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TIDAG (Scope) INTERNATIONAL ARMENIAN MONTHLY MAGAZINE Cultural-Social-Economic-Educational-Issue no.56 -March.2014P.O.Box:175094 BEIRUT-LEBANON TEL. 009611.566222 - 009613.238887 -009613.368478

FAX. 009611.563418 - E. Mail : scopeint@inco.com.lb

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SAM RACOUBIAN. RESPONSIBLE DIRECTOR-LENA RACOUBIANMEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS EDITOR-DR. EDDIE RACOUBIAN

ADVERTISING-CLARIS TUFENKJIAN -03/761112 -JOE KALAYJIAN 03/124947

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12

For Russia, Criticism is Hypocrisy

Thomas Walkom, The Toronto Star, 5 March 2014There are two things to keep in mind about the Ukrainian crisis.The first is that, rhetoric aside, there is little that theWest can or will do to force Russian President VladimirPutin’s troops out of Crimea.The second is that Russia’s view of what’s happeningin Ukraine differs dramatically from the one commonlyaccepted here.If those who overthrew the old order in Kyiv are count-ing on the West to protect them militarily from Moscow,they are almost certainly doomed to disappointment.The U.S., Canada, and other NATO members havemade it clear that they are not willing to go to war withRussia over Ukraine.There has been talk of economic sanctions. But asboth the West and Russia know, these would cut twoways.In the short run, Western Europe depends on Russian oil and natural gas. Russian rubles grease Britain’s important financial industry.As the BBC reported, British Prime Minister David Cameron has been warned by his own officials against imposingsanctions that could interfere with London’s role as a financial centre.The West could expel Russia from the G8 group of big industrial nations. But so what? Many countries, includingChina, get by perfectly well outside of the G8.Resolutions condemning Russia’s intervention in Ukraine’s Crimea region, such as the one passed unanimously in theCommons Monday, may make the participants feel virtuous. But they have no practical effect.Lost in the clamour is the fact that Russia has an entirely different take on what is happening in Ukraine.In the West, last month’s revolution is lauded as a victory of democracy over despotism. To Russia’s leaders, however,it was a Washington-backed putsch designed to draw a region long deemed essential to Moscow’s security into theenemy camp.Putin’s press conference Tuesday was marked by whoppers, including his claim that Russian troops in Crimea are notRussian.But I suspect he was speaking close to the heart when he accused the U.S. and its friends of playing a crucial role inthe “coup d’état” that brought Ukraine’s new government to power.“They sit there across the pond as if in a lab running all kinds of experiments on the rats,” Putin said.To Moscow, the decision to dig in now follows logically from what it sees as two decades of Western double-dealing.Canadians remember that the Berlin Wall came down in 1989. Russia remembers that, in return, the U.S. and its alliesagreed to recognize Moscow’s vital interest in its own neighbourhood.In particular, then U.S. president George Bush pledged not to expand NATO eastward.Yet to Russia’s dismay, that pledge was soon broken as NATO welcomed 11 former Soviet satellites into its fold, including Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic.In 2003 and 2004, Western countries backed so-called colour revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine. In 2008, NATOagreed that both would eventually be allowed to join the military alliance.The West viewed all of this as the march of democracy. But Moscow saw it as hypocritical meddling.Russia knows that the U.S. accords itself the right to intervene militarily in the affairs of its neighbours. It has famouslydone so throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.Yet when Moscow does the same, it finds itself branded a pariah.Being lectured on international law by the country that illegally invaded Iraq almost certainly irks.In a perfect world, Moscow would abandon its strategic interests in Crimea (it’s been home to Russia’s Black Sea fleetsince 1783). In a perfect world, Russia would not care if a united Ukraine joined NATO.In the real world, this is unlikely to happen. For this crisis to end, Kyiv and Moscow will have to reach some kind of political accommodation.Moral and financial support from the West may be cheering for Ukraine. But it won’t be enough.

13

AN INTERVIEW WITH THE AMBASSADOR0F THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN LEBANON,

H. E. ALEXANDER SERGEYEVICH ZASYPKIN

Q.-Your excellence, can you introduce us to yourself and your

diplomatic mission in Lebanon.A.- I consider myself a veteran of the Soviet and Russiandiplomacy.

I was in service since 1973 after I graduated from theMoscow State University of Foreign Affairs of the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation. From that time till today, my work is inseparably linked withthe Arab world and Arab affairs. My last mission is as the Ambassador of Russia in Lebanon since 3 years.

Q.-The Middle East, Syria and Lebanon are passing through

very turbulent times, because of the civil war in Syria and the

attempts of some regional and western powers to spread heir

hegemony on Syria and Lebanon. How do you see this critical

situation.

A.-- The Middle East region reflects a complex mosaic of interrelated issues and interests affecting the whole world. Theoutbreak of the “Arab spring” in 2011 has left no virtually country in the Arab world unshaken by its dire consequences.The deterioration of the situation in Syria with the interferenceof foreign fighters, who are struggling against the governmentalforces, increasing extremism and human suffering poses a

greatest challenge to theinternational community. Russiainsists from the beginning tillnow on finding a political solu-tion between the Syriansthemselves. Also to reach agree-ments to fight terrorism and tocreate a better society.

Q.-Will the peace negotiations at

the Geneva conference end up in

the political division of Syria or

the establishment of a new state.

A.-- Proceeding from the assump-tion that peace negotiations aredesigned to pave the way for abetter society, we look forward to

seeing an independent central state of Syria, by reaching to apeaceful solution where there will be no sectarian or politicaldiscrimination. We continue to work through direct channelswith the Syrian State and the opposition to make all the partiesrespect the 30th June 2012 Geneva Agreement.

Q.-The russian federation had played a constructive role in

aborting a world military conflict in the region. The russian

president Vladimir Putin and the foreign minister Sergey Lavrov

are considered the champions of defen ding the minorities and

the christians in Syria and the Middle East. How do you forsee

the future developments concerning this issue.

A.- - As I told, we are committed to the respect of all the rightsof the communities living in Syria or elsewhere. We find it important to enforce the basis of co–existence and mutual respect by all the parties. This is the only way to save the regionfrom extremism by establishing justice and reforms. Our position in this regard is unshakeable.

Q.-As a highly experienced russian diplomat,what is your

message to our armenian and foreign readers.

A.- We address all to unite their ranks and to establish modera-tion in their positions. We wish to establish peace and stabilityin the Middle East. We support the future existence of such amulti-cultural society. The people themselves should solve theirinternal problems without external interference.

We always see that the political solution of the conflictis through Geneva peace negotiations by continuous discussionsand contacts by the parties in dispute. What concerns Lebanon,we see the national desire of all the forces and main Lebanesepolitical parties to protect the security and stability of the country. Then the authorities and the army could fight againstterrorism.

We wish success to the task of the newly - formed government, including the supervision of the presidential elections in May 2014. Thus securing the necessary politicaland economic security and stability, with the support of the international society.

QUESTIONS PROPOSED BY HAMO MOSKOFIAN

14

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18

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HGTGI

Dear Sam,

First of all, happy new year!

I just received the latest copy of Tidag -- another very impressive issue. Asa fellow journalist, I know how difficult it is to publish a magazine of such high quality.I commend you for your dedicated efforts to serve the Lebanese Armeniancommunity for so many years.

19

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21

The heavy snow and the cold prevented some of the prominent personalities like Senator and Minister Varoujan Voskanian and the Religious Head of Constanta to attend the official reception and lunch.However most of the invities could manange the weather situation.Ambassador Birzinji (who belong to the brother Kurdish nation),warmly welcomed the Ambassador of Armenia in Romania H.E. Ham-let Gasparian, the Religious Leader of the Armenians of RomaniaBishop Datev Hagopian, Romanian M.P. and the speaker of the parlia-mentary minorities group Varoujan Pamboukjian, diplomatic journalist,General manager of “Diplomate club” newspaper Karen Baboian. Thereception and lunch was attended by the head of the Middle-East Department at the ministry of Foreign Affairs in Romania, former Ambassador in Lebanon, H.E. Tanase, diplomats, businessmen, IraqiEmbassy’s personal headed by Ayad Ali Murad, head of the Cabinet andprotocol.

After introductions, friendly discussions, presentations of the guestsin Romanian, English, Arabic, Kurdish and Armenian, the honorableguests were invited to lunch, tasting the delicious Iraqi, Kurdish, Arabicdishes in an excellent friendly atmosphere.

Thanking the kind host, the guests wished the newly appointed Ambassador Omar Birzinji all success in his diplomatic mission in

Romania, while Bishop Datev Hagopian, who was born in Iraq and M.P. Varoujan Pamboukjian invited the Iraqi diplomat to visit the Armenian prelacy,the “Union of Romanian Armenians” headquarters was located on StradaArmeanasca (Armenian street) in Bucharest.

During the meeting the host and the guests appreciated the TIDAG magazine’s role in bonding people and cultures together, specially neighbors whofaced the same fate during centuries, identity and independance. The diplomatsdiscussed mainly the turmoil in Syria and the Middle East in general and theyshared their worries about the situation.

The honorory guests highly appreciated the noble geusture of the Iraqi ambassador for his efforts of building brotherhood and friendship, and promissedto meet again very soon.

H. M.

AT THE OCCASION OF TIDAG’s REPRESENTATIVE VISIT TO ROMANIA

THE AMBASSADOR OF IRAQ IN ROMANIA H.E. OMER BIRZINJI ORGANIZES AHISTORIC RECEPTION AND LUNCH, IN HONOR OF THE ARMENIAN COMMUNITY LEADERS OF ROMANIA

At the occasion of the visit to Romania of ourdiplomatic journalist Hamo Moskofian, the Ambassa-dor of the Republic of Iraq, H.E. Omar Birzinji, hadorganized a historical reception-lunch at his resi-dence in the capital of Romania, Bucharest. Monday,27th of January 2014, was dedicated to buildinggoodwill bridges with the 1000 years old Armeniancommunity.

Mr. Hamo Moskofian, H.E. Ambassador Omar Birzinji and H.E. Ambassador Hamlet Gasparian

22

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24

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25

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26

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tyupjuh/

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%yutghjy7 LL xfr;ghgkyuh

27

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Lg9vgb9y7vo sg9fvmLGT! TYRIY~FGH

:yu29=4 - %yutghjg

28

EXLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH ROMANIAN M.P.

VAROUJAN PAMBOUKJIANTHE PARLIMENTARY LEADER OF 19 MINORITIES

Q.1- Can you introduce us the Armenian community in

Romania and your important activity in the national, political

parliamentary life of this country?

A.1- The Armenians appeared in Romania since 980AD!Our communities were here and proved their presence duringall this long period of time, and they were mentioned always inthe Romanian history since then.Even our religious leader,Bishop Datev Hagopian, is the 42nd one… With huge numberof historical monuments, churches, all over the territory of Romania. We are talking about a very old community that gaveto Romania a lot of significant people in different branches, inbusiness, in technology, science politics. There are many famous Romanians of Armenian origin. Somehow the presenceof an Armenian in the Romanian parliament is very normal.

In fact, we started this system of protecting the ethnicalminorities in the early nineties. We went to something mucholder to the proclamation of Transylvania, when it joined theRomanian kingdom after the 1st world war. In that proclamationthere is a very special statement to let the ethnic minorities develop their own mother language, customs ets. We had representatives in the Romanian parliament representing the romanian minority, between the 1st and 2nd world war. Thiswas somehow kept during the communist rule, but it was implemented only for the Romanians and the Germans. Afterthe revolution, we gained back our rights and since 90’s, wehave members of parliament without interruption and are forming a parliamentary group that I am leading. We are 19 minorities (the Hungarians are separate) in our parliamentary

group.Q2- As we always follow your brilliant activity in the

romanian mass media, what do you like to pass to our readers

as a highly experienced political and parliamentary figure.

A2- What are the secrets of our existence in continuity as Armenians in history? These are 3 pillars that all the Armeniancommunities in the world stayed respected. These 3 pillars giveus stability -- the church, the school and business activity. Having these pillars everywhere, we assure that we will stay asArmenians everywhere.

Q3- A personal question. How old are you and since when

you are a continuous member of the Romanian parliament.

A3- This is my 5th term being elected as a member of theRomanian parliament. I was first elected in 1996. I am 55 yearsold. I have two professions, mathematics and computer science.

HAMO MOSKOFIANBucarest

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The Cultural House of Armenians in Bucarest and the old library inside

The active minorities leader in the Romanian parliment, Mr. Varoujan Pamboukjian

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29

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31

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34

Armenians became an importantelement in the life of the Romanian prin-cipalities in the 14th century. In 1350, thefirst Armenian Church was built there,and on July 30, 1401, the “founding document” of the Armenian colony wasissued, appointing Bishop Hovhannes tothe episcopal seat in the citadel city ofSuceava.

Armenians thereafter settled inthe Romanian provinces, establishedcommunities, and built numerouschurches in over 18 cities. Among thesewas Suceava, the capital of Moldaviauntil 1564 and an important trading center, which had a large Armenian popu-lation and as many as seven Armenianchurches—two of which (built in 1513and 1521) are still extant. Armenians alsoestablished two monasteries: the ZamcaMonastic Complex and HagigadarMonastery (1512), located on a hill outside of town, known for its reputed

miraculous power of granting wishes tobelievers. Hagigadar is still a popular pilgrimage destination.

The Hagigadar Monastery willturn 500 this year, and in August a largecelebration is planned to mark the anniversary. His Holiness Karekin II, theSupreme Patriarch and Catholicos of AllArmenians, will travel to Romania on thisoccasion. Some 3,000 pilgrims from Europe and other parts of the diaspora areexpected to take part in the celebration.

In Transylvania, a strong and stable community was established by1700. Armenians purchased the right tobuild their own town from the AustrianEmperor Leopold I for 25,000 florins. Itsfirst inhabitants were 70 Armenian fami-lies, and the town was given the name ofArmenopolis (now known as Gherla).The earliest Armenian presence in Wallachia was in Bucharest (1413), but asignificant community arose in the 16th

century. In the province of Dobro-gea, the Armenians had churchesin Constanta (1760), Silistra (be-fore 1630), and Bazargic (1830).Following the terrible events of

the late 19th century culminatingin the Armenian Genocide of1915, Romania opened its doors toArmenian refugees, who found asafe haven in the country. The influx of a large number of Armenians benefited the existingArmenian community in Romania.Many remained in the capital ofBucharest or the seaport of Constanta,while others settled elsewhere.The pride of the Armenian

community in Romania is stillLevon Garabed Baljian, who became His Holiness Vasken I, of

blessed memory, the 130thSupreme Patriarch andCatholicos of All Armenians.He was born in 1908 inBucharest, and as a youngman became a teacher at theArmenian school while con-tinuing his studies to receive adegree in philosophy and pedagogy. Ordained a priest in1943, his meteoric rise withinthe ranks of the clergy propelled him in a dozen yearsfrom vartabed to Primate ofRomania in 1948, to the e -piscopate in 1951, and ulti-mately, in 1955, toconsecration as the Supreme

Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armeni-ans.

In 1940, there were about 40,000Armenians in Romania. The ravages ofWorld War II were deeply felt by the Armenian community, which experienceda sudden change in its economic, social,and religious status with the introductionof communism. Life became increasinglydifficult, with private lives and businessesthreatened. Some families were able toleave the country by the late 1940s, moving to the West in search of freedom;others migrated to Soviet Armenia in twowaves, in 1946 and 1948.With the bulk of the community still inRomania, a new opportunity to leave appeared by 1960, when a large numberof Armenians were able to exit Romaniahaving been classified as “displaced persons.” The American National Committee to Aid Homeless Armenians(ANCHA) was formed as a result of theefforts of the Armenian philanthropistGeorge Mardikian, who first becameaware of the plight of Armenian displacedpersons in post-World War II Germany.Mr. Mardikian, together with SurenSaroyan, spearheaded a massive effort ofrelocating thousands of Armenianrefugees, including those from EasternEurope. Mr. Saroyan was also instrumen-tal in including ANCHA under emergency legislation created to dealwith U.S. immigration policies.

From 1960 to 1973, a large number of Armenians from Romania migrated to the United States with astopover in Beirut, Lebanon. After 1973,Armenians from Romania came to theU.S. through Rome, Italy, under variousprograms such as the Tolstoi Foundationand the International Rescue Committee.

Today, Armenians in Romanianumber about 5,000. Nevertheless, itsmembers are well established and respected citizens who bring their contri-butions to the fabric of the country.

The Diocesan Center is located inBucharest, with the Soorp Hreshtaga-betats Cathedral serving as its spiritualcenter. Bishop Datev Hagopian becamethe Primate of the Romanian Diocese alittle over a year ago, and has since established new parish councils, youthprograms, religious education activities,and other programs.

(Information on the Romanian-Armenian commu-nity compiled by Dr. Louiza Kubikian.)

If9ng7j lg7 igpy8ji= fif8fvjhThe armenian catholic cathedral in GerlaNgrjj lg7yv fif8fvjh> Armenian Apostolic church in Lasi

ARMENIANS IN ROMANIA

35

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36

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52

Hrant Dink’s friends call for‘justice’ on 7th year of murder

Tens of thousands gathered in Istanbul to mark theseventh anniversary of the killing of Turkish-Armenianjournalist Hrant Dink on Jan. 19.

The Friends of Hrant Dink organization, established in memory of the late journalist, called for amarch starting at 1:30 p.m. from Taksim Square, whichended with a homage to Dink in front of the Agos newspa-per’s office building in the Pangaltı neighborhood of Şişli.

Police took tight security measures around Istanbul’s Taksim Square and closed Gezi Park, whichwas the site of massive resistance against the government last summer, ahead of the commemoration.

