (p lu .)chairis expensive . 5 . Have you (p lu .) friends? 6 . We havefriends. 7 . Have your friends a garden? 8 . Have our

friends a large pen? 9. Your (p lu .) drawing- room is

large . 10. My friends have a drawing- room. 11 . Our

garden is large . 12 . We have large pens. 13 . You

(sing) have large chairs. 14 . Have you (sing) a friend?


V ocabul arymgami , letter (note)kago, basketushinau

,to lose

ushinaimashita,lost

,has or

have lostkono okata

l 1thi s person thatperson

Ex ercise N o . 6 .

1 . Watakushi wa hana wo ushinaimashita. 2 . Konoh ito ga sono fude wo motteimasu . 3 . Watakushi no

chich i wa hana wo ushinaimashita. 4 . Sono okata waokina isu wo motteimasu . 5 . Anata wa anata no inu

wo midashimashita ka. 6 . Sono h ito wa watakushi notomodachi de gozaimasu . 7 . Watakushi no haha wakago wo motteimasu . 8 . Kono okata wa anata no tomodach i de gozaimasu ka. 9 . Sono h ito wa watakushi no

chich i de gozaimasu . 10 . Anata gata no neko wa okiu

gozaimasu. 11 . Sono h ito wa n iwa wo motteimasu .

12 . Watakushi no haha wa sono fude wo motteimasu .

13. Anata no isu wa tako gozaimasu ka. 14 . Watakushi

no inu okin gozaimasu .

1 . That person is my friend . 2 . Have you l ost yourl etter? 3 . I have lost a pen . 4 . This person is myfath er . 5 . That person has a pen . G. I have found thechai r . 7 . Has your (sing) mother losta flower? 8 . Wehave found a letter . 9 . That person is your (p lu .)father . 10 . Has thatperson friends? 11 . Is this person

your friend? 12 . We have lost a basket. 13. Our

pens are beautiful . 14. Your (sing) father’

s garden is

large . 15 . He (are wa) has a garden . 16 . Has your

(sing) friend a dog?

Either of these words may replace are or hare (H. J . G

pp. 18 and

inu,dog

neko , cat

midasu,to find

midashimasbita, found, has

or have f ound'

son o*

okatasono

* hito

EXERCISES 11

V ocabu l ary .

uketoru ,to receive m iru,

to see

uketorimashita, received,has mimaslfim, saw,

has or have

or have received seen

hagak i, postcard ye,

* to

ik imasu , go or goes doko”L

ye

ikimashita,went, has or have dochira ye

"where,“ l ike"

gone

Exercise N o . 7 .

1 . Watakushi no ch ich i ga hagaki wo uketorimashita.

2 . Watakushi wa hagaki wo uketorimashita. 3 . Anatagata wa doko ye ikimasu ka. 4 . Anata wa Hiogo yeikimasu ka. 5 . Anata no tomodachi wa hagaki

'

wo

uketorimashita ka. 6 . Watakushi no haha wa Yohohama ye ikimashita. 7 . Watakushi wa Kioto ye ikimasu .

8 . Anata wa hagaki wo uk etorimashita ka. 9 . Watakush i no chichi ga hagaki wo uketorimashita. 10 . Wa

takush i domo wa Hakone ye ik imasu . 11 . Watakushi

wa anata no tomodachi W0 mimashita. 12 . Anata gatawa tegami wo motteimasu ka.

1 . We have found beautiful pens. 2 . Our friendsare beautiful . 3. I have received a postcard. 4 . You

(sing) have seen my mother . 5 . We went to Yokohama. 6 . We have friends. 7 . I have lost my dog.

8 . Your (plu .) father went to Tokio . 9 . You (p lu .)went to Hakone . 10 . Where are you (sing) going?11 . I am going to Hiogo . 12 . We are going to Kioto .

13 . My mother went to Ashinoyu . 14 . My father hasreceived a postcard ]

V ocabu lary .

1 05, good oj i'

sama,uncle (another

’

s)sakuj itsu, yesterday oba, aunt(own)konn ichi

,to-day obasama

,aunt(another

’

s)sak uban

,lastnight warui , bad

kara, § f rom chiisai or chiisana,sma ll

Oj i, uncle (own) mai-n ichi , every day, dai lyH. J G .

, p . 52 . tH. J . G . , p . 144. See H. J . G . , p . 39 .


Ex erci se No . 8 .

1 . Watakushi domo no oba ga sono tegami womidashimashita. 2 . Watakushi wa konnichi watakushi

no oj i kara hagaki wo uketorimashita. 3. Anata wayoi kago wo motteimasu . 4 . Anata wa sakujitsu watakush i no oba kara tegami wo uketorimashita. 5 . Watakushi wa konnichi inu wo ushinaimashita. 6 .Watakushi

domo wa mai- n ich i kono musume wo mimasu . 7 . Sakuban watakushi wa kono okata wo mimashita. 8 . Anatagata wa konn ichi hagaki wo uketorimashita ka. 9 .

Anata wa chiisai fude wo motteimasu . 10 . Watakushi

domo wa konn ichi watakushi domo no oj i kara tegamiwo uketorimashita. 11 . Watakushi wa sakujitsu Hiogo

ye ikimashita. 12 . Watakushi domo wa anata no

tomodachi wo konnichi mimashita.

1 . You (p lu .) have a bad pen . 2 . I have seen your(sing) uncl e today. 3 . I have received a post- cardfrom your (sing) brother today. 4 . Th is person has

found your (p lu .) dog. 5 . We have received a l etterfrom my aunt. 6 . We are going to Tokio today. 7 . We

went to Hakone yesterday. 8 . Have you (sing) receiveda l etter from my aunt? 9 . We have received a postcard from your father today. 10. I go to Hiogo everyday. 11 . We have found your (sing) chai rs. 12 . Wehave lost our pens. 13 . Have you (sing) seen yourfather today? 14. That person has seen your friend .

V ocabul ary .

wakai , wak f) , young n i ,* to

, for

shomotsu, book watakushi no on u i, to myokurimasu, send or sends uncleok urimash

‘

ita,

sent or has dempb, te legramsent k ore ’

r ga (wa, wo,etc.) this,

segare, son (dwn) these (subst)go shi

’

soku,son (another

’

s) sore § ga (wa, wo,etc.) that,

tokei , watch (time - keeper) those (subst)

H. J . G . , p . 41. i H. J . G . , p 23. s H. J . c , p . 23 .

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yori mo 6k ina (or chiu), anata no, yours (sing)larger than anata gata no

, yours (plu .)hako,

box kuroi , kuro ,black

nagai , nago, longExerc ise No . 10 .

1 . Kono botan wa sore yori mo okiu gozaimasu . 2 .

Watakushi no hako wa anata no yori mo tako gozaimasu . 3 . Anata gata no neko wa watakushi no yorimo kireini gozaimasu . 4 . Watakushi wa sore yori mochiisana inu wo motteimasu . 5 . Anata no inu wa

watakushi no yori okiu gozaimasu . 6 . Kono koj ik i wawatakushi yori mo bimbon i gozaimasu . 7 . Anata wakore yori mo chiisana neko wo motteimasu ka. 8 . Anatano botan wa watakushi no yori mo yo gozaimasu . 9 .

Watakushi no fude wa anata no yori mo nago gozaimasu . 10. Anata gata no hako wa watakushi domo noyori okiu gozaimasu . 11 . Kono botan wa sono botanyori kuro gozaimasu . 12 . Kono koj ik i wa sono h ito

yori mo wake gozaimasu . 13 . Watakushi wa kono inu

yori okina no* wo motteimasu . 14 . Anata wa kono

inu yori okina inu wo motteimasu ka.

1 . Have you (sing) a l arger box than th is (one)?

2 . Your dog is larger than mine . 3 . We havea l arger garden than this. 4 . My garden is larger than

yours. 5 . Our tabl e is smal l er than yours 6 .

That beggar is poorer than this beggar . 7 . Your (p lu .)books are more beautiful than ours (sing) . 8 . My son

is tal ler (okin) than yours (sing) 9. Your mother is

younger than mine . 10. Have you (p lu .) a smal l erdraw ing- room than this? 11 . Our drawing- room is

smal l er than yours . 12 . I have a smal ler book thanth is. 13 . Your friend is tal l er than mine . 14 . Do you

receive l etters from your (sing) auntevery day? 15 . Ireceived a l etter from my brother yesterday.

Here no one (See H. J G . , p .

EXERCISES 15l

Vocabu l ary .

koshiraemasu,makeormakes orimashita, lived was orwere

koshiraemashita,made, has n i , in or at

made uchi mi, in the house,or at

omoshiroi , interesting, amus home

ing mutsukashi , mutsukashiu,

yasui, yasu, cheap ; easy difi cu lt

umi,ocean ,

sea kan e, money ; metalshiroi

,white kan e- ire

, purse

rampu ,lamp mach i, town ,

city

orimasu, live or lives; is or kami, Godare sekai

,world

Exerc ise No . 1 1 .

1 . Kami ga sekai wo koshiraemashita. 2 . Watakushi

no chich i ga yasui shomotsu wo motteimasu . 3 . Watakush i no zashik i ui okina rampu ga gozaimasu . 4 .

Anata no kane- ire wa watakushi no yori ok in gozaimasu.

5 . Anata wa Hiogo ni orimashita ka. 6 . Sono shomotsuwa omoshiro gozaimasu . 7 . Anata wa konnichi Tbkyoye ikimasu ka. 8 . Anata no n iwa ui inu ga orimasu .

9 . Watakushi no kane- i re wa anata no yori mo yasugozaimasu . 10. Watakushi wa Tokyo n i orimasu . 11 .

Konnichi watakushi wa uch i ni orimasu . 12 . Watakushi

no segare wa Hiogo ye ikimashita. 13. Anata no tomodach i wa rampu wo motteimasu ka. 14. Yokohamawa okina mach i de gozaimasu .

1 . God made the ocean . 2 . Tokio is a l arge city.

3 . I go to Yokohama today. 4 . There are large flowersin my garden (say, Large flowers in my garden are).5 . Your room is l arger than mine . 6 . This book ismore difficult than that. 7 . My book is easier thanyours. 8 . I l ive in Hakone . 9 . Do you (sing) l ive inTokio? 10. Have you (sing) a purse? 11 . I have a

purse . 12 . Are (there) beautifu l lamps in your room?13 . Your (sing) dog is in my garden . 14 . My book is

16 APP . JAPANESE GRAMMAR

more interesting than yours. 15 . Your (sing) book iseasi er than mine . 16 . Have you (sing) l ived in Nagasak i?

V ocabu l ary .

urimasu,sell

,sel ls n iku, meat

urimashita, sold, have or has empitsu, penci l

so ld imo, potato

suk imasu, like, likes itsudemo, a lways

suk imash‘

ita, liked, have or k i, tree

has liked is, house

kau, to buy bybbu, screen

kaimasu, buy or buys nen , year

kaimash‘

i’

ta, bought, have or chawan , tea-cup , bowlhas bought no ue mi ,

*on

,above

takusan , many tsi’

iki , mon th

tabi -tabi , often no sh‘ita n i, below, under,

uwo, fish (al ive) underneath

sakana, fish (as food)

Exercise N o . 1 2 .

(Revise the“ Numeral ” H. J . G . , p . 129 before study

ing this exercise).

1 . Watakushi no ie ui zash iki ga futatsu gozaimasu .

2 . Kono isu no ue ui ano n iku ga gozaimasu . 3 . Anatawa Tokyo ye tabi - tabi ikimasu ka. 4. Anata gata wa

kiodai wo takusan motteimasu ka. 5 . Watakushi domowa kiodai wo takusan motteimasu . 6 . Anata wa itsu

demo uchi n i orimasu . 7 . Jn- ni tsuki ga ich i nen degozaimasu . 8 . “latakushi wa Hiogo ye tabi - tabi ikimasu .

9 . Watakushi wa hitotsu isu wo motteimasu . 10. Anatawa kono ie wo kimashita. 11 . Anata gata wa n ikuwo sukimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi domo wa sakana wosukimasu. 13. Anata no n iwa ui ki ga mitsu gozaimasu .

14. Anata wa isu wo motteimasu ka. 15 . Watakushi

Kono tsukas no no ui ano shomotsu gs gozaimasu, That book

is on this table.

EXERCISES 17

wa isu wo yotsu motteimasu . 16 . Watakushi wa konobyobu urimasu . 17 . Anata wa sono chawan urimasu ka.

1 . I have three rooms in my house . 2 . Do you (sing)often go to Hakone? 3 . I often go to Hakone . 4 . Do

you sel l th is bowl? 5 . I sel l this bowl . 6 . Do you

(sing) l i ke meat? 7 . I l ike fi sh . 8 . We have manytables. 9 . Have you (sing) l ived in Kioto? 10. I l ivedin Kioto three (mi) months. 11 . We l ike potatoes. 12 .

You (plu .) l i ke fish. 13 . We have two chai rs. 14 . Ibuy this house . 15 . I have many houses. 16 . Have

you (p lu .) penci ls? 17 . There are beautifu l books in

your room (say, Beautiful books are in your room).18 . I have seen beautiful flowers in your (p lu .)garden .

19. That book is beneath this chai r . 20. We havefive (itsiitsu) houses.

V ocabu lary .

wa,*aux . n um. for birds kawa, river

tori , bird ahiru,duck

kij i, pheasant suzume,sparrow

karasu, crow uguisu, nightingale

Exerci seNo . 1 3 .

1 . Kono isu no ue ui ano chawan ga gozaimasu . 2 .

Anata no n iwa mi inu ga orimasu ka. 3 . Watakushi

no n iwa ui inu ga n i- hiki orimasu . 4 . Kawa n i ahiru

ga sam- ba orimasu . 5 . Watakushi wa karasu wo shi

wa mimashita. 6 . Anata no uch i ui tori ga orimasu ka.

7 . Watakushi no uchi ni tori gago- wa orimasu . 8 . Anatano n iwa ui ahiru ga ku

- wa orimashita. 9 . Watakushi

no n iwa n i uguisu ga ui- wa orimasu . 10 . Sakuj itsuwatakushi wa hato wo hachi - wa mimashita. 11 . Kan

da san wa aci hato go- hiki to, shiroi inu wo ui- h ik imotteimasu .

Watakushi no zashi ki ui tori ga shi-wa orimasu, there are four

birds in my room. (See H. J . G . , p . 135 )

App . Japanese Grammar .


1 . I have three aunts. 2 . We have seen two crows.

3. That pheasant is under this tabl e . 4 . In your (sing)garden (there) are many pigeons. 5 . Have you (p lu .)three uncles? 6 . Have you many houses? 7 . We havefour houses. 8 . In your (p lu .) garden there are three

pigeons. 9 . In that river there are many fish. 10 . Wehave two dogs. 11 . My son has a pheasant. 12 . Mr .Hagiwari has three white pigeons and two bl ack dogs.

13 . Is there a dog in your (sing) garden? 14. Thereare six dogs in my garden .

V ocabul ary .

koko,here an , to meet

doko,where?whatp lace? nan dok i ui

,atwhattime?

itsu,when? nan -n in

school, col lege iku-n in } kow many peop le?made, to, into gej o , (maid) servant

ri, Japanese league of ink i -tsubo,inkstand

Frag. mi les aimasu, meetor meets

nan ri , 1' ho wmany ri? aimashi’

ta, met, has or have

chon in , merchant met

Wh en preceding aimusa or mimasu, meet or see,

de signifies“ in

”

; thus :Anata no hato wo wa I saw your p igeon in

takushi wa niwa de the garden .

mimashita,When employed with “ to l ive o r “ to be

" dokomustbe foll owed by n i ; thus :Anata wa dok o ni ori Where do you live?masu ka,When employed w ith “ to meet ‘ or to see

doko mustbe fol lowed by de ; thus :Anata wa dok o de sono Where did you meet

hito ui aimashita ka, thatperson?

See H. J . G . , p . 39 .

1 Tbe case- sign is omitted after the words mm m“

EXERCISES 19

Exercise N o . 14 .

1 . Anata wa Hiogo ye itsu ikimasu ka. 2 . Watakushi

wa Hiogo ye konnichi ikimasu. 3 . Anata no inu ga

watakushi no n iwa ui orimasu. 4 . Doko de anata wakono h ito ui aimashita ka. 5 . Koko kara gakko made nanri gozaimasu ka. 6 . San ri gozaimasu . 7 . Anata wamai- n ichi kono gejo n i aimasu ka. 8 . Watakushi wa

sono chon in n i mai- n ich i aimasu . 9 . Anata wa konoinki- tsubo wo kaimashita ka. 10 . Watakushi wa konoinki- tsubo wo kaimashita. 11 . Watakushi no neko woanata wa doko de mimashita ka. 12 . Anata no nekowo watakushi wa mach i de mimashita. 13 . Anata wanan dok; ni Tbkyo ye ikimasu ka. 14 . Watakushi wa

Tokyo ye Ju n i - Ji (12 o’

clock) ikimasu . 15 . Anata wadoko de kono hito n i aimasu ka. 16 . Watakushi wa

sono h ito ui Hakone de aimasu . 17 . Anata no gakkon i hito ga nan - nin orimasu ka. 18 . Watakushi no

gakko ni hito ga ju- ich i n in orimasu .

1 . How many persons are (there) in your room? 2 .

There are n ine persons in my room. 3 . Where do you

(plu .) l ive? 4 . We live at Yokohama. 5 . When are

you going to your uncl e’

s house? 6 . I go today to myuncl e’s house . 7 . Where have you seen thatmerchant?

8 . I have seen (him) in Hiogo. 9 . At what time do

you (sing) go to Kioto? 10. I go to K ioto at e leveno’clock . 11 . Do you see my father every day? 12 . Isee your mother every day. 13 . Where did you meet

(say, have you met) my uncl e? 14 . I met your auntin the street (machi). 15 . How many ri is it(say, arethere) from here to Yokohama? 16 . It is (say, thereare) two ri from here to Yokohama . 17 . I met this

person in the street.


V ocabul ary .

budb-shu ,wine midzu

,

* water

gyn-n i ku , beef (0 )cha, tea

kbhi,coflee pan , bread

n omu,to drink taheru, to eat

nomimasu,drinks

,or drink tabemasu

,eats or eat

nomimashita,drank

,has or tabemashita, ate, has or have

have drunk eaten

hitsuj i-no-n iku, mutton i kura?how much?

Ex ercise No . 1 5 .

1 . Anata no tomodachi wa midzu nomimasu ka. 2 .

Watakushi no tomodachi wa budo- shu wo nomimasu .

3 . Kono okata wa hitsuj i- no- n iku tabemasu ka. 4 . Konookata wa gyu

- n iku tabemasu . 5 . Watakushi no n iwani takusan hana ga gozaimasu ka. 6 . Ikura anata gatawa kane motteimasu ka. 7 . Anata gata wa kane wotakusan motteimasu ka. 8 . Watakushi no segare wacha wo takusan nomimashita. 9 . Watakushi wa anatano haha sama ni konnichi aimashita. 10. Anata wa panwo takusan motteimasu ka. 11 . Anata gata wa dokoui orimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi domo wa Yokohama n i

orimasu . 13 . Watakushi wa gyfi- n iku wo takusan

tabemashitau 14. Kono okata wa hato wo sam- ba anata

no n iwa de mimashita.

1 . Do you (sing) eatmutton? 2 . I eatbeef. 3 . We haveeaten much bread. 4 . You (p lu .) have drunk much coffee .5 . Have you much money? 6 . I have much money. 7 .

Are (there) many flowers in your (sing) garden? 8 .

Have you many pens? 9 . I have many books. 10. Wehave much w ine . 11 . Do you (sing) drink tea? 12 . Idrink coffee . 13 . We have hadmany boxes. 14 . You (plu .)have many friends. 15 . Does your friend drink w ine?16 . My friend drinks water . 17 . How much money haveyou 18 . Your (sing) son has drunk much tea.

In some parts of the country the nigori of s is z , whilstthe

n igori of ts is dz, but in Tfikyb both are pronounced dz . Thus

midzu and other lik e words are,by some writers, given as mizu, etc .


10. We are going to Kioto today. 11 . I l ike meatandfi sh . 12 . Does your uncl e drink w ine? 13 . My uncl edrinks tea. 14 . This person disl ikes coffee . 15 . I see

your (sing) friend and your father every day .

V ocabu l ary .

dare * ga (no or we) who? nash i , pearwhose?whom? nan i f ga (no or we) what?ringo , app le k udamono, fr uitsumi , ink satb, sugar

sek itan , coa l

Exerc ise No . 1 7 .

1 . Anata gata wa nan i wo sukimasu ka. 2 . Watakushi domo wa kudamono wo sukimasu . 3 . Anata wadare no sato wo motteimasu ka. 4 . Watakushi no

tomodachi no sat?) wo motteimasu . 5 . Anata wa darewo mimashita ka. 6 . Watakushi wa anata no tomo

dach i wo mimashita. 7 . Anata no n iwa ui nan i gaorimasu ka. 8 . Watakushi no n iwa ni ahiru ga orimasu .

9 . Anata wa sakuban nan i wo mimashita ka. 10. Sakuban watakushi wa hato wo mimashita . 11 . Dare gawatakushi no sumi wo motteimasu ka. 12 . Anata no

tomodachi ga anata no sumi wo motteimasu . 13 . Anatawa nan i wo motteimasu ka. 14. Watakushi wa sekitanwo motteimasu .

1 . Whose appl e have you 2 . I have mypear . 3. Do you (p lu .) l i ke fruit? 4 . We l ike fruit.

5 . What have you 6 . I have sugar . 7 . Whohas my penci l? 8 . My friend has your (sing) pen . 9 .

Whom have you seen? 10 . I have seen your father .

Dare ga kimashita. he, who has come .

9 Dare wo anata wamima

shita ka, whom have you seen? (See H. J . G ., p .

f Anata. wa nani wo urimashita ka, what have you sold .

9 Anata

no zashiki ui nani ga orimasu ka., whatis there in your room .9 (See

H. J . G . , p . 27 )

EXERCISES 23

11 . What have you (sing) seen in my room today?12 . I have seen a dog in (de) your room today. 13 .

Does your father drink w ine? 14. My father drinkstea. 15 . What is (there) in your (p lu .) garden? 16

(There) is a cat in our garden . 17 . What did you see

last night? 18 . I saw a dog and a cat.

V ocabu l ary .

yoi , y6 , good tokkuri,bottle

yori yoi (or y6), better hank echi, handkerchiefichiban *

yoi (or y6), best b6shi ; shappo, hat

haitatsu-n in, postman fune

, boat, ship

j 6buna, j6bun i, strong, secure mori,wood (forest)

tebuk uro, glove daiku , carp enter


1 . Anata no shappo ga ich iban yo gozaimasu . 2 .

Tori wa mori ui takusan orimasu . 3 . Watakushi no

fune wa anata no yori okiu gozaimasu . 4 . Kono tokkuriwa sono tokkuri yori ok iu gozaimasu . 5 . Watakushi

no hako wa jobuni gozaimasu . 6 . Anata wa kore yoriokina shappo wo motteimasu ka. 7 . Kono shappo ga

watakushi no ichiban okina shappo de gozaimasu . 8 .

Anata no mado wa watakushi no yori chiisogozaimasu .

9 . Anata wa haitatsu- nin de gozaimasu ka. 10. Wata

kush i wa daiku de gozaimasu . 11 . Anata no hankechi

wa watakushi no yori yogozaimasu . 12 . Anata wa kore

yori okina tebukuro wo motteimasu ka. 13. Kore gaich iban okina tebukuro de gozaimasu . 14 . Kono tsukueno ue ui ano tokkuri ga gozaimasu .

1 . My w indow is smal l er than yours (sing) . 2 . Your

(p lu .) boat is better than mine . 3 . That pen is under

your book . 4 . Have you (sing.)- a larger bottl e thanthis? 5 . This is my largest bottl e . 6 . Have you (plu .)

See H. J . G .

, p . 129 .


larger gloves than these? 7 . These are our largestgloves. 8 . Are vou a carpenter? 9 . I am a postman .

10. What have you (sing) seen in (de)my largestroom?11 . I have seen a handkerch ief in your (sing) smal lestroom . 12 . Are (there) (any) birds in the woods? 13 .

(There) are many bi rds in the woods. 14. I saw two

bi rds in the wood today . 15 . Have you (sing) seenmy largest pen?

V ocabu l ary .

kono (or sono)h ito (or okata), tsuye, walking~ stick

he, she, they tabako- ire, tobacco-

pouch

kasa, umbrel la k inu , si lkdare kara?f rom whom? chok k i , waistcoat

dare no de?whose one? momen , cotton (cloth)dare h i (or ye)?to whom? bon ,

tray

kiseru, (tobacco) pipe kokon i , herebett6 , groom sokon i , thereokuru, to send okurimasu

,send or sends

Exercise No . 1 9 .

1 . Anata no gejo wa kokon i orimasu . 2 . Anata no

bettc‘

) wa sokoni orimasu . 3 . Kono kasa wa dare no de

gozaimasu ka. 4 . Sono kasa wa watakushi no de gozaimasu . 5 . Anata gata wa tsue wo motte imasu ka. 6 .

Kono okata wa bon wo motteimasu . 7 . Anata no hahasama wa momen wo motteimasu ka. 8 . Watakushi no

oj i wa chokhi wo motteimasu . 9 . Konnichi anata wa

dare kara dempo wo uketorimashita ka. 10. Konn ichi

watakushi wa dempo wo watakushi no tomodachi karauketorimashita. 11 . Kono hagaki wo anata wa dareye okurimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi wa kono kagaki wotomodachi ye okurimasu . 13. Anata no tomodachi wa

okins kiseru wo motteimasu ka. 14 . \Vatakushi no

tomodachi wa ohina tabako- i re wo motteimasu . 15 .

Watakushi wa kore wowatakushi no segare ui okurimasu .

I n the syllable ye the y is silentin mostwords and is omitted

by many writers . Thus, tsnye or tsue.

EXERCISES 25

1 . From whom have you (sing) received that te le

gram? 2 . I have received th is tel egram from myfather . 3 . Has your (sing) father a pipe? 4 . Myfather has a pipe . 5 . Have you (sing) a walking- stick?6 . I have a wal king—stick . 7 . Have you (p lu .) (any)Waistcoats? 8 . We have (some) waistcoats. 9 . Is my

groom there? 10 . Here is your groom . 11 . Whose isthisbottl e? 12 . That is mine . 13. To w hom do you (sing)send th is postcard 14. I send thatto my son . 15 . Whereis my (maid) servant? 16 . Your (maid) servantis here .17 . Has she (any) cotton (cloth)? 18 . She has (some)si lk .

V ocabu l ary .

motteimashita, had, have or tamago, egghas had gohan , meshi , gozen ,

rice

motteimasen , have or has not (cooked)shimbun - shi, newspaper ine, rice (growing)gin , si lver kome, rice (hu lled)kaj i -ya, blacksmith tetsii , iron

tok i u i , when ,at the time

,ima

,now,

the presenttime

whi lst ch6d0, j ust, exactly


1 . Anata wa gin wo motteimashita ka. 2 . Watakushi

wa gin wo motteimashita . 3 . Ima anata wa doko ui

orimasu ka. 4 . Ima watakushi wa Hiogo mi orimasu .

5 . Anata wa kono shimbunshi wo ima motteimasu ka.

6 . Sakuban watakushi wa kono shimbun - shi wo mo

tteimashita. 7 . Anata wa tamago wo motteimasu ka.

8 . W'

atakushi wa tamago wo motteimasen . 9 . Rondonn i orimashita toki mi anata w a takusan kane wo mo

tteimashita.

* 10 . Watakushi wa Rondon ni orimashita

s Anata wa Yokohama ui orimashita toki ui takusan tomodachi

wo motteimashita ka, (or, Y. u i orimashita toki ui, anata wa takusan

tomodachi wo motteimashita ka), had you many friends when you

were in Yokohama


tok i n i,takusan kane wo motteimashita . 11 . Chodo

ima san -

Ji j i‘

l - go fun de gozaimasu . 12 . Anata no

tomodachi wa kome wo motteimasu ka. 13. Watakushi

no tomodachi wa kome wo motteimasen . 14 . Konokaj i- ya wa tetsu wo motteimasu .

1 . Had you (p lu .) many dogs when you were inLondon? 2 . We had three dogs when we w ere inLondon . 3 . Have you many maid- servants now? 4.

I had many maid- servants. 5 . Just now it is twentym inutes past three . 6 . Have you (sing) many books?7 . I had many books when I was in Hiogo . 8 . Has

your friend a house? 9 . He has no house (say, He hasnot a house). 10. Where do you (p lu .) l ive now? 11 .

We l ive in Hakone . 12 . Have your (sing) friendsmuch coal . 13 . My friends have much coal . 14. Had

you (sing) th is newspaper . 15 . I had that newspaperlast n ight.

V ocabul ary .

motteimasenanda, had not Igirisu, Englandkuru

,to come ikutsu

,how old?howmany?

k imash’

ita,came

,has or have kau , to buy

come haori , coatk eredomo

,

"l but(conj ) k in , go ldkutsu , boot, shoe hon -

ya, booksel lersugu to (or u i), immediately, itsu tsiik i izen ui

, five months

directly ago

chichi,mi lk go nen izen mi, five years

ndonko ,flour (Wheaten) ago


1 . Anata gata wa ch ich i wo motteimasu ka. 2 . VVa

takush i domo wa chich i wo motteimasen . 3 . Anata watakusan udonko wo motteimasu ka. 4 . Watakushi wa

Watakushi wa kore wo sukimasu keredomo sore wo kiraimasn ,I l ike this

,but I dislike that.

