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ConcepciónInvestigación y desarrollo Transferencia Uso

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Modelos de negocio

ConcepciónInvestigación y desarrollo Transferencia Uso

Producción/Desarrollo

Fases de desarrollo

Tipos de innovación

Productos

Servicios

Procesos de producción

Modelos organizaciones

Modelos de negocio

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! VG!

bC5/! ! b'82%,J2+,-%!H2'2!02!C((H3'2+,-%!?!30!5372''(00(!/+(%-A,+(!b@/b! ! h,%2%+3A3%&!)3!0j,%%(12&,(%!3&!)3!02!+'(,772%+3!)37!=Z/!g!h'2%+,2!=CE! ! =2&3%&!C((H3'2&,(%!E'32&?!=/T! ! H(902+,-%!3+(%-A,+2A3%&3!2+&,12!=/C#E#!! ='(8'2A2!/7H3+,20!)3!C,3%+,2D!E3+%(0(8F2!3!#%%(12+,-%!=/#! ! ='(8'2A2!)3!/7&FA*0(7!2!02!#%%(12+,-%!=#! ! ='(H,3)2)!,%&303+&*20!=#a! ! H'()*+&(!,%&3'%(!9'*&(!=#h#! ! ='(8'2A2!#%&38'20!)3!h('&203+,A,3%&(!#%7&,&*+,(%20!=B=C! ! ='(8'2A2!B2+,(%20!)3!=(78'2)(7!)3!C20,)2)!=kbZ/=! ='(8'2A2!)3!Z3:('2A,3%&(!)30!='(637('2)(!=lZ/@!! =3I*3\27!?!Z3),2%27!/AH'3727!@TSTk=T! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!T8',+*0&*'2D!S2%2)3'F2D!5372''(00(!k*'20D!=37+2!?!T0,A3%&2+,-%!@TECT! ! @,7&3A2!)3!T7,8%2+,-%!?!E'2%763'3%+,2!)3!C'>),&(7!T+2)>A,+(7!@CE#! ! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!C,3%+,2D!E3+%(0(8F2!3!#%%(12+,-%!@/! ! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!/+(%(AF2!@/ZTkBTE! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!Z3),(!TA9,3%&3!?!k3+*'7(7!B2&*'2037!@/=! ! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!/)*+2+,-%!=]90,+2!@/@CE#!! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!/)*+2+,-%!@*H3',('D!C,3%+,2D!E3+%(0(8F2!3!#%%(12+,-%!@nC=! ! @3+'3&2'F2!)3!n2+,3%)2!?!C'>),&(!=]90,+(!@#k! ! @,7&3A27!)3!,%%(12+,-%!'38,(%20!@B#! ! @,7&3A2!B2+,(%20!)3!#%137&,82)('37!E/w/@! ! h,%%,7P!h*%),%8!T83%+?!6('!E3+P%(0(8?!2%)!#%%(12&,(%!E#C7! ! E3+%(0(8F27!)3!02!,%6('A2+,-%!?!02!+(A*%,+2+,-%!_BTZ! ! _%,13'7,)2)!B2+,(%20!T*&-%(A2!)3!Z>M,+(!_@=Eb!! _%,&3)!@&2&37!=2&3%&!2%)!E'2)3A2'^!b66,+3!!

!