The crowd marched to the front of Armenianweekly Agos, where Hrant Dink was murdered in broaddaylight by a 17-year-old nationalist in 2007.

At 2:56 p.m., mourners observed a minute of silence for Dink, after which Gülten Kaya, the widow oflate singer Ahmet Kaya, took the microphone. Kaya commemorated not only Dink, but also those who werekilled during the Gezi Park Resistance last year. “We arehere not only to remember Hrant, but also Ethem[Sarısülük], Abdullah [Cömert], Medeni [Yıldırım], Ahmet[Atakan] and those who died in the Gezi protests,” Kayasaid. “You have left mothers and fathers devoid of theirchildren. Sons of this country were shot with treacherousbullets. How can we forget how many homes were broken?” she said.

Hrant Dink commemorated seven years after hismurder

“What is your truth? This is 2014: You are carryingguns in your trucks instead of peace, democracy andhuman rights,” Kaya added, addressing Turkey’s securityforces.

Dink, the highly esteemed former editor-in-chief ofweekly Agos, was murdered in broad daylight in front ofhis newspaper’s building on Jan. 19, 2007ü by a 17-year-old Turkish nationalist. The triggerman, Ogün Samast,was convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to

22 years and 10 months of prison after a two year-trial.The marchers chanted the slogan “Buradayız

Ahparig!” (a half-Turkish, half-Armenian slogan meaning“We are here, brother"), “For Hrant, for justice,” and “Weare all Armenians,” in front of the Agos office. A popularchant from the Gezi Park protests, “Everywhere is Taksim,everywhere is resistance,” was also heard.

After the rally ended, the crowd marched to Taksim.In a controversial apparent gesture, a number of

traffic police officers assigned to the area were photo -graphed wearing white caps. On the day of the murder,Samast was wearing a white cap, which later became aninfamous symbol of the incident and a badge of prideamong ultranationalist fascists.

Ertuğrul Günay, a former member of the rulingJustice and Development Party (AKP), asked IstanbulGov. Hüseyin Avni Mutlu, who became the subject ofmass revilement last year due to perceived lies surround-ing the police's often brutal conduct during the Gezi Resistance, over Twitter who had ordered the police todon white caps.

A small group of Trabzonspor supporters also attracted attention, carrying a banner that read "We havenot forgotten" in honor of the slain journalist; Samast andthose involved in instigating the murder were based inTrabzon, and the Black Sea side's supporters are -infamous for their ultranationalism. During the march, the Trabzonspor supporters chanted "Trabzonspor is here,where are the gangs?"

The Dink murder case remains unsolved, with thecourt ruling that it was not a result of an organized crimeto the dismay of Dink’s family and supporters. The rulingwas mde despite serious claims that a number of civil servants linked to the “deep state” were “indirectly” involved.

The acquittal of top suspects was ultimately overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeals and manykey suspects charged as instigators of the murder, suchas Yasin Hayal and Erhan Tuncel, are currently being retried.

The organizers of the commemorative march alsodenounced the trial process, accusing the state of protecting those responsible for the murder.January/19/2014

53

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In the last two weeks, there have been reports coming from Syria about

the deaths of Azerbaijani fighters who had allegedly joined the struggle

against the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. since the outbreak

of violence in Syria, Azerbaijan has advised its citizens not to visit the

country, and its embassy in Syria has been closed. Furthermore, Azerbaijani

intelligence services have uncovered a number of jihadist plots to carry out

attacks in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan's security services have long faced threats

of jihadist terrorist plotting, beyond the connection to Syria. Azerbaijan has

officially declared that it needs to be established whether the media claims

about Azerbaijani fighters in Syria are correct. Certainly, empathy for

fellow Muslims caught in the crossfire in Syria is strong across all Muslim

countries, including Azerbaijan, but that alone is no explanation -- and

empathy for the victims in Syria goes beyond religious solidarity. But Azerbaijanis, both secular and culturally Shiite, have no

stake in Syria's war from any point of view. The exact number of alleged fighters is unknown; media reports say there are around

300 who are believed to be radicalized Salafis. Until now, it is beleived that around 100 are already dead.

The mainstream view in Azerbaijan is that Salafis are a radical group and their ideological influence results in young

Azerbaijanis sacrificing themselves for a Syrian cause. Originating from Saudi Arabia, Salafism has spread to many countries of

the world, and in Azerbaijan they have gained a foothold mainly in Baku and the north of the country as a minority religious group.

In general, Salafis in the country accept the secular regime, but the Azerbaijani people are mostly prejudiced against them,

dismissing them as Wahhabis. The misperception is that the Azerbaijanis fighting in Syria are the more radicalized Salafis.

tglgvg0 gbf9j i5yuy8hf9> Dead azeri fighters

Azerbaijanis Fighting in Syria

61

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GIKON HLMOJ

Economist, professor at Paris 1 and

Galatasaray Universities.

Director of Iletisim Publishing House and

columnist for

Radikal newspaper.

64

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67

With the Geneva 2 talks on Syria scheduled for22 January, some 30 church leaders from Syriaand around the world gathered a week ahead oftime at the headquarters of the World Council ofChurches (WCC) in Geneva, Switzerland, andcalled for substantial action be taken at the talksto end the armed conflict.

The meeting, called the Ecumenical Consultationon Syria and sponsored by the WCC, was held15 to17 January. It is a follow up to a similarmeeting in September 2013 sponsored by theWCC which also included Brahimi and formerUN Secretary General Kofi Annan.

"We are representing the silent majority, thevoice of the voiceless," said Catholicos Aram I,head of the Holy See of Cilicia of the ArmenianApostolic Church, to Brahimi who consulted withthe group on Thursday afternoon, 15 January.

"Your mission is not an easy one,” Aram contin-ued. “It is a critical, crucial mission. You can besure that you have our full support, the full sup-port of all churches, the full support of the globalChristian community.”

When asked what the church and others can donow about Syria, Brahimi said, churches can “mobilize international opinion, to condemn allthat is bad in this situation and to support all thatis good now.”

When describing the plans for the Geneva 2talks, Brahimi said, "hopefully we will begin talking about peace and not war anymore."

“Our aspiration is that Syrians put an end to theirwar and start rebuilding their country,” he said.

Message to Geneva 2 talks from the WCC Ecumenical Consultation on Syria

Church leaders and representatives from Syria,the Middle East Council of Churches, the WorldCouncil of Churches and the Holy See[1] gathered in Geneva from 15–17 January 2014for a consultation to address the forthcomingGeneva II peace conference on Syria.

Christians have maintained a continuous presence in the land of Syria since the dawn ofChristianity. Today, as churches and church-re-

GENEVA MEETINGS

An urgent call to action for a just peace in Syria - WorldCouncil of Churches ecumenical consultation on Syria

His Holliness Aram I Catholicos, of theHoly See of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic church, at Geneva, meeting withL’akhdar El Ibrahimi at the headquarters ofthe WCC.

68

lated humanitarian agencies, we are present with thepeople of Syria on a daily basis both inside the country and amongst refugees. In this communica-tion, we seek to raise their voice.

Our concern is for all people affected by the indiscriminate violence and humanitarian calamity inSyria. Innocent children, women and men are beingkilled, wounded, traumatized and driven from theirhomes in uncounted numbers. We hear their cries,knowing that when “one member suffers, all suffer together with it” (1 Corinthians 12:26).

There will be no military solution to the crisis in thecountry. Endeavouring to be faithful to God’s love ofall human beings, and within the context of interna-tional humanitarian law, we submit these calls for action and guidelines for building peace.

We call upon you, as participants in the Geneva IIconference, to:

1. pursue an immediate cessation of all armed confrontation and hostility within Syria. We call for all parties to the conflict to release detained and kidnapped persons. We urge the UN Security Councilto implement measures ending the flow of weaponsand foreign fighters into Syria.

2. ensure that all vulnerable communities in Syriaand refugees in neighbouring countries receive appropriate humanitarian assistance. Where suchlarge populations are at serious risk, full humanitar-ian access is essential in compliance with interna-tional law and the Responsibility to Protect.

3. develop a comprehensive and inclusive processtoward establishing a just peace and rebuilding Syria.

All sectors of society (including government, opposi-tion and civil society) need to be included in a Syriansolution for the Syrian people. We recognize the urgent need to integrate women and young peoplefully in these processes.

Geneva II must be transformed into a peace-buildingprocess, responding to the legitimate aspirations ofall Syrian people. We offer these guidelines:

· Any peace-building process must be Syrian-led. Itshould be transparent and credible so Syrians may determine their country’s future. Such a process requires the support of the Arab League, the UnitedNations and the constructive engagement of all parties involved in the current crisis.

· All efforts must be made to secure the peace, territorial integrity and independence of Syria.

· The multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-confes-sional nature and tradition of Syrian society must be preserved. The vibrant mosaic of Syrian society entails equal rights for all of its citizens. The humanrights, dignity and religious freedom for all must bepromoted and protected in accordance with international norms.

As Christians we speak with one voice in calling for ajust peace in Syria. To achieve this peace, we arecommitted to working hand-in-hand with Muslim sisters and brothers, with whom we share acommon history along with spiritual and social values. We seek to work for national reconciliationand healing through building trust.

“Blessed are the peacemakers” (Matthew 5:9).

69

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70

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˚

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J x=;, g7r f9jkgrg?9x ;fkgigh g79o, y9

™ººª=h j sf9 ig5gsg9gigh xglnjqjh t=a gpy5g;glysg0 =, kgigujh yc wy96g5yupjuho, yc gnlgryuhyupjuho yuhfvgu ;fkgighgsg7fnn9ayupfgte dy90fn yu ;fkgighg7gkyui sg9tyuh2yuhfhgn/

G7r;=r io kg9yujh2 tkg0fnyu, ;g9bg;=rghy9 lgtg9, y9 :9h> G4ykfghm je9fu ez4igighdjkyupjuhhf9yu pfihg0yu, ngu i'onng9 y9 j9bdg7gvyuhv ≥djuk÷g9g9yupjuhhf9o ;gl=9 j9tg9b=h hf9r, lg79fhgigh zy8ysyu9xo 3hg7fnysi9pgigh-djkgigh ifgh2jh t=a gh;jkghj≥7f8g49ayut÷hf9 igkg9fn=h, g7ng;=r gnmgbdg7jh-2g8g2gigh dy90yuh=yupfgh t=am6g3guf9yupjuhhf9=, jhc;jrjh = sf9y7j4fgng5gag9io/

Hg3 lg9vyut to>Jhcy.u :9h> hg3g9g9o g]7r lghd9yughjh

egbtgw4yk htgh lg9v to l9g;g9gi io hfk=/Fp= j9 31r2ys, j9 h;gkgih = ≥2hhg9ifn tf9

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Eg7v, :9h> hg3g9g9o, ty5vg0 g7xg5gagx9gh2hf9h yu l9gkg;yupjuhhf9o, iowyupg7 LG&GRKGH j9y8yupfgh yulgrigvy8yupfgh, y9;=r T+I gtey8ayupjuh, j9c2hg8 ".} tkg0yut-;y5piyuto wcfnm G9fufnfghLg7grkghj Lgh9g;fkyupjuh kg9ef9gi to g5ga

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72

hfkfnys/G9xf12 j.hc = lfkg;hxyug0o> G9fufnfgh fu

G9futkfgh Lg7grkghhf9yu ≥ghagktgh÷hyuj9gdy90y.ut, f9e lg7 zy8ysyu9xjh lgt9gsg3qghgigh h;gkgigi=ko, hg3mgbgkgd9yuth = e5hgd9guyug0 G9futkfghLg7grkghjh, g;gm tjgvyuth = by7dLg7grkghhf9yuh/

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Io thg7 ig9fuy9 g7n lg9vgx9yut to>Y.92ghys g9k1hyug0 = ;fkgigh g79j to

htgh gh;gkgr3ghgkyuyupfgte lghx=r dgnyu,p=iyubfu ghjig onng7 g5gag9ij>>> pfpfuryn-jiyupfgte, jhc;=r y9 gkfhjh, yu9j4 ;fkgigh g79to, xgkg;g9kfnj igkg9fgn ghlfpfpyupfgte, R>+atjg0jhj igpy8jiyryupjuho g9fufnglg7yupfgh"jtgm Lg7grkghjh}, Ijnjijy7 Igpy8jiyryupjuhomg9futkglg7yupfgh "jtgm rwju52glg7yupfgh}>>> iody5g?9/

Tf9 kf8fiyupjuhhf9yuh lgtg6g7h, :9h>hg3g9g9jh g7r tghigtkgigh-tf0gtkgighg5gag9ijh g5jpys, lg79fhj p= rwju52glg7bdgrk tkguy9gighhf9 ghl9gzf4k lgig-bxfvyupfgte yu tfihgeghyupfgte ghx9gxg96g0fh, eg7v, g9xf12 egug9g.9 fh gkyh2, f9e;fkgigh g7r g7o, egvg96gig;=]r,;gkglgigh19=h c= y9 g7r ≥wyucji÷o>>> wcg0 =/

Wgrk =, y9 hg3g9g9 G4ykfghmLgh9g;fkgigh iyurgivyupfgh wy3-hg3gdglo"ohx lysghfgu hg3gdgl Rf9z Rg9drfghj}, tf8torg0, lgqfnj fu ohxyuhfnj ≥g5g2fnyupfgh÷ t=a cjdkhyuj9, l9g;g9gi hfkfnys j9 ≥dylg9÷g7jhtkg78gvyuto/

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:9h> G4ykfgho, j9 ghlg8y9x fny7phf9ys fughlgqfnj f9fuy7phf9ys, bg9kyu8jxf9gigkg9yupfgh t=a io dkhyuj/

:=79yup, Wfk9yug9 ™º¡¢

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_ G7y, y9y4 ig; yuhft,< z;kgvj fr,< hy7htg9xh fh2µ/

73

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(UNQLVOVU <VSDVRV0TRM OK U4VUVOB HSVMVDETR6P

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'VET; CVMVJUV;VS �PUVLNVUP NUNQLTRIQVU,AQNVOVU OVSQRTS "Q9UVSOUQS OK MSFVOFPU LQ.VOVU MVS=BUAP=UBLUQSTRU CQN TR ;QS1PU 30 NVSTRVU KUIVFGPU�PUVLNVUP NUNQLTRIPRUK TRUQFV7 B CVMV46VSCVJPUJV9V1HPMTRIPRU@«Report No-3, Public international Development Fi-nancing in Turkey, 1962», QR «First 5 Year 1963-1967

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74

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76

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78

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81

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Russia Adds Helicopter Squadron to Armenian Base

A Russian Mi-24P helicopterMOSCOW (RIA Novosti)—The Russian military has formed a helicopter squadron to strengthen its air contingent at theErebuni air base in Armenia, the press service of Russia’s Southern Military District said Friday.

Russia’s 3624th Air Base at the Erebuni airport in Yerevan currently hosts at least 16 MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter jets oper-ating under the framework of air defense agreements concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Inde-pendent States.

“The Russian air contingent [in Armenia] will be strengthened with Mi-24P attack helicopters, Mi-8MT and Mi-8SMV mil-itary transport helicopters, which will be used for ground support and transportation of the [Russian] troops deployed inArmenia,” the press service said in a statement.

The Mi-24P (Hind-F) is a gunship version of the famed Russian attack helicopter armed with a side-mounted 30-mmGSh-30K twin-barrel cannon, while the Mi-8SMV (Hip-J) is an airborne jamming platform with “Smalta-V” system, de-signed to protect ground attack aircraft from enemy air defenses.

The personnel of the squadron are undergoing specific training at an airbase in Rostov-on-Don.

The helicopters will be gradually deployed at the Erebuni base through 2014, the press service said.

Armenian Deputy Defense Minister Ara Nazaryan said in November last year that the Russian squadron at the Erebunibase would comprise 18 helicopters.

The Erebuni air base is part of Russia’s 102nd military base located in Gyumri, near Armenia’s border with Turkey.

The 102nd base has been deployed in Gyumri since 1995 under a bilateral treaty that was extended in 2010 from 25 to49 years, ensuring a Russian military presence in Armenia through 2044.