EXERCISES 27

takusan ndonko wo motteimasen . 5 . Sono hon -

ya wa

shimbun - shi wo motteimashita. 6 . Anata wa itsu

tsuk i izeu ui Igirisu kimashita ka. 7 . Watakushi wa

yo nen izen ui Igirisu ye kimashita. 8 . Anata no

tomodachi wa ikutsu de gozaimasu ka. 9 . Watakushi

no tomodachi wa jfi - ku de gozaimasu . 10 . Watakushi

wa sore wo sukimasu keredomo kore wo kiraimasu .

11 . Anata gata wa kin wo motteimasu ka. 12 . Wata

kush i domo wa kin wo motteimasu . 13 . Anata wa

Tokyo u i orimashita toki n i wa,takusan tomodachi wo

motteimasenanda ka. 14. Anata wa sono haori wo

kaimasu ka. 15 . Watakushi wa sono haori wo kaimasen .

1 . Had you (p lu .) gold? 2 . We had si lver . 3. I

came to England three days (mikha ago . 4 . We cameto Japan six days ago. 5 . I am eighteen (years old).6 . Do you buy th is coat? 7 . I do not buy this coat.

8 . We had (some) books. 9 . We disl ike th is butwe l ikethat. 10 . Have you (sing) any rice? 11 . I have no

(say, Have not) rice . 12 . It is justtwenty- five minutesto seven . 13. When we w ere in Tokio we had not

many friends. 14 . Has he come from London ? 15 . He

came from Yokohama . 16 . Thatgi rl is fifteen (years old).

V ocabu l ary .

motteimash6,shall have(hold) mimasho

,wi l l or shal l see

iku, to go k iishi , comb

ik imashb’

,wi l l or sha l l go yubiwa, (finger) ring

uk etorimasho,wi l l or sha l l myb- ban

, to-morrow evening

receive myb-asa, to-morrowmorn ing

E x ercise N o . 2 2 .

1 . Itsu kono okata wa Hiogo ye ikimashb"

ka. 2 .

Sono a wa Hiogo ye myomchi ikimashb'

f 3 . Watakushi sono kush i wo motteimasho. 4 . Itsu anata

See H. J . G . , pp . 139—140


wa kono dempo wo uketorimashita ka. 5 . Watakushi

wa kono dempo wo sakuj itsu uketorimashita. 6 . Anatano tomodachi wa Hakone ye myonichi ikimasu ka. 7 .

Watakushi no tomodachi wa myo- asa Hakone ye iki

mashb'

. 8 . Itsu anata no oj i sama ga sono tegami wouketorimash

-

o'

ka. 9 . Watakushi no oj i ga sono tegamiwo my6

- ban uketorimash'

d. 10. Watakushi wa sono

yubiwa myb- ban mimashb

'

. 11 . Watakushi domo wa

myon ichi Yone no ie wo mimasho. 12 . Watakushi

domo wa sono kane wo myonichi uketorimasho. 13 .

Watakushi domo wa san- n in de gozaimasu .

*

1 . When shal l you (sing) go to London? 2 . I shall

go to London to- morrow . 3 . Shal l I hold th is comb?

4 . I shal l hold that book . 5 . When do you receive

your money? We shal l receive our money to- morroweven ing. 6 . There are four i

‘

of us. 7 . Shal l we see

that ring today? 8 . We shal l see this ring to-morrow .

9 . When did you (sing) see (have you seen)my aunt?10. I saw your aunt yesterday. 11 . You (p lu .) w i l l

go to Hiogo to-morrow morn ing. 12 . Did you (sing)come to Japan four days ago

? 13 . I came to Japantwo months ago . 14. I have a book but I have not

a pen . 15 . You (p lu .) wi l l see that comb to- night.

V ocabul ary .

sap , spoon k imasumai,shall or wi l l not

musiime,daughter (own) come

0 jt’

isan, (another

’s) ikimasumai, sha l l or wi l l

kanai , wife (own) notgo

oku sama, wif e (another’s) motteimasumai sha l l or wi l lmimasumai

, shal l orwi l l not nothave

see made, ti l l, unti l

There are three of us (l it we are three persons).

1 See H. J . G . , p . 134.


Exercise No . 2 4 .

1 . Anata no tomodachi wa konnichi. Asakusa ye ik imasu ka. 2 . Watakushi no tomodachi wa konnichi

Asakusa ye ikimasen . 3 . Nan i wo anata gata wa sukimasu ka. 4 . Watakushi domo wa kwash i wo sukimasu .

5 . Anata no 0 jbsan wa sono yaki - pan wo sukimasen

ka. 6 . Watakushi no musume wa sono yaki- pan wo

sukimasen . 7 . Anata wa konnichi Hiogo ye ikimasenka. 8 . Watakushi wa konn ichi ikimasen . 9 . Konnichi

anata wa doko ye ikimasu ka. 10. Watakushi wa

konnichi Hakon e ye ikimasu . 11 .

°Anata no oku sama

wa yasai - mono wo sukimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi no

kanai wa n iku wo sukimasen .

1 . Does your (sing) daughter l ike meat? 2 . Mydaughter does not l ike meat. 3 . Where does yourfather go? 4 . My father goes to his room . 5 . Does yourwife l ike toast? 6 . My w ife l ikes toast. 7 . Where do

you go? 8 . I go to Tokio . 9 . When do you go to Tokio?

10. I go to Tokio today . 11 . Do you (p lu .) l ike tea?

12 . We do not l ike tea but we l ike w ine . 13 . I donot l ike this pen but I l ike that book . 14. Wil l yourfriends come to my house? 15 . My friends w i l l notcome to your house . 16 . This is a beautiful comb.

V ocabulary .

mise, shop hanashi , story (narrative)bayahu,

quick ly shimbun , news

dorob6 , robber, thief hito, person ; others

hairu, to go in , to enter itoko,cousin (own)

soshiru , to j eer at o itoko, cousin (another’

s)soshirimash

‘

ita, j eered at, has mago , grandchi ld (own)or have j eered at omagog randchi ld(another

’

s)soshirimasenanda,

has or ikimashita, has or have gone,have notj eered at went

shal l or wi l l ik imasenanda, has or have

j eer at notgone

hashiru, to run K anda san , Mr. K anda

EXERCISES 31


1 . Itsu anata no haha sama wa Asakusa ye ikimashita

ka. 2 . Watakushi no haha wa sakuptsn Asakusa ye

ikimashita. 3 . Watakushi no itoko wa myfinichi Hiogo

ye ikimasumai . 4 . Sakuj itsu anata wa Kioto ye ikimashita ka. 5 . Watakushi wa sakuj itsu Kioto ye ikimaschanda. 6 . Anata no 0 mago wa kono hana wo

sukimash'

B ka. 7 . Watakushi no mago wa sono hana wosukimasumai . 8 . Anata no 0 josan wa bayeku hashirimasu ka. 9 . Watakushi no musume wa hayaku hash irimasen . 10. Sakuban Kanda san no uch i ye dorobogahairimashita. 11 . Itsu anata wa sono hanash i wokikimashita ka. 12 . Watakushi wa sono hanash i wosakuban kikimashita. 13. Anata wa kono shimbun wo

kikimashita ka. 14 . Watakushi wa sono shimbun wo

kikimasenanda. 15 . Watakushi wa sono shimbun wo

myonichi kikimash'

of

1 . Where did your cousin go (say, Where has yourcousin gone)? 2 . My cousin went to Hakone . 3 . Did

you l ike my school ? 4 . I l iked your school . 5 . Thismorn ing a thief entered my shop. 6 . Does your (sing)grandchi ld run quickly? 7 . My grandchi ld runs qu ickly .

8 . Where w i l l your cousin go? 9 . My cousin w i l l goto Hiogo. 10. Did you hear that story? 11 . I heardthat story . 12 . Wil l you (p lu .)go to Hiogo to- morrow?13. We shal l not go to Hioge to- morrow . 14. Wil l

your son l ik e that flower? 15 . My son wi l l not l ikethat flower . 16 . Did you go to your son ’

s house ?

17 . I went to my son’

s house . 18 . Does my daughterj eer at others?


tenki, weather tok eru , to me lt(intrans)k6ri, ice tokemasu , me ltor me ltskesa, this morn ing tazuneru,

to seek,

enquire,ku-j i, nine o

’

clock ask

Igirisu no kotoba, English tazunemasu,seeks

language kangaeru, to consider,think

nan dok i u i?atwha ttime? ofchittomo, not a bit

,never, kangaemasu ,

think,thinks of

notatal l ochiru, to fal lmaiasa, every morning ochimasu

, fa ll, fa l lsok iru

,to rise

, getup wakuru, to understand

ok imasu . rises, gets up roku -j i, six o

’

clock

Ex ercise N o . 2 6 .

1 . Anata wa nan i wo kangaemasu ka. 2 . Watakushi

wa fune wo kangaemasu . 3 . Nan doki n i anata wamai - n ich i okimasu ka. 4 . Watakushi wa mai- n ichiroku- j i ni okimasu . 5 . Kori ga tokemasen . 6 . Anatano 0 mago wa nan i wo tazunemasu ka. 7 . Watakushi

no musume wa botan wo tazunemasu . 8 . Nan i woanata wa maissa mimasu ka. 9 . Watakushi wa maissategami wo mimasu . 10 . Tenki ga attakani gozaimasu

kara * kori ga tokemasu . 11 . Kesa wa attakani gozaimasu kara yuki ga tokemasu . 12 . Anata no oku sama

wa mai- n ichi nan doki n i okimasu ka. 13 . Watakushi

no kanai wa maiasa ku-j i ui okimasu. 14. Watakushi

wa chittomo Igirisu no kotoba wo wakarimasen . 15 .

Watakushi no musume wa sono hana wo sukimasumai .

1 . Do you get up every morn ing at six o’

cl ock? 2 .

I get up at five o’

clock every morn ing. 3 . At whattime do your (sing) sons rise? 4 . They rise at seveno’

c lock . 5 . I do not understand Japanese at al l . 6 .

When you (sing) were in Tokio did you see your son

See H. J . G . , p . 39.

EXERCISES 33

every day? 7 . What does your (sing) cousin look- for?

8 . My cousin looks for (his) l etters. 9 . What do youthink of? 10 . I think of my son . 11 . I do not see

your (p lu .) aunts. 12 . I do not look for l etters. 13 .

Do your (sing) sons see books? 14 . My sons see books.

V ocabu l ary .

n ze l why? n ik ii - sashi , f ork (eating)ofilmash

‘

ita, f el l, has fal len samu i , coldmakoto mi , rea lly, tru ly kaku,

to write, to paint

koto,matter

,thing (abstract) attakana

,warm

Ex erc ise No . 2 7 .

1 . Anata wa nan i wo tazunemasu ka. 2 . Watakushi

wa n iku- sash i wo tazunemasu . 3. Keri ga kesa tokemash ita . 4 . Konnichi wa attakan i gozaimasen kara ,kori ga tokemasen . 5 . Anata wa konnichi watakushi

no kanai wa mimashita ka. 6 . Watakushi wa anatano okusama wo mimashita. 7 . Sakuban wa makoto ui

samn gozaimashita. 8 . Anata wa kesa nan doki ni

okimashita ka. 9 . Watakushi wa kesa hach i -j i ui

okimashita. 10. Anata wa sakuyitsu nan i wo Yokohamade mimashita ka. 11 . Watakushi wa sakuj itsu Yokohama de inu wo mimashita. 12 . Anata wa naze konohanashi wo sukimasen ka. 13 . Son o hanashi wo omo

shiroku (amusing) gozaimasen kara, watakushi wa suk imasen . 14. Anata gata wa kono koto wo kangaemashitaka. 15 . Watakushi domo wa sono koto wo kangaemasenanda.

1 . The wind was real ly cold last n ight. 2 . Have you

(p lu .) thought about that matter? 3. We did not

think about that matter . 4. What are you (sing)seeking? 5 . I seek your (sing) aunt

’

s book . 6 . Whydid you not see my cousin yesterday? 7 . I did not

see your cousin yesterday because I did not go to

App Jap anese Grammar . 3


Tokio. 8 . Where did you (sing) go l ast n ight? 9 . Iwent to Kioto . 10. What time did you rise this morning? 11 . I rose this morning at nine o’cl ock . 12 .

Whatdoes your (sing) mother look - for? 13 . My motherlooks- for (her) book . 14. Did you (p lu .) get up everymorn ing at four o

’

clock? 15 . We got up at half pastfour .

by6k i , i ll, sickhayaku,

early, quicklynugu ,

to take of (e .g. a

ment)yuk i, snowike, pond , lake

E x ercise N o . 2 8 .

1 . Yuk i ga kesatokemashita. 2 . Watakushi wa kimonowo nugimashc

’

fi 3 . Naze anata no tomodachi wa myo

n ich i Hakone ye ikimasumai ka. 4 . Watakushi no

tomodachi wa byok i de gozaimasu kara, ikimasumai.5 . Igirisu n i orimashita kara, watakushi wa Igirisu

kotoba wo hanashimasu . 6 . Myonichi kbri ga tokemashb”

ka. 7 . Mybnichi kori wa tokemasumai . 8 . Anata wamyonichi hayaku okimash

'

o ka . 9 . Watakushi wa myo

asa hayaku okimasnmai . 10. Anata wa nan i wo ushinaimashita ka. 11 . Watakushi wa tegami wo ushinai

mash ita. 12 . Anata wa sore wo tazunemashita ka.

13. Watakushi wa sore wo tazunemasenanda. 14. Anatano tomodachi wa myonichi watakushi no kanai wo

ka. 15 . Watakushi no tomodachi wamybnichi

Yokohama ye ikimasen kara,anata no okusama wo

mimasumai . 16 . Ike ne ahiru ga sam- ba orimasu .

1 . I shal l take off my hat. 2 . What do you (sing)l ook - for? 3 . I look - for my coats? 4. Have you (sing)

V ocabu lary .

ushinau,to lose

ushinaimashita, lost, have

lost

k imono, dress

hanasu ,to speak

hanashimasu,speak, speaks

EXERCISES 35

lostyour coats 5 . Where wi l l you (plu .)go to-morrow?6 . We shal l go to Asakusa to- morrow . 7 . What timew i l l you get up to

- morrow? 8 . I shall getup to-morrow

at seven o’

clock . 9 . I have lost my ring. 10. Wil l

you see me in Hiogo to- night? 11 . I shal l notsee youto- n ight. 12 . Why do your (sing) daughters go to

Hakone today? 13. My daughters go to Hakone because (they) have (their) houses (there). 14 . Does

your (sing) father rise early every morn ing? 15 . He

rises every morning at six o’

clock .

suru,to do

shimaan ,do, does

S6 , so, thus

kuru ,to come

k imasu, comes

in, to say

kami -ya, hairdresser

Ex ercise No 2 9 .

1 . Ano h ito wa sakuj itsu so l imashita. 2 . Anata wakesa nan i wo shimashita ka. 3 . Watakushi wa kesashomotsu wo yomimashita. 4 . Anata wa mai- n ich i nan iwo shimasu ka. 5 . Watakushi wamai- n ich i shimbunshi

yomimasu. 6 . Anata no tomodachi wa konn ichi koko

ye kimasu ka. 7 . Watakushi no tomodachi wa konnichi

koko ye kimasu . 8 . Dare ga kimashita ka. 9 . Kami

ya kimashita. 10. Anata wa kono tera wo mimashita

ka. 11 . Watakushi wa mada kono tera wo mimasenanda . 12 . Anata wa sore wo do omoimasu ka. 13 .

Watakushi wa haha no tanjobi mi kudamono wo

okurimashb‘

. 14. Anata wa shappo wo koshiraemasu

ka. 15 . Watakushi wa kimono wo koshiraemasu . 16 .

Anata no 0 mago wa mai- n ich i nan i wo shimasu ka.

17 . Watakushi no mago wa mai- n ich i e wo kakimasu .

V ocabul ary .

omou ,to think

yomu , to read

kaku, to write

yaoya, greengrocer

taa -bi, birthday

tera,church

mada, yet


1 . That person said so l ast n ight. 2 . Do you (sing)come here every day? 3 . I come h ere every day. 4 .

Who comes here? 5 . Your (sing) uncle comes here .

6 .Who came here th ismorn ing? 7 . A booksel l er came herethis morn ing. Yesterday a greengrocer came . 9 .

Do you l ike fruit? 10. I l ike fruit but I disl ike meat.

11 . I shal l send a book to my father on his bi rthday.

12 . What do you (sing) do th is morn ing? 13 . I readmy newspaper this morn ing. 14. Wh ere do you (p lu .)go? 15 . We go to Hakone . 16 . Where did you gol ast n ight? 17 . I went to Hiogo. 18 . Did you readthe book yesterday? 19 . I came to your house thismorn ing but you (sing) were not at home .

V ocabu l ary .

shibai , theatre tabi -tabi , ofte nk6enchi , park tok i-dok i, sometimes

chaya, tea-house muro , greenhouse

Exercise No . 30 .

1 . Anata no 0 itoko wa mai- n ichi keenchi ye ikimasuka. 2 . \Vatakushi no itoko wa mai- n ich i koenchi yeikimasen . 3 . Itsu anata no bettc

‘

) wa koko ye k imashoka. 4 . Watakushi no betto wa koko ye kimasnmai .

5 . Anata wa kesa nan i wo shimasu ka. 6 . Watakushi

wa kesa shomotsu wo yomimasu . 7 . Tenki ga yogozaimasu. 8 . Doko ye anata wa ikimasu ka. 9 . Watakushi

wa konnichi Asakusa ye ikimasu . 10 . Nan i wo watakush i wa myonichi shimasho ka. 11 . Anata wa myon ichi sh ibai ye ikimasho. 12 . Konnichi anata no tomodachiwa watakushi no muro ye kimasumai ka. 13. Watakush i no tomodachi wa konnichi anata no muro e

ye

kimasnmai . 14. Anata wa watakushi no gej o wo itsumimashita ka. 15. Watakushi wa anata no gejo wo

Sakuj itsu mimashita.


de dare wo machimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi wa koko dewatakushi no segare wo machimasu . 13. Anata no

tomodachi wa ringo wo konomimasu ka. 14. Watakushi

no tomodachi wa ringo wo konomimasen . 15 . Anatawa n i ku wo konomimasu ka. l 6 . Watakushi wa n ikuwo konomimasen ga watakushi no segare ga konomimasu.

17 . Anata wa uketori wo kakimashita ka. 18 .Watakushi

wa uketori wo kakimashita.

1 Did you (sing) write your letters yesterday? 2 . Idid not w rite my l etters yesterday butmy friend wrote

(them). 3 . Does your (sing) sou speak the Japaneselanguage? 4 . My son speaks the Engl ish language . 5 .

Is that the man (hito) whom you (sing) saw lastn ight?

6 . That is the man whom I saw last n ight. 7 . Does

your (sing) daughter l ike appl es? 8 . My daughter l ikes

pears. 9 . Does your cousin sing a song? 10. My cousindoes not sing a song. 11 . Is th is the man who sel lsbooks? 12 . Th is is the man who sel ls books. 13 . Do

you (p lu .) wait here for your uncl e? 14. We waithere for our uncl e . 15 . That is the book wh ich Ihave sold.

V ocabul ary .

atai , price, cost obi, sash, be ltiro, co lour yen ,

dol larm ikan , orange sen , cent

When two or more nouns or pronouns are j oined by to

(and), the case- signs are p laced after the lastnominative ;thusWatakushi * to anata to ga I and you go

ik imasu

Watak ushi to watakushi no I and my f riend go to K ioto

tomodachi to ga konn ichi to-day

K ioto ye ik imasuNote the d ifference of id iom. I n Engl ish we say

“

you and I ,

but in Japanese the order is reversed (cf . Latin usage, thus Ego

cl l a,I and thou).

EXERCISES 39

E xercise No . 8 2 .

1 . Anata no tomodachi wa watakushi no zashik i womimashita ka. 2 . Watakushi no tomodachi wa mada

anata no zash iki wo mimasenanda. 3 . Watakushi to

kono musume ga Hiogo ye ikimasu . 4 . Watakushi wa

Nihon no kotoba wo hanashimasen keredomo watakushi

no segare ga hanashimasu. 5 . Anata wa ima doko ui

orimasu ka. 6 . Watakushi wa Yokohama ui orimasu .

7 . Kono kinu no atai wa i kura de gozaimasu ka. 8 .

Kono kinu no atai wa ich i yen de gozaimasu . 9 . Konomikan wa anata no de gozaimasu ka. 10. Kono mikanwa watakushi no tomodachi no de gozaimasu . 11 .

Anata no obi no i ro wa kirein i gozaimasu. 12 . Anatawa konn ichi hagaki wo anata no haha sama ye okurimasu ka. 13. Watakushi wa konnichi hagaki wo

watakushi no itoko ui okurimasu . 14 . Kesa anata washimbunshi wo mimashita ka. 15 . Watakushi wa kesamada shimbunshi wo mimasenanda. 16 . Watakushi no

segare wa kimono wo mimashita.

1 . This chi ld and I (say, I and this chi ld) go to

Hiogo. 2 . The trees which are in your (sing) gardenare very beautiful . 3 . Wil l your (sing) daughter cometo my house this even ing? 4 . My daughter w i l l cometo your house this even ing. 5 . What is the price of

this si lk? 6 . The price of that si l k is one yen fifty

sens.

* 7 . Where do you (sing) go? 8 . We go to our

cousin ’

s house . 9 . What do you (sing) do every day?10. I read n ewspapers every day . 11 . Did you (sing)receive my te legram yesterday? 12 . I received yourtelegram yesterday. 13 . This is the church (wh ich) Isaw last n ightfi r 14. I do not l ike those sashes butmyfriends l ike them . 15 . Who came here thismorn ing?16 .

The carpenter and the merchantcame here this morning.

I chi yen go-

Jiu sen . 1' See Footnote App. H. J . G . , p . 50.


V ocabul ary .

watasu, to hand over 1110, sti l l, yet, mored a ; d6zo,

*p lease to ,

door

m igaku , to polish shimeru,to fasten ,

to closeoh aj i, same makoto u i

,rea l ly, tr uly, ih

siikoshi , a little, (1 bit deed

koto,thing (abstract) kanashii , sad, sorrowfu l

mono,thing (concrete) hei , yes

onaj i koto (or mono) same iye, no

thing Nihon no, Japanese (adj)k ik6 , c limate, temperature mata, again

hana- ike, vase mai,each

, every

siiteru,to throw away dasu, to take out

, to putout

Daka and dozo, properly speak ing, sign ify“ I desire

if possible ,” “ by ho ok or by cro ok ,

” “ if it can be

manag ed,”

etc. They are comparatively l ittl e used,

the actua l sense of “p l ease

”being expressed by

kudasai,o kure or kure, placed at the end of the

phrase . K udasai, wh ose l iteral meaning is“please

condescend ” is too pol ite for use to co o l ies, etc.

(Cf . H. J . G. p .

,

Ex ercise N o . 33 .

1 . Anata no obi to watakushi no wa onaj i koto de

gozaimasu ka. 2 . Iye, watakushi no obi to anata no

wa onaj i koto de gozaimasen . 3 . To wo shimete kudasai . 4 . Anata wa konn ichi k6ench i ye ikimasenanda

ka. 5 . Hei, f watakushi wa konn ichi koch ch i ye ihima

schanda. 6 . Mai tsuki anata wa hagaki wo anata no

0 mago ui okurimasu ka. 7 . Hei,watakushi wa mai

tsuki hagaki wo watakushi no mago ui okurimasu . 8 .

D6zo kore wo shite kudasai, Please do this for me (l it. Please

this, doing condescend).

tNote the difference between the Eng. and Jap. usage of “ yes.

I n answer to a negative q uestion of this kind we should say“no (I

am not going [as you

EXERCISES 41

Kono hana- ike no midzu wo sutete kudasai . 9 Kutsu

wo dashite o kure . 10. Anata wa Hiogo ui orimashita

ka. 11 . Hei, watakushi wa Hiogo ni san nen orimashita.

12 . Anata wa Ni hon no kiko wo konomimasen ka. 13.

Hei,watakushi wa Nihon no kikt

“

) wo konomimasen .

14. D6 20 sono hon wo watashite o kure . 15 . MC sukoshi

kono gin wo migaite o kure . 16 . Itsu mata anata wa

Hakone ye ikimasu - ka . 17 . Myfinichi watakushi wa

Hakone ye ikimasu . 18 . Makoto ui kanashii koto dearimasu .

1 . Do you (sing) l ike the Engl ish cl imate? 2 . Yes,

I l ike the Engl ish cl imate . 3 . Are you not going to

the theatre to- n ight? 4 . No, (hei, see footnote App. H.

J. G . p .,

5 . Where are you l iving now? 6 . I am

l iving in Tokio . 7 . Pl ease throw away the oi l in thisteacup. 8 . Have you (sing) bought this cotton (cloth)?9 . Yes, I have bought that cotton cloth . 10. Get out

my hat please . 11 . When are you (p lu .) coming to

my school? 12 . We are coming to your school today .

13 . Kindly hand me that pen . 14 . Please pol ish thisboot a l ittl e more . 15 . Kindly close the w indow . 16 .

It is real ly a large shop. 17 . Did you (p lu .) receiveour l etter yesterday?

V ocabu l ary .

yakfisoku , promise, agree yak ii soku suru , to promise,ment make an agreement

ton, to ask say5 ,*yes ; that is so

kun i, country komban , to-night

The word to (with), mustbe placed after the nameof a person to wh om a promi se is made ; thusWatakushi wa k ono okata I promised him to

’

go to

to kombanHiogo ye iku Hiogo to- n ight

yakusoku shimashita

See H. J . G . , p . 148 .


Ex erc ise No . 34 .

1 . Anata wa konnichi dempt‘

) wo anata no kun i karauketorimashita ka. 2 . Sayo, watakushi wa dempr

’

) wo

watakushi no haha kara uketorimashita . 3 . Anata wawatakushi no tomodachi to myfinichi Hakone ye iku

yakusoku shimashita ka. 4 . Iye, watakushi wa anatano otottsan to Hakone ye iku yakusoku shimashita. 5 .

Anata wa sono koto wo anata no bettc‘

) ui toimashita

ka. 6 . Iye, watakushi wa sono koto wo madatoimase

nanda. 7 . Anata wa kesa anata no go shisoku ui

tegami wo okurimashita ka. 8 . Watakushi wa tegamiwo sakuban okurimashita. 9 . Naze anata no oba samawa konnichi watakushi no ie ye ikimasen ka. 10 . Wata

kush i no oba wa kesa Yokohama ye ikimashita karaanata no ie ye ikimasen . 11 . Anata wa kono uketori

wo dare ui watashimasu ka. 12 . Watakushi wa konouketori wo watakushi no tomodachi u i okurimasu. 13.

Itsu anata wa sono uketori wo kono okata ui watashi

mash ita ka. 14. Sakuban watakushi wa sono uketori

wo kono okata ui watashimashita,

1 . Did you (sing) promise that pe rson to go to Tokio

to- n ight? 2 . No, I did not promise that person to go

to Tokio to- n ight. 3 . From whom did you rece ive this

postcard? 4 . I received that postcard from my father .5 . Where do you (p lu .) l ive now? 6 . We l ive in Kioto.

7 . To whom do you send that receipt? 8 . I send thatreceipt to my grandchi ld. 9 . Did you ask your father(about) this matter? 10 . No, I have not asked myfather (about) this matter yet. 11 . Did you

send a te l egram to your uncl e this morn ing? 12 . Yes,

I sent a te legram to my uncl e ; 13 . Why do you not

go to your uncle’

s house? 14 . I do notgo to my uncle’

s

house because h e has gone to Asakusa . 15 . When did

you hand- over the book to this person? 16 . I handed

over that book to this person this morning.

EXERCISES 43

V ocabul ary .

j 6kisen, steamer hiru-mesh i,dinner

j 6k isha,rai lway-train bam -meshi

,supper

k ii sa, p lant, herb n oru,to ride

haeru ,to grow mata

,or

kaeru, to return (intran s) u i-do, twice

asa-meshi,breakfast san -do, thrice

Exerci se N o . 35 .

1 . Anata wa doko de watakushi no 0p wo mimashita

ka. 2 . Watakushi wa anata no oy sama wo jakisha de

mimashita. 3 . Anata wa kesa asa-mesh i de tabemashita ka. 4 . Hei

,watakushi wa kesa asa- meshi wo

tabemashita. 5 . Anata wa konnichi Tokyo kara jtikishade kimashita ka mata j 6kisen de kimashita ka. 6 .

Watakushi wa j6kisha de kimashita. 7 . Anata wa bammesh i ui itsudemo cha wo nomimasu ka. 8 . Iye ,

watakushi wa bam-mesh i n i k6hi nomimasu . 9 . Anatano 0 mago wa ikutsu de gozaimasu ka. 10.Watakushi

n o mago wa ju - ichi de gozaimasu . 11 . Anata wa hirumeshi ui nan i wo tabemasu ka. 12 . Watakushi wa

hiru—meshi ui n iku to sakana wo tabemasu . 13 . Anatano haha sama wa itsu Yokohama kara kaerimasu ka.

14. Kesa watakushi no haha wa kaerimasu . 15 . Anatawa konnichi Hiogo ye ikimasen ka. 16 . Hei

,

* watakush i wa ikimasen .

1 . What do you (sing) eat at supper? 2 . I eatfishand meat. 3 . Did you ride in the steamer often ? 4 .

No,I rode in the train twice . 5 . This morn ing I got

up early . 6 . Does your (sing) father l ike fish? 7 .

Yes, my father l ikes fish. 8 . Did you (p lu .) come hereby steamer or train? 9 . We came by train . 10. Is

your (sing) son in your house? 11 . No,my son went

to Hiogo last n ight. 12 . I have seen your (sing) aunt

See Footnote App . H. J. G . , p . 40.


in Hakone . 13 . When did you see my auntin Hakone?14. I saw your aunt three days ago . 15 . Many plantsgrow in this garden . 16 . Is (there) a rai lway in your(sing) country 17 . (There) are rai lways in my country.

