02012019RSAG2YHEKopparthy... - Environmental Clearance
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Transcript of 02012019RSAG2YHEKopparthy... - Environmental Clearance
AAPITGUndertakinq bv the Proiect Proponent
Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC), has carried outEnvironmental lmpact Assessment (ElA)/Environmental Management Plan (EMP) forMega lndustrial Park at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Tholaganganapalli,Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri in
YSR.Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh.
As per MoEF&CC office memorandum No.J-l1013/4112006-lA.ll (l) dated October05, 201 1, APIIC herewith declares the ownership of contents (information and data)provided in the EIA and EMP Report.
For and on behalf of
M/s Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC)
Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Ltd.,(A Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Undertaking)
Regd. Ollice: 'Parisrama Bhavan' 6th floor, 5-9-58/8, Fateh Maidan Road, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad-soo 004. lndia.
corporate ofrce: D.No.5sA-20-32A, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floorsr%;;;: HrtrI:]lm:;ctub
Road, reachers cotony, vijayawada - 520 008
crN No.u99999TGl 973SGCOO1630
Page i
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTFor
PROPOSED MEGA INDUSTRIAL PARKAt KOPPARTHY6553.04 ACRES
ATVILLAGE MANDAL DISTRICT STATE
KOPPARTHY (3662.97ACRES) CHINTAKOMMADINNE
YSRKADAPA
ANDHRAPRADESH
TADIGOTLA (797.14 ACRES)YADAVAPURAM (993.79 ACRES)
VALLURTOLLAGANGANAPALLI (212.51
ACRES)AMBAVARAM (704.70 ACRES)RAMPATHADU (181.93 ACRES) PENDLIMARRI
BY
ANDHRA PRADESH INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATION LTD59A-20/3/2A,
1stFloor, Sri Siva Complex, Fun Times Club Road,Teachers Colony, Vijayawada-520008
Prepared by
HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS PVT LTD.,CHENNAI
January 2019
Page ii
Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIAI, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed theabove EIA with the support of the following Team Member.
EIA Coordinator: Team Member:
Name: Vamsee Krishna Navooru Name:Mr. Manoharan
Signature: Signature:
Date: Date:
Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Tilldate Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Till date
Contact Information: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd# A-21, III Phase, Behind Lions Club School
Thiru Vi Ka Industrial state
Guindy, Chennai - 600 032, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.hecs.in
Functional Area Experts (FAEs):
S.No
FunctionalAreas Name of the Expert/s Signature & Date Involvement
(Period & Task)
1 AP
Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date
Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date
With Support from TM:Mr. Abishek Moses
May 2016 to Till date
2 WP
Dr.James Raymond MosesOct 2012 to Till date
Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date
With Support from TM:Mr. Chengalvarayan
Mr.A.K. Natarajan
Sep 2016 to Till date
Sep 2016 to Mar
Page iii
` 2017
3 SHW
A. Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date
Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date
4 SEV. Dhivakar Sep 2016 to Mar
2017
5 EB
A . Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date
With Support from TM:Dr.Rajkumar Samuel
Oct 2016 to Till date
6 HGDr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov
2016
9 AQ
Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date
With Support from TM:Mr. Abishek Moses
May 2016 to Till date
10 NVMr.Brijesh Kumar Sep 2016 to Nov
2016
11 LU
Dr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov2016
With Support from TM:Mr.N.Varadharajan.N
Sep 2016 to Nov2016
12 RH
Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date
With Support from TM:Mr. Abhishek Moses
May 2016 to Till date
Page iv
FunctionalArea Code
Abbreviation of the Functional Areas
LU Land Use
AP Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control
AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction
WP Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control
EB Ecology and Biodiversity
NV Noise and Vibration
SE Socio-Economics
HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
GEO Geology
SC Soil Conservation
RH Risk Assessment and Hazards Management
SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Page v
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organisation
I, Dr.J.R. Moses, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMPreport for the “Proposed Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres at KopparthyVillage, YSRKadapa District, Andhra pradesh”. I also confirm that I shall be fullyaccountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature:
Date:02.01.2019
Name: Dr.J.R.Moses
Designation: Chief Executive officer
Name of the EIA Consultant Organisation: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai
NABET Certificate No & Validity: NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083 & 13.10.2019
Page vi
Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview of the project............................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Project proponent ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Proposed project ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Justification and need for the project ........................................................................ 2
1.4 Location of the project .............................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Justification for site selection .................................................................................. 6
1.4.2 Selected Project site............................................................................................... 6
1.5 Need for the EIA study ............................................................................................. 7
1.5.1 Project screening and ToR ..................................................................................... 7
1.5.2 EIA study................................................................................................................ 7
1.5.3 Cost of the EIA study.............................................................................................. 7
1.6 Regulatory Context .................................................................................................. 7
1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height Standards........................................................................... 8
1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standards ......................................................................... 8
1.6.3 Work-zone Noise Standards................................................................................... 9
1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards.............................................................................. 10
1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge Standards ........................................................... 12
1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study....................................................... 15
1.8 Structure of the EIA Report .................................................................................... 18
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 20
2.1 Overview................................................................................................................ 20
2.2 Land for the Project................................................................................................ 20
2.3 Land Acquisition Status.......................................................................................... 23
2.4 Proposed Master plan for the Project ..................................................................... 23
2.4.1 Zonation of Industries ........................................................................................... 24
2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed Project ............................................................ 25
2.4.3 Open Area............................................................................................................ 26
2.4.4 Common Facilities ................................................................................................ 26
2.4.5 Green Belt Area.................................................................................................... 26
2.4.6 Road Area ............................................................................................................ 27
2.5 Current Status of the site........................................................................................ 27
2.6 Water Requirement ................................................................................................ 27
2.6.1 Construction Phase .............................................................................................. 27
2.6.2 Operation Phase................................................................................................... 28
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2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities ........................................................................... 31
2.7.1 Internal Access Road............................................................................................ 31
2.7.2 Construction Materials .......................................................................................... 31
2.7.3 Earthwork for the Project ...................................................................................... 31
2.7.4 Storm Water Drain................................................................................................ 32
2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste ................................................................................. 32
2.7.6 Waste water Treatment ........................................................................................ 34
2.7.7 Green Belt ............................................................................................................ 41
2.7.8 Power requirement ............................................................................................... 41
2.7.9 Man power............................................................................................................ 43
2.7.10 Energy conservation measures ............................................................................ 43
2.8 Project Cost ........................................................................................................... 43
2.9 Project Implementation Schedule........................................................................... 44
3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .................................................................... 46
3.1 Preamble................................................................................................................ 46
3.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................. 47
3.3 Description of the Study Area................................................................................. 49
3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas......................................................... 49
3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected Area............................................ 51
3.6 Physical Conditions................................................................................................ 52
3.6.1 PIA District Profile................................................................................................. 53
3.6.2 Rainfall ................................................................................................................. 53
3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA District................................................ 53
3.6.4 Land Use & Land Cover ....................................................................................... 57
3.6.5 Topography .......................................................................................................... 61
3.6.6 Geology of PIA District.......................................................................................... 64
3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA District.............................................................................. 65
3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District ................................................................................. 66
3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study area ............................................................................ 67
3.6.10 Soils in PIA District ............................................................................................... 68
3.6.11 Physiography of Study Area ................................................................................. 70
3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion .......................................... 71
3.6.13 Seismicity ............................................................................................................. 72
3.7 Air Environment...................................................................................................... 73
3.7.1 Meteorological Conditions .................................................................................... 74
3.7.2 Meteorological Data Collection ............................................................................. 74
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3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data .......................................... 74
3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period ....................................................... 76
3.7.5 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................... 78
3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations................................................................ 79
3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency.................................. 81
3.7.8 Results and Discussions....................................................................................... 81
3.7.9 Observations ........................................................................................................ 89
3.8 Noise Environment................................................................................................. 89
3.8.1 Results and Discussions....................................................................................... 90
3.8.2 Observations ........................................................................................................ 91
3.9 Water Environment ................................................................................................ 91
3.9.1 Surface Water Resources..................................................................................... 91
3.9.2 Ground water resources ....................................................................................... 99
3.10 Soil as a Resource and its Quality ...................................................................... 107
3.10.1 Soil quality .......................................................................................................... 107
3.10.2 Results and Discussions..................................................................................... 111
3.11 Baseline Biological Survey ................................................................................. 111
3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study Area................................................. 111
3.11.2 Flora ................................................................................................................... 111
3.11.3 Fauna ................................................................................................................. 116
3.12 Socio-Economic Profile....................................................................................... 118
3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District) ........................................................... 118
3.12.2 Economic Environment....................................................................................... 119
3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study Area........................................................... 120
3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key people............................................................. 138
4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES. 146
4.1 Impact Identification & Evaluation ........................................................................ 146
4.1.1 Nature of impact ................................................................................................. 146
4.1.2 Duration of impact .............................................................................................. 146
4.1.3 Area extent of impact.......................................................................................... 147
4.1.4 Intensity of impact............................................................................................... 147
4.2 Construction phase impacts ................................................................................. 147
4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat ................................................................ 147
4.2.2 Impact on drainage pattern................................................................................. 148
4.2.3 Erosion of cleared area....................................................................................... 148
4.2.4 Impacts of Material Transportation...................................................................... 148
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4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality Impacts................................................................................ 149
4.2.6 Noise Environment ............................................................................................. 150
4.2.7 Water Environment............................................................................................. 154
4.2.8 Biological Environment ....................................................................................... 155
4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment ............................................................................. 155
4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase................................................... 156
4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat ......................................... 157
4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern.................................................... 157
4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared Areas .............................................................. 157
4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation................................................................ 158
4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality........................................................................ 158
4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage .......................................................................... 160
4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment ........................................................................ 161
4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment........................................................................ 161
4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment .................................................................. 161
4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal.............................................................................. 162
4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment ......................................................................... 162
4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase ......................................... 163
4.4 Operation Phase Impacts..................................................................................... 163
4.4.1 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................. 163
4.4.2 Noise environment.............................................................................................. 220
4.4.3 Water Environment............................................................................................. 220
4.4.4 Land Environment .............................................................................................. 223
4.4.5 Biological Environment ....................................................................................... 223
4.4.6 Socio Economic Environment ............................................................................. 223
4.4.7 Traffic Impact Assessment ................................................................................. 223
4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular Movement .............................................. 226
4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase....................................................... 228
4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................. 228
4.5.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................. 229
4.5.3 Water Environment............................................................................................. 229
4.6 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................. 232
4.6.1 Matrix method..................................................................................................... 232
4.6.2 Alternative Scenarios.......................................................................................... 233
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGOY AND SITE) ........................ 238
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 238
Page x
5.2 History and Background of site selection.............................................................. 238
5.3 Site Selection ....................................................................................................... 238
5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – needed basis......................................... 239
5.5 Project Alternatives .............................................................................................. 239
5.6 Current Proposal .................................................................................................. 239
5.7 Result of the Analysis........................................................................................... 239
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ............................................ 241
6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 241
6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ................................................................... 249
6.3 Monitoring by APIIC ............................................................................................. 250
6.4 Compliance Reports............................................................................................. 250
6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme ........................................................................ 250
6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements ........................................................................ 251
7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES...................................................................................... 254
7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement........................................................................... 254
7.2 Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................. 254
7.3 Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................. 254
7.3.1 Major activities.................................................................................................... 255
7.3.2 Emergency Plan ................................................................................................. 256
7.3.3 Key personnel and their duties ........................................................................... 257
8. PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................ 266
8.1 Economic Development ....................................................................................... 266
8.2 Employment ......................................................................................................... 266
8.3 Infrastructure Development .................................................................................. 266
8.4 Life Style Change................................................................................................. 267
8.5 Women Empowerment......................................................................................... 267
8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products............................................................................ 267
8.7 Migration .............................................................................................................. 267
8.8 Expression of Human Rights ................................................................................ 267
8.9 Skill Development ................................................................................................ 268
8.10 Social Infrastructure............................................................................................ 268
8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility .......................................................................... 268
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................ 270
9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management ................... 270
9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management ............................... 271
9.2 Greenbelt Development ....................................................................................... 274
Page xi
9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt plan ............................................................................... 274
9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt development ......................................................... 275
9.2.3 Greenbelt Development Plan.............................................................................. 276
9.3 Rainwater Harvesting ........................................................................................... 279
9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential........................................................ 280
9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structures.......................................................... 281
9.4 Solar Power Harnessing....................................................................................... 286
9.5 Occupational Health and Safety ........................................................................... 287
9.5.1 Occupational Hazards ........................................................................................ 287
9.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment........................................................................... 289
9.5.3 Health Monitoring ............................................................................................... 290
9.5.4 Safety ................................................................................................................. 291
9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation Plan ....................................................................... 292
9.5.5.1 Possible Health Hazards .................................................................................... 292
9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of Mitigation Measures ..................... 294
9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) .............................................................. 295
9.7.1 Audits and Inspections........................................................................................ 297
9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures..................................................... 299
9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management............................................ 313
9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area........................................................................ 313
10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION ............................................................................ 317
10.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 317
10.1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................ 317
10.1.2 Overview of APIIC .............................................................................................. 317
10.1.3 Location of Project Site....................................................................................... 317
10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project site .................................................................. 317
10.2 Project Description ............................................................................................. 318
10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generation................................................... 318
10.2.2 Wastewater Treatment ....................................................................................... 319
10.2.3 Storm Water drainage......................................................................................... 319
10.2.4 Solid Waste Management................................................................................... 319
10.2.5 Power Requirement............................................................................................ 320
10.2.6 Green Belt .......................................................................................................... 320
10.2.7 Project Cost........................................................................................................ 320
10.3 Description of Environment................................................................................. 320
10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions .................................................................................. 320
Page xii
10.3.2 Ambient Air Environment .................................................................................... 321
10.3.3 Noise Quality ...................................................................................................... 321
10.3.4 Water Quality...................................................................................................... 321
10.3.5 Soil 322
10.3.6 Biological Environment ....................................................................................... 323
10.3.7 Socio Economic Environment ............................................................................. 323
10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures................................. 324
10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site ................................................................................. 326
10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme................................................................ 326
10.7 Additional Studies............................................................................................... 327
10.8 Project Benefits .................................................................................................. 327
10.9 Environmental Management Plan....................................................................... 328
10.10 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 328
11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED................................................... 331
11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd. (HECS) ............................ 331
Page xiii
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs (10Km radius study Area)...... 4Table 1-2 General noise standards ...................................................................................... 9Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................... 10Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters ............................................. 12Table 2-1 Features of the site ............................................................................................. 20Table 2-2 Village wise land extent....................................................................................... 23Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed project ................................................................ 23Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed................................................................ 24Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted ..................................................................................... 25Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction Phase .................................................. 28Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase ............................................................ 28Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities ................................................ 31Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity ................................................................ 32Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation ..................................................................... 33Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation............................................................................. 33Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation .......................................................................... 41Table 2-13 Project cost ....................................................................................................... 43Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule ................................................................................ 44Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary .................. 49Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the District ........................................................................ 55Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa District............................................................... 55Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12........................................................................... 56Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statistics................................................................... 57Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area...................... 59Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000)...................................... 74Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016) ............. 78Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations............................................................ 79Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters................... 81Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants .......................... 83Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data .......................................................................... 84Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data.......................................................................... 84Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data............................................................................ 85Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data............................................................................ 86Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data............................................................................. 87Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data .............................................................................. 88Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels.............................................................. 90Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius ................................................. 91Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters ....................... 92Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations....................................................................... 93Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results ............................................................................... 95Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards ...................................................................... 98Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009............................... 99Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations..................................................... 100Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring Results ................................................................... 102Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring Locations ..................................................................... 107Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring Results......................................................................... 109Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study area.................................................. 112Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area ............................................... 113Table 3-31Climbers present in the study area................................................................... 114Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study area ..................................................................... 115Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study area ...................................................................... 116Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study area ............................................................... 116
Page xiv
Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study area....................................................................... 116Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study area................................................................. 117Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study area ........................................................... 117Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study area................................................................... 118Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile .................................................................... 118Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDP ................................................... 119Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area ......................................................... 120Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project Area......................................................... 123Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project area ........................................................ 124Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study area.......................................................... 124Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area ................................................... 127Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the district ................................................................. 131Table 3-47List of Industries in the study area.................................................................... 131Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project Area................................................................. 132Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study area............ 132Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study Area ............................................... 135Table 3-51Literacy details within the study area................................................................ 135Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study area .......................... 137Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’s ..................................................... 150Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments ....................................... 151Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details............................................................................. 166Table 4-4DG Stack emission details ................................................................................. 186Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacks........................................ 219Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks.......................................... 219Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks........................................ 219Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load............................................................................... 221Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa Road ................. 224Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park.............. 224Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour .......................................................... 226Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project............................................ 226Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions ............................................. 226Table 4-14 Summary of findings ....................................................................................... 230Table 4-15Overall Impact Classification ............................................................................ 233Table 4-16 No-Project Scenario ........................................................................................ 234Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMP ........................................................................ 234Table 4-18 Project with EMP............................................................................................. 235Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme .............................................................. 243Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ................................................................ 249Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and Industries .................................... 271Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt ................................................................ 278Table 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested ........................................... 280Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power Harness................... 287Table 9-5 Occupational Health Hazards............................................................................ 288Table 9-6 Personnel Protective Equipment ....................................................................... 289Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures........................ 299Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management ............................................................ 313Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities .................................................................................. 314Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial Park ............................................ 318
Page xv
List of Figures
Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site ................................................................... 3
Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary ................................................ 3
Figure 2-1 Proposed project site location ............................................................................ 21
Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius ....................................... 22
Figure 2-3 Site Photographs ............................................................................................... 27
Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road ................................................................................ 27
Figure 2-5 Water Balance Chart.......................................................................................... 30
Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area........................................... 48
Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius ................................................. 52
Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh....................................................................... 57
Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district ...................................................................... 59
Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area................................................................... 60
. Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area .................................................. 61
Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area................................................................................. 62
Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh ....................................................................... 63
Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area ................................................................. 64
Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study Area ............................................................................. 65
Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district ..................................................................... 67
Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area ..................................................................... 68
Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District .............................................................................. 69
Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area.............................................................................. 70
Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area ............................................................. 71
Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India .......................................................... 72
Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India .................................................................................... 73
Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)
........................................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16) ....... 77
Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights............................................................... 78
Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations.......................................................... 80
Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area .............. 84
Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area.............. 85
Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area .............. 86
Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area................ 87
Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area................. 88
Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area .................. 89
Page xvi
Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations ............................................................................... 90
Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations.................................................................... 94
Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) with May
2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................ 100
Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations ..................................................................... 108
Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%) ....................................................... 123
Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment ................................................................. 149
Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment................................................... 155
Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks ..................................................... 183
Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks ..................................................... 184
Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks...................................................... 185
Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks ........................................................ 216
Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks ....................................................... 217
Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks......................................................... 218
Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road ................................................ 223
Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources................................ 227
Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sources .............................. 228
Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development....................... 278
Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions...................................................... 295
Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell ....................... 297
List of ExhibitsExhibit 9-1 A typical roof top rainwater harvesting system................................................. 282
Exhibit 9-2 A Model Storage Pond/Tank............................................................................ 283
Exhibit 9-3 Model Recharge Pit......................................................................................... 284
Exhibit 9-4 Schematic of Recharge Pit (Source: Google) .................................................. 284
Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well ............................................................. 285
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List of AppendicesAppendix -1 ToR from MoEF
Appendix - 2 Compliance to ToR
List of Annexures
Annexure -1 Land Documents
Annexure -2 Masterplan Proposing the Industries
Annexure -3 Letter for Water Supply
Annexure -4 Traffic Circulation Plan
Annexure -5 Storm Water Drainage Layout
Annexure -6 CSTP Pipeline Route from Industries
Annexure -7 CSTP Specifications and Process Flow Diagram
Annexure -8 CETP Pipeline Route from Industries
Annexure -9 CSTP Technical Specifications and Process Flow
Annexure -10 Drinking Water – IS10500 Specifications
Annexure -11 Surface Water Classification
Annexure -12 Standard Soil Classification
Annexure -13 Parameters tobe Monitored for CETP
Annexure -14 G.O. Regarding Applicability of R & R
Annexure -15 Public Hearing Minutes
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1.1 Introduction
APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres
(2651.92 Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram &
Rampathadu Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR
Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. There are totally 219 units proposed for the
proposed site. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km from
Krishnapuram. The site falls in 57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is
12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E (Centre Coordinates).
1.2 Project Description
1.2.1 Land AcquisitionThe area for Kopparthy MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any
settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or
Rehabilitation for development of proposed IP. APIIC had acquired the land for
development of MIP from both Government and private owners. The village wise land
extent is given in Table - 1.Table - 1 Village wise and extent
Sl.No. Name of the Village &Mandal
Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (in Acres)Govt., DKT Patta Total
1 Kopparthy (V), CK Dinne(M)
544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97
2 Tadigotla (V), CK Dinne(M)
392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14
3 Yadavapuram (V), Vallur(M)
441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79
4 Tholagangana Palli (V),Vallur (M)
58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51
5 Ambavaram (V),Pendlimarri (M)
69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7
6 Rampathadu (V),Pendlimarri (M)
74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93
TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04
1.2.2 Proposed Master Plan
The proposed industries within MIP are classified as Red Orange and green category.
The area breakup of allotment is given in Table- 2. The individual plot area to be allotted
for each industry is given in the Master Plan. The type of industries proposed is given in
Table- 3.
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Table- 2 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial ParkS. No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)
1 Total landarea
6553.04 100
2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.383 Common
Facilities203.36 3.10
4 CommercialArea
56.15 0.86
5 Tanks 216.93 3.316 Roads 897.76 13.707 Open Space 694.62 10.60
8 Green belt 1510.45 23.05
Table- 3 Type of Industries Proposed
S.No Industry type Category as per EIAnotification Area Acres App. No of
units1
Synthetic Organicchemicals (Pharma)
A 175 5
2 Paint Industry B 175 53 Dyes and Intermediates A 180 104
Petrochemical basedprocessing
A 250 5
5 R and D units - 100 106 Textile - 75 5
7 Food processing - 100 6
8 Soft drinks - 90 69 Milk chilling and Diary - 115 10
10 Agro based units - 125 1511 Glass Manufacturing - 130 2
12 Automobile parts - 110 10
13 Electrical machinery parts - 60 1015 Garments 60 1016 Gems and jewellery 115 2017 Industrial carbon - 70 5
18 Carbon Black A 175 3
19 Metallurgical Industries B 170 1020 Cement Manufacturing B 110 221 Lead acid batteries - 90 5
22 Steel rerolling - 100 20
23 TSDF Facility A 75 1
24Waste oil/ drumsprocessing units
-50 5
25 Solvent recovery units - 55 526 CETP B 70 4
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27Industrial gases/ Isolatedstorage
B95 5
28 Lubricating oils - 53.77 25Total 2973.77 219
1.2.3 Water requirement
Water requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase
is 35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD.
Recycled water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is
21501 KLD which will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met
from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park.
1.2.4 Wastewater TreatmentIt is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD
to treat the sewage generated from the individual industries. The sewer line from
industries to proposed CSTP is also to be provided. Treated sewage of 550 KLD and
treated effluent of 21501 KLD will be used for green belt development
It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD,
2500 KLD and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the individual industries.
Effluent pipeline from industries to CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will
be used for utilities/ by the industries / green belt. Zero Liquid Discharge concept is
proposed.
1.2.5 Storm Water drainageStorm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads.
Storm water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia
and 3.0 m depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will
be connected to the existing tanks of total area 216.93 Acres at the site.
1.2.6 Solid Waste ManagementMunicipal Solid Waste generation during construction and operation phases is proposed
in Table-4. Population considered for construction phase is 600 Nos. and for operation
phase are 7000 nos.Table- 4 Municipal Solid Waste generation
Waste Construction phaseQuantity ( kg/day)
Operation PhaseQuantity (kg/day)
CollectionMethod
Disposal method
organic 135 1575 Bins composting
STP sludge nil 45 Bins Composting
Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors
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• Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day.• Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic wastegenerated will be 55 %.• Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day
Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for
MSW processing.
Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the
common TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will
dispose to TSDF already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP
(Evaporator) will be disposed in the same manner.
1.2.7 Power RequirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be
approximately 369 MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. Power requirement
calculation is given Table- 5.
Table- 5 Power requirement for Industries
S.No Industry type Area Acres App. Noof units
Approx. Powerrequirement/
unit (kVA)
Power(MVA)
1 Synthetic Organicchemicals (Pharma) 175 5 1000 5
2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 5
3 Dyes andIntermediates 180 10 1000 10
4 Petrochemical basedprocessing
250 5 5000 25
5 R and D units 100 10 500 56 Textile 75 5 1000 5
7 Food processing 100 6 1000 6
8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 6
9 Milk chilling andDiary 115 10 1000 10
10 Agro based units 125 15 500 7.5
11 GlassManufacturing 130 2 5000 10
12 Automobile parts 110 10 500 5
13 Electrical machineryparts 60 10 500 5
15 Garments 60 10 500 5
16 Gems andjewellery 115 20 500 10
17 Industrial carbon 70 5 1000 5
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18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 15
19 MetallurgicalIndustries 170 10 8000 80
20 CementManufacturing 110 2 5000 10
21 Lead acidbatteries 90 5 2500 12.5
22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 8023 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 1
24 Waste oil/ drumsprocessingunits
50 5 250 1.25
25 Solvent recovery units 55 5 500 2.5
26 CETP 70 4 5000 20
27Industrialgases/ Isolatedstorage
95 5 700 3.5
28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75Total 2973.77 219 53700 369
1.2.8 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from
this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the
total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on
providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will
be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads
and avenue plantation.
1.2.9 Project CostThe total capital investment on the project is INR 1305.75 Crores.
The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent
for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to
36 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.
1.3 Description of Environment
The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to
November
2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government
organisations. Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and
Extension were found within 4
Km radius in the southern region of the project site and Tummuluru Reserve
Forest and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these
Page xxiv
Pankolda Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla
Reserve Forest and Extension located within 15 Km radius from proposed project site.
1.3.1 Meteorological Conditions• Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the
daily minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of
September and November respectively
• Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded
in the months of September to November respectively
• Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded
in the months of September and November respectively
• Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm
• Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6
m/s and 1.9 m/s.
• Predominant wind direction is NE.
1.3.2 Ambient Air EnvironmentEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the
study area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3,
C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for
Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study
period.
1.3.3 Noise QualityEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of noise levels. The field
observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels slightly
exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the limits prescribed by
MoEF&CC.
1.3.4 Water QualityThe prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4
sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November
2016.
Surface water• Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and
8.13
• Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l
• Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l
Page xxv
• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l
• Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l
Ground Water• pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32
• Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm
• Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l
• Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l
• Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l
• The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu),
Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg)
are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations
1.3.5 SoilIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land
use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08)
locations in the study area.
• Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area
• pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52
• Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm
• Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha
• Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha
• Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha
• Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%
• Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc
1.3.6 Biological EnvironmentBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The
study area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are
under Paddy, cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / scheduled
species found within the study area.
1.3.7 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The project area is
more urban as 72.71% of the population is in the urban area.
• Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population –
452714. The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child
population is 51795.
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• Health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the
project area.
There is a District Hospital providing multi specialized health services in
Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available.
There is no infectious disease in the project area. The Maternal Mortality
Rate and Infant
Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care
facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and
awareness.
• Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware
of the importance of purified water .In the case of sanitation access to the
toilets is very low.
• The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well
connected by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to
the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of education.
The area has a good number of higher education intuitions
• Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of
workers are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. The principal
crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oil seeds and other crops.
• Kadapa Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very
close to the proposed Industrial estate. Bharathi Cements, Zuari Cements,
India cements are reputed industries in the area.
1.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures• APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres
(2651.92 Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of
APIIC Ltd for more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and
there will be some land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for
development of the proposed project.
• Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP.
Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by
RO & ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator
of MIP. Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF.
• Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt
development/Toilet Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from
CETP will be reused as non potable water for various applications (mostly
utilities). Discharge of wastewater on land is not permitted and there will not be
Page xxvii
any impacts due to contamination of soil, ground and surface water (canals &
numerous village ponds) in and around the project sites, so that the proposed
system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system.
• Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and
varnishes etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.
Hazardous materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations
with restricted entry and with fire-fighting facilities.
• H azardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors.
• Mod eling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level
concentration.
The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and
PM10 were found within the NAAQ standards.
• All Process units of chemical industry in the MIP will be provided withAPC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid &
Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon mediathen routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Wet
Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further
treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring
as per CPCB Guidelines.
• All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & BagFilters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCBGuidelines.
• All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as
per CPCB Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the
emissions from D.G set. Location of DG sets and other emission
generating equipment will be decided keeping in view thepredominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby
residential areas.
1.5 Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeEnvironmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the
project. During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as follows -
Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8
locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. Of the
eight locations Kopparthy, Thologanganapalle, Ambavaram, Rampathadu are within site,
Beligi Palli towards SE of site, Putha Chinnayapallee towards N of site, Vellatur towards
SW of site and Paidikalva towards NW of site. In the operation phase, the monitoring
Page xxviii
locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8
locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality
-8 locations, Meteorology at site, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETP,
sewage quality at both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2
CSTP. The budget for Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is
proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs.
1.6 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into
helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical &
social care and other necessities of life.
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life,
protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and
salvage operations in this same order of priorities. The objective of the DMP is to make
use of the combined resources of the project facilities and the outside services to achieve
the following:
• Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties
• Safeguard other people
• Minimize damage to property and the environment
• Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control
• Identify any dead
• Provide for the needs of relatives
• Provide authoritative information to the news media
• Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area
• Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into
the cause and circumstances of the emergency.
1.7 Project BenefitsThe project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for
integrated over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire
region for fast track development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the
region.
1.8 Environmental Management Plan
Following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed;
• Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management
• Rainwater harvesting
• Occupational health and safety
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• Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental
impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational
phases of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional
mechanism.
• Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs.
3.85 Crores as operational cost.
• Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and
Rs.7.5 Lakhs as operational cost.
1.9 Conclusion• There is no forest land involved for the proposed project and hence
forest clearance is not applicable for the project.
• There are no national parks/ wild life sanctuaries located within 10 Km
radius of the project site.
• Green belt development of 33% will be ensured for the project.
• The proposed industrial park will also help to accommodate the
relocation of several industries from the densely populated state capital.
• The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from
the habitation area.
• The project site will have good approach roads being developed by the
Government and thus will lead to hindrance free approach for
transportation of heavy equipment without causing any problems for the
public.
• The proposed project will improve the socioeconomic condition of
surrounding area there by improving the economy of State and the country.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Overview of the project
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is prepared for proposed Mega Industrial
Park at Kopparthy, Yadavapuram, Tadigotla, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu
Villages, Chintakomma Dine, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
Pradesh State. The project scope involves various Industrial units to be proposed within the
Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares) of land to be Developed
By (APIIC) Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation.
1.1.1 Project proponentAndhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of Andhra
Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing Industrial
infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones. Over 253
Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of over
1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal role, in
attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple incentives.
Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation was formed in 1973 by the GO No: 831
dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh. APIIC is spread over in all districts of Andhra Pradesh having 15 Zonal Offices.
APIIC has manpower of all sectors including Administration, Engineering & Quality Assurance,
Legal, Marketing, Finance & Internal Audit etc.,
APIIC will undertake infrastructure development in its Industrial parks and takes up regular
maintenance.
APIIC is also delegated with Local Authority Powers under Panchayat Raj & Municipal Act by
GoAP.
1.2 Proposed project
The proposed Mega Industrial Park project is proposed at Kopparthy village, with an area of
6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha). The proposed Industrial Park will function as an integrated
package with all the required facilities, which will ensure sustainable development of small,
medium and large scale industries with sufficient provision for future growth and expansion.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
Page 2
1.3 Justification and need for the project
Indian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the
contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the
Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle
free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been
facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, pharmaceutical,
textiles, Petro Chemical, engineering industries, etc.
South India especially Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh States has the majority of IPs,
SEZs & IEs. The proposed IP would provide infrastructure support and other incentives for the
growth of most lucrative businesses in Andhra Pradesh.
The major developmental change that happened during the 2014-15 financial year is the
division of erstwhile AP into two states viz., Telangana and Andhra Pradesh formed on the day
of June 2, 2015. The Telangana with Hyderabad as its capital city is carved out of erstwhile AP
as the 29thState of the Union of India. Capitalizing the loss of Hyderabad to the other state as a
“blessing in disguise” the AP state is gearing up with high strength for much better bargaining
with regards to economic and developmental support from Government of India (GOI). In this
regard the state has already made significant strides but eligible and qualified to get total
support from GOI. In order to augment the growth, the state has planned multitude of
development options in all sectors (tourism, Water resources, Agriculture, urban development,
education etc.,) including industrial sector. The proposed IP is one such development to
improve economy and employment generation.
1.4 Location of the project
The Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli,
Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals,
YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km
from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares). Location map of the site
with 10 Km radius is given inFigure 1-1and the Google image is given in Figure 1-2. The salient
features of the site are given in Table 1-1.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
Page 3
N
Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site
Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
Page 4
Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs(10Km radius study Area)
Sl.No. Particulars Details1 Location:
Village Kopparthy, Tadigodla, Yadavapuram, T.G.Palli,
Ambavaram & Rampathadu
Taluk (Mandal) Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri
Mandals
District YSR Kadapa
State Andhra Pradesh
2 Latitude Phase 1 Phase 214˚ 28’ 43.51”N 14˚ 28’ 26.76” N
14˚ 29’ 04.15” N 14˚ 28’ 15.56” N
14˚ 29’ 18.32” N 14˚ 28’ 26.30” N
14˚ 30’ 03.02” N 14˚ 27’ 48.93” N
14˚ 31’ 19.61” N 14˚ 27’ 19.28” N
14˚ 30’ 19.81” N 14˚ 26’ 43.24” N
14˚ 29’ 56.98” N 14˚ 26’ 25.69” N
14˚ 31’ 20.88” N 14˚ 26’ 37.28” N
3 Longitude Phase 1 Phase 278˚ 42’ 53.29” E 78˚ 43’ 27.44” E
78˚ 43’ 58.95” E 78˚ 44’ 45.12” E
78˚ 44’ 24.72” E 78˚ 44’ 14.95” E
78˚ 44’ 53.16” E 78˚ 45’ 39.70” E
78˚ 45’ 51.77” E 78˚ 45’ 50.80” E
78˚ 44’ 22.48” E 78˚ 45’ 26.81” E
78˚ 42’ 55.08” E 78˚ 43’ 38.60” E
4 Elevation above mean
sea level (MSL)
140 -163 mt (AMSL)
5 Climatic conditions as per
IMD
Tropical wet and dry with high temperature.
Annual Max. Temperature – 40.3ºC
Annual Min. Temperature- 34.5ºC
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
Page 5
Sl.No. Particulars DetailsAnnual Total Rainfall – 675 mm
Predominant wind direction – SW
Average Wind speed- 2.5m/s
6 Present land use at the
proposed site
Dry land with shrubs
7 Nearest Highway/Road NH - ≈18- 2.4Km (E)
SH – ≈31- 6.9km (E)
8 Defence installations Nil within 10Km radius
9 Nearest railway station Krishnapuram – ≈1.26Km (E)
10 Nearest airport/air strip Kadapa – ≈1 Km (E)
11 Nearest villages Ganganpalle – ≈700m (W)
Pabbapuram – ≈1.45Km (E)
Rampathadu – ≈1.63Km (W)
Ambavaram – ≈1.08Km (N)
Charlopalle – ≈2.35Km (NE)
Yadavapuram – ≈270m (W)
12 Nearest City Yerraguntla - ≈19Km (W)
13 Nearest town Kadapa – ≈6Km (E)
14 Nearest river Papagni River – ≈1.5Km (NW)
15 Hills/valleys Pendlipenta Hill – ≈12Km – (E)
Palamani Hill – ≈13Km – (S)
Pangodla Hill range – ≈12Km – (S)
Lankamalla Hill ranges – ≈11Km – (E)
16 Archaeologically
important places
Nil with in 10 Km radius
17 Nearest place of
Tourist/Religious
importance
Ameen Peer Dargha - ≈6.6Km (NE)
(324 Years old Dargha)
Gandikota Reservoir - ≈56 Km (NW)
Sri kodandarama Swamy Temple - ≈29Km (SE)
Sri Veerabhadra Swamy Temple - ≈18.7Km (N)
18 Ecologically sensitive
areas (National
Sri Lankamalleswara Wild Life Sanctuary –
≈11Km (NE)
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Sl.No. Particulars DetailsParks/Wildlife
sanctuaries/bio-sphere
reserves)
19 Reserved/Protected
forests within 10 km
radius
Ganganapalle R. F ≈ 4Km S
Pankolda R. F ≈ 12Km S
Kolumulapalle R. F ≈ 12Km SE
Lankamalla R. F ≈ 11 Km NE
Tummuluru R. F ≈ 9Km W
20 List of Major Polluting
Industries
Dalmia Cements (P) Ltd., - ≈2.65Km - NNE
21 Topography of the plant
site
Plain
22 Nature of soil Red and Black Soil
1.4.1 Justification for site selectionAPIIC has already finalized the area for Mega Industrial Park since it is located adjacent to state
highway. Airport and Seaports are the additional added advantages for the business and socio
economic development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National
Highways and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa
Airport at a distance of 1Km from the project site.
The proposed site has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh.The site finalization is
based on the following parameters:
a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed industrial park.
b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures.
c) Skilled man power available in YSR Kadapa district.
Thus, the selection of the site is justified.
1.4.2 Selected Project siteAPIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04Acres (2651.92
Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu
Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh State.
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Andhra Pradesh
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1.5 Need for the EIA study
As per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments, issued by Ministry of
Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under Environment Protection Act,
Industrial Estates with area greater than >500 ha and housing at least one Category B industry
are required to obtain Environmental Clearance.
1.5.1 Project screening and ToRThe proposed project was appraised by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(MoEF & CC) during the meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee for projects related to
Infrastructure Development, Coastal Regulation Zone, Building/Construction and Miscellaneous
projects held on 28-29 Jan and 28-29 Mar 2016 and accorded Terms of Reference vide Letter
no. F.No.21-1/2016-IA.III dated May 23, 2016. The same is attached as Appendix I. ToR
Compliance is attached as Appendix II.
1.5.2 EIA studyThe EIA study was undertaken covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned in
the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF & CC, New Delhi.
This EIA study was undertaken by M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai (HECS),
a NABET accredited EIA consulting organization, with specific project related inputs required for
undertaking the EIA studies for Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC),
Vijayawada.
M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd is authorized to undertake EIA studies for Industrial
estates/parks/complexes/areas, export processing zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones
(SEZs), Biotech Parks, leather Complexes as per the NABET accreditation scheme.
1.5.3 Cost of the EIA studyThe cost for EIA studies is Rs.20,80,000/- (Rupees Twenty Lakhs Eighty thousand only)
1.6 Regulatory Context
The following standards are denoted the basic standards for the EIA baseline studies. During
the study period, the baseline monitoring of all the parameters are compared based on the
standards only.
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Andhra Pradesh
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1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height StandardsThe minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set can be worked out using
the following formula:
H = h+0.2x /KVA
H = Total height of stack in metre
h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed
KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA
Based on the above formula the minimum stack height to be provided with different range of
generator sets may be categorised as follows:
For Generator Sets Total Height of stack in metre50 KVA Ht. of the building + 1.5 metre
50-100 KVA Ht. of the building + 2.0 metre
100-150 KVA Ht. of the building + 2.5 metre
150-200 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.0 metre
200-250 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.5 metre
250-300 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.5 metre
Similarly, for higher KVA ratings a stack height can be worked out using the above formula.
1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standardsa. Noise Standards for DG sets (15-500 KVA):
The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than 94+10 log10
(KVA), dB (A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power
rating of a DG set.
This level should fall by 5 dB (A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then
in 2007.
b. Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationaryDG sets (5 KVA and above):Noise from the DG sets should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure
on by treating the room acoustically.
The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for
minimum 25 dB(A). Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,
whichever is on the higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side,
it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic
enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
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be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the
night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points
at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged.
The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion
Loss of minimum 25 dB(A).
c. Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets 5 KVA and above:
The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of
25 dB(A) Insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with Insertion
Loss of 25 dB(A).