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Sfhfkji g7vfnfnyu gtfhgngu zgtghgioRf;kftef9 gtjrh = fu !dyrkyrj rijbeo, 1xogufnj bys = fu 2g8g2o d9fp= ;g9;yug0, yu9¡ºº,ººº j9 ehgijchf9ys fu 4yu9a ¡ºº,ºººbe1rg49ajihf9ys lghdjrk tphyny9kj t=aig9fnj = 49agdg7jn/

Lyr 7j4fvhft, y9 Tg7jr fu &yuhjrgtjrhf9yuh t=am Sfhfkjij tjagbdg7jh`jntf9yu wg5gk1hj gtjr =, y9yuh g5pju

h4ghguy9 fu g43g9lgl5cgi xf9grghhf9i'g7vfnfh g7r x9g3k-2g8g2o fu hf9ig7 iodkhyujh m hf9ig7gvhfnyu j9fhv hy9gdy7h fusf9ahgdy7h `jntf9h yu rjhftg43g9ljg9kgx9yupjuhhf9o/ G7r 6f5hg9io hgfudf8fvji g5jp to io lghxjrghg7 hf9ig7zy8ysyu9xjh fu be1rg49ajihf9yuh, y9 g7rkf8lghxj;jh h4ghguy9 xf9grghhf9yuh, fu fp=eg3kguy9 dkhyujhm ghyhvt= hgfurky9gd9yupjuh to g5hfh igt tjgrjhhig9glghyujh/

Sfhfkjij gtfhgig9fuy9 6f5hg9ihf9=h =m™º-=h ™£ Wfk9yug9 ig7gvy8 g43g9lgl5cgiwg5gk1hh =m Crnaval De Venice, y9yuh ohpgv2jhljh costumehf9ys fu ryu8 lhgyq kg9gbhf9ys,Sfhfkjij ehgijchf9o io pgwg5jh 2g8g2j

h4ghguy9 lrig7 l9g;g9gijh s9g7, y9 io iycyuj Rfh Tg92j l9g;g9gi, fu9y;gightgig9xgiys ju9g7gkyui l9g;g9gi to, yu9g43g9lj cy9r 0gdf9=h fig0 lgbg9guy9hig9jchf9 fu tjnjyhguy9 be1rg49ajihf9hf9ig7 i'onngh g7r egvg5ji vyuvglghx=rjh, y9gughxyupjuh to xg96g0 = Sfhfkjij t=a/

G7r 2g8g2o lg9yurk ghvfgn to yuhj,0ysg7jh tf0 j43ghyupjuh to f8g0 =, yu9i'j43=jh dodje-hf9o, y9yh2 tf0 j43ghhf9 =jh fu4gk tf0 hgugky9tj8hf9 yuh=jh> ghyh2Tjaf9i9gigh 0ysyuh s9g7 f8g0 f9ij9hf9yuhlfk sgqg5gighyupjuh i'oh=jhm tghgughx!rtghfgh ig7r9yupfgh lfk, tjhc tjur iy8t=Sfhfkjio j9 bjhyuy9gigh yuzo k9gtgx9g0 =929jrkyhfghf9yu ;g4k;ghyupfgh lgtg9 fup92gigh ig7r9yupfgh lfk egbtjvr;gkf9gb thf9 t8g0 =9µ/ Tghgughx Nf`yhp1g7r ;gkf9gbthf9yuh tgrhgivg0 = fu;g72g9fnys tf0 7g8pghgi to g96ghgd9g0 =j9 hguf9yuh fu phxgh1phf9yuh 4hy9lju/

Tf0 pjuys lg7f9 fur ghvfgnjhsgqg5gighgigh ig;f9 lgrkgkg0 fh

89

Sfhfkjij lfk> gry9 tf0gdy7h g;gvy7vofif8fvj toh = y9 io dkhyuj Rfh Tg92l9g;g9gijh t1k, y9 ¢ºº kg9j g5gak9gtgx9yug0 =9 lg7f9yuh fu g7r tgrjhlg7f9=h dj9f9ys g96ghgd9yug0 = ;gkjhs9g7/

Jhc;=r 4gkf9o djkfh, ¡¶¡¶ pyugigh=h jsf9 i8bj to yuhjh2, y9 io iycyuj R> *gbg9, y9hyuj9yug0 =9 lg7 T3jpg9fghsg9xg;fkhf9yuh, y9yh2 wg3yurk kyug0 =jh

:ynjr=h/ Fu g7x i8bjh, kg9jhf9yu ohpgv2jhSfhfkjij ;gkgr3ghgkyuhf9yu gagivyu -pfgte, i8bjjh 4yu9a tf0 2g9f9 4g9fnys g7r192g5g;gkji gufnj ohxg96giyug0 =µ/ Fu 4gkto be1rg49ajihf9 i'g7vfnfh g7hkf8 yu9 iodkhfh ljh lg7igigh 7yu4giypy8hf9,6f5gdj9hf9, g9z=2guy9 dy9df9, yrif8=hhf9,fdj;kgigh tytjghf9 fu bghgbgh ljhx9gthf9 yu pgdguy9gigh ljh 7j4gkgihf9/

Gri= bgk, Sfhfkjij t=a yuhjh2 lg7igighljh x;9yv tom Tyu9gk %g`g7=n, yu9 g43g9ljgt=h iy8t=h lg7 f9jkgrg9xhf9 iyu dgh fu iory9sjh j9fhv tg79fhj nfbyuhµ G7r sg9zg9ghj

agteg0 yuryuto fr fur eg3k yuhfvg7rkghgnyu/

Xzeg3kgeg9 g7x x;9yvo khkfrgigh;gkqg5hf9ys wgiyufvgu fu ¡∞ kg9j= j sf9 iody90g0yuj je9 ;ghxyi fu g9yufrkj yuf9gz4kyupfgh ifx9yhµ/

Sfhfkjio cosmopolite 2g8g2 toh =, yu9 gt=hnfbyu io 31ryuj, hy7hjri cjhg9=h, qgwyhf9=hfu 5yurf9=hm y9yh2 djkvyug0 nfbyu fh ;ghxyi -hf9yu fu qg4g9ghhf9yuh t=a/

$jkgi =9 g7x hg3gxgryupjuho, y9zy8ysyu9xo gt=h g43g9lj t=a io 7j4= orfnys≥Voir Venice et mourir÷ "Sfhfkjio kfrhfn yutf5hjnµ}/

Eg9feg3kgeg9 Sfhfkjio kfrhfno f9gbtoh =, y9 tf9 tk2jh t=a io k;yuj 7gujkfghµfu f9e bghgbgh sg79f9yu t=a io 31ryuj g7x2g8g2jh tgrjh, l;g9kyupfgte i'oryujm MFrg7x 2g8g2o dgvg0 ftµM/

90

Kg9jhf9 g5ga, gbdg7jh ig5y7vj to t=ag43gky8 f9jkgrg9x to xjtfv Ky2p> Iju9=8 -fghj xg9tghgkyuho, p=m je9fu ljughx eyuzyutrkghgnyu j9 qh4yug0yupfgh lgtg9 fu p= je9fueg9figtm 3y9lyu9x rkghgnyu gbdg7jh dy90jht=a j9 xjtgd9gug0 xzyug9yupjuhhf9yuh tgrjh/

F9jkgrg9xo j9g;=r ljughx =9, a8g7jh,qh4yug0, fu g7r eyny9o 3ghdg9g0 =jh j9tg9thjh t=a 4gk to lgtgig9df9, rkgty2rjvgu fu ppyug0yupjuh, r9kj ghighyh bg9if9,gufny9x k9ywyut fug7nh/ Ky2py9 Iju9=8fgholghdrkgvyuv f9jkgrg9x gbdg7jho fusrkglfvyuv, y9 gh c=9 g3kguy9yug0 y9fu=ljughxyupfgte, fu p= ghy9 19ighhf9o 3gh -dg9yug0 =jh ;g9bg;=r aj8f9yu lgtg ig9 djh3g5hgiyupfh=h/ Aj8f9o lgh xg9kfvhy8 pfpfuxf8 to 7gh6hg9g9fv, eg7v orgu ghy9>

≥Fp= i’yubfr gbdg7jh ig5y7vhf9yu fulgrkgkyupfghv t=a g43gkjn, sqg9ysj p= igtguy9, djkvg0 ;=k2 = onngr p= 7gqg3 ;=k2 = lgtgif9;jr wkg0yupfgh lfk, g;9jn djkhgrghy9 lfk fu f9efth hy7hjri 0gwglg9fr bg7h2gagnf9y8hf9o/ Lyh y?c lgrivy8j ;=k2o yuhjh,y?c gn g43gky8j, g7n zy8ysj dgvy8hf9yu, ≥gt=hjhc 4gk ngu =÷ ory8hf9yu, t=i 31r2ysm z;kyuhzy8y sg ighhf9yu, y9yh2 ;=k2 f8g0 gpy5hf9yupjuo io n9gvhfh/ Fp= io ig90fr y9 egh to i9hgrwy3fn, lgtybfn wy96fnys 3hgtgignyupfghghxgthf9o, 2yu t=i eg9fh;grk dg8gwg9ysx,j byu9 i’g43gkjr, 4gk io 7ydhjr, yuz= i’j7hgr,a8g7jh io xg5hgr, gh2hyupfh= io kg5g;jr,y9yslfkfu yc t=i x9gigh fu eg9fig9dtgh09gdj9 i9hgr j9gdy90fn/ Yu fp= 7gtg5yupfgtefu ≥i5juys÷, sf9ag;=r j9gdy90fvj9 ngu egh tomgky9 DJHO io sqg9fr, io ;gkzyujr, fughig9fnj = y9 t=io 2fbj hyugbgdy7h d9fkjpkg7/ Jtgrkyuho, djkyuho, dy90yuhfgh, ltyuko,wy96g5yuh, hyujyug0om 0gh9 io i45fh, cfh i9hg94gnifn/ Ghyh2 cfh lgrihg9 y9y4 hjup to, yc gni’yubfh y9 lgrivy8 to j9fhv qgteg7 vy7v kg7/:=k2 = jtghgr p= qf9tgijh fp= gt=ho rfui’orfh, g5ghv tkg0fnyu rf?u, ;jkj i9ihfrlfkf9hjh tjg6g7h, hy7h;=r gn rfujhm qf9tgi/:jkj ry9sjr 2gnfn 3gug9jh t=a,3gug9gtkyupfgh t=a t39qyug0 ghxgthf9yulfk, y9yslfkfu ghyh2 cfh i9hg9 ny7ro kfrhfn,g7ng;=r kfry8yupjuhhjh io 3ghdg9yuj q9gdjto pfpfu qg5gdg7p=h÷/

Vgugnj eg7v j9gu, tf9 ig5y7vhf9yuh t=a io

lghxj;jh2eg9fig9dyuthf9yulgugkgvy8gbdg7jhhf9yu,y9yh2 f9efth jbyu9 ;g72g9 iokghjhwywy3yupjuh totkvhfnyu, kf8 to3hg7y8yupjuhohfnyu, yu9j4 kf8to lgrkgkyupfgh4gl g;glysfnyu, wkg0yupjuh br;fnyum p=iyubpfpfuvhfnyu, fu kf8 to, 2jc to, f9efth io 7gay8jh,rgig7h, gwryr, j9fhv eg9fh;grkg5gag9ihf9o c4gniy8hf9yu pjuo tj4k gufnj onngnys, io lghxj;jh tf9zyutj yu xjtgx9yupfghfu rg5g0 gc2f9yu, y9 iorkj;= bj9fh2 l9gzg9jngbdg7jh eg9j dy90=h, dy90o py8fnyslg9ju9gtfg7 wkg0yupfgh t=a 1919yuy8lgrkgkyupfgh to ≥h4ghgiyug0hf9yuh÷/

Vgugnj, eg7v j9gu = hgfu, p= g7r dy90=hclgrivy8hf9o i9hgh 4g9yuhgifn wkg0yupfght=a 3f8xyug0 dy90o, g5ghv dn3gvgu rkf80fnyu,y9yslfkfu ghyh2 io lgugkghm ≥g7r;=r fif9 =mg7r;=r i’f9pg7÷jh fu gky9 lgtg9 gufnj jk=gn3y9l9xgighhf9 fu 3hgtgignhf9 i9hghhigkyujn, 2gh p= ghyh2, y9yhv lgtg9 zy8y sgigh onngno f9i9y9xgigh =, eg7v j9fh2eglh yu e9jco g5hy8hf9h yu xg4k jahy8hf9h fh,;g72g9y8hf9o, 29khfnys g9xjuhgef9yupjuh vy7vkyuy8hf9o, fu yc p= ryri ≥zy8ysj dgvjh2÷ory8hf9o/

F9jkgrg9xo nrfv Ky2p> Iju9=8fghjh31r2o, l9gzg9fvgu j9 dy90=h fu tj 2ghj gtjrfk2 f9e lghxj;fvg7 ghy9, x=t2jh wg7n2owy3yug0 =9, yu9j4 dy90 i’g43gk=9, jri tj 2ghjgtjr fk2 ntgh tfihfvgu Njeghgh=h/

Kg9jhf9 fk2, lghxj;fvg7 j9fh GTHjt=a/ ≥Io 7j4f.r,-orj,- g7x lgrkgkyupjuho y9yuhgkfhg;fkh =j9m rhghigvgu fu dyvyufvgu÷/&j4fv fu 3hxgv fu orgu> ≥Grkyug0 lydjh nyurguy9= Ky2py9jh, y9 39gkfv bjr/ Fp= lyhthg7jm 4gkyhv ≥tdnykg0÷ =jm igt byt;jj tosf9g0yug0÷/

Lgrivy8jh 4gk eg9fu/R> (>

Ky2p> Sg9xd=r Iju9=8fghj 39gkgighom≥IGT IO LGTGIF(:JR WKG)YUPFGH LFK IGT GN IO L(GZG(JR>>>÷

F(DJ)GIGH-Y*EF(DGIGH

91

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Tg9xo bg9tgvg0 ;gkgr3ghfv> -Ljtg?, g7r2ghighy.u3, kgigujh igkg9fnj2 4gk dy90f9 yuh=j/-Hf9y8gtjk i’onngr eg7v zgtghgio lgrg0 = tfihfnyu/

-J.hc ig7 ;g7yurgijh t=a, -lg9vyuv tg9xo/Grkyug0 ;gkgr3ghfv> @yu yuhfvg0x/-Yuhfvg0hf.9r, orfn i’yubfr lgdyurkhf9r, x9gthf9r/Grkyug0 ;gkgr3ghfv> -Gkyh2 2yuix c=jh, ghyh2 g43g9ljh io;gkighjh/

-&yu4f.9r fh yu9fth/-Y?c, 7yu4f9x gn cfh, ghyh2 io ;gkighjh zgtghgijh/-G9xf12 6j92f.9r fh/-Gkyh2 f9ef2 2yuix c=jh f8g0, g7n ;gkglgighyupfgh/

-I9hg.7 onngn y9 ghyh2 eg9figthf9r fu ohkghj2r onngh/-Y?c, f9ef2, gkyh2 f9ef2 2yuix cfh f8g0, g7n io ;gkigh=jh qghg;g9ljh/

-Lg;g ijhr yu bgugihf.9r/-Ghyh2 2fbj cfh ;gkighj9 p=fu r9kj lgky9hf9x fh/

-G9xf1.2 tg9tjhr =/-Tg9tjhx, k8g?rm wy4jjh io ;gkighj/

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Tf0 bg9lyu9gh2j tgkhyug0 tg9xo 3hx9fv Grkyu0t=, y9 j9fh kg7;g7yurgiom bg7h eghgnyu lgtg9/ Grkyug0 tg9xyuh 7gh6hfv ;g7yurgio, by9eghgn= fk2, kfrgu, y9 ntgh ;g9g; =9/

G9vyuh2hf9yu t=a tg9xo lg9vyuv Grkyu0y7> -K=?9 jt , yu9fth fr f9ef2egh to cyuh=j./

Grkyug0 ;gkgr3ghfv> -Gt=h t=i sg79ifgho, by9 g;9fvg9m g7x2yuix =9/ Ifgh2o ig9q =, eg7v g7x =9, y9 2fbj io ;gkigh=9/ ljtg egh tocyuhjr/

Ifgh2x g;9j9, djkhgnys y9 ifgh2o ig9q = fu eyny9 hjupgigheghf9o, y9yhv k=9 xg96g9, lyr io thgh/LFKX EGH TO CFR KGHJ(/

:G&YURGIO

92

Sf9af9r 1xgig7ghjh t=a nrfvj t19 to fu j9 g8aigh sf9ajh31r2f9o j9g9yum egzhyufnyu ;gljh/ Ig7hg0 g;glysyupfghtyuk2j rftjh, tg79 yu g8aji y8agdyu9yufvgh fu tg79o orgu j9rj9fnj g8aigh> ≥ @fb 4gk io rj9ft fu io tg8pft 2fbjegug9g9yupjuh÷/

G8ajio ;gkgr3ghfv> ≥Tgt, tf9 ifgh2o tjgrjhegug9g9 f8g0 =/ jh0j lghx=; 2yu r=9x gt=h egh io h4ghgi=9jh0j lgtg9/ Fr gn 2fbj io tg8pft egug9g9yupjuh÷/ G8ajiolgeyu9fv tg79o fu tfihfvgu/

Tg79o t1kfvgu x=;j g7h ;gkyulghom yu9 hrkg0 =j/ Ioxjk=j tg79om y9 ig90fr ngnyu ig9j2o yh=9/ Bdgv y9 bjh2 ioxjkft fu egh to i’yubft 31rjn/ Jh2 t1kfvgu jh0j fu lg9vyuv>≥F9efujv= ;gkglg.0 = y9 ≥thgr eg9j÷ orfr rj9fnjj to,

djkhgnys y9 g7x sf9ajho ;jkj onng7÷/Ohxtjafvj> ≥Hf9y8yupjuh, eg7v jhcy.u sf9ajho÷/)f9 ijho orgu> ≥Fr kg9j2r g5g0 ft, fu g8ajir io ehgij 4gk lf5yu, yurkj 7gay9x ;ky7ko y9

g8ajir ;jkj yuhfhg7 x=;j lyr, jt 7yu8g9iguy9yupfghr ;jkj onng7÷/I9ijh ohxtjafvj> ≥Eg7v f9e l9gzf4k iyukg7j2 j9g9yu, nrfvj y9 i’orfr> ≥Io tg8pft 2fbj

egug9g9÷/ J.hc orfn i’yub=j9÷/G7r ghdgt z;kgv/ G7x g9kg7g7kyupjuho tfbj wy3ghvyug0 = jt 0hy82=r/ F9e i’orfh2 io

tg8pft egug9g9, orfn i’yubfh2, y9 g7x gh6o yuhfhg7 ifgh2 to y9 egug9g9 ngu g;9yuthf9ys 7gdfvg0onng7/ G7r;=r>

Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 g9fu, y9;=rbj 2fbj 4hy9l= ;g70g5 sf9gef9tyuh2/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 gh69fu, y9;=rbj djkhgr dhglgkfn g9fuo/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 yu9g3yupjuh, y9;=rbj lydjx ifhxghj ;gl=/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 vgu, y9;=rbj gtfhgwy29 yu9g3yupjuho tf0 f9fuj 2fbj/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 4glf9, y9;=rbj ;=k2f9x dylgvhfr/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 iy9yurk, y9;=rbj dhglgkfr yuhfvg0x/Io tg8pft 2fbj egug9g9 ≥eg9j fig2÷hf9, y9;=rbj xju9jh dg7 ≥f9pg2 eg9ys÷hf9o/