18 . At what time do you (plu .) eat supper ? 19 . Weeat supper at seven o

’

clock . 20 . When will your (sing)father return from Hiogo

? 21 . My father wi l l returnto- day.

V ocabul ary .

miraremasu,

* is or are seen“

m i u i , (in order) to see

or looked at k iku, chrysanthemum

miraremashita ,was or were shiba, turf , grass, lawn

seen or looked at kish i , bank (of river)soshiraremasu,

is or are j eer kutsu -

ya, shoemaker

ed at hanahada, very

utsu,to beat

,to strike homeru, to p raise

utaremasu, is or are beaten mata wa,-

l or

Exercise No . 36 .

1 . Sono kutsu-

ya wa hito ui homeraremasn ka mata

wa soshiraremasu ka. 2 . Kono kutsu-

ya wa hito ui

homeraremasu . 3 . Kono neko wa hito ui utaremasu ka.

4 . Iye, kono neko wa h ito ui utaremasen . 5 . Kono

musume wa h ito u i miraremasu ka. 6 . Kono musumewa sakuj itsu h ito ui miraremashita. 7 . Doko de sonomusume wa hito ui miraremashita ka. 8 . Gakkt

‘

) de

miraremashita. 9 . Kesa tenk i ga ya gozaimasu ka,

sh iba ga kireini gozaimasho . 10. Anata wa kiku mi

ui ikimashita ka. 11 . \Vatakushi wa j6k isha de kikumi ui ik imashita. 12 . Dare ga yuri mi ui ikimasu ka .

13 . Watakushi no tomodachi to watakushi ga yu ri mi

See H. J . G . , p . 97 et s e q .

1 When two or more nouns or pronouns are connected by mata

wa , the postposition he is placed after the nouns or pronouns ; thus,

Watakushi ka mata wa anata ka ga mairimasu ,I or you go.


Ex erci se N o . 3 7 .

1 . Anata. wa hagaki ga kakemasu . 2 . Watakushi wa

tegami ga kakemasu . 3 . Konn ichi tera ye anata wa

ikemasu ka. 4 . Hei, watakushi wa konnichi tera ye

iku koto ga dekimasu . 5 . Sokon i chawan ga arimasu

ka. 6 . Iye, kokon i chawan wa arimasen . 7 . Anata wakono chiisana hai wo mi ru koto ga dekimasu ka. 8 . Iye,

sono hai wa miemasen . 9 . Mata anata wa Hiogo ye

ikimasu ka. 10. Hei, watakushi wa, yfij i ga arimasu

kara (because), Hiogo ye ikimasu . 11 . Anata wa Hiogokara (from) hayaku kaeru koto ga dekimasu ka. 12 .

Iye, watakushi wa hayaku kaeru koto ga dekimasen .

13 . Anata wa kono kagaki wo yomu koto ga dekimasuka. 14. Iye, watakushi wa sono hagaki wo yomu kotoga dekimasen . 15 . Konnichi anata wa yuri mi ui ikukoto ga dekimasu ka. 16 . Watakushi wa konnichi yurimi ui iku koto ga dekimasu . Anata wa tadaima

Tokyo ye iku kotoga dekimasu ka. 18 . Watakushi wa

itsudemo ikemasu .

1 . Was this cat beaten by the gir l last night? 2 .

Yes, this cat was beaten l astn ight. 3 . Have you (sing)any business this morn ing? 4 . No

,I have notany busi

ness . 5 . Can you (sing) read th is tel egram? 6 . I canread thatte legram. 7 . Can you (plu .) go to London ina steamer? 8 . Yes, we can go to London in a steamer .9 . Can you (sing) go to see the chrysanthemums everymorn ing? 10. I can go to see the chrysanthemumsevery morning. 11 . Where do you go every even ing?12 . I go to see the chrysanthemums every even ing.

13 . Can you see this? 14. I can see this. 15 . Can you

(sing) go to Kioto today? 16 . I can go (there) immedi

ate ly. 17 . Can you read this Japanese word? 18 . Yes,

I can read (it). 19. Can you (sing) write a post- cardto- day? 20 . Yes

,I can write a postcard today.

EXERCISES 47

V ocabu lary .

iku koto ga dek ima cou ld inak a, country (as opposed

shita ; ikemashi’

ta go to town)mushi , insect sakura, cherry-tree

kari,hunting (the chase) Igirisu ; E ik oku ,

England

Doitsu,Germany yuri, li ly

Ex ercise N o . 38 .

1 . Anata wa mainichi kari ui iku koto ga dekimasuka. 2 . Iye, watakushi wa mainichi kari u i iku kotowa dekimasen . 3 . Anata wa kono hagaki wo yomukoto ga dekimashita ka. 4 . Hei

,sono hagaki wo yomu

koto ga dekimashita. 5 . Anata wa konnichi tera yeikemasu ka. 6 . Iye, watakushi wa konnichi ikemasen .

7 . Anata wa sono mush i wo yoku mi ru koto ga dekimashita ka. 8 . Hei, watakushi wa sore wo yoku mirukoto ga dekimashita. 9 . Anata wa sakuban Hiogo ye

iku koto ga dekimashita ka. 10. Hei,dekimashita.

11 . Itsu anata wa inaka ye iku koto ga dekimasu ka.

12 . Kesa watakushi wa ikimasu . 13 . Anata wa kesainaka ye iku koto ga dekimasu ka. 14. Iye, kesawatakushi wa iku koto ga dekimasen . 15 . Anata wasakuj itsu yuri mi ui iku koto ga dekimashita. 16 .

Sakuj itsu yuri mi ui iku koto ga dekimashita .

1 . Why could you (sing) not go to see the cherrytrees yesterday? 2 . I cou ld not go to see the cherrytrees yesterday because I had business (say, because

(there) was business). 3. When you (p lu .) were inEngland did you go to London ? 4 . Yes, when we werein England we went to London . 5 . When you werein Hiogo, were you abl e (cou ld you) to go to see the

park? 6 . When I was in Hioge I wentin a train to seethe park . 7 . When did you go to a tai l or? 8 . I went

to a tai lor yesterday. 9 . Were you abl e (cou ld you)to go to a shoemaker yesterday? 10 . Yes, I was abl e


to go to a shoemaker yesterday. 11 . Atwhattime can

you go to Hakone today? 12 . I can go to Hakone

immediately. 13. How did you go to Hakone ? I4 .

I went in a train .

V ocabu l ary .

ik u koto gaikemash6

wi l l or sha l l be able to go

iku k oto ga dek imasumal

ikemasumaiwi l l or shal l notbe able to go

tsuyoi, strong time no hana, p lum-bossom

rai -nen , nextyear hashi , bridgerek ishi, history wataru, to traverse (ocean ,

iime, p lum etc .)fime-no-k i, p lum-tree kaze, wind (wh ich blows)

Exerci se No . 39 .

1 . Anata wa ume no hana wo mimashita ka. 2 .

Iye, watakushi wa ume no hana wo mimasen ga (but)kiku no hana wo mimashita. 3 . Myfinichi watakushi

wa sakura no hana wo mi ru koto ga dekimash'

b'

ka.

4. Hei, anata wa myonichi sakura no hana wo mi rukoto ga dekimasho. 5 . Mybnichi watakushi domo wa

yuri no hana wo miru koto ga dekimasho ka. 6 . Anata

gata wa myonichi yuri no hana wo mi ru koto ga

dekimasnmai . 7 . Anata wa Igirisu no kotoba wo hanasukoto ga dekimasu ka. 8 . Watakushi wa Igirisu no

kotoba wo sukoshi banasu koto ga dekimasu . 9 . Mya

n ich i j6kisen de umi wo wataru koto ga dekimasho ka.

10. Hei, my6nichi anata wa jc‘

ikisen de wate rn koto gadekimasho. 11 . Umi wo jokisen de wataru koto ga

dekimasu ka. 12 . Konnichi anata wa jfikisen de waternkoto ga dekimasen . 13 . Naze kesa wataru koto ga

dekimasen . 14 . Kesa wa kaze ga tsuyt'

) gozaimasu kara

(because), dekimasen . 15 . Anata wa hash i wo koshiraeru koto ga dekimasu ka. 16 . Hei, watakushi wa

hash i wo koshiraeru koto ga dek imasu .

EXERCISES 49

1 . Wil l you (plu .) be abl e to go to Hakone next

year? 2 . We shal l notbe able to go toHakone nextyear .3 . Shal l we be abl e to go to Yokohama in a steamerto- morrow? 4. We shal l be abl e to go to Yokohamain a steamer to-morrow . 5 . Wil l you be abl e to see

that tai lor this even ing? 6 . Yes, I shal l be abl e tosee that tai lor this even ing. 7 . Have you seen thatbeauti ful gir l ? 8 . I have seen that beautifu l gi rl . 9 .

Wil l you be able to go to the co l lege to-morrow?10. Yes, I shal l be able to go to the col lege to- morrow.

11 . Wil l your friend be abl e to go to Asakusa to- n ight?

12 . Yes, my friend w i l l be abl e to go to Asakusa to

n ight. 13 . Shal l we be abl e to cross the river today?14. Wil l you (sing) be abl e to read this history to

morrow?V ocabu l ary .

kiku koto *

to hearike ! go ! (command)

k l k i n l‘r ite kudasai l go ! (entreaty)

yomu koto,to read

mai - ban , every eveni ng

yom1 11 1, f q , ladym iru koto koe , voice

to see a

m1 111, tezuma-tsukal , conj urer, j ug

soko, there gler

miro l é see! (command) moshi . . . nara ifmite kudasai lé see ! (entreaty) enzetsu ,

lecture, speech

Ex erci se No . 40 .

1 . Anata wa doko ye rekishi wo yomi ui ikimasu ka.

2 . Watakushi wa rekishi wo yomi u i gakko ye ikimasu .

3. Anata wa Hiogo ye ikimasu nara,watakushi no segare

no ie ye ite kudasai . 4 . Anata wa uta wo kiku koto

See H. J . G . , pp . 56 , 83.

1 This form of the Infinitive Mood is employed when itis governed

by an intransitive verb . (See l st sentence of the next exercise).

See App . H. J . G ., p . 40 and H. J . G . , p . 90.

Moshi anata ga ik imasu nara, If you go. Often the word moshi

is omitted ; thus, Anata ga ikimasu nara. (See H. J . G ., p .

App . Jap an ese Grammar . 4


wo* sukimasu ka. 5 . Hei, watakushi wa uta wo kikukoto wo sukimasu . 6 . Kore wo miro l 7 . Kore womite kudasai l 8 . Soko ye i ke ! 9 . Soko ye ite kudasai !10. Tezuma—tsukai wo miru koto * wa hanahada omo

shin“

) gozaimasu . 11 . Anata wa kesa yoj i ga gozaimasennara

,watakushi no tegami wo mite kudasai . 12 . Anata

wa itsu uguisu no koe wo kik i n i ikimasu ka. 13 .

Watakushi wa uguisu no koe wo mai- ban k ik i ui ikimasu . 14. Igirisu no musume wa gakko ye iku kotowo sukimasu ka. 15 . Hei

,Igirisu no musume wa gakko

ye iku koto wo sukimasu . 16 . Anata wa shibai ye ikukoto wo sukimasu ka. 17 . Hei, watakushi wa sh ibai

ye iku koto wo sukimasu . 18 . Enzetsu wo kiku kotowa hanahada yo gozaimasu . 19 . Anata wa fuj in no koewo kiku koto wo suk imasu ka. 20. Watakushi wa fuj inno koe wo kiku koto wo sukimasu .

1 . Do you l ike to go to the park every day? 2 . Yes,

I l ik e to do so. 3 . I f you go to Kioto kindly go to myfriend’s house . 4. Look at (entreaty) that bird ! 5 .

Where do you (sing) go to read the newspaper? 6 .

Wil l you be able to go to see the l i l i es to-morrowmorn ing? 7 . I shal l not be abl e to go to see the l i l iesbecause I have business (there is busin ess). 8 . Do you

l ike to read histories? 9 . Yes, I l i ke to read h istories.

10. Look atthat l ady (command)! 11 . Does your cousinl ike to hear an amusing l ecture? 12 . Yes, my cousinl ikes to hear an amusing l ecture . 13 . I f you come tomy school

,look at (entreaty) my book . 14. Do you

often go to see a conjurer? 15 . I do not often go to

see a conjurer,but I l ike to see a conjurer . 16 . Wil l

you be abl e to go to hear a lecture today? 17 . No,

I shal l notbe able to do so. 18 . See thatbi rd (entreaty)!

When used substantively the Infin itive Mood is fol lowed bythe postpositions just as an ordinary noun .

EXERCI SES 51

V ocabu lary .

o ide nasaru,to go o ide nasareta,

wentor has

0 ide nasaren ,do or does gone

notgo o ide nasarenanda,did notgo

The above forms are used to address the second

person when respect is intended to be sh own ;* thus :

Doko ye anata wa o ide Where do you go?nasaru ka

instead of Doko ye anata wa ikimasu ka.

In l ik e manner are used the fol lowing

o k irai nasaru , to dislike o k ik i nasaru , to hear

o kangae nasaru,to think 0 tazan e nasaru ,

to seek

o yom i nasaru,to read 0 uketori nasaru ,

to receive

0 koshirae nasaru,to make 0 n omi nasaru ,

to drink

goran nasaru, to see o ai nasaru ,to meet

Exercise No . 4 1 .

1 . Anata wa kono chiisai neko wa o kirai nasaru ka.

2 . Iye, watakushi wa sono neko wo sukimasu . 3 . Kesaanata wa tegami wo o yomi nasaru ka. 4 . Hei, watakushi wa tegami wo yomimasu . 5 . Anata wa kesadoko ye o ide nasaru ka. 6 . Watakushi wa Hakone yeikimasu . 7 . Konn ichi anata wa watakushi no hagaki

wo uketori nasareta ka. 8 . Hei,watakushi wa anata

no hagaki wo konn ichi uketorimashita. 9 . Anata wasakuban Hiogo ye o ide nasareta ka. 10. Iye, watakushi wa sakuban Hiogo ye ikimasenanda. 11 . Soko deanata wa nan i wo otazune nasaru ka. 12 . Watakushi

wa watakushi no segare no fune wo tazunemasu . 13.

Anata wa sakuban Yokohama ye o ide nasareta ka.

14 . Iye, watakushi wa sakuban Yokohama ye ikimasenanda. 15 . Anata ga kono kireina tokei wo okoshirae

See H. J . G . , p . 164.


nasareta ka. 16 . Hei,watakushi ga koshiraemashita.

17 . Anata wa cha wo o nomi nasaru ka. 18 . Iye,

watakushi wa '

cha wo nomimasen . 19 . Anata wa nan iwo sakuban goran naserete ka. 20 . Watakushi wa

sakuban yuri wo mimashita. 21 . Anata wa Sakuj itsu

omoshiroi enzetsu wo o kiki nasareta ka. 22 . Hei,

sakuj itsu watakushi wa omoshiroi enzetsu wo kikimashita.

1 . Did you receive my te legram yeste rday? 2 . I didnot receive your tel egram yesterday. 3 . Did you makethat beauti ful boat? 4 . Yes

,I made that boat. 5 .

What (do) do you think of this? 6 . I think this good

(yoi to). 7 . What do you think (about) every morn ing?

8 . I think of something about the pictures (ye no kotowe). 9 . Did you hear an interesting l ecture lastn ight?

10 . Yes, I heard an interesting l ecture last n ight. 11 .

Did you not see the beautifu l flowers in Tokio ? 12 .

I saw the beautifu l flowers in Tokio . 13. What do

you drink every n ight? 14. I drink coffee every n ight.15 . Did you not drink w ine last n ight? 16 . I drankw ine last n ight. 17 . Do you go to see a groom today

?

18 . No, I go to see a tai lor . 19 . What did you readthis morn ing? 20 . I read (past tense) an amusingbook this morn ing. 21 . Did you disl i ke the park of

Hakone? 22 . I did not disl ike it. 23 . Have you not

seen this book yet? 24 . No,I have not seen (it).

V ocabul ary .

o ide nasaru koto ga dek i yak ii sha, actor

masu, can go gedai , title (of play, etc.)0 ide nasaru koto ga deki tok oro, p lace, loca litymasen , cannotgo odori , dancing,

a dance

0 ide nasaru koto ga dek i tezuma, j uggling , j ugglerymashita, cou ld go kembutsu-n in

,spectators

o ide nasaru koto ga dek i ekak i , artist

masenanda,cou ld notgo uchi , house (own)


1 . What pictures did you see th is morn ing? 2 . Whopainted

‘

them? 3 . An artist cal l ed Tanaka paintedthem . 4 . Were you abl e to go to the town cal led Osaka

yesterday? 5 . Yes,I was able to go (there). 6 . Cou ld

you not go to see the dancing last n ight? 7 . No,* I

could not go to see the dancing, but I went to see a

juggler . 8 . Were you able to go to see the conjuringyesterday? 9 . No

,I was not abl e to go to see the

conjuring yesterday, but I saw the dancing. 10. Did

you return to your house after that? 11 . No, I wentto (see) a theatre after that. 12 . Which (doko no)theatre did you go to? 13. I went to a theatre inTokio. 14 . What is the titl e? 15 . It is a piece cal l ed“ Kanzen - Yawa .

”

15 . Is it interesting? 16 . That isthe l etter which you read yesterday. 17 . What is thisbook cal led? 18 . It is cal led “ Botan doro.

V ocabul ary .

street m ij ikai, short(not long)mairu , to go (humble) takai , high ; dear (in price)sayo, so, j ust so atsui , thick

b itoi,broad, wide nagai , long (notshort)

k i wo tsiikeru,to pay atten kami , paper

tion,to take care agemasu ,1 give you ,

him,etc.

kata i , hard, stifl‘

yarimasu

k itai , strange, queer (l ess pol ite)tara. cod-fish michi , road , way


1 . Dozo mo sukoshi kami wo kudasai . 2 . Dozo ki

wo tsukete kudasai . 3 . Takaku § shite kudasai . 4.

See App . H. J . G .

, p . 40.

1' Watakushi wa kono hana wo anata ui agemasu, [ give this

flower to you . D62 0 sono hana wo kudasai, p lease give thatflower

to me.

Kataku shite kudasai, p lease mak e it hard . (See H. J . G. , pp .

116—119 .

EXERCISES 55

Mij ikaku shite kudasai. 5 . Motto atsuku sh ite kudasai .6 . Motto hiroku shite kudasai . 7 . Makoto ni kitai de

gozaimasu . 8 . Nago goiaimasu ka. 9 . Hiro gozaimasuka. 10 . Kore wa anata no ko (chi ld) desu ka. 11 .

Hei,sayo de gozaimasu . 12 . Ikutsu desu ka. 13. Chodo

nanatsu mi {narimasu 14. Myonichi wa are no tanjobide gozaimasu . 15 . Gakko ye o ide nasaru ka. 16 . Hei

,

Totsuka cho no gakko ye mairimasu . 17 . Kono honwa ikura desu ka. 18 . Ni yen san - jfi go sen de gozaimasu. 19 . Kono sakana wa nan

’

desu ka. 20. Tarade gozaimasu . 21 . Konnichi wa hirumeshi wo ichi - j in i tabemasho .

1 . What meat is this? 2 . It is beef . 3 . How muchis this si l k? 4 . It is three yen thirty sen . 5 . Weshal l h ave our breakfast this morn ing at 8 o

’

cl ock . 6 .

Is this your daughter? 7 . Yes, she is (it is so). 8 .

Does she go to school? 9 . Yes, she goes to school in

Hongo Street. 10. How old is she? 11 . She is justeight. 12 . To- day is her bi rthday. 13. That is indeedinteresting. 14. Hand me thatthick book , please . 15 . I

give you this white flower . 16 . Pl ease give me thatlong wal king- stick . 17 . K indly make it short. 18 .

Please make it shorter 19 . Pl ease pay attention . 20.

Did you paint that beautiful picture? 21 . Wil l you

(p lu .) be abl e to go to Asakusa next year? 22 . We

shal l be abl e to do so (Dekimasho).

V ocabul ary .

katana,sword minato, port, harbour

k orosu , to ki l l mo sakoshi , a little more

When two (or more) verbs in an Engl ish sentenceare jo ined by the conjuncti on “

and,

”all the verbs in

Motto atsuku shite kudasai, p lease make itthicker . (8 09 H. J . G

p .


the Japanese translati on, except the last, assume the

gerundial (or in the classical language , the indefinite)form ; thusWatakushi wa Hakone ye itte, yuri wo mite , sore

kara kaerimasho,I shall go to Hakone

,see the l ilies

and then come back .

E x ercise N o . 44 .

1 . Sore wa watakushi ga mita yuri de gozaimasu .

2 . Watakushi wa kono hagaki wo keite l okurimasu . 1L

3 . Kore wa Tokubei ga kaita l ye (picture) de gozaimasu ka. 4 . Iye, sore wa Komuro to in ekaki ga kaita

ye de gozaimasu . 5 . IVatakushi wa sore wo itte i’

mimasho. 6 . Sore wa watakushi ga kita 3 enzetsu de

gozaimasu . 7 . Anata wa kesa Toky o made aruite 4 oidenasaru ka. 8 . Hei, watakushi s e kesa Tokyo madearuite ikimasu . 9 . Anata wa Hakone ye o ide naseretetokini yuri wo goran nasareta ka. 10. Iye, watakushi

ga Hakone ye itta 2 tokini yuri wa madagozarimasenanda.

11 . Sono musume ga kono neko wo tataite 5 koroshimashita. 12 . Kono hito ga sono inu wo katana de tsuite 6koroshimashita. 13 . Watakushi wa komban soko ye

itte 2 sono n iwa wo mimasho. 14. Watakushi wa sakuj itsu Hiogo ye itte sone fuj in wo mimashita. 15 . PVata

kush i ga Yokohama ye ikimashita tokin i minato n i

takusan jbkisen ga orimashita. 16 . Kore wa watakushi

ga sakuban aruita 4 mich i de gozaimasu .

1 . This merchant has beaten 5 this cat and ki l l ed it.2 . I h eard 3 the song and came back . 3 . I w ent?there

That is the lily (which) I have seen .

1 I shal l write this postcard and send (it).

1 kaku, top aint, to wr ite (see H. J . G . , p . 2 iku, to go. 3 kiku,

to hear . 4 aruku ,to wa lk . 5 tataku , to knock , to beat. 6 tsuku,

to stab.

EXERCISES 57

heard l that song and came back . 4 . I shal l go 2 there,to- night, hear 1 that song and come back . 5 . I shal l

paint3 a picture and send it to my son . 6 . When Iw ent to Asakusa

,I saw a smal l bi rd in the garden .

7 . I w ent to Hakone and saw the l i l i es. 8 . This gi rlheard that story and cried.

4 9 . That is the song Iheard yesterday. 10 . That is the postcard I wrote l astn ight. 11 . That is the l etter we w rote . 12 . Is th is the

gir l who cried? 13 . Please take care of this ch i ld. 14 .

Who wrote this l etter? 15 . That is the l etter Seibunw rote . 16 . Who sent that picture? 17 . My father

painted and sent it to me . 18 . Pl ease give me a l ittl emore meat? 19 . That is not the chi ld who cried

yesterday .

V ocabu lary .

kabe,mud-wal l y0j 1, tooth

-brush

asagao, convolvu lus tanoshimu,to enj oy

saj i , spoon setomono, porcelainshashin

, photograph warau ,to laugh

meirei , order (to servant) kesa, this morn ing

E x ercise N o . 4 5

1 . Sore wa watakushi ga kono hon-

ya de katta 5 shomotsu de gozaimasu . 2 . Kore wa watakushi ga sakuban

katta shash ih de gozaimasu . 3 . Sakuban watakushi ga

katta saj i wo kesa ushinaimashita. 4 . Watakushi wa

sono setomono wo katte,5 kono fuj in ni tanonde

,6 wata

kush i no segare n i okurimasho . 5 . Anata wa konobudo- shu wo kononde 7 o nomi nasaru ka. 6 . Wata

kush i wa kononde nomimasu . 7 . Kono hito wa maiasakono tokoro ye kite budo- shu -wo nonde 8 tanoshimi

masu. 8 . Kore wa watakushi ga nonda 8 budo- shu de

1 kiku, to hear . 2 . iku , to go. 3 kaku . to p aint. 4 naku

, to cry

or weep . 5 kau, to buy (see H . J . G .

, p . 6 . tanomu, to rely

on (see H. J . G. , p . 7 . konomu,to like. 8 . nomu , to dr ink .


gozaimasu . 9 . Watakushi wa sono koto wo kite l (orkiite), hagaki ui kaite okurimashita. 10 . Watakushi wa

mich i de sono h ito n i atte 2 enzetsu wo kikimashita.

11 . Kono hito wa watakushi ga sakuban Hiogo de atta.‘

2

h ito de gozaimasu . 12 . Kireina asagao ga kabe n i

hatte 3 orimasu . 13 . Watakushi wa anata no meirei ni

shitagatte4 kono koto wo shimasho. 14. Kono gejo wa

anata no meiro l n i shitagatte kesa kono tokoro ye kimash ita. 15 . Kore wa watakushi ga sakuban ushinatta 5

ybj i de gozaimasu .

1 . That is the photograph I bought6 in the shop lastn ight. 2 . I bought that spoon in this shop and sent itto you th is morn ing. 3 . That is the merchant I met2

in the park yesterday. 4 . I shall obey 4 your order anddo this matter . 5 . Does this lady l i ke 7 tea and drinkmuch? 6 . Yes

,this lady l ikes tea and drinks much .

7 . This shoemaker has beaten this cat w ith a rope,stabbed itw ith a sword, and then ki l led it. 8 . This isthe town where I came this morn ing. 9 . That gir lheard this song and cried . 10. This gi rl heard an

amusing l ecture and laughed. 11 . What did you w ritein the telegram wh ich you sent to your father? 12 .

‘Nhat did you see when you went to Tokio? 13. Isaw pictures when I went to Tok io . 14 . This is thewatch I bought last n ight at Yokohama.

V ocabu l ary .

issho n i , together mochiron , certain ly, of course

to ,with sore kara, then

, f rom then

agaru ,to eat(pol ite) f rom that

yfibin -kyok u , post- office oboeru ,

to remember

yfibin,mai l, post shitak u , preparations

masu ,to increase (intrans ) shitaku wo suru,

to prepare,

wasureru , to f orget make ready

hanj i , j udge bassuru, to punish

1 k iku, to hear 2 . an, to meet. 3 ban, to creep . 4 shitagau, to

obey . 5 ushinau, to buy 7 honomu; to l ike.

EXERCISES 59


1 . Watakushi wa ano h ito to issho mi ikimasu . 2 .

Watakushi wa tadaima hagaki wo kaite l yfi bin- kyoku

ye okurimashita. 3 . Sakuban anata wo hometa 2 h ito wasono h ito de gozaimasu. 4 . Sore kara ano h ito wa uchi

ye ik imashita. 5 . Mochiron watakushi wa so omoima

shita. 6 . Yuki ga tokete,3 i ke no midzu ga mashima

shita . 7 . Kore wa watakushi ga kesa uketotta 4 hagaki

de gozaimasu . 8 . Rekishi wo yoku yonde 5 kangaeta

musume wa yonda 5 koto wo wasuremasen . 9 . Maiasa

watakushi wa kono tokoro ye kite , kireina sakura no

hana wo mite 6 tanoshimimasu . 10. Anata wa gozen wo

agarimashita ka. 11 . Hei, ima h iru- mesh i wo tabemashita . 12 . Watakushi wa kesa bayeku ok ite

,7 shitaku

wo shite,8 kaerimasho. 13 . O Matsu san wa omoshiroi

onna de arimasu . 14 . Watakushi wa kono machi nito

’

matte 9 komban kaerimasho .

1 . Shal l we go together to the school? 2 . Did you

receive this book and read it last n ight? 3 . I received

this book lastn ightand read itto- day. 4 . Who pun ishedthat man? 5 . The judge pun ished thatman . 6 . Wil lyou have (eat) your dinner? 7 . Yes, I w i l l have mydinner now . 8 . Is this the street (where) I have losta watch and sought it last n ight? 9 . Yes

,this is the

place where you have lost your watch . 10 . Of coursethe merchant thought so. 11 . I shal l stay here, see

this town, and then return . 12 . Does this lady read

that history and remember (it) wel l? 13 . Yes,that lady

reads that history, remembers itwe l l and tel ls the gi r lwhat she has read (yonda koto). 14. O Haru san is a

very beauti fu l gir l . 15 . Th is man goes to the col l egeand bears the l ecture . 16 . I boughtthat book in thisshop and sent it to my mother .1 kaku, to wr ite. 2 homeru

, to p raise. 3 tokeru, to melt. 4

uketoru, to receive. 5 yomu, to read. 6 miru, to see. 7 okiru, to

ri se. 8 suru, to do. 9 . tomaru . to stay .

P A R T I I .

Nora—The Exercises in this part are considerably more difii cult

than those preceding, but nothing has been included butwhatis

explained in Hossfeld’

s Japanese Grammar or in previous pages

of the presentwork , and ithas been deemed advisable, chieflyin the interests of those who may be studying withoutthe aid

of a master, to append to each Exercise an English translation

in which,whenever ithas been possible to render ade q uately a

Japanese idiom, the Engl ish e q uivalent has been given rather

than the strictly l iteral form of the phrases.

V ocabu lary .

dekak eru, to startofi'

} to go n i tsuite, about(re latively to)out gurai, (approxim

k ikoeru,to be audible

,to be ately)

able to hear o tomo suru, to accompanytsumori , intention itadaku

,

* to receive

Exercise N o . 47 .