The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG
set; outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper
siting and control measures.
The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsilenced DG
sets as per standards prescribed under (A).
The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user's end, shall be within 2
dB(A) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing
stage, as prescribed under (A).
Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the
recommendation of the DG set manufacturer.
A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set
should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer
which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with
use.
1.6.3 Work-zone Noise StandardsWork zone noise standards are given in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 General noise standardsArea Code Category Area Limits in dB (A) Leq
Day Time Night TimeA Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45
D Silence zone 50 40
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Definition:Day time: Between 6 AM and 10 PM
Night time: Between 10 PM and 6 AM
Silence Zone: Areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals,
educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the
Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of
crackers shall be banned in these zones.
1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality StandardsThe National Ambient Air Quality Standards are given in Table 1-3
Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality StandardsPollutant Time Weighted
AverageConcentration in Ambient Air (µg/m3)Industrial
Residential, Rural &Other Areas
Ecologically SensitiveAreas (notified by
Central Government)Sulphur dioxide(SO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 50 2024 hrs** 80 80
Nitrogen dioxide(NO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 40 3024 hrs ** 80 80
Particulate Matter(Size less than 10µg) (PM10) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 60 6024 hrs ** 100 100
Particulate Matter(Size less than 2.5µg) (PM2.5) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 40 4024 hrs ** 60 60
Ozone (O3)(µg/m3)
8 hrs ** 100 1001 hrs ** 180 180
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) Annual Average* 0.5 0.524 hrs ** 1.5 1.0
Carbon monoxide(CO) (µg/m3)
8 hrs ** 2000 20001 hrs ** 4000 4000
Ammonia (NH3)(µg/m3)
Annual Average* 100 10024 hrs ** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 5 5Benzo(a) Pyrene(BaP)- Particulatephase only (µg/m3)
Annual* 0.001 0.001
Arsenic (As)(µg/m3)
Annual* 0.006 0.006
Nickel (Ni) (µg/m3) Annual* 0.020 0.020
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Note:*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular
site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, should be met 98%
of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.
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1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge StandardsThe tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters are given in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewatersSl.No.
Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters intoInland surface
Waters (a)Public Sewers
(b)On Land forIrrigation (c)
Marine Coastal Areas(d)
1 Suspended Solids mg/l 100 600 200 a. For process wastewater-100b. For cooling waterwastewater 10 percentabove, total suspendedmatter of influent coolingwater
2 Particle Size of SuspendedSolids
Shall pass 850micron I.S. Sieve
- - a. Floatable solidsmaximum 3 mm.b. Settlable solidsmaximum 850 microns
3 Dissolved Solids (inorganic)mg/l
2100 2100 2100 -
4 pH Value 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 95 Temperature 45°C at the point of
discharge45°C at the
point ofdischarge
45°C at the point ofdischarge
6 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 20 10 207 Total Residual Chlorine mg/l 1.0 - - 1.08 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N)
mg/l50 50 - 50
9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N)mg/l
100 - - 100
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Sl.No.
Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters intoInland surface
Waters (a)Public Sewers
(b)On Land forIrrigation (c)
Marine Coastal Areas(d)
10 Free Ammonia (as NH3) mg/l 5.0 - - 5.011 Bio Chemical Oxygen
Demand (3 days at 27°C) mg/l30 350 100 100
12 Chemical Oxygen Demandmg/l
250 - - 250
13 Arsenic (as As ) mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.214 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0115 Lead (as Pb ) mg/l 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.016 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.017 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr
+6 ) mg/l0.1 2.0 0.1 0.1
18 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.019 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.020 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.521 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.0522 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.023 Boron (as B) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.024 Percent Sodium % - 60 60 -25 Residual Sodium Carbonate
mg/l- - 5.0 -
26 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.227 Chloride (as Cl ) mg/l 1000 1000 600 -28 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.529 Dissolved Phosphates (as P)
mg/l5.0 - - -
30 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/l 1000 1000 1000 100031 Sulphides (as S) mg/l 2.0 - 2.0 5.0
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Sl.No.
Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters intoInland surface
Waters (a)Public Sewers
(b)On Land forIrrigation (c)
Marine Coastal Areas(d)
32 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent33 Phenolic Compounds (as
C6H5OH) mg/l1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
34 Radio Active Materialsa. Alpha emitters microcurie/ml
10-7 10-7 10-8 10-7
b. Beta emitters microcurie/ml
10-6 10-6 10-6 10-7
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1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared based on
the methods and guidelines suggested by MoEF&CC to address all the specific
conditions stipulated in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF & CC.
The EIA study team, headed by EIA Coordinator, along with the approved
Functional Area Experts, undertook detailed baseline studies as per the ToR.
Micro-meteorological data comprising hourly readings of wind speed, wind
direction, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and rainfall details were
measured by installing an onsite meteorological station near the Project site.
Hourly/monthly readings were collected for a period of three (03) months.
Micro-meteorological data was adopted for generating wind rose diagrams and
also to predict the ground level concentrations due to release of emissions from
the proposed facility.
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) was measured at eight (8) locations in the study area
as per the methods and procedures recommended by Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) Air quality sampling was undertaken for a period of 12 weeks with
a total of 24 samples per site were taken as per the MoEF&CC guidelines.
Stipulated criteria pollutants such as particulate matter size less than 10 microns
(PM10), particulate matter size less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and
Ozone (O3) were analysed at all the locations. The measured background air
quality data was compared with that of the prevailing National Ambient Air Quality
Standards and this will also form the basis for predicting the cumulative air quality
scenario due to the operation of the proposed facility.
Hydro-geological status was studied based on the secondary published long-term
data. Data on sub-surface soil profile in the study area was obtained. In addition,
a preliminary study on the regional and local aquifer status was studied based on
secondary data.
Ground water samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms
of reference for all the designated parameters. The measured values were
compared with drinking water standards. Secondary data on the regional ground
water status was also collected from the Central Ground Water Board and the
State Ground Water Board.
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There are no major perennial rivers flowing within the study area. However, surface water
samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms of reference for all the
designated parameters. All seasonal streams, rivers and water bodies located within the
study area were mapped through latest remote sensing data under land use and land cover
study. Walkthrough surveys were undertaken to assess the current status of the water
resources. Details about the major cropping pattern and irrigation methods etc were
collected from local village offices and also published district census data. Details of the
surface water quality in the study area were also collected and analysed for designated
physicochemical, elemental and biological parameters.
Land use and land cover was mapped using remote sensing satellite imagery. The data was
processed using applicable software models and level 1 land use classification within the
study area was developed. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was also
developed to assess the terrain conditions and also possible flooding scenarios, although
there are no perennial rivers in the study area.
A walkthrough survey was also undertaken near the forest boundaries, major settlements
and plantation area to verify the land use as a part of the ground truth survey procedures.
Soil samples were also collected at eight (08) locations and all relevant parameters such as
texture, nutrients, heavy metals and other parameters were analysed in the soil samples.
Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted ecological and
biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-diversity density and
abundance were estimated. Walkthrough surveys near forest area and its environs were
also undertaken to assess the ecology around the forest areas and dependency of the local
people on the forest produce. Primary socio economic survey was undertaken in the study
area to capture the socio-economic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking
water and sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a
specific reference to the villages located within five (5) km radius of the project site and
villages located within 5 to 10Km radius of the project site.
A typical review on the various industrial units, various pollution control systems proposed
details of wastes and discharges that are envisaged from the proposed project were also
undertaken. Such inputs are adopted while predicting various environmental impacts due to
operation of the facility and also to suggest an appropriate environmental management plan
and environmental monitoring plan.
As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, an attempt was made to predict
the possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality impacts due to
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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release of emissions within the MIP and outside MIP within 10Km study area were modeled
using AERMOD model.
Ground level concentration of criteria pollutants such as Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide,
and Oxides of Nitrogen were estimated using MoEF&CC approved AERMOD model.
Maximum ground level concentrations were predicted and concentration isopleths of the
above mentioned pollutants were plotted.
The predicted ground level concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the
prevailing baseline concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely
cumulative post project scenario and such values were compared with the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards.
Noise generating sources and the expected noise levels were estimated. Impact due to
utilisation of treated wastewater for green cover and irrigation applications was studied.
Since the proposed facility will not discharge any treated wastewater into surface water
bodies (ponds, rivers and Canals), no further environmental modeling studies related to river
water quality modeling etc were considered under this study.
In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from community
development plans under CSR programme, ecological and biodiversity enhancement
aspects due to development of plantation and green-cover development in the project site
were also studied.
Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive report on
the environmental management plan was developed covering the following aspects:
construction phase environmental management plan, air quality management plan, noise
and water quality management plan, wastewater treatment, reuse, recycling and disposal
programme, rainwater harvesting plan, socioeconomic and community development plan,
ecological and biodiversity enhancement plan. An outline of the proposed environmental
management systems, environmental cell and environmental monitoring programme is also
presented in this report.
Although the proposed MIP utilises the limited quantities of flammable and combustible
materials with threshold levels below the stipulated quantities under Hazardous Materials
Handling Rules, a preliminary risk assessment study and Disaster Management study, was
undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any, due to storage and handling of solvents,
diesel, furnace oil, coal and other combustible material. Where ever applicable, quantitative
methods were adopted to establish the heat radiation levels due to accidental fires at
storage facilities.
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Based on the risk assessment study, a preliminary fire safety and occupational health
management plan was suggested. A roadmap for onsite emergency and disaster
management plan was suggested based on the preliminary information available at this
stage.
1.8 Structure of the EIA Report
This EIA report is structured based on the following chapters.
Chapter 1 – Introduction presents details of project background, overview of the project
and study area, type of proposed project, justification and need for the project, screening
and scoping studies etc.,
Chapter 2 – (Project Description) presents details of the proposed facility, land
requirement and details of various supporting facilities required for the project.
Chapter 3 - (Description of Environment) presents a comprehensive description of the
baseline environmental conditions of the study area. This includes the data obtained from
primary surveys and also secondary published data from various authentic sources.
Chapter 4 – (Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures) presents the
environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and
discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under
project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational
phase environmental impacts.
Chapter 5 – (Analysis of Alternative Sites & Technology) presents alternative sites if any
considered for the project and alternative Technologies considered for this project.
Chapter 6 – (Environmental Monitoring Programme) depicts the summary of proposed
environmental management plan.
Chapter 7 – (Additional Studies) presents the findings of the risk assessment study,
risk/mitigation plan, a preliminary onsite emergency and disaster management plan.
Chapter 8 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project.
Chapter 9 – (Environmental Management Plan) depicts the summary of proposed
environmental management plan.
Chapter 10 – Presents the (Summary and Conclusion) of EIA report.
Chapter 11 – Disclosure of Consultant Engaged presents the declaration by the EIA
consultant organization as per the NABET requirements.
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CHAPTER-2PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.1 Overview
APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres
(2651.92 Hectares) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganapalli, Ambavaram &
Rampathadu Villages, Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh State.
Total plotted area for the proposed site is 2973.77 Acres. The Park is proposed to be spread
over 6553.04 acres and caters to the socio-economic development of the region. There are
totally 219 units proposed for the proposed MIP site. Project site features are described in
Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Features of the siteS.No Item Details
1. Name of the Project Proposed Mega Industrial Park-
Kopparthy
2. Schedule and Category of
Project
7 (c), Industrial Estate / Parks
Category A
3. Proposed total area 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha)
4. Location 14˚ 22’ and 14˚ 38’ North and 78˚ 38’
and 78˚ 53’ East
Villages Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram,
T.G.Palli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu
Tehsil Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur &
Pendlimarri
District Kadapa (Y.S.R)
State Andhra Pradesh
2.2 Land for the Project
The survey nos. for proposed Industrial Park of 2651.92 Hectares falls in 5 villages. The
details are
Kopparthy Village - S.Nos. 1-119, 433- 442, 448 - 459, 637- 640, 658, 660, 667- 675, 687,
688- 761, 766, 768, 770-773, 775, 776, 779, 780, 781, 783, 785- 791, 793- 798, 800- 915,
917- 944, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1203- 1214, 1217- 1243, 1245, 1246, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1253,
1255, 1256, 1257- 1302, Tadigodla Village- S.Nos. 1- 34, 36- 39, 42, 44- 47, 53, 55- 60, 62,
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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63, 67, 68, 69, 148- 190, 192, 193- 218. Yadavapuram Village -S.Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13- 17,
19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 31- 53, 55- 88, 90, 91, 92, 94-108, 110- 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 125-
132.
T.G.Palli Village -S.Nos. 327-356, 358- 367.
Ambavaram Village- S.Nos. 518 - 555, 1206, 1209 - 1221, 1225-1264 and Rampathadu
Village - S.Nos. 24, 27, 28, 29, 32- 36, 38, 39, 40, 64. The entire land has been handed over
to APIIC. The project key map is shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 Proposed project site locationThe study area falls within the Toposheet nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15. The Topo sheet showing
the project site and 15 km radius is given in Figure 2-2.
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Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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2.3 Land Acquisition StatusThe area for the Kadapa MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any
settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation
for development of proposed MIP. APIIC has acquired the land for development of MIP from
both Government and private owners and the land documents are enclosed in Annexure -1.
Village wise land extent is given in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Village wise land extent
Sl.No.Name of the Village
& Mandal
Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (inAcres)
Govt., DKT Patta Total
1Kopparthy (V), CK
Dinne (M)544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97
2Tadigotal (V), CK
Dinne (M)392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14
3Yadavapuram (V),
Vallur (M)441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79
4Tholagangana Palli
(V), Vallur (M)58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51
5Ambavaram (V),
Pendlimarri (M)69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7
6Rampathadu (V),
Pendlimarri (M)74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93
TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04(Source: Village revenue records)
2.4 Proposed Master plan for the ProjectThere are approximately 219 plots proposed for the propoed MIP. The proposed industries
are classified as Red, Orange and green category. The area breakup of allotment is given in
Table 2-3. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given in the Master Plan.
The Master Plan Indicating the type of Industry is enclosed in Annexure-2.
Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed projectS.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)
1 Total land area 6553.04 1002 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38
3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10
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S.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.85
5 Tanks 216.93 3.31
6 Roads 897.76 13.69
7 Open Space 694.62 10.59
8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04
2.4.1 Zonation of IndustriesProposed industries are classified under Five major industrial sectors. The Industrial sector
with the type of industry proposed and approximate area is given in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed
S.NoIndustrySector
Sub Sector Area (Acres)App. No of
units1 Pharma and
Chemical
Synthetic Organic chemicals 175 5
Lead acid batteries 90 5
Waste oil/ drums processing
units50 5
Solvent recovery units 55 5
Lubricating oils 63.77 25
Industrial gases/ Isolated
storage95 5
Paint Industry 175 5
Dyes and Intermediates 180 10
2 Food
processing
Food processing 100 6
Soft drinks 90 6
Milk chilling and Diary 115 10
Agro based units 125 15
3 Textile Textile 75 5
Garments 60 10
4 Engineering Glass Manufacturing 130 2
Automobile parts 110 10
Electrical machinery parts 60 10
Gems and jewellery 115 20
Metallurgical Industries 170 10
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.NoIndustrySector
Sub Sector Area (Acres)App. No of
unitsIndustrial carbon 70 5
Carbon Black 175 3
Steel rerolling 100 20
R and D units 100 10
Cement Manufacturing 100 2
5 Petrochemical Petrochemical based
processing250 5
6 Infrastructure TSDF Facility 75 1
CETP 70 4
Total 2973.77 219
2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed ProjectThere are total 219 plots and the type of industries which could come in that plots is given in
Table 2-5. The allotments proposed for the vacant plots are based on the enquiry, availability
of land, and the availability of raw materials in the district. The list of allotted industries is
given in Table 2-5.
Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted
S.No
Name ofIndustry Type of Industry
Classification as
perAPPCB
EIA Categoryas A/B with
conditions tobe implied inAPIIC park
Total Areain Acres
1 AdilakshmiIndustries
Reclamation ofwaste oil
Red - - 1
2 Bindhu PyroIndustries
Carbon/ CarbonBlack/ Miscinorganic compound
- 1.26
3 Keerthi Pharmapackagingindustries
Multilayer laminatedtubes/ Sachets
Orange - - 0.89
4 Krishna BarathiPulverisingIndustry
Barium Powder Red - - 4
5 PadmavathiCarbon
Activated Carbon Orange - - 4
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 26
2.4.3 Open AreaOpen area of 10.06% will be provided by APIIC which can be used for Green belt
development. The open area allotted is 694.62 Acres.
2.4.4 Common FacilitiesTotal area allotted for common facilities is 203.36 Acres. This will include Administration
Building is proposed in the plot and facilities like Bank, ATM, canteen, post office, weigh
bridge, truck parking area, fire station and Occupational Health Centre is proposed to
facilitate the Industries within the Estate.
It is proposed to provide weighbridge and truck parking total covering an area of 15 Acres at
different locations.
Apart from this raw water storage tank, waste processing area, CETP, electrical substation
area also proposed.
2.4.5 Green Belt AreaGreen Belt of 23.04% is proposed for the project. The area allotted is 1510.45 Acres.Apart
from this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the
total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on providing green
belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within
the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation.
6 R.R.Chemicals Barium Carbonate,Barium Nitrate andSodium Sulphideflakes
Red - -
1.89
7 S.S Chemicals Barium Carbonate,Barium Nitrate andSodium Sulphideflakes
Red - -
4
8 VenkshviPharma
ActivePharmaceuticalIngredients &Intermediates
Red A -
20
9 AndhraPradesh StateCooperativeMarketingfederation
Agri – hortiProcessing
Red - -
15.25
Total 52.29
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 27
2.4.6 Road AreaInternal roads will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres will be provided for
internal roads.
2.5 Current Status of the siteCurrently there is one Industry under operation -Venkshvi Pharma. Approach road to the site
is Kadapa- Pulivendula Road. The site photpgraphs of site with approach road is given in
Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-3 Site Photographs
Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road
2.6 Water Requirement2.6.1 Construction PhaseDuring the construction phase, the water requirement for the project is calculated as 256
KLD. Approximate people working will be around 600 nos. The breakup of water requirement
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 28
is given in Table 2-6. Only infrastructure development like provision of storm water drain,
laying of roads, water supply line, providing substation, green belt in common area, common
facilities are under the scope of APIIC. The construction period for infrastructure facilities is
estimated to be 24-36 months.
Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction PhaseS. No Activities Water Requirement (KLD)1 Labours (@ 60 LPD for 600
laborers)
36
2 Water for Construction 100
3 Other activities (including green
belt development)
120
Total 256
2.6.2 Operation PhaseDuring Operation Phase, the total water requirement is approximately calculated as 35150
KLD (35 MLD). Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Around 4635 KLD will be met from
recycling of treated effluent. Water requirement for green belt will be 21501 KLD. This will be
met from treated sewage (359 KLD) and treated effluent (21142 KLD). The detailed break up
of water requirement for each industry based on assumptions is given in Table 2-7. The
water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli reservoir which is around 8.2 Km towards the
northern side of proposed project site. The Government Order for water supply is given in
Annexure- 3. Water Balance is given in Figure 2-5.Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase
S. No Industry type AreaAcres
App. Noof units
Manpower
DomesticKLD
IndustrialKLD
1Synthetic Organicchemicals(Pharma)
175 5 1000 60 2500
2 Paint Industry 175 5 300 18 1000
3Dyes andIntermediates
180 10 500 30 4000
4Petrochemicalbased processing
250 5 600 36 7500
5 R and D units 100 10 100 6 250
6 Textile 75 5 100 6 2500
7 Food processing 100 6 100 6 600
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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S. No Industry type AreaAcres
App. Noof units
Manpower
DomesticKLD
IndustrialKLD
8 Soft drinks 90 6 100 6 600
9Milk chilling andDiary
115 10 250 15 2000
10 Agro based units 125 15 150 9 225
11GlassManufacturing
130 2 500 30 1000
12 Automobile parts 110 10 200 12 100
13Electricalmachinery parts
60 10 200 12 100
15 Garments 60 10 500 30 0
16Gems andjewellery
115 20 200 12 300
17 Industrial carbon 70 5 100 6 500
18 Carbon Black 175 3 300 18 6000
19MetallurgicalIndustries
170 10 500 30 2500
20CementManufacturing
110 2 200 12 1000
21Lead acidbatteries
90 5 150 9 1000
22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 24 400
23 TSDF Facility 75 1 50 3 15
24Waste oil/ drumsprocessing units
50 5 50 3 100
25Solvent recoveryunits
55 5 50 3 75
26 CETP 70 4 50 3 40
27Industrial gases/Isolated storage
95 5 100 6 50
28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 250 15 375
Total 2973.77 219 7000 420 34730
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 30
Figure 2-5 Water Balance ChartNote:a) Water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir.b) Individual Industries will use the common Effluent Management System for
treatment and reuse of effluent.c) Individual industries can use CETP of APIIC-MIP based on the requirement.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities2.7.1 Internal Access RoadEvery main haul road shall be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal
plates and kept clear of dusty materials or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical
so as to maintain the entire road surface wet. Internal roads of 18m, 24m and 45m wide with
median will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres is allotted for providing internal
roads. The internal Traffic Circulation plan within the site with internal road is enclosed in
Annexure-4.
2.7.2 Construction MaterialsThe approximate quantity of construction materials used for proposed infrastructure facilities
are given in Table 2-8. The construction materials will be purchased from kadapa which is
around 6 Km from proposed project site.
Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities
S.No ParticularArea
(Sq.m)Steel
(Cu.m)Cement(bags)
Bricks(nos)
Sand(cu.m)
Gravel(cu.m)
1
Storm
water
Drainage
100000 8050 102259.1 32890000 32292.25 0
2 CETP 60000 7005 28402.8 2732400 3933.8 0
3 CSTP 30000 3560 14156.4 1366200 1967 0
4Rainwater
Harvesting80000 0 81807 26312000 25834 0
5 Roads 3630030 42373 1600770 0 211866 175000
Total 52938 1827395 63300600 275893.1 175000
2.7.3 Earthwork for the ProjectThe terrain of the site is almost flat. Contour of the site varies from 126- 151m towards the
northern side of the site and 140 -163m towards the southern side of the site. The elevation
is more towards the southern side of the side. For the proposed infrastructure facilities at site
approximately 4,10,000m3 of soil will be excavated for construction of storm water drains,
CETPs, CSTPs and also facilities for providing Municipal solid waste processing sheds. Top
soil of approximately 10,000m3 will be separated and will be used for green belt
development. Rest of the soil will be used for back filling and development of roads within the
project site. The approximate quantity of excavated earth is given in
Table 2-9.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity
S.No ParticularArea
(Sq.m)Excavated earth
(cu.m)
1 Storm water 100000 145000
2 CETPs 60000 45000
3 CSTPs 30000 30000
4Rainwater
Harvesting Pits80000 65000
5 Roads 3630030 125000
Total 410000
2.7.4 Storm Water DrainRainwater harvesting structures are proposed for the proposed project for utilization and to
recharge the water resources in the region. The run-off water from the roof of the structures
and paved areas will be collected through storm water drainage system and led to rain water
harvesting structures. Apart from this individual industry, upon establishment will be insisted
to have their own rainwater storage and harvesting facility.
Closed type storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal
roads. Total length of storm water drains within the MIP will be approximately 17500 m.
Storm water manholes along with silt traps of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m (one manhole for every
50m distance), recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m depth are proposed along
the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks at
the site. There are totally 8 tanks (4 on the northern part and 4 on the southern part of site)
within the site with total area of 216.93 Acres. The storm water drainage network with the
details of manholes, pits etc is given in Annexure – 5. Apart from this, individual industries
will be insisted to have their own rainwater harvesting facilities within their premises.
2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous WasteMunicipal Solid WasteDuring construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be
generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Organic solid waste will be disposed to local
bins and generated recyclable waste and scrap will be suitably disposed off to authorised
recyclers.
During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power
considered is 7000 nos.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be
generated during full operation of the industrial Park.
Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW
processing. The Municipal solid wastegeneration quantity is given in Table 2-10.
Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation
WasteConstruction PhaseQuantity (kg/ day)
Operation PhaseQuantity (kg/day)
CollectionMethod
Disposal method
Organic 135 1575 Bins composting
Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors
• Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day.• Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic waste
generated will be 55 %.• Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day
Organic waste will be composted at project site and used as manure for green belt
development. Inorganic waste will be segregated, stored and disposed to authorised
recyclers by the industries.
Hazardous WasteIndividual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the
common TSDF facility proposed at project site. Till it is established, the individual industries
will dispose to TSDF (Coastal Waste Management Facility within the Pharmacity, Parwada,)
already existing at Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh. The salt generated from the CETP
(Evaporator) will be disposed to TSDF. The approximate quantity of hazardous waste
generated is given in Table 2-11.
Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation
S. No. Hazardouswaste
category no.
Description RecyclableTPA
To TSDFTPA
1 5.1 Used / spent Oil 25 --
2 34.3 Chemical sludge from CETP -- 7700
3 33.3 Discarded containers / barrels /
liners
25 --
4 28.1 Process residues and waste -- 15750
5 28.2 Spent carbon / catalyst 750 --
6 20.3 Distillation Residue -- 860
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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S. No. Hazardouswaste
category no.
Description RecyclableTPA
To TSDFTPA
7 34.4 CETP Evaporator Salt -- 1000
Total 800 25310
2.7.6 Wastewater Treatmenta) Sewage Treatment
It is proposed to provide two numbers of Common Sewage Treatment Plant each of 200 KLD
&350 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed
to provide sewer lines from various industries to CSTP within the MIP. The sewer line from
various industries to proposed CSTP is given in Annexure-6.Specifications of 200 KLD CSTP
Flow rate logisticsDesign capacity : 200 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Plant Flow Rate : 8.33 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 10 m3/hr
Specifications of 350 KLD CSTPFlow rate logisticsDesign capacity : 350 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Plant Flow Rate : 14.58 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 17.5 m3/hr
Quality Logistics for CSTPs
S.No Parameter Units Inlet Outlet Standards1 PH - 6.0 - 8.5 6.0 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0
2 TSS Mg/l 100 – 200 < 30 < 30
3 COD Mg/l 400 - 600 < 100 < 250
4 BOD Mg/l 300 – 400 < 20 < 20
Process Description for CSTPs• The Raw Sewage from various sources will get collected in the collection tank/
Equalization tank through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles
from where it is pumped to the aeration tank through raw sewage transfer pump.
• The Screened sewage in the aeration tank is provided with air diffusion through air
blower & diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place through special type of
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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floating media called “MBBR Media”. MBBR media will expedite the treatment with
minimum sludge.
• The aerated sewage is then led to the clarifier tank provided with clarifier Rake
mechanism where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The clarified water is
then sent to the Clarified water tank.
• The settled sludge from clarifier tank will be pumped to sludge holding tank through
sludge transfer pump from where it is pumped to the filter press unit through screw
pump and the filtrate is taken back to the collection tank.
• The clarified water is then pumped to Pressure Sand filter & Activated carbon filter
using filter feed pump in order to remove the suspended particles, colour and odour.
Sodium hypo chlorite dosing is done online for disinfection purpose. The filtered water
is used for gardening.
• The specifications and process flow diagrams of CSTP of 200 KLD and 350 KLD is
enclosed in Annexure-7b) Effluent TreatmentIt is proposed to provide 4 numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plants each of capacity
12000 KLD, 10000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 2000 KLD to treat the effluent generated from the
industries proposed in the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed to provide effluent lines
from industries proposed to CETP. The effluent line from various industries to CETP is
enclosed in Annexue-8.
Specifications of CETP of 10000 KLDDesign BasisEffluent Treatment Plant
Plant Capacity : 10000 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Plant Flow Rate : 416.67 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 420 m3/hr
Ultra Filtration PlantPlant flow rate : 420 cum/hr
Design flow rate : 420 cum/hr
RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 420 cum/hr
Recovery : 75%
Permeate flow rate : 315 cum/hr
Reject flow rate : 105 cum/hr
RO Plant – II
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Plant Flow Rate : 105 cum /hr
Recovery : 70 %
Permeate flow rate : 73.5 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 31.5 cum /hr
RO Plant – IIIPlant Flow Rate : 31.5 cum /hr
Recovery : 60 %
Permeate flow rate : 19 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 12.5 cum /hr
Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr
Specifications of CETP of 2000 KLDDesign BasisEffluent Treatment Plant
Plant Capacity : 2000 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Plant Flow Rate : 83.3 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 84 m3/hr
Ultra Filtration PlantPlant flow rate : 84 cum/hr
Design flow rate : 84 cum/hr
RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 84 cum/hr (Single Phase)
Recovery : 75%
Permeate flow rate : 63 cum/hr
Reject flow rate : 21 cum/hr
RO Plant – IIPlant Flow Rate : 21 cum /hr
Recovery : 65 %
Permeate flow rate : 13.7 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 7.3 cum /hr
Multiple Effect Evaporator : 7.5 cum/hr (both phases)
Specifications of CETP of 2500 KLDDesign Basis
Effluent Treatment Plant
Plant Capacity : 2500 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Plant Flow Rate : 104.2 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 105 m3/hr
Ultra Filtration PlantPlant flow rate : 105 cum/hr
Design flow rate : 105 cum/hr
RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 105 cum/hr
Recovery : 75%
Permeate flow rate : 79 cum/hr
Reject flow rate : 26 cum/hr
RO Plant – IIPlant Flow Rate : 26 cum /hr
Recovery : 70 %
Permeate flow rate : 18.2 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 7.8 cum /hr
Multiple Effect Evaporator : 8 cum/hr
Specifications of CETP of 12000 KLDDesign BasisEffluent Treatment Plant
Plant Capacity : 12000 KLD
Operating Hours : 24 hrs
Plant Flow Rate : 500 m3/hr
Design Flow Rate : 500 m3/hr
Ultra Filtration PlantPlant flow rate : 500 cum/hr
Design flow rate : 500 cum/hr
RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 500 cum/hr
Recovery : 75%
Permeate flow rate : 375 cum/hr
Reject flow rate : 125 cum/hr
RO Plant – IIPlant Flow Rate : 125 cum /hr
Recovery : 75 %
Permeate flow rate : 94 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 31 cum /hr
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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RO Plant – IIIPlant Flow Rate : 31 cum /hr
Recovery : 60 %
Permeate flow rate : 18.5 cum /hr
Reject flow rate : 12.5 cum /hr
Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr
Quality logistics for all CETPs
S.No Description UnitCETP Inlet
(S1)CETP
Outlet (S2)RO Outlet
(S3)Stds
1 pH - 5.5 – 8.0 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 5.5 – 9
2 TSS mg/l 1000 < 30 < 0.1 < 30
3 BOD mg/l 800 – 1200 < 20 < 10 < 20
4 COD Mg/l 4000 – 6000 < 100 < 50 < 250
5 TDS Mg/l 1800 – 2000 1800 – 2000 < 200 < 2100
6Total residual
chlorineMg/l 10 <1 < 0.1 1
7 AmmoniacalNitrogen (as N)
Mg/l 500 <50 < 5 50
8Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen (as N)Mg/l 1000 <100 < 10 100
9 Arsenic (as As) Mg/l 2 <0.2 <0.1 0.2
10 Mercury(as Hg)
Mg/l 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.01
11 Lead (as Pb) Mg/l 0.5 <0.1 <0.05 0.1
12Cadmium
(as Cd)Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1
13Total Cadmium
(as Cr)Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2
14Copper(as Cu)
Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3
15 Zinc (as Zn) Mg/l 50 <5 <0.5 5
16Selenium(as Se)
Mg/l 0.5 <0.05 <0.05 0.05
17 Nickel (as Ni) Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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S.No Description UnitCETP Inlet
(S1)CETP
Outlet (S2)RO Outlet
(S3)Stds
18 Boron (as B) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2
19Cyanide(as CN)
Mg/l 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.2
20Chloride(as Cl)
Mg/l 500 500 <100 1000
21 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2
22Sulphate(as SO4)
Mg/l 500 500 <50 1000
23Sulphide
(as S)Mg/l 28 <2.8 <0.3 2.8
24Phenolic
Compounds(as C6H5OH)
Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1
Process Description The Common Effluent Treatment Plant is designed in 2 phases. The effluent generated
from various sources will be collected in the Common Effluent collection tank from
where it will be pumped to oil skimmer unit for the removal of oil through bar screen
chamber in order to remove the floating particles. The overflow from the oil skimmer
tank is sent to the flash mixer tank for neutralization. Suitable dosing is added in the
flash mixer tank using dosing systems. Acid / alkali / Coagulant & Flocculant dosing
system is provided in the flash mixer tank.
The effluent from the flash mixer tank is then sent to the primary clarifier tank provided
with primary clarifier mechanism. The sludge gets settled at the bottom of the tank from
where it is pumped to the common sludge holding tank through sludge pump. The
sludge from sludge holding tank is pumped to the common filter press unit through
screw pump for sludge dewatering. The drain from filter press unit is sent to the
collection tank.
The overflow from the Primary Clarifier tank is then sent to the anaerobic digester tank
provided with SAFF media. BOD reduction takes place in this tank. The overflow from
the anaerobic digester tank is sent to the oxidation tank where air diffusion is provided
with air blower and diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place in the
oxidation tank. The overflow from the oxidation tank is sent to the secondary clarifier
tank provided with secondary clarifier rake mechanism where the sludge settles at the
bottom of the tank. The settled sludge is then pumped to the common sludge holding
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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tank through sludge pump from where it is pumped to the common filter press unit
through screw pump for dewatering purpose.
The overflow from the secondary clarifier tank is sent to the clarified water tank where
sodium hypochlorite dosing is done for disinfection. The clear water from the clarified
water tank is pumped to the pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter in order to
remove the suspended solids and odour through filter feed pump.
The filtered water from pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter is collected in the
UF feed tank from where it is pumped to the ultra filtration unit through cartridge filter.
Periodic backwash & cleaning of UF membranes are to be carried out at regular
intervals. UF permeate water is collected in the UF permeate tank. UF rejects is taken
back to the collection tank.
The water collected in the UF permeate tank is pumped to the Ist stage RO system
provided with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump,
followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. The RO I permeate
water is collected in the RO permeate tank which is used for further process. The
rejects from RO I is collected in the RO I reject tank / RO II Feed tank and sent to RO II
stage with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump,
followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. RO II permeate water is
collected in the common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process
and RO II rejects will be collected in the RO II reject tank. The rejects from RO II is
collected in the RO II reject tank / RO III Feed tank and sent to RO III stage with 60%
recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump, followed by cartridge
filter & then through high pressure pump. RO III permeate water is collected in the
common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process and RO III rejects
will be collected in the RO III reject tank from where it is sent to the Multiple Effect
Evaporator for Evaporation.
Concept for Multiple Effect Evaporator The RO III stage rejects will be concentrated in 3 effect Evaporator plant
followed by Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).
The feed will flow in forward feed manner in Evaporators. All effects are of
Forced Circulation type.
The feed will be preheated by process condensate and partial process vapors
from 3rd effect, 2nd effect & 1st effect. Then the feed will be fed to the 1st
effect.
Live dry saturated steam of 8 kg/cm2 will be fed to the inlet of TVR as a
motive fluid. Partial vapors from effect 1 will be sucked by TVR to mix up with
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live steam which will be given to shell side of 1st effect. Vapors generated in
the 1st effect will be condensed on the shell side of the 2ndeffect.
Subsequently, the vapors from the 2nd effect will be condensed shell side of
the 3rd effect. Vapors generated in the 3rd effect will be condensed in the
surface condenser.
The process condensate from 1st effect is flashed on the shell side of 2nd
effect. In the same manner, process condensate will be flash into the shell
side of the next effect. And collective process condensate from 1st, 2nd, 3rd
effect shall be collected in the process condensate tank. This will increase the
steam economy.
Vent Vapors are condensed in the condenser. Process condensate from the
3rd effect and surface condenser shall be collected in the condensate pot and
shall be transferred to battery limit through feed preheater.
Concentrated effluent from last effect will be transferred to ATFD for further
concentration of salt slurry to meet ZLD norms.
Common closed loop sealing water system shall be provided for flushing of
mechanical seals of centrifugal pumps for proposed system. This sealing
water system shall be included one PHE, one balance tank and one dedicated
centrifugal pump.
The specifications and process flow diagrams of CETP of 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD
and 12000 KLD is enclosed in Annexure-9.
2.7.7 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this
694.62 Acres (10.59%) of open space is also proposed for green belt. APIIC will also insist
on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be
developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and
avenue plantation.
2.7.8 Power requirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369
MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. The approximate power requirement calculation
is given inTable 2-12.Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation
S.No Industry type AreaAcres
App.No ofunits
Approx.Power
requirement/unit (kVA)
Power(MVA)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Industry type AreaAcres
App.No ofunits
Approx.Power
requirement/unit (kVA)
Power(MVA)
1 SyntheticOrganicchemicals(Pharma)
175 5 1000 5
2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 53 Dyes and
Intermediates180 10 1000 10
4 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
250 5 5000 25
5 R and D units 100 10 500 56 Textile 75 5 1000 57 Food
processing100 6 1000 6
8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 69 Milk chilling
and Diary115 10 1000 10
10 Agro basedunits
125 15 500 7.5
11 GlassManufacturing
130 2 5000 10
12 Automobileparts
110 10 500 5
13 Electricalmachineryparts
60 10 500 5
15 Garments 60 10 500 516 Gems and
jewellery115 20 500 10
17 Industrialcarbon
70 5 1000 5
18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 1519 Metallurgical
Industries170 10 8000 80
20 CementManufacturing
110 2 5000 10
21 Lead acidbatteries
90 5 2500 12.5
22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 80
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S.No Industry type AreaAcres
App.No ofunits
Approx.Power
requirement/unit (kVA)
Power(MVA)
23 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 124 Waste oil/
drumsprocessingunits
50 5 250 1.25
25 Solventrecovery units
55 5 500 2.5
26 CETP 70 4 5000 2027 Industrial
gases/ Isolatedstorage
95 5 700 3.5
28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75Total 2973.77 219 369
2.7.9 Man powerThe manpower requirement during the construction phase for development of infrastructure
facilities is estimated to be 600 nos.
Upon full establishment of the Industrial park, the approximate man power estimated is 7000
nos.
2.7.10 Energy conservation measures
It is proposed to provide solar lighting for street lights and also for open spaces.
Apart from this, it is proposed to provide CFL/ LEDs for common facilities.
APIIC will also insist on providing solar lighting CFLs to the individual industries
wherever applicable.
2.8 Project CostThe project cost is estimated to be Rs.130,575 Lakhs and the detailed cost break up for the
project is given in Table 2-13.
Table 2-13 Project costS. No Description Rs. Lakhs
1 Survey 5000
2 Greenery & fencing 10000
3 Roads 35000
4 Street Lamps 22000
5 Storm water Drain 34000
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2.9 Project Implementation ScheduleThe project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for
Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36
Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The
tentative project schedule is given in Table 2-14.
Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule
S.No. TASKMonths
1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 361 Construction of
Roads2 Construction of
Storm waterDrainage
3 Construction ofWater SupplyLine
4 Construction ofEffluent Line
5 CommonFacilities
*Based on the proposals received from the project proponents and allotment of industry, timeframe schedule may extend.
6 Layout Approval 14500
7 Admin Building 75
8 CETP& Others 10000
Total 130,575.00
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CHAPTER-3
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
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3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT3.1 PreambleThis chapter depicts the existing environmental conditions in and around the proposed
project with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) located at Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur
and Pendlimarri mandals of Kadapa (Y.S.R) district, Andhra Pradesh. The primary baseline
data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to November 2016, and
secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government organisations. The
primary baseline data has been generated by M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd,
Chennai, MoEF&CC approved Environmental Testing Laboratory for the following Terrestrial
environmental components.