Fk2o rirgu xg5h19=h ngn fu 2gnfv-dhgv/

EGUG(G(YUPJUH

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SRKGLYUPFGH IG:O, P+m LGHDY&VO

93

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Ihigh lgrv=h g96ghgd9fv fu ighcfv j9 2g9kyu8g9yuljh yu 3hx9fv j9t= y9 qg4 fughyu4f8=h yu8g9i= g7x lgrv=jh/ Rgig7h ;gkyuj9fv ghy9 y9 ;gkdgt kg7 c2guy9 ihigh,p= g7r qg4o yu8g9iyug0 = Rgkghg7jh iy8t=/

F9e 2g9kyu8g9yuljh lgrgu lgrv=jh kj9ya, g82gk ohkghj2jh ghxgthf9o tf0yu9g3yupfgte rkgh6hfvjh j9fhv yu8g9iyug0 qg4g09g9o fu wg52 kyujh Grkyu0y7 y9 nrg0=9 j9fhv g81p2o/

@g9kyu8g9yuljh rgig7h 44tg0 lg9vyuv g82gk kjihya, p= c=.9 wgwg2f9 djkhgn p=g7r hyu=9o y.s yu8g9ig0 =9/

≥Y?c, cft yubf9 djkhgn, orgu ijho, -y9yslfkfu f9e K=9o l9gtg7=,rgkghgh hy7hjri io lhgbghxj÷/

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)9g9 to qg4 g;glysfvj fu yu88yufvg7 ghyhv ehgig9gho, yc 4gk lf5yu tf9ehgigsg79=h/

Sf9ag;=r lgrg7 ghyhv ehgig9gho/ Wy29jihf9yuh x=t2f9o k6fu fu kzdy7h xg96g0=jh gh1pyupfgh je9fu g9xjuh2/ Rgig7h 7yurglgkyupfgh h4ghhf9 cig9 ghyv x=t2f9yuhs9g7, g7n tjg7h io kghayu=jh gh1pyupfgh ;gkqg5ys/

E9jh6j ;hgio 7gh6hfvj t19, y9 ghtjag;=r ijrfv bg7h f9iyu2jm yu9j4 ;hgij to t=a;g9;fnys tjur i=ro/ Gh g5gu i=r ;hgi e9jh6o fu xyu5=h xyu9r fngu/ Cyu4gvgusf9gxg5hgnyu/ ≥Y.u9 dgvj9÷, lg9v kyuj j9fh/ ≥X9gvjhf9yur t1k, ghyh2 gn gh1pj fh÷,;gkgr3ghfv ;g9bg;=r/

Cbg9tgvg7 ;gkgr3ghjh, y9yslfkfu g82gkhf9o g5gkg6f5h i’onngh, rgig7hbg9tgvg7 p= gh i’jtghg9 p= 2jc to ghxjhm yu9j4 kf8 toh gn gh1pj ig9/

Ork rysy9yupfgh, f9e tfh2 tf9 lg9vf9ys tkglyd fh2, g7h2ghifx9yhgvg0 i’onngh2 tfh2 tf9 s9g7, y9 f9ef2 cfh2 tkg0f9 yu9j4jh tgrjh/Mother Theresa

F9iyu f8eg79hf9 ig7jh/ T=io pt9gtyn yu djhys, y9 kyuho xzy32j sf9g0g0 =9/ Tjurf8eg79o 7gay8 dy90g9g9 toh =9, eg9fifvji fu ohif9yupfgh egvg96gi 7g9dgh2o sg7fny8;g9if4k 2g8g2gvj/ Tg9xji lg9v iyukg7jh p= j.hc;=r f9iyu f8eg79hf9 hy7h 0hy82jhbgugi onngnys, g7r2gh kg9ef9 =jh j9g9t=/

Xjtfvjh g5gajhjh fu lg9v kyujh, p= jh2 jhcy.u g7r2gh sgk io sg9yu=9 jh2bjh2jhlfkm tynj xg96g0 pt9fvyuvjchf9yu fu gn2ylynj fu j9 ohkghj2jh lfk g7x2gh sgk iosf9gef9yu=9/ Gh ;gkgr3ghfv> ≥Lg79r tynj toh =9, pt9gtyn to fu gn2ylyngtyn to, ijho io0f0=9 g7x sjqgijh t=a, j.hc i’gihign=2 jh6t=, glg jhc y9 ft/

Xjtfvjh f9i9y9x f8e19> ≥J.hc;=r i’onng7, y9 xyuh hy7h l19 bgugio onngnys eyny9ysjhkg9ef9 fr f8e19t=x÷/ Gh ;gkgr3ghfv> -F9e wy29 k8fi toh =j, lg79r djhys kyuh iyudg9 fu pt9fvyuvjcj ;=k2o i’yuhfhg9,y9;=rbj lghxg9kj/ Tf9 kyuho xzy32j sf9g0yug0 =9/ Yu9fth g7x 19yuoh= tjk2r x9j y9f9e tf0hgt eyny9ysjh kg9ef9 t=io ;jkj onngt, 1dkgig9 ohkghj2jr fu ohif9yupfgh/

F9iyu f8eg79hf9h gn j9fhv eh19jhgi yuh=jh j9fhv lg79o, rgig7h t=ioz3kgigh io x9xyu=9 ghy9 if9;g9=h, jri tjuro x9gigh 4g9zg5jpys iot1kfhg9 fu io sg9yu=9/

IFGH@O XG%H +, EG&V>>> LG(VF(O NYU)FNJ

94

VG) AF(TYUZYS FDJ:KGVY(FHJ G*VGH

Fp= io lfkfuj2 6f9 igbtyug02jh, igt g5y8a rhyuhxjlfkfuy9x =2, g;g fdj;kgvy9fhj pfpfu g8vghjeg8gx9gkytro 6fbj lgtg9 =/

Eg8gx9yupjuh>£ dgugp fdj;kgvy9fh¢ lgk nynji¡ kyuw ryuhi£ qg4j xdgn vg0 af9tyuz ;g9yuhgiy8 tg7yhfb¡>∞ qg4j xdgn ijk9yhj pg9t ljup™ ;qf8 r3ky9Lgbg9

:gk9grkyupjuh>Nynjih yu ryuhio tgh9 ik9gkfn/ Gufnvhfn fdj;kgvy9fhj lgkjihf9o "lg9i = t=i egzjh tot=i iy8t 6dfnm g8vgho 6fuguy9fnyu lgtg9}/ Gufnvhfn tg7yhfbo, r3ky9o fu ijk9yhj ljupo/&j4fv=2> tgkyuvfn= g5ga lg9iguy9 = g8vghjh fdj;kgvy9fhj 6fu kgn, y9yuh lgtg9i'1dkgdy90=2 hgfu fdj;kgvy9fhj thgvg0 lgkjihf9o/ Gug9kjhm g8vgho bg9xg9fv=2lgbg9ys/Eg9j g3y9zgi>>>

Tf0 :gl2j eg8gx9gkytr

IG*GTEJ IGKNFKHF(

Higkj g5hfnys y9 io dkhyujh2 :gl2j49aghjh t=a, glg g7r 19f9yuh;gk9grkyufnj2 eg8gx9gkytr to, y9 egbt-gbgh io xg96h= ;gl2j qg4gvghio/

Eg8gx9yupjuh><º,∞ 2ni> ig8gteG8¡ºº i9gt vy9fhj gnju9¡ qg4j xdgn dfkhg3h6y9j 1rng "hj4g}¡ lgk ry3º,∞ p=7j dxgn rykg eyurgigh ju8

:gk9grkyupjuh><Ry3o ju8j t=a kg;ifn, ig8gteo ik9gkfn fu gufnvhfn ry3jh/ @jc to ayu9 nfvhfn fuigwg9jcys 0g0ifn/ :g9ef9geg9 3g5hfnysm ig8gteo ¡º sg79ifgh 4ydf3g4fn/ G7hyulfkfu2jc to ;g8fvhfn, trg8gvys igt tgh9jcys "5fhk=} tgh9gvhfn/ Gufnvhfn rykgh, gnju9o,1rngh/ Xdgnys 3jk 3ty9o 3g5hfn, igknfkj kfr2 kgn fu kg;ifn/

#YLGHYV

96

Rhhxgd=khf9o io 39gkfh MEg9feg3kgeg9 yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9o wgrkfvjh, p= ehyupfgh4hy9lg0 rhhxf8=ho tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhjh 6f9egbgkfnyu tfb 4gk to ljughxyupjuhhf9=, igthy7hjri igh3g9djnfnyu bghyh2M/

Ghyh2 io 4f4kfh, MG519fg7 rhhxgighyhjh ;=k2 = tgr igbtfh lfkfufgn rhyuhxhf9o>≤ Sg9rgij gnju9 (4yu`=h}> g7r hjupo lg9yurk = g9gd nyu0yuy8 tgh9gpfnf9ys, y9yh2 i'1dhfh

g9fgh t=a d=4 kfrgij 2ynfrpf9ynj (LDL} hyugbfvtgh, jhc;=r hgfu io ;g9yuhgi= ngu kfrgijr;jkgiyuvhf9/ Ig9fnj = 1dkgdy90fn sg9rgij gnju9ys ;gk9grkyug0 lgvo hg3gqg4jh fu ghyswy3g9jhfn fdj;kgvy9fhj g9kgx9yupjuhhf9o/

≤ ^ihf8=ho, 7gkig;=rm rgntyho, y9 lg9yurk = qg9;g7jh ljthgigh ppyuhf9ys, jhc;=rm 1t=ig £o, y9 io hyugbfvh= g9fgh qh4yuto fu io igh3g9djn= r9kj ljughxyupjuhhf9o/ Lg9i = hgfubghyh2 1dkgdy90fn hyugbgdy7ho 4gegpgigh ™ ghdgt, y9;=rbj ig9fnj onng7 1dkyujn ghyhvg5y8ag9g9 7gkiyupjuhhf9=h/

≤ Guy2gh> io ;g9yuhgi= c7gdfvg0 fbgij qg9;f9 fu 12rjkgvyuto g9djny8 hjupf9, y9yh2 sgkkfrgij 2ynfrpf9ynj ifhrgtgig9xgio io hyugbfvhfh g9fgh t=a, rgig7h lg9i = bg7h 1dkgdy90fncgwguy9yupfgte, higkj g5g0 ghy9 ;g9yuhgig0 eg969 af9tyuzo/

≤ ^jpg;kyu8j 6=po> lg9yurk = c7gdfvg0 fbgij qg9;f9ys, y9yh2 i'1dhfh (LDL}-j hyugbfvtgh,g7r;jrys hgfum r9kj kgdhg;hf9= lf5yu thgnyu/ Lfkfugeg9 lg9i = g7r kfrgi 6=po 1dkgdy90fnighgcf8=hj g8vghhf9yuh fu bghgbgh yukfrkf8=hj t=a/

≤ Hyu4h yu ohiy7bo> g7r ™ kfrgij lhkf8=hhf9o ig9fnj = 1dkgdy90fn, y9;=r pfpfu fug5y8ag;glgigh zyut/ Ohiy7bo io ;g9yuhgi= 1t=ig £o fu tf0 2ghgiys 12rjkgvyutoigh3g9djny8 hjupf9, jri hyu4o lg9yurk = E ifhrghjupys fu tgh9gpfnf9ys/ Lgig5gi y9 g7rf9iyu2o g5y8ag9g9 fh, rgig7h lg9i = bghyh2 1dkgdy90fn cgwguy9 if9;ys higkj g5g0 ghyhv;g9yuhgig0 eg969 af9tyuzo/

≤ Pyupj fu fngij kfrgighjhf9o, y9yh2 lg9yurk fh 12rjkgvyuto igh3g9djny8 g7h hjupf9ys,y9yh2 io ;g72g9jh tg9thj eajahf9yuh t=a g9tgk hfkg0 shgrgig9 kg99f9yuh x=t, y9yh2 io;gkqg5fh 2g8vif8, r9kj ljughxyupjuhhf9o fu 0f9yupfgh gbxgh4ghhf9o/

≤ Ohxf8=ho> jhc;=rm yr;o, rjrf5o fu nyuejgh/ Gryh2 io ;g9yuhgifh g9gd nyu0yuy8 tgh9gpfnf9,jhc;=r hgfu r;jkgiyuvhf9, f9igp, `ynj2j ppyu fu B9 ifhrghjupo/

≤ :9y2ynjh> g7r kfrgij ighgcf8=ho io ;g9yuhgi= tf0 2ghgiys C ifhrghjup fu tgh9gpfnf9,yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9o 7g7khgef9g0 fh, p= gh tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhj 2g8vif8j x=t;g72g9fnyum 4hy9lju j9 ;g9yuhgig0 gtfhgskghdguy9 ljughxyupjuhhf9yuh x=t xhfnyu7gkiyupjuho yuhfvy8 hjupf9yuh/

≤ Ikgugkj lyuhko (2gppgh}> lg9yurk = tgh9gpfnf9ys fu 1t=ig £-ys/ Ig9fnj = bg7h1dkgdy90fn ighgcf8=hj g8vghjh fu wgppyvhf9yu t=am 1dkyufnyu ghy9 g5y8ag9g97gkiyupjuhhf9=h/

≤ Ry7gh fu j9 g9kgx9yupjuhhf9o> jhc;=rm ry7g7j lyuhko fu igpo/ Ghyh2 lg9yurk fh ngu kfrgijtgh9gpfnf9ys fu r;jkgiyuvhf9ys, jhc;=r hgfu ngugdy7h wy3ghy9xh = trf8=hj, 7gkig;=reyurgif9 tg9xyv lgtg9M/

Y(Y.H@ FH LJUGHXYUPJUHHF(O IGH#G(DJNY* YUKFNJ@HF(O

Tg9xig7jh ifgh2o skghdy8ljughxyupjuhhf9yuh egbtgbghyupfghl9gtg7gighjh hf92y7 lg9i = bdyu4ghgn fuigh3g9djntgh tjayvhf9 y9yhfnm 6f9egbgkyufnyulgtg9 ghyhvt=/ Fu y9yslfkfu rhhxgighyho tf0xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhj g5y8ayupjuho skghdy8 4gkto lg9vf9= lf5yu thgnyu lg9vysm lg9i =ghx9gxg5hgn g7h yukfrkf8=hhf9yuh, y9yh2 io3hg7fh g5y8ayupjuho/

Fp= io kg5g;j2 g9fgh qh4yutj tgig9xgijghig7yuhyupfh=m i9hg2 g7r lg9vo nyu0fn ehgightjayvhf9yu xjtfnys, ;g7tgh c= 4yukys xf8f9yu xjtfn fusg9zyujn ghyhv dy90g0yupfgh/ G7r tjayvhf9h fh lfkfufgnhf9o>

≤ ^f9egbgkyufv=]2 gufny9x i4j52=h> 7gkig;=rt=a2j egzjhjh t=a iyukgiyug0 qg9;f9=h, y9yslfkfu7g7khgef9yug0 =, p= y92gh ig9fhg2 6f9egbgkyujngufny9x qg9;f9=hm g7h2gh io hyugbj g9fgh qh4yuto,tjfuhy7h zgtghgi wgrkyug0 =, y9 y92gh ig9fnj onng7;girfvhfn i4j52j 2jnyi9gthf9om g7h2gh gufnj gbxyui'onngh ezj4ijh pfngx9g0 xf8f9o/

≤ Tg9bgh2j lfkfufv=]2> wgrkyug0 =, y9tg9thgtg9byutj lfkfujno, tghgughxm 19jhguy9if9;ys, 2ghj to 4gepyugh ohpgv2jh i'1dh= g9fghqh4yutj tgig9xgio hyugbfvhfnyu, jri fp=lgughgighyupjuho io bdg2 g9fgh qh4yutjeg969gvyut= kg5g;fnyum g;g 19jhguy9 if9;ystg9bgh2j lfkfujno io c=by2gvh= g7xlgughgighyupjuho/

≤ Lfkfufv=]2 g5y8ag;glgigh rhhxgighyhj> g7hrhhxgighyho, y9 lg9yurk = lgk lhkf8=hys, ;kyu8ys,ighgcf8=hys, eghag9f8=hys, qg9;gbyu9i igphf8=hysio hyugbfvh= g9fgh eg969 qh4yuto/ Ljthgigh19=hlg9i = lf5yu thgn 7gdfvg0 qg9;f9= fu 2ynfrpf9yn;g9yuhgiy8 yukfrkf8=h=/

≤ G96ghgd9fv=]2 6f9 if9g0hf9o> g7r;jrys ig9fnj -yupjuho i'yuhfhg2 lgigi45fnyu 6f9 if9g0hf9yuh2ghgio gtey8a 19yugh ohpgv2jh/

≤ Eypgrjyutys lg9yurk yukfrkf8=h 1dkgdy90fv=]2>g7r tfkg8ghjupo ig9y8yupjuho yuhj g9fgh eg969qh4yuto hyugbfvhfnyu/

≤ Dhyutj zgtghgi bdy]u4 f8=2> pfngx9fnj =g96ghgd9fn eyny9 g7h yukfrkf8=ho, y9yhv ;=k2 yuhj2,y9;=rbj dhyutj zgtghgi cdh=2 g7h;jrj rhhxf8=h,y9yh2 sgkg5y8a fh fu ngu rhyuhx cfh ;g9yuhgif9/Pfngx9fnj = hgfu tj4k ig9xgn yukfrkf8=hjh ;gk-fghj g96ghgd9yupjuho, y9;=rbj ohk9=2 2ynfrpf9yn=byu9i fu hyugbgdy7h cgwys rykjyut "g8f8=h}