1 . Eigo de wa kore wa nan’

to l imasu ka.

yobi nasaimashita ka. 3. Iye, yobimasen . 4 . Matakimash6 . 5 . Mata o ide nasai t 6 . Yokohama madeno chinsen wa ikura? 7 . Ano h ito ni watashite kudasai .8 . Komban tenki ga yokereba, Hiogo ye iko. 9 . O ide

nasaru naraba, o tomo shimashG. mi tsuite, do

omoimasu ka. 11 . Dono gurai desu ka. Ni sen gurai .Hachi ri gurai . 12 . Waru i no § da. 13. Ippai o agarinasaimasen ka. 14 . Arigato gozaimasu,

15 . Arigatb, itadakimasen . 16 . Komban dekakeru tsumori

17 . Omoshiroku kikoemasu . 18 .

’

Kikoemasen ka.

Translation —1 . What do you cal l this in Engl ish ?2 . Did you cal l (to me)? 3 . No

,I did notcal l (to you).

See H . J . G .

, pp . 98, 99 . 1 See H. J . G . , pp. 166, 167.

See H. J . G, p . 43 . See H. J . G. , pp . 92, 106 .


1 . Kindly transl ate this into Japanese . 2 . This is

not translated wel l . 3. There is no oi l in the l amp.

4 . Has the mai l- boat arrived? 5 . Neither (of them) isgood. 6 . I want neither of them. 7 . Which (of thetwo) do you think w i l l be the better? 8 . Either (ofthem) wi l l do . 9 . Here is my passport. 10. Kindlyreturn my passport. 11 . My passport is in my box.

12 . Pl ease read this. 13. I have read this al ready.

14. What did you say? 15 . What is this th ing cal led?

16 . Everybody says so . 17 . Can you do this? 18 .

When can you do it? 19 . This key does not fit the

lock . 20. These gloves do not fit properly.

V ocabu lary .

motte kuru,to bring (th ings) osoi, late

koshiraeru,to make . rusu desi’i or imasen , is

haishaku suru,to borrow g

bsent

kari ru, shitaku wo suru,togetready

5kisa,size mekura, blind (of sight)

motte iku,to take away, to shita, downstairs

carry tash‘i ka n i, certain ly

meishi,visiting-card haya-tsiik egi , match (lucifer)

sumu,to dwe l l kasa, umbrel la

Ex ercise No . 49 .

1 . Kami wo motte k ite o kure . 2 . Ano h ito wa

orimasen . 3 . Ni sen wo haishaku shitai . 4 . Ano katawa kane wo kari ni kimashita. 5 . Kagi wo koshiraetemoraitai . 6 . Osoku kaerimashita. 7 . Dare ga kore woshimashita ka. Watakushi ga shimashita. 8 . Shitaku

sh ite kudasai . 9 . Sakuban made shitaku ga dekimasu .

10. Okisa wa dono kurai desu ka. 11 . Kono okisa ni

sh ite kudasai . 12 . Ano o kata wamekura de gozaimasu .

13. Dare ga watakushi no kasa wo motte ikimashitaka. 14. Watakushi ga sh ita ye motte mairimashita.

15 . Motto ikimasho ka. 16 . Kore wo sh ita n i motte

EXERCISES 63

itte kudasaru koto ga dekimasho ka. 17 . Meish i momotte ikimasho. 18 . Kore wa tash ika ni watakushi

domo ni desu ka. 19 . Tashika ni 56 de gozaimasu .

20 . Haya- tsukegi wa doko n i arimasu ka. 21 . Koko n iarimasu . 22 . Doko mi sunde * irassharu?

1 . Pl ease bring me some paper . 2 . He is absent.

3 . I want to borrow two sen . 4 . He has cal led to

borrow (some) money. 5 . I w ish to have a key made .6 . I returned late . 7 . Who did this? I did it. 8 .

Please get ready. 9 . I can get (or get it) ready byto- n ight. 10. What is about the size? 11 . Pl easemake it th is size . 12 . That person is bl ind. 13. Whohas taken my umbrel la? 14 . I took it downstairs.

15 . Shal l I take it away? 16 . Can you carry th isthing downstai rs for me? 17 . I musttake some visitingcards. 18 . Is it certain that this is for us? 19. It is

certain ly so. 20. Where are the matches? 21 . Herethey are . 22 . Where do you l ive?

V ocabul ary .

naosu , to mend, to a lter kowasu,to break

m izu- n omi,tumbler (glass) hach i

,bowl

, pot

isogashii, busy tais6 , greatly, much, very

dake, as as mina, allmoyasu ,

to burn (trans) konogoro, lately, recentlyk itto, positively, wi thoutf ai l kawaru

,to change (trans)

atsui, hot sakari , in fu ll bloom,in fu ll

k injitsu,in a f ew days

yube, yesterday eve ning shibaraku, for some time

Exercise N o . 50 .

1 . Anata wa konogoro Hakone ye o ide nasarimashitaka. 2 . Iye, shibaraku mairimasen . 3 . Chodo ima sakuraga sakari de gozaimasu . 4 . Watakushidomo mo kinj itsu

See H. J . G . , pp . 66 .


5 . Doka kore wo naoshite kudasai . 6 .

m ae wo naoshite moraitai . 7 . Kono kimono wa sukoshinaosanakereba. 8 . Dekiru dake bayeku naoshite kudasai .

9 . Watakushi wa mizu- nomi wo kowashimashita. 10.

Anata wa hachi wo kowashimashita ka. 11 . Konotegami wo mina moyashite kudasai . 12 . Kitto minamoyashite kudasai . 13 . O isogashifi gozaimasu ka. 14 .

O isogashun ara yoroshiu gozaimasu. 15 . Ano okata wakonogoro taiso kawarimashita. 16 . Yube wa te isaatsukatta.

1 . Have you been to Hakone lately? 2 . No, I havenot been for some time . 3 . Just now the cherry- treesare in ful l bloom. 4 . We, too, shal l go in a few days.

5 . Please mend this. 6 . I wish to have the lock repaired.

7 . This dress must be altered a l ittle . 8 . Please alterit as soon as you can . 9 . I have broken my tumbl er .10. Did you break the bow l? 11 . Pl ease burn al l theseletters. 12 . Be sure to burn them all . 13. Are youbusy? 14. I f you are busy, it does notmatter . 15 .

She has changed very much recently. 16 . Itwas veryhot yesterday evening.

V ocabul ary .

chiimon,order (at Shep) sh5bai

,business

,occupation

midzu,

* water (co ld) n iru ; udern,to boi l (sol id

yu , (hot) things)kazoeru, to count wakasu ,

to boi l (water)hambun , ha lf money)k iise, bad habit, trick atsuraeru, to order (atshop,

zehi , positively, rea l ly etc .)s5dan

,consu ltation ry5ri , cooking (process)

s5dan suru,to consu lt ry6ri suru, to cook

Very cold water is termed hyakkoi miden and hiya . Women

say 0 hiya for “cold water.

” Water for washing the hands is

cal led chadza n o yu .

EXERCISES 65

E x ercise No . 5 1 .

1 . Hon ga ikutsu arimasu ka choito kazoete kudasai .

2 . Mina kazoenai no desh5 . 3 . Midzu wo motte kiteo kure . 4 . O yu ga wak imashita. 5 . O yu ga madawakimasen . 6 . O yu ga waita ka. 7 . Kono koto waano h ito to sodan shite kudasai . - 8 . Chotto anata no

hasami de kore wo k itte kudasai . 9 . Hambun ni kittekudasai . 10. O tsuri ga gozaimasu ka. 11 . Watakushi

wa zeh i kono kuse wo naoshitai to omoimasu . 12 . Ano

hito wa ryor i ga dekimasu ka. 13 . Ano h ito no shabaiwa nan

’

desu ka. 14 . Daiku de gozaimasu . 15 . Korewa tashika n i watakushi ga chfimon shita no de wa nai

yo desu . 16 . Watakushi wa kore wo atsuraemasen .

17 . Chi—imon suru koto ga dekinai . 18 . Chumon

1 . Please count how many books there are . 2 . I donot think you have counted them all . 3. Bring mesome water pl ease . 4 . The hot water is ready. 5 . The

hot water is not ready yet. 6 . Is the hotwater ready?

7 . Kindly consu lt w ith him about this matter . 8 . Cut

this w ith your scissors pl ease . 9 . Please cut it in hal f.10. Have you any change?11 . I mustreal ly cure myself ofthis bad habit. 12 . Can thatman cook? 13. What isthat man ’

s trade? 14 . He is a carpenter . 15 . Th is isqu ite different from what I ordered. 16 . I did not

order this. 17 . I cannot give you an order . 18 . I wi l l

give you an order .V ocabu lary .

hei, f ence, hedge ashita, to-morrow

kwaid5 . meeting-house, ash‘

ita no asa, to-morrow

church, chapel morn ing

zann en ,

*regret, sorrow (for tabun , perhaps, probably

on e’

s own sake) myfigon ichi, day after to

k inodoku,

regret,sorrow(for morrow

another) hoka u i , besid es

See H. J . G . , p . 156 .



chikai , near itsu k a, some time (or other)chikai uch i , soon mada

,sti l l

dare ka, somebody (or other) tsumori, intention

Exercise No . 5 2 .

1 . Makoto n i o kinodoku sama de gozaimasu . 2 .

Zannen desu ga ashita no asa wa isogashiu gozaimasu .

3. Daiku n i hei wo naosasetai desu . 4 . Nan i ka madahoka ni naosaseru mono ga arimasu. 5 . Anata wa

watakushi no agemashita hon wo o yomi ni marimashita ka. 6 . Kesa wa kwaido n1 osoku narimashita.

7 . Anata wa kwaidf) n i osoku narimasu . 8 . Mata chikaiuchi oide n i wa nararemasen ka. 9 . Itsu ka ban ni

oide ui naru koto ga dekimasu . 10 . Itsu o ide n i

narimasu ka. 11 . Tabun dare ka wa mairimasho . 12 .

Dare mo konai dar6 * to omoimasu . 13 . Watakushi wa

myonichi ka mybgonichi wa mairaremasen . 14 . Ano

hito wa doko kara kita ka. 15 . Kono kimono wo nao

sesete o kure . 16 . Komban dekakeru tsumori da.

1 . I am indeed sorry for you . 2 . I am sorry, but Ishal l be busy to-morrow morn ing. 3 . I w ish a carpenterto mend the fence . 4 . Is there anything besides whichis in need of repai r? 5 . Have you read any of the

books which I gave you? 6 . 1 was late for church thismorn ing. 7 . You w i l l be late for church . 8 . Can you

not come again soon? 9 . Can you not come someeven ing? 10. When can you come? 11 . Perhapssomebody wi l l come . 12 . I do not think anyone wi l lcome . 13. I can come to-morrow or the day after .14. Where does thatman come from? 15 . Please havethese cl othes mended. 16 . I intend to start to- n ight.

See H. J . G . , p . 92 .

EXERCISES 67

V ocabu lary .

hikeshi, fire-brigade mannaka

,the midd le

ryfitosui, fire-engine te, hand

kesu , to extinguish shi n in ,dead person

ichi n ichi ok i , every other day utagan ,to doubt

mitsuk eru,to find konna, this kind of

m igi , right(not left) d5gu , utensi ls,household ef

kesshite, posi tively, certain ly f eets

(with n eg.) never ueki, garden

-

p lantkinjo, neighbourhood soto

,exterior

,outof doors

dasu ,totake out, toputoutside isogu,

to hurry

hoka no,another (different ueru, to p lant

one) yo, appearance, way, kind

itameru, to inj ure (tran s) yowai , weakitamu

,to inj ure, to spoi l muk 6 ,

*opposite

(intran s ) yameru,to puta stop to

Exerci se No . 53 .

1 . Sakuban no kwaj i wa uch i no kinj o de gozaimashita. 2 . Ryutosui mo hikeshi mo kimashita keredomo

kesaremasen dcshita. 3 . Shi nin wa gozaimasen deshita

ga dogu wa mina yakemashita. 4 . Kanda san wa ichin ich i oki n i o ide ui narimasu . 5 . Watakushi ga

yonda toki n i nan i wo shite imashita ka. 6 . Kesshite

anata no kotoba wo utagaimasen . 7 . Konna n i shitewa ikemasen q

L 8 . Omotta yori hayaku kaerimashita.

9 . Hari ga mitsukarimashita ka. 10. Migi te no hikidash i no naka ui arimashfi . 11 . Hikidashi no naka n i

arc"

) to omoimasu . 12 . Kono ueki mi midzu wo amarikakenai de oite o kure . 13 . Samui kaze wa ueki niwarn gozaimasu . 14 . Kono ueki wa yowatte

—iru yb

desu kara,

. soto ye deshite o kure . 15 . Hoka no hachimi ue- kaete o kure . 16 . Ame ga

'

yamimashitara konoueki wo muko no hana no uete aru mannaka ye uete

o kure . 17 . Kesa wa isoganakereba narimasen .

See also H. J . G . , p . 18 . 1' See App . H. J . G . , p . 75.


1 . The fi re l ast n ightwas in the neighbourhood of our

house . 2 . The engines and firemen came butcould not

extinguish it. 3 . No one was ki l l ed, but everyth ing inthe house was destroyed. 4 . Mr . Kanda comes hereevery other day. 5 . Whatwere you doing when I cal led

you 6 . I do not doubt your word . 7 . This is nottheway to do it. 8 . I came back earl i er than I expected .

9 . Have you found any n eedl es? 10 . There are somein the right hand drawer . 11 . I think you wi l l findthem in the drawer . 12 . Do not put too much wateron these pl ants. 13 . The cold w ind w i l l ch i l l the

plants. 14 . This plant is not thriving, so take it out

side . 15 . Pl ease plant it in another pot. 16 . Whenthe rain has stopped, pl ease putthis plantin the middl eof that flower- bed opposite . 17 . I must hurry thismorn ing.

V ocabulary .

dai , table (furn iture) toru,to take

iru ; iriy5 , to want, to desire*

taka, amount

zutsu, each, apiece s5kei , who le amount

totemo,anyhow,

in any case ; kak eru ,to run

(with n eg.) not atal l, by bakari,on ly

no means mazu,in the firstp lace, first

koshi wo kak eru,to sit mado

,window

akeru,to Open soba, alongside, by

Ex ercise No . 54 .

1 . Kore wa o iriyo desu ka. 2 . Benj i wo moraitai .3 . Kinu ga donokurai go iriy6 de gozaimasu ka. 4 . Nan ika ano hito wa yo desu ka. 5 . Dai kara hon wo totte

o kure . 6 . Takusan o tori nasai, go iriyo dake omochi

nasai . 7 . Dore mo kore mo sukoshi zutsu itadakimasho.

8 . Kore wa anata no de gozaimasu ka. 9 . Kore wawatakushi no de wa arimasen . 10. Sokei wa i kura

See also App . H . J . G . , p . 88 .


E xerc ise N o . 5 5 .

1 . O tataki nasatta toki nemutte orimashita. 2 . Dareka matte imasu ka. 3 . Konnichi wa Igirisu kara no

yubin wo matte orimasu . 4 . Smith san ni yaru tegamiwo kaite orimasu . 5 . Naze sonna koto wo shite orimasuka. 6 . Nan i ka moete oru no de wa arimasen ka. 7 .

Ie ga yakete orimasu . 8 . Dare ka to wo tataite orimasu .

9 . Watakushi no natsu no k imono wo shimatte orima

shita. 10 . Dare ka kane wo narashite orimasu . 11 .

Hyakusho ga hatake n i tane wo maite orimasu . 12 . Dareko koto wo kangaete imasu ka. 13 . Asuko n i ie wo

kowashite imasu . 14. Kono hen n i Kudi“

) to in na no

h ito ga sunde imasen ka. 15 . Doko n i sunde orimasu

ka. 16 . Nihon no kotoba wo naratte orimasu . 17 . Cha

wo nomi * nagara shabette orimashita.

1 . I was sl eeping when you knocked . 2 . Is any one

waiting? 3 . I am expecting the Engl ish mai l today.

4 . I am w riting a l etter to send to Miss Smith . 5 .

Why are you doing that? 6 . Is there not someth ingburn ing? 7 . The house is on fire (is burn ing). 8 .

Some one is knocking at the door . 9 . I have been

putting away my summer“

clothing. 10 . Some one is

ringing. 11 . The farmers are sowing th eir fields. 12

Whom are you thinking about? 13 . They are breakingdown that house . 14. Is there not a person cal ledKudc

'

) l iving in this local ity ? 15 . Where is be l iving?

16 . 1 am l earn ing Japanese . 17 . Thev were chatteringwh i lst drinking (thei r tea,

V ocabu lary .

n e l an interj ection , (See H . tobu ,to fly, to j ump

J . G . , p . 153) eda, branch (of tree, river,shiman , to fin ish, (See H . J. etc .)G .

, p . 95) ha, leaf (of tree)

The I ndefin ite Form used as a noun .

EXERCISES 71

n iwaka, sudden tsi’

i kau,to use, to emp loy

taihen ,very ,

extremely mazui , nasty (to eat)turn , to fa l l (on ly of rain ,

ame, rain

snow, etc .) kekk5 , sp lendid, delightfu loya l an interj ection (See H . k eshik i ,view, scenery, appear

J . G ., p . 153) ance

shio,sa lt ma ! an interj ection (See H .

oishii,n ice, tasty J . G . , p . 152)

k in5, yesterday ky5 ,to-day


1 . Mata myonichi o ide nasaru ne . 2 . Ame ga

futte k ite kekkc' ) de gozaimasu ne . 3 . Ma, n iwaka n i

kaze ga fuite kimashita ne . 4 . Taiso nagaku o kakarinasaimashita ne . 5 . Shio wo wasuremashita ne . 6 .

Itsu mo tal hem oishii desu ga kyo no wa mazui desune . 7 . Anata ga kint

'

) Sato san ga irasshita to iimashita,ne . 8 . Kyo wa umi no keshiki wataisfi yo gozaimasu ne l

9 . Taihen n i omoshiro gozaimashita. 10 . Oya l kaette

irasshita ne l 11 . Ano kata no bbshi ga tonde shimaimashita. 12 . Kono uek i no kereta eda to ha wo totte o shi

mai . 13 . Mazu kore wo tsukatte shimaimasho. 14 . Chottowatakushi no hon wo mite kudasai . 15 . Ni h iki no umaga kimasu . 16 . Hako wo tutatsu n i kowashite o kure .

1 . You w i l l come again to- morrow (won’

t you?) 2 .

How del ightful to have rain again (isn’

t 3 . How

sudden ly the w ind rose (didn’

t it 2 . You have beena long time ! 5 . You have (gone and) forgotten the

salt! 6 . Usual ly it is very tasty but today it is nasty.

7 . You told me Mr . Sato was here yesterday, (didn’

t

you 8 . How lovely the sea l ooks today (doesn’

t

9 . Itwas extremely interesting. 10. Oh ! you are backagain , then ! 11 . That man ’

s hat-has flown away. 12 .

Take the dead l eaves and branches off that plant.

13 . I w i l l use th is up first. 14. Please look at(examine)my book a moment. 15 . Two horses are coming. 16 .

Kindly break the box into two pi eces.


V ocabul ary .

amari, too much, too; (with tsi’

ik eru, to light

neg.) notvery sugiru, é to exceed

yok ei, 1'

superfluity ; (with itamu, to hurt(intran s.)

neg.) notvery, notmuch itameru, (tran s )

hatarak i , work, action tsiik iru, to be exhausted

herasu,to lesse n (trans ) yurui, loose

by5ki , i ll, sick bakarashii, f oolish, absurd


1 . Amari yokei n i kudasaimashita. 2 . Amari hayakurampu wo tsukete wa ikemasen . 3 . Amari omoshirokugozaimasen . 4 . Amari kaze ga tsuyoi desu kara, uek i gaitamimasu . 5 . Amari kirei na yo de wa arimasen .

6 . Watakushi no imbto wa konogoro wa amari yokugozaimasen . 7 . Amari hataraki ga sugimashita. 8 .

Amari tsukarete yasumaremasen . 9 . Amari takusan desukara, sukoshi herashite kudasai . 10. Amari rippa n i

shinai de kudasai . 11 . Amari yuri—1 gozaimasu . 12 .

Atsusa wa amari kamaimasen . 13 . Amari takai gaarimasen ka. 14 . Amari oso gozaimasu . 15 . Ima wa

yokei na kana wa arimasen . 16 . Amari tabete wa

bybki ni 17 . Sore wa amari yoku nai . 18 .

Sore wa amari bakarashii to omoimasu . 19 . Anata wa

amari o isogi de gozaimasu . 10. Amari hayogozaimasu .

1 . You have given me too much . 2 . Do not l ightthe lamp too soon . 3 . Itis notvery interesting. 4 . The

Kono heya wa amari chiisai , this row» is too smal l . Amari

omoshiroku nai,it is not very interesting .

1 Yokei gozaimasen , there are not very many (or, there is not

very much).

Sugira may be rendered by too'

or“ too much when placed

after a verb or adj ective ; thus, nomi- sugiro , to dr ink too much ; yo

sugiru , to be too good .

It wil l be observed from the example thatthe Gerund with

wa amxed,may be employed as an e q u ivalent for the Condi tional

Form in - eba . Note,however, that - te wa has not always the force

of the Conditional .

EXERCISES 73

plant is injured because the w ind is too strong. 5 . Theydo not l ook so cl ean as I should l ike . 6 . My sister isnot very wel l lately. 7 . You have done too much (or,You have exerted yourself too much). 8 . I am too

exhausted to rest. 9 . There is too much , so l essen the

quantity a l ittl e . 10. Do not make it too handsome .11 . It is too loose . 12 . I do notmind the heatmuch .

13 . Is it not too dear? 14 . It is too late . 15 . I havenot much money at present. 16 . You w i l l become i l lif you eat too much . 17 . That is not good enough .

18 . That wou ld be very fool ish I th ink . 19 . You are

in too much of a hurry. 20 . It is too early.

V ocabu l ary .

bun , share, part k asu, to lendsuki , f ond, liking, (See H . denshin -sen , telegraph-wire

J . G . , 36) tamaru , to endure

toru, to take,to pick tomaru ,

to stop ,to stay

okashii ; okashi na,absurd

, tamaranai,too

t5i , far, distant

kurai,dark, dim k oi , dark (of colour)

shaberi , a chatterer, babbler sos5 de, accidental ly

m iru, to see tobori , light(from lamp, etc.)

The foll owing expressi ons will serve to sh ow how

the English“so or “ too may sometimes be rendered :

Yu wa atsukute * tama The water is so hot(that)ranai , I cannotbear it

Okashikute tamaranai Itis really too absurd (lit.being- funny, I


1 . Tokute arukemasen dcshita. 2 . Kono rampu no

tobori ga warukutte yoku mienai . 3 . Kurakute mienai .

4 . Mattaku 50 56 de gozaimashita. 5 . Ano hito wa oso

This is the Gerund of the adj ective atsa i (see H . J . G . , p .


roshu o shaberi da. 6 . Watakushi wa kodomo ga sukide gozaimasu . 7 . Kore ga suki de gozaimasu. 8 . Ano

ribbon no iro wa taisfi suki na iro de gozaimasu . 9 .

Itsu demo 0 suk i na toki ui hon wo o kashi moshimasho.

10 . Kore wa ch6do watakushi no suki na mono de

gozaimasu . 11 . O suki de gozaimasen ka. 12 . Sakanato n iku to doch i re ga o suki de gozaimasu ka. 13.

Tori wa denshin- sen n i tomaru no ga suki de gozaimasu . 14 . Dochira ga o suk i de gozaimasu . 15 . Anatano ichiban o suki na no wo o tori nasai . 16 . Kore wo

o suki desu ka. 17 . Hana ga o suki desu ka. 18 .

Watakushi no bun wa nan i hodo desu ka. 19 . Korewa watakushi no bun da.

1 . It was too far to wal k (or, It was so far we couldnot walk). 2 . The l ight from this lamp is so bad thatI can hardly see . 3 . It is so dark (that) I cannot see

(or, It is too dark to see). 4 . Itwas done quite accidental ly . 5 . He is an awful chatterer . 6 . I am very fondof chi ldren . 7 . I l ike this. 8 . I l ik e the colour of thatribbon . 9 . I w i l l l end you the book any time you l ike .10. These (things) are what I l ike . 11 . Don

’

t you l ikethem? 12 . \Vhich do you l ike best, fish or meat? 13 .

The bi rds l ike to stay on the telegraph - wi res. 14.

Which do you prefer? 15 . Choose the one you l ikebest. 16 . Do you l ike this? 17 . Are you fond of

flowers? 18 . IVliat is my share? 19 . Th is ismy share .

V ocabu l ary .

hazu,

*obligatio n, necessity semeru,

to treat rigorously,

ha m, to stick (trans ) to press upon

kuru , to come hi, the spi rits (of a person)nobasu to def er ireru

,to insert, to put in

k otozuk e, message k i wo otosu,to letone

’

s spi rits

awateru ,to be flurried drop

ataru , to be near otosu ,to let {all

See H. J . G . , p . 15 .

EXERCISES 75

The foll owing sentences wil l serve to exemplifyan idiom of constant recurrence in wh ich ikenai,“cannot go

”

(pol itely ikemasen) is employed in the

sense of “

(that) won’

t do,” “

(th at) is no go”

Ki wo otoshite wa i ke You must not let your

masen, spirits drop (more lit.

It won’t do if you let

your sp irits drop)Totemo ikemasen

,It won

’t do at all (lit.

anyhow cannot-go)Ikenai k oto shimashita, I have been and done a

foolish thing (lit. can’t

go- thing have done)


1 . Otoshite wa ikemasen . 2 . Konna n i shite wa ikemasen . 3. Awatete wa ikemasen . 4 . Watakushi no

kotozuke wo wasurete wa ikemasen . 5 . Sekitan wo

sonna ui takusan i rete wa ikemasen . 6 . Kaze no ataru

tokoro ui irasshite wa ikemasen . 7 . Ano kata wo mitewaratte wa ikemasen . 8 . Mo i rete wa ikemasen . 9 .

Akai no wa ikemasen . 10 . Kore de wa ikemasen . 11 .

Dare ui mo hanashite wa ikemasen . 12 . Konna chiisain i ku- sashi de wa ikemasen . 13 . Mada sore de ikemasenka. 14 . Nobasu koto ga kuse n i naru to ikemasen .

15. Mo konakereba naranai hazu da. 16 . Mo j ik i n ikuru hazu desu . 17 . Ano kata wo semeru hazu wa

nai no de gozaimasu . 18 . Kono h eya wa kami wo haruhazu de gozaimasu . 19 . Kono kimono ga makoto n i

yasui . Hanahada waru i kara, yasui hazu da. 20 .

Sakuj itsu iku hazu de arimashita. 21 . Shi ro hazu wanai (lit. V

Vill- know necessity is not). 22 . Mybnichi iku

hazu desu . 23 . Kore wa i i no da.


1 . Don’

t drop it. 2 . Th is is not the way to do this.

3 . Don’

t get flurried. 4 . Don ’

t forget to give my message . 5 . Do not put on much coal . 6 . You must not

sit in the draught. 7 . Don ’

t l augh at him. 8 . You

must not put any more in . 9 . Red ones w i l l not do.

10. This w i l l not do . 11 . Don’

t te l l any one . 12 . You

have brought me too smal l a fork . 13 . Have I notdone enough? 14 . To defer things is a bad habit.

15 . It shou ld have come by now . 16 . He ought to behere immediately . 17 . They ought not to press him so

rigorously. 18 . This room ought to be papered. 19 .

This dress is real ly cheap. It ought to be, for it is

very bad . 20. He shou ld have gone yesterday. 21 .

There is no necessity for his knowing (it). 22 . He is

to go to-morrow . 23 . This is a good one .

V ocabul ary .

yo, see H . J . G. , pp . 52 , 153 hima,an interva l

,leisure

zo, see H . J . G . , p . 153 nureru , to getwet

shizuk a (na) quiet nurete iru,to be wet

okureru,to be too late, not goro ,

* time,about

to be in time tok i , time (See H . J . G .,

j i kan ,a p eriod of time; hour vohodo

, p lenty, a lot, very

tema. trouble tariru,

'

l to suffice,to be enough

tema ga toreru,to take time abunai , dangerous

and trouble itsu demo, any time whatever

E x erci se N o . 6 0 .

1 . Nurashite wa ikenai yo. 2 . Nurete imasu (or,Nuremashita). 3 . Guzu-

guzu suru h ima wa nai 2 0 ! 4.

Abunai yo l 5 . Kowasu no wo mita yo l 6 . Umo wo

As. kono goro, now ; san-

j i goro, about three o’clock .

f Tariru, to suffice, kariru , to borrow, and a few others are inflected

according to the second conj ugation by genuine Tokio usage , but

some publ ic speakers make them of the first conjugation (taru ,

kara ,

78 APP. JAPANE SE GRAMMAR

V ocabul ary .

in, to say, (See H . J. G . , p . 65) shi ka, (with neg.) on ly, nosusumeru,

to urge, to recom thing but

mend kakaru jLto take time (also,

haj imeru,to begin (trans) to cost)

haj imete, f or thefirsttime; omoi , thoughtnever bef ore omoi no hoka, unexpectedly

hoka, besides; except; another yasai-mono, vegetablep lace yaoya, greengrocer, green

itasu,to do (See H . J 79) grocer

’s shop

aida, interva l, time, whi le (See zonj iru ,to know

H . J . G . , p . 16) zonj i, § knowledgekono aida

,late ly kan e

,bel l ; money


1 . Sono hoka wa nan’

de gozaimasu ka. Q . Hoka no

wo misete kudasai . 3 . Ima wa yaoya mi wa nan i kahoka no yasai - mono wa arimasen ka. 4 . Hoka ui nan imo arimasen ka. 5 . Watakushi no hoka mina mai rimash ita . 6 . Kore wo hoka ye yatte kudasai . 7 . Hokano toki ui shita ho ga yb gozaimasho. 8 . Sore no

hoka ui wa irimasen . Hoka no shimbun de mo i i .10 . Nan i ka hoka no koto wo kangaete orimashita. 11 .