Terrestrial Environmental Componentsa) Meteorology
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Rainfall
Wind Speed & Direction
Solar Radiationb) Ambient Air Quality
Particulate matter <10 micron size (PM10)
Particulate matter <2.5 micron size (PM2.5)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Lead (Pb)
Ozone (O3)
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzo (a) pyrene (C20H12)
Arsenic (As)
Nickel (Ni)
Ammonia (NH3)c) Ambient Noise Levels
Day equivalent noise levels
Night equivalent noise levelsd) Inland Water Quality
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Groundwater Quality
Surface Water Qualitye) Soil Quality
f) Flora & Fauna (Ecology)
g) Socioeconomic status
3.2 Study AreaThe Administrative unit with in 10 km radius zone comprises of parts of Chennur,
Chinthakommadinne, Kadapa, Kamalapura, Khajipet, Pendlimarry and Vallur mandal of
Kadapa Districts. The study area (10 km radius from the project boundary) lies between N.
Latitudes 14°22’ and 14.38’ and E. Longitude 78°38’ and 78°53’ and forms part of the Survey
of India Toposheet Nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15.The project site is well connected by Rail and
road. Besides these, there is a good network of motorable roads in the study area. The map
showing the study area/PIA for the EIA study is given in Figure 3-1.
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Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area
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3.3 Description of the Study AreaThe Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy is approximately 6 km E of Kadapa town, Kadapa
(Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh.
An overall idea of the study area with reference to the physical conditions are presented for
better understanding in the following sections before proceeding into the section on the
prevailing environmental conditions of the study area.
3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areasThe environmental sensitive areas covering an aerial distance of 10 km PIA from project
boundary is given in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project BoundaryS.No Areas Identity / Name Distance
(Kms)Direction
1 Areas protected
underinternational
conventions,national or
local legislation fortheir
ecological,
landscape,cultural or
other related value.
Ganganapalle Reserve
Forest and Extension
4 South
Pankolda Reserve Forest
and Extension
12 South
Kolumulapalle Reserve
Forest
12 South East
Lankamalla Reserve
Forest and Extension
11 North East
Tummuluru Reserve
Forest and Extension
9 West
2 Areas which are
important orsensitive of
ecological reasons–
wetlands, water courses
orother water bodies,
coastalzone, biospheres,
mountains,forests.
Pennar River 9.5 North
Pendlipenta Hill 12 South East
Palamani Hill 13 South
Pangolda hill ranges 12 South
Lankamalla hill ranges 11 East
Bugga Dam 10.15 South East
3 Routes or facilities used
by the public for access
torecreation or other
tourist,pilgrim areas
National Highway - 18 2.8 East
State Highway - 31 2.4 East
4 a Areas occupied by
sensitive
Yogi Vemanna University Borderi
ng site
SW
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S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance(Kms)
Direction
man made land uses
(Colleges)
KSRM College of
Engineering
0.4 NEE
KLM Womens College of
Engineering
0.45 NEE
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of
Medical Science,
Puttampalli
11 SEE
JMJ College for women 14 SEE
Govt. Polytechnic
College for Women,
Vontimitta
12 East
Sri Venkateswara
Institute of Science and
Technology
1 East
Annamacharya Institute
of Science and
Technology
4 South East
Cuddapha Arts college,
Railway colony
7.2 SEE
4 b Schools Surya High School,
Kamalauram
10 North
West
St . Joseph Junior
College
5 East
Gandhi nagar Municipal
School
7 East
Narayana Concept
School
7 East
4 c Place of worship Devuni Kadapa temple 8.15 East
Chennakesavaswamy
temple, Almaspet,
Kadappa
6 East
Al Hasmi Masjid,
Mariapuram
4.8 East
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S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance(Kms)
Direction
Al Murad Qibla Darga,
Gangapenta
6 East
Zulai Khabee Masjid,
R.K. Nagar, Kadapa
7 East
Grace ministries,
Almaspet, Kadapa
6 East
4 d Community facilitites Bharathi Hospital,
Kadappa
6.5 East
Kadappa Municipal
Stadium
7.7 East
Kadappa Govt. Hospital 8 East
Santhigiri ayurveda and
sidda hospital
7 East
Fathima Medical college
and hospital
3.2 SEE
Corporation waste dump
yard
8 -
3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected AreaEcologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found
within 4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest
and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda
Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest
and extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site. 5,00,295 Hectares of
land is under forest in Kadapa district
The forests of the district are of a dry deciduous type. The overall condition of the forest in
the district is not very good. The only distinction of the forest is that its most important
spaces is the famous pterocaropus santalinus or red sanders. Since this is the only district
of the country in which this species occurs, a positive conserve and extend them has been
evolved. These forests fall under three zones wise those of Teral or Fuel Forests upto an
elevation of hundred feet, Hill Forests or Red Sanders lying between the elevation of 800 and
2000 feet and Shoreaeugenla occupying elevations above 2000 feet.This tract has also been
identified as the forest of Dandaka through which the god king Sreerama and his consort
Seetha wandered during their 14 years of exile.
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The district is blessed with a series of beautiful valleys through which holy rivers like Pinakini
(Pennar), Papaghni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Cheyyeru cut across the district giving the land
sanctity of their own.The river Penna is the most important river flowing right through the
District whose legend is incorporated in a sasanam (inscription) at Gandikota.
The Seshachalam range of hills that pass through this district and is crowned ultimately with
the holy shrine of Tirumala in Chittoor District forms part of the central portion of Eastern
Ghats.The Eastern Ghats don't possess structural continuity. The hill ranges part
themselves from the orographical knot, dividing Settigunta reserve forest and the Balapalle
reserve forest. Ecologically sensitive areas from the project location are shown in Figure3-2.
Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius
3.6 Physical ConditionsIn this section, the physical conditions of PIA district Kadapa (Y.S.R) are discussed in
general and wherever possible references to the conditions prevailing in the study area in
particular are also provided. The physical conditions are discussed as under: District profile
Drainage, land use, geology, Physiography
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Natural resources
Climatic conditions, seismic zone characteristics and natural hazards
3.6.1 PIA District ProfileKadapa district (officially: YSR Kadapa district) is one of the 13 districts in the Indian state
of Andhra Pradesh. It is also one of the 4 districts in the Rayalaseema region of the
state. Kadapa District occupies an area of 15,938 square kilometres (6,154 sq mi),
comparatively equivalent to Canada's Prince Patrick Island.
The main rivers in the district are Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papagni, Bahuda and
Cheyyeru. The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is the only district
in the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) that is surrounded by AP districts on all sides. All other
districts are either skirting the Bay of Bengal and/or border neighboring states.
Kadapa District has 3 Revenue Divisions viz., Kadapa, Rajampeta and Jammalamadugu
divisions. The district has 50 mandals under these revenue divisions.It also has Municipal
Corporation of Kadapa and Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu and a Nagar panchayat of
Rajampet.
3.6.2 RainfallThe average annual rainfall of the YSR District (Kadapa) is 710 mm, which ranges from nil
rainfall in January to 137 mm in October. October is the wettest month of the year. The mean
seasonal rainfall distribution is 402.4 mm in southwest monsoon (June-September), 239.1
mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),2.4 mm rainfall in Winter (Jan-Feb) and 65.7 mm in
summer (March – May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 56.7% in
southwest monsoon, 33.7 % in northeast monsoon, 0.34% in winter and 9.3 % in summer.
3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA Districta) Flora & FaunaFlora & Fauna of the study area is provided in section 3.11. Lankamalleswara wild life
sanctuary is located 11Km away from the project site. The vegetation in the sanctuary
consists of dry deciduous mixed forest with patches of moist deciduous forests in the valleys.
The area has about 1,500 vascular plant species belonging to 174 families, of which many
are endemic.Some of the rare and endemic plant species
like redsanders, Shorea talura, Shorea thumburggaia, Terminaliapallida, sandalwood, Cycas
beddomei,Syzygiumalternifolium, Psilotum nudum occur in this region.
About 178 species of birds from this sanctuary have been identified. The globally
threatened yellow-throated bulbul is seen here. Grey-fronted green pigeon, a bird of
theHimalayas and the Western Ghats is quite common in these forests. The critically
endangered Oriental white-backed vulture is found in the national park. Some of the other
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birds found here are:large hawk-cuckoo, blue-faced malkoha, yellow-browed bulbul, Indian
scimitar-babbler and Loten's sunbird.Flora and fauna of PIA are discussed in section 3.11.
b) Forest ResourcesThe total forest area in the district is 5,05,495 hectares which constitute 32.87% of the total
geographical area of the district. Among the forest produces 'prerocarpus santallinus'
otherwise known as Red Sandals is the foremost product. District is having export potential
and it needs to be explored for commercial exploitation. Softwood is also available for the
manufacture of wooden combs and toys. The other forest produces available are timber, fuel,
wood and bamboos. The minor forest produce consists of Beedi leaves, Thangedu and
Relabarks, Tooki leaves, Nux-Vonica seed, soap nuts etc.The forest wealth has helped to
establish many number of saw mills, wooden furniture manufacturing and bamboo basket
making industries in the district. There is scope for starting artist products based on Red
Sandar and soft wood besides some more industries based on minor products.
c) IrrigationThe important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in
NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are
intermittent in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and
parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control. About
21,758 ha area is irrigated by canals while 4,168 ha. and 1,29,983 ha. are irrigated
throughdug wells and bore wells respectively. It has ground water resources of 1.05 lakh
ham.
Irrigation in the district is through major, medium and minor irrigation projects. There are 4
major, 5 medium irrigation projects in the district. The major irrigation projects are 1)
Kurnool- canal 2) TBPHLC Stage-I, 3) TBP HLC Stage-II (Mylavaram) and 4) Pulivendula
Branch canal with a total ayacut of 2,27,896 acres. The five medium irrigation projects are 1)
Lower Sagilru Project 2) Upper SagileruProject 3) Pincha Project 4) Buggavanka Project and
5) Annamayya Project with a total ayacut of 55,625acres. The area irrigated during the year
2010-11 through these canals is 27,305 Ha., and through ground water is 1,22,781
Ha.,Irrigation from the other sources (1,125 ha.) and through tanks 8,042 Ha.
d) Agricultural ResourcesIn PIA Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district. Paddy is the main
crops cultivated in the district. Table 3-2indicates the major crops grown in the Kadapa
district.
Major Field Crops cultivated: Paddy, Groundnut, Red gram, Cotton, Bengal grametc.
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Horticulture crops:Turmeric, Onion,Sunflower, Chillies, Coriander,sugarcane,
Vegetables and Chrysanthemum etc.‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special
crops. They are cultivated near river bed.
Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the DistrictCrops Area (Ha) Out-turn (tons)
Paddy/Rice 53,896 1,58,660
Jowar 13,154 5,941
Bengal Gram 90,366 74,913
Red Gram (Tuar) 9,079 2,270
Sunflower 62,079 39,749
Groundnut 57,057 60,517
Cotton 28,819 48,314
Mangoes 19,212 1,11,583
(Source: Dept.of Agriculture 2011-12)
e) Poultry and LivestockThe total poultry population in the district is 15, 68, 961. There is significant progress in
respect of poultry development. A number of private poultry farms are functioning in the
district and there is tremendous development in respect of Eggs production in the district.
The poultry centers are not only meeting the requirements of the people of the district and
also eggs are being exported to the other places like Mumbai, Chennai etc. The District is
rich in Bonie population with 15.97 lakh animals, cattle account for 2.90 lakhs while Buffaloes
account for 4.16 lakhs &, sheep and goats are of the order of 4.87 lakhs and 3.83 lakhs
respectively. Similarly, the poultry population in the district is 15.68 lakhs. One of the major
milk based project at Proddatur besides two milk chilling centres one at Rajampet and the
other at Pulivendula have come up in the district. Livestock population of Kadapa District is
presented in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa DistrictS. No Item Population (Lakhs)
1999 2003 2007 20121. Cattle 106.02 94.24 112.23 95.96
2. Buffaloes 96.58 107.68 132.72 106.23
3. Sheep 97.43 210.15 255.39 263.96
4. Goat 52.13 64.27 96.26 90.71
5. Total Bovines 202.60 201.92 244.95 202.19
6. Poultry 633.96 1005.80 1239.85 1613.34
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(Source Dept. of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Andhra Pradesh)
f) Mineral ResourcesThe District is rich in Minerals value. The high-grade asbestos of Chrysotile variety, Berytis
and Lime Stone suitable for manufacture of cement are present in the district in large
quantities. It also possesses important deposits of white clay, small deposits of small iron
ore, ochre and steatite and abounds in construction material. There are old workings for
diamond and Lead in the district. The Major Minerals in the District are Berytis, Lime Stone
and Asbestos. Apart from Major Minerals, Minor Minerals are Napa Slabs, Road Metal,
Building Stone, Marble, Mosaic Chips and Rehmatti are also in the District. Mineral map of
Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure3-3 and Production of Minerals is represented in the Table3-4..
Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12S.No. Name Of Mineral Production in Tones (2011-2012)Major Mineral1. Barites’ 7,58,786 M.T2 Iron ore 5,15,349 MT3 White clay 41,422 M.T4 Quartz 41,422 M.T5 Dolomite 25,412 M.T6 Lime stone ( c grade) 96,83,300 M.T7 Feldspar 10,200 M.T8 Asbestos 274 M.T9 Yellow oak red 87,935 M.TMinor Mineral1 Sand 80,000 C.M.T2. Napa slabs 6,25,844 Sq.mtr.3. Mosaic chips 2,450 M.T4. Gravel 4,500 MT
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Source:- Statistical Abstract, Govt of AP, 2011
Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh
3.6.4 Land Use & Land CoverThe total geographical area of the district is 15354.7 Sq.km of this 36.50% is agriculture area
while 32.11% is forest area. The rest is distributed among "Barren, uncultivable land, Built-
up, Waste land and Water bodies" about 25.13% and "Land on fallow" is about 6.26%. Out of
these areas, the built-up area is1.48%, Industry & Mining area is 0.63%, Waste land is
32.49% and water bodies covered 5.75% as per May 2014.Details of land use/land cover for
the Kadapa district are given inTable 3-5.Land Use of Kadapa District is given inFigure 3-4.
Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statisticsS.No Main Category Sub Category Area in
Sq.kmArea in
%1 Built-up Urban 77.5 0.51
Rural 149.0 0.97
2 Built- Industry 28.6 0.19
Project Site
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S.No Main Category Sub Category Area inSq.km
Area in%
up/Industries/Mine Mining/Quarry 68.2 0.44
3 Aquaculture - 0.0 0.0
4 Fallow - 961.1 6.26
5Agriculture
Land crop 5347.3 34.82
Plantation 257.6 1.68
6 Forest
Deciduous Forest 3393.9 22.10
Evergreen Forest 0.0 0.0
Mangrove Forest 0.0 0.0
Forest Plantation 10.1 0.07
Scrub Forest 1366.7 8.90
Tree Clad Area 159.5 1.04
Grass land 0.0 0.0
Shifting
Cultivation
0.0 0.0
7 Waste Lands
Barren Rocky 261.5 1.70
Gullied/Ravinous
Land
10.4 0.07
Salt Affected
Land
32.4 0.21
Sandy Area 1.2 0.01
Scrub Land 2346.7 15.28
8 Water Bodies
Canal/Drain 33.1 0.22
Reservoir/Tanks 527.0 3.43
River/Stream 323.1 2.10
Lakes/Ponds 0.0 0.0
9 WetlandsInland Wetlands 0.0 0.0
Coastal Wetlands 0.0 0.0
Total 15354.7 100
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Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district
a) Land Use Pattern of the Study AreaLand Use Pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-5. Land Use/Land Cover statistics of
10Km radius of the study area is given in Table 3-6. LULC map of the study area is given in
Figure3-6.Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area
S.No Land use Area inSq.Km
Area inAcres
Area inHa
Area inpercentage
1. Crop Land 354.07 87492.60 35407 65.18
Projec Site
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Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area
2. Fallow Land 54.7 13516.66 5470 10.07
3. Water body 43.56 10763.91 4356 8.02
4. Built-up Land
(Urban/rural)
24.07 5947.82 2407 4.43
5. Land with Scrub 20.16 4981.64 2016 3.71
6. Scrub Forest 18.89 4667.82 1889 3.48
7. Deciduous Forest 14.36 3548.43 1436 2.64
8. Plantation 6.17 1524.64 617 1.13
9. Mining & others 4.4 1087.26 440 0.81
10. Salt Affected area 1.19 294.05 119 0.22
11. Forest Plantation 0.95 234.75 95 0.18
12. Barren Land / Rocky
Land
0.75 185.32 75 0.14
Total 543.27 134244.9 54327 100
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. Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area
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As per the land use map, major part of the project site is covered by fallow land and some
part by crop land
3.6.5 TopographyY.S.R. District is also considered to be one of the district endowed withrich history are
minerals Flora & Fauna. Hyder Ali, Tippu Sulthan,Sivaji, Krishnadevaraya and Pratapa Rudra
are some of the namesassociated with the History of tract. The district is blessed with a
series ofbeautiful valleys through which Papagni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Penna, Cheyyeru
Rivers flow. The river Penna is the most important riverflowing right through the District and
its story is incorporated in asasanam (inscription) at Gandikota. The Seshachalam range of
hillspasses through this district and is crowned ultimately with the holy shrineof Tirumala in
Chittoor District. Thus Y.S.R. District tract is associatedwith such holy rivers and hills have
been considered a holy land. Contour map of study area is given inFigure 3-7. Physical map
of Andhra Pradesh State is given inFigure 3-8. Digital Elevation Model of Atudy area is given
in Figure 3-9. As per the Model the elevation of project site is 140-170m along the south side
and along the northern most part it is 110-140 m
Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area
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Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh
Project Site
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Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area
3.6.6 Geology of PIA DistrictThe YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types belong to Late Archaean or
Early Proterozoic era which are succeeded by rocks of Dharwarian Age and both are
traversed by dolerite dykes. The older rocks are overlain by rocks of Cuddapah Super group
and Kurnool Group belonging to Middle and Upper Proterozoic Age. The Cuddapah
Sedimentary Basin, which is a huge depression formed over the denuded surfaces of older
rocks extending into neighbouring districts occupies the major part of the district. The major
rock types are quartzites, shales, limestones, phyllites, granites, granodiorites and granite
gneiss. The Archaean comprises the Peninsular Gneissic Complex, represented by granite,
granodiorite, granite-gneiss and migmatite. These rock types occur in the southwestern part
of the district. Both the Archaean and Dharwar are traversed by dolerite dykes and quartz
reefs. Alluvium consisting of gravel, sand, silt and clay occur along the river courses in the
district.Geology map of the Study area is given in Figure 3-10.
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Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study AreaGeologically the study area (10 km radius) comprises of the following rock types.
Bairenkonda Quartzite, Banaganapalle Quartzine Conglamorate, Gulcheru
Quartzites,Koilakuntla Limestone, Koilkuntla / Karji Limestone, Nandyal Pink Shale, Nandyal
Shales; Narji-Flaggy Limestone, Pulivendla Quartzites, Sand / Silt, Shale with Phyllites,
Vempalli Limestone.
The project site shale is located in Nandyal Shales.
3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA DistrictGeomorphologically, YSR District (Kadapa) has been classified into three units based on
relief, slopefactor and soil. The three groups are (i) Structural land forms (ii) Denudational
land forms and (iii) fluvial land forms.
i) The structural landforms: These include structural hills, structural valleys,
cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee, linear ridges, intermontane valleys etc. These
landforms occupy in considerable partand are mostly developed in eastern
part. The structural hills, cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee are generallynot suitable for
ground water development. The structural valleys and intermontane valleys
aregenerally suitable for ground water development with good recharge.
ii) Denudational land forms: These include pediplain, pediment- inselberg
complex. Piedmont zoneand residual hills. The ground water prospects are
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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limited in shallow weathered pedipline andpediment inselberg complex, where
as ground water prospects are moderate in moderatelyweathered pediplain.
iii) Fluvial land forms: These include alluvial plains along major rivers and
Bazada zones. Flood plainsform highly productive zones, while Bazada forms
along foot hills and form shallow aquifers withgood yields.
3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA DistrictThe YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types of different age groups ranging
fromArchaean to Recent. These rocks consists mostly granite gneisses, migmatites and
generally lack primary porosity. However, development of secondary porosity through
weathering and fracturing gives scope for occurrence of ground water. Ground water occurs
under unconfined conditions in weathered portion and under semi-confined conditions in
joints and fractures. The ground water in weathered zone is developed by large diameter (6
m) dug wells and dug-cum-bore wells. The thickness of the weathered zone is generally
upto 10 m in most of the area. During the rainy season, these wells sustain pumping around
4 hrs. in a day in two spells and yields 20 to 60 cu.m/day in rainy season. However, during
the Rabi season, most of the wells are likely to yield less i.e., 5 to 20 cu.m/day and in drought
years, likely to be dried up.
The ground water in fractured portion is developed through construction of shallow/deep bore
wells. Central Ground Water Board has carried out ground water exploration at the locations
from depth ranging 107.20 to 200 m bgl. The drilling data reveals that fracture zones were
encountered at various depths ranging from 8.00 to 145.80 m bgl. However, generally, the
potential fractures were encountered between 20 and 100 m bgl. The cumulative yield of
fracture zones varies from 0.1 to 4.9 lps. However, general yield of bore wells was found to
be between 1 to 3 lps sometimes even more depending upon the fractured zone
encountered in the bore well. Hydrogeology map of PIA district is given inFigure 3-11.
As per the Hydrogeology map, the yield potential at the project site is from 2-6 lps.
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Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study areaThe important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in
NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are
imtermittant in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and
parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control.
Surface water plays a major role in irrigation when compared to the ground water source.
The project site is located among number of streams. There is a major river Pennar within 10
km of the project site. However, a Pirchipadu Vanka is in north side of project boundary.
The drainage of the study area is mostly controlled by the structural features. Among the
different drainage pattern the noteworthy are sub-parallel. Streams flowing in the low lying
tracts have been bounded on one side and serve as storagetanks for collection of rain water.
The rivers and streams are forms part of the major recharge system. Important water bodies
within 10 Km radius are Madhimadugu Vanka, Pirchipadu Vanka, Kamalapuram Lake and
ProjectSite
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Penna River. There is a Papagni river mid of site along the north east & south west direction.
Drainage map of the study area is given in Figure 3-12.
Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area1) Penneru River - North – 9 km
2) Pirchipadu Vanka- North west – 2 Km
3) Maddimadugu Vanka- East – 1.5 Km
4) Chinnagadi Vanka- East – 5 Km
3.6.10 Soils in PIA DistrictKadapa district is endowed mainly with red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from poor
to medium.Soil Map of Kadapa District is given in Figure 3-13 and of study area is given in
Figure 3-14.
Red Soilsoccupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty, Rajampet, Pulivendla and
Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status.
Black soilscomprise of 45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally
associated with clay content. They are located in Muddanur, Jammalamadugu, Proddatur,
Mydukur, Pulivendla and Kamalapuram divisions.
The remaining 1 % area is occupied by problematic soils. The extents under different soil
type are given below:
1. Red soils: 218, 812 ha (54%)
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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2. Black soils: 182, 344 ha (45%)
3. Problematic soils: 4, 053 ha (1%)
Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District
Project Site
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area
As per the map, the soils in the study area are classified into 7 types. The soil map of the
study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning,
Nagpur.The soil type of the study area is of following types.
1-Deep calcarious black soils
2-Red calcarious gravelly clay soils
3-Red calyey soils
4-Red shale Calcarious gravelly loamy soil
5-Red shale, Gravelly loam Soils
6-Red shall gravelly clay soils
7-Rock lands
Red clayey soils occupy 40 % of the study area. The Project site lies in the same soil.
3.6.11 Physiography of Study AreaThe district has an irregular landscape with a number of hill ranges and hills with intervening
valleys and high lands. The highest elevation is 1108 m amsl. The important hill ranges are
Velikonda, Nallamalais, Yerramalai, Palakonda and Lankamalai are trending in NW-SE or E-
W direction.
The general elevation of the study area ranges from 130 m to 160 m above MSL. The
elevation contour indicates the area is sloping towards south. Relatively higher elevation is
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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observed in the south western side of the project site. Isolated hill of relatively higher altitude
are noticed in the study area of 10km radius. A linear Ridge is observed in the northern side
of the study area at distance of 4.5 km. The project site has a elevation variation of 13-150 m
on the northern part and 140-170m on the southern part. The slope moves South West to
North East direction. Physiography Map of Study area is given Figure 3-15..
Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal ErosionKadapa is facing the brunt of moderate to high damage risk floods. Floods are associated
with cloud bursts, cyclones or depressions in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. As per
India wind and cyclone hazard map Kadapa district is falling under Moderate damage risk
zone. India wind and cyclone hazard Map is given in Figure 3-16.
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India3.6.13 SeismicityAs per the IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002 of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the project
location/study area falls in Zone II, which is categorised as a Low risk zone. The seismicity
map of India is shown in Figure 3-17.
Project Site
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India
3.7 Air EnvironmentBaseline ambient air quality assessment gives the status in the vicinity of site and is an
indispensable part of environmental impact assessment studies. Significant changes, in
predominant winds and weather conditions are observed in winter, summer and post-
monsoon seasons apart from the local topographic influences. The baseline status of air
environment in the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance
programme.
Project Site
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3.7.1 Meteorological ConditionsThe regional air quality is influenced by the meteorology of that region. The principal weather
parameters that influence the concentration of the air pollutants in the surroundings are wind
speed, wind direction and temperature. The meteorological data is useful for proper
interpretation of the baseline data. It is used as input for air quality dispersion models for
predicting the post project environmental scenario i.e. ground level concentrations due to
proposed utilities like boiler & DG sets, etc.
3.7.2 Meteorological Data CollectionAvailable secondary data pertaining to the meteorological parameters was obtained from the
IMD Climatalogical tables. In addition, baseline meteorological data (primary data) was
generated during the Post-monsoon Season (Sep to Nov 2016). The methodology adopted
for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) i.e. IS:8829 and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).
3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD DataThe nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is
Tirupati. The Climatological data for Tirupati (13 04’ N and 79o 23’ E), published by the IMD,
based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in
the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly variations
of the relevant meteorological parameters are reproduced inTable 3-7.
Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000)
Month
Temp (oC)Rainfall
(mm)
RelativeHumidity
(%)
Station LevelPressure
hPaMeanWind
Speed(m/s)
PredominantWind Directions
(From)*Dail
yMax.
Daily
Min.Total
No.of
days08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30
Jan 29.9 18.7 17.9 0.9 78 54 20.9 19.9 2.5 SW NE
Feb 32.8 20.1 17.8 0,9 73 45 22.0 19.4 2.5 SW NE
Mar 36.7 22.6 2.2 0.4 68 37 24.4 19.4 2.7 SW NE
Apr 39.3 26.2 12.9 0.9 64 36 27.7 21.5 3.0 SW S
May 40.3 27.9 44.7 2.4 58 38 27.0 22.6 2.8 SW E
Jun 37.8 27.2 76.1 4.6 58 45 25.6 24.2 2.8 SW W
Jul 35.7 25.9 127.1 8.6 66 51 26.3 25.1 2.3 SW W
Aug 34.8 25.5 137.4 8.1 68 53 26.3 25.6 2.3 SW W
Sep 34.8 25.1 139.5 7.0 71 57 27.0 26.0 1.9 SW NW
Oct 32.7 23.5 152.2 7.4 76 64 27.0 26.0 2.0 SW NE
Nov 30.1 21.7 260.2 9.7 79 68 25.1 24.7 2.6 NE NE
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Month
Temp (oC)Rainfall
(mm)
RelativeHumidity
(%)
Station LevelPressure
hPaMeanWind
Speed(m/s)
PredominantWind Directions
(From)*Dail
yMax.
Daily
Min.Total
No.of
days08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30
Dec 28.9 19.9 146.0 5.7 80 65 22.6 22.3 2.9 NE NE
Max. 40.3 27.9 2.2 0.4 80 68 27.7 19.4
Min. 28.9 18.7 260.2 8.6 58 36 20.9 26.0
Avg. 34.5 23.7 1133.9 56.6 70 51 25.1 23.0 2.5
As per the above Climatological table the observations drawn for the study period are the
following. Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)
are given in Figure 3-18.
Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily
minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September
and November respectively
Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in
the months of September to November respectively
Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded in
the months of September and November respectively
Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm
Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s
and 1.9 m/s.
Predominant wind direction is SW.
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Summer –(March-May) Monsoon –(June-September)
Post Monsoon-(October –December) Winter –(January-February)
Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)
3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study PeriodMeteorological scenario in and around the project site is an essential requirement during
study period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. Site-specific
meteorological data was collected during the study period post monsoon season, 2016
(September – November 2016 three months). Automatic weather station was installed at
project site to record the meteorological parameters during the study period. Meteorological
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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parameters recorded include temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, solar
radiation and rainfall. The location is chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of
wind and sunlight. The hourly meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature
and solar radiation were recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on
eight hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind
rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16 hrs, 16-24 hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as
shown in subsequent sections. The overall wind pattern recorded for 01.00 – 24.00 hours
during the study period is given in Figure 3-19.
September 2016 October 2016
November 2016
Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16)
a) Atmospheric InversionAtmospheric inversion level at the project site was monitored; the results observed at the site
during the study period are as follows
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Average atmospheric temperature : 27.9ºC
Average Relative humidity : 75%
Average Wind speed : 2.1 m/s
The daily inversion level calculated based on the average temperature and average wind
speed at the project site and the maximum inversion height is derived by the graph plotted
based on the average temperature and average wind speed. The daily inversion level at the
project site varies from 0 to 1250m during 6 AM to 5 PM, the maximum recorded at 5 PM.
This is shown inFigure 3-20.
Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights
b) Observations during Study PeriodThe meteorological data collected during monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline
status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modelling
studies. Meteorology data for the Study Period (September – November, 2016) is given in
Table 3-8.
Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016)S. No Parameter Observation
1. Temperature Min. Temperature : 21.70C
Max. Temperature : 34.80C
Avg. Temperature : 27.9 0C
2. Relative Humidity Range 57 to 79%
3. Average Wind Speed 2.1 m/s
4. Predominant Wind Direction NE
Source: IMD observatory data (1970-2000)3.7.5 Ambient Air QualityThe selection criteria for monitoring locations are based on the following:
Topography/Terrain
Meteorological conditions
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Residential and sensitive areas within the study area
Representatives of regional background air quality/pollution levels and
Representation of likely impacted areas
3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring StationsTo evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, Eight (08) monitoring locations have
been identified by considering annual wind pattern. Annual Wind blows from South West to
North East. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-21and the details of
the locations are given in Table 3-9.
Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring LocationsStationCode
Location Type ofWind
Lat longs Distance(km) fromProjectboundary
AzimuthDirections
A1 Project Site - 14°30'28.25"N,78°44'17.68"E
-- Within Site
A2 Thollaganganapalle d/w 14°32'0.68"N,78°45'36.77"E
2.56 NE
A3 Ambavaram c/w 14°31'9.95"N,78°43'27.48"E
1.16 NW
A4 Baligi palli c/w 14°25'32.79"N,78°50'14.18"E
8.83 SE
A5 Putha chinnayapalle c/w 14°34'9.15"N,78°43'17.98"E
5.87 N
A6 Rampathadu u/w 14°27'5.50"N,78°39'39.76"E
4.2 SW
A7 Vellatur c/w 14°31'22.79"N,78°38'44.38"E
7.16 W
A8 Paidikalva c/w 14°31'22.84"N,78°38'48.21"E
9.36 NNW
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Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and FrequencyAmbient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season (shall cover 12
weeks), i.e. during Post Monsoon season (September to November, 2016).
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, NH3, C6H6, C20H12, As, Ni were monitored on 24 hourly basis and
O3 and CO were monitored on eight hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring guidelines at each location. Analytical methods
used for analysis of parameters are given in Table 3-10
Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality ParametersS.No Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009 Sampling
Time
1.Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2), μg/m3
IS:5182(Part-2):2001
(Reaff:2006)
50 (Annual) 80
(24 Hours)
24 Hours
2.Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2), μg/m3
IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 2006 40 (Annual) 80
(24 Hours)
24 Hours
3.Particulate Matter
(PM2.5), μg/m3
IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 2006 40 (Annual) 60
(24 hours)
24 Hours
4.Particulate Matter
(PM10), μg/m3
IS:5182 (Part– 23): 2006 60 (Annual) 100
(24 hours)
24 Hours
5.CO μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–10):1999
(Reaff:2006)
2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 8 Hours
6.Pb μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004
(Reaff:2006)
0.5(Annual) 1(24 hours) 24 Hours
7. O3, μg/m3 IS: 5182 (Part – 9): 1974 100(8hours) 180 (1hour) 8 Hours
8.
NH3, μg/m3 APHA(air) 2nd edition
(Indophenol-blue
method)
100(Annual) 400
(24 hours)
24 Hours
9.Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–11):1999
(RA:2009)
5 (Annual) 5 (Annual) 24 Hours
10.Benzo (a) pyrene,
ng/m3
IS:5182(Part–
12):2004(RA:2009)
1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 24 Hours
11. Arsenic, ng/ m3 APHA (air) 2nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 24 Hours
3.7.8 Results and DiscussionsThe variations of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As &
Ni are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), MoEF&CC
Notification, November, 2009. Ambient Air Quality monitoring data (September to November,
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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2016) for the study area is given in Table 3-11and graphically presented, trend of measured
Ambient Concentrations in the Study Area is given from Table 3-12 to Table 3-17 and
Figure 3-22 to 3-27.
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Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants
S.No Location NameSO2
(µg/m3)NO2
(µg/m3)PM2.5
(µg/m3
PM10
(µg/m3
Pb(µg/m3)
CO(mg/m3)
O3
(µg/m3)NH3
(µg/m3)Benzen(µg/m3)
Benzo(a)
pyrene(ng/m3)
Arsenic(As)
(ng/m3)
Nickel(Ni)
(ng/m3)
1. Project Site 13.20 27.99 27.29 58.22 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.015 11.60 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
2. Thollaganganapalle 12.38 27.16 25.19 54.35 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.011 10.60 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
3. Ambavaram 14.03 28.81 25.19 56.38 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.014 11.00 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
4. Baligi palli 15.68 26.34 26.43 55.26 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.013 12.00 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
5. Putha chinnayapalle 11.55 24.70 25.19 52.07 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.012 12.60 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
6. Rampathadu 12.38 23.05 22.10 51.34 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.009 10.20 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
7. Vellatur 15.68 27.16 24.08 50.15 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.016 11.20 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
8. Paidikalva 15.68 25.52 26.30 53.24 BDL
(DL 0.05)
0.012 10.80 BDL
(DL 5)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 1)
BDL
(DL 5)
Note: BDL (Below detectable limit), DL (Detectable limit
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Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data
S.No Location NamePM10Concentration µg/m³
Minimum µg/m3 Maximum,µg/m3
Average,µg/m3
98thPercentile
1. Project Site 51.2 66.4 58.27 65.57
2. Thollaganganapalle 50.2 62.1 54.35 61.78
3. Ambavaram 45.3 63.6 56.39 63.14
4. Baligi palli 51.2 60.8 55.26 60.52
5.Putha
chinnayapalle 46.5 60.3 51.6 60.25
6. Rampathadu 41.2 58.9 51.35 58.9
7. Vellatur 46.5 53.3 50.11 53.25
8. Paidikalva 45.3 67.8 53.22 67.2
Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area
Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data
S.No LocationPM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3
Minimumµg/m3
Maximum,µg/m3
Average,µg/m3
98th
Percentile
1 Project Site 17.10 31.60 27.29 31.42
2 Thollaganganapalle 21.60 30.00 25.19 29.82
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3 Ambavaram 20.80 30.20 25.19 30.11
4 Baligi palli 24.10 30.20 26.43 29.92
5Putha
chinnayapalle 18.60 32.2025.19
31.19
6 Rampathadu 17.10 24.80 22.10 24.71
7 Vellatur 18.20 30.20 24.08 29.46
8 Paidikalva 21.30 30.20 26.30 29.74
Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area
Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data
S.No LocationSO2 Concentration, µg/m3
Minimumµg/m3
Maximum,µg/m3
Average,µg/m3
98thPercentile
1 Project Site 9.9 16.8 13.27 16.34
2 Thollaganganapalle 8.8 15.8 12.28 15.57
3 Ambavaram 9.02 16.8 13.98 16.75
4 Baligi palli 10.3 18.7 15.67 18.65
5Putha
chinnayapalle 8.4 14.7 11.45 14.65
6 Rampathadu 7.4 18.6 12.31 18.14
7 Vellatur 13.2 18.8 15.64 18.71
8 Paidikalva 10.3 22.4 15.68 22.35
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Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area
Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data
S.No Location
NO2 Concentration, µg/m3
Minimumµg/m3
Maximumµg/m3
Averageµg/m3
98th
Percentile
1 Project Site 16.5 34.3 27.76 33.99
2 Thollaganganapalle 23.9 33.5 27.03 32.86
3 Ambavaram 24.1 33.4 28.9 33.31
4 Baligi palli 22.2 30.5 26.35 30.45
5 Putha chinnayapalle 19.6 32.2 24.7 32.15
6 Rampathadu 18.4 26.8 23.03 26.2
7 Vellatur 23.9 33.5 27.14 32.86
8 Paidikalva 18.3 33.5 25.52 32.86
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Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area
Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data
S.No Location
CO Concentration, mg/m3
Minimummg/m3
Maximummg/m3
Averagemg/m3
98th
Percentile
1 Project Site 0.005 0.018 0.015 0.018
2 Thollaganganapalle 0.003 0.016 0.011 0.016
3 Ambavaram 0.008 0.019 0.014 0.019
4 Baligi palli 0.001 0.019 0.013 0.019
5 Putha chinnayapalle 0.001 0.018 0.012 0.018
6 Rampathadu 0.001 0.018 0.009 0.017
7 Vellatur 0.003 0.1 0.016 0.08
8 Paidikalva 0.001 0.018 0.012 0.018
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Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area
Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data
S.No Location
O3 Concentration, μg/m3
Minimumμg/m3
Maximumμg/m3
Averageμg/m3
98th
Percentile
1 Project Site 8.4 14.7 11.58 14.65
2 Thollaganganapalle 8.4 13 10.62 13.05
3 Ambavaram 9.2 15.8 11.03 15.34
4 Baligi palli 9.2 15.8 12.01 15.57
5 Putha chinnayapalle 8.9 20.2 12.63 19.37
6 Rampathadu 8.6 14 10.31 13.08
7 Vellatur 9.2 14.7 11.2 13.92
8 Paidikalva 7.4 16.8 10.95 16.8
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 89
Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area
3.7.9 ObservationsMaximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni
are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and
Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.
3.8 Noise EnvironmentThe prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of
all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient
noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities.
Ambient noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at eight (08)locations in and around 10Km distance from project area during September to November,
2016 using precision noise level meter. The noise monitoring locations in the study area
were selected after giving due consideration to the various land use categories. The land use
categories include commercial, residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were
recorded on an hourly basis for one complete day at each location using pre- calibrated
noise levels. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-28
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 90
Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations
3.8.1 Results and DiscussionsBased on the recorded hourly noise levels at each monitoring location, the day equivalent
(Ld) and night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;
Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours.
Ln: Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours.
The Day-Night (Ldn) equivalent noise levels were calculated using the US Environmental
Protection Agency formula:
Ldn = 10 Log [0.0416 {16 (10Ld/10) + 8 (10Ln+10/10)}]The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with
the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in
the Table 3-18
Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise LevelsS.No
LocationLocation
CodeDistance(km) from
AzimuthDirection
Noise levelin dB(A) Leq
CPCBStandard
Environmental Setting
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 91
Projectboundary
Day NightLday
(Ld)LNight
(Ln)
1. Project Site N1 --Within
Site75 68 75 70
Industrial
2.Thollagangan
apalleN2 2.3 N 66 54 65 55
Commercial
3. Ambavaram N3 1.1 SE 56 47 55 45 Residential
4. Baligi palli N4 8.8 S 64 57 65 55 Commercial
5.Putha
chinnayapalleN5 5.6 N 68 57 65 55
Commercial
6. Rampathadu N6 4.2 NW 54 48 55 45 Residential
7. Vellatur N7 7.1 NW 59 44 55 45 Residential
8. Paidikalva N8 9.3 NE 78 73 75 70 Industrial
3.8.2 ObservationsIt is observed that the day equivalent and night equivalent noise levels at all locations are
within prescribed CPCB standards
Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)
Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A).