G%Y*AG:GLGIGH

LGUGRG(GI$%FV+]@ G(FGH QH$YUTO G%GHV XF*J

:g9kguy9yug0 c=]2 tj4kxf8f9yu xjtfnyu 6f9 g9fghqh4yuto lgugrg9gi45fnyulgtg9> 7g7khgef9yufvgu, y9ig9d to eg9fwy3yuthf9igkg9fno 6f9 g;9fngif9;jhmi9hg7 tf0 1dkgig9yupjuhyuhfhgn g5y8ayupfgh, y9yhvt=t=ih = eg9fngufn g9fghqh4yutj j9gsjqgio fug7r;jrys hgfu ;g4k;ghfn6f9 r9kjh r;g5hgvy8skghdhf9o/

100

;g9yuhgiy8 if9gi9gkfrgihf9o/≤ Bdyu4gv=]2 rykjyut=h "g8f8=h}> cgwguy9fv=]2

rykjyutj dy90g0yupjuho, y9yslfkfu rykjyutjghcgwguy9 1dkgdy90yuto io eg969gvh= g9fghqh4yuto/ Lfkfugeg9 lg9i = gh;g7tgh ngu if9;ysig9xgn yukfrkf8=hjh ;gkfgho fu bdyu4ghgng9lfrkgigh19=h ;gk9grkyug0 yukfrkf8=h=hfu trf8=h=h, jhc;=r hgfu bdyu4ghgn qg4f9yuh t=ag8 gufnvhfn=h/

≤ Ydfnjv ot;fnj2hf9=h bdyu4gv=]2> qj4x =, y9gryh2 r9kj lgtg9 ngu fh, rgig7h fp= bghyh21dkgdy90=2 cgwguy9yupfgte/ Jri fp= tf02ghgiyupfgte 1dkgdy90=2m ;gkqg5 ;jkj onngh6f9 g9fgh qh4yutjh eg969gvtgh fu gufnj fhpgig7io xg96hfh r9kj ljughxyupjuhhf9yu fukgdhg;hf9yu/ Fp= y9y4 kfrgij xf8f9i'1dkgdy90=2m g7r 3tjc2hf9o g9dfn2 iolghxjrghgh ghyhv ehgighyh 6fuys hf900tgh/Jri fp= g9fgh qh4yutj eg969gvyut= io kg5g;j2fu c=2 1dkgdy90f9 ydfnjv ot;fnj2hf9,egvg96gig;=r ;=k2 c= rirj2 3tfnyu/

≤ Bdyu4gv=]2 03g3yk=h> io shgr= 6f9g5y8ayupfgh fu io ;g9yuhgi= hj2ypjh hjupo, y9io eg969gvh= g9fgh qh4yuto/ Lg9i = hgfubdyu4ghgn 03g3ykjh fhpgig7 onngn=, y9yslfkfu;gkqg5 io xg5hg7 skghdguy9 ljughxyupfghv,y9yhvt= fh g9fgh qh4yutj eg969gvyuth yu r9kjljughxyupjuhhf9o/

≤ Hyugbfvhfn 2g`=jhj 2ghgio> djkhgighhf9kgigujh i'yuryuthgrj9fh ig;givyupjuho 2g`=jh1dkgdy90fnyuh fu g9fgh qh4yutj eg969gvtghtjafu> ghyh2 7g7khgef9g0 fh, y9 2g`=jho zgtghgiguy9 eg969gvyut io ;gkqg5= g9fghqh4yutjh/ Jhc gn onng7 ;g9gdghm wy96fv=]2 ryu9qigt 2g`=jh ;g9yuhgiy8 ot;fnj2hf9 3tfn= £ºsg79ifgh fk2 cgwfn g9fgh qh4yuto, fp=eg969gvg0 =m io h4ghgi=, y9 g7x t=ioz3kgigh19=h i'gbx= 6f9 g5y8ayupfgh,lfkfugeg9 lf5y]u thgv=2 ghyhvt=/ P=7jkfrgihf9m ighgc, r9qgdy7h igt qf9tgi, i9hghhy7h2gh 2g`=jh ;g9yuhgifn y92gh ryu9qo/ Yurkjxyu2 ;=k2 = djkhg2 p= y92ghy.s i’gbxyuj 6f9g9fgh qh4yuto 2g`=jh ;g9yuhgiy8 hjupf9=h/

G7r eyny9jh iy82jh lg9i = hgfu ig9fnj f8g0cgwys g519fg7 ifgh2j t=a lg9vf9yuh lfksf9gef9jn lghxg9k19=h fu lf5yu thgneg9iyupfh=h fu a8g7hyupfh=h, y9yslfkfu gryh2i9hgh ;gkqg5 lghxjrghgn g9fgh qh4yutjeg969gvtgh/ Lf5yu ifv=2 g7h zy8yshf9=h, y9yh2p=m zgtgsgqg5 i’ohfh, fu p=m a8g7jh io xg96hfh6fb/

101

Sgk k9gtgx9yupfghIfhrgeghgigh zgtgvy7vo

J.hc = ig;o 1xjh fu tf9 k9gtgx9yupfgh tjafu/Ig;o ny7ro fu tfngpyhjhh =/ F9fiy7fgh tg9tjhoi’g9kgx9= tfngpyhjh ly9tyho, y9 io ig9dguy9=ifhrgeghgigh zgtgvy7vo/ G7r ly9tyho;gkgr3ghgkyu = 2hghgnyu fu g9phhgnyuig9dguy9tgh/

K9gtgx9yupjuho `jbj2gigh fu tkguy9igkg9yut =/ Kg9ef9 jtgrkys dj4f9yugh ny7rj kgithgno i’yu4gvh= fu io hyugbfvh= tfngpyhjg9kgx9yuto tg9thjh t=a, y9 j9 lf9pjh ;gkqg5 ioxg5hg7 2yuhj 3ghdg9yutjh fu lgig5gio/

G5gu1kfgh zgtf9yuh tg9tjho ghegug9g9 ny7rcrkghgnyuh ;gkqg5gu tg9tjho tfngpyhjhj 7gufn-fgn g9kgx9yut i’oh=, y9 ;gkqg5 io xg5hg7

7ydhg0yupfgh fu f8ghgig7jh qh4yug0yupfgh/Tg9tjho ;=k2 = rkghg7 ifhrghjupf9 fu lgh2g7jh hjupf9/ Bdyu4ghgn ;=k2 = ghlg -

tgcgw gn2ylynj2 3tjc2hf9 ohxyuhfn=/ Yukfn g5gk eghag9f8=h fu tj9df9, y9yh2 i’1zkfhtg9tjho fu yu8f8o lg9yurk ifhrghjupf9ys fu lgh2g7jh hjupf9ys, fu io 4hy9lfh tf9g519fg7jh ehgighyh ohpgv2/

Tjur iy8t=h, f9e ghighyh sjqgi to igt ;gl to i’g;9jh2, ;=k2 = 3yurgwjh2 4y2yngyukfn= fu gn2ylynj2 3tjc2hf9 3tfn=, y9yh2 g7x ;glyuh io 7ydhfvhfh tfb `jbj2g;=r/

Ngugkfryupjuh>< Wy3ghgi 7gh6hyufnyu sgk f8ghgijh, ;=k2 = x9gigh tkg0fh2 fulgugkgh2 p= tyup 19= to fk2, g9fuo gh;g7tgh ;jkj 0gdj/ Py8 tj4k qf9tgi tk2f9oj43fh tf9 rfu tk2f9yuh s9g7, y9 x9gigh19=h ;jkj g9kgvyng7 6f9 lydfighjh futkg0yutjh s9g7/ Lf5yu thgn dy90j qh4yug0yupfh=h fu xyu2 6fb beg8fvhfn wy96fv=2ig9xgnys fu rjhftg f9pgnys/

Ohif9g7jh tjagsg79>< G9xjuhgu=k ohif9g7jh ifgh2o io wy3= 2yu k9gtgx9yupjuhx/Lf5yu thgv=2 7y5fkfr gh6f9=, gtyu9 fu ;jhx 7g9gef9yupjuh ;gl= 2yu iy8gijvjx lfk,y9yslfkfu lf5yu thgno io rkf80= ng9yug0yupjuh/ Fp= g5jpo oh0g7yuj, qgtey9x=] fu ohk9=]f9ij9 to yu9 g9fu ig7/

G7r djkgigh wgrko tfb ;=k2 c= kghj ng9yug0 sjqgij/ F9e y9 f8ghgio sgk =mig5cg0 ;=k2 = thgh2 ;glfnyu tf9 ngu k9gtgx9yupjuho/

Ifhrghjup D j ;gigro ;gkqg5 io xg5hg7 hgfu f8ghgig7jh depression-j 2ghj y9g9fu=h io rkghgh2 D ifhrghjupo, y9 gufnjh hyugb kfrghfnj = 6t9gh f8ghgijh/

Ifhrghjup D whk5fn rhhxgtpf92hf9yuh t=a, 19jhgim ju8yk 6yui, lguijp fu ryuhi/ Igt3y9l9xgivjn ezj4ijh lfkm rkghgnyu lgtg9 ifhrghjup D xf8f9yu tjayvgu/

$hcg5yupjuh>< Xyu9r dgn ngu fu g9fuyk f8ghgijh fu 4hcfn tg2yu9 1x, hgfu cgwguy9g9fuj fhpg9iyujn, y9;=rbj io eg969ghg7 ifhrghjup Dj kyiyro tg9tjhjh t=a/

G5y8a hg3gqg4 ohfno io rkf80= ngu k9gtgx9yupjuh/Ifx9yhghgn g5y8ag9g9 g03gayu9f9yu s9g7, y9;=rbj tf9 tg9thjh g;glysfh2

R=91pyhjho, y9 lghxg9kfvyuvjc hjup toh =, fu k9gtgx9yupjuh io eg969gvh=/ Nguk9gtgx9yupfgh io h;grkfh hgfu ohiy7bo, hyu4o, 2gzyh, kyu9to fu 0ysg7jh 6ihf8=hhf9o/

Sgk k9gtgx9yupfh= lf5yu thgnyu lgtg9 1dgdy90fv=2 rgngtyh fu pyhg 6yuif9o,y9yh2 tf0 2ghgihf9ys io ;g9yuhgifh Omega 3o =gigh ifhrghjupo/

:=k2 = lfkfujn g5y8a rhhxgighyhj, y9 tfbj lf5yu io ;gl= tfngtg86ykyupfh= fu sgkk9gtgx9yupfh=/

102

Gurk9gnjgigh hy919fg7 yuryuthgrj9yupjuh to, y9 igkg9yug0 =Py9yhpy7j MRgh Tg72onM ljughxghyvjh t=a, 7g7khgef9fv, y9f9f3ghf9yu yukfnyu rysy9yupjuhhf9o hg32gh x;9yv f9pgnyukg9j2o tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuh i'yuhfhg7 7fkgdg7jh r9kj igtbg9if9gihf9yu ljughxyupjuhhf9= kg5g;fnyu lgughgighyupfghs9g7/

Yuryuthgrj9yupjuho ohxd9ig0 =9 ¡¡ºº f9f3g7 hg32gh x;9yvf9pgnyu kg9j2o fu io rf9k=9 ig;givyupjuho ghyhv yukfnyurysy9yupjuhhf9yuh fu cg9y9gi 2ynfrpf9ynj ifhrgtgig9xgijheg969gvtgh tjafu, y9 gbxgh4gho io lgtg9yuj g;gdg7jh r9kj fubg9if9gihf9yu ljughxyupjuhhf9= kg5g;fnyu lgughgighyupfgh/

Djkhgighhf9o 7g7khgef9fvjh, p= £-∞ kg9figh f9f3ghf9yuhyukfnyu sgkg5y8a rysy9yupjuhhf9o ;gkqg5 io xg5hgh cg9y9gi2ynfrpf9ynj eg969gvtgh lgtftgkgeg9 g7h f9f3ghf9yuh, y9yh2g5y8ag;glgigh rhhxgighyhj io lfkfujh/

Yuryuthgrj9yupfgh dn3guy9 ;gkgr3ghgkyu djkhgigh Hg`:f9ryk orgu> M@ynfrpf9ynj eg969gvyuto i9hg7 7fkgdg7jh ;gkqg5 lghxjrghgn yu8f8g7jh igtr9kj kgdhg;hf9yuM/ Gh io 4f4k= orfnys> M)hy8hf9 ;=k2 = cgwgbghv yu4gxj9 onngh j9fhvbgugihf9yuh kgnyu g5y8ag;glgigh fu g7ngbgh yukfnj2hf9, jhc;=r hgfu y9y4fnyu yukfnyu zgtghgih yu g9k1hfnj 2ghgioM/

Gh io pfngx9= 0hy8hf9o, y9 MYukfnyu zgtf9o lgqfnj xg96hfh j9fhv bgugihf9yuh lgtg9,rgig7h g7r t=io cj h4ghgif9, y9 bghyh2 hrkfvhfh lf5gkfrjnjh igt lgtgig9djcjh fu igtfnfik9yhg7jh 3g8f9yu xjtgvM/

RHHXGDJKGIGH

TGHIYUPFGH RHYUHXO G:GDG&J G%Y*AYUPJUHH +

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eghag9f8=ho io lgtg9yuj/

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eghag9f8=hhf9=h ;=k2 = onng7 6f9 g5y8ayupfgh lgtg9/

-Sg9yuhdo io lgugrg9gi45= 6f9 tg9thj ayu9j 2ghgio/

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s9g7, y9;=rbj lghdrkghgr g9fuj qg5gdg7phf9yuh kyug0 kg2yupfh=h/

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-Sg9yuhdo io lghxg9kfvh= rkgty2rj lgtgig9do/

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-Sg9yuhdo io eg9fngu= tg9thjx xjtgx9y8gigh lgtgig9do/

-Sg9yuhdo qg4gi= j9 if8fuys, y9 lg9yurk = ifhrghjup Cys/

103

Ky2p> Qyh Iy9koh g5gajhh =9 y9 7gay8fvgu ghgryuhj htghgitghm 2nyhjhij dy90y8yupfgh t=a,y9yuh lgtg9, ™º¡™ p>-jh ;g9dfugk9yufvgug9zghghgnys Hy;=nfgh t9vghgij/ ”Kynnj” yc3g9o,;g9bg;=r g5gajh igphgryuh ghgryuhh =9, y9 xyu5oegvgu yu9j4 ghgryuhhf9yu 2nyhjhij dy90y8yupfgh/¡ªª¶-jh yuhfvgh2 g5gajh 2nyhjhi f8g0 tyuio, ™ºº¡-jhmigkyuh, fu g;g yuhfvgh2 2nyhjhi f8g0 iysf9, nyuf9,hy7hjri yu8kf9/

Lgig5gi gryhv, g7r dy90y8yupjuho xf5 hy9 = yug9xjgigh/ Gh io ij9g9iyuj ghgryuhjh DNA-olghfnys fu bfkf8fnys ;g9g; eajag7jh 6yuj (egg cell)t=a/ F9e io nfvyuj lguijpo, g7h;=r to i’ohfh, y9egzhyuj lguijpo 7g5gkfu19=h, fu g;g g7r lguijpo iobfkf8yuj =d ghgryuhj to t=a 78jgvhfnyu h;gkgiys/)hg0 ghgryuho hy7hgkj; ifhxghj toh = j9 ”0hy82jh”,

y9 kyugu DNA-o /&gay8yupjuho, g7r dy90y8yupjuhhf9yuh t=a

lgrg0 = •º%-j/ Y9yslfkfu 2nyhjhi f8g0 ghgryuhhf9ohgfu ljughxyupjuhhf9o i’g5hfh j9fhv 0hy8hf9=h, tjg7hgtfhg g5y8a, lgtys tjr yuhfvy8 yu b19guy9 ghgryuhhf9o io dy90g0yujh 2nyhjhij lgtg9, y9yhv0g3rf9o 4gk tf0 fh, y9yslfkfu kf3hynyijgh xf5 hy9=/ Iysyu to 2nyhjhij 0g3ro t1kguy9g;=r ¡º ººº$ -=/

Gbhyugvf8 6j to 2nyhjhij fhpg9iyug0 =Pf2ror 2g8g2jh t=a, t1kguy9g;=r ¡∞º ººº $j/ Gtfh-grj9fnj igkyux, £∞ ººº$-ys, dg8khj 6fuys i9hg7 2nyhjhij fhpg9iyujn/Tg9x g9g9g0o xf5 2nyhjhij c=fhpg9iyug0, p=fu djkhgighhf9 i9vg0 fh bfkf8fneajag7jh ;g9yuhgiyupjuho (DNA)-o ;g9g; eajag7jhlguijpj t=a, rgig7h eo-ajajh egzhyujno fu g9dghxjh t=a bfkf8fno 78jgvhfnyulgtg9 ghig9fnj f8g0 =/ ™º¡£-jh, !9jiyh ghyuhysohif9yupjuh to, Tjgvfgn Hglghdhf9yu t=a, ghvgug5gajh g9dfn2o dg`=jh bfkf8fnys eajajh t=a/ J9fhvg;gdg7j h;gkgio ;jkj onng7 2nyhjhijdy90gx9yupfgte tg9xig7jh 78yupjuho 7gay8vhfn/

Ghgryuhhf9yu g9kgx9yupfgh t=a,khkfrgd=khf9o ohxyuhg0 fh 2nyhjhio, y9;=r 7gay8dy90y8yupjuh gdg9gig7jh ghgryuhhf9yulgtg9/ Ghyh2, g7r sf9ajh kgro kg9jhf9yu ohpgv2jhg;glysyupfgh yu g9kgx9gh2j tjafu igkg9g0eg8xgkyutys lgrkgkg0 fh p= 2nyhjhij fhpg9iyug0ghgryuhhf9yuh tjro g;glys = fu ig9fnj = yukfn/