Ei-go wo go- zonji desu ka. Iye, Ni hon-

go no hokazonj imasen . 12 . Hoka no wa irimasen, kore de yoroshu

gozaimasu . 13. Omoi no

'

hoka yoku dekimashita. 14 .

Go fun no aida kane wo narashite orimashita. 15 .

Kono aida haj imete itte-mairimashita. 16 . Sore wo

kono aida ye kaki - i rete kudasai . 17 . Futsu ka no aidasukoshi bakari tabemashita. 18 . Kono aida agemashita

hon wo o yomi nasaimashita ka. 19 . Sukoshi no aidash ika kakarimasen .

Gerund of haj imeru .

f Kakaru also freq uently signifies to be in place ,”

to hang,

e .g. a picture .

This is the Indefinite Form o f zanj ira used substantively .

EXERCISES 79

1 . What else (is there) besides this? 2 . Pl ease showme some others. 3 . Has not the greengrocer any othervegetabl e now besides this? 4 . Is there nothing besides? 5 . All (of them) went except me . 6 . Pl ease

put this in another place (or, pl ease put this away).7 . Another time wou ld be better . 8 . I do notwish forany but those . 9 . Any other newspaper w i l l do . 10 . Iwas thin king of something else . 11 . Do you know

(sp eak) Engl ish?No,I on ly speak Japanese . 12 . You

need not getme another,this w i l l do . 13. It is better

than I expected (thought). 14 . I have been ringing forfive minutes. 15 . I have never been there unti l lately.

16 . Pl ease insert it here between these two (words,17 . I have hardly eaten anyth ing for two days. 18 .

Did you read the book I gave you recently ? 19 . It

w i l l on ly take a l ittl e whi le (to make, to do,

V ocabul ary .

koto, fact, act, thing (abs) kaneru , to be unable

mono ,

* thing (concrete) k atazuk eru,to putaway

muyami n i , recklessly naka-naka,very

matsu,to wait subarashi i , sp lendid

taihen , very kamau, to matter ; tomeddle

naku ; hoeru, to bark with

6k i i ; (Sk i n a, large kamaimasen ,itdoesn

’tmatter

okosu, to ro use oshii, regrettable

sh imai , the end zosa, difficu lty (always withk iku ,

to ask, to enquire a neg.)namakeru , to behave idly zuibun , a good dea l, very,

n insok u , coolie pretty 1 (adv.)bure i (na), rude, impertinent k otozuk e, message

See H. J . G . , pp. 14, 56 (footnote), and 83. The difi’

erence be

tween mono and koto mustbe carefully observed . Thus onaj i mono

signifies “ the identical thing,

” “ the very article , whilstanaj i koto

signifies “the same kind of thing

—the shape, colour, etc being

the same butthe actual object a difi'

erent one .

f As in p retty well, etc.


daij i (na), important anna,thatkind of

yondokoronai, inevitable, un kao, f ace, countenanceavoidable seki , a cough

n egau ,to request

,to beg sek i ga deru,

to cough

iya (na), disagreeable, obj ec wakaru,to understand

,to

tionable comprehend

k itanai ; k itanarashii , dirty tamaru,to accumu late, co l lect

negai , a req uest, desire (intrans.)


A .— 1 . Ano inu wa muyami n i h ito ni hoyemasu .

2 . Daij i na koto de gozaimasu . 3 . Sono koto wo o k ik inasai . 4 . Namakete oru koto wa dekimasen . 5 . Yubewa taihen inu ga nakimashita koto ne l 6 . s e mo

nai koto desu . 7 . Zosa gozaimasen . 8 . Yondokoronai

koto de gozaimasu . 9 . Oshii koto desu ne l 10. Kono kotowo ano hito to sbdan shite kudasai . 11 . Naze sonna

koto wo sh ite orimasu ka. 12 . Ano hito no negaimasu

koto wa zuibun bki koto desu me . 13 . Kono koto watomodachi to sodan wo suru so desu . 14. Iya na monoda l 15 . Konna koto no kotozuke wa iya de gozaimasu .

16 . Anna koto wo shimasu to kaette kao ga kitanakunarimasu . 17 . Kono seki wo naosu koto ga dekimasen .

18 . Kono tabi wa anata no 0 negai wo kanaeru kotowa dekimasen . 19 . Okiku narimashita koto ! 20 . Ano

hito mi agetai mono ga arimasu . 21 . Gin no mono wo

migaite oite o kure . 22 . Sonna koto wo itta koto waarimasen . 23 . Zuibun yoku utaimashita.

1 . That dog barks at everybody. 2 . It is important.3 . Pl ease ask about it. 4. I cannot afford to be idl e .5 . How the dogs barked lastn ight! 6 . Itis notdifficu lt.7 . There is no difficulty about it. 8 . The matter isinevitabl e . 9 . Whata pity! 10. Please hold a consultation w ith him about the matter . 11 . Why do you do

that? 12 . He demands a good deal . 13. He wi l l consu lt

EXERCISES 8 1

aboutthe matter w ith his friends. 14 . It is a disgustingthingi 15 . I disl ike to take such a message . 16 . I f you

do that you w i l l disfigure your face . 17 . I cannot curethis cough . 18 . Th is time I cannot grantyour request.19 . How big he has become ! 20. I have something forhim . 21 . Pl ease cl ean the si l verware . 22 . I never saidso. 23 . She sang pretty wel l .

B .—1 . Matte oru koto wa kamaimasen . 2 . Jiki ui

naosu koto ga dekiru so de gozaimasu . 3 . Ano ninsoku

wa domo burei na koto wo shimashitame . 4 . O sh imain i wa kangaeru koto wo yamete shimaimashita. 5 . D6mo

*

ky6 mise mi rippa na mono ga takusan arimashita. 6 .

Atarashii mono no yo desu . 7 . Mai - n ich i tamaru monowo do katazukete yoi ka

’

r wakarimasen . 8 . Ano n ekono hayai koto l 9 . Tansu wa naka- naka subarashi i mon’

da ga, nedan ga amari takai . 10. Okosu koto wo wasuretewa ikenai yo l 11 . Iku koto wa dekimasho§ ka. 12 .

Budo- shu wo nonda koto wa nai . 13 . A l nemui koto l14. Kono shomotsu no koto wa O Matsu san kara kikimashita. 15 . Miru koto ga nai . 16 . Sono yo na mono wamita koto ga arimasen !

1 . I do not mind waiting. 2 . He says he can mendit easi ly. 3 . That cool ie was very impertinent. 4 . He

final ly gave up the attempt. 5 . There were such prettythings at the shop today. 6 . That is just as good as

new . 7 . I cannot think w hat to do w ith the thingsthat accumu late dai ly. 8 . How qu ickly that cat runs l

9 . This cabinet is magn ificent but the price is too high .

10 . Don’

t forget to rouse me . 11 . Wil l it be possibl e

An interj ection expressive of astonishment, enthusiasm, etc.

corresponding to“My word,

” “ By Jove,”etc.

1 For ka see App . H. J . G . , p . 83.

See H. J . G . , p p . 80—8 1.



to go? 12 . I have never drunk w ine . 13 . Ah ! howsleepy I am ! 14. I have heard about this book fromMiss Matsu . 15 . I cannotsee . 16 . I never saw anythingl i ke iti

V ocabu l ary .

sazo ,indeed, surely, doubtless machigai , mistake, misunder

kfitabireru ,to become tired standing

k iitabirete iru , to be tired hana- fl‘

i ki , pocket- handker

sai fu, purse chiefochiru, to fal l itasu

,to do

ry6 ,* both in

,to say

susumeru ,to urge, to recom kare kore , more or less, about,

somewhe re near

deru,to go out, to come out, k imeru , to settle, to decide

to issue forth k u-j i , n ine o’clock

ibri , manner, way (See H . J . tabun , perhaps, probab lyG . , 151) bakari

,about

,on ly


1 . Kare kore ku- j i de gozaimashonL 2 . Kore wa O

Yone san no 0 ane san no de gozaimasho. 3 . Sazo okutabire de gozaimashb . 4 . Kore wa tabun nan i ka no

machigai de gozaimashb. 5 . Watakushi ga hanafuki

wo dasu toki ui sai fu mo issho mi dete ochita no desho.

6. Kono kimono wa sukoshi naosanakereba narimasen . §7 . Doka” itashimasen kereba narimasen . 8 . M6 ichido

shinakereba narimasen . 9 . Kyo ich i n ichi wa uchi nokoto bakari wo shinakereba naranai . 10. Kono koto wokimeru no n i wa ryo

- ho wo kikanakereba narimasen .

11 . Watakushi domo wa hachi- ji mae ui uchi wodenakereba narimasen . 12 . Sugu n i kimenakereba narimasen . 13 . O hanashi no tori ui itashimashita. 14 . Ano

A8 in ry§ -h6 , both s ides ; ryfi-te , both hands ryfi

-n in , bothp eople .

1 See H. J . G . , p . 82 .

See H. J . G . , p .p . 82—83.

See App. H. J. G . , p . 40 .

EXERCISES 83

h ito wa doshite watakushi no itta tori n i shimasumaika. 15 . Ano kata wa nan

’

to iwaremashita* ka. Itsu

mo no tori de gozaimasu . 16 . Anata no 0 susume no

tori mi itashimasu . 17 . Mae ni mo itta 18 .

Watakushi no in tori n i shite kudasai .

1 . Itmust be aboutn ine o’clock . 2 . This mustbelongto Miss Yone’s eldest sister . 3 . You mustbe very ti red.

4 . There mustbe some mistake . 5 . The purse musthavecome out and fal l en when I took my handkerch ief frommy pocket. 6 . This dress must be altered a l ittl e . 7 .

I must manage it somehow or other . 8 . It must be

done over again . 9 . I must devote today to householdmatters. 10. I must hear both sides before I judge .

11 . We must l eave the house before eight o’

clock . 12 .

I must settle it at once . 13 . I did as you told me .

14. Why has the man not done as I told him? 15 .

What did he have to say? The same as usual . 16 . Iw i l l do as you suggest. 17 As I have al ready said18 . Pl ease do as I tel l you .

V ocabul ary .

k a,

’

r (see H . J . G., p . 38) to, door

komaru ,to be perplexed, to be homeru , to praise, to admire

in a quandary tazuneru,to visit

remon sui , lemonade kurb-

pan , brown -bread

hb,side oi, numerous, many

bok i’

i shi, pastor, clergyman us, the top of anything

H6 is frequently used with the meaning of the

Engl ish word “one or ones, thus :

Kon o ho katai , This one is hard

See H. J . G ., p . 65 .

tWhengka is employed to express a mere shade of doubtitmaybe translated by

“may,” “might,

”

perhaps,”etc . , as, Komban wa

jé k isen ga tsuku ka mo shirenai, p er

hap s the steamer wi ll arr'

ee

ton ight(l it. Steamer arr ive ton ight (that) is- unknowable).


The phrase . ho ga 11,“ itwill be good

you had is often empl oyed to replacethe Imperative ; thusK6 shita ho ga i i , Youhad better do itlikethis

(lit. thusdid side isgood)In some contexts he has no Engl ish e q uivalent, as

for example in°

Anata no ho no to wa

aite orimasu ka,

Anata no he ga 0 wake

gozaimasu,


1 . K6 shita ho ga yokaro.

* 2 . Kono hoga yOI‘

OShl l deshc.

3 . Kono ho ga nagai . 4 . Sono ho wa o gozaimasu . 5 .

I ku yori wa ikanai ho ga yoroshii . 6 . O kaeri nasattaho

'

ga yoroshii deshc. 7 . Kodomo wa homerarete iru

koto wo shiranai ho ga yo gozaimasu . 8 . Hayaku suruho ga yo gozaimasu . 9 . Do shita ho ga yo gozaimashoka. 10 . Shimai no ho no 0 hanash i wa wasuremashita .

11 . Anata ga o tazune nasutta hc‘

) ga yo

12 . Sore no nai ho ga yoku miemasu . 13 . Mado no ue

no h?) wo akete oite kudasai . 14 . Sono ho ga yo gozaimasu . 15 . O sh imai no he wa amari isogimashita. 16 .

Arigato, remonsui no hf) ga yoroshu gozaimasu . 17 .

Kuro-

pan no ho ga yoroshi i . 18 . Anata no ho no kwaidono bokushi wa donata de gozaimasu ka. 19 . Do shitakoto ka shirimasen . 20 . Nan i wo sh ite yoi ka komatteorimasu . 21 . Do haj imete i i ka wakarimasen . 22 . Dareka to ni iru ka mite o kure . 23 . Kore wo doshite suruno ka wakarimasen . 24. Donokurai da ka shirimasen .

See H. J . G . , p . 121 .

I s your door open?(lit. I s

the door of your side

Open

You are younger than I

(lit. Your side is young)


nozomi , a wish futsugc'

) na,inconve nient

,bad

yosaso us,having a good uwasa

,ta lk , gossip , rumour

appearance uwasa wo suru,to ta lk about

In additi on to being employed to express its o riginalconcrete sense of “

place,”tokoro sometimes assumes

grammatical functi ons perp l exing to the beginner .Fre q uently, l ike koto, itis used to sign ify

“ a matter,”

a subject,” “

a q uality,” or “ a th ing of the mind ;

thus :

Omae no sakuban hanashita

you last- n ight said According to whatyou

tokoro de wa, said last n ight

p lace

Kanda san wa dc‘

) suruhow do Whatdid you see Mr.

tokoro wo mi- nasatta, Kanda do?

see- did

When preceded by Indicative tenses, tokoro oftenserves to convey the ideas rendered by the English“ just as

,

” “wh en ,

” “ wh il e,

” “ whereupon ,

”and in

these senses it is usually foll owed by ye ; thus

Chodo kaeru tok oro yeexactly return Justas I was gomg out

junsa ga mi eta a policeman appeared

policeman appeared

Ano okata no uwasa WO7

gossipWe were 7usttalki ng

shite iru tok or o d’atta,

abouthimdo ing

Yonde mita tokoro garea d ing seen p lace

Upon reading it.

EXERCISES 87

At the commencement of a sentence tokoro designifies

“ bye-the- bye,

” “ thereupon,” “

and so ;”

Wh ilst tokoro ga signifies“ well then ,

” “still ,

” “all

the same ; thus

Tokoro de myG- asa furota mofl oww ommg Bye

- the- bye, I wantami hairitai

,bathto-morrowmorning

w ish-to- enter

Tokoro ga sono asam Well then, on that(very)

morn ing

The use of tokoro in connecti on with relative clauseshas already been r eferred to (see App . H. J . G.

, p.


1 . Tokoro wo sagasu made matte kudasai . 2 . Soko

ga ,

daij i na tokoro de gozaimasu . 3 . Anata no uwasawo shite iru tokoro d’

atta. 4 . Doko ye de mo anata

no nozomi no tokoro ye yukimasu . 5 . Smith san no

tokoro ye mairimasu . 6 . Sayomoshimashita tokoro ga7 . O Yone san wa okkasan no tokoro mi irasshaimasu.

8 . Mo abunai tokoro wa sugimashita ka. 9 . Ninsoku

wo yonde futsugo na tokoro wo naosaseru ga i i . 10.

Nihon n i wa tabi - bito ga kembutsu suru tokoro ga

takusan gozaimasu . 11 . Chodo watakushi ga dekakeru

tokoro deshita. 12 . Doko demo yosaso na tokoro ye itteo kure . 13 . Yosaso n i omoimasu . 14 . Kanda san no

tokoro ye hagaki wo kaite kudasai . 15 . Ketchaku no

tokoro wa i ku ra made makarimasu ka. 16 . Ni hon no

moj i de tokoro- gaki wo kaite kudasai . 17 . Domo,futsugo

na tokoro da l 18 . Ano hito no

'

tokoro-

gaki wo kudasai .19 . Narutake hayaku watakushi no tokoro ye oide . 20 .

Kono hon wa kore kara hoka no tokoro ni okimasho.

21 . Ano kata no tokoro n i yukitai to omoimasu ga doko


n i o sumai ka zonjimasen . 22 . Watakushi no tokoro - gak ide gozaimasen . 23 . Iku tokoro wo gyosha n i

moshite o kure . 24 . Watakushi no tokoro wa kokodesu . 25 . Yosaso na hito deshita. 26 . Anata no tokorowa doko desu ka (or, O taku wa dochira desu ka).

1 . Pl ease wait ti l l I find the place . 2 . That is theimportant point. 3 . We were j ust tal k ing about you .

4 . I wi l l go anywhere you pl ease . 5 . I am going to

Mr . Smith ’s. 6 . Upon my saying so 7 . Miss Yoneis at her mother’s. 8 . Has the crisis passed? 9 . You

had better get the cool ie (cause the coo l ie)to come andmend the broken places. 10. There are many places inJapan thatare visited by travel lers. 11 . I was justaboutto go out. 12 . Please take me anywhere you l i ke (toa

’

rikshaman etc.) 13 . I shou ld think itwou ld do. 14.

Kindly write a postcard to Mr . Kanda. 15 . What is thel owest price you w i l l take*? 16 . Kindly w rite down theaddress in Japanese . 17 . What an inconven i entplace l18 . Pl ease give me his address. 19 . Pl ease come to myplace as soon as you can . 20. I shal l keep th ese booksin another place for the future ; 21 . I wou ld cal l onhim

,on ly I do notknow where he l ives. 22 . Mv (written)

address is 23 . Pl ease tel l the driver where to takeme . 24 . This is my address. 25 . He appeared to be a

good fel low . 26 . What is vour address?

V ocabu lary .

hoshn,desirous (see H . J . G .

,chigai, difi erence, mistake

p . 36) isha, doctor, physicianhossuru, to desire, to wish sak e

, (Japanese) wine

namae , a (person'

s) name kanj6(-gaki), account, bi l ltatsu, to depart; to avoid rei , politeness ; thanksKwayobi , Tuesday empress, queen consort

Lit. “As for the final -resolve,”etc .

EXERCISES 89

oshieru,to teach, to showhow bata

, flagn ikai

,second storey ; upstairs gohan , rice ; f ood ; dinner

stensbo, (rai lway station shitsurei, rudeness, imperti

shoshb,a little ncnoc

chigan , to be mistaken , to be mochiron ,of course, certai nly

the wrong one m ina,a ll

In Japanese the only k ind of indirect narrati on isa locuti on consisting of the presenttense w ith thewords yo ui, l iterally

“manner - in ”

; thusTsune ui naosu yo ni Please tell Tsunetomend it

tanonde o hare,Mata irasshite kudasaru D id you tell him to call

yo ui iimashita ka,

again?

Usually, h owever, the Japanese avo id sentencescontain ing one request embodi ed in another . For

example , instead of saying“ Te l l Tsune to come h ere,

”

they w ill general ly prefer the simpler phrase“ Call

Tsune,

”viz. :

Tsune wo yonde ko i !having

- ca l led come

(or , more respectfully, Tsune wo yonde kudasai !)and in preference to saying,

“ Tell the gro om to comeand mend the broken places ,

”they w ill empl oy the

causative ; thusBetto wo yonde futsugo na tok oro wo

groom having- cal led inconven ient p lace

naosaseru ga i ito- cause-to mend (tej -

good

Ex erci se No . 6 6 .

1 . O Matsu san mi sono kata no namae to tokoro towo kiku yo ni itte kudasai . 2 . Isha ga ano kata ui sakewo tatsu yon i to iimashita. 3 . Kwayobi made ni kanjo-

gak iCorruption from Engl ish . The correct word is Tei-sha- ba or

Tei- sha-j o.


wo motte kuru yo n i to Okuro san n i itte - oite . 4 . Sugimi nikai ye motte kure yo n i o hanash i nasai . 5 . Minasan ga koko ye irassharu yo n i itte kudasai . 6 . Watakushi no oshienai mae wa shinai v6 n i itte kudasai . 7 .

Tanaka san ga irasshitaraba o machi kudasaru yo u i

hanashite o kure . 8 . Tsune n i yoku kore wo wasurenaiyo n i to itte o kure . 9 . Kore wo Kanda san ni yoku o

rei wo itte kaesu yo mi to itte o kure . 10. Konn ichi

wa Kogo sama no tanjobi de gozaimasu kara hata wo

dasu y6 n i itte o kure . 11 . Kurumaya ni stensho n i

ikanai yo ni iute kudasai. 12 . Yone n i gohan wo sukoshi

matsu yo n i to itte kudasai . 13. Shitsurei desu ga,

shosho o mach i kudasaru yo n i to itte o kure . 14 . Mizuga llOSll ll

—l gozaimasu . 15 . Mochiron kochira no he wa

hoshii desu . 16 . Kore wa watakushi no hoshii to omotta

no de wa gozaimasen . 17 . Kore wa watakushi no hoshiino to wa chigaimasu . 18 . Hoshii to omotte ita tokorode gozaimasu . 19 . Atarashii hana wo hoshii mono desu.

1 . Pl ease te l l Miss Matsu to ask for his name and

address . 2 . The doctor has ordered him to abstain fromw ine . 3 . Ask Mr . Okuro to bring in the accounts not

l ate r than Tuesday. 4 . Tel l him to bring itupstai rs atonce . 5 . Pl ease tel l them all to come in here . 6 . Pl easetel l him not to do any more unti l I show him what Iwant. 7 . If Mr . Tanaka comes, ask him, pl ease, to wait.

8 . Te l l Tsune to be sure notto forgetthis. 9 . Tel l himto give this to Mr . Kanda w ith my thanks. 10 . As it

is the Empress’

bi rthday, tel l him to put out the flags.

11 . Tel l the ’

rikshaman not to go to the station . 12 .

Ask Yone to put off dinner for a whi l e . 13 . Ask him

to please excuse me a few moments; 14 . I w ish for somewater . 15 . Of course I want these more than those .16 . This is not the one I want. 17 . This is not the

kind I want. 18 . l was just w ishing for some . 19 . Ishould l ike some fresh flowers.

EXERCISES 91

V ocabu lary .

sekkyo, sermon

mondai , question ; problemtame

,sake

no tame n i , f or the sake ofkyoshi , teacher

itsu mo, any time,always

jama,obstruction ; hindrance

n edan , p rice

betsudan (no), specia ltomeru

, to stop (tran s )techo, note-book

utsusu,to copy

yatou , to hire, engage

ka fi’ l , p lan ; advice

ta, rice-field

kau,to buy

tok u ,to loosen ; to explain

j a , (see H . J . G ., p . 35)

k ippu ,ticket

yameru , to puta stop to

ok u,to put

k irci , n eat,clean

, pretty

The final and complete diSposal of a questi on ormatter may be expressed by the Gerund in conjuncti on with oku

,to put; thus :

Kon o sekkyo utsushite

okitai,

Betsudan ui uch i wo kireimi sh ite okitai

I wish to copy this sermon

(so thatI shall be sureof possessing it)

I am veryparticular abouthaving my house clean

(so letus have an understanding)

Ex erci se No . 6 7 .

1 . Amari takai ja arimasen ka.

wa* narimasen ka.

wo nobashite okimasho.

nai ka.

ga takusan gozaimasu .

mi tomete okimasho.

2 . Akari no jama ui

3 . Hoka no tok i made kono mondai4 . Kore wa Totsuka- michi ja

5 . Kangaete oite kudasai . 6 . Nihon ni wa ta

7 . Kore wo itsu mo no techo8 . Kore de yoroshii ja nai ka. 9 .

Watakushi n i wa tokaremasen .

kyoshi wo yatotte okimasu .

10. Ano ko no tame n i11 . So ja nai (or, So ja

gozaimasen). 12 . Kippu wo katte okimashita. 13 . Anataui wa itsudemo i i kufu wo. 14 . O shimai ui wa kangaeru

N i ma exp resses a greater degree of emphasis than u i alone .


koto wo yamete shimaimashita. 15 . Sono nedan de wakawaremasen . 16 . Kore wa atarashi i ja nai ka. 17 .

Mattaku furui no ga arimasu ka. 18 . Yoroshii, sonon edan de kaimasho. 19 . Sonna nedan de wa totemo

ikemasen . 20 . Sore wa sukoshi takai ja nai ka.

1 . Is it not too dear? 2 . Am I in your l ight? 3.

We wi l l put the matter off unti l another time . 4 . Is

not this the Totsuka road? 5 . Kindly consider the

question very careful ly . 6 . Rice - fields abound in Japan .

7 . I must put th is in my note - book (so as to be certain

of remembering it). 8 . Wil l not th is do? 9 . I cannot

guess it (try how I may). 10. He empl oys the bestteachers for that chi ld. 11 . That is not so. 12 . I havebought my ticket (so that

’

s settled). 13 . You alwaysgive me good advice . 14. He gave up the attempt(after a l l). 15 . I cannot buy at that price . 16 . Why,this is new

,isn’

t it? 17 . Have you some real ly old

ones? 18 . Wel l , I w i l l buy at that price . 19 . Such a

price is outof the questi on . 20. Is notthatrather dear?

V ocabu lary .

kawaiso, worthy of pity, in kok oro,heart(metaphoric)

distress karada, body (of l iving creak iisuri

,medicine ture)

k owasu,to break (trans) nezam i , rat

an shin,me ntal ease kotowari , a refusa l

anshin suru, to f eel atease nagusameru , to console, to

kaera,to return (intran s.) cheer

i i -tsiikeru,to order dake, on ly, merely

The tenses of the Indicative empl oyed as adjectivesare fre q uently followed by no which is probably inthis sense an apocopated form of mono (th ing)(of . H.

J . G.

, p . thus :Kowashita no wa wata It was notI who broke it.kush i de gozaimasen,

Kowasu no wo mita yo, Why, I saw you break it

P A RT I I I .

READ ING EXERCISES.

NOTE—The Extracts in this Parthave been carefully selected from

the writings of the best authors and special care has been taken

to make the Readings progressive . beginn ing with easy and

gradual ly proceeding to more diff icultones. Interl inear translations

have been introduced into the earl ier specimens and the student

is recommended to adept a simi lar course with the later pieces

afterwards rendering them in idiomatic Engli sh . He shoul d then

retranslate them without the aid of the book and when translated,

compare them with the original . No translation of the concluding

Extracts has been given nor have the new words been inserted

in the Vocabularies as atthis stage the Student should be in a

position to manipulate a Dictionary . Footnotes have, however,

been appended in explanation of exceptional ly diffi cult idiomatic

constructions .

THE RAGMAN’

S BARGAIN .

A lady having a cast- off garmentwh ich she desires todispose of, cal ls a ragman to the door and the fo l lowingconversation ensues

Lady :—Choito ! kudzuya san ! k ore wo totte

a little ragman Mr . this having- taken

o kure . Ragman :—He, he ! h aiken itashimasho ; zuibungive Yes look w i l l- do rather

furubite soshite yogorete imasu na. Hehaving-become - old and having

- b.- dirty is

ikahodo ni itadakimasu Lady—Omaema funde

how -much for receive You having- reckon ed

goran yo . Ragman :—He, he , hassen de wa ikaga

8 -sen with how

sama?Lady :—Bakana k oto 0 i i de nai yo . Sorefoolish thing say isnot that

,

de mo moto wa takakfi te kirei d’atta yo ;

w ith even former ly and pretty was

See a. J . G ., p . 99.

READING EXERCISES 95

soun an i fumi - taosarete tamaru mon o ka ne?ao-much being- knockedp down endure thing

Ragman :—He ; moto wa takaku te kirci ui chigai

former ly dear pretty mistake

arimasenu ga ; kore ga chirimen nareba k oso hassenis- not but this crape because- it- is (cmp h ) 8 - sen

ni mo itadakimasu ; sore de nakereba do shite he .

for receive that for i f-were-not how having-don e

Lady :—Atarimae da ne ; da kara watai * mo hassen

ordinary itis is because I too

de wa iyada to iunda, ne ; ju go sen m o shi ; sorefor dis li ke saying is 15 do that

de omae ni son wa nai yo ! Ragman :—Dowith you to loss isnot how

itashimashite—sore ja maido negaun’desu kara , Jissen

having-done wel l then each time-order ing- is because IO- sen

ni itadakimasho. He, sore de yoroshikuba he .wi l l- receive that w ith ir-good

Lady—Shi kata ga nai ne ; motte o ide yo .

do-side i s-not having- taken go

Kudzu ya ho kago.

Free translation .

Lady—Here

,ragman ! wi l l you take this?Ragman .

Yes,Madam l kindly al l ow me to look at it. It is rather

old and soi led ; yes Madam : how much do you ask for

it?L.—You set your price . R.

—Yes,Madam ; wou ld

eight cents satisfy you? L.

—Don’

t ta lk nonsense : itwas very expensive and handsome when it was new

and I cannot let it be knocked down for so l ittl e as

that. R .—Yes

,Madam ; probably when itwas new it

was expensive and handsome, but as it is crape I w i l l

give you eight sen for it; if that won’

t suit then of

course L.—Wel l, you have a right to fix your own

price , but I, too, have a right to a say in the matter,

The use of watai for “ I ” is chiefly confined to women .


and I wi l l not take eight sen . Say fifteen sen ; you

wi l l not lose anything by it. R .—Madam

,I real ly

cannot However, as you are a good customer I wi l l

give you ten sen for it. I f that wi l l satisfyL.—We l l

,I suppose it must be so, take it away.

A VI SIT.

A pup i l an noun ces to herteacher the arrival ofagentleman .