The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels were
slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones noise levels are slightly
exceeded the limit prescribed by MoEF&CC.
3.9 Water Environment3.9.1 Surface Water ResourcesThe YSR District (Kadapa) is drained by Pennar river and its chief tributaries are
cheyyair,Papaghni, Chitravati, Sagileru and Kunderu. Pincha and Mandavi are minor
streams. About 21,758 ha area is irrigated by the representative surface water sampling
locations have been chosen. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to ascertain the
location of water bodies viz streams, rivers, lakes etc. The sampling stations were chosen
based on the existing pollution sources near these water bodies and threat of pollution in the
future. The region receives rainfall predominantly during monsoon season with an average
annual rainfall of about 675 mm per year. The List of major water bodies nearby project site
is given inTable 3-19Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius
S.No Name of the Water bodies Distance Direction1 Lake Near Ambavaram
village
2.32 NW
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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2 LakeNear Viswanathapuram
Village
6.86 ESE
3 Lake Near Cherlopalle Village 3.93 SE
4 Lake Near Utukur Village 4.09 ESE
5 Devuni Kadapa Lake 6.21 E
6 Lake Near
Thollaganganapalle Village
0.36 E
7 Lake Near Kumaraumipalle
Village
9.37 NW
8 Lake Near Lebaka village 5.05 NW
9 Lake Near Kopprthy 0.61 -
10 Lake Near Vallur 4.64 N
11 Lake Near Kamaparthy 8.29 NE
12 Lake Near Chinnakampalle 9.75 SSE
13 Lake Near Jamalpalle 8.21 SE
14 Lake Near Rayalapanthupalle 1.76 SE
15 Lake Near Nagireddypalle 9.60 SE
3.9.1.1. Surface Water Quality AssessmentTo establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling
locations for surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have been
selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate survey of
the project area. Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters is given in
Table 3-20.
Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters
S. No Parameter Measured Test Method
1 pH (at 25°C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)
2 Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)
3 Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
4 Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
5 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009)
6 Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) 1991
7 Chloride as Cl IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009)
8 Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006)
9 Aluminium as Al IS:3025 (Part - 55) 2003 (Reaff 2009)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 93
S. No Parameter Measured Test Method
10 Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009)
11 Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009)
12 Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009)
13 Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006)
14 Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006)
15 Chemical oxygen demand as O2 IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006
16 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009)
17 Salinity -
18 Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009)
19 BOD,5 days @200C as O2 5210B APHA22nd Edn 2012
20 Total coliform bacteria (MPN/100ml) IS:1622 1981 (Reaff: 2009)
21 F-Coli IS:1622, 1981 (Reaff: 2009)
The prevailing status of water quality at eight sampling locations for ground water and 4
sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November
2016 are presented in Table 3-21. Surface water quality results are provided in Table 3-22.
A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29.
Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations
S.No Name of the Water bodyDistance from
Project Boundary
Direction fromproject
boundary1 Near Ambavaram Lake 2.32 NW
2 Near Viswanathapuram Lake 6.86 ESE
3 Near Cherlopalle lake 3.93 SE
4 Near Utukur lake 4.09 ESE
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 94
Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 95
Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results
S.No
Parameters Units SW1AmbavaramLake
SW2ViswanathapuramLake
SW3Cherlopalle lake
SW4Utukurlake
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
1 Source Lake Lake Lake Lake -
2 Color Hazen BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) 5
3 pH - 8.07 8.04 8.11 8.13 6.5-8.5
4 Turbidity NTU 7 BDL (DL
0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)14 1
5 Conductivity µS/cm 344 218 318 310 -
6 Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/l 217 132 215 212 500
7 Total. Alkalinity mg/l 140 52 98 100 200
8 Total Hardness
as CaCO3
mg/l 108 48 100 40 200
9 Calcium mg/l 22.4 7.2 23.2 21.7 75
10 Magnesium mg/l 12.5 4.3 10.1 4.3 30
11 Sodium mg/l 34.0 33.0 45.0 25.0 -
12 Potassium mg/l 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 -
13 Chlorides mg/l 19.0 18.1 21.9 18.5 250
14 Sulphates mg/l 8.1 27.1 27.1 12.6 200
15 Carbonate mg/l - - - - -
16 Bicarbonate mg/l 170.8 63.44 119.56 122 -
17 Nitrates mg/l 3.66 1.84 1.24 2.02 45
18 Fluoride mg/l 0.88 0.57 0.38 BDL
(DL0.05)1.0
19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1
)
BDL(DL1
)
BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) 0.05
20 Phosphate mg/l 0.04 BDL (DL
0.02)
BDL (DL
0.02)
BDL
(DL0.02)-
30 Cyanide mg/l BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)0.05
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 96
S.No
Parameters Units SW1AmbavaramLake
SW2ViswanathapuramLake
SW3Cherlopalle lake
SW4Utukurlake
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
21 Silica mg/l BDL(DL0
.04)
BDL(DL0
.04)
BDL(DL0.
04)
BDL(DL0.
04)-
22 % Sodium % 40.0 64.3 49.1 42.5 -
23 Residual
Sodium
Carbonate
(RSC)
meq/l 0.64 0.32 -0.04 0.56 -
25 Oil & Grease mg/l BDL(DL
4.0)
BDL(DL
4.0)
BDL(DL
4.0)
BDL(DL
4.0)-
26 Dissolved
oxygen
mg/l 6.2 5.8 6.1 6 -
27 COD mg/l 6.0 3.5 2.0 7.4 -
28 BOD mg/l 2.0 2.0 BDL ( DL
1.0)3.5 -
29 Arsenic mg/l BDL
(
DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005
)
BDL
(
DL0.005)
BDL
(
DL0.005)
0.01
31 Cadmium BDL(
DL0.01)
BDL(
DL0.01)
BDL(
DL0.01)
BDL(
DL0.01)0.003
32 Chromium mg/l BDL
( DL
0.05)
BDL
( DL
0.05)
BDL
( DL
0.05)
BDL
( DL
0.05)
0.05
33 Copper mg/l 0.011 0.01 0.01 0.014 0.05
34 Iron mg/l 0.48 0.22 0.24 1.43 0.3
35 Lead mg/l BDL( DL
0.1)
BDL( DL
0.1)
BDL( DL
0.1)
BDL( DL
0.1)0.01
36 Manganese mg/l BDL
( DL
0.05)
BDL
( DL
0.05)
BDL
( DL 0.05)
BDL
( DL 0.05)0.1
37 Mercury mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 97
S.No
Parameters Units SW1AmbavaramLake
SW2ViswanathapuramLake
SW3Cherlopalle lake
SW4Utukurlake
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
( DL
0.001)
( DL
0.001)
( DL
0.001)
( DL
0.001)
40 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)0.02
38 Selenium mg/l BDL
( DL
0.005)
BDL
( DL
0.005)
BDL
( DL
0.005)
BDL
( DL
0.005)
0.01
39 Zinc mg/l 0.026 0.045 0.31 0.026 5
3.9.1.2. Results and Discussions Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and
8.13
Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l
Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l
Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l
Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l
Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l
Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l
Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l
Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l
Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l
Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l
Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l
Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb),
Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg)
are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 98
It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits specified
of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit. Surface water quality standards are
provided in Table 3-23.
Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards
S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E
1 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 --- ---
2 Turbidity NTU --- --- --- --- ---
3 pH -- 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
4 Conductivity µS/cm --- --- --- 1000 2250
5 Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/l 500 --- 1500 --- 2100
6 Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
7 Total Hardness as
CaCo3
mg/l 300 --- --- --- ---
8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 80.10 --- --- --- ---
9 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 24.28 --- --- --- ---
10 Sodium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
11 Potassium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 --- 600 --- 600
13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 --- 400 --- 1000
14 Phosphate mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 20 --- 50 --- ---
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 --- ---
17 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---
18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 --- ---
19 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.01 --- ---
20 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---
21 Copper mg/l 1.5 --- 1.5 --- ---
22 Iron mg/l 0.3 --- 50 --- ---
23 Lead mg/l 0.1 --- 0.1 --- ---
24 Zinc mg/l 15 --- 15 --- ---
25 Manganese mg/l 0.5 --- --- --- ---
26 Selenium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.05 --- ---
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E
27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 --- --- --- ---
28 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 ---
29 COD mg/l --- --- --- --- ---
30 BOD mg/l 2 3 3 --- ---
Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection.
Class B –Water for outdoor bathing.
Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.
Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation.
Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal.
3.9.2 Ground water resourcesGround Water Department is monitoring the changes in groundwater regime continuously
through a network of Piezometer wells fitted with Automatic water level recorders in different
hydro geological and geomorphic units. Ground water level behaviour is analysed based on
monitoring of ground water level from the Network Hydrograph Stations (NHS) established
by CGWB.
Groundwater resource of the district has been assessed keeping in view, the sustainable and
optimum development of the resource. The estimation has been done based Ground Water
Estimation methodology (GEM)-1997.
The groundwater Water Resources (MCM) as on March, 2009, from the district-wise
groundwater resources-2012 published by the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) as given
in Table 3-24. Ground water level fluctuation decadal means (May 2001 – May 2010) with
May 2011 for YSR (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure 3-30.
Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009
Attribute Potential /Quantity
Area of the district 15,379 Sq.Km
Net ground water availability 1,05,039 ham
Gross annual draft 65,194 ham
Net GW availability for future irrigation 39,845 ham
Stage of ground water development 62%
Project Site 2-4 m rise
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) withMay 2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
3.9.1.3. Ground water QualityTotal Eight (08) ground water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different
villages around the project site based on the usage of sub surface water by the settlements/
villages in the study area. The groundwater results are compared with the desirable and
permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water. Groundwater
quality monitoring locations and results are given in Table 3-25and
Project Site
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 101
Table 3-26. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29.
Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring LocationsStationCode
Location Distance (km)from Projectboundary
AzimuthDirections
GW1 Project Site -- Within Site
GW2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE
GW3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW
GW4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE
GW5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N
GW6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW
GW7 Vellatur 7.16 W
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring ResultsS.No Parameters Units GW1
ProjectSite
GW2Thollagan
ganapalle
GW3Ambavaram
GW4Baligi
palli
GW5Putha
chinnaya
palle
GW6Rampathadu
GW7Vellatur
GW8Paidikalva
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
1 SourceHand
pump
Hand
pump
Hand
pump
Hand
pumpTube well Tube well
Tube
wellTube well -
2 Color HazenBDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL (DL
1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)BDL (DL1.0) 5
3 pH - 8.32 7.93 8.13 8.25 8.14 7.85 7.8 7.73 6.5-8.5
4 Turbidity NTUBDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)
BDL
(DL0.1)BDL (DL0.1) 1
5 Conductivity µS/cm 2234 1156 1225 1045 1420 1395 1076 1140 -
6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1395 728 875 643 872 846 732 752 500
7 Total Alkalinity mg/l 320 285 290 210 280 258 320 350 200
8 Total Hardness mg/l 583 298 304 195 292 252 380 347 200
9 Calcium mg/l 146 68 75 43 65 51 65 72 75
10 Magnesium mg/l 53 31 28 22 32 30 53 41 30
11 Sodium mg/l 228 68 130 120 148 147 65 72 -
12 Potassium mg/l 14 5 8 5 6 10 4 6 -
13 Chlorides mg/l 382 114 190 124 162 252 109 119 250
14 Sulphates mg/l 123 53 74 57 85 39 70 57 200
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Parameters Units GW1ProjectSite
GW2Thollagan
ganapalle
GW3Ambavaram
GW4Baligi
palli
GW5Putha
chinnaya
palle
GW6Rampathadu
GW7Vellatur
GW8Paidikalva
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
15 Carbonate mg/l 24 - - - - - - - -
16 Bicarbonate mg/l 390 366 354 256 342 315 390 451 -
17 Nitrate mg/l 41.6 4.83 22 5.44 26 46.8 5.32 8.3 45
18 Fluoride mg/l 2.82 2.29 1.88 3.42 0.29 1.18 3.81 2.53 1.0
19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1)BDL(DL
1)BDL(DL1) 0.05
20 Cyanide mg/lBDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)
BDL
(DL
0.01)
BDL
(DL 0.01)-
21 Silica mg/lBDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04)
BDL
(DL0.04
)
BDL
(DL0.04)0.05
22 % Sodium % 25.34 29.03 16.20 22.01 22.85 21.94 42.09 33.56 -
23Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)meq/l 0.26 -2.31 -4.96 0.02 -0.72 -1.76 -1.80 -2.42 -
25 Arsenic mg/lBDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.005)
BDL
(DL0.00
5)
BDL
( DL0.005)0.01
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 104
S.No Parameters Units GW1ProjectSite
GW2Thollagan
ganapalle
GW3Ambavaram
GW4Baligi
palli
GW5Putha
chinnaya
palle
GW6Rampathadu
GW7Vellatur
GW8Paidikalva
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
26 Cadmium mg/lBDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01)
BDL
(DL0.01
)
BDL
(DL0.01)0.003
27 Chromium mg/lBDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)
BDL
(DL
0.05)
BDL
(DL 0.05)0.05
28 Copper mg/l 0.014 0.014 0.01 0.013 0.01 0.013 0.011 0.023 0.05
29 Iron mg/l 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.29 0.3
31 Lead mg/lBDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)
BDL
( DL
0.1)
BDL
( DL 0.1)0.01
32 Manganese mg/lBDL
( DL0.05)
BDL
( DL0.05)
BDL
( DL0.05)
BDL
( DL0.05)
BDL
(DL0.05)
BDL
( DL0.05)
BDL
(
DL0.05)
BDL
( DL0.05)0.1
33 Mercury mg/lBDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00)
BDL
(DL0.00
)
BDL
(DL0.00)0.001
34 Selenium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Parameters Units GW1ProjectSite
GW2Thollagan
ganapalle
GW3Ambavaram
GW4Baligi
palli
GW5Putha
chinnaya
palle
GW6Rampathadu
GW7Vellatur
GW8Paidikalva
IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit
(DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05
)
(DL0.05)
35 Zinc mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.018 5
36 Phosphate mg/lBDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)
BDL
(DL
0.02)
BDL
(DL 0.02)-
37 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -
38 COD mg/lBDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)
BDL
( DL
4.0)
BDL
( DL 4.0)-
39 BOD mg/lBDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)
BDL
( DL
1.0)
BDL
( DL 1.0)-
3.9.1.4. Results and Discussions pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32
Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm
Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l
Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l
Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l
Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l
Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l
Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l
Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l
Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l
Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l
Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l
The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are
observed to be below detectable limits at all locations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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3.10 Soil as a Resource and its QualityThe predominant soils in the PIA district are red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from
poor to medium. Red soils occupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty,
Rajampet, Pulivendla and Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status. Black soils comprise of
45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally associated with clay content.
The soils of the district, in general, are low to medium in fertility status. Soil fertility index
gives an account of low phosphorous and medium to high potash and low to medium organic
carbon in the entire district, while pH ranges from 6.5 to 8.75. Zinc deficiency is the most
common phenomenon in Agriculture crops. Ph levels are also increasing in the recent past
due to intensive cultivation, particularly under K.C.Canal as the farmers are applying
chemical fertilizers indiscriminately. Red soils occupy an extent of 218, 812 hectares, while
182, 344 hectares area is covered by black soils and the balance area of 4,053 hectares is
under problematic soils.
3.10.1 Soil qualityIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use
categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in
the study area. Soil analysis was carried as per IS: 2720 methods. Soil quality monitoring
locations & results are given in Table 3-27 and
Table 3-28. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-31.
Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring LocationsLocation
CodeLocation
Distance (Km)w.r.t project site
Directionw.r.t. project site
S1 Project Site -- Within Site
S2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE
S3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW
S4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE
S5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N
S6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW
S7 Vellatur 7.16 W
S8 Paidikalva 9.36 NNW
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Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring ResultsS.No Parameters Units S1
Project Site
S2Thollaga
nganapal
le
S3Ambavara
m
S4Baligi
palli
S5Putha
chinnayap
alle
S6Rampat
hadu
S7Vellatur
S8Paidikalva
1
Colour Greyish
whiteBrown
Dark
BrownBrown
Reddish
BrownBrown Grey Grey
2
Textural Class -Sandy Clay
Clay
LoamSilt Loam Silt Loam Clay
Silty
Clay
Silty
Clay
Silty Clay
Loam
3 Sand % 60 28 33 6 10 7 8 5
4 Silt % 4 40 50 76 36 41 43 59
5 Caly % 36 32 17 18 54 52 49 36
6 pH ( 1:2) - 8.52 8.51 8.21 7.58 8.15 8.37 8.06 8.14
7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.31 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.35
8 Conductivity (1:2) umohs/cm 300 304 170 54 147 218 166 137
9 Moisture Content % 13.06 11.1 13.93 7.95 1.86 2.2 1.435 1.84
10
Cation Exchange
capacity
meq/100
gm18.0 16.0 8.5 9.0 27.0 26.0 24.5 24.0
11 Organic carbon 0.079 0.075 0.106 0.482 0.553 0.538 1.05 1.14
12 Organic matter % 0.136 0.129 0.182 0.830 0.953 0.927 1.81 1.96
13 Nitrogen Kg/ha 46.8 50.4 64.8 306 414 436 374 324
14 Phosphorus Kg/ha 54.2 104 155 504 720 648 576 540
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S.No Parameters Units S1Project Site
S2Thollaga
nganapal
le
S3Ambavara
m
S4Baligi
palli
S5Putha
chinnayap
alle
S6Rampat
hadu
S7Vellatur
S8Paidikalva
15 Potassium Kg/ha 216 540 396 684 864 756 648 684
16
Oil & Grease % BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
BDL
(DL1.0)
17 Calcium % 0.96 0.28 0.52 0.16 0.44 0.2 0.24 0.24
18 Magnesium % 0.53 0.24 0.12 0.048 0.096 0.048 0.17 0.19
19 Boron mg/kg 0.83 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.16 0.88 1.98 1.04
20
Cadmium mg/kg1.2 1.3 1.4
BDL
(DL 0.1)
BDL
(DL 0.1)11
BDL
(DL 0.1)
BDL
(DL 0.1)
21 Chromium mg/kg 0.36 0.48 0.65 1.42 1.06 1.1 1.09 1.12
22 Copper mg/kg 0.98 1.4 1.15 8.8 19 20.4 13.7 10.5
23 Iron mg/kg 942 293 219 120 250 235 104 119
24
Lead mg/kg BDL
(DL 0.1)
BDL
(DL 0.1)
BDL
(DL 0.1)11 23 14 11 12
25 Manganese mg/kg 2.9 3.1 2.41 8.4 15.6 11.2 10.5 9.5
26 Zinc mg/kg 4.2 7.6 9.6 13.9 28 28 27 14
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3.10.2 Results and Discussions Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area
pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52
Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm
Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha
Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha
Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha
Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%
Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc
Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg
Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg
Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg
Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg
3.11 Baseline Biological SurveyBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The floral
diversity is grouped into trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs and aquatic plants. Similarly the
faunal diversity is grouped into mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The study area has
open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy, cotton,
maize and chilli cultivation.
3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study AreaThe study experiences hot climate during summer and cooler winter due to absence of thick
forest cover in the region. Large tracts of land in the region are under rice cultivation. Forest
types found in the study area predominantly scrub forests are found distributed in the few
patches in the S and SW to the site. Social forestry development induced Eucalyptus
plantations can be seen in Northern and eastern region to the site. Two plant species are
predominantly distributed in the study area. The biodiversity study was conducted to
provide information on flora and fauna present in the study area. The study was conducted
from 20.05.2016 and 04.06.2016 in places situated within a radius of 10 km from the site.
The list of places covered in the floral biodiversity and faunal biodiversity survey are
Kopparthy, Yadaapurm, Tadigodla, Tollaganaplli, Ambavaram &Rampathadu villages. The
various species of flora and fauna recorded in the study are tabulated.
3.11.2 Flora
a) TreesA number of tree species are observed in the study area which is given in the Table 3-29
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study areaS.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu )
1. Acacia arabica Gum arabic tree Natta tuma
2. Acacia farnesiana Cassie flower Kasturitumma
3. Acacia ferruginea Rusty Acacia An-sandra
4. Acacia leucophloea White barked
Acacia
Tella tumma
5. Acacia mearnsii Black wattle Tumma
6. Acacia melanoxylon Sally Wattle Kondakorinda
7. Acacia nilotica Babool Nala tuma
8. Albizia lebbeck Flea tree Dirisena
9. Albizia odoratissima Black siris Cinduga
10. Albizia procera White siris Tella cinduga
11. Balanites
aegyptiaca
Desert date Gara
12. Bambusa bambo Bamboo Bongu veduru
13. Barringtonia
acutangula
Indian putat Kadimi
14. Bauhinia
malabarica
Mountain ebony Puli chinta
15. Bauhinia racemosa Burmese Silk
Orchid
Tella Arecettu
16. Borassus flabellifer Palm Taati Munjalu
17. Butea frondosa Flame of the
forest
Moduga
18. Casuarina
equisetifolia
Casuarina Saragudu
19. Cochlospermum
religiosum
Yellow Silk
Cotton
Kondagogu
20. Cocos nucifera Coconut Kobbari chettu
21. Enterolobium
saman
Rain tree Nidra ganneru
22. Eucalyptus globules Eucalyptus Jamayul
23. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Marri
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu )
24. Ficus religiosa Pee pal Raavi
25. Magnifera indica Mango Mamidi
26. Peltophorum
africanum
Weeping wattle Pacha sunkesula
27. Phoenix sylvestris Wild date palm Itha
28. Pongamia pinnata Indian beech Kanuga
29. Prosopis spicigera Indian mesquit. Jammi
30. Sesbania
grandiflora
Hummingbird tree Avisi
31. Techtona grandis Teak Teku
b) ShrubsThe study area has patches of shrub forest in many places therefore number of shrubs
where recorded during the study. Shrubs encountered during the survey are given in the
Table 3-30.
Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name
1. Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow Tuturabenda
2. Acacia latronum Buffalo thorn Tella tumma
3. Ageratum conyzoides Goat weed Pumpillu
4. Allophylus cobbe Indian Allophylus Erra avalu
5. Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Mahaveera
6. Breynia vitis-ideaea Phyllanthaceae Erra-balli
7. Bridelia montana Pantangi, Panchavoni
8. Calotropis gigantea Crown Flower Jilledu
9. Calycopteris floribunda Paper flower climber Bonta teega, Adavi jama,
Pottengi
10. Carissa carandas Karanda Kalivi
11. Carissa spinarum Wild Karanda Vaka
12. Cassia surattensis Scrambled Egg Tree Metta tangedu
13. Cipadessa baccifera Ranabili Chedu Bira
14. Cissus quadrangularis Devil's Backbone Gudametige
15. Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kodisha
16. Clerodendron Arni Tekkali, Nelli
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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular namephlomidis
17. Dichrostachys cinerea Sickle Bush Velthuru
18. Dodonaea viscosa Hop Bush Puli-vailu, Bandam
19. Drypetes sepiaria Wild Caper Bush Bira
20. Erythroxylum
monogynum
Red Cedar Deva Dharu, Pagadamu chettu
21. Euphorbia antiquorum Square Milk Hedge Bomma Jemmudu
22. Euphorbia nivulia Leafy Milk Hedge Jemmudu
23. Euphorbia tirucalli Round Milk Hedge Manchi Jemmudu
24. Gardenia gummifera Cambi gum tree, Bikki
25. Gymnosporia spinosa Bharati Danti
26. Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Tedla pala
27. Hugonia mystax Tomentose Pisangi, Kakibira,
28. Jatropha curcas Physic Nut Nepalamu
29. Lawsonia inermis Henna Gorintaku
30. Maytenus emarginatus Notched Leaf Soapnut Kukudu-kayalu
31. Mimosa intsia Twisted Acacia Konda-korinta
32. Phyllanthus reticulatus Black honey shrub Pulsare
33. Randia dumetorum Mountain Pomegranate Manga chettu
34. Rhus mysorensis Mysore sumac Sith-sundari
35. Scutia myrtina Cat thorn Pariki
36. Senna auriculata Tanner's Cassia Tagedu
37. Woodfordia fruticosa Red Bell Bush Jargi, Seringi, Jaji
c) ClimbersClimbers encountered during the survey are given in the below Table 3-31
Table 3-31Climbers present in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name
1. Ampelocissus latifolia Wild grape Bedasatiga, Bedalatiga
2. Argyreia nervosa Elephant creeper Samudrapala
3. Bauhinia vahlii Maloo creeper Madapu
4. Cissus quadrangularis Veldt grape Gudametige
5. Cucumis melo Melon Mulam pandu
6. Ichnocarpus frutescens Black creeper Karampala
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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name7. Ipomoea pes-carpae Goat's foot creeper Chevulapilli theege
8. Ipomoea sepiaria Purple heart glory Mettatuti
9. Merremia hederacea Ivy woodrose Kalasa
10. Pentatropis capensis Ambarvel Chekurtitiwa
11. Pergularia daemia Pergularia Jittupaku, Dushtupatige
12. Rivea hypocrateriformis Midnapore creeper Nirubodi
13. Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Tippatiga, Somida
14. Toddalia asiatica var
floribunda
Wild orange tree Kondakasinda
15. Trichosanthes cuspidat Snake gourd Avaduta
16. Tylophora indica Indian ipecac Mekkanatinnana aku
d) HerbsThe herbaceous vegetation observed in the study area are given belowTable 3-32
Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name
1. Acalypha alnifolia Alder Leaved Cat Tail Chiru kuppinta
2. Adenostemma lavenia Sticky Daisy Jangli-jira
3. Aerva lanata Mountain knot grass Pindi konda
4. Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed Ponna Ganti kura
5. Argemone Mexicana Mexican Prickly Poppy Brahmadandi
6. Barleria cristata Striped Philippine Violet Tellanilambari
7. Bidens pilosa Beggar tick Phutium
8. Cassia tora Stinking cassia Tantepu
9. Cleome viscosa Asian spider flower Kukka-vaminta
10. Corchorus aestuans East Indian mallow Nela Bera
11. Emilla sonchifolia Purple Sow Thistle mayarcevi
12. Euphorbia prostrata Prostrate Sandmat Rongoalathi
13. Grangea maderaspatana Madras Carpet Mastaru
14. Gynura crepidioides Thickhead Tera paibi
15. Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Nagadanthi
16. Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade flower Ratna Purusha
17. Parthenium hysterophorus, Carrot Grass Chandani
18. Sida cordifolia Heart leaf sida Chiru Benda
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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name19. Triumfetta rhomboidea Burr bush Dekki
20. Vernonia cinerea Little iron weed Sahadevi
21. Waltheria indica Sleepy morning Nalla Benda
e) Aquatic PlantsThe aquatic plants observed in the study area are given in Table 3-33.
Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name
1. Eichornia crassipes Water hyacinth Budaga tamara
2. Hydrilla verticillata Water thyme valakada
3. Nymphaea nouchali Blue water lily Neelambal
4. Nymphaea pubescens Pink water lily Thamara
5. Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Neeru veniki
3.11.3 Fauna
a) MammalsThe various wild mammalian species observed in the study area are given in Table 3-34
Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study areaS.No Zoological name English name Vernacular name
1. Lepus nigricollis Black-naped Hare Kundelu
2. Felis chaus Jungle cat Adavi pilli
3. Funambulus palmarum Three-striped palm
squirrel
Uduta
4. Herpestes javanicus Asian Small Mongoose Mungisa
5. Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine Mullapandi
6. Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Nela Chepa
7. Rattus rattus Common rat Eluka
8. Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Nakka
b) BirdsVarious species of birds observed in the study area are given in Table 3-35
Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name
1. Bubo nipalensis Forest Eagle Owl Gudlaguva
2. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Egret
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name3. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Ramachiluka
4. Alcedo coerulescens Small Blue Kingfisher Lakumuki
5. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Nalla Pavuram
6. Corvus splendens House Crow Kaki
7. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Gogari yellichi
8. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Koyila
9. Dinopium benghalense Golden-backed Woodpecker Vadrangi pitta
10. Egretta garzetta Little Egret Chinna tella konga
11. Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Chinna passeriki
12. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Neeti kaki
13. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Pedda chiluka
14. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Pigli-pitta
15. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul Turaka-pigli-pitta
c) ReptilesVarious species of reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-36.
Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name Common Name Vernacular name
1. Ahaetulla mycterizans Common Green Whip Snake Jerripothu
2. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Katla pamu
3. Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Tonda
4. Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Tonda
5. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Usaravilli
6. Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko Nallikeechu
7. Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Balli
8. Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake Jerripothu
9. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Udumu
d) AmphibiansVarious species of amphibians observed in the study area are given inTable 3-37
Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name
1 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog Chettukappa
2 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian green frog Godrukappa
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3 Fejervarya kudremukhensis Cricket frog Kappa
4 Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's bullfrog Kappa
5 Rana temporaria Common frog Kappa
6 Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian burrowing frog Kappa
e) InsectsVarious species of insects observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-38
Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name
1. Ceratogomphus pictus Dragon fly Tuniga
2. Coccinella magnifica Ladybird beetle Arudra purugu
3. Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Pulli
4. Euploea core Common indian crow Kaki
5. Eurythyrea austriaca Jewel beetle Boddenka
6. Monomorium floricula Flower ant Puspam chima
7. Oecophylla smaragdina Weaver ant Neta cimala
8. Panagaeus cruxmajor Ground beetle Pedapurugu
9. Papilio demoleus Lime butterfly Akuchilaka
10. Paratrechina longicornis Longhorn crazy ant Gandru chima
11. Phalanta phalanta Common leopard Chirutha
12. Pieris rapae Cabbage Butterfly Cabbage seethakokachilaka
13. Solenopis invicta Fire ant --
14. Tetra morium guineense Guinea ant Giniya cimala
3.12 Socio-Economic ProfileYSR Kadapa district is the south eastern district of Andhra Pradesh and lies on the southern
Deccan plateau, popularly referred to as the Rayalaseema. It is bounded on the north by
Kurnool, East by Nellore, South by Chittoor and West by Anantapur districts. The area of the
district is 15,359 Sq. Kms.
The population of the district is 28, 82,469 comprises of male population is 14, 51,777 and
female population is 14,30,692.
3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District)Regional Social economic profile is given in Table 3-39.
Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile
S.No Indicators 2011
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No Indicators 2011
1 Rural Urban Ratio 33.97% Urban
2 Households 706204
3 Population 2882469
4 Males 1451777
5 Females 1430692
6 Children 331586
7 Scheduled Caste 16.16
8 Scheduled Tribes 2.63
9 Literates 1716766
10 Literacy Rate 67.30
11 Working Population 1320404
12 Main Workers 1079903
13 Agriculture Workers 398305
14 Population Density/Sq. km 188
15 Population Growth Rate 10.79
16 Sex Ratio 985
17 Child Sex Ratio 918
18 Crude Death Rates 19.2
19 Infant Mortality Rate 38
20 Maternal mortality rate 85
21 Total Fertility Rate 1.8Source: Census 2011 & Planning Department GoAP
3.12.2 Economic EnvironmentThe following Table 3-40 shows District Per Capita Income based on NDDP at Current
Prices Basic Prices.
Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDPDistrict/State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Kadapa 57317 59558 70299 82734
Andhra Pradesh 68866 74639 84579 95689
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, AP
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3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study AreaThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes
under the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in
the urban area.Table 3-41 shows the village and its population in 5 Km radius and 10 Km
radius.
Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area
Man
dal N
ame
and
Villa
geN
ame
Tota
lH
ouse
hold
Tota
lPo
pula
tion
Sche
dule
dC
aste
s
Sche
dule
dTr
ibe
Gen
eral
Cat
egor
y
Villages within 5 Km radius
Kamalapuram
Vankamada 0 0 0 0 0
Vallur
Ambavaram 941 3581 468 25 3088
Gotur 283 1110 297 0 813
Jangampalle 39 157 0 0 157
Kodandaramapuram 0 0 0 0 0
Koppolu 450 1711 636 0 1075
Lebaka 1031 3927 832 72 3023
Obana
Somayajulapalle 0 0 0 0
Paidikalva 724 2551 188 4 2359
Thollaganganapalle 303 1153 446 0 707
Yadavapuram 0 0 0 0 0
Chennur
Dugganapalle 155 589 187 0 402
Gurrampadu 389 1498 486 0 1012
Mundlapalle 293 1140 321 2 817
Rachinnayapalle 194 772 221 0 551
Ramanapalle 875 3107 723 0 2384
Chinthakommadinne
Apparajupalle 119 462 0 0 462
Balupalle 103 443 0 0 443
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Man
dal N
ame
and
Villa
geN
ame
Tota
lH
ouse
hold
Tota
lPo
pula
tion
Sche
dule
dC
aste
s
Sche
dule
dTr
ibe
Gen
eral
Cat
egor
y
Cherlopalle 0 0 0 0 0
Chinthakommadinne 2203 8661 1061 47 7553
Kammavaripalle 373 1473 230 0 1243
Kopparthi 851 3250 543 7 2700
Pabbapuram 267 1044 388 2 654
Papasahebpet 148 513 26 0 487
Thadigotla 699 2815 712 15 2088
K.Ramachandrapura
m 9 37 0 0 37
Pendlimarri
Chabali 110 407 170 0 237
Eguva Palle 119 420 8 13 399
Ganganapalle 751 3018 575 59 2384
Konayapalle 49 179 0 0 179
Kothapeta 88 361 0 0 361
Machanur 602 2359 512 4 1843
Moillakalava 432 1855 453 79 1323
Sangatipalle 286 1233 320 0 913
Thippireddipalle 810 3351 375 28 2948
Rampathadu 404 1603 109 0 1494
Total 14100 54780 10287 357 44136Villages within 5-10 Km radius
Kadapa
Kadapa 83465 369031 44856 9104 315071
Kamalapuram
Chinnachepalle 1027 4046 641 62 3343
Dadireddipalle 145 578 0 0 578
Kamalapuram 4687 20623 4994 339 15290
Letapalle 219 870 187 10 673
Peddacheppalle 1354 5368 1312 6 4050
Yellareddipalle 363 1377 258 0 1119
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Man
dal N
ame
and
Villa
geN
ame
Tota
lH
ouse
hold
Tota
lPo
pula
tion
Sche
dule
dC
aste
s
Sche
dule
dTr
ibe
Gen
eral
Cat
egor
y
Vallur
Ankayapalle 0 0 0 0 0
Chinnaputha 127 463 138 0 325
Isukapalle 52 208 0 0 208
Kotluru 1054 3798 520 8 3270
Kumarunipalle 121 436 223 0 213
Peddaputha 320 1218 413 4 801
Putha Chinnayapalle 71 340 2 6 332
Tappetla 456 1844 537 11 1296
Vallur 1516 5776 1915 98 3763
Venkatesapuram 163 600 288 0 312
Chennur
Chennur 3967 16126 2992 434 12700
Kokkarayapalle 279 1122 326 0 796
Nazeerbegpalle 268 1025 430 8 587
Sivalapalle 291 1149 383 0 766
Upparapalle 386 1525 387 16 1122
Chinthakommadinne
Boggalapalle 474 1826 945 0 881
Buggaletipalle 130 527 8 6 513
Jamal Palle 439 1677 206 11 1460
Kolumulapalle 724 3013 26 361 2626
Peddakampalle 121 490 40 16 434
Rudrayagaripalle 0 0 0 0 0
Pendlimarri
A.Ramachandrapura
m 0 0 0 0 0
Binduraopalle 0 0 0 0 0
Chinna Dasaripalle 57 273 8 13 252
Kothagiriapalle 174 732 0 35 697
Pagadalapalle 123 438 0 0 438
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Man
dal N
ame
and
Villa
geN
ame
Tota
lH
ouse
hold
Tota
lPo
pula
tion
Sche
dule
dC
aste
s
Sche
dule
dTr
ibe
Gen
eral
Cat
egor
y
Pedda Dasaripalle 0 0 0 0 0
Pendlimarri 857 3564 417 27 3120
Vellatur 624 2651 339 64 2248
Total 104054 452714 62791 10639 379284Source: Census 2011
a) Projected Populationwithin the Study AreaThe followingTable 3-42 shows the projected population of the 5 Km radius and 5 to 10 km
radius of the project area to the current year. It was calculated based on the decadal growth
rate of the district. There would be a spurt in the population once the industrialization takes in
full swing. The ratio of population of different social group categories of the project area is
similar to that of the district which is shown inFigure 3-32. The male and female ratio of the
project area and the district is same, given in Table 3-43
Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project AreaYear 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Within 5 Km 14100 14252 14406 14561 14718 14877
5 Km to 10 Km 104054 105177 106312 107459 108618 109790Source: Census 2011
Source: Census 2011
Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%)
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Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project areaArea Male Female
District 50.37 49.63
Project area 50.27 49.73
b) Child Populationwithin the Study AreaOf the total population of the study area is given inTable 3-44, Child population has 11.45%.
The girl child population is 47.91%.
Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study areaMandal Name/ VillageName
Child PopulationTotal
Male Female
Within 5 KmAmbavaram 412 213 199Gotur 122 62 60Jangampalle 18 12 6Koppolu 172 93 79Lebaka 418 223 195Paidikalva 329 176 153Thollaganganapalle 138 79 59ChennurDugganapalle 63 33 30Gurrampadu 138 69 69Mundlapalle 135 74 61Rachinnayapalle 72 33 39Ramanapalle (Part) 317 143 174ChinthakommadinneApparajupalle 51 31 20Balupalle 59 30 29Chinthakommadinne (Part) 1114 553 561K.Ramachandrapuram 3 2 1Kammavaripalle 189 97 92Kopparthi 349 164 185Pabbapuram 167 83 84Papasahebpet 63 34 29Thadigotla 290 148 142PendlimarriChabali 41 21 20Eguva Palle 28 11 17Ganganapalle 398 209 189Konayapalle 26 13 13Kothapeta 56 25 31Machanur 262 140 122Moillakalava 209 106 103Rampathadu 167 87 80Sangatipalle 134 75 59Thippireddipalle 418 215 203
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Mandal Name/ VillageName
Child PopulationTotal
Male Female
Total 6358 3254 31045Km to 10 KmChinnachepalle 396 221 175Dadireddipalle 62 32 30Kamalapuram 2324 1194 1130Letapalle 86 45 41Peddacheppalle 602 342 260Yellareddipalle 149 75 74VallurChinnaputha 34 18 16Isukapalle 23 14 9Kotluru 409 218 191Kumarunipalle 34 13 21Peddaputha 142 75 67Putha Chinnayapalle 34 17 17Tappetla 171 90 81Vallur 610 317 293Venkatesapuram 79 40 39ChennurChennur 1880 953 927Kokkarayapalle 109 48 61Nazeerbegpalle 119 53 66Sivalapalle 129 61 68Upparapalle 203 104 99ChinthakommadinneBoggalapalle 244 128 116Buggaletipalle 55 31 24Jamal Palle 199 107 92Kolumulapalle 427 213 214Peddakampalle 50 31 19PendlimarriChinna Dasaripalle 29 14 15Kothagiriapalle 81 39 42Pagadalapalle 56 30 26Pendlimarri 408 221 187Vellatur 314 180 134KadapaKadapa 42337 22112 20225Total 51795 27036 24759
Source: Census 2011
c) Occupationwithin the Study AreaAgriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers are
involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of farmers belong
to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category. Only 30-35% of the area
covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed. The major irrigation project is KC
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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Canal and the medium irrigation projects are Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha
etc.The principal crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops. Of
which under cereals rice, jowar and ragi are the prominent crops of the district. Bengal gram,
red gram and green gram are the prominent pulses, groundnut, castor and sun flower are the
prominent oil seeds of the district. Cotton, chillies and turmeric are the prominent other crops.
The project area has 32.99% of the working population involved in agriculture activities
(cultivators and Agriculture labor), but the district has 57.04% of workers are cultivators and
agricultural labors. The project area has more ‘other workers’ due to the urban nature of
Kadapa city and access to the nonagricultural activities. Workers group distribution in the
study area is given in Table 3-45.