™ºº£-jh Food And Drug Administration -o7g7kg9g9g0 = p= g7h tjro, y9 i’g9kgx9yuj 2nyhjhijfhpg9iyug0 ghgryuhhf9=h ;=k2 c= dy90g0fn 4yuig7jt=a/ Eg7v ™ºº•jh hy7h FDA -o 7g7kg9g9fv p=, g7r

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104

ghgryuhhf9=h fig0 tjrh yu igphf8=hjg9kgx9yupjuhhf9o ig9fnj = dy90g0fn, hgfuFu9y;gigh Tjyupjuho (EU) hy7h;=r lgtg6g7hfvgu/

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Ghyh2 y9yh2 io lgtg6g7hjh 2nyhjhijdg8gwg9jh g7h ig90j2jh fh p= 2nyhjhij fhpg9iyug0ghgryuhhf9yuh rf9yuhxhf9o, g7rjh2h g7h ghgryuhhf9o,y9yhv DNA -o djkvyug0 =, iyu kgh ngu tjr, g5ghvljughxyupjuhhf9yu, y9yslfkfu gufnj 2jc ly9tyhhf9dy90g0yug0 fh/ Rgig7h, 2nyhjhij lgig5giy9xhf9o io;hxfh y9 g7x ghgryuhhf9o i’yuhfhgh hy7hxjtgx9y8gigh (Immunity) lgtgig9do fu g;gdg7jhy9fu= kfrgij virus i9hg7 ychcgvhfn kyufgn ifhxghjjhy8a vf8gkfrgio/

Hf9ig7jr, 2ghj to hy9 f9ij9hf9, 4yuig7=h hf9rohxyuhg0 fh 2nyhjhi f8g0 ghgryuhhf9, jhc;=r iyso fu3ybo, jhc;jrjh fh Qgwyho, Cjhgrkgho, GTH-h fu Ghdnjgh/ Sf9af9r, Cjhgrkgho 7g7kg9g9fv, y9$=hbfh hglghdj t=a rirg0 = 3ybf9yu tf0g2ghgig9kgx9yupjuh/ G7r dy90y8yupjuho io igkg9yuj BGI-jiy8t=, y9 g43g9lj gtfhgtf0 3yb 2nyhjhi ohy8

ohif9yupjuhh =/ Gt=heajag7h19=h 6fugwy3yug0ghgryuh tjg7h t=i kig9i=k yuhj, i’fhpg9iyuj7gkyui ljughxyupfgh totjg7h/ Tjhcfu ljtg g7r ghgryuhhf9o dy90g0yug0 fhtf0 xf8gdy90gighohif9yupjuhhf9yu iy8t=y9;=r wy96gxg4k GNBGLG&TO(J,WG(@JHRYHJ igtg7nfug7n ljughxyupjuhhf9yuyuryuthgrj9yupfgh lgtg9,2ghj tg9xyu fu 3ybj DNA-ohtgh fh j9g9yu, g7rwy96g9iyuthf9yu 4hy9ljudjkhgighhf9o tg9xyveyuztgh t=a hy9ghy97gay8yupjuhhf9yu io lgrhjh/ BGI-o ∞ºº kg9ef9 2nyhjhi

ghgryuhhf9 i’g9kgx9=gt=h kg9j/

Lg9vgx9yuthf9o vy7v kyug0 fh, y9 EU-jkg9g02j ªº¬ -o tg9xyv kf8figvyug0 = 2nyhjhijtgrjh/ G7r tg9xyv ∞º ¬-o io ig90=, p= 2nyhjhio ioij9g9iyuj g9kgx9tgh t=a, jri ¢£¬ -o org0 = p= fp=g9kgx9yupjuhhf9yuh ;jkgihf9yuh s9gh g96ghgd9yujp= tjro g5hyug0 = 2nyhjhi f8g0 ghgryuh=, g7x;g9gdg7jh dhy9xo ;jkj cwgwg2j dhfn/

Y9;=r fb9gigvyupjuh h4fh2, y9 djkhgighhf9oio lgrkgkfh p= 2nyhjhio 1dkgig9 = ghgryuhhf9yug9gd egbtgvtgh dy90y8yupfgh t=a/ Rgig7h, orkdjkhgifhhf9yuh lgig5gi g7r x9gigh iy8tjh 2ny-hjhij ij9g9yuto egug9g9 tjayv to c= igh3fnyu fusf9gvhfnyu g43g9lj s9g7 kj9y8 ryso/ Xf5 4g92 tolghd9yughhf9yu fu dy90y8yupjuhhf9yu ig9j2o ig7g5ga2o g5hfnyu lgtg9 g43g9lj s9g7 g;9y8 eju9guy9tg9xyv gh1pyupfgh/

Ky2p> +KJ (GDYU:FGH

105

G43g9lj t=a gt=h=h 4gk r;g5y8 fu19gigh x9yupfgte dy90g0yuy8 xf8y9g72oghyh2 fh, y9yh2 qf9tgi yu5fhj=h fuMtg9dgdfkhj pgdyuljhM iycyug0 ey7r=hi'g9kglghyujh/ G7r xf8o grej9jhh =/ ¡ª9xxg9yu ijryuh djkhgighhf9 7gay8fvghghagkfn yu5jj ppyuh fu 1dkgdy90fn bg7h,lriy8yupfgte df9tghgvj f9iyudjkhgighhf9yuhm Qf9lg9kj fu Ly`t=hj, jri:g7o9 kg99gnyu0g9gho g9kgx9fv bg7h ¡•ªª-jh/ G;j29gk ezj4io, y9yuh io ;gkighjez4igigh f9xyuto, y9ys f9xyut i'ohfh g43g9ljeyny9 ezj4ihf9o hg32gh ez4iyupfgte beg8jno,qf9tgi yu5jj tgrjh 7j4gkgig0 =, tgkhgh4fnysghy9 vgugb9ijc fu kg2yupfgh af9tgrkjqghohyugbfvhy8 7gkiyupjuhhf9o/ G;g g7h eyny9xf8j kfrgihf9o, y9yh2 y9y4 2ghgiys ty9`jh fu2yk=jh io ;g9yuhgifh, g9kglghyug0 i'onngh3g43g4 ey7rjh ;g9yuhgig0 gwjyh hjup=h/

@jhjh hjupo, y9 i'1dkgdy90yuj tgng9jgljughxyupfgh eyuztgh lgtg9, i'g9kglghyuj2jhg 0g5=h, y9 7g7khgef9yufvgu Lg9gug7jhGtf9jig7j t=a fu ghi= kg9g0yufvgu gtey8ag43g9ljh/ @g8vif8g7jh yu5yuv2hf9yu eyuztgh1dkgdy90yug0 pg2ryp=9 hjupo i'g9kglghyujifhyu if ey7r=h fu `=h29jrpjh hjup=h, y9i'g9kglghyuj MPeriwinkleM ey7r=h/ R9kjljughxyupjuhhf9yu eyuztgh lgtg9i'1dkgdy90yuj kjqjpgnjh hjupo, y9i'g9kglghyuj kjqjpgn ey7r=h, y9 4gk pyuhguy9= fu i'g9kgx9yuj sg9xgdy7h dnghg6fu 0g8ji=to, g7r hjupo i'1dkgdy90yuj 4gk 2jc2ghgiyupfgte r9kj ljughxyupfghv lgtg9;gk9grkyug0 xf8f9yuh t=a/

Sf9y7j4fgn hjupf9o xf8y9g72j;gk9grkyupfgh lgtg9 i'1dkgdy90yujhkg9ef9 2ghgiyupfgte fu lgtftgkyupfgte/

$gkf9 io ig90=jh, p= g9lfrkgigh19=hg9kgx9yuy8 xf8y9g72o ;jkj wy3g9jhfheyurgigh xf8f9o, y9yh2 i'1dkgdy90yu=jh ljhgkfh ez4igdjkyupfgh t=a/ Tg9xjii'gihign=jh, y9 ljughxyupjuhhf9o ;jkj

hglghafh xf8y9g72j djkgigh 7f8gwy3yupfghxjtgv, rgig7h xzeg3kgeg9 7g7khyufvghhg3g;=r cqghcvyug0 yu ckg9g0yug0ljughxyupjuhhf9 fu grys g43g9lo pfugiy3fvgheyuzfnj ljughxyupfghv lghd9yugh to/ G7rt=io lfkfugh2h =9 tg9xig7jh ifgh2jh t=a2jtjgigh hjupf9yuh hf93yuzyutjh, y9yh2g;gighfvjh ifhryny9ko fu z3kgigh19=hgbxfvjh tg9xyu g5y8ayupfgh fuljughxyupjuhhf9yu x=t xjtgx9y8gighyupfghs9g7, higkj g5g0 y9 g9lfrkgigh19=hg9kgx9yuy8 xf8y9g72o iy8thgij sgkgbxfvyupjuhhf9 4gk yuhjh eg8xgktgteehgigh hjupf9yuh, y9yh2 ehgighgeg9 fuxju9yupfgte i9hgh hf900yujn tg9xig7jhtg9thjh t=a/

Ljh ez4igdjkyupjuhoIgrig0 cig7, y9 g9xj ez4igdjkyupjuho

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Rgig7h lg9i = bghgbghfn xf8h yu ey7ro,y9t= i'g9kglghyuj xf8o, y9yslfkfu ey7rjhxjtfno tj4k c= y9 r;gryug0 g9xjuh2o iyu kg7,higkj g5g0 y9 eyuzjc eg8gx9jco tf02ghgiyupfgte fu gufnj ly0yupfgte1dkgdy90yug0 i'onng7 xf8jh t=am eg8xgktgteey7rjh t=a f8g0 2ghgijh/

EY&RF(+H G(KGLGHYUG) XF*Y(G&@O

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EZ$IGDJKGIGH

106

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Ijho ohxyuhfv j9fh l9gtvyug0o, z;kgv fu 4hy9lgignyupjuh7g7khfv k8fijh/ K8fio rj9fv ihya tf8t fu 4hy9lgign z;jko, wy29kyuw to ;kyu8j ljup fur l9gtvyuv ghy9/ Ijho i9ijh dylyuhgiyupfghz;jkys to ohxyuhfv j9fh gbhyu19=h l9gtvyug0o/ K8fio g7h2gh yu9g3=9, y9 f9ig9 zgtghgi ghvyuv beg8fnys ihya lfkm bdgnys y9 jh2 iowg9gk= ihya k39yupjuho/

F9e tyupo jhigu, k8fio higkfv y9 7ydhg0 =9 fu ;=k2 =9 egzhyujnj9 hy9 eg9figtyulj=h/ Yk2j fngu tj 2ghj 2g7n g5gu x=;j g5ga, fk2o, fkfu hg7fvgu, sgbfv0f9yuhj ihya t1k fu wgppyufvgu ghy9/ Ijho j9 dylyuhgiyupjuho 7g7khfv 4gk tf0 z;jkys to, fk2ok8fio tfihfvgu/

K8fio kyuh sf9gxg96gu x=t2o yu9g3yupfgh g9kg7g7kyupfgte wg7nyuh/ Tg79o bjh2 xjtguy9fv> ≥J.hc o9j9 g7r19, y9 2fbj g7r2gh yu9g3yupjuh kyugu÷> ≥Grkyu0y7 lghxj;fvg7,;gkgr3ghfv k8fio, -djkf.r jhc, lghxj;fvg7 0f9yuhj ihya to gtfhgdf8fvji z;jkjh÷/

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107

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�'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A9 5BC<CB'A2B <'C(&@>$C3B?B ?> <9 +?ACB@A@,?BCB,@A*@>B?C6 58=8B?A9, @A@hv .?:?>CB1@+ ;CA;=B9 )CA%@>0?C;5 <96C8@-= )C61CA=4 *?A@>0?CB /2;:1980-C<CB 0@>C<CBB?A@> +?A8C>@A@>0?CB ,=:BC<CBB?A9 8CBC3?A ?B<=7?4 =A?B3 5C%;C;?C6 .C;@%;@>B1B?A9 C(&CA.= ;CA/@3 @> <CBCB3 .?:.C7:C:?4@+ @A 5C%;C<@-;CB= *?AC3;CB /2; )C61CA?4@> (;CA=: �@A�9)2:1 2 .?#@> /=:?4 7@7< ,?-?3<@>0=>B =AC<CBC3B?42:�CA/@> ;CA;=B9 <9 )CA@>BC<2 ;':C>@AC)27 4 0A=4=@B 58=8:�'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A9 ;CA/@> 5@4@A 'A<CBB?A@> ?> .=>7@>C*1B?A@>58=8B?A@> BC&C:=)?AB ?B, @A@B3;2 <9 <C%;@>=B ;BC3C* 5@4@A :?7C<=58=8B?A9` CB'0C6=B .C;C<CA,=, @7<AC6=B, ;<CBC6=B ?> C64B :

" @- 'A<CB=%;= ;=4=@BC>@A 58=8B?A9 <'C#C8CBCB 7@7< ;2< 58=82, @A <9 <C%;C>@A@>= :-C;CA/@3 ?> <CBCB37?#C<CB 58=8B?A@> ;=C�@>4;CB CA/=>B1@+: "6/ 58=89 @! ;=C6B <9 )CA@>BC<2 'A<CB=%;= ;C7=B C;5@-8:?-?<C:@>@>0=>B9, C64?> CB@A 6C8@A/C<CB %CA,C3;CB .C;C<CA,9:�'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A9 <'C)C.@+?B +BC7@>C* 'A<CBB?A@> ?> .=>7@>C*1B?A@> +?AC<CB,;CB ,@A*9B0C39:�A?B3 5B@60@+ 3'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A9 <9 (:C)?B ;CA;B= "CB7CA1" .C:@>C*9 ?> <9 �@&CA=B?B C67 <C; C6B CB/C;=.=>CB/ ?> +BC7@>C* 58=8B?A9: "B@B1 <ABCB �@&CA=B?4 @! ;=C6B +BC7@>C* 58=8B?A9, C64 BC?> *?AC3C* 58=8B?A9:

108

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�C<C6B tg9x y92gh lgrgi g5h=,, C67 ,@A*9B0C39 <9 7<7= /CB/C-=4,+C:0CACBC4: �C;CBC<C<=3 7B@>B/9, @A <9 )CA@>BC<2 ;?* 1CBC<@>0?C;5 <?B/CBC<CB?> CA.?7:C<CB CA)?A, CA@>?7:C<CB (C1CA, 7BB/C6=B <@>:C<@>;B?A, fu hyugbgdy7h0CA; ):@>-B?A ?> 5CB8CA?-2B, =B!)27 BC?> CAC, ?> .?>1@: C)A?4C<?)= )C: C#C* B(@>;9, @,?4=3 &;=!1B?A@> ?> *&C&@:=',:C,@A*@>;9, ;0B@4@A:= C)C<CB@>;9,5@4@AB C4 ;?* /?A <9 &C-CB :<CAC3B?4@>58=8C6=B B@AC3;CB ,@A*9B0C39, @A@>.?:?>CB1@+ ;CA/ .C<@>C* <'944C6+C-C$C;<2: 1A@B=< .=>CB/@>0=>BB?A@> <C;1C-3<?-=:

�'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A9 <'CA0B3B?B;CA;B= 1BC3C* 58=8B?A9 ?> <9 &AC&@>7?B58=8C6=B ;C7BC:yuto &0CB?4@+ C#@-8.=>7@>C*1B?A@> C B @> ,@A*C#@609 ?> <9+?AC<CB,B?B .=B @> +BC7@>C* 58=8B?A9:"67 5@>$@>;9 <?B7CB=>0?A@+, .CB1C6=B ?> C64 5BC<CB )C6;CBC<CB 5@>$@>;B?A !=)CA@>BC<?A: "B <'C)C.@+2 C6B 5@4@A :CAA?A9, @A@B1 CB.AC$?(: ?B .=>7@>C*1B?A@>5BC<CB 5@>$;CB ?> 5CA?4C>@>C* 58=8B?A@> +?AC*B@>0?CB: ?-C,@A*C<CB C64 CA:C/A@>0=>BB?A9 <'C(&C:=B %7)?4 ;=C6B @A@(C<= C&:CB=(B?A<CA $CBC<C.C:@>C*= .C;CA, ;=B! 3'-@>BC7=B 58=8B?A@+ 5@>$@>;9 <9 &0CB2 ;CA;B=+?AC<CB,;CB 7?�C<CB ?> .%'A ,@A*9B0C3B?A9 ?> @>B= B<C:?4= ?A<CAC$C;<2:C%/?3@>0=>B:

�B!)27 6C6:B= 2, ;?A 58=8B?A9 5BC<CBC5CA ?> )CA5?AC5CA <9 .C;C4A@>=B ;?A<?CB1= 9B0C31=B ;C7BC:;CB ;=8@3@+: "67 ,@A*9B0C39 CA/=>BC>2: 2 6C:<C)27 ;?A?A=:C7CA/@>0?CB :CA=B?A@>B: �8=8B?A@> C67 ;C7BC:;CB @A)27 CA/=>B1� ;?B1 (C:C#@-8 58=8B?A <'@>B?BCB1 <?CB1= %CA,C3;CB <CB@>& �@>4?A@>B, @A@B1 ;?%= <@> :CB<?B7@>BC<@>0=>B, C#@-8 @> ,?-?3=< :?71 @> CB7C.;CBC�C< <CA@-@>0=>BB?A ?>C(&@>$@>0=>B, 7C<C6B $C;CBC<= 9B0C31=B ?A5 ;?B1 :CA=1 <'C#B?B1� C6/ 58=8B?A9.?:%.?:2 <9 ;C.CBCB ?> 58=8B?A@> ;C7BC:;CB ,@A*9B0C39 BC&<=B=B !C� CA/=>BC>2:!'944CA:

�8=8B?A@> ;C7BC:;CB C67 CB6C8@-@>0=>BB?A@>B .?: <C)@>C* ?B ;CA/@3C#@-8C)C.C<CB (C: ;9 &B/=AB?A9: �?AC3;CB C#C8=B B(CBB?A9 6C C& <9 B<C:@>=BCB.C:C<CB 'A<CBB?A@> <C; .=>7@>C*1B?A@>, =B!)27 'A=BC<, ;C%= ?> ;C(<= +AC6, @A;2?:1 .?:%.?:2 5CA/@>0=>BB?A9 C>?4= <9 &@ACBCB ?> ;?B1 <9 .CB/=)=B1 8-C6=B,;CA7@-C<CB, (B!C#C<CB ?> ;<CBC6=B .C;C<CA,?A@> ;C<CA/C<@+ &B/=AB?A@>:"67:?- .CA< 2 B(?4, 02 <CB CA:C1=B C64 ,@A*'BB?A9, @A@B1 <'C%/?B ;?A +AC6 ?><'CAC,C3B?B 58=8B?A@> C64C7?A@>;9, =B!)27� C-1C:=< 7B@>B/9, ;7?-2BB?A@> 4C6B',:C,@A*@>;9, .CB,=7:= 5C3C<C6@>0=>B9, 0;AC/?-?A@> ',:C,@A*@>;9 ?> @,?4=3&;=!1B?A@> !CAC(C.@>;9:

"B&@>7C�?4= ,@A*'BB?A C4 <CB $C;CBC<C<=3 C(&CA.= ;28, =B!)27 ;:C6=B ?>�=%=1C<CB B(@>C*@>0=>B9 C(&C:C+C6A?A@> ;28 ?> 6C:<C)27 CA.?7:C<CB 7B@>B/= 4C6B;C:C<CACA@>;9: "67 5@4@A=h )C: C#@+ ;?%;2 (C:?A C67'A <9 :C#C)=B ;C%?A@><@A@>7:@+, /2;1= +C-C$C; <B =#B?A@+, ,?A6@,BC*@>0?C;5, /=;C/A@-C<CB .C;C<CA,=:<CAC3;C;5, 0@>4C3;C;5 ?> .?:?>C5CA CAC, *?AC3;C;5, @A@B1 5@4@AB C4 %@>,@A/@>C*

109

?B 5BC<CBC5CA B?A1=B 58=8B?A@> *?AC3;CB ,@A*9B0C3B?A@>B .?::�'-@>BC6=B 58=8B?A@+ 5@>$@>;9 C67'A <CA?4= 2 4C6B'A2B <=ACA?4 )CA%@>0?C;5 /CB/C-?3B?4@> .C;CA *?AC3@>;9 ?>)C(:)CB?4@> ;CA;=B9 CA:C1=B C%/C<B?A2B: �8=8C6=B 5@>$@>;9 <9 )C(:)CB2 ;?A C#@-8 58=8B?A9, =7< +C:?A9 <9+?ACB@A@,2, C64 &'71@+ <9 +?AC<CB,B2 C#@-8 @> ;C1@>A 58=8B?A@> CA:C/A@>0=>B9:

Day 1 Day 2

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"67 5@>$;C;5 C>?4= 1CB ?A5?>2 <CA?4= 2 ?A=:C7CA/ %,C4 @>?A=:C7CA/ ?A?>=4:

"67 5@>$;CB (B@A.=> <CA?4= 2 C)A=4 @> +C6?4?4 <?CB19 =A5@4@A .C @61B?A@+ @> ,?-?3<@>0?C;5:"B C;?BC+7:C.?4= 5@>$@>;B 2, @A CB9B/.C: <'C(&C:=?A=:C7CA/C3B?4 C(&CA.9� 7:?-*?4@+ C#C8=B @AC<= ?> CA/=>BC>2:.C<C:CA=1C6=B 4@>*@>;B?A, @A@B1 )CA%@>0?C;5 <ABCB 5@4@A=<?CB19 5CA?4C>?4:

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�@10. �CA?. �C4 ?CB�C732. �26A@>0 - �@AC"1=4 ?-. (2B1 - ?AA@A/ 6CA<� �?#.01-24 51 51-Mob:71 89 63 58

110

)F(YUPFGH X+T :G&@G(FV+]@G%Y*AG:GLGIGH RHHXF*+HYS

G5y8ag;glgigh yukfnj2hf9o i'1dhfh 6f9 df8fvjig9kg2jho ;gl;ghfnyu, lghdrkyupfgh bdgvyut 4hy9lfnyufu vy7v ckgnyu 6f9 jrigigh kg9j2o, g7r;jrys gufnjf9jkgrg9x kfr2 to i9hg2 yuhfhgn/ Yurkj lfkfufv=2 lfkfufgn ljhd 39gkhf9yuh ;gl;ghfnyu lgtg9 6f9g5y8ayupjuhh yu df8fviyupjuho>

≤ Whk5fv=2 dy7hf9oLgigbxy8 ifhrgigh hjupf9h fh, y9 nynjijh io 4hy9lfh

j9 ig9tj9 dy7ho, ;9y2ynjjhm ighgco, jri gtfhgig9fuy9om ioigh3g9djnfh x=t2j ihqj5hf9yuh 7g7khuyuto fu 2ynfrpf9ynjhiyukgiyuto f9gihf9yuh t=a/ G7r hjupf9o io igrfvhfh12rjkgvhy8 hjupf9yuh 4gkhgno, y9yh2 io ;gkqg5fh0f9yupjuh, 2g8vif8 fu r9kj lg9vf9/

≤ Hjupgwy3ghgitgh hjupf9oHjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 hjupf9ys lg9yurk yukfrkf8=h 1dkgdy90fv=2

f9ig9 fu g5y8a g;9fnyu lgtg9/ G7r hjupf9o ;=k2 = egug9g9 cgwys 1dkgdy90=2, y9yuhlgtg9 lg9i = ighgcf8=h fu ;kyu8 yukfn, tghgughxm bghgbgh dy7hf9ys, y9yslfkfuju9g2ghcju9 dy7h g5y8ag;glgigh 7gkiyupjuh to yuhj/ !9jhgim pyupjh ;g9yuhgig0hjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 hjupf9o io ;gl;ghfh kfry8yupjuho, hyu5jh;g9yuhgig0o io igh3g9djn= r9kj kgdhg;hf9o, jri ;9y2ynjjhom tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuhyuhj lf5yu ;glfnyu 6fb iyu902j 2g8vif8=h/

≤ Qg9;f9o@jc to qg9; gufnvyuv=2 6f9 yukfnj2hf9yuh, y9yslfkfu qg9;f9o ty9pj igbtyupfgh t=a

tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhjh/ Lf5yu thgv=2 ifhxghgigh qg9;f9=h, jhc;jrjh fhm ju8h yuig9gdo, g7n 1dkgdy90fv=2 eyurf8=ho, jhc;jrjh fhm 6jpg;kyu8j 6=po, 6ihf8=hjh, lyutlhkf8=hjh yu ohxf8=hjh ;g9yuhgig0 6=po/ G7r 6jpgju8f9o tf0 xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhjhigh3g9djnfnyu r9kj lg9vf9o, 4g2g9g3ko, 2g8vif8h yu gnblg7to9o, jhc;=r hgfuljthgigh g8eju9 io higkyujh 1t=ig £-jh, y9 hgfu ljthgigh ;g4k;ghh = x=t2j ty9pjhm0f9yupfgh h4ghhf9yuh x=t/

≤ Ig9tj9 djhj$gegpgigh ™-£ ghdgt 3tfv=]2 ig9tj9 djhjh qg4jh lfk, y9;=rbj tg9tjho ig9fhg7

bg7h hf900fn ngugdy7h if9;ys/ G7r t=io io 6f9egbgk= 6fb r9kj ljughxyupjuhhf9=kg5g;fn=h, 4g2g9g3k=h fu g7n skghdguy9 ljughxyupjuhhf9=/

≤ Ighgc p=7!9gigh t=i dgugp ighgc p=7 3tfno g9fgh qh4yutj eg969gvyuto io hyugbfvh= ¢§¬

lgughgighyupfgte/ Fp= 1dkgdy90yutj 2ghgio gufnvh=2 g7r lgughgighyupjuho ioeg969ghg7 §∞¬jm 4hy9lju McatechinM hjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 hjupjh/ Ju9g2ghcju9¡ i9gt ighgc p=7 io ;g9yuhgi= ¡ºº i9gt g7r hjup=h/

≤ Lgugrg9gi45fn yukfrkf8=hj 2ghgioLg9`y9kj t=a yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9 io lgrkgkfh, p= g7h ijhf9o, y9yh2 j9fhv

;gkghfiyupfgh 49aghjh dj9yupfh= cfh kg5g;g0 hyugb fhpgig7 i'onngh r9kjkgdhg;hf9yu, 4g2g9g3kj fu g9fgh qh4yutj/

111

IG(TJ( DJHJH IO :G$K:GH+ RJ(KX FUI'F(IG(+ IFGH@X

Djhjh ydfnjv ot;fnj2 toh =, y9 kg9jhf9= j sf9 0gh1p = j9lgtys fu ghyu4 lykys, g7r;jrys gh lghxjrgvgu rf8ghjhghegzgh t=i tgrhjio, 7gkig;=rm 6t9gh fu k1hgigh 19f9yuh/#1r2o eyny9 kfrgij djhjhf9yuh tgrjh = gh4yu4k/

Djhjh gtey8a g43g9lj s9g7 yc tjg7h bg7h rj9y8hf9o iolfkg2929=, g7n ghys lfkg2929yug0 fh ezj4ihf9o hy7hjri, y9yh2io hg3ohk9fh bg7h tjur eyny9 kfrgij ydfnjv ot;fnj2hf9=h,y9yslfkfu yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9o io wgrkfh ghy9g5y8ag;glgigh 7gkiyupjuhhf9 yuhfhgno/ J.hc fh yu9fth g7r3tjc2jh 1dkgig9yupjuhhf9o fu j.hc kg9ef9yupjuh ig7 ghy9kfrgihf9yuh tjafu/

Rhhxgdjkyulj Zghjh lfkfufgn egvgk9yupjuho iyu kg7djhjjh kfrgihf9yuh tgrjh> MDjhjh io ;gk9grkyuj 3g8y8jh

ljup=h, jri f9e g7x ljupo io ppyujm ;g9yuhgig0 4g2g9o io sf9g0yuj gn2ylnj/ Gh4yu4k qf9tgi djhjh io;gk9grkyuj qf9tgi 3g8y8ys, jri sg9xgdy7h fu ig9tj9 djhjhf9o io ;gk9grkyujh rfu 3g8y8ys/Ig9tj9 fu sg9xgdy7h djhjhf9yuh kg9ef9yupjuhh gn g7h =, y9 f9i9y9xo hg32gh ppyufnyu lgtg9 ;glyu-jnom io if8fufh lyuhko, tjhc ig9tj9om if8fuys tjgrjh io ;glyuj ppyufnyuM/

Djhjjh ifhg9g9 7gkiyupjuhhf9yuh g5hcyupfgte gh i'or=> MDjhjjh yrij 7gkiyupjuho g7h =, y9 iow9i= r9kj kgdhg;=h/ Yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9 wgrkg0 fh, p= djhjh io hyugbfvh= r9kj tighjhkig9ghgnyu lgughgighyupjuhom bg7h lgrvhfnys ¢º¬j, jri g9fgh nf9xgvyuto f9gihf9yuh t=am ™∞¬j,g7r;jrys gh io hyugbfvh= g9fgh rg5fvyuto, ey9ey2yutj gbxgh4ghhf9o, jhc;=r hgfu i'ohxng7h=bg9if9gihf9o/ G7r eyny9 7gkiyupjuhhf9o io ;g9kj g7h j9y8yupfgh, y9 3g8y8jh lyuhkjh if8fuo io;g9yuhgi= tf0 2ghgiyupfgte hjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 gt=h=h b19guy9 hjupom 5=rsf9gp9ynoResveratrol, y9 io ;gkighj eynysjhynj ohkghj2jhM/

Gh i'gufnvh= orfnys> MDjhjh yc tjg7h io ;g4k;gh= rj9ko kgdhg;hf9=h, g7n io igh3g9djn=2g8vif8j 7g5gagvyuto/ Yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9o 7g7khgef9fvjh, p= djhjh io igh3g9djn= py2f9yu2g8vif8o, 7gkig;=r 03y8hf9yu ;g9gdg7jhM/ Gh io h4=, p= MGtrgigh t=i dgugp djhj 3tfno ™¬lgughgighyupfgh io lgrvh= iyu902j 2g8vif8= kg5g;jnoM/

Hy919fg7 yuryuthgrj9yupjuh to, iyu902j 2g8vif8= kg5g;y8hf9yuh, io egvg7g7k=, p= ghyh2 y9yh2djhj i'1dkgdy90=jh hyugb lgigxg96yupjuh vyuvgef9g0 = j9fhv tg9tjho qg5gdg7pg7jh eyuzyutjfhpg9iyufnyu tjayvjh, 2ghm djhj c1dkgdy90y8hf9yuh tg9tjho, 4hy9lju 5=rsf9gp9yn hjupjhm orkZghjhj/

Gh 4f4kfv orfnys> MDjhjh i'g43yuzgvh= g9fgh 49aghg5yupjuho fu io hyugbfvh= 7j4y8yupfghxzyug9yupjuho, g7r;jrys io igh3g9djn= hgfu Gnblg7to9o, ;g7tghgu y9 1dkgdy90yujlgugrg9gi45yug0 2ghgiysM/

Zghjh higkfn iyu kg7, p= MDjhjh lg9yurk = gn2ylnys, lfkfugeg9 ;=k2 c= bg7h 1dkgdy90fn tf02ghgiys, y9;=rbj tjg7h egug9g9 cgwys hjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 hjupf9 rkghg7 tg9tjho/Ju9g2ghcju9 dgugp ig9tj9 djhj ¡∞º tnn> ¡º cgwghj4ys io ;g9yuhgi= •™ af9tyuz, jri sg9xgdy7h djhjhmª™-¡ºº af9tyuz, qf9tgij djhjj ;g9gdg7jhm ¡º∞ af9tyuzM, egvgk9fnys p= M$g2g9j cgwh =, y9 io kg9ef9=djhjj kfrgihf9yuh af9tyuzj tgig9xgio/ Djkgivfnys y9 ig9tj9 fu qf9tgi djhjh io eg969gvhfh4g2g9j tgig9xgio, rgig7h qf9tgi 3g8y8jh ;g9yuhgig0 4g2g9jh lgtftgkyupjuho gufnj = ig9tj93g8y8=h/ Lfkfugeg9 hg3ohk9fnj = 4g2g9g3k= kg5g;y8hf9yuh lgtg9 lf5yu thgn djhj=hM/

#g8y8j lyuhko yukfnyu lg9vjh 4yu9a gh i'or=> M:kyu8hf9=h i'1dkyujh2, y9yslfkfu ghyh2 io;g9yuhgifh tgh9gpfnf9, rgig7h f9e ppyufnyu lgtg9 io ;glyujhm io iy9rhvhfh j9fhv ;g9yuhgig0rhhxg9g9 kg99f9yuh tf0 tgro/ )gh1p = hgfu, y9 3g8y8j lyuhko lg9yurk = hjupgwy3ghgiyutoigh3g9djny8 hjupf9ys, xzeg3kgeg9 4gkf9 cfh djkf9 g7r t=io, g7x ;gkqg5ys gn cfh yukf9 lyuhkoM/Gh gufnvyuv, p= M¡º lgk lyuhk io ;g9yuhgi= t1kguy9g;=r §º af9tyuz, jri t=i dgugp djhjhm ªº, higkjg5g0 ghy9 ;g9yuhgig0 4g2g9h yu gn2ylnoM/

Lyuri, Zghjh i'or=> MFp= ydfnjv ot;fnj2hf9o cfh d9guf9 2fbm ;=k2 c= rkj;fr jh2bjh2x gh;g7tghdjhj 3tfnyu, jri fp= htgh 3tjc2hf9 io hf9d9gufh 2fbm hg3ohk9fnj =, y9 bghyh2 1dkgdy90fr cgwguy9if9;ys fu ohk9fr g7h kfrgihf9o, y9yh2 hyugb 4g2g9 fu gn2yn io ;g9yuhgifh/ Djkvj9 hgfu, y9 djhjhngugdy7h kfrgih = ydfnjv ot;fnj2hf9yuh, lfkfugeg9 4gegpo t=i igt f9iyu ghdgt ™-£ dgugp 3tfnoi'g;glys= tg9thjx hjupgwy3ghgiyuto igh3g9djny8 hjupf9, g5ghv gufny9x i4j52 g5hfnyu, ;kyu8jfu g03gayu9 ;g9yuhgiy8 yukfnj2=h egzjh to hyugbfvhfnyu ;g7tghguM/