Pupil—O sh ishe sama ye mush i - agemasu . Tadaima

teacher say- raise j ust- now

Yagiwara sama ga o ide ni narimashita ga, o imacome has- become Sitting- room

ye o toshi moshimasho ka. Teacher .—E, nan i?

pass Eh ! what

Yagiwara sama ga O,sayo desu ka. Ima yorithus itis rather

wa ano oku n o ko- zashik i ye go annai mushi - agetethan back smal l - room invitation

kudasai . Sore kara snye ye iitsukete, o tomo no

p lease that after ma id ordering suite

sh iu ui mo go sh iu * wo dashite,oku ye mo itsumo

peop le w ine putout always

no 0 ryori wo o mochi nasai yo. Hayaku nasaranu

of cooked- food take q uick ly do-not

to (ikenai) o isogi ka mo zonJImasenu yo .

if hurry even n ot- know

Shinso no gaj i n .

Free translation .

Pupi l .—Madam

,I beg to say that Mr . Yagiwara has

cal l ed. Shal l I ask him into the sitting- room?Teacher .

—Eh l what? Mr . Yagiwara Is that so?Do not ask him into the sitting- room butinto the smal lroom at the back . After that, order the servants to put

a See H. J . G . , p . 160.

98 APP. . JAPANESE GRAMMAR

Guard.-

.Mae wa Utsunomiya de atta ga,Matsudairawas but

Tonomo no kami don o to o kun i - kaye ui natte ,province- change having

- become

ima de wa Hizen no Shimabara da .

18

Tasuke.—Hizen no Sh imabara to in to k oro wa to

p lace far

gozaimasu ka .

13

Guards -Se sa. Shimabara made wa, sam byakuYes as- far-as three hundred

ich i ri han aru na. (Tasuke falls down in a swo onone ha lf is

on hearing th is .)Shiobara Tasuke (Yencho).

Free translation .

Tasuke.—Excuse me ; is th is the zashiki of daimio

Toda?

Guard .—Yes, this is the zashik i of daimio Toda .

Tasuke .- Then there is a person here of the name

of Sh iobara Kakuyemon who entered employmentfourteen

years ago?

Guard .- Eh? Shiobara? Yes

,he was transferred to

our country- station thirteen years ago, and so does not

l ive at this zashiki now .

Tasuke .—Your province is Utsunomiya in Kodzuke

is it not?

Guard—Formerly itwas Utsunomiya , but there hasbeen an exchange w ith (Lord) Mutsudaira Tonomo no

kami , and it is now Shimabara in Hizen .

Tasuke,—Is Shimabara in Hizen far away?

Guard.—Indeed it is. It is three hundred and one

ri arid a hal f to Shimabara.


A USELESS TALI SMAN

“ Inu no boern toki ‘tora to in J] wo te ui kaite

nigitte'

oreba,’

hoen,to omae ui kiite

,tonda me ui atta .

Hobo! do sh ite?Yube , yo fukete kara kaeru to

, kame * ga wan -wan

to hoe- kakaru yue, nigitta te we dashitara,kore ! konna

u i kamereta .

Fu! Sore wa,mada Nihon no j i wo sh iran kame dare !

Jogaku Soshi (adapted).

Free translation .

You told me that if a dog barked at anybody h ewou ld cease doing so if one wrote the Chinese characterfor “ tiger

”

on the palm of the hand,and kept the fist

closed. Wel l ! I have undergone a fine experience fromhaving l istened to you .

Indeed ! How is that?Lasteven ing, when I was returning home , an European

dog commenced to bark and attack me, so I held out

to him my clenched fist, and just see how I have beenbitten !Oh ! then very l ikely it was a dog who did not

understand the Japanese characters ]t

SHINZABUR6 AND O TSUYU .

Yamamoto Shl , a physician , has a friend HagiwaraShinzaburo atwhose house he cal ls one day saying :

“Kyo wa, tenki ga yoroshii—1 gozaimasu kara, Kameido

no Gwaryebai § ye dekakete, sono kaeri ui boku no

chikazuki Iij ima Heizaemon no besso ye yorimasho.

kame is a corruption of “come here ”

and is the term appl ied

to European dogs, because their masters so fre q uently use these

two words in cal ling them.

7 The efficacy of the Chinese character mentioned in this story,

to avertthe attacks of dogs is commonl y believed in by the lower

classes.

A garden in Tokio famous for its plum-trees .


Ima moshita Iijima no besse ui wa, fUJln bakaride

,—; sore wa ! sore wa l yohodo beppin no 0 josama ni

shinsetsu na jochu to tada futari- giri desu kara, jodan deme itte kimasho. Honto ni jesama mi ru dake de mekekke na kurai de, -ume mo yoroshii ga, ugoki mo

sh inai , kuchi mo kikimasen . Fuj in wa, kuchi mo kikuShi

, ugoki mo shimasu . Tomokaku k i- tamae !” to sasoi

dashimashite , futari- zure de Gwaryobai ye mairi, kaerin i Iij ima no besso ye tach i - yorimashite (contin ued).

Free translation .

As it is so fine today, let us go to see the plumblossoms at Kameido

,and on the way back , cal l atthe

vi l la of a friend of mine, Iij ima Heizaemon .

“ In th is vi l la there are on ly ladies, and, my word !there are but two of them,

— a real ly beautifu l gir l anda good

- hearted maid- servant so that we shal l enjoyourse lves. The young lady is real ly lovely to gaze upon .

No doubt the plumblossoms are lovely too, butthey donot move, ; they cannot ta lk , whereas women can bothmove and speak . At any rate, pl ease come along!Thus saying he led him away, and they went off to

see the plum- bl ossoms, and afterwards, on the way back ,cal led in at I ij ima

’

s villa.

SHINZAEURo AND O TSUYU (continued).

0 Yone the maid, appears atthe door, saying

Oya- oya ! irrasshaimashi ! Ma ! anata hisashiku o mie

nasaimasen kara, do nasatta ka to omotte, maido o

uwasa wo itashite orimashita. Dozo kochira ye o hai riasobase !

”

te,— kirido wo akemashita kara, “ Go men

kudasai l to,n iwa-

guch i kara zashik i ye tbrimashita.

(O Yone goes out and p resently return s saying .)0 jesama kara ‘Nan i mo gozaimasen ka, hon no

102'

APP. JAPANESE GRAMMAR

We have already had cold l iquor with us but this hotwine is indeed an especia l treat. Thanks very much !Kindly ask your young mistress if she , too, wi l l favourus w ith her presence . Itwas notfor the plum- bl ossomsin your garden that we cal led today. Rea l ly, it wasthe young lady whom Why, w hat is it?0 Yon e (Iaughing).—

“ Se I informed her just now,

but she said that she felt embarrassed, as she does notknow the gentlemen who accompan ies you . When,however, I repl ied ‘Then refuse to see him

’

she said” 7‘But I w ish to see him al l the same

SHINZABURe AND O TSUYU (continued).

Shij 6 .- Iya l kore wa boku no shin no chikazuki de

,

chikuba no tomo to moshite mo yoroshii kurai na monode, go enryo ui wa oyobimasen . Dozo chotto jo

'

sama ui

0 me n i kakaritakute mairimashita”

to iu te,—O Yone

wa yagate o josama wo tsurete mairimasu te ,—o josemawa hazukashise Di 0 Yone no ushiro suwatte, kuch i nouch i de “ Shijo san ! irasshaimashi !

”

to itta-

gi ri de,—OYone ga kochira ye kureba, kochira ye ik i ; achira yeikeba, ach ira ye i k i ; shijI

‘

I O Yone no ushiro ui bakarikuttsuite orimasu to

,

Sli ijo.—Kore wa l kore wa l Josama ! Sono nochi wa,

zonj i- nagara go busata itashimashita. Itsu mo 0 kawarimo gozaimasen de

,kekko de gozaimasu . Kono h ito wa,

boku no chikazuki de, Hagiwara Shiuzaburo to moshimasu . Dokush in - mono de gozaimasu . Kyowa hakarazu

tsuremashite , go chisc‘

) ui nari, esere- irimasu . Chotto ochikazuki no tame

,o sakazuki wo chodai itasasemasho.

Oya l nan’

da ka? Kore de wa, go konrei no sakazuki

no ye de gozaimasu—to, sukoshi mo togire naku tori

maki wo itashite orimasu te,—o josema wa, hazukashii


ga, mata ureshikute, Hagiwara Shinzaburo we yokome

de'

j i ro—j iro minai furi wo shi- nagara mite orimasu

te,—‘ki ga areba, me mo kuch i hodo n i mono wo ia’

tatoe no tori,Shinzabure mo josama no yoi ki ryo n i

mi- torete, muchfi mi natte orimasu . So ko suru uch i ui,yukei n i narimashita kara ,Shinzaburb

’

.—Kore wa haj imete ukagaimashite, haka

razu go chiso mi narimashita. M6 0 itoma itashimasu.

”

(continued)

Free translation .

Sl i ij 6 .—Why, there is -no need for her to be bashful .

This gentleman is a very intimate friend of mine andit wou ld scarcely be an exaggeration to say that wepl ayed together as chi ldren . We have come w ith themost sincere desi re to see her if on ly for a few minutes.

After Shijo had thus spoken , O Yone led in her youngmistress who

,it was easy to see

,was so shy that, after

welcoming Sh ij o - I n a low voice from her seat behindO Yone

,she was si lent

,and remained cl oseto O Yone

,

moving to and fro as the latter Sh ifted her position .

“Wel l, real ly, Miss O Tsuyu !” exclaimed Shijo

,

“ I amaware that I have been a fearful ly long time in comingto see you . I am charmed to find you as wel l in health asever . This is my friend, Hagiwara Shinzaburo ; he is abache lor . Happen ing to bring him with me today, wehave - been hospitably entertained, and are overcomew ith gratitude . Al low me to offer you the w ine- cup,j ust to

‘

celebrate the making of a fresh acquaintance .Ha ! ha ! what can th is be?At all events, it appearsas though we were cel ebrating a marriage !

”

And as

h e thus continued to keep the interest from flagging,Sake- drinking forms a promin ent partof marriage festivities

in Japan .


the young lady, although bashful , was pl eased too, and,whi l e pretending not to look at Hagiwara Shinzaburo,was casting sh eep

’

s- eyes at him ; and, in i l lustrati on - of

the preverb—‘where the desi re is,the eyes can signify

as much as the mouth,

’

Shinzaburo equal ly, captivatedby the lady

’

s charms, seemed to be in a dream.

Wel l, w ith al l this, the even ing was draw ing in, so

Shinzaburo said : Many thanks for your kind hospital ityatthis my first visit

,but I must new be taking l eave .

SHINZABURe AND O TSUYU (concluded).

O Yone—Anata ! mada e hayo gozaimasu . Mottosette go yururi asobashimase

”—te, o josema no kokoroarige no yosu we sasshi. ire - ire to tedomete orimasu

te,Shinzaburo me, kokoro no uch i wa omoi we kakete

orimasu ga, mada seken naremasen yue moj i- moj i shite :“Arigate zonj imasu . Shikashi yo n i irimasu to

,taku

no mono anj imasu yue, mata kasanete ukagaimasu to,

kotoba we nekoshite,tach i - kakemashita kara .

Shij 6 .

°— Sayonara, e itoma meshimasu . Kye wa ire- ire

go chiso ui narimashite, arigate gozaimasu . Izure kinj itsu,e rei kata-gata , e ukagai meshimasu .

—Sal HagiwaraKun

,o tomo itashimashe te

,—jibun wa katte marete

orimasu kara, O Yone to jedan i i - naga ra, genkwa no

he ye mairimasu Putari wa ki we kikash i , o jesamato Shinzaburo we ate n i nokeshi, jedau- maj i r i nI Ire- Ire

no hanashi we shi- nagara, saki ye mairimashita.

Ate ni Shinzaburo wa o jesama n i okurare- nagara ,h ito-me no nai no we saiwai ui

,hazukashisa we korarete,

kogoe de Dani ka kuchi- yakusoku we itashimashita kara,O Tsuyu Sama wa hazukashise ni :

“ Anata ! Sore de wa, mata kitte e ide kudasaremashi !

Kite kudasarauakereba, watakushi wa sh inde shimaimasu

ye !”

te,—murye no jo we fuk unde, omo i - kitte moshimashita.


FLEETING FASHION .

Wakai otoko ga futari Fukiya- che no Eri- zen no

mise- saki de ik i - aimashita tokoro ga, hitori wa awatadashiku te we futte,

“ Kimi u i wa iro - iro o hanash i moarimasu ga,

— ima kynya ga dekite , kitaku suru tokorodesu l kara, izure kinj itsu o tazune moshimashe

”to in

te ,—domo sono yosu ga hen da kara, hitori wa odoroite,

“Kyfiyo to wa,zgo byenin de me aru n

’3 desu ka,

”

to

kikimashitara,— hiteri wa, warai - nagara : “ Ie ! kanai n itanomareta hayari no han - eri we ima kono mise dekaimashita ga,

— 4 tochfi de temadette iru uchi ni ryukookure

,u i naru to

,taihen desu kara

,tach i- banashi me

o kotowari moshimashita no sa l”


Free translation .

Two young fel lows having chanced to meet before ahaberdasher’s Shep in Fiikiya Street, one of them wavedhis hand hasti ly, and exclaimed :

“ I have much to say

to you,but as pressing business demands my presence

at home just new ,I must defer our conversation for a

few days, when I w i l l cal l to see you at your home .”

The other,surprised at his friend’s. curious excitement,

asked him whatthis pressingbusin esswas,—if he intendedto say, for exampl e, that any one in the fami ly hadfal len i l l . “Oh ! no, answered the fi rst young fel low,

l aughing; “ I have justbeen buying here a sortof kerchiefwhich my wife desi red me to getfor her, and the reason

1 kitaku suru tokoro desii , I am j ust on my way home (cf . App.

H. J . G .

, p . 2 l it. as - for (your saying)that(there is)pressing busi

ness. 3 n’is here an abbreviation of no employed as an e q uivalentfor

koto (cf . App . H. J . G p . 4 the remain ing portion of the anecdote

is, l iteral ly, for (it) is dreadful if (she)becomes to laten ess-of- fashion ,

whilst(I ) am taki ng-time in the mad-centre, I refused even standing

speak ing. N0 is here emphatic (cf. App H. J . G . , p .


of my observing that I could not stop and tal k to younow, is that it wou ld be a dreadfu l thing if she wereto fal l behind the fashion wh i l e I was loiteringon theway.

”

AN EXAMPLE or PATIENCE .

Mukashi , Rokusuke to in otoko ga atte, nanigoto ni

me,hara we tateru to iu koto ga nakute ikani

'

mo

kann in - zuyoi tokoro kara, 1 yo no hito ga, adana shiteKann in no Rokusuk e ! Kann in no Rokusuke ! to yonde

orimashita. Shikaru n i,kono Rokusuke ga2 kann in - zuyoi

no we yo no hito ga mina hemeru no we kinjo no

waru i mono ga gohara ui emote : “Rokusuke we ichibankomarasete yare,

”

to,aru h i no koto

,oh aj i akuto ga

jfi n in bakari uchi—yori , i i - awashite, 3 Rokusuke ga

aruite kaeru ush iro kara tsukete itte 4 dashi - nuke ni

n igi ri ; kobushi we katamete, Rokusuke no atama we

poka- poka to to5 bakari naguri - tsuketa keredomo,

Rokusuke wa sumashi- konde 6 iku kara,—mata, bashi ri

yotte, konde wa,shi go nin kakatte

,oyoso go roku j i

‘

I

mo naguri - tsuketa keredomo,—Rokusuke wa yahari

sumash i - konde yuku no de,— akuto- domowa z Koitsu-me,

kore de me,nan

’

to me iwanu ka,

”

to,mina mina

tach i - yotte, konde wa, kazu kagiri naku, mecha-mechani poka-

poka to naguri - tsuketa keredomo,—Rokusuku

wa yahari sumashi- konde, kakubetsu okoru yo na keshiki

mo nai no de,sasuga no akuto mo esere- itte : “ Sate

mo ! Sate mo ! Rokusuke dono ! kik6 7 wa, ika naru jutsu

ga atte, kaku made ui yoku kann in ga dekimasu ka.

Chechaku ui au to iute mo,itsutsu ya to nara

,kann in

mo dekiyo keredomo,ima naze 8 wa, kiko no atama we

1 tokoro kara, on account of . 2 ya has here its primary sign ifi ca

tion of no (of) [See H. J . G . , p . 3 i i- awashite, p lann ing together ,

laying their heads together . 4 Note this Japanese idiom :“Arnita

kaeru ushiro kara”for “ Aruite kaette ita tokoro ga, ushiro kara.

”

5 t6 , ten blows . 6 sumashi- kende, fu l l o f i ndiff erence. 7 k ikF) , or

anata. 8 naze, or made .


oyoso go roppyaku mo butta de are n i,sukoshi mo

ganshokul we henzezu, kannin sh ite

,sumashi- konde

oru to iu no wa,n ingen no waza to wa mienai ga,

sadameshi kijutsu 2 no aru koto de are. Keno ue wa,

washi - ra no tsumi we yurushite, doka, sono kann in no

shiyo we oshiete kudasai”

to in te,

- Rokusuke wa z

“Ha—ha l ” to waratte ' “ Iya ! Nan i mo kann in suru no

ni,muzukashii denju 3 mo, kijutsu mo, nan ni mo nai .

Tatei watakushi ga, atama we go byaku butarete mo,

reppyaku nagurarete me, kannin suru no wa, tatta

hitotsu zutsu de am to itita no ui,—akuto- domo mo

kampuku shite : “He- h'

é ! Naruhodo ! So desu ka.

Watakushi- domo me,kore kara kono ich i gon 4 we

mamorimashe”

to iute,sore kara, one- one kokoro we

aratameta to in hanashi ga gozaimasu .

Mone—shiri - q ao.

THE F INANCIER AND THE COBBLER.

Mukashi,mukash i , zundo no c

"

i- mukashi , ima no chan

chan bozu no kun i de,To no yo n i

,5 Rinhakusu to in

namae no hito ga arimashite, kono hito wa Reibujiro 6to ka

,nan to ka, i n e yakun in sama de gozaimashita

kara,zeitaku wa shihodai, umai mono wa kui- hodai de,

j itsu ni eye eiga n i kurashite ita h ito de gozaimashita ga.

Sone o yakunim sama no ie no mae we, mainichi

mainichi, takigi we shotte,toru j ii ga atte, sono j ii ga,

takigi we utte,kaeri- gake n i wa

,kitte sake ni yetts,

hana- uta we utai nagara, same omoshiroso u i kaette

kimasu kara—kane Rinhakusu ga, kore we fushigi niomoimashite, aru hi , migi no Sh iba- uri j il we waga uch i

1 ganshoku we henzezu , withoutchanging countenance. 2 kijutsu,

black art 3 denju, teaching, instruction . 4 ichi gen , i . e. ,hitotsu no

kotoba. 5 T6 no yo n i, under the. T6 dynasty , about 650 AD .

6 Reibuj irfi , assista nt atthe Court of B ites. The expression is used

here in a jocular sense .


we dashite yarimashitareba, sh iba—uri j ii wa, taiso yorekonde, kaerimashita.

Suru to sono yokuj itsu kara, takigi we dossari shotte,mach i n i urimashite, kaeru toki ni wa

,sake me nemazu

,

uta mo utawazu ,isogashiso n i kaerimasu kara, Riuha

kuso mo fushigi ni omotte orimasu to,oyoso san ju

n ich i mo tatts . kane oyaj i ga, Riuhakus‘

u no is ye kite,zen i ik - kwammen we hori - dashite, moshimasuru n i wa

“Danna, kono aida wa, arigato gozaimashita ga, konozen i ga arimasu to

,ni ga omekutte

,ase- mizu we naga

sanakereba narazu ; mata, zen i no h okori we keya yekakushite oku mono desu kara, moshi dorobo de me

tori wa senu ka, 1 to, isoide kaerimasu kara, sake mo

nomu koto ga dekizu ; uta we utau koto mo dekimasen

kara, kono zen i wa o kaeshi mdshimasu .

”

to,hori

dashite, sarimashita so de gozaimasu 2

Kokkei kitori en zetsu .

A FORTUITOUS MEETING .

Chikamori Toki -o, a poor but intel l igentyoung studentgoes to see a display of fireworks. He meets a friend whomhe has not seen for many years, Sumida Umeko . The

latter addresses him thusUmeko.

—Moshi , o h ito chigai nara, gomen nasaimashi .

Anata wa Chikamori san to wa osshaimasen ka?Toki - a—Hai ! Boku wa Chikamori desu,

Chikamori

Tok i - o desu .

Umeko.

— Senuara, Chikamori san desu ka? Makotoui hi sashi

‘

i 0 me n i kakarimasen mono desu kara, donataka?to haj ime wa omoimashita

,—yoku,ma ! 0 tassha de

1 Tori wa senu ka torimasen ka. 2) Atthe end of a story

or recital so de gozaimasu is e q uivalentto our Engl ish express

ions : “ it is said,” “

it seems that,” “ it is related that.

” Thus“so

do gozaimasu” must not be employed at the termination of a

narrative of an event of which one has been an ocular witn ess or

of which the origin is certain .


’

Toki - o.— Anata wa Sumida no Umeko san deshita ka?

Umeko .— Hai lToki- o.

—Kore wa, shitsurei shimashita : Boku wa,

domo ! sakoshi wa mi- oboe ga arimashita yo na kokoromochi ga shimashita ga,—donata da ka?to, ima madehandan ui kurushinde 1 ita no de,

—makoto ni hisashiburide

,—mina San wa, o tassha desu ka?Umeko .—Arigato. Minna soken ni kurashite orimasu .

Anata wa konnichi wa, hana- bi ye o ide nas’

tta no

desu.

ka?

Toki - o.—So desu .

— Anata moUmeko .—Hai l—Anata no 0 sumai wa dechira desu?Toki - o.

—Boku no sumai desu ka l Boku no sumaidesu ka? Boku no sumai wa, Bunkaido to in honyano ura de,

- iya! demo! k itauai tokoro deUmeko .—He- hé ! Bankside to in no wa, Kofu 2 no

desu ka?Toki - e .

—Hai ! Kofu de

Umeko .—Anata wa, toj i wa, dono gakko ye o ide ni

narimasu?

Toki - e .-Doko ye mo yukimasen . Mainichi uch i ui

bura- bura sh ite oru no de,

“ kyo wa koko ni banabi gaam

”

to shimbunshi no Shirase n i,ichimeku- san n i tobi

dashite kita no de,—toki ni

,Koichi 3 kun wa ai- kawarazu

go benkyo deshe .

Umeko .—Mo Tokyo ye itte ich i nen amari sugimasu

ga,—kono aida no yobin ni wa

,Tokyo no yosu we kaite

yokeshimashita. Sono owari ni : “Tok i - o kun wa nan iwe shite oru ka? Sokeu de oru ka? Henj i we dasu

yo ni to arimashita. Ani mo zuibun benkyo shiteoru yo desu .

Toki - o.- Ha—ha l Sodesu ka? Sore de boku wa anshin

1 Handan n i kurushinde, scarcely being able to decide. 2 Kofu ,

chief town of the departmentof Yamanashi 3 Koichi, Umeko’

s brother .


shimashita.—Doka, Koichi kun ni : “ Boku no tassha de

oru koto,narabi D i

,fujobun Dagara mo

, benkyo shiteoru to in koto we shirashite kudasai .

Umeko .—Hai l So itashimasu .

Toki - o.—Ima h i ga kurete shimaimasu kara

,taku

ye kaerimasho.—Doka, o uch i ye yoroshiku Koich i

kun ye mo, yoi tayori Di, sono yosh i l we

Umeko . Chitto taku ye o asebi ni

irasshaimashi .

Toki - a—Arigato. Mata,ori we m ite

,ukagaimasho .

Nintai no hana .

THE MOUSE MAY AID THE LION .

Tan in n i taishite shinsetsu“

Di shimasuru koto wa,

kesshite mu—eki to wa 2 naranu mono de arimasu . Done

yo Da tsumaranu mono no yo de me,kore Di shinsetsu

we tsukushite okimasureba, sore wa kitte itsuka Dan ika no koto D i tsuite

,sono h ito yori suk uwareru yo naru

koto ga arimasu . Hitotsu tatoete o hanash i wa itashimasho.

Aru h i no koto de arimashita. Shish i o ga, horanaDi oite , h iru- ni we itashite orimashita toki

,aru ke- Dezumi

ga. ach i koch i to kake- mawaru hyoshi Di, omowazu

shish i o no hana ye kaka- agatte, h iru- De no yume weodorokashimashitareba, sh ishi o wa taiso hara we tate

,

te we nobashimashite, furuete oru nezumi we osaema

sh ite, tada h ito tsubushi D i itaso to shimasuru to,nezumi

wa kanashige Da koe we agete :“ Tsui itashita no do

gozaimasu . Doze tasukete kudasaremase. Watakushi

no yo na mi no iyashiki mono Di,tattei o te we 0

kegashi nasaremashite wa,-mottainaku

”

to issho- kemmei

n i wabi - geto shimasureba, shishi 0 Di wa nezumi no

esere- chij imaru 3 sama we mite , warai nagara, kore we

1 Yoshi, circumstance. 2 to wa, for, to shite wa. 3 osore-chij imaru ,

with body contracted by fear .


Doguya .—Mesh i Chikamori san l anata me manzara

ningen no tsura we .~kabutte iru kara wa gi ri n inje

wa baka de me wakimaete iru ke

sh ite, mainichi dekakete kuru no me, mone- zuki de

kuru no de wa gozaranu zo l—Suzuri no dai ya tsukue

no dai wazuka da keredomo kinsen da. Ich i men, ui

men me, sematsu ni wa dekinu : ish i ya kawara wa,mich i- bata ui tahusan keregete Iiru keredomo, kanebakkari wa taishita ikura sukoshi no kaneda tote, uke- terazu de wa orarenai . Doka kippari kyokese wa, kane we dasu to me dasanu to me

,tsuru no

hito kee l we kikashite kudasai .Tok i—e .

—Kore wa, e futari sama gata , tabi- tabi no

go sekurc‘

) 2 esere - irimasu . Watakushi da tote , kane weharawanu to iu de wa arimasen ga,

—geran no tori no

arisama de ikura go saiseku mi azuk atte mo,mete

yeri nai mono desu Jitsu ui,watakushi wa,

mina san ga tabi- tabi go saisoku n i e ide kudasaru

mono desu kara, doka hayaku henkyaku,iya l haraitai

to omoimashite, iro- iro kuf‘u we itashite mo,umai

kinsaku 3 we dekimasen yue, yondekero naku,mawaranu

fude 4 we mawashite, tsumaranai shesetsu we Che - jutsuno mane we Shite imasu ga,—kore demo Shuppan sh ite

,

i kura ka kane we eru tsumori desu ga,—d6 ka, ima

sukoshi no aida, go kamben we negaimasu . Watakushi(la tote , giri n inje we shiranu mono de wa arimasen .

Kane we taosu 5 ye na koto wa itashimasen . Hensai

to iu koto me shitte orimasu ; harau to iu koto mezenjite orimasu yue, kakubetsu no go rensatsu we mette ,sukoshi no yfiyo we negaimasu .

1 Tsuru no hito koe,“a single cry of the crane .

” A figurativeexpression signi fying a decis ive utterance .

”2 for saisoku

no re, the trouble you have taken to come and demand what is due

to you . 3 k insaku, empedient to p rocure mon ey . 4 . mawaranu fude ,

u nsk ilful p enci l (brush) 5 to cause to lose money .

EXERCISES 115

Makiya .- Iya, iya, narimasen . Senna furu—kusareta

I I - nuke l we kik i - akite , mimi ni wa, ippai take - darake .2

Honto naraba, ima made saisoku n i kita zori- ch in me

ka- myfi 3 su beki da ga, kore wa makete yaru to shitemo, ich i yen wa morawaneba naranu . Chikamori san

,

iya l Tok i - e san , i i - wake wa yame to sh ite,hemmi ’ no

kane 4 we haratte kudasai .

Deguya .—Ame no furu hi me, kaze no h i me kaka

sazu mainichi kayoi - k ite , m6 saiseku ‘ wa akimashita.

Dekinu nara,dekinu de yoroshi i : sono kawari n i, tsukue

to suzuri, ano furu- boshi furu-

gutsu me nekorazu mettemairimashe.

Makiya .—Susube i san ga so suru nara, watakushi

mo nan i ka he- ho l ano yagu to kono debin nan

da?kuch i go. kakete iru,—mo heka'

ni wa

Toki .i—Iya ! mosh i , sore wa ! doze ga kamben we

sukoshi wa,rish i mo fu suru 5 tsumori desu kara

Doguya .—Rish i me kasu me aru mono ka?

Mal aya— Sai l Susubei San , zaisan - shirabe wa ikag a

desu?Doguya .

—Shech i da. Shech i da.

(On this,the creditors prepare to carry away Chika

mori’

s few articles of furn iture, butj ustatthismoment

an old frien d of Chikamori app ears on the scen e. The

n ew- comer restrains the men and rep rimands them in

the following terms )Kore wa

,ryonin ! yoku kik i yo l tan in no ie ui abate

kemi, zaisan- shirabe me futo- buteshii,6 ikani kane we

saiseku suru ni shite me, nai mono ga kaeseru mono

ka l Keno hito wa heishin teite Shite : “

yfiyo we shite

1 i i-nuke, subterfuge, evasion . 2 mimi ui wa, ippai take-darake ,

my ears are covered with blisters. 3 zori-chin we ka-nyu 8 0 , I

ought to add the cost of shoes worn out in this incessantj ourn eying .

4 hemmi no kane, good money . 5 in suru , to add to. 6 futo-butoshii,

in a rough man ner.


kure to mosu de wa nai ka?Kaesanu, harawanu to

itta no de wa nai ; sukoshi ekureru bakari de, kane wekaesu n i wa chigai nai . Sore we mo kiki- wakezu

,

tadaima no rambo Nan i ! keisatsusho ye h iki-watashi,Soto no shobun we ewaseru no de aru ga,

—yurushite

yaru hodo ni, kore kara wa kesshite rambo wa naranai

ze ! [giving them a bank- note] saT! kono kane de haraitsukawasu ze i—senkoku yori no burei no kejo, 1 Chikamori kun ui wabi we seyo l

Nintai no hana .