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Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area
Mandal Name/ VillageName
TotalWorkers
MainWorkers
MarginalWorkers
Agriculture Household Industries OtherMainCultivators
MainAgri.Labours
Marginalcultivators
MarginalAgri.labours
Main Marginal Main Main
Within 5 Km
Vallur
Ambavaram 1972 1917 55 350 1164 5 43 25 1 378 6
Gotur 653 647 6 68 513 0 1 1 3 65 2
Jangampalle 103 94 9 12 71 0 8 0 0 11 1
Koppolu 818 813 5 203 470 0 4 1 0 139 1
Lebaka 1988 1805 183 410 874 27 92 223 7 298 57
Paidikalva 1143 550 593 78 367 51 481 1 7 104 54
Thollaganganapalle 620 593 27 89 488 2 22 0 0 16 3
Chennur
Dugganapalle 432 359 73 20 275 5 24 4 0 60 44
Gurrampadu 671 592 79 150 325 3 73 1 1 116 2
Mundlapalle 631 608 23 94 367 4 13 25 2 122 4
Rachinnayapalle 471 421 50 111 229 0 46 26 0 55 4
Ramanapalle (Part) 1580 1110 470 118 477 11 323 83 15 432 121
Chinthakommadinne
Apparajupalle 318 311 7 53 188 0 3 0 0 70 4
Balupalle 195 166 29 77 40 8 19 0 0 49 2
Chinthakommadinne 4422 3949 473 483 2044 61 361 181 23 1241 28
K.Ramachandrapuram 23 19 4 0 18 0 4 0 0 1 0
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Kammavaripalle 803 747 56 214 448 3 51 20 1 65 1
Kopparthi 1635 1386 249 136 659 3 202 15 6 576 38
Pabbapuram 586 536 50 14 444 3 42 1 0 77 5
Papasahebpet 297 217 80 47 114 0 70 7 3 49 7
Thadigotla 1450 1186 264 87 184 1 180 161 22 754 61
Pendlimarri
Chabali 258 114 144 91 3 0 119 7 13 13 12
Eguva Palle 207 180 27 46 127 12 14 0 0 7 1
Ganganapalle 1664 1445 219 202 988 110 88 5 1 250 20
Konayapalle 111 111 0 9 95 0 0 0 0 7 0
Kothapeta 226 224 2 104 118 0 2 0 0 2 0
Machanur 1194 674 520 219 373 154 313 26 17 56 36
Moillakalava 965 900 65 180 555 2 58 4 2 161 3
Rampathadu 851 536 315 377 74 8 293 1 0 84 14
Sangatipalle 673 485 188 184 249 78 102 2 0 50 8
Thippireddipalle 1983 1723 260 449 1134 68 175 14 2 126 15
TOTAL 28943 24418 4525 4675 13475 619 3226 834 126 5434 5545Km to 10 Km
Kamalapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chinnachepalle 2135 1973 162 333 1248 7 90 55 3 337 62
Dadireddipalle 211 199 12 20 164 2 9 3 0 12 1
Kamalapuram 9317 8079 1238 688 2726 110 561 1131 138 3534 429
Letapalle 618 617 1 43 548 0 0 13 1 13 0
Peddacheppalle 2877 2740 137 212 1941 6 83 61 5 526 43
Yellareddipalle 729 716 13 142 447 3 5 1 0 126 5
Vallur
Chinnaputha 257 62 195 19 22 29 142 6 6 15 18
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Isukapalle 71 43 28 32 10 5 15 1 2 0 6
Kotluru 2108 1897 211 325 1392 5 28 26 0 154 178
Kumarunipalle 250 246 4 105 114 2 2 2 0 25 0
Peddaputha 750 408 342 136 218 0 328 0 0 54 14
Putha Chinnayapalle 132 51 81 14 2 1 16 1 3 34 61
Tappetla 838 799 39 342 377 21 4 1 0 79 14
Vallur 2716 1946 770 403 844 22 638 52 25 647 85
Venkatesapuram 324 323 1 6 296 0 1 0 0 21 0
Chennur
Chennur 6810 5797 1013 481 2864 41 708 173 37 2279 227
Kokkarayapalle 543 528 15 34 429 0 13 2 1 63 1
Nazeerbegpalle 499 453 46 13 327 1 37 6 1 107 7
Sivalapalle 640 626 14 89 494 3 9 2 0 41 2
Upparapalle 806 801 5 136 603 0 4 6 1 56 0
Chinthakommadinne
Boggalapalle 976 965 11 107 717 0 6 3 0 138 5
Buggaletipalle 238 236 2 5 225 0 2 0 0 6 0
Jamal Palle 888 847 41 44 25 0 28 4 0 774 13
Kolumulapalle 1339 1305 34 108 1005 2 14 5 0 187 18
Peddakampalle 253 192 61 32 95 0 61 2 0 63 0
Pendlimarri
Chinna Dasaripalle 168 167 1 0 163 0 1 1 0 3 0
Kothagiriapalle 460 454 6 316 114 0 1 0 0 24 5
Pagadalapalle 281 280 1 48 201 0 0 0 0 31 1
Pendlimarri 1940 1513 427 282 853 23 339 97 2 281 63
Vellatur 1645 1371 274 356 763 10 216 19 2 233 46
Kadapa
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Source: Census 2011
Kadapa 130574 110545 20029 3410 10632 523 3046 3323 1274 93180 15186
TOTAL 171393 146179 25214 8281 29859 816 6407 4996 1501 103043 16490
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d) Animal Husbandry within the DistrictCattle rearing are a supplementary livelihood for the marginal and small farmers. The
buffaloes outnumber the cattle populations due to the milk yield, tolerant to the hot climate,
maintenance etc. The cattle populations within the district is given in Table 3-46.
Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the districtTotal Bovine Cattle Buffaloes606074 139141 466933
Source: 19th Livestock Census 2012
e) Industries within the districtThere are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa Yerraguntla.
Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the proposed Industrial estate.
Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are reputed industries in the area. List of
Industries are given inTable 3-47.
Table 3-47List of Industries in the study areaS.No. Name of the Industry Activity
1 ABK Publications Ltd., Kadapa News Paper Printing
2Cuddapah Spinning Mills Ltd Koparthi(P),
Yerramasupalli(V)
Cotton yarn
3 Balaji Bio-mass Power (P) Ltd, Chennur (V&M) Power generation
4 Jagati Publications ,Tadigotla News Paper Printing
5 RayalaseemaSpinners IE., Kadapa Cotton yarn
6IBC Limited Sy.No.1461, Ganganapalli (V),
Pendlimarri (M).
Iron ore mining
f) Health Facilities within the study areaThe health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the project area.
The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for emergency. The following
Table 3-48 shows the number of health facilities in the project area.Apart from these, there is
a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services in Kadapa town. Also, many
Private hospitals and practitioners are available. There is no infectious disease in the project
area. The people have adopted the institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate
and Infant Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care
facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness
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Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project AreaPrimary Health Centers Sub Centres under PHC
Vallur 6
Chennur 8
Akkayappalli 20
Pendlimarri 4
CK Dinne 10Source: National Rural Health Mission 2012-13
g) Sanitation Facilities & Drinking water facilitiesTap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the importance of
purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being implemented in the
rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is very low. Once the area is
industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local population growth, the sanitation situation
will go from bad to worse. The upcoming industries are expected to partake in the sanitation
infrastructure development as social and environmental responsibility. Village wise sanitation
& drinking water facilities within the study area are given in Table 3-49.
Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study areaArea Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toile
tFacility
Tapwaterfromtreated
source
Tapwaterfromun-
treated
source
Coveredwell
Un-coveredwell
Handpump
Tubewell/Borehole
Spring River/
Canal
Tank/
Pond/
Lake
Othersources
Within 5 Km
Ambavaram 36.9 62.1 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0 0 0.1 28.3
Apparajupalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.7
Balupalle 99.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7
Chabali 0 90.6 0 0 0 9.4 0 0 0 0 17.3
Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4
Chinthakommadinn
e (Part) 61.6 35.8 0 0 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 25.5
Eguva Palle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.9
Ganganapalle 78.8 18.3 0 0 0.1 2.8 0 0 0 0 6.8
Gotur 94.1 0 0 0 4.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.4 11.8
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Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toilet
Facility
Tapwaterfromtreated
source
Tapwaterfromun-
treated
source
Coveredwell
Un-coveredwell
Handpump
Tubewell/Borehole
Spring River/
Canal
Tank/
Pond/
Lake
Othersources
Gurrampadu 99.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.6
Jangampalle 56.8 38.6 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
K.Ramachandrapur
am 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kadapa (M Corp. +
OG) (Part) 78 18.2 0 0 3.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 29.6
Kammavaripalle 58 41.7 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 2.4
Konayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kopparthi 67.6 0.6 0 0 10.7 21 0 0.1 0 0 24.7
Koppolu 71.3 0 0 0 0 16.2 0 12.5 0 0 7.2
Kothapeta 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lebaka 50.8 49.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 24.6
Machanur 78 21.6 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 11.1
Moillakalava 31.5 42.6 0 0 0 25.9 0 0 0 0 16.4
Mundlapalle 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.3
Pabbapuram 99.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3
Paidikalva 96.1 0.7 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 8.5
Papasahebpet 69.4 30.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.7
Rachinnayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.6
Ramanapalle (Part) 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.5
Rampathadu 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.4
Sangatipalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7
Thadigotla 45.5 48.4 0 0 0.7 5.3 0.1 0 0 0 45.7
Thippireddipalle 46.6 31.2 0.6 0 0 21.3 0 0.1 0 0.2 10.2
Thollaganganapalle 99 0 0 0 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 37
5 Km to 10 Km
Boggalapalle (Part) 8.2 91.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.3
Buggaletipalle 0.7 99.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32.8
Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4
Chinna Dasaripalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7
Chinnachepalle 82.1 17 0.2 0 0.5 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 23.2
Chinnaputha 0 85.4 14.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.1
Dadireddipalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.4
Isukapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.4
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Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toilet
Facility
Tapwaterfromtreated
source
Tapwaterfromun-
treated
source
Coveredwell
Un-coveredwell
Handpump
Tubewell/Borehole
Spring River/
Canal
Tank/
Pond/
Lake
Othersources
Jamal Palle 91.8 1.6 0 0 5.7 0.9 0 0 0 0 32.1
Kadapa 80.60 13.87 0.17 0.03 2.57 2.40 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.23
57.1
3
Kamalapuram 90.9 8.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 57.3
Kokkarayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49.4
Kolumulapalle 31.3 62.2 0.1 0.1 1.6 4.4 0 0 0 0.1 22.8
Kothagiriapalle 87.2 0 0.6 0 0 12.2 0 0 0 0 32.3
Kotluru 51.5 34 0.1 0.1 13.2 0.7 0 0 0.4 0 18.9
Kumarunipalle 99.2 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.8
Letapalle 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.6
Nazeerbegpalle 99.3 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39.7
Pagadalapalle 0 1.7 0 0 0 97.5 0 0 0 0.8 7.5
Peddacheppalle 93.2 3.1 0.2 0 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 28
Peddakampalle 0 99.2 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 19.8
Peddaputha 47.7 52.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34.8
Pendlimarri 26.4 53.6 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 6.1
Putha
Chinnayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36.6
Sivalapalle 55.7 44 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 17.9
Tappetla 70.4 29.3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6
Upparapalle 97.1 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9
Vallur 67.2 32.1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.4 20.9
Vellatur 73.8 26.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.7
Venkatesapuram 98.8 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8
Yellareddipalle 68.8 18.7 0 0 12.5 0 0 0 0 0 18.7
Source: Census 2011
h) Education facilitiesThe project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected by road
services.The available education infrastructure is given in Table 3-50.The dropout rate is
falling over the period due to the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of
education. The dropout rate of the district is 9.88 (Source: DISE: 2013-14 for primary
level).The primary schools need some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting
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District, Andhra Pradesh
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quality education for rural children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming
industries could provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the
confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions like Arts
and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and Health Institutions. The
students have to be provided quality skill development for getting employment opportunities
in upcoming industries.
Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study AreaType of Schools Kadapa Corporation
+OG5 Km 10 Km
Government Primary School 133 99 135
Private Primary School 113 2 1
Government Middle School 55 15 26
Private Middle School 88 1 2
Government Secondary School 27 5 15
Private Secondary School 88 0 10
Government Senior Secondary
School 2 0 6
Private Senior Secondary
School 22 0 1
i) Literacy Details within Study AreaThe literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the study
area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average (67.30%). Literacy
details within the study area are given inTable 3-51.
Table 3-51Literacy details within the study areaMandal Name/ VillageName
TotalLiterates Male Female %
Within 5 KmVallur
Ambavaram 1972 1200 772 62.23
Gotur 653 409 244 66.09
Jangampalle 52 24 28 37.41
Koppolu 938 569 369 60.95
Lebaka 2155 1291 864 61.41
Paidikalva 1330 780 550 59.86
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Thollaganganapalle 624 360 264 61.48
Chennur
Dugganapalle 347 218 129 65.97
Gurrampadu 851 513 338 62.57
Mundlapalle 663 393 270 65.97
Rachinnayapalle 471 270 201 67.29
Ramanapalle (Part) 1706 987 719 61.15
Chinthakommadinne
Apparajupalle 245 165 80 59.61
Balupalle 258 171 87 67.19
Chinthakommadinne 5226 3163 2063 69.25
K.Ramachandrapuram 17 10 7 50.00
Kammavaripalle 775 452 323 60.36
Kopparthi 1811 1090 721 62.43
Pabbapuram 485 301 184 55.30
Papasahebpet 240 156 84 53.33
Thadigotla 1703 1008 695 67.45
Pendlimarri
Chabali 196 117 79 53.55
Eguva Palle 273 160 113 69.64
Ganganapalle 1734 1018 716 66.18
Konayapalle 77 51 26 50.33
Kothapeta 203 114 89 66.56
Machanur 1314 833 481 62.66
Moillakalava 1087 640 447 66.04
Rampathadu 967 586 381 67.34
Sangatipalle 681 422 259 61.97
Thippireddipalle 1643 1002 641 56.02
Total 30697 18473 12224 63.39
5Km to 10 KmChinnachepalle 2544 1463 1081 69.70
Dadireddipalle 360 218 142 69.77
Kamalapuram 12909 6944 5965 70.54
Letapalle 488 294 194 62.24
Peddacheppalle 3292 1932 1360 69.07
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Summary of socioeconomic indicators within the study area is given in Table 3-52.
Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study areaS.No Particulars Study Area
Yellareddipalle 695 433 262 56.60
Vallur
Chinnaputha 272 152 120 63.40
Isukapalle 127 72 55 68.65
Kotluru 2208 1323 885 65.15
Kumarunipalle 287 161 126 71.39
Peddaputha 754 427 327 70.07
Putha Chinnayapalle 221 135 86 72.22
Tappetla 1015 639 376 60.67
Vallur 3574 2119 1455 69.18
Venkatesapuram 323 198 125 62.00
Chennur
Chennur 9828 5614 4214 68.99
Kokkarayapalle 671 389 282 66.24
Nazeerbegpalle 540 324 216 59.60
Sivalapalle 545 355 190 53.43
Upparapalle 802 494 308 60.67
Chinthakommadinne
Boggalapalle 1140 632 508 72.06
Buggaletipalle 411 217 194 87.08
Jamal Palle 829 468 361 56.09
Kolumulapalle 1444 874 570 55.84
Peddakampalle 223 143 80 50.68
Pendlimarri
Chinna Dasaripalle 115 72 43 47.13
Kothagiriapalle 364 238 126 55.91
Pagadalapalle 291 171 120 76.18
Pendlimarri 1831 1165 666 58.02
Vellatur 1657 953 704 70.90
Kadapa
Kadapa 255364 139277 116087 78.17
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S.No Particulars Study Area1 Number of villages in the Study Area 63
2 Total Households 118154
3 Total Population 507494
4 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 27863
5 SC Population 73078
6 ST Population 10996
7 Total Working Population 200333
8 Main Workers 170597
9 Marginal Workers 29739
10 Agricultural Workers 67358
11 Household Industries 7454
12 Other Workers 125521
13 Literates 305124
3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key peopleMr. Sudhaman, Panchayat President, Thollaganganapalli
Primary Schools are available and accessible to the students. The dropout rate is very
low.
For higher classes they need to go to nearby locations at 5 Km distance. Kadapa is at
10 Km distance for higher and college education.
The Panchayat has implemented NTR Sujala Sravanthi project for drinking water.
The main occupation of the village is Agriculture and the principal crops are Paddy,
Sunflower, Corn etc.
Agricultural labor is available. Modern agricultural implements are being used for
agriculture activities.MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and
other local infrastructure developments like drainage system, desilting lake etc.
There are 18 Groups of female SHG operating in the village and involved in livelihood
activities.
Buffaloes are being reared in large numbers for better yield of milk and being supplied
to Cooperatives and local consumptions. Veterinary medical care is available.
No grazing land is available, so the fodder cost is the burden to the farmers.
The rate of girl children attending schools and higher studies is increasing.
Health Facility is available at reachable distances and ambulance service easily
availed for emergency purposes.
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Thollaganganapalli Thollaganganapalli
Thollaganganapalli: Ms.G.S.Rani Supervisor/ANM There are no major health issues in the area; normal fever, diarrhea etc are prevalent
due to the seasonal variations.
The major achievement of health systems is adoption of institutional deliveries in the
rural areas. It is due to the awareness of people, strenuous work of field staffs of
health centers, transport facilities.
The Vaccination and other precautionary medical attention are being taken for new
born babies and other children.
It is expected that the upcoming industries take initiates on health care awareness
programs and providing health facilities to rural masses.
Nutrients and other food supplements are supplied to expectant mothers through
Integrated Child Developments Services Scheme (Anganwadi).
Ambavaram There is one Middle School and two Anganwadis available in the village. For any
higher classes, need to go Vallur at 7 Km. The rural road facility is available, but the
proper transport system is not available. One Sub Centre available, but any major
health issues, they need to go to Vallur.
The normal agriculture practice is being practiced. Paddy, Cotton, Ground nut are the
major crops of the area.
The drinking water is supplied from Over Head Tank. The awareness of the
importance of safe drinking is poor.
Skill development program is required, especially for women, as after completion of
their secondary or college education they may be trained for upcoming job
opportunities in nearby industries.
This village has given a large track of land to the project, but the socio economic
profile are not encouraging.
Pydakalva: Mr. Pradeep Reddy, President
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Sunflower, Groundnut and Horticulture crops are the main crops in the village. The
river is flowing at 2 Km distance, but the water is available for agriculture is only 2
months in a year. Organic farming is being practiced.
For primary education, the village has a middle School. But for the higher education
they have to travel upto 7 kms. People find many difficulties in availing health
facilities.
MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and other local infrastructure
developments like drainage system, concrete roads etc.
Pydakalva Kopparthy
Kopparthy : Mr.Janardhan Reddy The main occupation is agriculture and other related activities. Paddy and Sunflower
are the main crops.
Borewells are used for irrigation purpose.
Primary School is available, but for higher education, they need to go to Kadapa.
Cattle rearing are a supplementary occupation of households. The grazing land is not
available in the village.
The land cost of the village has increased many folds due to the upcoming industrial
estate nearby. The agricultural lands along the road are being kept vacant for
converting as non- agriculture lands.
Diguvapalli: Mr.K.Harikrishna Reddy, President, The village has a primary and a High school. The road infrastructure is available for
transportation.
In the case of health needs, they have to travel a long distance.
Water stored in Over Head Tank and the drinking water is supplied in addition to bore
wells. The awareness of safe drinking water is poor.
The bore wells are the main source for agriculture. Cattle rearing are supplementary
livelihood activity in village.
It is also an agricultural village with no other livelihood activities.
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Diguvapalli Rampadhadu
Yogi Vemanna University Veternery Centre, Kopparthy
Yerramaasupalle ICDS Koparth
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Primary School, Koparthy Primary School, Diguvapalli
Tadigudla
Urdu School, Vallur Primary Health Centre, Vallur
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Veterinary Dispensary, Mamillapalli Sub Centre, Ambavaram
Ambavaram Lake AmbavaramGeneral Observations
The agriculture and its related activities are predominant livelihood activities in the
project area and no other specific livelihood activities, except Kadapa urban area.
Paddy, Cotton, Groundnut and Redgram are the main crops. The majority of
farmers are marginal or small farmers due to the fragmentation of land holdings.
The erratic rain and non- remunerative nature of agriculture have forced them as
agricultural and non-agricultural labors.
The input cost, unavailability of agri labour at required time, marketing linkage etc. are
the reasons for shifting from agricultural to non-agricultural occupation. The labors
are getting better income in non agricultural activities and continuous employment,
agri.labors are moving to other profession and migration to other places.
Cattle rearing are the supplementary occupation. Buffaloes are in large numbers than
other cattle due to the higher milk yield and its resistance to the hot climate. There
is a big issue of grazing land for cattle and ruminants.
Sanitation awareness and facilities are poor in the area.
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The authorities in the surrounding villages need to have an aggressive planning and
implementation of basic infrastructure facilities for coping up with future needs.
There is a welcome change in the attitude of women’s education as the education is
given to girl children at par with their counterpart.
The rural youths should provide alternative livelihood by providing skill development
and entrepreneurship development as the education gained by new generations
and their attitudinal change towards agriculture.There is an expectation from the
public that the local people should be provided employment from the upcoming
industries.
The proponent and the industries can associate and promote the various Central
Government and State Government projects/schemes for social and economic
sustainability of the project area.
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CHAPTER-4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANDMITIGATION MEASURES
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4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANDMITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Impact Identification& Evaluation
Once identified, anticipated impacts are analyzed and evaluated based on available information.
The method used for evaluating the overall importance of impacts is based on four fundamental
criteria:
Nature (positive or negative, and direct or indirect);
Duration (temporary or permanent);
Area extent (regional, local, or isolated); and
Intensity (low, moderate, or high).
These criteria enable the determination of the overall importance or significance (low, moderate,
or strong negative/positive) of each impact identified. Even if a particular evaluation is merely
based on a value judgment rather than quantitative data that is not available, the methodology
enables the establishment of acceptable levels and defines necessary mitigation and monitoring
measures to minimize or eliminate impacts.
4.1.1 Nature of impactThe nature of the impact can be described as positive or negative. Positive impacts enhance the
quality or facilitate access to baseline socioeconomic and environmental elements as described
in the above chapter, while negative impacts degrade their quality or limit access. Impacts are
also described as direct or indirect. A direct impact appears as an immediate result of a project
activity, such as the damage to vegetation caused by the development of project land. An
indirect impact arises from a project activity at the secondary level, such as the enhanced
opportunities to for economic development enabled by the project.
4.1.2 Duration of impactThe duration of an impact can be temporary or permanent. Careful attention has been made to
distinguish between the duration and the source of the impact. For example, a source of impact
of short duration (such as turbidity of river water caused by storm runoff from the construction
site during construction) can exert an impact of permanent duration on the downstream
environment (sedimentation of the riverbed). The presence and operation of the infrastructure
works generally impose impacts of permanent duration.
The duration of impact can be classified as below:
Construction Phase: 2 – 3 years;
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The immediate community for the radius of 5 km will be affected. However the impact will be
mainly as below:
a. Traffic Impacts:Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.
b. Air quality impacts:Due to construction activities viz. dust and particulates
c. Water Quality impacts:Due to runoff during rainy time of construction materials.
Sewage generation and its disposal.
d. Noise Quality impacts:Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.
4.1.3 Area extent of impactThe aerial extent of an impact refers to its area of influence and can be regional, local, or
isolated to a particularly small and well defined area. An impact of regional extent exerts an
influence far beyond the surroundings of the project area. The local area of influence refers to
the communities of the North and South west affected by the project. And lastly, an isolated
impact is limited in extent to a small, readily defined area or experienced by a small number of
individuals.
4.1.4 Intensity of impactThe intensity of an impact concerns the scale or size of the impact on socioeconomic and
environmental elements such as the productivity of natural habitat, a community, or the
utilization of resources. Intensity is evaluated as low, moderate or high. Impacts are evaluated
as a function of how they affect the overall integrity of elements and their vulnerability to
degradation or loss in value.
4.2 Construction phase impacts
The impacts on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the
activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below;
4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitatDuring Construction there will be essentially entail the removal and loss of some, if not most, of
the existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of
block and steel concrete structures associated within the project site new infrastructures. This
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would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources,
and thus a direct long-term impact. The site is not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to
construction and did not support any significant ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the
impacts from erecting the new buildings are considered to be not significant in terms of habitat
loss. Impact mitigation is not required during the construction phase. Landscaping of the site,
after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should offset any
negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The
numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected
to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained, and these are expected to play a
greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna
during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically.
4.2.2 Impact on drainage patternThe overall topography of the project site will be radically changed by the erection of buildings
and this will bring moderately significant change in the existing pattern of surface drainage.
Mainly, the impact will arise from the creation of impermeable surfaces (roofs, pavements, etc.,)
and the corresponding reduction in the amount percolation in the soil and capacity of the site to
absorb rainfall.
4.2.3 Erosion of cleared areaVegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction will expose soils in the
affected areas which could leave them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and create the
threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in drains & nearby rivers. The topography of
the site and the pervious nature of the soils will cause erosive surface flows during the
construction works before landscaping and drainage works reduce the susceptibility to soil
erosion. Significant surface features such as gullies, streams or rivers in close proximity to the
site that could be affected by soil erosion.
4.2.4 Impacts of Material TransportationThe various materials required for construction (e.g. Steel, sand, Blocks, Lumber, Marl, Asphalt,
etc.) will be obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site. Transportation of
these materials, typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks, usually results in
undue road wear-and-tear. In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and spillages occur on
the roadways between source and site. Dusting degrades local air quality and material spillages
worsen road driving conditions and increase the risk of road accidents. These occurrences
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represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts on public health and safety related to
the project.
4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality ImpactsDuring the construction phase the ambient air quality in and around the proposed project site
will have marginal adverse impacts due to the various activities which are part of construction
phase. The various activities includes during construction phase such as site preparation,
approach roads, excavation, drilling, foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection,
transportation, dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. The pollutant released during
the construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers. Table 4-1provides the emission from various construction equipments and Figure 4-1 details the impact
due to air environment.
Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment
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Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’sType ofConstructionEquipment
VOC(g/hp-Hr)
CO(g/hp-Hr)
NOX
(g/hp-Hr)
PM10
(g/hp-Hr)
PM 2.5
(g/hp-Hr)
SO2
(g/hp-Hr)
CO2
(g/hp-Hr)
Water Truck 0.440 2.070 50490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000
Diesel Road
Compactors
0.370 1.480 4.900 0.340 0.330 0.740 536.200
Diesel Dump Truck 0.440 2.070 5.490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000
Diesel Excavator 0.340 1.300 4.600 0.320 0.310 0.740 536.000
Diesel Trenchers 0.510 2.440 5.810 0.460 0.440 0.740 535.800
Diesel Bore/Drill Rigs 0.600 2.290 7.150 0.500 0.490 0.730 529.700
Diesel Cement
&Mortar
Mixers
0.610 2.320 7.280 0.480 0.470 0.730 529.700
Diesel Cranes 0.440 1.300 5.720 0.340 0.330 0.730 530.200
Diesel Graders 0.350 1.360 4.730 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300
Diesel Tractors/
Loaders/Backhoes
1.850 8.210 7.220 1.370 1.330 0.950 691.100
Diesel Bull Dozers 0.360 1.380 4.760 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300
Diesel Front End
Loaders
0.380 1.550 5.000 0.350 0.340 0.740 536.200
Diesel Fork Lifts 1.980 75760 8.560 1.390 1.350 0.950 690.800
Diesel Generator Set 1.210 3.760 5.970 0.730 0.710 0.810 587.300
(Source: USEPA 2005 Emission Factors)
Temporary increase in air pollution will result from the use of construction equipments, portable
lights, and fugitive dust. Due to the short duration of the Planned Action, any impacts on
ambient air quality during construction activities are expected to be short term.
4.2.6 Noise EnvironmentFoundation work will involve land excavation, affecting environment by noise. Structural work,
deployment of machinery, approach of road construction and erection of roads will result in
noise and vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation would also lead to significant
noise pollution. Continuous Exposure of workers to high sound levels may result in annoyance,
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fatigue. Albeit annoying, this negative impact will be short-term (limited to the duration of the
road construction works) and is not considered to be a significant threat to the health or
wellbeing of humans. Distance will help to ameliorate noises. The construction Equipment Noise
Emission Levels is given below in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments
Equipment Description AcousticalUsage Factor
(%)
Actual MeasuredLmax @ 50 feet (dBA,
slow) (SamplesAveraged)
Number of ActualData Samples
(Count)
All Other Equipment > 5 HP 50 N/A 0
Auger Drill Rig 20 84 36
Backhoe 40 78 372
Bar Bender 20 N/A 0
Blasting N/A N/A 0
Boring Jack Power Unit 50 83 1
Chain Saw 20 84 46
Clam Shovel (dropping) 20 87 4
Compactor (ground) 20 83 57
Compressor (air) 40 78 18
Concrete Batch Plant 15 N/A 0
Concrete Mixer Truck 40 79 40
Concrete Pump Truck 20 81 30
Concrete Saw 20 90 55
Crane 16 81 405
Dozer 40 82 55
Drill Rig Truck 20 79 22
Drum Mixer 50 80 1
Dump Truck 40 76 31
Excavator 40 81 170
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Equipment Description AcousticalUsage Factor
(%)
Actual MeasuredLmax @ 50 feet (dBA,
slow) (SamplesAveraged)
Number of ActualData Samples
(Count)
Flat Bed Truck 40 74 4
Front End Loader 40 79 96
Generator 50 81 19
Generator (<25KVA, VMSSigns)
50 73 74
Gradall 40 83 70
Grader 40 N/A 0
Grapple (on backhoe) 40 87 1
Horizontal Boring HydraulicJack
25 82 6
Hydra Break Ram 10 N/A 0
Impact Pile Driver 20 101 11
Jackhammer 20 89 133
Man Lift 20 75 23
Mounted Impact Hammer(hoe ram)
20 90 212
Pavement Scarifier 20 90 2
Paver 50 77 9
Pickup Truck 40 75 1
Pneumatic Tools 50 85 90
Pumps 50 81 17
Refrigerator Unit 100 73 3
Rivit Buster/Chipping Gun 20 79 19
Rock Drill 20 81 3
Roller 20 80 16
Sand Blasting (single 20 96 9
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Equipment Description AcousticalUsage Factor
(%)
Actual MeasuredLmax @ 50 feet (dBA,
slow) (SamplesAveraged)
Number of ActualData Samples
(Count)
nozzle)
Scraper 40 84 12
Sheers (on backhoe) 40 96 5
Slurry Plant 100 78 1
Slurry Trenching Machine 50 80 75
Soil Mix Drill Rig 50 N/A 0
Tractor 40 N/A 0
Vacuum Excavator (Vac-Truck)
40 85 149
Vacuum Street Sweeper 10 82 19
Ventilation Fan 100 79 13
Vibrating Hopper 50 87 1
Vibratory Concrete Mixer 20 80 1
Vibratory Pile Driver 20 101 44
Warning Horn 5 83 12
Welder/Torch 40 74 5(Source: Construction Noise handbook –US Department of Transportation)
A construction noise assessment for a major project is performed by comparing the predicted
noise levels with criteria established for the type of project. The approach requires a descriptor,
a standardized prediction method and set recognized criteria for assessing impact. The
descriptor used for construction noise as the Leq. This unit appropriate for the following
reasons.
It can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece of equipment
separately and is easy to combine to represent the noise level from all equipment
operating during a given period.
It can be used to describe the average the noise level during entire phase.
It can be used to describe the average noise over all phases of the construction.
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4.2.7 Water EnvironmentConstruction phase requires large quantities of water to be used in various processing such as
material preparation in equipment’s. Change in quality of water forms an important concern
associated the project particularly during the construction phase. Earth works, crushing of
stones, cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion
are the major factors that affect the water quality during construction phase.
During rainy season, the runoff water joining the water sources from nearby areas of the
development sites will add more such debris and soil particles to enhance the level of
suspended solids in the water bodies. This will adversely affect the fishes and other aquatic life
forms apart from the human beings who are dependent on the surface water for their daily
use.Figure 4-2 details the impact on water environment due to the project.
Following are the most susceptible locations for contamination of water during construction:
Waterlogged areas have water in them during the period of construction. Land fill
material may increase the turbidity of this water logged body and thereby may
invite vector of disease.
Surface and ground water resources close to construction material storage yard,
concrete mixer plants and maintenance sites of construction vehicles;
Leakage of lubricant or spill may cause water pollution of surface and ground
water body.
Impact due to accidental spills or due to bad construction practice, will be short
term and low in magnitude and confined to the construction period only.
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Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment
4.2.8 Biological EnvironmentDust emissions from the construction activity will affect the plant and animal respiration activity.
Construction activities change the natural environment. But it also creates a built environment
for the surrounding. Emissions such as PM10, PM2.5, NOX, SOX from D.G sets and other vehicles
may also cause respiration problem for the surrounding organisms. The extent of the pollution
will be about 2km fromthe project area.
4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment
a) Positive Impacts
Income to the Equipment and Material suppliers This project will promote the procurement of equipment’s and machineries for the
various activities involved during the construction phase where it is technically and
commercially feasible.
Procurement of material suppliers for various activities involved in the construction
phase which will also promote the growth of the economy of the local material suppliers
in and around the proposed Project site.
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Employment Opportunities Proposed project will create employment opportunities to the local peoples living around
the Project Site and its nearest villages.
At this stage it is not possible to accurately determine the number of workers that will be
employed on the site during the construction phase but it is estimated that this number
would be between 600 persons throughout the construction phase. These levels of
short-term employment opportunities would have a positive impact on the local economy
and on regional unemployment.
b) Negative Impacts
OHS Risks to Construction Workers During construction phase of the proposed project the employers are subject to Health
and Safety Risks.
To eradicate the Health and Safety risks to the employers Personal Protective
Equipment’s will be provided.
Ensuring good housekeeping and cleaning operations.
Sanitation Facilities Proper on Site Sanitation facilities will be provided for the employers.
The wastewater generated during construction phase will be treated in the Proposed
Septic Tank and Soak Pit.
4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase
Mitigation is the implementation of measures designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a
proposed project on the environment. As companies and individuals all, we have an important
role to play in protecting the environment, which is very sensitive to change and once damaged
can take a long time to recover.
For mitigation to be effective the following factors should be taken care of;
The measure proposed must be achievable within time, resources and
capabilities
The mitigation measures must correspond to impacts
Funding must be adequate over the life of the activity
Preventive mitigation is usually cheapest and most effective. It must be done at
design stage.
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Mitigation measures can be categorized with respect to construction and operation phase. For
the mitigation of environmental impacts various environmental infrastructures have been
proposed and are given in following sections.
The mitigation measures on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding
environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below:
4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife HabitatDevelopment of green belt during construction stage will see the introduction of plants and trees
which will offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at
the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping
exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained and these are
expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other
terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing
aesthetically.
4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the project
premises, Rain Water Harvesting System is proposed throughout the
Industrial park and the excess rain water will be diverted to the nearby tanks
within the site after proper treatment.
If during excavation, water accumulates in the excavated areas, then it should
be pumped out and disposed off either in the municipal storm water drain or
into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells.
4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared AreasNon-structural measures mainly control the “vulnerability” component of flood risk,
they include:
Spatial planning policy with a presumption against development or
encroachment of economic activities onto flood plains.
Re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as
possible.
Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that
threaten to erode or result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent marine
waters
Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the
construction phase of the project.
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Building regulations to control the additional runoff from any development in
the catchment outside the flood plain.
Regulations to control increases in vulnerability to flooding and of flood plain
use.
Provision of effective warning systems with emergency response plans.
Public education in flood risk and encouragement of personal measures to
reduce flood losses.
For control of flooding in urban areas, land use planning and implementation
of adequate capacity drainage network is essential. Drainage improvement
shall be integrated into the master plan for water management in the urban
areas.
4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation All fine earth materials will be covered during transportation to the site to
prevent spillage and dusting.
Trucks used for that purpose on the project will be fitted with tailgates that
close properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials.
The cleanup of spilled earth and construction material on the main roads will
be the responsibility of the contractor and will be done in a timely manner (say
within 4 hours) so as not to inconvenience or endanger other road users.
These requirements will be included as clauses within contracts made with
relevant sub-contractors.
Transportation of lubricants and fuel to the site will be doneonly in the
appropriate vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums.
As far as possible, transport of construction materials will be scheduled for off-
peak traffic hours. This will reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road
accidents on the access roads to the site.
4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality
a. Mitigation measures for Air Pollution Site clearance, excavation and earthmoving
The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of
boulders or temporary or permanent structures will be sprayed with water or a
dust suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the
operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet.
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Access roadEvery main haul road will be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore
or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust
suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet.
Construction equipment’s• All machineries to be used for construction purpose will be of highest
standard of reputed make and compliance of noise pollution control norms by
these equipment’s will be emphasized by company.
• Acoustic laggings and silencers will be used in equipment’s wherever
possible.
• Feasibility of putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas
with high noise levels will also be explored.
• Transport vehicles and construction equipment’s / machineries will be
properly maintained to reduce air emissions.
• Equipment’s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against
stipulated norms.
• Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure quick dispersal
of gaseous emissions.
Use of vehicle• Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle shall be washed
to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels.
• Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty
materials, the load shall be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to
ensure that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicle.
Excavation and earth movingThe working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be
sprayed with water or a dusty suppression chemical immediately before during
and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet.
Stock Piles• All loose material either stocked or transported shall be provided with suitable
covering such as tarpaulin, etc.
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• Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is
anticipated.
• Over Burden (OB) waste dumps shall be sprayed with water as they are
major sources of air borne particulate matter/dust.
• OB waste dumps shall be reclaimed / afforested to bind the loose soil and to
prevent soil erosion.
DG Set• D.G. set should be placed in an acoustic enclosure.
• D.G. set should be placed on the wooden platform to minimize the vibration.
• The green belt development will also help in reducing noise levels in the
campus.
4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage The stockpiling of construction materials will be properly managed and
controlled. Fine grained materials (sand, marl, etc.) will be stockpiled away
from surface drainage channels and features.
Low beams will be placed around the piles and/or tarpaulin used to cover
open piles of stored materials to prevent them from being washed away during
rainfall.
Safe storage areas will be identified and retaining structures constructed prior
to the arrival of material.
Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) will be properly stored in appropriate
containers and these should be safely locked away. Conspicuous warning
signs (e.g. ‘No Smoking’) will also be posted around hazardous waste storage
and handling facilities.
Refueling and maintenance of heavy construction vehicles at the site, will be
done at specified areas or makeshift "depots" where measures are in place to
deal with spillages and temporary storage of oily wastes. These depots will be
located in an area that would ultimately be permanently paved (e.g. parking
lots) thereby covering contaminated soil if any. The ground at the depot site
will be covered with a thick layer of marl to absorb any spillages.
Subsequently, this marl layer will be removed for proper disposal. In the event
of a large spill, the area must be cleaned up immediately by excavating the
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
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contaminated soil and removing it in a secure vehicle to an approved disposal
site.
In order to reduce ground contamination, an impervious sump or container will
be placed under the spigots of fuel drums to collect drippings.
4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds will be restricted to
normal working hours.
Workers operating equipment that generates noise will be equipped with noise
protection gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater
than 70 dB (A) continuously for 8 hours or more will use earmuffs. Workers
experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70 – 80 dB (A)will wear earplugs.
The construction activities will be restricted to the daytime and no construction
will be practiced during night.
Barricades will be provided around the construction site to confine noise within
the site.
To reduce the impact of air and noise pollution and to provide a clean, healthy
environment, it has been proposed to create and maintain a green belt around
the periphery of the Industrial Park and along the roadsides.
4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment Excavation will be avoided during monsoon season
Check dams will be provided at appropriate location to prevent construction
runoff from the site to the surrounding water bodies.
Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks
will be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent
wastewater from entering the ground water or surrounding water bodies.