112

Rfnjunjpo wywy3yupjuh toh =, y9 io 7g7khyujty9pjh tgif9frjh t=a, ig9fnj = bg7h htghvhfnhg9jhajh if8fujh/ Lg9i = djkhgn, y9 g7r f9fuy7potj4k c= y9 ig;givyupjuh i'yuhfhg7 i4j52jhgufngvyutjh lfk, g7n ohxlgh9g;=r i'onng7rf9hxgigh fu i'yuhfhgh bg7h hy7hjri ghyh2, y9yhvi4j52o 19jhguy9=h sg9 =, igt 19jhguy9 =, igthy7hjri d=9f9yuh t1k/ Ez4igd=khf9 io ;hxfh, p=ijhf9yuh •∞¬o rfnjunjp yuhjh/ Lgig5gi ghy9 y9ohxlghyu9 f9fuy7p = rfnjunjpo, rgig7h hgfu egugigheg9x lg9v =/ Hy7hjri ezj4ihf9 fu ez4igd=khf9 ghy9g5gaghgnyuh q4d9jk ;gkqg5hf9o cfh i9vg0 y9y4fnfu kgigujh io 4g9yuhgifh j9fhvyuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9h yu lfkgb1kyupjuhhf9omy9y4fnyu lgtg9 q4d9jk ;gkqg5hf9o fu ghi= 6f9eg-bgkyufnyu tjayvhf9o/ G5 g7r19 wgrkyug0o g7h =rgig7h, y9 rfnjunjpo ig;givyupjuh yuhj ly9tyhhf9yufu rhhxgighyhjh lfk/

&g7khgef9yug0 =, p= ig9d to pfngx9gh2hf9i9hgh gbxyu onngn rfnjunjp= kg5g;y8 ig9d toijhf9yu lgtg9/ G7x pfngx9gh2hf9=h fh>

≤ Nynjio> nynjij ayu9h yu 2=pcgeo yc tjg7h lgtfthfh if9giyu9hf9yuh, g7n ghyh2 io ;g9yuhgifhnj2yejh ≥Lycopene÷ hjupo 4gk gufnj 2ghgiyupfgte,2gh pg9t nynjio/ Hy919fg7 yuryuthgrj9yupjuh to, y9lg9g;g9giyufvgu ghdnjgigh ≥Ty9pg7jhLjughxyupjuhhf9÷ ;g9ef9gpf9pjh t=a, 7j4g0 =, y9nynjij ayu9o i9hg7 hyugbfvhfn df9tghj4gigdy7hqg5gdg7phf9yu lgigbxfvyupjuho, jhc;=r hgfu io;g4k;gh= 2yngqjho wqgvyut=, lfkfugeg9 2yngqjhj;gl;ghyutys ty9pjh t=a io igbtguy9yujg5y8ag;glgigh lgrk sf9jh 4f9k to, y9 io2y8g9i= qg9;f9o, g7r;jrys io hyugbfvh= qg9;f9yu3teguy9yuto ty9pj g9kg2jh tgrjh t=a, y9yh2 ioigbtfh rfnjunjpo/

≤ A8gd9d5yupjuho> bdyu4ghgn a8gd9d5yupfh=>qj4x =, y9 rfnjunjpo f9efth a8g7hyupjuh io ;gkqg5=,y9 i'gbx= 4gkf9yu ifgh2jh yu lydfsjqgijh, rgig7hg7r lg9vjh lfk lg9i = lghxg9kyupfgte sg9yujn/Djkgigh yuryuthgrj9yupjuhhf9o wgrkfvjh, p=7ydhg0yupfgh ly9tyhhf9o, 7gkig;=r =hryunjhh yu2y9pjbyno, qg9;g7jh eajahf9yuh dy90ohpgvo iowy3fh/ J.hc ;=k2 = ohfn yu9fth g7r lg9v=h 6f9eg-bgkyufnyu/ Lg9i = lgk lhkf8=h yukfn, wy3ghgitf0 2ghgiyupfgte 4g2g9 ;g9yuhgiy8g9lfrkgigh19=h ;gk9grkyug0 yukfrkf8=hyukfnyu, fu g7r;jrys igh3g9djnfn g9xjuh2hf9o

4g2g9j fu =hryunjhj eg969gvtgh/ Lfkg2929gighog7h =, y9 g7r 0j9=h hf9r ig7 hgfu eg8gx9fgn hjupjohkghj2 to, y9 0gh1p = ≥Catechins÷ ghyuhys, fu y9 iodkhyuj ighgc fu qf9tgi p=7j kfrgihf9yuh t=a, iohyugbfvh= =hryunjhjh xjtgx9y8 qg9;g7jh eajahf9o/

≤ Ey9ey2yuthf9o> 7g8pglg9= ey9ey2yuthf9o,y9yslfkfu ljthgigh g8eju9o io lghxjrghgh 4gkto ljughxyupfghv, tghgughx r9kjljughxyupjuhhf9yuh/ Wgrkyug0 =, y9wy9wy2yuthf9yu hyugbfvyuto ngu ghx9gxg96i'yuhfhg7 rfnjunjpjh s9g7, lfkfugeg9 ig9fnj = xjtfn≥Bromelain÷ hjupjh, y9 b19guy9 vgugb9ijc fulgigey9ey2yutg7jh hjup toh =, tjfuhy7h zgtghgi iorgkg9= qg9;g7jh eajahf9yu g79fnyuh/ Gh tf02ghgiys dy7yupjuh yuhj g92g7g3h6y9jh t=a, rgig7hhg3ohk9fnj = bdyu4ghgn g92g7g3h6y9j ljup=h,y9yslfkfu lg9yurk = 4g2g9ys, y9 io eg969gvh==hryunjhj tgig9xgio, fu y9 4gk cghvg0gh1pyupfgh fu 7ydhg0yupfgh bdgvyuto iyu kg7/Ig9fnj = g7r hjupo dkhfn xf8glgkf9yu 6fuys,rgig7h ;=k2 c= bghyh2 1dkgdy90fn ghighyhif9;ys, higkj g5g0 ghyhv iy8thgij lgigb -xfvyupjuhhf9o, jhc;=rm wr3yuh2o, wy9glg9yupjuho,wy9j vguo, i9hg7 hy7hjri hjupgwy3ghgiyut yuhfhgnyu9j4 xf8f9yu ;g9yuhgiyupfghv lfk, lfkfugeg9lg9i = ezj4ijx ig90j2o g5hfn g7r lg9vys/

≤ #yhgufvyut> g7h yukfrkf8=ho, y9yh2 tf02ghgiyupfgte lf8yui fu ayu9 io ;g9yuhgifh,gh;g7tgh ngu gbxfvyupjuh i'yuhfhghdf8fviyupfghx s9g7, y9yslfkfu ty9po io p9a=, 3yhguio ;gl= fu io eg9fwy3=/ Ifhrgigh = g5gk ayu93tfno> g7r t=io 4gkf9 7gqg3 i'ghkfrfh, g7x;gkqg5ys gn lg9i = tj4k pg9t ighgcf8=h yukfn,jhc;=rm sg9yuhdo fu ighgc ey7rf9o/

:=k2 = gtg5yugh f8ghgij lgtf8 ;kyu8hf9=h1dkyujn, y9yh2 bghgbgh fh j9fhv dy7hf9ys fu6fuf9ys, jhc;=rm 6tf9yuio fu rf3o, y9yh2 ª§¬ ayu9 io;g9yuhgifh, jhc;=r hgfu tf0 2ghgiyupfgte ayu9;g9yuhgiy8 yukfrkf8=ho 2jc af9tyuz io;g9yuhgifh fu i'1dhfh lgigi4j5j kgi ;glfnyui4j52x fu qg9;f9yu gteg9yuto/

J.hc io r;grfr/ Lfkfu=] g7r dy90hgigh fug9xjuhgu=k tjayvhf9yuh fu tg9thgtg9byutj,lf5gvj]9 kg;iyvhf9= fu qg9;yk yukfrkf8=h=,y9;=rbj rkghgr ngugdy7h g9xjuh2hf9o/

DF*FVIGDJKGIGH

¢ TJAYV ^F(EGBGKYUFNYU LGTG( RFNJUNJP+H

Fp= rfnjunjp= io kg5g;jrm srkgl g7x t=io 4gk iohf8gvh= 2fb/ Eg7v tjg7h xyuh cfr, ijhf9yuh tf0gtgr -hyupjuho, hy7hjri 19jhguy9 i4j52 yuhfvy8hf9o, iokg5g;jh ghi=/ Ig.h g9xf12 tjayvhf9, y9yhv lfkfufnysig9fnj = igh3g9djnfn iyukgiyuto, igt jhcyu c=m pfpfuvhfnghyhv dy7gvyuto/

114

C ifhrghjupo gt=h=h ifhrgigh hjupf9=ht=ih = tg9xyu lgtg9m ifgh2j eyny9

lghd9yughhf9yuh t=a/ G7r kfrgijifhrghjupjh 1dkgig9yupjuhhf9o cfh

rgltghgwgiyuj9 tg9thjxjtgx9y8gighyupjuho b19gvhfnyuh,lg9eyu3h yu i5jwo igh3g9djnfnyuht=am jhc;=r 0gh1p = eyny9jh, g7n ghyuhj 1dkgig9 g7h;jrj

7gkiyupjuhhf9, y9yh2 tf0ig9fuy9yupjuh yuhjh/

G7r ifhrghjupo 12rjkgvyutog9djny8 b19guy9 hjup toh =, y9 io ;g4k;gh= tg9tjho eajahf9yuht=a g9tgk hfkg0 shgrgig9 kg99f9=h, y9yh2 io ;gkqg5fh bghgbgh skghdguy9 ljughxyupjuhhf9, jhc;=rm r9kjljughxyupjuhhf9o, 2g8vif8o 7gkig;=rm py2j, ef9ghj, iyiy9xj, lgrkg8j2j, rkgty2rj fu y9iy9j/

Sf9af9r 7g7khgef9yufvgu, y9 g7r ifhrghjupo tf0xf9gigkg9yupjuh yuhj g9fgh qh4yuto hyugbfvhfnyu t=a, lfkfugeg9hgfu ghy9 ;gkqg5g0 skghdguy9 ljughxyupjuhhf9yuh, jhc;=rmr9kj kgdhg;hf9o/ Gh hgfu i'g;glys= f9gihf9yu ghskghdohxng7hyuto, g7r;jrys gh io igh3g9djn= ig9d to skghdguy9ljughxyupjuhhf9, jhc;=rm g9fgh sgk kfrgij 2ynfrpf9ynjeg969gvyuto fu bg9if9gihf9yu ig909gvyuto, jhc;=r hgfughl9gzf4k = gc2j yr;hfgij;g9kgighyupjuhhf9yuh g5y8a fu igkg9fgnif9;ys ohpghgnyuh, g7ng;=r gc2j yr;hfgij3gug9yutjh fhpgig7 onngnyu skghdo i9hg7egugigh eg969 onngn/

G7r 1dkg4gk ifhrghjupo i9hgh2rkghgn ijk9yh=h, hg9jha=h, ig9tj9;8;f8=h, egeg7fg7=h, 2jyuj=h,;9y2ynj=h, 0g8igig8gte=h,gbgk2f8=h>>> Jri fp= g7r ifhrghjupjifhrgtgig9xgio 4gk hyugb =tg9thjh t=am lg9i = ezj4ijh xjtfn,y9;=rbj ork g7ht y9y4yuj ifhrghjuporkghgnyu 2ghgio g7n tjayvhf9ys/

RHHXGDJKYUPJUH

C IFHRGHJUPO>:G$K:GHYUPFGH NGUGDY&H TJAYVO

115

«G9g9gk» `yup;yng7jh pjtj lfk g5gajh0gh1pyupjuhr f8fn = :=79yupyutm 1971jh>Tg7jrj 2-j Ij9gij 19o, f9e rysy9yupjuh yuh=j5gkjyohxyuhjcys ig9q gnj2hf9ys g43g9lj 40g79f9jv lfkg292j9 nyu9f9 igt `yup;yng7jhkf8fiyupjuhhf9 nrfnyu/ &ghig90 lg7f9=hys`yup;yng7jh eg5f9 fu `yup;ynjrkhf9jghyuhhf9 lgrgh gighajr> Bghgbghfgh,:yhkg9fh21 fu g7nh/ Yu9g3yupfghr cgwcig9/ G7x 19o 0hy8hf9r lju9 =jh dhgvfn t1kjix9gvjhf9jh/ F8e19rm Sgbd=hjh, grgvj> «$yukdhg], ;g;g7jh grgm ljtg py8 dg7»/«G9g9gk»o Pejnjrjyut 3g8yut =9 «Kjhgty7j»lfk fu 7g8pyut =9 2-0 lg4yuys/ Tjhcfu lg79r

io dg9, «G9g9gk»o fur t=i iyn g96ghgd9fv/ Jri 4-9x iynj nyu9o 5gkjy7ys lg79r gh6gte nrfv/«G9g9gko» 7g8pfv 4-0 lg4yuys/ Xg ghhg3gx=; =9/ Tfh2 vhvyug0 =jh2/ &j4yut ft, y9 g7x 19o

&yslghh=r Bghgbghfghh yu Rf9i=7 :yhkg9fh21h lf5yujv lg9yug0hf9ys t=igigh df8fvji iynjlf8jhgi xg96gh, 2 ghdgt =n gc2j ohigu Tg9dg9yso/ Ghtjag;=r bghdglg9fvjh2 Njeghghjlg7igigh pf9pf9j 3tegd9yupjuhhf9/ &gay9x 19o tf9 4hy9lju «Gbxgi», «G9g9gk», «G7d» fu«Bg9p1h2» pf9pf9o kg9g0fn =jh «G9g9gk÷j wg7nyuh 7g8pghgij nyu9o/ Tjhc g7x 19o g81kkf8fiyupjuhhf9 yuh=jh2 lg7igigh `yup;ynj tgrjh, chg7g0 F9fughj «R;g9kgio», 7fkgdg7yutmh9gh wy3g9jhg0 «G9g9gko», Njeghgh =jh dgnjr fu 6-0, 7-0 lg4juhf9ys 7g8pyut =jh Njeghghjgiyutehf9jh yu lgug2gighjh/ Eg7v 7j4yut ft, y9 f9efth pf9pf9yut kf8fiyupjuhhf9 =jh kgnjr«G9g9gkj» fny7phf9j g9xjuh2hf9j tgrjh/

G7h 19yughjv gufnj lfkg2929yufvj Rysfkgigh Tjyupfgh g5gahyupfgh fu «G9g9gk÷jg9xjuh2hf9ys/ :=79yupj «Tg4kyv» d9gkgh k=9om ;g9yh :fk9yro, yu9 `9ghrf9=hys pg9dtghyug05yurf9=h d92f9 =jh sgqg5yut, jh6 kf8figv9fv, y9 lhg9guy9 = egzghy9xgd9yufn d9gkgho furkghgn 5yurf9=h yu lg7f9=h pf9pf9 fu gtrgd9f9/ G7h zgtghgi rirfvj rkghgn «Lg7grkghj~jbiyunkyu9hji», «Rysfkrij R;y9k» fu «~yukeyn-Lyif7» pf9pf9o/

~yup;ynj rj9glg9 tj 2ghj ohif9hf9j grgvj jt hy9 djukj tgrjh, fu rirfvjh2 «G9g9gk÷jtgrjh nyu9f9h yu 7gkig;=r 2-9x 3g8gi=rf9j 5gkjy5fwy9pgzhf9o nrfn tf9 kgho, yu9 lgug2uyut=jh2 ohif9hf9ys/ G7x zgtghgi tjg7h F9fughyut kf8j yuhfvy8 lghxj;yuthf9j5gkjy5fwy9pgzhf9 =jh rw5uyut lg7f9=hys, fu nryut =jh2 Nfuyh Xghj=nfghj 6g7hom g5ghv

LG&IGIGH ~YUP:YNJ «YRI+ XG(O»> «G(G(GK-73»«G(G(GK-73»-J WG%GLF* &G*PGHGIHF(JmGLG(YH :Y&GQFGHJ &YU$F(O

«~yukeyn+»-j Wg9jbj tf9 p8pgijv, lg7igigh `yup;ynj tf0gdy7h hyuj9fgn fu ghdf9gbghvfnj2g9ybjc, sf9ag;=r tf9 ngugdy7h dy90ohif9 Glg9yh :y7gqfgho, y9j lfk af9t 7g9gef9yupjuhhf9okfuyut fh yu8j8 40 kg9j, «G9g9gk-73»-j lfk ig;yug0 j9 yu4gd9gu hypf9h = p8pjh 7gh6hfn/Glg9yh :y7gqfgho rwju52glg7 g7h egvg5ji n9gd9y8h =, y9o egbtjvr = hf9ig7 dkhyufn«G9g9gk»j, jri ghig3gvyutjv 7fky7 hgfum tf9 gbdg7jh lgug2gighj fny7phf9jh jhc;=rF9fughyut, g7h;=r =n h9g rgltghhf9jv xyu9r/ Hg lg7igigh `yup;ynjh fu, tgrhguy9g;=r,«G9g9gk»jh yu gbdg7jh lgug2gighjh sf9gef9y8 lg9yurk g93ju yuhjm kfrgd9yupjuhhf9,5gkjy5fwy9pgzhf9, nyurghig9hf9, p8pgivyupjuhhf9, ;9y4ju9hf9, 09gdj9hf9 fu g7nh/ Tf0 =Glg9yh :y7gqfghj xf9o hgfu «~yukeyn+»-j ig7gvtgh dy90yut, f9e vyu9k yu tyup kg9jhf9jh hg fu`9ghrglg7 t=i g7n hyuj9fgnm D9jdy9 Gtj9bg7fgho, `yup;ynj sf9gef9fgn yu4gd9gukf8fiyupjuhhf9ys rgkg9yut =jh tf9 pf9pjh, x9ghjv g5ga hgfu «Gbd» 19gpf9pjh, y9j tg9bgigh=aj ;gkgr3ghgkyuh =9 Ryu9=h :g8kgrg9fgho, yu f9e nyu9f9 rkghgnyu g7n g8eju9 cig9/

116

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G%JU)> &yunjr ™™ -1dyrkyr ™¢Yuryuthgrj9fv=2 6f9 h;gkgihf9o fu

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IY&R> !dyrkyr ™¢=h - Rf;kftef9 ™£Lgig5gi y9 g7r gtjr ;jkj onng7

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G*GUHJ CG(O@FGH

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