THE TepEn’

S DREAM.

Take- zuki ga am hi futsuka-

yoi de zutsu ga shimasu?

kara, hach i - maki we shi- nagara nete iru te, yume n i

sake we h ito - taru hirotte,o-

yerekobi de, nerhan sakikara Shita- uch i shite

,

“ Kanre ! kanro l keitsuhiroi-monewa l 3 Keisatsu- sho ye tedokeru no

‘

ga atarimae da ga,— sake to kite wa4

,mi- nogasenai . Mazu ip-

pai yarakaso

ka?—Iya ! enajikuba5, kan we shite nomu he ga i i”

to

itte,kan we tsukeyo to suru toki , ju- ni- j i no don -ne

oto 6 ui odoroite,me ga samemashita kara, zannen -

gatte“Aa ! bayeku h iya de nemcha yekatta l

”


1 insolent words. 2 See H. J . G . , p . 104 . 3 Literally, as for this

fellow, the p ick-up

-thing, which may be rendered by“Here’s a haul !

”

Wa has here an exclamatory or emphatic force . 4 Literally, as for

havi ng come as dr ink , intended to signi fy a windfal l of drink ,

”the

idiom being one commonl y used of unexpected events . 5 Literally,“ if it is the same (i . e . al l the same), it is good to drink ithavingmade heating.

”Japanese win e (sake)is more palatable when warmed ,

and is usually taken so . 6 In Tokio a gun is fired atnoon to give

the time to the inhabitants .

THE KATAKANA SYLLABARY .

VOWEL SYLLABIOS.

CONSONANT SYLLABICS.

THE KATAKANA 119

2 .

'

It shou ld be Observed thatthe Consonantsyl labicsare quite i ndependent of the other characters of the

Syl labary. That is to say, the outl ine of the Vowel '

syl labic 1»

(i), for instance, does notenter into the formation of the Consonantsyl labics

“y (shi) or : (n i)although

the sound of 1’ is an integral component of these syl l

abies.

3 . The form and sound of each character in the

Katakana must, of course be thorough ly memorized bythe student

,and to effect th is most expeditiously h e

shou ld carefu l ly copy each one, fol lowed by its Roman izedform, about twenty times

,reading its sound aloud as

he w rites it. This process repeated a few times shou ldsu f fice to render the Syl labics fami l iar to his eye and

enabl e him to reproduce them in imagination when

pronounced. In writing, natives employ a brush butthe Eng. student is advised to use a pen ,

as considerabl e

practice is necessary before the former method can be

employed w ith anything approaching dexterity.

NOTES ON THE SYLLABARY .

4 . G series . The sound heard in the Engl ish hard g,in give, good, etc. is rendered in Japanese by the

K series written with the n igeri . Th is ru l e is invariabl e when these syl labics stand at the beginn ing of

words, but when in other positi ons their censonantale lement becomes l ik e ng in the Engl ish word thing.

Thus 7 “

:f‘ is Roman ized as gugo, but pronounced

as gang- o (not gun -

go).

It is, perhap s, needl ess to point outthat, with the exception

of n , a consonant cannotbe written by itself in the native character.

For example ; the consonantal element of the word “

go”in Engl ish

can be represented alone, thus : butthe consonantal sound (k)involved in the word if (k i), tree, cannotbe represented alone .

I n English writing and printing the pages commence atthe

tap left-hand corner and the letters follow one another horizontally


Obs—1 . In Western Japan these syllables representthe hard g

sound wherever placed .

2. When used as a postposition 79 ga is pronounced as if in the

body of a word, i .e . as nga .

5 . 8 series. These syl labics, w ith one exception,are sounded by combining the Engl ish sharp s (as insay, see

,etc.) w ith the vowe l sounds. The Japanese

are unabl e to,or at all events do not

,combine the

consonanta l e l ement of s w ith the vowe l sound i , andthey substitute the sound of sh in the w ord sheet; thus,I eshi ;

f f » ishi .

6 . Z seri es . The S series with the additi on of the

n igeri serves to represent Z sounds . Most of these areenunciated by connecting the consonanta l el ement of

soft 3 in case, lose, etc.,w ith the vowels. The syl labic

9 however, practical ly exh ibits the sound j i or dj i , andx“

is a lmost l i ke zu or dzu ; thus j z is read kaze,

but ‘

9’

9 is read saj i (dj i), and x“

k izu (dzu).Obs—When employed as a negative ending of a verbal form, x

“

is pronounced dzu, notzu ; thus 7] 7 fi'

x“kakusadzu .

7 . T ser ies. The combination of the censonantal

el ement of the Engl ish tin mate,time, w ith the vowels,

is exhibited by most of these syl labics. Ti and tu,

however,are not used in Japanese, be ing replaced by

chi (tchi) and tsu .

8 . D seri es . Mostof these are enun ciated by attach ingthe vowe ls to the censonantal el ement of the English d

in does,made. Di and da are, however, replaced by

d(j i) and dzu .

across the page, butin Japanese each page commences atthe top

right-hand corner and the letters (syl labics) are placed under one

another in successive columns and thus the last letter on the page

is situated atthe bottom left-hand corner. I n this work, however,

the Japanese characters are arranged as in Engl ish to simplifytype

- composition .


(b) The sound of $11 (w)i , is i , wi , and yi accordingto association .

(c) The w sound of 7 we is rej ected atthe commencement Of

’

a word ; thus 7 7b 7k is pronounced (andwritten) okame .

(d) The w, sound is retained when 7 we, is employedas a postposition .

0 bs.—The vowels e, i , and 0 , when fol lowing another vowel or the

consonant n , are pronounced, (and by some authors,written, in

Roman ized Japanese) ye, y i and we respectively ; thus tsue, stick,

and shio , salt, are pronounced tsuye and shiwo

Exercise No . 1 .

(Write the f ol lowing words, p lacing after each its Roman

transliteration as shewn in the firstgroup).

(1) fi kasa ; f r } bara : 7 :t; 2. tsubomi . (2) l: L;7 m z s r

«D J-l) ;

i ru (”

D e n i m /w r y

{ mfl a '}

7 h i [14C] ; T ?‘

y ; n yr 1)

(1) kasa ; bara ; tsubomi. (Q) h ito ; tsuma ; kodomo .

(3) hato ; hon ; nedoke . (4) haru ; hana ; tegami . (5)hashi ; matsu ; Shikashi. (6) yuri ; (y)eda ; yudeno. (7)kami ; moshi ; hayash i . (8) fuyu ; natsu ; tamago. (9)aki ; kara ; tsunemi . (10) take ; mori ; tayori. (11) onna ;betan ; tenugui . (12) otoko ; amashi ; haori .

This refers the studentto par. 140 when a rule will be found

bearing on the word, and similarly in subse q uent cases.

THE KATAKANA 123

E x ercise No . 2 .

(Write the f ollmving words p lacing after each its translitera

tion into the K atakana as shewn in the firstgroup).

(1) suru X W ; shina getoshi :r‘

is y . (2) n in ;tenki : shikata . (3)kuch i ; kashira ; sumikake . (4)katsu ;wate rn ; kakushite . (5) kirin ; asamadaki ; utsushi . (6)bongo ; hayaku ; asagara. (7) kegen ; kotoba ; sukunashi .

(8) tonde ; hirei ; asagita . (9) akaku ; n ingen ; magaraneba. (10) kubuu ; nasuhi ; sugureba. (11) meiken ;noberu ; atarashiki . (12) tsume ; furuki ; watakushi .

K ey .

(10 77 7 ;

7 3 W ; 77 7‘

y 7

(in f i r m / ca i fl fi‘

y t

MODIFICATIONS OF THE SYLLABICS BYASSOCIATIONS.

15 . The primary values of the various syl labicsundergo numerous modifications in certain associ ations.

Both vowe l and consonantal sounds participate in thesechanges and the principl es underlying them must be

cl early apprehended by the student. For exampl e ; thewords ‘

f and would be pronounced (andwritten ,

in the Roman character), j iyau and j ifu respectively, according to the component symbols, but as wil lbe seen l ater

,the interaction of the juxtaposed syl labics

induces such changes in their original values that the


former word is pronounced, (and written) jo, wh ilstthel atter becomes ja. From these two exampl es it is

mani fest that it would be quite usel ess to furn ish thecharacters of the syl l abary without supplying the rul esin connection with the changes of sound they undergo ,as several writers have done . These rul es w i l l now bediscussed at l ength and although there are a few otherdivergenci es of pronunci ation pecu l iar to the l anguagethey are of minor importance , and these exhibited wi l l ,if heedful ly appl i ed, enabl e the student to read any

ordinary book in the native character with fluency and

ease .

I . MODIF ICATION OF VOWEL SYLLABLES.

The juxtaposition of the Vowel syl l abics produces thefol l owing modifications16 . The reiterati on of a Vowel syl labic imparts to it

a doubl e long, or slow sound ; as, 7 7 d ;I f 1

’i*;

z a ; thusyr yr5

3

is written and pronounced"

oj i .

1 :r. e .

’ l ’ l i a, niye.

17 . The juxtaposition of dissimi lar Vowel syl l abics

produces the following variations

(a).“

7 a, induces the sound of ye in a fol lowing :1: e .

(b). 7 a, induces the sound of we in a following yr0 .

(c). a, and g a

,when written together general ly

coal esce and are pronounced as a doubl e long, or sl ow 6 .

(d). I e,and i t

,when written together are gener

al ly pronounced as ye .

(e). 4 i , induces an i nitial y sound in other vowelsfol lowing.

Long 1 is notused by some transl iterators, the i being written

twice, and care ful speakers generally pronounce each one distinctly.


remain ing vowels combine w ith the preceding vo '

welsound; thus

ai . « f ax ie . r ag a.

2 . V owel f ol l owing Con sonant sy ll ab l es .

19 . The association of Consonantand Vowel syl lables,the Vowels fol lowing the Consonants, induces vi rtual lythe same modifications as those attending the association of Vowel syl labl es on ly, as i l lustrated previ ously ;thus

7 ko. tr ro.

nyu .if kyu.

5 fi q g‘

robe .

“3 7 3 7 moyo.

20 . It has been shown [17d] that I is pronouncedas yo, and the same pecu l iarity attends the combinationof w ith any Consonant syl labl e in which the vowelsoun d e occurs ; thus

7 kyb. hyo.

21 . When a fol lows a syl labic in e bel onging to one

of the series in wh ich the in itial consonant is modifiedbefore i (e .g. in the T series where t becomes ch), theresu ltingmodification is a l ittl e perp l exingto the beginner,but the fol low ing explanations w i l l probably suffice tomake cl ear the pecul iar phenomena.

22 . Native grammarians regard e as being equal toi + a

,so that en is

‘equ ival ent to iau . As observed in

par. 17c, 7 e an,is sounded as 6

,so thatthe el ements

i a u combine into to or yo (17d).23 . New

,in accordance with the rul e stated in par.

20 the combination ‘

7" de u should be w ritten dyo,

but as d before the sound i or yi has its equivalent in

(d)j i (par. de it becomes j i yo and then jo.

Simi larlychb

’

.

she.

i fi te u z chi yo

~

E fi se u z shi yo

THE K ATAKANA 127

24 . Since the syl labics of the H series are vi rtual lyvowelswhen placed otherwise than atthe commencementOf words (par. the modifications of pronunciationoccurri ng when preceded by Consonant syl labl es shou ldbe noted. In this connection the changes they

‘

undergoare virtual ly identical with those induced when theyare preceded by Vowe l syl labl es ; thus

n kiwa . I: koi .

3 « tae .

‘

j‘

cianao.

1x 7 ha fu z ha u Z ho.

:13 7 ho fu z ho u z ho.

ta t}; ho ho = ho o z ho.

:r‘

7 go fu go u _ go .

7 t wo hi z o hi oi .

25 . The syl labic 7 fu,as the terminal of a verb

,

when fol lowing syl lables whose vowel element is a or e,

rej ects the f, but the remain ing it does notcoal escew ith the preceding vowel into 6 ; thus

1 7 is not n o, but nau .

yr CE 7 ome omeu .

Obs—There are a few words in which 7 fu, retains its initial

when preceded by other syl lables, but these exceptions are un

M pertant and need notbe noted here.

II I . MODI F ICATION OF CONSONANT SYLLABLES .

26 . From the preceding observations with regard to

the mutual influence of the Consonantand Vowel syl labl esupon one another, the studentwil l readi ly understandthe modifications induced by the interaction of juxtaposedConsonant syl l abics, which w i l l now be discussed .

1 . E l id ed or Coal escent soun d s .

27 . When the syl labl es i f ya, 2 . ya , 3 yo, u,or

the combined syl labl es “Y 7‘

y6 , 3 yo, and the l ike,

128 APP. JArANESE GRAMMAR

are preceded by the syl labl es‘

y shi, 7 j i , and =j~ chi ,

the in itial and final sounds on ly are pronounced ; thusV

Y shi ya 2 sha .

‘

y 7 shi u shi—t.

y l j i yu _ ju . v l uyu u z j u .

-F 3 j i yo j o.=j~ “

Y chi ya cha .

5”

a chi yo che .

‘

f :1: chi ye chic .

‘

y”Y a shi ya u

“

2 shi yo she .

‘

y :L 7 shi yu u 2 : shi yu shit.

=f'

7 chi ya u 2 chi yo ch'

e'

.

i f 3 7 chi yo u chi yo cho.

2 . Q u ick en ed or El iminated soun ds.

28 . When the syl labl e 7 ka,not at the beginn ing

of a word,is repeated or is fol lowed by another syl labl e

of its series, the i t sound is rejected ; thust“

7 :1 bikko JV 7 3?kakhi29. When preceding 7 wa, the syl labl es 7 ha

,and

7°

gu ,l ose the it; thus

7 7 d‘

V“

V ku wa i shi ya kwaisha (or kaisha,[see par. 27 for the —sha].30 . When a syl labic of the K

,S,T or P series

follows the syl labl e 7 tsu,not at the beginn ing of a

word,its sound, (i .e . tsu) is suppressed, and the cen

sonantal sound fol l owing is doubl ed ; thus7 7 7 7 mattaka . l: 7 :1 Z. hikkomu .

31 . When the syl labl e 7 tsu,not at the beginn ing

of a word, precedes a ch sound, the u is suppressed, thus

f f 7 itchi f f 7 5‘

7 itcho (par.

32 . When the final sound of a word is u,occurring

either as a vowel syl l abl e or as an element of a con

senant syl labl e , the u sound is suppressed or l ightlypassed over ; thus

7 l) "e X arimasu . 7 7 maisit.

After k and y it is Optional to insert or omitw; thus kwashi

or hashi (cake).


7 7 1 7 8 (10 7 7 7 7 8 ; r a r r v

(5) y 7 w e; H z 7 e n ; 4 n e w (6) r t: n w ;

7 s 7 u s 7 7 7 w (n v 7 e a 7 7 n 7 5

7 « \ rv 7 (8) 7 7 ;“

E 7 7 7 5 ; 7 7 9 8

(9) 29

1 7 8 7 8 ; a l i a s; 4 7 4 7 3

7 7 2 ;

31 “ ’ l 7 ; 29

T‘

7 7 V 8 (15073

3 7 7 8 ; 7 3 7 7 4 8 ;

7 ‘7 (13) 7 7 7 7 8 ; 7 X“

7 10 ; X H 7 7

1 . (17d ; 27) 2 . (18 ; 25) 3 . (18) 4 . (19) 5 . (20 etc, ; 24)

6 . (20 etc .) 7 . (24) 8 . (27 ) 9 . (80) 10. (33) 11 . (17d)12 . (18 ; 24) 13. (19 ; 24) 14 . (24 ; 25) 15 . (29)

K ey . (1) yojo; iwau ; on . (2) Doko; nyoho; kyogo.

(3) hyosei ; naosu ; sh1‘

1tome . (4) jfiaku ; joban ; tsumette .

(5) tsfikeru ; deyobi ; iwao . (6) aiban ; nyoho; kvfiro.

(7) ryOshi ; kyobo; taeru . (8) sou ; Shofuku ; shuj i . (9)j iibin ; iwashi ; iu iu . (10) iiau ; ryfito ; nyoketsu . (11)n iou ; kowai ; jodan . (12) jochu ; choai ; k(w)aj i . (13)jobun

'

; ffi suma ; suo.

Ex ercise No . 5 .

(2)“

E 7 9 7 5 (3) : ct tb'

;

£ 6;

"

13 7 7 7 7 (4) 7 7 7 7 7 8 ;

7 7 52 9 (59 7 7 4 1 7 10; 2 7

7’

V i t e/ 8 ; A“?i f 7 9 “ f it/ 2 ;

it e/ 7 7 4 (9) x I: 7 7 7 12 ; 7 7 7 7 t 7

(10) 7 7 7 7 7 11 ; T u r n/ 2

(11) 7 7 7 7 7 4 7; 7 7 7 33 8 ; 7 7 7 9

U% 4 « 7 a r u a x ; r z 7 c r 7 8

1 . (17c ; 28) 2 . (I 8) 8 . (19) 4 . (10) 5 . (20 etc .) 6 . (24)7 . (20 ; 24) 8 . (27) 9. (30) 10. (29) 11 . (33) 12 . (25)

THE K ATAK ANA 131

K ey . (1)ozokkoku ;uwaye ; I igai . (2)ryuyei ;membeku ;sheju. (3) n ioi ; kiwami ; shosatsu. (4) jodo; chiezuku ;atta . (5)g(w)aikoku ; n ish

‘

iki ;uwabe. (6) ryuko; komban ;nuime . (7) chocho; juban ; bakkin . (8) kakubetsu ;owaSeru ;

'

uembetsu . (9) suimono ; shiman ; chotsugai .(10) chobo ; chikiisho; uawaseru . (11) chochoshii ; chobo ;katte . (12) iede ; oiyome ; jubyo.

The student shou ld now be in a position to read connected words and sentences, and to exercise him

therein,we have chosen twelve Japanese Proverbs dividing

them into two portions arranged in two Exercises.

Ex ercise N o . 6 .

(Write the f o l lowing Proverbs p lacing under each word its

Romanized equivalent).

7 77 7 f ir/o

’l‘

(2) 7 7 7 7 I t“

7 « \ 7 x“

o

o> r v 7 2 7 7 r h r vo

(4) V 4 is‘

j‘

u/o

(5) 7 7 Is A

<6) w .E s 7 7 M u.

K ey . (1) Shu ni maj iwareba akaku naru .

(2) Rakkwa, eda ui kaerazu .

(3) Chiri tsumette yama to naru .

(4) Rei sugureba, shitsurei to naru .

(5) Kuchi ui to wa taterarenii .

(6) Sam me,ki kara otsuru .

Sentence 1 . For shi -ya coalescentas shu see par. 27 page 127 .

Sent. 2 . Bakhwa for rakukuwa ; see par. 28, page 128 for the

doubled k ; see par. 29 for the el ided u in the second ku .

There are no capitals in Japanese, buta large open , or solid,

circle is used to indicate the commencementof a chapter or section ,

and a small open, or closed, circle placed atthe lower righthand

corner of a word serves as a full stop, thus 0 or 0


Ex ercise N o . 7 .

(1) “ if XWX‘

O

@) 3 3 N x e 7 v w 7 7 x 7 7 » .

(3) 7 ha v e 3 7 3 A.

(4) T X K‘

(5) fi ef n fi

h TWO

(6) 3 h 'V 7 } 7

27 7 Z o

K ey . (1) Mekura hebi n i eym .

(2) Koteba okereba, sh ina sukunashi .

(3) Muri ga toreba, dori hikkomu .

(4) Uri no tane ui,nasuhi wa haen i‘i .

(5) Wazawai mo saiwai no hash i to naru .

(6) Nezumi toru neko wa, tsume we kakusu .

Sentence 2 . Okereba for ohokereba ; see par . 18 . For st‘

ikunashi

see par. 33.

Sent. 3. TOreba for tohoreba see par. 24. Dor i for dauri ; see

par. 19. Hikkomu for hitsulcomu ; see par 30.

Sent 4 . Haenu for habena ; see par. 24.

Exercise N o . 8 .

(a) Re write the Romanized f orm of Exercise 6 p lacingunder each word its litera l Eng lish equiva lent, and afterwards,

(b) Translate into idiomatic Eng lish.

K ey , (a).

(l ) Shu ni maj iwareba akaku naru .

vermi lion w ith ir-mix ed, red becomes

(2) Rakkwa eda ui kaerazu .

fa l len -nower, branch to not-returns

(3) Chiri tsumette yama to naru.

dust heap ing, mounta in that becomes


(4) A mel on seed does notproduce an egg-

plant. (c.f .“ A

purse cannot be made from a sow’

s ear, and,

“ Do not

attemptto p lace old heads on young shoulders,

”a lso, “Cast

not pearls before(5)Even adversity (sometimes)becomes a bridge to prosper

ity (i .s. m isfortun es are sometimes blessings in disgu ise).(6) The rat- catching catconceals her claws (i .e. dangerous

person s conceal their tactics (c.f .

“ Do notbe deceived byappearances

I I . THE HIRAGANA .

NOTE—The nigeried letters have notbeen inserted in this Syll abary.

They are, however, formed from the others exactly as in the

Katakana.

Formerly, each syl labl e of the Hi ragana was rendered

by numerous distinctcharacters. Most. of these, however,have now become obsol ete and those new to be presentedare the remain ing standard forms learnt in schools

,and

w ith minor exceptions they are those atpresentempl oyedin newspapers and books circu lating among the masses.

In each case the form of the syl labic placed first isthatmost common ly used.

The characters in this Syl labary must be memorized

by the studentin exactly the same manner asthose of theKatakana and when he has become fairly fami l iar withthem he shou ld turn back and proceed to transpose into

the Hi ragana character alll

the words given previously in

the Katakana. This latter is, of course, merely a process

of substitution,and Whatever has been said in connection

w ith the Katakana appl i es equal ly to this Syl labary ;thus

,exactly as the name of the capital of England may

be represented graph ical ly as“LONDON

”

or“London

so also may the Japanese word“ Kashira ”

be renderedby three syl labics (hashi - ra) in the characters of either

Syl labary, the pronunciati on remain ing the same whichever form be adopted . For this reason it has been

considered unnecessary to furnish specia l Exercises in

connection w ith the Hi ragana.


chikai , near ; chikai uchi, soon .

chittomo,not a bit; not at all

cha, street, ward.

chokhi , waistcoat.chon in . merchant.

chi mon , order (at a shop,

D

dai , a table.

dai ,large, great, very (employed in

compounds, as,dai-ki rai

, greatlydisl iking).

daij i na, important.dai ku , carpenter.

dake , as , on ly, about.

dare kara, f rom whom?

dare no de , whose one ?

dare ga (no or W0), who .

7

dare ka,somebody (or other).

dare ui (or ye), to whom

dasu , to talce out, to put outs ide .

de -kakeru , to set out, to startoj ldempa. telegram.

deru ,to come out of , to issue, to

go out.

denshin - nen ,telegraph

~wire.

dbgu , utensils, househo ld ej ects .

Doitsu . Germany .

dfika ; (152 0 . please (see App. H.

J . G ., p.

doko, where ; whatp lace?

dorobfi ,robber, thief .

e ; ye . picture.

eda branch (of tree, river,

ekaki , artist.

empitsu , penci l .

ongumi . a marriage.

en -kin ,distance, how f or?

enryo. diffident; curyo suru, to be

F

f‘ude , pen (writing); fude- sashi,

penestand.

fnj in ,lady .

fune , boat, ship .

furu , to f al l (only of rain ,

furue o, a tremulous voice .

fi itodoi i (na), insolent.futsugb na, ineonvenient; bad .

G

gakk fi , school, college.

gaki , during,while, as, kaeri-gaki ,

on the way, whil e returning.

gedai . title (of play,

gej o, (maid servant.

gohan, rice f ood ; dinner.

goro. time, about, as, kono gore,now, lately .

gurai. about(approximately).

gyosha, driver (of a vehicle).

gyfi-niku . beef .

H

ha,leaf (of tree).

hachi , bowl , pot.

haeru, to grow.

haha, mother (one’

s own).haha sama . mother

haitatsu, postman .

hairu , to go in , to enter.

hai , j ly (insect).haishaku sum , to borrow.

haj imeru , to begin (trans ).haj imete , f or the first time.

hako . box .

hambun , half .

hankechi . handkerchief .

hana- ik e , vase .

banasu . to speak, to say.

hanashi , story (narrative).hanahada , very .

hana -ffiki . pocket-handkerchief .

hanj i . J udge.

hanareru , to partwith,to s para/e

f rom.

haori , a k ind of coat worn by the

upper and middle classes as semi

ful l-dress.

JAPANESE—ENGLISH

ham , to stick

harau , to pay to clear away .

hashi , bridge.

hashira , to run .

hato, p igeon .

hataraki , work, action .

hatak e , vegetable field.

hata, f lag (bunting, etc”)hayaku ,

early ; q uickly .

haya tsuk egi , match (lucifer).hazu ,

obl igation , necessityhei f ence, hedge .

heizei (no), usual .

herasu , to lessen (trans ).hikeshi . fi re-brigade.

hikkomu ,to retire inside.

hima, an interval , time, leisure.

himitsu (na), secret.

h iru , noon ; hiru-mae, bef ore noon ;

hiru-meshi,di nner .

hiroi , broad, wide.

his-

6 suru , to guard j ealously ; to

hito. person : (as in“ he blames

hitsuj i -no -n iku, mutton .

hiya ; hyakkoi , (very) cold water.

hoeru ,to bar/c.

h5h5 ,manner

,way ; rule .

hoka . besides ; except anotherp lace.

homeru ,to p raise ; to admire.

hon -

ya .bookseller, boolcseller’

s sh0p .

honyaku ,translation; honyaku suru,

to translate.

hoshii , desirous (seeH. J . G ., p.

hossuru , to desire, to wish.

hyakk oi ; hiya, (very) cold water.

hyakusho, f armer ; peasant.

ichi bai , market.

ichiban oi (or yo), best.ichi ni chi oki , every other day .

ia, house .

Igirisu , England.

i i tsukeru , to order.

ii wak e, an excuse ; n -wake wo in,to excu se one s self .

ike , pond .

139

kabe . mud-wall .

kabuseru ,to put on to another

’

s

head,to impute.

iken , op in ion ; iken wo noberu,to

give one’

s Opinion .

iku , to go .

ikui'a, how much?ikutsu, how old how manyimo, potato .

inaka. country (as opposed to town).inki -tsubo, inlestand.

iro, colour.

iru,to dwell , to live ; to be.

iru ; iriyo, to want, to desire.

isha, doctor, physician .

isogashii, busy .

isoga , to hurry .

issho ui , together.

isu , chair.

itama , to inj ure, to spoil

itameru ,to inj ure (trans ).

itadaku , to receive.

itasa , to do.

itoko,cousin ; 0 itoko

,cousin

itsa, when

itsudemo, always.

itsu ka,some time (or other).

itsa mo, at any time, always.

in , to say .

iya na,disagreeable, obj ectionable.

ja, (see H. J . G., p .

jama, obstruction ,hindrance.

j ibun , a time, a season .

j ihaku . conf ession .

j ikan , a p eriod of time ; an hour.

j i_ron . an op ini on , a contention .

j O passion ,tenderness.

j obuna ;j ohan i strong,solid,sturdy .

jokisen steamer.

jfiki sha.railway

-train .

j omae ,lock (for securing).

(9 ) jasan ,daughter


kaeri , the way back ; kaeri-gaki,on the way back, whilstreturn ing.

kaeru to return (intrans .)

kagl n . a l imit; kagiri no nai,boundless.

kaimono . a purchase, shopping.

kaj i , household ap'airs .

ko i~ya, blacksmith.

k aru , to take time (also, to cost)to hang, to be in place.

kake ,a broken f ragment, a bit.

kakeru , to run .

kaku , to write, to paint.

kak iisu , to hide (trans) .

human . to matter ; to meddle with.

kamben , f orbearance, f orgiveness.

Kami , God.

kami . paper .

kami -ya, hair-dresser .

kanai , wif e (own).kanashii . sad, sorrowf ul .kan dan cold and heat, tem

perature .

kane . money ; metal .

kane - ire , purse .

kaneru ,to be unable .

kangaeru , to consider, think of .

kanj 6(-gak i), account, bill .

kao , f ace, countenance .

karada ,body (of living creature).

kare kore ,more or less , about,

somewhere near.

kariru , to borrow.

karonj iru ,to think l ightly of .

kasa,umbre lla .

kasu , to lend .

katana. sword.

katai . hard, solid .

katazuk eru ,to put away .

kau , to buy .

kawa river.

kawai sb, worthy of p ity,in distress.

kawaru . to change (trans ).kaze , wind (which blows).kazoeru ,

to count.

k ekkfi ,splendid , delightf ul .

k embutsu -nin , spectator.

kembutsu suru , to go to see

(scenery,

keredomo,but

kesa . this morn ing.

koshiki , view, scenery, appearance.

kesshite , positively, certain ly (withneg.) never.

keen , to extinguish.

ketchaku , fi nal resolve, decision .

ki , sp irits (of a person); ki wootosu, to let one

’

s sp irits f all .ki W0 tsukeru , to pay attention

to take care.

ki . tree.

kiji , pheasant.k iko, cl imate, temperature.

kikoem , to be audible ; to be able

to hear .

k iku, to hear ; to ask, to en q uire.

kiku,chrysanthemum.

k imeru ,to settle, to decide.

k imono, clothes, specifically the

long upper robe Worn by Japa

nese ; kimono wo kiru, to dress.

kin , gold.

kinjo,neighbourhood .

kinj itsu , in a f ew days.

k ino . yesterday .

kinodoku, regret, sorrow (foranother).

kinu , silk .

kippu , ticket.

kirau , to dislike .

kireina,beautif ul , pretty .

kirido, garden-

gale .

kiseru ,tobacco~

pipe .

k ishi . bank (of river).kisha, sp irit, temper ; kish

'

o na,

sp irited.

k itai , strange, q ueer .

k itanai ; kitanarashu ,dirty.

kitto, positively ; withoutf al l .koe ,

voice.

koenebi , parkKogo,

Empress ; q ueen consort.

kogoe ,a low voice.

li b-

hi , coj ee .

koi , dark (of colour).

kkgtiki , beggar .