To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof
containers will be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease.
No abstraction of groundwater during construction.
4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment The dust emissions will be suppressed by spraying water and then the
activities will be carried out.
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Emissions from D.G sets and vehicles will be minimized by proper
maintenance and by avoiding use of adulterant fuels and will be maintained
below the standard limits prescribed by competent authority.
Important species of trees will be identified and marked and will be merged
with landscape plan.
4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal A site waste management plan will be prepared by the contractor prior to
commencement of building. This will include the designation of appropriate
waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of
approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and monitoring.
Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made the responsibility of
the building contractor with the system being monitored independently.
Special attention will be given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of
solid waste produced during site preparation and construction. To reduce
organic waste, softer vegetation will be composted onsite and used for soil
amendment during landscaping.
Most of the construction materials like soil, bricks, concrete will be reused in
the backfilling, road construction, sub-grade reparation etc. works. Metals,
word scraps & bitumen junks will be recycled either within site or outside with
help of the local authority. The measures like reusing materials on-site and /or
donating /selling salvaged items reduces waste, virgin material use and
disposal cost.
Vegetation and combustible waste will not be burntat site.
Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) will be stockpiled away from
drainage features and used for filling where necessary.
Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other
construction materials, will be disposed of at an approved dumpsite.
4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment The soil will be collected separately and preserved in stacks with side slopes
not exceeding 1:5. The topsoil (soil on the top 15 cm patch) will be preserved
separately in a stack covered by tarpaulin. Efforts will be made to reinstate the
soil for backfilling purposes. Topsoil will be reused for horticultural areas.
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The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residue from concrete mixer
plants will be properly collected and disposed off.
4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase Construction related activities will be confined only to project site area, hence
no health related impact are envisaged within the project influenced area
during the construction stage and will be limited to occupant levels.
At the project site much direct exposure to dust generation and high noise
generation sources likely to cause occupant health related impact such as
asthma, bronchitis and Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) etc. on the
construction workers. In order to offset such effects, proper drinking water,
sanitation and first aid facility will be provided at the construction site, with
trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational
health impacts on the construction workers.
4.4 Operation Phase Impacts
The impacts on Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding
environment during the Operation phase are discussed below;
4.4.1 Ambient Air QualityThe potential impact on air quality would mainly be from boilers/ Thermic Fluid Heaters and
Diesel Generators due to combustion of fuel.
The operation of Diesel Generators would be only during the power interruption
from supply from APEPDCL, when emissions due to combustion of fuel (High
Speed Diesel) will take place. But the operation of boilers/ Thermic Fluid heaters
would generate more emissions since the duration of operation is more. The
anticipated key air emissions from the project would be particulate matter, Oxides
of Nitrogen (NOX), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO).
Emission of PM, NOX, SOX, CO from Boilers/ thermic Fluid Heaters, D.G set and
Vehicular traffic and also dust emission from vehicular movement may pollute the
ambient air quality which in turn cause breathing problem to the people who are
nearby.
The primary risks to air quality concern the emissions from the DG sets.
Combustion of fossil fuels produces harmful emissions of particulate matter (PM),
Ozone (O3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), and Carbon monoxide
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
Pradesh
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(CO) in the air, which can affect human health. Ash residues and the dust removed
from exhaust gases may contain significant levels of heavy metals and some
organic compounds. Important health impacts are discussed below.
The major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NOx are combustion processes
(boilers/ thermic fluid heaters, DG sets).
The major components of PM are sulphate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride,
carbon, mineral dust and water. Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the
risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as of lung
cancer. As no threshold for PM has been identified below which no damage to
health is observed, the recommended value should represent an acceptable and
achievable objective to minimize health effects in the context of local constraints,
capabilities and public health priorities.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced as a combustion by-product from carbon-
based fuels. Any combustion process (power production, engines in vehicles and
ships, or other fuel burning equipment) has the potential to produce carbon
monoxide, an odourless, tasteless, and colorless gas. Inhaled carbon monoxide
enters the bloodstream and combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin
(COHb), which reduces the blood’s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues.
People with several types of heart disease already have a reduced capacity for
pumping oxygenated blood to the heart. For these people, short-term CO exposure
further affects their body’s already compromised ability to respond to the increased
oxygen demands when exercising or under increased exertion. Healthy individuals
are also affected at higher levels of CO exposure. Exposure to elevated outdoor
CO levels is associated with fatigue, visual impairment, headache, and reduced
manual dexterity. At extremely high concentrations, CO can cause death.
Air Modeling for operation phaseAERMOD Software Version 7.5.0 was used for air dispersion modeling and is applicable to a
wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition to
more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion
scenarios. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it
assumes the concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the
convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian,
but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function (pdf).
This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL wasdemonstrated by Willis and
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
Pradesh
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Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats “plume lofting,”
whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near
the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any
plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the
boundary layer when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD
treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander. The emissions from
proposed utilitystacks have been taken as basis for modeling and are shown in Table 4-3. The
emissions from DG sets taken as basis for modeling is given in Table 4-4. The Ground level
concentrationsdue to Utility stacks are given inFigure 4-3, Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5. The
maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-5 and for DG stacks is given in Figure4-6, Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8. The maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-6.The combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks is given in Table 4-7.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255389.00 m E,
1606067.00 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507
2 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255971.00 m E,1605765.00 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507
3 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255408.00 m E,1605560.00 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507
4 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255741.00 m E,1605895.00 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507
5 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255218.00 m E,1605386.00 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507
6 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252802.24 m E,1603112.47 mN
Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 1.2 14 0.414 1.81 0.142
7 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252817.46 m E,1603254.05 mN
Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142
8 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252970.17 m E,1603003.71 mN
Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
9 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252798.48 m E,1603167.73 mN
Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142
10 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252872.58 m E,1603072.08 mN
Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142
11 Paint Industry 38.86 255804.38 m E,1606363.29 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518
12 Paint Industry 38.86 256093.11 m E,1606361.02 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518
13 Paint Industry 38.86 255724.48 m E,1606467.18 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518
14 Paint Industry 38.86 256039.36 m E,1606309.39 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518
15 Paint Industry 38.86 255675.68 m E,1606401.51 mN
Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518
16 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 255799.80 m E,1606208.50 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
17 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 255962.97 m E,1606500.54 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
18 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256204.97 m E,1606471.22 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
19 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256253.57 m E,1606351.08 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
20 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256065.57 m E,1606265.63 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
21 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256165.01 m E,1606429.93 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
22 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256130.21 m E,1606280.19 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
23 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256180.18 m E,1606391.95 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
24 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256120.68 m E,1606329.25 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
25 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256166.20 m E,1606523.92 mN
Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673
26 Foodprocessing
18.33 254986.84 m E,1603411.46 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
27 Foodprocessing
18.33 254808.26 m E,1603384.07 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
28 Foodprocessing
18.33 254776.77 m E,1603205.38 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
29 Foodprocessing
18.33 254774.09 m E,1603088.99 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
30 Foodprocessing
18.33 254830.39 m E,1603307.03 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
31 Foodprocessing
18.33 254605.50 m E,1603228.56 mN
Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829
32 Soft drinks 16.72 257580.26 m E,1604257.84 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
33 Soft drinks 16.72 257571.38 m E,1604072.87 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
34 Soft drinks 16.72 257473.85 m E,1603992.50 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
35 Soft drinks 16.72 257307.54 m E,1604181.30 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
36 Soft drinks 16.72 257264.98 m E,1604105.64 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
37 Soft drinks 16.72 257399.13 m E,1604175.82 mN
Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736
38 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257903.73 m E,1604598.29 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
39 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257854.01 m E,1604571.68 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
40 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257930.12 m E,1604575.38 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
41 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257935.23 m E,1604545.89 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
42 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257863.07 m E,1604543.73 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
43 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257861.05 m E,1604503.24 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
44 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257948.84 m E,1604505.55 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
45 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257920.51 m E,1604485.27 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
46 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257877.13 m E,1604477.95 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
47 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257821.71 m E,1604555.79 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289
48 Agro basedunits
9.44 257920.61 m E,1604377.94 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
49 Agro basedunits
9.44 257929.65 m E,1604312.38 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
50 Agro basedunits
9.44 257851.68 m E,1604305.57 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
51 Agro basedunits
9.44 257900.22 m E,1604265.46 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
52 Agro basedunits
9.44 257882.93 m E,1604239.59 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
53 Agro basedunits
9.44 257808.73 m E,1604210.55 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
54 Agro basedunits
9.44 257881.24 m E,1604196.90 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
55 Agro basedunits
9.44 257805.25 m E,1604283.73 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
56 Agro basedunits
9.44 257799.48 m E,1604230.89 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
57 Agro basedunits
9.44 257861.42 m E,1604276.93 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
58 Agro basedunits
9.44 257849.81 m E,1604218.10 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
59 Agro basedunits
9.44 257905.50 m E,1604225.81 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
60 Agro basedunits
9.44 257922.65 m E,1604247.21 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
61 Agro basedunits
9.44 257939.17 m E,1604228.65 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
62 Agro basedunits
9.44 257814.77 m E,1604253.13 mN
Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
63 Textile 16.48 257084.12 m E,1604771.33 mN
Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184
64 Textile 16.48 257250.89 m E,1604564.89 mN
Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184
65 Textile 16.48 257158.75 m E,1604498.18 mN
Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184
66 Textile 16.48 257096.33 m E,1604433.65 mN
Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184
67 Textile 16.48 258237.07 m E,1605000.67 mN
Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184
68 GlassManufacturing
75.18 256027.55 m E,1598279.54 mN
Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.97734
69 GlassManufacturing
75.18 257758.47 m E,1598505.62 mN
Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.97734
70 Automobileparts
12.08 256984.69 m E,1599693.06 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
71 Automobileparts
12.08 257065.50 m E,1599650.95 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
72 Automobileparts
12.08 257044.02 m E,1599779.37 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
73 Automobileparts
12.08 256859.36 m E,1599713.50 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
74 Automobileparts
12.08 256660.82 m E,1599600.32 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
75 Automobileparts
12.08 257050.78 m E,1599543.50 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
76 Automobileparts
12.08 256797.74 m E,1599688.00 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
77 Automobileparts
12.08 256951.87 m E,1599573.38 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
78 Automobileparts
12.08 257298.32 m E,1599634.15 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
79 Automobileparts
12.08 257260.51 m E,1599541.23 mN
Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174
80 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256918.92 m E,1599502.94 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
81 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256949.39 m E,1599643.79 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
82 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256735.86 m E,1599579.55 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
83 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256589.14 m E,1599539.49 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
84 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256444.19 m E,1599552.88 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
85 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256416.51 m E,1599663.46 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
86 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256435.17 m E,1599513.31 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
87 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256307.90 m E,1599634.27 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
88 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256297.66 m E,1599584.43 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
89 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256473.53 m E,1599603.65 mN
Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 176
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
90 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254954.93 m E,1600397.63 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221
91 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254867.30 m E,1600477.63 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221
92 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254849.38 m E,1600379.97 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221
93 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254919.50 m E,1600341.18 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221
94 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254888.19 m E,1600614.31 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221
95 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254807.69 m E,1600590.29 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221
96 MetallurgicalIndustries
17.23 255161.04 m E,1600615.07 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 6 0.65474 2.86018 0.22399
97 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 255041.03 m E,1600451.56 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221
98 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 255023.95 m E,1600412.27 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil
28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 177
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
99 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254847.91 m E,1600443.06 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221
100 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255410.00 m E,1600132.00 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773
101 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255609.74 m E,1600057.68 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773
102 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255407.06 m E,1600092.02 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773
103 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255220.21 m E,1600059.46 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773
104 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255291.01 m E,1600159.66 mN
Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773
105 Carbon Black 62.23 255486.25 m E,1600172.45 mN
Boiler 3T,dryer, purgegas
408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337
106 Carbon Black 62.23 255586.00 m E,1600107.25 mN
Boiler 3T,dryer, purgegas
408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337
107 Carbon Black 62.23 255707.62 m E,1600105.67 mN
Boiler 3T,dryer, purgegas
408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 178
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
108 Steel rerolling 5 254169.27 m E,1603955.57 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
109 Steel rerolling 5.2 254075.57 m E,1604094.37 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.1976 0.8632 0.0676
110 Steel rerolling 5 254319.32 m E,1603821.26 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
111 Steel rerolling 5 254210.90 m E,1603639.68 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
112 Steel rerolling 5 253512.03 m E,1603748.92 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
113 Steel rerolling 5 253119.11 m E,1603835.93 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
114 Steel rerolling 5 252992.33 m E,1603565.57 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
115 Steel rerolling 5 252933.18 m E,1603595.71 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
116 Steel rerolling 5 252958.65 m E,1603535.24 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 179
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
117 Steel rerolling 5 253214.58 m E,1603768.92 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
118 Steel rerolling 5 253159.84 m E,1603732.06 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
119 Steel rerolling 5 253225.58 m E,1603712.82 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
120 Steel rerolling 5 253253.59 m E,1603613.84 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
121 Steel rerolling 5 253433.03 m E,1603903.43 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
122 Steel rerolling 5 253283.28 m E,1603893.27 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
123 Steel rerolling 5 253468.31 m E,1603702.24 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
124 Steel rerolling 5 253456.52 m E,1603443.28 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
125 Steel rerolling 5 253220.96 m E,1603475.63 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 180
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
126 Steel rerolling 5 253022.10 m E,1603458.71 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
127 Steel rerolling 5 253053.00 m E,1603667.00 mN
Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065
128 R and D units 10.774 255525.11 m E,1605019.11 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
129 R and D units 10.774 255324.05 m E,1604838.17 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
130 R and D units 10.774 255237.76 m E,1605108.06 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
131 R and D units 10.774 255049.88 m E,1604722.79 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
132 R and D units 10.774 255407.90 m E,1605098.63 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
133 R and D units 10.774 255485.93 m E,1604858.24 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
134 R and D units 10.774 255283.85 m E,1604698.50 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 181
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
135 R and D units 10.774 254936.67 m E,1604864.20 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
136 R and D units 10.774 255115.49 m E,1605091.96 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
137 R and D units 10.774 255217.99 m E,1604989.26 mN
Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062
138 CementManufacturing
58.59 256145.33 m E,1600566.07 mN
Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.76167
139 CementManufacturing
58.59 255760.54 m E,1600504.11 mN
Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.76167
140 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54.2 254211.44 m E,1604883.92 mN
Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.0596 8.9972 0.7046
141 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253882.48 m E,1604378.38 mN
Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702
142 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253783.42 m E,1604765.83 mN
Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702
143 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253481.22 m E,1604614.05 mN
Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 182
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Source Temp (K)
Fuel StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity (m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
144 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253881.62 m E,1604647.27 mN
Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 183
Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 184
Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 185
Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 186
Table 4-4DG Stack emission details
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255492.00 mE,1605978.00m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
2 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255897.00 mE,1605596.00m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
3 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255160.00 mE,1605587.00m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
4 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255659.00 mE,1605769.00m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
5 SyntheticOrganicchemicals
38.97 255022.00 mE,1605424.00m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
6 Lead acidbatteries
20.16 254696.00 mE,1604725.00m N
132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
7 Lead acidbatteries
20.16 254282.00 mE,1604451.00m N
132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 187
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
8 Lead acidbatteries
20.16 254396.98 mE,1604655.56m N
132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
9 Lead acidbatteries
20.16 255291.10 mE,1599892.98m N
132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
10 Lead acidbatteries
20.16 255389.94 mE,1599617.86m N
132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133
11 Waste oil/drumsprocessingunits
11.08 253487.00 mE,1602807.00m N
126 24 3.66093 15 0.5 6.2 0.001 0.002415 0.018
12 Waste oil/drumsprocessingunits
11.08 253654.64 mE,1602664.35m N
126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018
13 Waste oil/drumsprocessingunits
11.08 254098.00 mE,1602873.00m N
126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018
14 Waste oil/drumsprocessingunits
11.08 254046.54 mE,1602763.03m N
126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018
15 Waste oil/drums
11.08 254069.00 mE,
126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 188
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
processingunits
1602689.00m N
16 Solventrecovery units
10.91 253010.68 mE,1603058.59m N
138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018
17 Solventrecovery units
10.91 253189.33 mE,1603188.50m N
138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018
18 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252950.00 mE,1603201.00m N
138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018
19 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252951.34 mE,1603134.46m N
138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018
20 Solventrecovery units
10.91 252921.57 mE,1603017.49m N
138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018
21 Lubricatingoils
2 255167.83 mE,1598162.10m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
22 Lubricatingoils
2 255054.00 mE,1598128.00m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 189
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
23 Lubricatingoils
2 255003.50 mE,1598098.06m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
24 Lubricatingoils
2 254963.27 mE,1598066.23m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
25 Lubricatingoils
2 254977.86 mE,1598087.25m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
26 Lubricatingoils
2 254968.92 mE,1598078.93m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
27 Lubricatingoils
2 254956.48 mE,1598058.96m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
28 Lubricatingoils
2 254954.84 mE,1598063.92m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
29 Lubricatingoils
2 254960.27 mE,1598070.32m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
30 Lubricatingoils
2 255064.12 mE,
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 190
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1598029.47m N
31 Lubricatingoils
2 255006.90 mE,1598040.20m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
32 Lubricatingoils
2 254968.62 mE,1598040.82m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
33 Lubricatingoils
2 254978.27 mE,1598022.04m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
34 Lubricatingoils
2 254972.00 mE,1598051.00m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
35 Lubricatingoils
2 254960.50 mE,1598030.63m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
36 Lubricatingoils
2 254958.02 mE,1598021.36m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
37 Lubricatingoils
2 254955.03 mE,1598038.75m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 191
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
38 Lubricatingoils
2 254947.82 mE,1598027.94m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
39 Lubricatingoils
2 254935.25 mE,1598051.60m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
40 Lubricatingoils
2 254938.52 mE,1598042.93m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
41 Lubricatingoils
2 254973.94 mE,1598003.10m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
42 Lubricatingoils
2 255017.80 mE,1598026.78m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
43 Lubricatingoils
2 255013.76 mE,1598010.60m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
44 Lubricatingoils
2 254996.91 mE,1598001.72m N
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
45 Lubricatingoils
2 255015.64 mE,
146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 192
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1598000.84m N
46 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage
23.1 252744.92 mE,1603481.76m N
151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
47 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage
23.1 252671.06 mE,1603382.97m N
151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
48 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage
23.1 252754.88 mE,1603310.69m N
151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
49 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage
23.1 252659.32 mE,1603306.65m N
151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
50 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage
23.1 252621.04 mE,1603271.82m N
151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
51 Paint Industry 38.86 255621.39 mE,1606482.46m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133
52 Paint Industry 38.86 255466.74 mE,1606372.24m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 193
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
53 Paint Industry 38.86 255684.73 mE,1606249.30m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133
54 Paint Industry 38.86 255913.94 mE,1606399.38m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133
55 Paint Industry 38.86 255921.00 mE,1606253.09m N
136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133
56 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256169.70 mE,1606310.78m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
57 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256045.30 mE,1606208.71m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
58 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 255890.45 mE,1606152.21m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
59 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256121.39 mE,1606458.31m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
60 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256268.02 mE,
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 194
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1606397.09m N
61 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 255980.96 mE,1606038.54m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
62 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256105.20 mE,1606127.08m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
63 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256162.72 mE,1606218.97m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
64 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256060.10 mE,1605952.66m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
65 Dyes andIntermediates
18.21 256226.09 mE,1606026.92m N
149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
66 Foodprocessing
18.33 254893.59 mE,1603467.10m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
67 Foodprocessing
18.33 254673.73 mE,1603313.39m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 195
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
68 Foodprocessing
18.33 254961.44 mE,1603310.48m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
69 Foodprocessing
18.33 254626.14 mE,1603078.18m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
70 Foodprocessing
18.33 254940.81 mE,1603114.48m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
71 Foodprocessing
18.33 254758.02 mE,1602975.41m N
151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
72 Soft drinks 16.72 257207.36 mE,1604230.25m N
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
73 Soft drinks 16.72 257594.61 mE,1604189.05m N
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
74 Soft drinks 16.72 257570.01 mE,1604436.00m N
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
75 Soft drinks 16.72 257404.04 mE,
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 196
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1604084.49m N
76 Soft drinks 16.72 257226.67 mE,1604006.27m N
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
77 Soft drinks 16.72 257532.03 mE,1604030.87m N
139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074
78 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257918.00 mE,1604651.00m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
79 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257917.98 mE,1604519.52m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
80 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257817.06 mE,1604590.23m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
81 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257893.01 mE,1604433.33m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
82 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 258008.41 mE,1604569.55m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 197
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
83 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257995.07 mE,1604510.39m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
84 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257999.97 mE,1604454.81m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
85 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257824.79 mE,1604659.77m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
86 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257993.57 mE,1604625.70m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
87 Milk chillingand Diary
12.53 257805.77 mE,1604531.22m N
148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045
88 Agro basedunits
9.44 257848.79 mE,1604251.57m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
89 Agro basedunits
9.44 257798.14 mE,1604173.26m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
90 Agro basedunits
9.44 257757.38 mE,
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 198
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1604102.51m N
91 Agro basedunits
9.44 257905.30 mE,1604338.08m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
92 Agro basedunits
9.44 257757.52 mE,1604017.27m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
93 Agro basedunits
9.44 257754.00 mE,1604318.81m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
94 Agro basedunits
9.44 257644.46 mE,1604139.72m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
95 Agro basedunits
9.44 257781.82 mE,1604404.38m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
96 Agro basedunits
9.44 257805.99 m, 1604462.30m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
97 Agro basedunits
9.44 257959.17 mE,1604400.49m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 199
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
98 Agro basedunits
9.44 257875.00 mE,1604391.82m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
99 Agro basedunits
9.44 257831.87 mE,1604335.20m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
100 Agro basedunits
9.44 257963.68 mE,1604340.53m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
101 Agro basedunits
9.44 257972.05 mE,1604284.37m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
102 Agro basedunits
9.44 257947.58 mE,1604210.23m N
155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03
103 Textile 16.48 258208.83 mE,1605074.60m N
147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09
104 Textile 16.48 258377.68 mE,1605037.96m N
147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09
105 Textile 16.48 257319.96 mE,
147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 200
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1604646.95m N
106 Textile 16.48 257135.69 mE,1604617.37m N
147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09
107 Textile 16.48 257127.40 mE,1604557.69m N
147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09
108 Garments 6.48 258039.99 mE,1598466.95m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
109 Garments 6.48 258159.44 mE,1598408.31m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
110 Garments 6.48 258126.59 mE,1598342.96m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
111 Garments 6.48 258027.33 mE,1598381.53m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
112 Garments 6.48 258194.96 mE,1598354.48m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 201
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
113 Garments 6.48 258231.42 mE,1598299.17m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
114 Garments 6.48 258138.06 mE,1598299.99m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
115 Garments 6.48 258082.06 mE,1598281.16m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
116 Garments 6.48 258221.45 mE,1598238.32m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
117 Garments 6.48 258105.91 mE,1598200.42m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225
118 GlassManufacturing
75.18 257781.65 mE,1598556.09m N
156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33
119 GlassManufacturing
75.18 255939.44 mE,1598221.25m N
156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33
120 Automobileparts
12.08 255020.00 mE,
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 202
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1598399.00m N
121 Automobileparts
12.08 255058.58 mE,1598311.36m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
122 Automobileparts
12.08 254914.30 mE,1598378.40m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
123 Automobileparts
12.08 254949.85 mE,1598335.01m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
124 Automobileparts
12.08 254899.41 mE,1598288.12m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
125 Automobileparts
12.08 257026.67 mE,1599608.03m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
126 Automobileparts
12.08 256722.92 mE,1599653.56m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
127 Automobileparts
12.08 257196.01 mE,1599743.29m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 203
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
128 Automobileparts
12.08 257137.48 mE,1599595.93m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
129 Automobileparts
12.08 256969.47 mE,1599725.88m N
146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
130 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256416.76 mE,1599605.00m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
131 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256329.67 mE,1599480.75m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
132 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256345.91 mE,1599531.60m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
133 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256551.81 mE,1599576.40m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
134 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256542.44 mE,1599497.08m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
135 Electricalmachinery
7.233 256518.56 mE,
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 204
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
parts 1599637.81m N
136 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256380.62 mE,1599689.63m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
137 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256701.83 mE,1599547.01m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
138 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256858.77 mE,1599631.65m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
139 Electricalmachineryparts
7.233 256877.91 mE,1599573.04m N
146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
140 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258032.94 mE,1600028.13m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
141 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257845.28 mE,1599972.19m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
142 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257963.24 mE,1599864.54m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 205
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
143 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257805.30 mE,1599857.45m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
144 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258021.33 mE,1599950.11m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
145 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257974.13 mE,1599930.43m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
146 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257862.42 mE,1599907.00m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
147 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257917.92 mE,1599969.47m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
148 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257919.98 mE,1599930.87m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
149 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257926.03 mE,1599900.18m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
150 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257905.44 mE,
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 206
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1599880.87m N
151 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257859.60 mE,1599945.33m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
152 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257981.34 mE,1599903.58m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
153 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 257955.17 mE,1599885.63m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
154 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258346.93 mE,1600012.07m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
155 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258337.32 mE,1599874.66m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
156 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258260.74 mE,1599950.57m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
157 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258186.85 mE,1600012.71m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 207
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
158 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258178.66 mE,1599908.88m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
159 Gems andjewellery
5.8375 258587.66 mE,1599878.75m N
164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031
160 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254958.89 mE,1600534.50m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
161 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 255192.01 mE,1600658.34m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
162 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254902.91 mE,1600689.34m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
163 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 255054.19 mE,1600511.13m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
164 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254947.59 mE,1600444.97m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
165 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254842.81 mE,
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 208
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1600414.41m N
166 MetallurgicalIndustries
17.23 254990.90 mE,1600372.63m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
167 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254868.83 mE,1600330.14m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
168 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254832.93 mE,1600264.74m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
169 MetallurgicalIndustries
17 254784.66 mE,1600291.21m N
164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078
170 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255554.64 mE,1600276.06m N
146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2
171 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255390.00 mE,1600181.00m N
146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2
172 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255257.08 mE,1600104.52m N
146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 209
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
173 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255381.19 mE,1600023.43m N
146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2
174 Industrialcarbon
15.21 255335.37 mE,1599996.43m N
146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2
175 Carbon Black 62.233333 255760.52 mE,1600159.47m N
146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33
176 Carbon Black 62.233333 255646.38 mE,1600033.80m N
146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33
177 Carbon Black 62.233333 255584.38 mE,1600147.95m N
146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33
178 Steel rerolling 5 255527.00 mE,1600210.00m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
179 Steel rerolling 5.2 254514.89 mE,1604162.00m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
180 Steel rerolling 5 254283.42 mE,
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 210
S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1604123.83m N
181 Steel rerolling 5 253541.29 mE,1604116.17m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
182 Steel rerolling 5 253875.47 mE,1603939.98m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
183 Steel rerolling 5 253253.64 mE,1603972.22m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
184 Steel rerolling 5 253559.62 mE,1603845.74m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
185 Steel rerolling 5 253287.59 mE,1603838.94m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
186 Steel rerolling 5 253295.81 mE,1603726.44m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
187 Steel rerolling 5 253934.92 mE,1603662.54m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
188 Steel rerolling 5 253532.25 mE,1603631.58m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
189 Steel rerolling 5 253004.37 mE,1603697.86m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
190 Steel rerolling 5 252950.66 mE,1603634.16m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
191 Steel rerolling 5 253177.00 mE,1603644.44m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
192 Steel rerolling 5 253103.06 mE,1603603.11m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
193 Steel rerolling 5 253103.02 mE,1603749.34m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
194 Steel rerolling 5 253065.59 mE,1603504.54m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
195 Steel rerolling 5 253431.77 mE,
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
1603544.53m N
196 Steel rerolling 5 253338.15 mE,1603613.14m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
197 Steel rerolling 5 253313.29 mE,1603523.38m N
152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
198 R and D units 10.774 255960.71 mE,1604945.60m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
199 R and D units 10.774 255731.40 mE,1604872.69m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
200 R and D units 10.774 255773.74 mE,1605179.08m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
201 R and D units 10.774 255688.13 mE,1605060.55m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
202 R and D units 10.774 255479.66 mE,1605201.03m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
203 R and D units 10.774 255183.33 mE,1604841.51m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
204 R and D units 10.774 255070.47 mE,1604971.73m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
205 R and D units 10.774 255461.66 mE,1604936.52m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
206 R and D units 10.774 255454.90 mE,1604711.73m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
207 R and D units 10.774 255903.50 mE,1604732.41m N
143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039
208 CementManufacturing
58.59 255914.00 mE,1600631.00m N
156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33
209 CementManufacturing
58.59 256151.00 mE,1600478.00m N
156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33
210 Petrochemicalbased
54.2 253951.01 mE,
159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
processing 1604895.99m N
211 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 254041.30 mE,1604727.28m N
159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2
212 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253602.78 mE,1604694.50m N
159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2
213 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253674.71 mE,1604585.72m N
159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2
214 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing
54 253986.80 mE,1604536.70m N
159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2
215 CETP 19.61 255306.00 mE,1605745.00m N
126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16
216 CETP 19.61 253429.36 mE,1604841.18m N
126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16
217 CETP 19.61 257611.00 mE,1598903.00m N
126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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S.No IndustryType
Area(Acres)
Coordinates Temp(oc)
DGCapacityin KW
Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)
StackHeight(m)
Stackdia(m)
velocity(m/s)
PM(g/sec)
SO2(g/sec)
NOx(g/sec)
218 CETP 19.61 256075.66 mE,1600763.91m N
126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16
219 TSDF 83.42 253429.36 mE,1604841.18m N
131 60 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 216
Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 217
Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks
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Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacksParameters Baseline
data(µg/m3)(Maxconc)
EstimatedMaximum
IncrementalConcentration
(µg/m3)
PredictedMaximum
GLC (µg/m3)
NAAQstandard
g/m3
(24hrly)
Direction
PM 58.22 30 88.22 100 NW
SO2 15.68 60 75.68 80 NW
NOX 28.81 8 36.81 80 NW
Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks
Parameters Baselinedata
(µg/m3)
(Maxconc)
EstimatedMaximum
IncrementalConcentration
(µg/m3)
PredictedMaximum
GLC (µg/m3)
NAAQstandard
g/m3
(24hrly)
Direction
PM10 58.22 0.2 58.42 100 NW
SO2 15.68 0.4 16.08 80 NW
NOX 28.81 4 32.81 80 NW
Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks
Parameters
Baselinedata
(µg/m3)(Maxconc)
EstimatedMaximum
IncrementalConcentrationdue to utility
stacks (µg/m3)
EstimatedMaximum
IncrementalConcentration
due to DGstacks(µg/m3)
CombinedPredictedMaximum
GLC(µg/m3)
NAAQstandard
g/m3
(24hrly)
Direction
PM10 58.22 30 0.20 88.42 100 NW
SO2 15.68 60 0.40 76.08 80 NW
NOX 28.81 8 4.00 40.81 80 NW
As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed project are well
within the NAAQ Standards. However, individual industries will propose control measure to
reduce the emission levels.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh
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4.4.2 Noise environmentNoise pollution is caused due to the various activities which involves the vehicular movement,
D.G sets etc.
4.4.3 Water EnvironmentDuring the operation phase water requirement will be met from Adinimayapalli Reservoir. Hence
there will not be any abstraction of ground water in the project site. Disposal of domestic
wastewater generated may also affect the quality of groundwater in the project site. Impacts due
to effluent generation from the proposed industries will also affect the water quality. The industry
wise water pollution load is given in Table 4-8.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 221
Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load
S.No Industry Manpow
er
Domesticwater
requirement (KLD)
Processwater
Requirement (KLD)
Domesticwastewater (KLD)
Process
Wastewater(KLD)
Water Pollution Load
pH BODKg/day
CODKg/day
TSSKg/day
TDSKg/da
y
1 Synthetic Organic Chemicals(Pharma) 1000 60 2500 54 1750 6.5 -
7.5 5250 14000 2625 3500
2 Paint Industry 300 18 1000 16 800 5.5 -6.5 320 1600 240 1200
3 Dyes & Intermediates 500 30 4000 27 3200 5.5 -6.5 1280 6400 960 4800
4 Petrochemical basedprocessing 600 36 7500 32.4 5250 6.5 -
7.5 15750 42000 7875 10500
5 R & D Units 100 6 250 5.5 200 6.5 -7.5 80 400 60 300
6 Textile 100 6 2500 5.5 2250 5.5 -8.5 900 4500 675 3375
7 Food Processing 100 6 600 5.5 300 6.5 -7.5 900 2400 450 600
8 Soft drinks 100 6 600 5.5 300 7.5 -8.5 120 600 90 450
9 Milk Chilling and Diary 250 15 2000 13.5 1600 6.5 -7.5 4800 12800 2400 3200
10 Agro based units 150 9 225 8 202 6.0 -8.0 80 400 60 300
11 Glass Manufacturing 500 30 1000 27 800 7.5 -8.5 320 1600 240 1200
12 Automobile Parts 200 12 100 11 80 6.5 -7.5 30 160 24 120
13 Electrical Machinery Parts 200 12 100 11 80 6.5 -7.5 30 160 24 120
14 Garments 500 30 27
15 Gems & Jewellery 200 12 300 10.5 270 7.5 -8.5 110 540 81 405
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh
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16 Industrial Carbon 100 6 500 5.5 350 6.0 -8.0 140 700 105 525
17 Carbon Black 300 18 6000 16.2 4200 7.5 -8.5 1680 8400 1260 6300
18 Metallurgical Industries 500 30 2500 27 2000 6.0 -8.0 800 4000 600 3000
19 Cement Manufacturing 200 12 1000 11 700 6.0 -8.0 280 1400 210 1050
20 Lead Acid batteries 150 9 1000 8 800 5.5 -6.5 320 1600 240 1200
21 Steel rerolling 400 24 400 21.5 320 6.5 -7.5 130 640 100 480
22 TSDF Facility 50 3 15 2.7 13.5 7.5 -8.5 5 30 5 20
23 Waste Oil / drums processingunits 50 3 100 2.5 90 5.5 -
8.5 35 180 30 135
24 Solvent recovery units 50 3 75 2.5 68 5.5 -8.5 30 140 20 102
25 CETP 50 3 40 2.5 32 5.5 -8.5 15 70 10 48
26 Industrial gases / IsolatedStorage 100 6 50 5.4 45 5.5 -
8.5 20 90 15 68
27 Lubricating oils 250 15 375 13.5 337 5.5 -8.5 135 680 100 506
Total 7000 420 34730 377.70 26037.5
5.5 -8.5 33560 105490 18499 43504
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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4.4.4 Land EnvironmentDumping of municipal solid waste & industrial waste on the land will affect the soil quality.
Poor garbage management would lead to unsanitary conditions including vermin and fly
infestation and odors as well as unsightly conditions.Spillage of waste oil from the D.G set
may also have an impact on soil quality.
4.4.5 Biological EnvironmentThe impact on terrestrial ecology will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOX, SO2
and Hydrocarbons. The gaseous pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer
for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, they are injurious to vegetation. The release of
effluent and sewage, dumping of solid and hazardous waste will also affect the ecology of
the region.
4.4.6 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe proposed project would provide employment opportunities and improved working
conditions for the workers employed at the facility both during construction and operation
phase. The project will increase the economic activities around the area. The proposed
project would enhance the existing infrastructure in the area by providing a cleaner and
greener environment.
The negative effects due to the proposed project are given below
During the operation stage of the project the healthcare workers may come in
contact with the infected and contaminated instruments and needles.
Community Health Risk to Improper waste management.
4.4.7 Traffic Impact AssessmentApproach road to the site is Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road. Photograph of existing road is
given in Figure 4-9. Existing traffic on the road is given in Table 4-9.
Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa RoadS.No. Type of Vehicle Existing/ hr
1 Tankers 1-2
2 Trucks 10-15
3 Tractors 2-3
4 Bus 10-15
5 Cars 20-30
6 2 Wheelers 50-60
7 3 wheeler (auto) 10-15
The vehicular movement based on the industry for the entire Industrial Park during full
operation is given inTable 4-10.
Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park
S.No Industry typeArea
Acres
App.No ofunits
Manpower
Cars2
wheelersTrucks Buses
3wheeler
1 Synthetic
Organic
chemicals
(Pharma)
194.85 5 1000 100 300 25 20
2 Paint Industry 194.32 5 300 50 100 15 5
3 Dyes and
Intermediates
182.18 10 500 15 100 10 3
4 Petrochemical
based
processing
270 5 600 100 200 25 10
5 R and D units 107.74 10 100 5 25 0 2
6 Textile 82.43 5 100 5 50 10 0
7 Food
processing
110 6 100 5 50 15 0
8 Soft drinks 100.35 6 100 5 25 15 2
9 Milk chilling
and Diary
125.38 10 250 10 50 20 5
10 Agro based
units
141.72 15 150 5 50 30 0
11 Glass
Manufacturing
150.36 2 500 15 75 10 10
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
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S.No Industry typeArea
Acres
App.No ofunits
Manpower
Cars2
wheelersTrucks Buses
3wheeler
12 Automobile
parts
120.88 10 200 5 100 10 0
13 Electrical
machinery
parts
72.33 10 200 5 100 10 0
15 Garments 64.85 10 500 10 100 15 5
16 Gems and
jewellery
116.75 20 200 10 100 0 5
17 Industrial
carbon
76.05 5 100 4 25 15 3
18 Carbon Black 186.7 3 300 15 75 25 5
19 Metallurgical
Industries
170 10 500 5 100 25 10
20 Cement
Manufacturing
117.19 2 200 4 75 15 2
21 Lead acid
batteries
100.84 5 150 5 50 10 10
22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 5 50 10 5
23 TSDF Facility 83.42 1 50 2 10 5 1
24 Waste oil/
drums
processing
units
55.4 5 50 3 20 10 0
25 Solvent
recovery units
54.56 5 50 3 20 10 0
26 CETP 78.45 4 50 5 10 1 0
27 Industrial
gases/ Isolated
storage
115.51 5 100 10 25 10 3
28 Lubricating oils 50.09 25 250 5 50 3 0
Total 3222.35 219 7000 411 1935 349 106 55
The vehicular movement per hour between 8.00 AM -9.00 AM alongPulivendrula –Kadapa
Road is given in
Table 4-11.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour
S.No.
Type ofVehicle
Existingvehicles
/ hr
Existing PCU
Proposedvehicles/h
r
Proposed PCU
Totalvehicles after
projectimplemetatio
n
PCUFactors IRC
(SP 41)
Total PCUafter projectimplemetatio
n
1 Cars 25 25 250 250 275 1 275
2 2
wheelers
60 30 900 450 960 0.5 480
3 3 Wheeler 15 18 55 66 70 1.2 84
4 Tempo 10 14 100 140 110 1.4 154
5 Buses 15 33 70 154 85 2.2 187
6 Truck/Lorr
y
15 33 150 330 165 2.2 363
7 Tanker 2 8 10 40 12 4 48
8 Tractor 3 12 15 60 18 4 72
Total 145 173 1550 1490 1695 1663
Based on the traffic proposed for the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, the expected LOS
due to the project is given inTable 4-12.
Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project
For theRoad
Volume of Traffic V CExistingV/C Ratio
LOS Classification
Existing 173 173 3600 0.05 “A” Free Flow
Traffic
Proposed 173 + 1490 1695 3600 0.46 “A” Free Flow
TrafficDue to the proposed project, the traffic flow during peak hour will be free. There will not be any traffic
congestion on the State Highway due to the proposed project.
4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular MovementThe number of vehicles plying on road during the operation phase is estimated and
accordingly emissions were calculated as given in Table 4-13. BS IV Emission factors for
different vehicles are considered from ARAI and Diesel.netis considered for this estimation.
Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions
S.No
Type ofVehicle
Average speedof Vehicle
No of Vehicles.Emission Rate (g/s)
PM NOx
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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(Km/Hr)1 2-Wheeler 30 1935 1.6125 13.061
2 3-Wheeler 30 54 0.038 0.18
3 4-Wheeler 30 411 0.129 1.507
4Trucks and
Buses30 455 0.1787 9.1716
Air dispersion modeling was carried out for vehicular sources using AERMOD and the
ground level concentrations plots were generated for Particulate matter given in Figure 4-10and NOx given in Figure 4-11and the results were shown below.
Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 228
Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sourcesConclusionFrom the above figure it can be observed that due to the movement of the predicted number
of vehicles (Total 2855 no.) the maximum concentration observed for particulate matter PM
is 9 µg/m3and NOxis 18.1µg/m3. From this it can be concluded that due to these vehicular
movement the impact of increase in ground level concentrations of PM and NOx are
minimum and well within the CPCB standards.
4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase
The mitigation measures for Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the
surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below:
4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Development of Green belt with specific species will help in reduce the PM
levels to be carried out.
Informatory sign will be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain
their vehicle and follow the emission standards fixed by Government
Authorities.
Boilers
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters
then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.
Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB
Guidelines.
DG Sets
All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB
Guidelines.
Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set.
Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided
keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect
nearby residential areas.
Process Units
All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable
Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry
Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per
MoEF&CC guidelines or good Engineering practices with clear provision of
facilitating maximum dispersion.
Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further
treatment.
Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB
Guidelines.
4.5.2 Noise Environment Proper maintenance of the vehicles and record keeping will reduce the noise
levels.
The noise produced by the D.G sets will be minimized by providing proper
acoustic enclosures and isolating the D.G set at the receiver’s end.
4.5.3 Water Environment Efficient Rainwater Management Plan will be adopted to reduce the impact
due to surface runoff.
Two numbers of Common STP each of capacity 200 KLD and 300 KLD are
proposed to treat the sewage generated from the Industrial Park. The treated
sewage will be used for green belt development.
Four numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plant each of capacity 2000
KLD, 2500KLD, 10000 KLD and 12000KLD are proposed and the treated
effluent will be used in process/ utility within the park.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Zero liquid discharge concept is proposed
Control Philosophy for pollutants Excursion
If any industry will give shock loads COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more
than 1200mg/l this will be controlled by implementing Online TOC meters at
each industries outlet.
The TOC analyzers will control and incase of higher values it will re-circulate
back into the industries guard ponds.
The above will ensure Normal working of CETP’s
Table 4-14 Summary of findingsImpact Description Summary of findings
Biophysical EnvironmentTopography Although permanent disturbance to the topography will
occur, appropriate mitigation measures like storm waterdrains and rainwater harvesting pits will be implementedto minimise the impact.
Soil, Land Use and Capability Land use of the site will be changed to industrial.Presently most part of the site is barren land with someshrubs. Hence no agricultural land is involved for theproject. Infrastructure facilities are proposed fordevelopment of Industrial Park.
Vegetation Collectively the site is a barren land with sparse bushesand some palm trees. The bushes will be removed but tothe maximum the trees will be kept as such. Further greenbelt will be developed using native plant species.
River/ Water bodies There are 8 water tanks located within the site Theestablishment of a storm water management system willensure that all surface water runoff from the site isappropriately directed to the existing water tanks at site.Water consumption will be limited by installing watersaving taps and dual flushing toilet systems. Waterconsumption will be reduced by collecting and utilisingrain water for gardening purposes. Apart from this CSTPand CETP are proposed to treat the wastewatergenerated from site and to avoid contamination of surface/ ground water. Reuse of treated sewage for green beltand treated effluent in utility is also proposed.
Air Quality and Noise The release of dust into the atmosphere duringconstruction activities was identified as a finding for airquality. The site will be barricaded and water sprinklingwill be done. During construction activities, noise will begenerated by vehicles, equipment and building activities,but will be mitigated by using proper signage boards,good quality equipments and using PPEs by workers.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
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Impact Description Summary of findingsVisual Aspects The surrounding areas could experience potential visual
impacts. The design of the development will be line withthe aesthetics of the surrounding environment. UrbanDesign and building guidelines will be provided for newcommercial, mixed use and industrial development.
Waste The potential waste streams for the project were identifiedas domestic, hazardous, building and sewage waste. Theimpact of the waste streams would be minimized by therigorous mitigation measures that have been developedand the liquid waste will be treated separately in CETP/CSTP. Municipal Solid wastes will be composed at siteand used as manure. Hazardous wastes will be sent toTSDF facility.
Odour Odours from chemical toilets on site for construction staffwill be minimized by ensuring that the toilets are cleanedand maintained properly.
Spillage and incidents There is a potential for spillages, incidents, fires andexplosions due to the construction activities. Proceduresand specific mitigation measures would need to be drawnup to minimise and/or eliminate the possibility ofcontaminating the soil, surface and groundwaterenvironments and ensure the protection of the employeesworking at site.
Socio-Economic EnvironmentEmployment The project has the potential to provide employment for
local contractors. The Industrial Park development willgenerate6000 to 7000 as direct jobs and 25,000 to30,000indirect jobs.
Population Changes There should be minimum changes to the populationdynamics of the area asit is recommended that all labourfor the project is sourced locally.
Security and Social During the construction phase there is a possibility ofsocial ills such as crime, the spread of HIV/AIDS etc. Toprevent the manifestation of these problems suitablemitigation will be put in place.
Traffic Due to construction activities there is a possibility ofdisruptions to traffic flow in the area. With theestablishment of the development there will be increasedpressure on the existing road network. To alleviate thepressure, the road network improvements would be madefor free movement of vehicles.
Safety The safety of the public and construction staff would bemaintained with adequate safety measures areimplemented
Housing It needs to be ensured that the development captures the
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa
District, Andhra Pradesh
Page 232
Impact Description Summary of findingshousing demand in the area.
Energy Consumption With the consumption of energy it has beenrecommended that renewable and or alternative energysources (where possible and practical and sustainable) beoutlined in the conditions of establishment andencouraged to be utilised by the contractors.
4.6 Impact Assessment
A number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each of these
techniques has their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of any of these
techniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice of judgment of the
analysis. The technique chosen should be comprehensive, easy to understand, systematic
and flexible. Considering these criteria, for this project, the matrix method was used, with an
impact scale of -4 to + 4.
4.6.1 Matrix methodImpact identification and assessment of the site can be assessed by the matrix method,
popularly known as Leopold matrix method, which is a universal tool for the EIA studies. The
matrix used for the EIA consists of project activities on the x-axis and the environmental
components likely to be affected by these activities on the y-axis. Each cell of the matrix
represents a subjective evaluation of the impact of the particular components, in terms of
magnitude importance. A blank cell indicates no impact of the activity on the component. The
magnitude (m) is represented by a number from 1-4 where,
1= Minimal
2= Appreciable
3= Significant
4= Severe
A positive sign indicates a beneficial impact and the negative sign indicates an adverse
impact. The importance (w) of the impact is given on a scale of 1-4 in each cell. This number
indicates the relative importance of the impact of the activity on the concerned component for
this project. The magnitude and importance are multiplied to give a score for each cell
(mijwij). The scores of individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of
all project activities on each component. Similarly, the scores in individual cells in each row
are added to determine the total impact of each activity on all the environmental components
likely to be affected. The grand total of all cells indicate the total project impact. This can be
represented by the following equation:
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Total project impact= mijwij
Where mij = (positive or negative) magnitude of the jth activity on the ith environmental
component and wij = importance of the jth activity on the ith environmental component
Since both m and n vary from 1-4 the total score in each cell can theoretically vary between -
16 and +16, therefore the total project impact can vary between (-16*total number of cells in
the matrix) and (16*total number of cells in the matrix), to compare scores from the matrices
containing different number of cells, the total project score can be normalized to a scale of
100 as follows:
Total project impact
Total project impact = -------------------------------------------- * 100
16 * Total number of cells in matrix
On the scale, the overall impact can be classified as follows:
Table 4-15Overall Impact ClassificationTotal project impact (Scale of 100) Magnitude
-100 to –75 Severely adverse
-75 to –50 Significantly adverse
-50 to -25 Appreciably adverse
-25 to -16 Minimally adverse
-15 to -6 Low Adverse Impact
-5 to 0 Extremely low adverse impact
0 to 25 Minimally beneficial
25 to 50 Appreciably beneficial
50to 75 Significantly beneficial
75 to 100 Highly beneficial
4.6.2 Alternative ScenariosImpact score for the project was calculated for three scenarios using the matrix method
described above. Matrices were prepared to represent each of these scenarios:
a) Scenario 1 - No ProjectThis scenario considers that there is no industry takes place in the area. The existing
activities in the area and the consequent secondary growth were also considered in
evaluating the impact in this “No project” scenario.
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Table 4-16 No-Project ScenarioEnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected
Activities likely to affect Environmental Components
ConstructionActivities
Process Solid/Hazardouswaste
Impacts oncomponents
Air Quality Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6
Importance 3 3 3
Noise and
Vibration
Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6
Importance 3 3 3
Surface
water quality
Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 4 4 4
Ground
water quality
Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 4 4 4
Water
Resources
Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8
Importance 4 4 4
Soil Quality Magnitude 0 0 -1 -3
Importance 3 3 3
Flora and
Fauna
Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 2 2 2
Land use
Pattern
Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 4 4 4
Employment Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 4 4 4
Total impact of activity -23
Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -5.3
The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –5.3, which is extremely low
adverse impact.
b) Scenario 2 - Project without EMPProposed industrial park takes place without any Environmental Management measures.
Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMPEnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected
Activities likely to affect Environmental Components
ConstructionActivities
Process Solid/Hazardouswaste
Impacts oncomponents
Air Quality Magnitude -2 -3 -3 -24
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EnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected
Activities likely to affect Environmental Components
ConstructionActivities
Process Solid/Hazardouswaste
Impacts oncomponents
Importance 3 3 3
Noise and
Vibration
Magnitude 2 2 1 15
Importance 3 3 3
Surface
water quality
Magnitude -3 -3 -1 -28
Importance 4 4 4
Ground
water quality
Magnitude -2 -3 -4 -36
Importance 4 4 4
Water
Resources
Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8
Importance 4 4 4
Soil Quality Magnitude -2 -2 -3 -21
Importance 3 3 3
Flora and
Fauna
Magnitude -1 0 0 -2
Importance 2 2 2
Land use
Pattern
Magnitude 0 0 0 0
Importance 4 4 4
Employment Magnitude 2 1 1 16
Importance 4 4 4
Total impact of activity -88
Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -20.37
The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –20.37, which is minimally adverse
impact.
c) Scenario 3 - Project with EMPProposed industrial park takes place with proper Environmental Management measures.
Table 4-18 Project with EMPEnvironmental
Components likely to beaffected
Activities likely to affect Environmental Components
ConstructionActivities
Process Solid/Hazardous waste
Management
Impacts oncomponent
s
Air Quality Magnitude -1 -2 -1 -12Importance 3 3 3
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EnvironmentalComponents likely to be
affected
Activities likely to affect Environmental Components
ConstructionActivities
Process Solid/Hazardous waste
Management
Impacts oncomponent
s
Noise andVibration
Magnitude -1 -1 0 -6Importance 3 3 3
Surfacewater quality
Magnitude 1 1 1 12Importance 4 4 4
Groundwater quality
Magnitude 1 1 1 12Importance 4 4 4
WaterResources
Magnitude -1 -3 0 -16Importance 4 4 4
Soil Quality Magnitude -1 0 -1 -6Importance 3 3 3
Flora andFauna
Magnitude 1 1 1 3Importance 1 1 1
Landscape Magnitude 1 1 2 16Importance 4 4 4
Employment& socioeconomics
Magnitude 3 4 3 40Importance 4 4 4
Total impact of activity 43Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 5
There is minimally adverse impact on Air, water, soil & noise quality. However due to the
employment activities proposed by the proponent the cumulative impact for this scenario is
found to be 5, which is beneficial to the Environment. The main objective of the proposed
project is to bring the economically viable production of industries and use it beneficially.
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CHAPTER 5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY ANDSITE)
5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or
minimize the impacts that would be inevitable in technically advanced processes. Screening
procedure for the alternatives considered is discussed in the following sections. The
consideration of alternatives to a proposal is a requirement of the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) report.
Alternative site selection has involved some analysis methods. Different criteria’s are used
and followed to select the alternative site.
Finalization of various options such as construction materials, keeping in view of the
essential points and environmental safety aspects and well connectivity to Railway network,
Road network, Airport and Seaport are considered. The alternative site selections with
mitigation measures and without mitigation measures are calculated and analyzed before
choosing the proposed site alternatives. The objective of this chapter is to highlight some of
the salient issues considered for exercising the alternative options.
5.2 History and Background of site selection
The proposed site and the land had been acquired in the year 2014 under APIIC. Clearance
from MoEF&CC is required for further development of the site.
5.3 Site Selection
There is no alternative site examined. Because APIIC has already finalized the areas and the
Mega Industrial Park is located adjacent to the state highway and railway. Availability of
airport is additional added advantages for the business and socio economic development
and improvement for the district.
The proposed site at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram
and Rampathadu has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh.
The site finalization is based on the following parameters:
a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed mega industrial park.b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures.c) Skilled man power available in Kadapa district.
Thus the selection of the site is justified.
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5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – need basis
Under this alternative, the Government of Andhra would retain the land such time as
industries desiring to locate on the site have been identified.
5.5 Project Alternatives
The site with an area of 6553.04 Acres is proposed for development of Industrial Park where
various industries will be set up. There is no alternative considered for this project.
5.6 Current Proposal
As the proposed Mega Industrial Park, the land identified for industrial unit by APIIC, there is
no alternative sites analysed as stated in section 5.3.
However based on the current set up the following are the advantages of the site:
• 100% Land is under possession of APIIC
• No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC
• Site is well connected by road, rail and airway
• Nearest Highway Located at ~10km distance connecting NH-18 and SH-31
• Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is
proposed as water source.
• Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Mega Industrial
Park.
Moreover this is now identified as one of the very biggest industrial park in Kadapa. This
Industrial Park is a focused area for major development and also for future investment.
5.7 Result of the Analysis
The current site is an earmarked mega industrial park by APIIC. Therefore no further site
analysis has been carried out under this EIA.
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CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 Introduction
In this chapter, environmental monitoring programme for the proposed Mega Industrial Park
(MIP) is formulated. Environmental Monitoring Programme is an important component during
environmental management of the project. The mechanism to implement the planned
mitigation and monitoring measures during all stages of the project is discussed in Chapter9. The project management especially the Environmental Management Cell (EMC)
(described in Chapter 9) will always go for a rational approach with regard to environmental
monitoring. This includes judicious decision making in consultation with institutional
stakeholders (e.g. Andhra Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (APPCB) or reputed
environmental consultants for appropriate changes in the monitoring strategy, i.e., changes
in the sampling frequency, sampling location, monitoring parameters and any new/additional
requirements.
Considering the water resources system for irrigation and drinking water, any contamination
of the surface water could endanger the portability of drinking water. Therefore it is for the
best interest of the project that a workable institutional mechanism for environmental
monitoring especially to preserve and conserve the surface water and groundwater
component in this region from industrial contamination. Referring to the baseline details in
Chapter 3, water resources in PIA has as many as 42 water bodies all non-perennial and
acting as recharge sites for the groundwater. Groundwater being the most important poor
man’s resources the protection of this system from contamination is the responsibility of the
APIIC and GoAP.
Therefore, environmental monitoring is proposed with higher number of water quality
monitoring station in an industrial park within an area of few square kilometres within MIP.
The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program:
Provide information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures
and impacts.
Tool for the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden
changes in the environmental condition due to the proposed project.
Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of
implemented mitigation measures.
Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus
validate impact prediction techniques.
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The efficacy of the mitigation measures being followed during construction
and operational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised,
made more stringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results.
Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic
environmental regulatory auditing program for the proposed project.
Coordination with local bodies with regards to solid waste management.
The following programme as detailed in the environmental monitoring
programme for construction as well as operation phases shall be implemented
by the APIIC authorities. Besides monitoring, the compliances to all
environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from
APPCB/MoEF&CC shall be monitored and reported periodically. The likely
significant impacts and mitigation measures will also be monitored.
The environmental attributes to be monitored during construction and
operational phases of the project, specific description along with technical
details of environmental monitoring including the monitoring parameters,
methodology, sampling locations and frequency of monitoring are presented in
Section below.
The environmental monitoring programme proposed to be followed by
Kopparthy MIP authority has been formulated in Table 6-1. In addition to this
Environmental Monitoring Programme, individual industries shall monitor all
environmental parameters such as air quality, noise levels, treated
wastewater, water quality, etc., within their industry premises as per the
stipulations laid by SEIAA/MoEF&CC/CPCB/APPCB in their respective
Environmental Clearance, Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for
Operation (CFO).
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Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeS.No Environmental
AttributesParameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
Construction Phase1 Ambient Air
QualityAll the 12Parameters asgiven in NAAQs
Eight Locations Kopparthy (site) Thollaganganapalle
(site) Ambavaram (site) Baligi palli (SE) Putha
chinnayapalle (N) Rampathadu (Site) Vellatur (SW) Paidikalva (NW)
Once amonth duringconstruction
Fine Particulate Samplers forPM10, PM2.5, Respirable DustSampler fitted with Gaseoussampling arrangements forSO2, NO2, , CO analyser/portable CO meter for CO.
National Ambient AirQuality Standardsreleased duringNovember, 2009 isgiven in Table 1-3
2 Noise Levels Day and nightnoise levels
Eight Locations Kopparthy (site) Thollaganganapalle
(site) Ambavaram(Site) Baligi palli (SE) Putha
chinnayapalle (N) Rampathadu (Site)
Once amonthduringconstruction
Portable hand-held noise levelmeter.
National AmbientNoise Standards isgiven in Table 1-2
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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes
Parameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
Vellatur (SW) Paidikalva (NW)
3 Water Quality Physical,Chemical andBiological
In addition to theabove, Alpha,Beta emitters(surface water)
Groundwater - 8Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur PaidikalvaSurface water - 4Locations Ambavaram Lake Viswanathapuram
Lake Cherlopalle lake Utukur lake
Once amonth duringconstruction
Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.
IS10500, 2012drinking waterstandards forGroundwater which isgiven as Annexure -10
Designated Best UseClassification ofInland Surface Waterof National RiversConservationDirectorate,MoEF&CC forSurface Water isgiven as Annexure -11
4 Soil Soil texture,type, electricalconductivity, pH,
Eight Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle
Once a yearduringconstruction
Collection and analysis ofsamples as per IS 2720
Baseline data, Soilstandards by IndianCouncil of Agricultural
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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes
Parameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
infiltration,porosity, etc.,
Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva
Research, New Delhiis given as Annexure-12
4 Meteorology Wind speed,wind direction,rainfall,temperature,humidity.
Project Site Hourlymeasurementduringconstruction
IMD/CPCB manual -
Operation Phase1 Ambient Air
QualityAll 12Parameters asgiven inNAAQS,Hydrocarbons
Eight locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva
Twice a week Fine Particulate Samplers forPM10, PM2.5, Respirable DustSampler fitted with Gaseoussampling arrangements for forSO2 and NO2, O3, COanalyser /portable CO meterfor CO
National Ambient AirQuality Standardsreleased duringNovember, 2009given in Table 1-3
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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes
Parameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
2 Noise Levels Day and nightnoise levels
Eight Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva
Once amonth
Portable hand-held noise levelmeter.
National AmbientNoise Standards,given in Table 1-2
3 Water Quality Physical,Chemical andBiological
In addition to theabove, Alpha,Beta emitters(surface water)
Groundwater – 8Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur PaidikalvaSurface water – 4Locations
Once amonth
Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.
IS10500, 2012drinking waterstandards forGroundwater which isgiven as Annexure-10
Designated Best UseClassification ofInland Surface Waterof National RiversConservationDirectorate,
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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes
Parameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
Ambavaram Lake Viswanathapuram
Lake Cherlopalle lake Utukur lake
MoEF&CC forSurface Water givenas Annexure -11
4 Soil Soil texture,type, electricalconductivity, pH,infiltration,porosity, etc.,
Eight (08) Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha
chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur
Once amonth
Collection and analysis ofsamples as per IS 2720
Baseline data, Soilstandards by IndianCouncil of AgriculturalResearch, New Delhiis given asAnnexure-12
5 Meteorology Wind speed,wind direction,rainfall,temperature,humidity.
Project Site Hourlymeasurement
IMD/CPCB manual -
6 Effluent Quality-CETP inlet andoutlet
pH, Temp,Conductivity,TSS, TDS,
Inlet and outlet of 4nos. of CETP
Daily Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.
EnvironmentProtectionAmendment Rules,
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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes
Parameters tobe monitored
No. of SamplingLocations
FrequencyofMonitoring
Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis
Compliance
BOD, O&G,Phenolics,AmmoniacalNitrogen, O & G
2015 given asAnnexure -13
7 SewageQuality- CSTPinlet and outlet
pH, TSS, TDS,O&G, BOD,COD
inlet and outlet of 2nos. of CSTP
Daily Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.
8 Sewage sludge Heavy metals,nutrients,Physicochemicalproperties
Sludge from 2 nos. ofCSTP
Once in amonth
Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.
Note:
Apart from this all process units will be provided with online monitors for continuous monitoring of process stacks.
TOC meter will be provided at each industry outlet for normal working of CETP.
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6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring
The budgetary allocation for Environmental Monitoring is detailed in Table 6-2
Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental MonitoringS.No
Particulars Frequency ofmonitoring
No. oflocations
Rate persample
(Rs)
Budget perYear (Rs.)
1. Air pollution monitoringAmbient air quality Once a month 8 6000/- 5,76,000/-
2 MeteorologySetting up ofpermanentMeteorologicalStation at site
Hourly 1 3,00,000/- 3,00,000/-
3. Noise monitoringDay and night timenoise levels
Once in a month 8 500/- 48,000/-
4. Ground water quality monitoringWater samples fromtube wells/ wells/ borewells
Once a month 8 7000/- 6,72,000/-
5. Surface Water Quality MonitoringWater samples fromlakes/ streams etc
Once a month 4 3,36,000/-
6. Soil Quality monitoringSamples from soil Once a month 8 7000/- 7,68,000/-
7. Effluent Quality MonitoringInlet and outlet ofCETP
Daily 4 3000/- 43,80,000/-
Inlet and out let ofSTP
Daily 2 1500/- 10,95,000/-
8. Sewage sludge MonitoringSludge generatedfrom CSTP
Once a month 2 5000/- 1,20,000/-
Total Budget for Environmental Monitoringthrough external Agency
82,95,000/-
During construction phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs.27,00,000/-
During operation phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 82, 95,000/-
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6.3 Monitoring by APIIC
The environmental monitoring shall be carried out by APIIC within the Industrial Park premises.
Monitoring guidelines will clearly indicate the conditions of discharge and the consequences
with regards to the penal action and the impact to ground water resources of the region.
Groundwater is the sole water source for millions of people in the adjoining areas. APIIC should
not only limit the environmental monitoring as stated above, environmental monitoring
programme in terms of parameters, location and frequency shall be formulated as per the
stipulations laid by APPCB/CPCB/MoEF&CC/SEIAA.
6.4 Compliance Reports
As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance reports shall be
submitted to APPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.
Half yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated prior environmental
clearance terms and conditions on June 01 and December 01 of every calendar
year
Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to
APPCB on or before September 30 every year
Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste if any in Form-3 as per
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement)
Rules, 2008
Format for maintaining hazardous waste imported and exported in Form-10 as
per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement)
Rules, 2008
Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals shall be maintained as per schedule-
9 of MSIHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000)
Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC
rules, 1989 (amended 2000)
Water Cess returns in Form-1 as per Rule 4 (1) of Water (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 on or before the 5th of every calendar month.
6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme
Environmental Management Cell/team will monitor the following activities of greenbelt and
landscape development:
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Development of nursery (if possible)
Treatment and sowing of seeds
Watering
Transport of seedlings
Planting of seedlings-Fencing of plantation area
Weeding and soil working
Pruning (trimming of plant)
Replacement/Inter planting
Watch and ward of plantation
During operation phase periodic monitoring of plantation growth, manuring, watering, pruning,
and replacement will be performed in order to properly maintain vegetation, greenbelt,
landscape and green cover. It is suggested to plant shrubs or plants with 1 or 2 m height in
utility corridor to avoid bird nesting/resting on the plants.
6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements
On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety
procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals
enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster management plan.
Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:
Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan
Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for the
unforeseen event
Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment are being maintained at
MIP premises
To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, APIIC authority/EHS department/EMP
cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:
Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)
Power break down
Oil spill
Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks
Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other
department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the
outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more
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efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this is of
utmost importance.
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CHAPTER-7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
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7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement
As per the land documents enclosed in the Report (Annexure-1), the entire land has been
handed to APIIC for development of Industrial park and there is no R and R applicable for the
project. The GO stating that R and R is not applicable for Industrial Corridor dated 29/01/2015 is
enclosed in Annexure-14.
7.2 Disaster Management
Accident can occurin every industry inspite of efforts to prevent them. Frequently they give rise to
suffering and damage, the extent of which is, in part, determined by the potential for loss,
surrounding the event. Someof the industries comingup in the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy
have high potential for loss and there have been cases, where loss, measured inboth human and
monetary terms, has been severe. It is equally true to say that there have been other cases
where, because of effective action taken at the time, the full potential loss has been largely
avoided. Effective action, in these cases, has been possible due to the existence of pre-planned
and practiced procedures for handling majore mergencies utilizing the combined resources of the
industrial concernand outside services.
Section 41-B(4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a Hazardous and
Non-hazardous factor shall draw up and onsite emergency plan and detailed disaster control
measures for the factory and make known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity,
the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an emergency takingplace.
7.3 Disaster Management Plan
The individual Industries will have their own disaster management plan. However the generic
DMP is been given below:
Despite of all efforts made accidents do occur which need immediate attention.The risks
involved in this project have been identified and their mitigation measures have been proposed.
But when serious accidents occur & negligence could resultin lossof life the whole thing has
tobe handled in a systematic well planned manner. Accordingly following plan of disaster
management has been evolved.
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7.3.1 MajoractivitiesBroadly Disaster ManagementPlanmainlyincludes
Pre- EmergencyPreparedness,
Emergency actions and
Post Emergency activities
These activities are aimed at facing any emergency so that at the required time there is no
disaster and everything is handled in a very effective manner.
a. Pre-emergency preparedness
The activities falling inthis category are carried out in a normal situation without any reference to
any particular accident/ hazard. They are of a precautionary nature.These normally included:o Internalsafety
o Non-destructivetesting
o Firefighting system testing
o Mockdrillso Training
o Productive equipment
o Communication
o Emergencylights
o Emergency control Room
o Assembly points
o Liaison with state authorities
o Hospital activities
o Outside shelters
b. Emergency actions
During emergency the staff at various levels is expected to work in coordinated manner with
pre-assigned duties to meet the emergency situation and bring normally with the help of the
resources available within and outside the premises. Availability and correct use of different
means of communication and control is very important during emergency time. Duties of various
persons shall be defined properly.
c. Post Emergency Procedures
After the emergency is over investigations are required to be made to establish the reasons for
emergency and preventative measures needed for future happenings. These activities include:
a) Collection of records
b) Conducting enquiries
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c) Making insurance claims, if any,
d) Preparation of enquiry report and suggestion
e) Implementation of enquiry report and recommendations
f) Rehabilitation of affected persons.
7.3.2 EmergencyPlanThis includes following actions
a. Site layout
Site plan of the Plant will be kept at a conveniently approachable place. The plan will show the
storage site of the various materials along with the details of the surrounding areas. This gives a
layout of the Buildings and other facilities like roads, open and work areas etc.
b. Emergency control centre
The Control Centre will be established within the premises which will be marked on the site
plan. It will be the focal point from where all operations to handle the emergency will be directed
and coordinated. It will have internal and external telephone communications along with list of
essential telephone numbers and list of key persons and their addresses.
c. Assembly point
Assembly area will be earmarked for the people to get together in case of emergency which will
be away from material storage. A list of all the employees will be available at this site so that
their roll call could be taken and missing person, if any, could be located.
d. Emergency alarm system
An audible emergency alarm system will be installed in the premises. It will be operated from at
least 4 different points spread over the entire area and clearly marked as “Emergency Area
Switch”. The system will be tested regularly. The alarm will signify to the persons & staff that the
emergency has occurred and emergency services should be put in operation. The Public
Address System will also be activated and specific instructions for eventualities will be passed
on to the staff.
e. Service & control
a) Emergency Services-This includes Firefighting, FirstAid and rescue teams.
Alternative source of power supply for operating fire pumps and communication
with local bodies and fire brigade etc shall be given.
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b) ControlCentre-The control centre couldbe either in Security room or Fire Station
and shall have:
i) Adequate number of Internal and external telephones.
ii) Layout Plan of the colony buildings showing:o Sources of safety equipment.
o Fire hydrant system and alternate supply source
o Stock of other fire fighting materials
o Assembly points & first aid centers.
o Surrounding habitation within ½ km distance.
iii) Additional work plans which may illustrateduring emergencyo Areas vulnerable / endangered
o Deployment of emergency vehicles and personnel
o Areas where particular problems arise e.g. fractured pipe-line.
o Areas to be evacuated.
iv) It would be useful if these plansbe covered with plastic/ glass sheets on which felt ink
markings canbe deciphered.
v) Normal roll of employees.
vi) List of key persons and their addresses with telephone numbers.
vii) Notepads, pencils, etc to record messages receivedand instructions to be passed on
through runners.
viii) A tape recorder on which the incident and actions, being taken and progress could be
recorded.
ix) Rollcall
7.3.3 Key personnel and their dutiesFollowing person’s will be designated for emergency situation
a.Site Controller
b.Incident Controller
c. Personnel/ Administrative Managers
d. Communication Officers
e.Telephone operator
f. E n g i n e e r in charge and Electrician
g. Firepump attendants
h. First Aid
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Their duties are given as under:-
Site controller
General Manager or his nominated deputy will retain overall responsibility for the premises and
its personnel. As soon as he is informed of the emergency, he shall proceed to the control room
and meet the communication officer. His duties shall be:
i) Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if people need to be evacuated
from their assembly points.
ii) Exercise direct operational control over are as other than the sea ffected.
iii) Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess, in consultation with
incident Controller and other key personnel, as to whether evacuation of persons is
required.
iv) Liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, Medical and provide advice
onpossible effectson areas outside the factory premises.
v) Control rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation ofemergency.
vi) Issue authorized statementsto news media, and ensures that evidenceis preserved for
enquiries to be conducted by statutory authorities.
Incident controllerManager or Officer of similar rank nominated will act as Incident Controller. On hearing of an
emergency he will rush to the incident point and take overall charge and report to site controller.
On arrival he will assess the scale of emergency and decide if major emergency exists or is
likely and inform the communication officer accordingly. His duties willbe:
i) Direct all operations within the affected area with the priorities forsafetyof personnel
minimize damage, property and environment and minimize loss of materials.
ii) Pending arrival of Site Controller, assume the duties ofhis post and in particular
directthe evacuationofthe persons from areas likely to be adversely affected bythe
emergency and
iii) Ensurethat all key personnel and outside help is called in.
iv) Provide advice and information of the Fire and Security officer and the local Fire Service
as and whenthey arrive.
v) Ensure that all non-essential workers/ staff of the areas affected are evacuated to the
appropriate assembly points and the areas are searched for casualties.
vi) In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby PAS and Internal telephones, setup
communication point and establish contact with Emergency Control Centre.
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vii) Report on all significant developments to the communication officer.
viii) Have regard to the need of preservation of evidence so asto facilitate any enquiry into
the causes and circumstances which caused or escalated the emergency.
Personnel / Administrative Manager
Hewill also workas Liaison Officer and will be stationed at the main entrance (GateHouse)
during the emergency. He will under the direction of the site controller, handle police, press and
other enquiries, receive reports from roll-call leaders from assembly points and passon the
absentee information to the incident controller.His responsibilities shall include.
i) To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention/ to arrange additional help, if
required and inform relatives.
ii) To control traffic movements into the premises and ensuring that the alternate
transport is available when need arises.
iii) When emergency is prolonged, arrange for there life of personnel and organize
refreshments / catering facility.
Communication officer
He will, on hearing the alarm, proceed to Control Centre and maintain communication
with the Incident Controller. He will:-
i) Advise the Site Controller of the situation,recommending (if necessary)
evacuation of persons from assembly points.
ii) Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and himself
if the telephone and other system of communication fails due to whatsoever
reasons.
iii) Maintain prior agreed inventory in the control centre.
iv) Maintain a log of the incident on tape.
v) In case of prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by wind-blown
materials – contact local meteorological office to receive early notification of changes
in weather conditions.
Telephone operator
On hearing the emergency alarm, he will immediately contact site controller and on his advice
call the local Fire Brigade or mutual aid scheme members. In case the PAS, Internal / external
telephone system becomes inoperative he shall inform the Communication Officer through a
messenger / runner. In case fire is detected and the alarm is not in operation, he shall receive
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information about location from the person who detected the fire and thereafter immediately
consult the Incident Controller and make announcement on PAS or telephone telling the
residents about location of the incident and to evacuate to their assembly points. He will
continue to operate the switch board advising the callers that staffs are not available and pass
all calls connected with the incident to the Communication Officer.
Engineer in-charge and electrician
They will report to the scene of the incident and close down the services as requested by the
Incident Controller.
Fire – pump attendants
Two persons identified will work as fire-pump attendants. On hearing the fire alarm, they will
immediately proceed to pump house to ensure that pumps are operating and stand by to
maintain them. At the end of emergency they will be relieved of their duty by the Fire and
Security officers.
First aid teams
The Manager shall keep the roll call lists for the Fire and First-aid team on duty. Roll call leaders
shall check their rolls as members of the services and report for emergency duty. Names of any
unaccounted for absentees will be informed to the Fire and Security Officer. Members of the
First – aid teams will report to the Incident Controller on hearing of the alarm and follow his
directions.
Factory fire brigade personnel
The duty Fire – Brigade personnel under the command of the Fire and Security Officer shall be
responsible for fire fighting and rescue. On hearing the alarm, they shall proceed to the place of
incident, if known, otherwise to the Fire station. The men at Fire station shall find out the
location of the emergency, the equipment and proceed to the site of occurrence. At the site, all
the squad members will respond to the direction given by the Incident Controller.
7.4 Public Hearing
As per the EIA notification 2006 and its subsewquent amendments, Public Hearing (PH) is
mandatory for getting Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC for establishment of Industrial
Park. As a ToR point, public hearing was conducted under the Chairmanship of the joint Collector
and Additional District Magistrate, assisted by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board officials
on 04-08-2017 at 10 AM at proposed project site of M/s. APIIC Ltd (for development of Industrial
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Park) at Kopparthy (V), Chinthakomma Dinne (M), Yadavapuram, Tollaganganapalli villages of
Vallur (M) and Ambavaram, Rampathadu villages of Pendlimarri (M) of YSR District, Andhra
Pradesh. APIIC Zonal office, YSRKadapa, issues a paper notification in the news papers of
“THE HINDU & EENADU papers on 03-07-2017 is attached in the Figure 7-1. Public Hearing
photographs are given in Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-1: Paper Notification in the news papers
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Figure 7-2: Public Hearing Photographs
Major issues discussed were about land compensation, better compensation rates, Employment
for land losers and suggesting non- polluting & less odour polluting industreis. The Minutes of
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Public Hearing is enclosed in Annexure-15. Replies to queries raised by public during Public
Hearing are given in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1: Public Hearing Query & Reply
S. No Public Query APIIC Reply1 Sri C. Janardhan Reddy, R/O Kopparthy
village, while speaking on the occasioninformed that Govt. has taken over theirlands of an extent 50 acres for developmentof MIP, so far govt have not paid anycompensation to their lands stating that thesaid lands have been classified as dotlands. He also expressed his un-happinesson the amounts paid by the Govt towardscompensation i.e, Rs.1,14,000/-for DKTlands and Rs 2.0 Lakh for Patta lands. Hefinally brought the following suggestions tothe notice of public hearing panel.
1) Requested to enhance thecompensation to the land losers fromGovt.
2) Requested to establish pollution freeindustries in the Mega Industrial park
Joint collector informed that she wouldverify the records and assured himjustice regarding payment madetowards compensation to the acquiredlands.
2 Sri R.Obul Reddy, r/o Ambavaram villagewhile speaking on the occasion informedthat Govt has taken over their lands of anextent 40 acres belonging to 6 people fromtheir family for development of MIP, so farGovt have not paid any compensation totheir lands as the said lands have beenclassified as dot lands.
Joint collector informed him that themain demand of land compensationissues will be examined.
3 Sri.Y.Obul Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village,while speaking on the occasion expressedhis un-happiness on payments paid by theGovernment towards land compensation.He requested the management to providesuitable jobs for the land losers and alsorequested to make sure that pollution freeindustries may be established in the MegaIndustrial park.
The local people and land oustees willbe accorded priority for employment inthe proposed Industrial Park. Secondly,the surrounding villages will be givenpreference in employment also. List ofIndustries specified in the EIA reportonly allowed within the MIP. Allotmentalso will be done by APIIC as per the listspecified in the report.
4 Sri. K. Sivareddy, r/o Diguva Palli village,expressed his un-happiness on non-payment of land compensation by theGovernment even after repeated requestsmade by them.
Joint Collector has informed that, shewould verify the record and assured himjustice regarding payments towardscompensation to the acquired lands
5 Sri.I.M. Subba Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village,expressed his un-happiness on nonpayment of land compensation to DKT lands
Joint Collector has informed that, shewould verify the record and assured himjustice regarding payments towards
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which were in his enjoyment before the landacquisition.
compensation to the acquired lands
6 Sri.K. Lakshmi Narayana Reddy, r/oKopparthy village, while speaking on theoccasion informed that there are 2 irrigationtanks adjacent to the MIP and requested totake utmost care to protect this irrigationtanks from pollution problems. He requestedto enhance the compensation to the landlosers and also requested to provide goodnumber of jobs to the local people who losetheir lands during land acquisition.
Joint collector informed him that themain demand of land compensationissues will be examined. All industriesestablished in MIP shall comply theEnvironmental Standards stipulated byCentral Pollution Control Board(CPCB)/State Pollution Control Boardstrictly. No industry is allowed todischarge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(Effluents) generated from therespective industries will be treated atZero Liquid Discharge. Thus, existingtanks will be fully protected.
7 Sri.C. Janardhan Reddy, r/o Kopparthyvillage again take the opportunity to speakon the occasion and requested to clarify thedetails of individual industrial units to beestablished in Kopparthy industrial park.
Environmental Consultant of the projectexplained the list of industries and typeof industries, which are proposed inMIP.
8 Sri.K. Ashok Kumar Reddy, r/o Kopparthyvillage while speaking on the occasion afterverifying the industries with various line ofactivities (28 Nos) proposed to establish inMega Industrial park and expressed hisapprehensions on the establishment ofsome of industries viz., synthetic organicchemicals, paints industry, lead acidbatteries and lubricating oils etc., inconnection with the pollution problems dueto the establishment these industries.
All industries established in MIP shallcomply the Environmental Standardsstipulated by Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB)/State Pollution ControlBoard strictly and no industry is allowedto discharge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(effluents) generate from the respectiveindustries will be treated at Zero LiquidDischarge (ZLD) system.
9 Sri.R. Viswanatha Reddy, Sarpanch,Tadigotla village while speaking on theoccasion he requested the management toestablish the industries systematicallywithout any pollution problems to the watertanks and also demanded to enhance thecompensation to the land losers.
All industries established in MIP shallcomply the Environmental Standardsstipulated by Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB)/State Pollution ControlBoard strictly and no industry is allowedto discharge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(effluents) generate from the respectiveindustries will be treated at Zero LiquidDischarge (ZLD) system.
10 Smt.B. Anasuyamma, r/o Ambakam palle,requested the government to settle landcompensation issues immediately.
Joint Collector informed, she wouldverify the record and assured her justiceregarding compensation to the acquiredlands
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CHAPTER 8
PROJECT BENEFITS
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8. PROJECT BENEFITSThe location of the project for Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, Kadapa district is strategically
developed for industrial progress and rural development. The project has many benefits over
negative impacts.