0 fi lial p iety .

kOkO,here.

kokon i , here.


mondai , q uestion , problem. niku . meat.

mori , wood nikfi -sashi , f ork (eati ng).m6 snk oshi , ~ a little more. nikai , second story ; upstairs.

moshi bun . an obj ecti on . ninsoku, coolie .

motto iku , to take away , carry of . nin gen , a human being.

motto knru, to bring (things). ni oi , a smell .

moto, origin , cause. niru , to boil (sol ids).o asu . to burn (trans) . niwa . garden .

m‘

tsu (no), il l iterate .

mukashi , anti q uity, old days. nobasa , to def er, put of .

mukan ,to be opp osite to. noberu , to narrate, eap ress op inion .

muko opposite. nomu , to drink.

muro , greenhouse . noru ,to ride .

mushi , insect. nozomi , a wish.

musume, girl ; daughter. nngn , to take of (e.g. a garment).

mutsukashi , difi cult. nureru , to getwet; nurete iru, to

muyami ui , recklessly . be zeet.

myo-asa,to-morrow morning.

myB-ban to-morrow evening.

myo -

gomchi , day af ter to-nzorrow.

na . a name (personal)nadamern ,

to pacify .

nagnsamern , to console,to cheer.

nagamern . to ga: e .

naga/L long (not short).uai ~uai , private, secret.

naka ,to bark .

naka-naka, very .

nakama . mate, comrade.

nakanzuku ,more particular ly, of

al l others .

namekata , to behave idly .

namae ,a (person

’s) name .

name , raw,crude.

nama-iki (nai, conce ited, vain .

nedan , cost, p rice.

negai . a req uest, desire.

n egau , to req uest beg.

no , to bargain .

ne 0 , cat.

nen , year.

nern . to sleep .

no-uchi , value, price.

nezami . rat.

n ichi -n ichi . daily .

nigera , to run away .

nigiyaka (na), lively .

oba, aunt (own); oba sama. aunt

oboeru , to remember.

Obi . sash, belt.

obiyakasu , to

ochaku (na), vi llainous ; fichaku

mono,rascal .

ochiru to f all .

odokasn , to f righten .

odori , dancing, a dance .

o -hei , insolence, arrogance .

0 1, numerous ,many .

oishi i , n ice, tasty .

oi -yaru . to drive away .

oj i , uncle (own); oj i sama,uncle

okashii , absurd, f unny .

okata, f or the mostpart probably .

okina . large, tal l .

Okitu , to rise, get up .

Bkisa, size, magn itude.

Okosn to rouse.

okonai , conduct, behaviour.

oku sama, wif e01mm to send .

oku . to put.

okarara,to be too late , notto be

in time .

omoi , thought; omoi no hoka,immediately .

JAPANESE—ENGLISH

omongiru , to esteem greatly .

omoshiroi , interesting, amusing.

omoshirosa, conduct, behaviour.

omou , to think.

onaj i , same.

onna, woman .

oru ,to l i ve, to dwel l ; to be.

osameru , to pacify ,to govern, to

guide.

oshi i . regrettable.

oshima , to regret, to grudge.

oshieru, to teach, to show how.

osoi , late.

otosn , to letf al l .otottsan , f atheron . to pursue .

oya ! an interj ection .

oyogu , to swim.

ozei , a crowd .

pan ,bread .

penshiru , penci l .

pika pika ;2O

pikahto, glitteringly,with a flash.

rainen , nextyear .

rambona

,wil d, riotous .

rampii , lamp .

rekishi , history .

remonsui , lemonade.

ri . Jap. league of Eng. miles.

rikntsn ,a reason .

ringo,apple .

rinj in , a neighbour.

ra. trouble.

ro,] 1n , an old man .

ron , argument, op inion .

ryok en , j udgment, Op inion

ryori , cooking (process); ry'

ori suru,to cook.

ryB, both.

ryfitosni , fire-engine.

143

S

sadamaru, to be fixed, to be

sadamern . to fix,settle .

sagasu , to seek, look f or.

sai chi , intelligence

sai fu , purse.

saisho . the beginning.

saisoku suru, to urge on .

saiwai , good luck, happiness.

saj i , spoon .

sakarau , to resist.

sakana, fish (as food).sakari , in f ull bloom; inf ull swing.

sakabu . to yell .

sak e, (Japanese) wine.

sake -zuki , a sake- (wine) cup .

sakuban ,last night.

sakuj itsu . yesterday .

samui , cold.

sarn ,to leave (a place), hence, to

be distantf rom.

sasou ,to invite ; to take along

with one.

sato,sugar.

‘

satsu , paper-money.

sawagasu , to disturb, to make

turbulent.

sayo , so, gust so .

sazo, indeed, surely, doubtless.

segare , son (own).sei , cause ; ej ect.seizon , existence ; seizon suru, to

exist.

sel zo suru . to manuf acture.

sekai , world.

sek i . cough; seki ga deru, to cough.

sek itan , coal .

sekken , thrift, economy ; sekken

wo okonau, to be thrif ty .

sekkyfi , sermon .

semeru , to treat rigorously, to

press upon .

sempo, the other party, he, they .

senj itsu, the other

sonkoku , a little while ago.

senzo,ancestor.

setomono, porcelain .


setsu . an op inion ; an occasion, a

time .

shabern , to chatter ; shaberi , a

shappo . hat

shatoi . f ee ,shashin . photograph.

shibarak u,some time (Whether long

or short); f or some time .

sh ibashi, a shortwhile .

shi bomu , to wither.

shibai , theatre .

shiba, turf , grass.

Shiite , urgently,with violence.

shiki -mono. a spread thing,hence,

a carpet, ete.

shika, (with neg.)only, nothing but.shimmitsu (na), intimate.

shimo, below.

shimbunshi , newspaper.

shimbun ,news.

shimai , the end.

shiman . to fi n ish.

shimeru . to f aste n, to close .

shin -ai , f amily af ection .

shinsetsu hind, p leasant.

shi nin , dead person .

shi o salt.

shiroi , white .

shita, downstairs.

shitaka , prep arations ; shitaku wo

suru, to prepare, to make ready .

shitateya tador .

shizumu . to sinle,

shizuka na, g iet.

shabai , bus iness, occupation .

shobun . treatment, punishment.

sho

in

'

a to produce ; to beproduced

sho en suru ,to read .

shokumotsu . f ood .

8 1158 115 , a l ittle.

so , so, thus .

soba. alongside, by .

sadan ,consultation ; s

'

6dan suru,

to consult.

sokoni , there.

soko, there.

Sakai , whole amount.

sore kara, then, f rom then, f rom

that.

8 0 8 6 de, accidental ly.

soshirn , to j eer at.

soto . the exterior, out of doors.

sugu to (or ui), immediately ,

directly .

8 11 to er ceed.

Guil

tiu

to l ike .

sfikoshi , a little, a bit.

suki , f ond ,l iking.

sum i , ink .

sumu . to live, to dwell .

suru . to do .

susumeru , to urge, to recommend.

sfiteru , to throw away.

ta. rice-held.

tabako- ire ,tobacco-

pouch.

taberu , to eat.

tabi -tabi , often .

tabun . perhaps, probably.

tabi bito, traveller.

tachi hanashi , a conversid ion (inthe street).

tadashii , correct, j ust.tadaima,

immediately .

taara . to endure .

taigai , f or the mostpart, probably.

tait a,important.

tai shfi ,loud laughtr.

taisa, greatly, much, very.

taihen . very,extremely .

take . length, stature.

takai , dear (in price); tal l .takusan ,

many.

(0) taku , house

taka. amount.

tamesn ,to taste, to try .

tamago,egg.

tame , sake , no tame ui, f or thesake of .

tamaru ,to accumulate , collect

(mu-

ans) ; to endure.

tamaranai , too.

tanin ,another person,

a stranger .

tanjB-bi . birthday .

tanoshimu .to enj oy.

tane ,seed .

tam , cod-fish.


utau ,to sing.

utsu , to beat, to strike .

ntagau ,t0

'

doubt.

utsusu ,to copy .

utcharu , to throw away ; to dis

regard.

nttaeru ,to go to law about, to

uwo , fish (al ive).

uwasa,tat/c, gossip ,

rumour ; uwasa

wo sum ,to talk about.

W

wabiru . to lament, to apologise.

waboku. peace .

wakereru,to part with,

to be

separated.

wake .a reason ,

a cause.

wakete . sp ecially.

wakemairu . to discriminate, to

comprehend .

wakai . young.

wakasu , to boil (of water).

wakaru,to understand, to com

p rotzend.

wakatsn ,to discern .

wara, straw.

waradi , a sort of sandals worn

out-of-doors.

waru i . bad .

warau , to laugh.

wasurern ,to f orget.

watatu . to traverse (ocean ,etc.)

watasu , to hand over.

wazawai, a calamity.

wazuka . a trifle .

yabo ,clown , dolt.

yagate , f orthwith ; bye-and-bye .

yakamashii , noisy , hence, given

to find ing fault.

yaki-

pan . toast (bread).

yakusoku , promise , agreement;

yakusoku suru,to promise, to

make an agreement.

yakfi sha, actor .

yak eru ,to burn

yamome ,a widow.

yamota , to put a stop to.

yaoya , greengrocer.

yasashii . easy , ge ntle .

yaseru , to grow thin .

yaseta ,thin ; yasete iru, to be

thin .

yashoku ,supper; (late) dinner.

yasui , cheap,easy .

yasai-mono, vegetables .

yatou , to hire, engage .

yawarakai , sof t.

yaya,more or less ; somewhat.

yo ,appearance, w

ay ,kind .

yo wo nasu , to be of use.

yo,the n ight; yo no iru, to be

come dark .

yo-ak e ,

dawn .

yohodo , plenty , a lot very .

yoi . good.

yaj i, tooth-brush

yoko,across, athwart.

yokogiru ,to cross.

yoke i , superfiuity ; (with neg.) not

very,notmuch.

yomu , to read .

yo-naka,

midnight.

yondokoronai ,inevitable, un

avoidab

yoppite , all night long.

yoru ,to assemble .

yosu . to leave of , abstain f rom.

yosaso (us), havinga good ap

pearance .

yowai , weak.

yo wo okuru . to spend one’s lif e ,

to make a l iving.

yu . hot water .

yubiwa, finger-ring.

yfibin-kyoku , post

-ofi ce

y'

fi'

bin -sen ,mail -boat.

yube , yesterday evening

yuki snow.

JAPANESE—ENGLISH 147

za, a seat; 2 8. mi tsfiku, to take a

seat, za wo tatsu, to rise f romone

’

s seat.

zannen ,regret, sorrow (for one

’

s

own sake).zashik i, room,

drawing-room; dai

mio’s residence.

zehi , positively, really .

zen, before (in compounds).zen , virtue .

zennin , a virtuous person .

zetch'

G. summit of a mountain .

zfikin ,a duster.

zombun , a sentiment; zombun n i

sum , to do as one l ikes (with a

zony ,knowledge .

zgq jiru . to know.

zorl , a species of straw sandals

worn indoors.

zosa, dgfi ou/ty (always with a

zotto suru , to startwit/z surprise

to be natural or pleasant.

zubau,trousers.

zuibun , a good deal , very, pretty

(adv .)

I I . ENGLISH—JAPANESE .

(See Note athead of Vocabulary I page

about (approximately) gurai , rela

tively to) u i'

tsuite ; (around) nomawari ui ; (here and there)achi-kochi .

absurd, bakarasbii, aims/zit, o/casbnna

, tondemonai .

accident, i/zen , f ui no koto (calamity) sainon (hurt) keya , to meet

With an accident, Icrga suru .

accidental ly ,3030 de, f uto, f atto.

account (bil l) Icanj owakz); (narrative) hanashi .

accumulate , to, tamaru

actor (male) yakil’

slza : (female)onrza

address , tokoro ; (writte n) tokoro

.oa/ci ; (on a letter) uwa-

ga/ci .

admire , to, homeru, kanslzin suru .

advice,kul .

after (behind) ushiro ; (later on)ato, noebi ; (after this) kore karanoel n

'

; (afterthat)sore lcara noebi

(after all) s/zosen , tsumarz'

.

again , mata, f utatabi .agreement, keiyaku, yakuj o, yaku

soku ; (to make an a.) yakuj osuru, yakusoku suru .

all , mina,nokorazu ; (all the time)

s]: zs , itsudemo; (all right)yoros/zii .alter, to (mend) naosu .

always,itsudemo, tsune ui .

amount, taka ; (whole a.) sokei .

amus ing, omosbiroi .

another (different one) 110/ca no

(another one) 1710 hitotsu .

any , demo , (anybody) dare demo ;(anything) nan demo ; (any-time)itsudemo , (anywhere) doko demo ;(anyhow) do demo ; (anyway) dodemo.

apiece (each) (d)zutsu .

appearance(way,kind)yo;gwaiken ,

mie, mi—ka/ci ; (state)yasu; (shape)kataclzi .

apple , rmgo.

arrive, to, tee/taku sur u, tsuku .

artist (painter) eke/ct, gwalco.

ask , to (en q uire) kiku, tazuneru ,

tou.

attention , to pay, ki wo tsukeru.

audi ble, to be , kikoeru.

aunt (own) oba ; (another’

s) oba

sama.

avoid, to, tatsu .

babbler, sbaberi .

bad, warui ; (a bad habit) aka-sin?

(a bad man) aku~n in (bad deeds)a/ru -

gyo.

bank (for money) ginko; (earth)dote, tsutsumi ; (of river) kishi,kawa-bata .

bark (of tree) Itawa.

bark , to, naka , Izoeru .

basket, kago ; (Without handle)zaru .

bath, f uro ; (bath-room) f uroba,yudono ; (bath-tub) f uro-o/ce.

beautiful , kirei (mt), utau/casi ngmigoto na.

beat, to (to strike, thrash) butsu,utau .

beef , gyzZ-uz'

ku, marin a-niku .

before (in time) mae, izen ; (in

place) said .

beg, to (req uest) negau.

beggar , Icoj ilci , mono-moral .

begi n , to,baj z

’

meru (trans) ; lummaru

belt, obi ; (leather b.) kawa-obi .

150

D

dai ly , n ichi -niell i, main iebi .

dancing, odori ; (a bal l) buto.

dangerous,abunai, Iceman (as).

dark, harai ; (of colour) koi .daughter (own)musume, (another’s)

0 JD sama . o j osan .

day , bi , (every mai

n ichi ; (every other ie/zi n ic/zi

oh’

(today)Icon -nichi (to-morrow)"

myon ic/zi ; after to-morroa)myo

-

gonic lzi ;-time) him .

dear , (beloved) kawaii ; (in price)taka i .

decide , to ,kimeru,

l 'et/ei sur u.

decis ion . Icetclzalcu .

decrease , to,sulamaku suru .

deep, f ukai .del icious , umai .

del ightfu l (charming) omosbiroi .

del iver , tada/rem .

descend, to, kudaru .

di e . to ,sbinuru .

different, boka no,betsu no.

di fference, enbetsu .

difficul t, mudzul 'asbii .directly (atonce) sugu ui ; (withoutinterven l ion) j zl a n i .

di rty ,kitaua i , lritanaras/zii .

disagreeable ,iya na , l

‘i ui iranai .

disgraceful , liadzukas/n'

i .

di sl ike , to . tire ” .

distance ,lyori,

distant, toi .doctor, is/za.

dog, inu ; (European) kome.

door , to ; (sl iding panel in rooms)f usuma ; l

‘

aral‘amz.

doubt, to,utagau .

down , (below) slzita .

down stairs ,s/n

'

ta .

drawer . kiki -dash .

drink , to , nomu .

drop , a, bito

drop , to, atom .

dry , tamaita .

duck , a/I i'

ra (wild) kamo.

during, aida .

mie/zi-nori, be


G

gather, to (col lect and ass emble)atsumeru ; flowers, etc.)tsum i .

gentleman , skins/i i ; in addressingaudience Gentlemen is simi an

,

or kaka- slzinsbi).

ear , mimi .

ear ly, hayaku .

easy , yams/i ii, yasui .

eat, to, taberu (of another person)mes/i i-agara, or

, o—agari nasaru.

egg, tamago.

either , doc/lira demo .

el sewhere , yoso , hoka .

employ , to (hire) yatouemdpty , karappo, kara .

en shima i .

enough, j abun , takasan .

enter, to, ba iru .

even ing, ban, yugata ; (thiskomban ; (yesterday sakuban

(to -morrow myoban .

every , mai : (everybody) daredemo

(every day) mo i nic/zi .excell ent, yoi, ii, tel

-ka.

explain ,to, benkai suru, toki akasu .

extinguish , to,kesa

eye, me ; (of needl e) medo .

face, (countenance) kao.

fact, j zj itsu,koto .

fan , (folding) ogi, sensu ; (handscreen) uebiwa .

farther on motto saki .

few, sukunai .

final ly , yoyaku, tsui ui, shimai m'

.

foolishness , bakageta koto.

form,l‘afac/zi ; (style) teisai .

France , Furansu,Futsu-boku

(Frenchman) Faransu—j in .

fun , (joke) slzare, j odan .

funny , okaslzii, omoshiroi .

future ,mim i ; (for the kore

kara sa/ri .

ENGLISH—JAPANESE

goss ip, to , slzaberu.

goss ip, a, shaberi

grape ,budo.

greenhouse , muro.

greet, to aisatsié suru .

ground, (surface) j ibata .

lyaku .

gu ide, to, annai suru .

guilty , tsumi no aru .

handful , te ippai .

happiness , yorokobi, tanos/zimi .

harbour , (port) minato ; in rom

pounds, Ito).hearth,

irori ; (of a stove, sutobu

no soba).hedge ,

lzei, [ca/cine.

hence , (from here) koko kara ,

(from now)kore kara ; (henceforth)leare Icara irai ; (therefore) sore

da kara .

hes itate, to, oba- elmsuru .

high , (of height and price) takai .himself , j iban ; (by himsel f

,i .e .

unaided) j i bun bitari de .

history , rekislzi .

honorable, (fair, aboxe-board)seiseidado naru

hook , ori- Iragi .

hope , to, kzbo suru, nozomu .

human , ningen no ; being)ningen .

I

impertinent, sbitsnrei na. burei na .

improbabl e,ari - so-monai .

in , to go,bairu .

in , to put, irera .

in come , sainyfl.

increase , to, masu f uyasu .

indol ent. bus/to na .

inevitabl e , yondokoronaki , noppi lci

naranu .

inexperienced, lceiken no naki,

inferior, oc/zita,warai .

i ns i de , to put, naka ui ireru .

151

insufficient, tarinai, f uso/m .

interest, (on money) risoku.

just now, tadaima.

Just right, anode u .

kennel , (dog inugoya, z

'

nubako.

k iss, a,kuebi - sui, sepjmn .

k iss , to, kuchi- zoo suu, seppau suru .

kitchen , daido/roro .

k ite (toy) talco ; to fly a tako

wo ageru .

knowl edge, (wisdom and sagacity)cil ia/lib .

Korea, Clzosen .

j ewel ler, kazarz‘

ya.

j ewel ry, tama-zaiha,kazari-mono.

joint, tsugi -me ; (of bamboo and of

human body) f its/ti .

j oll y , yukwai na ; a fellow)yobi na I nto.

junction , (railroad)tetsudo no ren

label (tag) ef a; to f uda zoo

tsukeru .

lad, wa/cais/zi .

ladder,kashiya.

lamp (Japanese) andon (European)

lamp chimney , noya .

lamp-wi ck , rampu no skin .

land, j imen , obi .

lan ds cape,kesbi/ci , bare s/i i , bei

s/zoka.

late , too ,oso-sugita .

laughabl e , okasbii, okasizi na

lean (thin) yaseta .

leg, asbi ; (shins) kagi, sane ; (calf)f u/curappagi , leomura (knee)biza

(thigh)momo ; (ankle) kurubus/zi ;(instep) leuciti -f umazu ; (heel) kakato ; (toe) asbi - no-

yubi .

l eisure,itoma, bima .

152

lessen , to, sukunaku suru .

l esson , gakkwa .

lick , to, nomera .

l ife, inoe/zi ,j umyo; (long ebomsi .

l i ly , yuri .

l ion ,skis/i i , kara-sizisbi .

list, mokuroku , slzina-

gaki .

loan , a, ka s/zi - lcin .

lock (for fasten ing) j umae .

l ock , to, f o’

mae wo orosu.

l ocksmith, j amae-

ya .

l odging, yado . tomari .

lonely ,samusbii .

look ing-

glass, kagami .

lucky , slziawase no yoi .

lungs , Izaimo- zo.

machine , kikai ; (steam j okikikai .

mad,lcie/zigai .

marriage , konrei .

matter (thing) koto, mono.

means , by no,kessbite ; (by al l

means) zehi, dos/rite mo.

meet. to, de-au .

yo naka .

lco/coro.

miss , to (atrain,etc.)noriosokonau .

much, yohodo,takusan ,

better,

paboda ii ; more, pokodo oi ;

less, yohodo salmnai .

mud, doro

muffler, (for neck) kubi-maki .

music, ongalcu .

muslin , men - slid .

neck ,kubi ; -cloth, kubi -maki .

nephew, oi .

nonsense . bakarashii l 'oto .

nowhere , doko ui mo nai .

numerous , oi .

nurse, to (the sick) [rambyo suru

(a child) mori wo suru.

nut, Ici—no-mi .

nutritious , Jiyo-butsil .


odour (pleasant) u nioi ; (unpleasant) kusai n ioi .

ointment, Ito-

yak“.

opportun ity , kikwai, tsaida.

oppose , to,kogyo suru.

orl gl n , gen- in,

mata-date .

oval , dayen , tamago nari .

oven ,sutobu no muro, mushi -yaki

f uro.

over- charge , kake- ne.

oyster, kaki ; -shell , [tabi -ya m.

quack (doctor) yabu- z

’

sba.

quay ,age

-ba.

quick as poss ible , as , naratake

bag/aim.

qui lt, f uton .

quite well (in health) j ig/oba.

pain ,itami .

partner,kumi- ai- n in , ska- in

,naka

md rnono.

peace ,waboku .

pedlar, skoi-alcindo (of f ruit, vegetables, etc.) botef uri .

pheasant, kiy'

i .

phys ician , is/za.

pi cni c, yusan .

pill , gang/aim.

pity , awaremi .

pity , to, f ubin n i omou .

plum—blossom, time no harm.

plant, ue/ri, kusa- lci .

poison , do/cu

porcelain ,setomono.

port (harbour) minato.

positivel zebi .

prev ious y , mae ui, seki ui .

prize ,bobz.

profit, rielci, moke .

promi se , yakusoku.

prosperous , banj o na

] 54 APP. JAPANESE GRAMMAR

vacant, fora .

vain (useless)mada no ; (conceited)karma; M .

vall ey , fani .

ventil ate , to, lo w 20 0 tam .

vote , to,loin/0 suru .

vow, a, c/zzkaj .

vulgarity,iyaJ/uz koto .

yawn , to , akabi suru.

yonder,achira m

’

.

walking- stick , { suo. youth (period) wakai tub:wax,

ro (bees) mil suro. youthful , wakai .

g, konrei .

wel l -bred, sodacln'

no yoi .

whichever, docfiira demo .

whisper , to, : asaya-ku, min i - l'

omri

we suru .

se/rai.

I N D E X

Adjectives (change of terminationin ator oi

in no,

in shi

An d (with two V erbs)Are

Au (how usual ly pronounced)

B

Because (how rendered)Be, To

”

(emp loyed with doko)Both ” (tran slation of )But

”

(conjunction).

Capitals (non e in Japanese)Chapters, commencementof, how den otedConditional form in - eba

Con sonant sy l labics, modifications of

Coal escent sounds

De after a noun or pron ounpreceding aimasu or mimosa

Doka and

Doko fol lowed by mlDokoro in fami l iar conversationDzu as verbal termination , pronunciation

156 INDEX

Eba, Conditional form in

E l ided sounds

E l iminated sounds

Eu,

. peculiar pronunciation of

F

From (how rendered)Fu l l stop (how indicated)Eu sy l labic, modification of

G

Ga , how pronounced as PostpositionGerundial form with two verbsGerund wlth wa affixedG sy l labics, pecu l iarities of

Ga sy l labic, pecu l iarities of

H

Hiragana sy l labics, formerly very numerous 135

ho ga ii 84

Ho (mean ing “one 83

H sy l labics, pecu l iarities of 121, 125, 127

I kenai and ikanasen

I long, n otused by some tran sl iteratorsIndicative tenses with no

used as adjectivesIndirectnarrationInfin itive Mood

Ja as contraction of de wa .

“ Justas”

(how rendered)

E u expressing doubtwith mata wa

158 INDEX

Presenttense with yo m’

Pronouns,Relative

P sy l labics (how formed)Punctuation , etc.

Q uestions (how asked) 11, 22, 24, 32, 33

Quickened sounds 128

R

“ Receive,To (how rendered)

Relative Pronouns notused in conversationRespectfu l form of second person

“See, TO (with doko)S,n igori of l etter

“ So”

(how rendered)S sy l labics, pecularities of

Sy l labaries shou ld be accompan ied by Ru l esSy l labics (modification of, by association)

Vowel , modification of

That (how rendered)This ” (tran slation of )To

,in conn ection with a promise

Tokoro,idiomatic uses of

“Too (how rendered)“Too much

”

(translation of ) .

T8,n igori of

T sy l labics, pecu l iarities of

Tau sy l labic, modification of

U

“Undern eath (how rendered)U sy l labics, pecu l iarities of 124

,125

,

INDEX 159

V

“ Very, Not” (how rendered)Vowel sy l labics, modification of

Wu affixed to GerundWafter 10 and g“Water,

”differentterms for

W series, pecu l iarities of

Y

“ Yes (pecu l iarity of usage)Ye sy l labic, pecu l iarity of

Yo ui in IndirectNarration“You and I

”

(idiomatic use of )You had better ” (how rendered).

Y series, pecu l iarities of

Z series, pecu l iarities of

Pr inted in Holland .

T h e m ost prof itab l e a n d p l eas ant w ay of spen d in gon e

’s E v en i n gs i s to

STUDY A FOREIGN LANGUAGEby th e l e ad in g an d most up~to~ date

“H OS S I ‘E LD M E TH OD .

was

6HO S S F ELD M ETHO D ’

For the STUDY of FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

OV E R our: mmnron s on n m s av s u y s nns .

For e ign L an guage s e an b e rap i d ly a c q u i r ed by S E h F

T U I T ION it th e “ Hos s p a nn mar t-l oo" i s u s ed .

Fr e n ch , G e rm an , I ta l ian , S pan i sh , Dutch ,

Ru s s i an , P ortugu e s e , J apan e s e .

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SPANISH.

Engl ish - Spanish G rammar . By Hossrs Ln’

s New Method , ar

ranged ior Classes, Schools , and Private Lessons

Key to ditto net

Span ish=Engl ish G rammar . By HOSSFELD'

S New Method

Key to ditto net

Conjugation of Span ish Ve rbs net

English -Span ish Commercial Correspondent

Span ish Engl ish and Engl is h - Span ish Dictionary (New

Edition)Hossfeld ’

s Span is h Reade rHoss feld ’

s Span ish Compos ition and Idioms . By YANEZVanez, Correspondencia ComercialHossfe ld ’s Span ish Commercial Correspondence and Techn ical ities . By W. N . CORNETT net

Hossfe ld ’s German - Span ish Reader

10 0 Passages in Span ish for Translation into E nglish,

French , German , Italian or Russian

Hoss fe ld ’s Span ish Dialogues .

Gil Bias, in Spanish . Third Edition

Don Q uixote ,in Span ish

A New Engl ish and Span ish Vocabu lary . By FERNANDO n s

ARTEAGA net

Hossfe ld ’s Span ish G rammar Vocabu lary

Engineering Translations in E nglish and Spanish net

Span ish Techno logical Dictionary . By PONCE D E LEONVol . 1 . Engl ish - Span ish net

Vo l . 2 . Span ish - Engl ish net

El Sombrero de Tres Picos net

Pepita J imenez . By VALERA net

E l 5 1 de las Nines ” net

Hand Book of Commercial Span ish . By F . THOMAS net

Phrase Book of Commercial Span ish . By F . THOMAS net

DUTCH.

Engl ish -Dutch G rammar . By Hossraw'

s New Method , ar

ranged for Classes , Schoo ls and Private Lessons

Key to ditto

Conjugation of Dutch Verbs

Dutch Dialogues

English=D utch and Dutch a Engl ish Dictionary .

LATIN.

Hoss fe ld 's Waistcoat Pocket Latin e English and English .

Latin Dictionary

H IRSCHFELD BROTHERS, LTD . , Publ ishers,13 , FURN IVAL STREET , HOLBORN , LONDON ,

S .

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HOSSFELD’

S EDUCATIONAL WORKS .

UNIVERSITYOFTORONTO

LIBRARY

Engl ish :

Made by LIBRARY BUREAU, Boston

H IRSCHFELD BROTHERS,LTD ., Publ ishers,

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hossfeld' s japanese grammar - Forgotten Books

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