8.1 Economic Development
The district Kadapa is far behind many districts of the state economic achievements. The District
Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 21,440 Crores (at current rate- 2012-13) which is better than
Srikalulam and Viziayanagarm District, but lower than all other districts of Andhra Pradesh. The
State average Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 419,391 Crores.
The District Per capita Income is Rs. 66,592 whereas for the State is Rs.76,041 (at Current
prices).
It is imperative to improve the area (district as well) to compete with other districts of the State in
social and economic front. The secondary and tertiary sectors only could stir up the overall
developments as we have seen in other parts of the country.
8.2 Employment
The project is expected to provide more jobs, business opportunities etc. The employment
generation in the rural areas is inadequate where agriculture activities only existing. There are
over 50000 children in the age group of 0-6 in the area. They need to be provided with
employment, livelihood opportunities etc when they grow up.
The labors that are semi skilled and unskilled will have the option to work in both industrial and
agricultural areas. During the lean season of agriculture, they have opportunity of alternative
employment.
8.3 Infrastructure Development
Though the existing road infrastructure is good, it would not be sufficient for growing population,
improving agricultural activities. Agriculture products are being perishable; the basic infrastructure
is required for transportation. The up gradation of existing road infrastructure and new roads to
the remote location are imminent for the industrial developments.
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8.4 Life Style Change
The area is rural with limited facilities like Banking, Communication, and Consumerism etc. The
increase in per capita income, necessity and access to modern facilities will make a remarkable
change in the lifestyle and attitude of the people. The life style change will occur as Socio
economic benefits felt in the society.
8.5 Women Empowerment
New educational infrastructure will be available as the area is becoming industrialized. Gender
equality is maintained by girl children will be getting the equal opportunities at par with their
counterparts in primary and higher education. Socio economic improvement is endowed with
Gender equality, women upliftment, and social justice.
The Child sex ratio of the district is abysmally low as 918 (district) as compared to general sex
ratios 985(district). All social evils are due to the skewed sex ratio. Socio economic progress by
the over-all development in the area will correct the sex ratio imbalance. The social and
community intervention is required in this noble cause.
Women employment will lead to family economic growth, their health, Child development etc.
Women Entrepreneurship: Women education and their financial liberty will create more women
entrepreneurs.
8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products
The farmers have opportunities to market their products in the new market without any
compromise on the selling price as the less intermediate vendors and demands for the products.
Farmers can adapt innovative agriculture practices for meeting local demands and supply.
8.7 Migration
The area has many Unskilled, and Semiskilled labors. Employment provided to the local
population will curb in-migration as well as out-migration. Curbing migration will sustain the
local population with prosperity.
8.8 Expression of Human Rights
The people in the rural area are marginalized by various reasons. But in the modern
industrialized society, people are aware of their rights, Government policies, rules and regulations
etc.
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8.9 Skill Development
During the initial period of establishment of industries, they need more skilled and semi skilled
labors. The local labors will get the opportunity for getting trained and inducted to the jobs.
8.10 Social Infrastructure
As population and socio economic status increases, social infrastructure like educational
institutions and health institutions will be created.
Education: The basic facilities will be provided to the primary schools. Higher education and
technical institutions will be created.
Health: The awareness and the affordability make people to get good modern health facilities.
Sanitation: The awareness of potable drinking water, usage of toilets and disposal of solid
waste will be forced to adapt due to the developments in the area. The rural area is very poor
in these aspects.
8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility
The areas will get more social infrastructure benefits as Corporate Social Responsibility is a
mandatory for the industries. Education, Health Care, Women and Child development, Skill
training etc will be the main areas for CSR activities.
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CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
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9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANThe Environmental management plan assumed special significance in industries because of the
pollution potential especially in terms of Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Solid waste management.
This chapter presents an overview of Environmental Management Plan.
The main objectives of Environmental Management Plan are to:
Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during construction and
operation phases of the project.
Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures.
Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures
Ensure that the mitigation measures are being implemented
Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures
Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environmental management as well
as responsibility for implementing environmental measures
Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur
The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures for each likely impact on the
prevailing environment have been discussed in detail at the respective sections in Chapter 4.
The Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation of proposed mitigation measures
have been discussed in Chapter 6. Following specific environmental management
plan/measures are discussed in this chapter:
Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management
Greenbelt development
Solar power harnessing
Rainwater harvesting
Occupational health and safety
Institutional arrangements/framework for environmental management
Summary of project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures
9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for EnvironmentalManagement
Highly qualified and experienced persons in the field of Environmental Management of similar
kind of industry shall be considered for the positions of General Manager (GM) for overall
Environmental management for APIIC Limited. Well qualified personnel with minimum
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qualification of graduation in the respective discipline and minimum of seven (7) years of
experience in relevant field shall be considered for the third level positions as mentioned in the
organisation setup. However the right person for the right job with right attitude need to be the
focus while selecting such personnel as qualification criteria alone has the potential to fail
because of lack of concerns and negative attitude towards environmental management,
APIIC Ltd. shall appoint experienced persons for the position of Manager (Environment) for
management of environmental aspects within the industrial park premises and coordination with
Environmental Management Cell (EMC).
The responsibilities of the Environmental Management Team/Cell shall be as follows:
Identify environmental aspects, normal, abnormal and emergency conditions.
Ensure implementation of standard operating procedures as updated from time to
time.
Evaluate any non-conformity to the environmental standards, as stipulated by
different regulatory agencies.
Ensure and implement necessary corrective actions.
Establish procedures for reporting, document and record control.
Establish and implement procedures for incident and near miss reporting,
investigation and root cause analysis and prescribe corrective action.
9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental ManagementThe roles and responsibilities of Developer (APIIC Ltd) and Proposed Industries are brought out
in Table 9-1. These roles and responsibilities can be shared by developer as a part of agreement
with proposed industries and shall have clear terms on environmental management
responsibilities.
Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and IndustriesS.No.
Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry
1 Generalagreement
Evolve very specific plot allotment guidelines with proper Environmental impactmitigation clauses especially withregards to pollution minimisation efforts.Any violations need proper penal clauseswith adequate notice.
Strictly adhere to the plotallotment guidelines andagreement.
No pollutant shall be releasedto Natural water systems thataffect the common people of
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S.No.
Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry
the region.2 Water supply Required water for the proposed
industries for process, cooling anddomestic usage shall be supplied bydeveloper through nearest Reservoir(Adinimmayapalli)The bulk water for the Industries will besourced from Reservoir. Water andrespective pipelines shall be laid toIndustries.Groundwater shall not be withdrawn atany stage of the project. Groundwatershall not be contaminated by dischargeof pollutants in to streams, ponds andother surface water bodies.
Water requirement shall be metfrom existing AdinimmayapalliReservoir.
Groundwater shall not bewithdrawn at any stage of theproject.
Groundwater shall not becontaminated by discharge ofpollutants into streams, pondsand other surface water bodies.
3 Waterrecycle/reuse
Zero discharge for CETP and CSTP isproposed in MIP, Industries authorityshall ensure the reuse of treatedwastewater from CETP & CSTP.
Proposed industries shouldadopt recycle/reusemethodologies to the maximumextent possible either inprocess or utility.
4 Wastewatercollection/conveyance
Developer will provide the wastewaterconveyance system through pipelinefrom the proposed industries holdingtank to respective CETP & CSTP.
The wastewater conveyance(pipeline) within industry
5 Wastewatertreatment anddisposal
Developer shall provide the CETP fortreatment of effluents and CSTP forsewage as per the project developmentplan.
Responsible to dispose thesewage and effluent to theCSTP and CETP respectively.
6 Treatedwastewatermonitoringprotocol
i. MIP/ EMP Cell authorities shallmonitor wastewater holding tank.
ii. EMP cell shall monitor the treatedwastewater at following locations ondaily basis: Respective CETP & CSTP
holding tanks Treated WW Tanks
Industry utilise the existinginfrastructure facility. Monitoringof wastewater on daily basis atthe guard ponds of eachindustry shall be carried out asper SOPS and regulatorystandards at their respectiveholding tanks for pH, TDS,TSS, BOD & COD etc.
7 Rainwaterharvesting
Rainwater harvesting pits/recharge wellsshall be provided at identified locations
Rainwater harvesting withinindustries premises shall be
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S.No.
Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry
as per development plan. adopted.8 Waste
managementSludge generated from CETP shall bedisposed to TSDF.Sludge generated from CSTP shall beused as manure for greenbelt/greenareas development
Industries shall have theirindependent Hazardous/Non-hazardous waste collection andsegregation system and shallhave a temporary storagefacility for 90 days detentionwhich will be designed as perthe requirement. Wastes shallbe periodically disposed tonearby TSDF.Industry shall follow “TheHazardous Wastes(Management, Handling andTran’s boundary Movement)Third Amendment Rules, 2015”.
9 Post projectenvironmental monitoring
APIIC EMC shall conduct post projectenvironmental monitoring as per theenvironmental monitoring programmesuggested for construction and operationphases in Chapter 6.Specific requirement of monitoring shallbe carried out as a part of compliance toEC/CTE/CTOEmissions/Discharges and Solid andHazardous waste generation and the airquality results of MIP area shall bedisplayed at main entrances.
Industry specific criticalpollutants shall be monitored atindustry level.Specific requirement ofmonitoring shall be carried outas a part of compliance toCTE/CTO.
10 Air PollutionControl
Developer need to ensure that allregulatory measures are properlyincorporated and all institutionalarrangements.
The boilers/ Thermic fluidheaters stack and processstack shall have properarrangement for scrubbing oftoxic gases.
11 Stackmonitoring
Developer need to ensure that allregulatory measures are properlyincorporated and all institutionalarrangements.
Stack monitoring shall becarried out by IndividualIndustries.Online monitoring system hasto be provided for processstacks and boilers/ Thermicfluid heaters stack
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S.No.
Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry
12 Greenbeltdevelopment
Greenbelt development along theboundary and green areas in commonareas and utility corridor shall bedeveloped.
Greenbelt and green areasshall be developed within eachindustrial premiseas per MoEF& CC norms.
13 Storm watermanagement
Storm water collection along roads,common areas and utilities shall beprovided. Ensure no pollutants aredischarged to the fresh water streams byMIP.
Storm water collection withinthe industry shall be providedand discharge facility into thecommon storm water drainsshall be provided.
14 Truck parking Logistic zones meant for truck parkingare provided within common facility area.This parking space will serve the trucksuntil custom clearance to enter the MIP
Industries shall provide on-siteparking spaces for trucks withinthe industrial premises.
9.2 Greenbelt Development
Trees play a vital role in the environment in preventing the horizontal dispersion of the pollutants
to the surrounding areas. Trees are very suitable and effective for detecting, recognizing,
reducing and controlling air pollution, minimising noise pollution and will also check soil erosion,
make the ecosystem more complete and functionally more stable and conducive.
Owing to their large surface area besides their bio-aesthetical values trees are to be used as
indicators of biological effects of pollutant.
9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt planThe objectives of greenbelt development are as follows;
Mitigation of fugitive emissions and improve ambient air quality
Provide a shelter belt around the project area for dust absorption and noise
reduction
Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase
Balancing Eco Environment
Enhancement of the overall environmental quality
Provide adequate shelter and habitat to the local fauna
Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area
Providing aesthetic value to the project area
Prevention of negative impacts on reserve forests, sanctuary and wildlife
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Conserve soil quality and improve moisture level in ambient atmosphere
Compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance
Improving the forest cover and maintaining the biodiversity of the region
Create awareness for environmental conservation and tree planting
Generate employment for the local people
9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt developmentGreenbelt/green area development will be carried out in and around the MIP along the
boundary, roadside and on the vacant areas with above objectives. Emphasis shall be on native
plant species on the basis of air pollution tolerance index of tree.
The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate,
elevation and soil. The plant species should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order
to be selected for plantation.
While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt in a designated area of 611.25 Ha
(1510.45 Acres) land, the following guidelines will be considered:
Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-
physiological conditions
Fast growing type and providing optimum penetrability
Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment
Should be wind-firm and deep-rooted
Should form a dense canopy and perennial green
Species tolerant to air pollutants like PM, SOX and NOX should be preferred
Be able to attenuate noise generated within the area
Native origin and locally available
Be well adapted to the existing soil conditions
Should have a large leaf area index.
Should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt
Introduction of monocultures and alien plant species would be avoided to the
maximum possible extent
Should be able to thrive along with diverse species
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9.2.3 Greenbelt Development PlanThe greenbelt development plan for the proposed MIP is based on “Guidelines for Developing
Greenbelt” published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Greenbelt is proposed within
MIP site and along the boundary. Green areas are also proposed near the common utilities to
serve as recreational facilities and breathing spaces and also to create buffer zones. The three
tier tree plantation shall be ideal recommendation for greenbelt around the inner boundary of the
proposed MIP.
A total area of 1510.45 Acres (611.25 ha)is earmarked for greenbelt/ green areas development
which is about 23% of total plot area. Apart from this open space area of 694.62 Acres (10.59%)
is also proposed for green belt development. This will make total area of 33% (2205.07Acres) of
green belt area. The master plan showing the green belt area is enclosed in Annexure-2.
9.2.3.1 Design of Green Belt
While the green belt will be developed as per MoEF &CC/CPCB guidelines with concept of
three tiers greenbelt development with tall, medium and short height permanent trees in
general. A survey was also conducted with respect to existing types and vegetation diversity
within the MIP area for development of greenbelt around project components.
The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development;
The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than one
meter to increase the density
Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation
In the front row shrubs will be grown.
The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows
(towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height) will be
planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side)
Tall trees one line and short trees one line will be planted around the
industries blocks to control the fugitive emissions and to reduce the noise.
Expose the pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days and
o If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80%
site-soil + 20% composted cow-dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake
and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added
o If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil +
35% fertile soil (from an external source) +30% composted cow-
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dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the
previous instance
Saplings should ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The
saplings would need to be watered once the rains cease.
Saplings shall be suitably nurtured and maintained. Soil conditioning and
fertiliser application shall be undertaken. If required, suitable soil
treatment shall be provided to ensure good growth of tree cover.
Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as
bamboo and grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the
summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun.
During construction period
o Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting
or moving it for mulch. This would leave behind a seed-bank to
flourish in the next growing-season, providing a natural source of
mulch for the following year.
o Open Burning of bushes and other waste on land must be avoided,
as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation,
amphibians, reptiles and ground-nesting birds.
Development of greenbelt shall start with construction phase and shall be
continued full fledge with operation phase of the proposed MIP project.
As a part of improving biodiversity areas need to be ear marked for the growth of creepers that
are always neglected in green belt development category. Creepers are becoming increasingly
threatened due to lack of concerns and selective dereliction of this species.
The indicative sketch of three tier greenbelt development is given in Figure 9-1.
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Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development9.2.3.2 Cost estimations for Green Belt development
Approximately 9 Lakhs trees are proposed to be planted in entire project site to follow the
concept of 1500 trees/Ha. The survival of the plantation shall be monitored frequently and
survival rate of the plantation during operational phase shall not be less than 80%.
A capital cost of INR 2.7 Crores shall be earmarked for this purpose and INR of 50 Lakhs shall
be allocated for recurring expenses totalling INR 3.2 Crores towards green belt development
and maintenance. The lay out plan of the greenbelt and green areas in project site is depicted in
the Master Plan Annexure-2
9.2.3.3 Recommended Species for Plantation
Based on climate and soil characteristics of the study area, some species are recommended for
plantation. The climate of the region is not extreme where there is normal rainfall as well as
normal heat and soil temperature is also not very high in summer. The pollutants namely stack,
dust/fugitive emissions, sulphur dioxide, smoke and carbon dioxide along with the noise
pollution can be effectively curbed by planting specific floral species. The recommended species
for greenbelt and plantation are given inTable 9-2.Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt
Common Name Botanical Name Tolerant toBabhool Acacia arabica Fly ash, SO2
Banyan Ficus bengalensis Dust
Indian mast tree Polyalthia longifolia Noise Pollution
Jamun Syzygium cumini Pollution tolerant
Jujuba Zizypus jujuba Pollution tolerant
Neem Azadiracta indica SO2
Red Bird of Paradise Caesalpinia pulchurima SO2
Tamarind Tamarindus indica Pollution tolerant
9.2.3.4 Nursery Development within MIP
Nurseries would be developed in open areas with six to eight seedlings per m2 for potted plants
with above mentioned guidelines.
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9.2.3.5 Vermiculture Development and Usage
Vermicomposting is natural organic manure and its chemical composition is much more superior
to compost made either in conventional composting pits or by bacterial decomposition.
Vermicomposting consists of humus, which is the basic building block of fertile soil. It contains
all essential macro and micronutrients for plants in readily available form due to which plants are
able to easily absorb them. Vermicomposting is prepared with the aid of earthworms.
Vermicomposting pits shall be developed and biodegradable waste from project premises shall
be utilized for manure production.
9.2.3.6 General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan
The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained that newly-planted saplings
may get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive with relatively less inputs. Soil
from the site should be used for the plantation, as far as possible, and supplemented with
external nutrients only where necessary. Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as
they reduce soil-quality and integrity, as also, the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally
available leaf-litter, grass-cuttings, agricultural residue, compost or other organic material may
be used as supplementary plant-nutrients.
9.3 Rainwater Harvesting
Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) refers to collection of rain falling on earth surface for beneficial
uses before it drains away as run-off. The recent groundwater estimation as in September 2013,
by Central Groundwater Board, has classified Chintakomma dinne, Pendlimarri mandals in which
the project area is situated, under “Safe category” and Vallur mandal is in “Semi Critical
category”. As a necessity to improve groundwater in the region as a developmental activity,
rainwater harvesting is proposed within the MIP. Rainwater harvesting and conservation
practices reduce the soil erosion, increases soil moisture and enhance recharge to groundwater
body.
The objectives of rain water harvesting proposed for the project are as follows:
Rainfall – runoff management
Control soil erosion
Increase the soil moisture
Prevent rush of surface flow of water
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Recharge to groundwater in favourable areas
Direct use of harvested rainwater
Saving in pumping cost
9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potentialRainwater Harvesting shall be implemented at MIP to conserve rainwater. Roof top area,
greenbelt/green area, road/paved area and open areas proposed in the project are considered
for arriving the rainwater which can be harvested.
The approximate quantities of rainwater that can be harvested at MIP are given inTable 9-3.The equation used for run off estimation is based on CPCB guidelines on ‘Concepts and
Practices for Rain water Harvesting’- Oct 2001.The calculations are based on the following:
Average annual rainfall is 675 mm based on 2004-2014 IMD data
Average No of rainy days are 85.08 (Over all year)
Run of co-efficient are considered as given by CPCB guidelinesTable 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested
S.No.
Land UseDistributionin MIP
LandUseArea(Acre)
Area in m2 Run offcoefficient
Rainfall(m)
PredictedRunoffVolume(m3)/hr
1 Roof top
Area
1934 7826620 0.8 0.008 50090.368
2 Roads Area 898 3634077 0.7 0.008 20350.8312
3 Open Space
Area
695 2812568 0.3 0.008 6750.1632
4 Utilities Area 260 1052184 0.3 0.008 2525.2416
5 Green Belt
Area
1510 6110753 0.2 0.008 9777.2048
Total 5297 21,436,202 89493.80Note: - Roof top area is considered as 70% of the plotted area.
Of this total quantity of runoff estimated, 39403m3/hr runoff will be harvested through rain water
harvesting pits.
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9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structuresa) Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting
For the proposed project Roof-top rain water will be done by individual industries. Apart from
this for buildings in common facilities this system is proposed. Roof-top rain-water harvesting is
one of the appropriate options for augmenting groundwater recharge/storage where natural
recharge is considerably reduced and not much land is available for implementing any other
artificial recharge measure.
In a typical roof top rain-water harvesting system, rain-water from the roof is collected in a
storage vessel or tank for use during periods of scarcity. Such systems are usually designed to
support the drinking and cooking needs of the family and comprise a roof, a storage tank and
guttering to transport the water from the roof to the storage tank. In addition, a first flush system
to divert the dirty water, which contains debris, collected on the roof during non-rainy periods
and a filter unit to remove debris and contaminants before water enters the storage tank are
also provided. Therefore, a typical Roof top Rain-water Harvesting System comprises following
components:
Roof catchment
Filter unit
Drain pipes
Storage tank.
Collection sump.
Down pipe
Pump unit
First flush pipe& GuttersA typical Roof-top rainwater harvesting system is given in Exhibit 9-1. However, during detailed
engineering of the industry suitable structure will be arrived for rainwater harvesting.
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Exhibit 9-1A typical roof top rainwater harvesting systemFiltration forms the most important process in the purification of water. It usually involves
allowing water to pass through a filter media e.g. sand. Filtration essentially involves removal of
suspended and colloidal impurities present in water. Depending on the type of filtration, the
chemical characteristics of water may be altered and the bacterial content may be considerably
reduced. These effects take place due to various processes such as mechanical straining,
sedimentation, biological metabolism and electrolytic changes.
The sand being used for filter in roof top rain-water harvesting systems should be free from clay,
loam, vegetable matter, organic impurities etc. and should also be uniform in nature and grain
size. There are three types of filters i.e.o Slow Sand Filters
o Rapid Sand Filters (gravity type) and
o Pressure Filters.
b) Storage Ponds/Tanks
In addition to roof top rainwater harvesting, we can also adopt storage tank /pond system for
storm water storage. Storage ponds/tanks are civil structures to store harvested rainwater. From
these storage facilities, water can be pumped directly to points of demand or supplied through
over-head tanks. Silt trap pits and filter beds have to be maintained before letting the water to
the storage pond / tank. The storage tanks may be properly cemented to avoid leakage or
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seepage into ground. Already few natural tanks are situated inside the project premises. So the
rain water will be saved by these tanks. The excess rain water from the MIP will be chanellised
through storm water drains to the existing tanks available at site to store them. Of the total
runoff quantity, 40313.6 m3 of rain water can be diverted to the existing 8 tanks available at site
with total area of 216.93 Acres after desilting. Based on the site contour, the storm water will be
diverted to the existing water tanks. The existing tanks are dry through out the year except on
some days of monsoon. The bunds of tanks will be strengthened for storing water.
A model of the pond/ tank is shown in Exhibit 9-2A for storing harvested rainwater.
Exhibit 9-2A Model Storage Pond/Tank
c) Recharge pits- typical arrangements
In proposed Industrial Park project area, recharge pits are recommended to be constructed near
the roof-top harvesting structures. Due to enhanced vertical hydraulic conductivity through the
recharge pit structure, natural recharge process of aquifer system gets enhanced, especially
when storms are of short duration and rainfall days are less as in case of project area, and
sustainability of the aquifer is ensured for a long period. The benefit accrued during heavy rains
in non- rainy (summer) season or during draught time will be worth mentioning. In such
circumstances recharge will be at its peak stage. As a result all shallow open wells and ponds
will get adequate quantity of water as huge relief for Industries who depends on ground water,
nearby farmers and poor landless villagers.
In addition to Roof-top rain water harvesting, recharge pits will be planned for augmenting
ground water recharge. In the project area, 1800 Recharge pits are proposed with 1.2 m
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diameter and depth of 0.3m. The pit will be back filled with a sequence of boulders, gravel,
pebbles and coarse sand from bottom to top. A constructed model recharge pit is shown in
Exhibit 9-3. A schematic diagram of the Recharge Pit is given in Exhibit 9-4. It is recommended
to dig a trial pit of 5.0 m before constructing the Recharge pit.
Exhibit 9-3Model Recharge Pit(source: Google)
Exhibit 9-4Schematic of Recharge Pit(Source: Google)
d) Recharge Wells - Typical arrangements
Recharge wells are the structures to recharge water in the sub-surface levels directly to the
aquifer. In the project area, the piezometric level of the deeper aquifer is expected to be in the
range of 20 to 30 m below ground level. Gravity recharge wells in the vicinity of storage ponds
are useful in recharging the deeper aquifer system.
A schematic design of the recharge well is presented in Exhibit 9-5. The collected rain water in
the pond may be diverted through well maintained channels, two desilting pits and two filter
beds into each recharge well by gravity. From bottom of last filter bed, pipe carrying the
recharge water may have to go down the recharge well upto piezometric surface. The recharge
well of 300 to 450 mm diameter, down to a depth of 80 m is recommended.
INLETOUTLET FOR
EXCESS WATER
SAND
BOULDERS
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Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well
e) Rainwater harvesting and utilisation plan
Based upon the survey and hydro-geological conditions of the project area, harvesting and
recharge structures are proposed for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The
proposed harvesting and recharge structures within the MIP are:
Roof-top rainwater harvesting
Recharging of ponds within the IP
Recharge pits of 1800 numbers
Recharge wells to the pondsFlash flood water can be recharged directly to the deeper aquifer through recharge wells for
enhancing the depleting resource and make it sustainable.
f) Monitoring wells for impact assessment
The effectiveness of artificial recharge structures is known by closely monitoring the
groundwater levels of the phreatic and confined aquifer systems. Monitoring of the groundwater
regime is done by establishing a network of observation wells tapping the shallow and deeper
aquifer systems separately.
The phreatic aquifer can be monitored by measuring groundwater levels in the open dug wells
or dedicated shallow water table wells nearby the site. The existing dug wells may also be
selected for monitoring. Piezometric surface in the deeper aquifer may have to be monitored by
installing dedicated piezometers. Piezometer is a small diameter (38 mm) tube with a 2 to 3 m
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perforated pipe at the bottom lowered in a borehole (100 to 150 mm) drilled down into the
confined aquifer. The perforated portion of the tube has to be positioned against the bottom of
the confined aquifer with clean sorted gravel shrouded between the tube and the borehole
surface. Rest of the borehole may be filled with unsorted gravel or clay.
The observation wells/piezometers are to be monitored at least four times in a year, i.e. in the
months of January, May, August and November. Data collected from these wells, provide more
meaningful record / database and clarity in the changes in the ground water regime in the
Project area.
Digital water level recorders, which collect water level information automatically ranging in time
from 1 hour to 1 month, provide accurate and valuable data for groundwater management. The
recorder is an electronic device which is installed within the water column of the observation
well. The device collects the groundwater level data at the desired interval of time and stores
the digital data on board which can be retrieved through data retrieval systems or hand held
computers and can be downloaded directly into office computers for further analysis.
Groundwater chemical quality monitoring also can be done through these devices with
appropriate add-on probes.
9.4 Solar Power Harnessing
The feasibility of Solar Power Harnessing within the MIP built up areas particularly at available
roof tops is also studied. The available technologies for generating solar power are mainly Solar
Photo Voltaic (PV) Cells and Solar Thermal. Technology of Solar PV Cells is suitable for solar
power generation with proper utilization of the roof top areas available on the roofs of
buildings/structures within the industry premises. The off grid solar PV system will be used for the
solar power harnessing.
Basic components that are used to build a solar PV system are as follows:
Flat Roof Solar PV Panel mounting systems
Solar PV Panels and solar modules
Solar PV Charge Controllers
Solar Batteries
PV Junction Boxes/PV Combiner Boxes
Off-Grid Solar PV Power Inverters
Solar PV Cables & Connectors
Solar PV Generation Meters
AC & DC Isolators
Solar PV System monitoring
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For the purpose of installation of off grid solar PV cells, the suitable buildings and structures are
identified and the roof top areas are considered for calculation of total possible capacity of
installed solar PV.
The calculation for installed capacity and cost is based on the following assumption:o 100 m2 area is required for the installation of 6 kWA capacity
o Capital cost including batteries and other accessories is Rs.1.5 lakh/kWA
The installed capacity and approximate cost details for MIP area are as given in Table 9-4.
Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power HarnessProject Total roof
top area(m2)
Actual area(considering65% of totalarea) (m2)
Installationcapacity(Considering 100sqm for 6kWP)kWp
Installationcapacity inMW
Cost forinstallation(considering`6.5 Cr/MW) `Crores
Mega
Industrial
Park at
Kopparthy
7826620 5087303 847883 847 5505
The total cost towards solar power harness is coming to about Rs. 55050 million (~Rs 5505 Cr),
since huge cost is involved for the solar harnessing, this will be thoroughly studied during project
execution stage. If it is financially viable the developer will sure go for solar harnessing power.
9.5 Occupational Health and Safety
Occupational health & safety needs attention both during construction, erection, operation and
maintenance phases of MIP project. Broad framework for Occupational health and safety
measures is presented in this section.
9.5.1 Occupational HazardsOccupational health hazards, areas associated with hazards and proposed mitigation measures
are given in
Table 9-5.
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Table 9-5 Occupational Health HazardsS.No.
OccupationalHealthHazard
Areas associated withHazards
Mitigation
1. Non-ionizingradiation
Combustion facility workersmay have a higher exposure toElectric and Magnetic Fields(EMF) due to working inproximity to electric powergenerators, equipment, andconnecting high-voltagetransmission lines
Identification of potential exposurelevels in the workplace
Establishment and identification ofsafety zones to differentiate betweenwork areas with expected elevatedEMF levels
Personal exposure monitoringequipment should be set to warn ofexposure levels
2. Heat Occupational exposure to heatoccurs during operation andmaintenance of combustionunits, pipes, and related hotequipment like Boilers etc.
Regular inspection and maintenanceof pressure vessels and piping
Provision of adequate ventilation inwork areas
Time reduction for work in elevatedtemperature and ensuring access todrinking water
Shielding surfaces where workerscome in close contact with hotequipment
Use of warning signs near hightemperature surfaces and PersonalProtective Equipment (PPE).
3. Noise Noise sources in combustionfacilities and auxiliaries; boilersand auxiliaries, such aspulverizes; diesel engines;fans and ductwork; pumps;compressors; condensers;precipitators and motors etc.
Provision of sound-insulated controlrooms with noise levels below 60dB(A);
Design of generators to meetapplicable occupational noise levels
Identify and mark high noise areasand provision of PPE.
4. ConfinedSpaces
Specific areas for confinedspace entry may includecondensers, and cooling watertowers
Adequate Engineering measuresshall be implemented to eliminate thedegree of confined spaces.
Unavoidable confined spaces shall
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S.No.
OccupationalHealthHazard
Areas associated withHazards
Mitigation
be provided with permanent safetymeasures.
5. ElectricalHazards
Energized equipment andpower lines can pose electricalhazards for workers
Consider installation of hazardwarning lights.
Use of voltage sensors prior to andduring workers' entrance.
Deactivation and proper grounding oflive power equipment and distributionlines according to applicablelegislation and guidelines.
Provision of specialized electricalsafety training to workers.
6. Fire andExplosionHazards
Handling and storage of fuel,products etc.
Use of automated combustion andsafety controls.
Proper maintenance of boiler safetycontrols.
Implementation of startup andshutdown procedures.
Automated sensors and regularcleaning mechanism.
Provide Fire proof jackets for thosewho will work for extinguish power.
7. Dust Dust may arise due todedusting activities andvehicles movement etc.,Dust may contain silica(associated with silicosis),arsenic (skin and lung cancer)
Use of dust controls such as properhousing and water sprinkling etc.
Regular sweeping, mopping,inspection and maintenance ofroads/asbestos containing materialsetc.
Prevalent occupational diseases for workers are possible for which project proponent shall
provide necessary safety equipment and conduct periodical health checkup. As a Mega Industrial
Park, all industries are committed for occupational health & safety of employees.
9.5.2 Personal Protective EquipmentThe personal protective equipment (PPE) offers adequate protection to worker, co-workers and
visitors. Proper use of PPE shall be part of recurrent training programs for employees. Table 9-6Table 9-6 provides the list of PPE which shall be provided in industrial premises.
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Table 9-6 Personnel Protective EquipmentProtectionfor
Equipment Protection Against
HAND Leather gloves
Asbestos gloves
Electrical resistance gloves
Canvas gloves
Hand sleeves
Cuts due to handling
Heat radiation
Electrical shock
Contact with oil & grease etc.
Falling of hot slag/material
LEG Leg-guards
Leather safety boots
Asbestos safety boots
Welding sparks
Striking by objects, fall of objects and
stepping on sharp or hot objects
Heat radiation, stepping hot or sharp
objects and stepping on sharp or hot
objects
EYE Spectacle/goggles with plain
shatter proof lens
Foreign bodies entering eyes and
reflected arc rays
HEAD Fibre Helmet Fall of objects/hitting against objects
during construction, maintenance etc
EAR Ear plugs or muffs High noise level
NOSE Dust protection mask Fine dust particles
FIRE Fire Extinguishers
Fire Jackets
Fire Suits etc.
Fire
9.5.3 Health MonitoringMedical surveillance has been prescribed in the Factories Act, 1948 (Amended). Under section
41C, it is stated that "every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall:
“Maintain accurate and up to date health records or, as case may be, medical records of workers
in factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are
manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be accessible to the
workers subjected to such conditions as may be prescribed and provide for medical examination
of every worker, (a) before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working
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with a hazardous substance and b) while continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work
in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in such manner as may be prescribed."
APIIC have a plan to establish an occupational health service centre inside the MIP premises to
promote and maintain physical, mental and social well-being of the employees. The unit is well
equipped to detect and prevent occupational/work related diseases and is being offering effective
emergency and injury care at work. The centre will develop health education training packages
including use of personal protective equipment for all employees and impart training accordingly.
Occupational Health Service shall arrange to provide adequate number of First Aid Boxes with
approved contents on the industries first aid rooms. Ambulance shall be available to meet any
emergency situation.
The records of health check-up of all employees will be maintained by individual industries. This
will be extended to future upcoming industries also. The occurrence of occupational health
hazards and diseases shall also be maintained. The records will be reviewed at intervals of two
years to check the effectiveness of various measures implemented. Based on the review, action
plan to improve the effectiveness of occupational health and safety measures shall be prepared.
9.5.4 SafetyOverall safety of man and material is an important aspect of industry performance. The safety
policy of the industry shall be clearly defined. The developer shall implement separate safety
measures for construction and operation phases and a safety officer shall be employed by the
MIP as well as all individual industries which shall also coordinate with MIP EMC safety officer.
Creating awareness among the targeted group is very important for the successful
implementation of safety.
9.5.4.1 Safety CircleIn order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes
and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The
circle would consist of 15-25 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about
an hour every week.
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9.5.4.2 Safety TrainingSafety training shall be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of faculty members
called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees,
limited contractor labours shall also be provided safety training.
9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation PlanInteraction with villagers during baseline monitoring (September, 2016 – Noovember, 2016) in
the study area revealed that there are no major epidemics in recent years in the study area.
9.5.5.1 Possible Health HazardsIndustrial Unit: The possible Health hazards which may become an Endemic disease or
Occupational illnesses in Long term during construction and operational phase of MIP area are
given below:
o Chemical hazards, including heavy metals, such as lead & mercury, solvents like
diesel, and many other chemicals including paints that are used in project.
o Physical hazards, such as excessive noise, vibration, extremes of temperature and
pressure, and ionizing and non ionizing radiation.
o Biomechanical hazards, such as heavy lifting, repetitive or awkward or forceful
movements that result in musculoskeletal disorders, like carpal tunnel syndrome and
low back pain.
o Biologic hazards, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B and
hepatitis C viruses, the tubercle bacillus, and many other bacteria, viruses, and other
microorganisms that may be transmitted through air, water, food, or direct contact.
o Psycho-social hazards, such as workplaces where there is high stress due to
excessive demands on, and low control by, workers; stress and hostility resulting from
urban congestion, such as “Road Traffic”.
9.5.5.2 Occupation Health & Endemic Disease Mitigation Action Plan
Data Collection: Occupational and environmental diseases and injuries can be recognized at
the individual level, which depends on obtaining and assessing an occupational and
environmental history. Before implementation of the Mitigation Action Plan, the health information
of the people in the project area upto 10km shall be collected from respective departments
(Government/Hospitals).
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Mitigation Measures: The following are some of the mitigation measures for Occupational
Health and Endemic diseases:
Immediate Actions:
o Ensure through proper support and training that all employees are aware of hazards
and accept responsibility for working safely during Construction and Operational
phases. This will significantly reduce Occupational Health hazards and illness.
o Ensure presence of a key staff/doctor at the time of emergency to know, what to do if
they suspect a notifiable disease in the surrounding.
o Community based participatory research to identify issues and to assess change for
developing problem/location specific plans.
Long Term Actions:
o It shall be ensured that the respective Government department of Municipality
disinfects residential areas which lie around the project site regularly.
o Ensuring provision of necessary medical facilities in the study area. Necessary
guidance shall be provided to enhance the medical facility in the area.
o Periodic health awareness camps and health check-ups should be organised in the
study area to ensure better health standards of the people.
Basic Information Requirements
The following shall be understood before implementing a mitigation measure;
o Possibility of providing additional responsibilities to EHS to take necessary immediate
actions during emergencies.
o Animal welfare – for example, access to feed, provision of sufficient appropriate
shelters shall be analysed.
o Potential alternative methods to control various diseases out breaks.
o Consideration of other induced developments.
o Possibilities to dissipate information quickly.
Monitoring for Endemic Disease Mitigation Activities
Frequent health check-ups shall be carried out for the workers. Thus the health related issues
within the industrial unit can be analysed.
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Mitigation measures as suggested above shall be updated every year based on the collected
data/information on health conditions of the people living in the study area.
Information obtained from monitoring of Environmental parameters as provided in Chapter 6shall be correlated with the health information to provide a clear understanding of pollutant
impacts.
9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of MitigationMeasures
The effective implementation and close supervision of the environmental management to
mitigate the environmental impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and
operational phases of the project could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism.
The coordination of Environmental Management cell with various Authorities and institutions for
implementation of the mitigation measures is presented in Figure 9-2.
A proper institutional mechanism to understand and implement appropriate environmental
management measures during various stages of the project is a pre requisite and has a strong
bearing for the overall success of the project management. Implementation of the Environmental
Management measures shall become easy once an environmentally responsible Team is in
place.
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APPCB MoEF CPCB
IP ProjectAuthority
Fund Support Monitoring Efficiency
of Implementation Monitoring
Performance Indicator Ensuring Compliance
to StatutoryRequirements
Compliance toEnvironmental andSocial Policy
SupportInstitution
External Institute ofreputed Monitoringinstitution
In house and externalMonitoring
Implementation ofEMP/MitigationMeasures
Obtaining StatusClearances
Compliance to internalpolicies
Data Management andtrend analysis topropose and implementappropriate intervention
Environmental Management Cell (EMC)
CTE CTO Monitoring of
conditionsApplied
CTO/CTEApplications
EnvironmentalAppraisal
EnvironmentalAppraisal
CDMApplication
ProvidingDesignInformation
Assistance inMonitoring
Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions
9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)
Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent
organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation
measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of
Environment Management Cell are:
o To implement the environmental management plan
o To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations
o To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices
o To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP
o To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule
o Review and interpretation of monitoring as per approved schedule
o Review and interpretation of monitoring results and corrective measures in case monitored
results are above the specified limit
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o Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental
laws as ready reference
o Maintain environmental related records
o Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories
o Maintain log of public complain and the action taken
o Record keeping: The proposed environmental management cell should have all basic
record keeping facilities such as:
a) Hard ware/software facilities,
b) Adequate space,
c) Vehicle (transport) and
d) Basic furniture and
e) All simple instruments such as GPS, Digital camera, Hand held noise metre etc.
The cell should have all basic environmental management data of the project that includes but
not limited to the following
o Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (both well preserved soft and hard copy)
o All valid and up to date environmental clearance and consent papers
o All latest Environmental legislations, policies, codes and manuals for ready references
o A list of consultants on environmental management need to be kept with yearly revision of
the list. This will help to receive proper advice in case of an emergency or a requirement
and also to implement day to day environmental management activities.
Over a period of time a system to understand and absorb the new revisions and changes in the
environmental requirements and practices are to be established. This can only be achieved by
regular training and genuine capacity building initiatives. The organizational set up for MIP
Environmental Management Cell is given as Figure 9-3.
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GENERAL MANAGER(ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY)
Manager(Environment)
Manager(Fire & Safety)
EnvironmentalEngineer
Director/AssistantGeneral Manager(CSR & Peripheral
Development)
Corporate SocialResponsibility
Fire Crew
Monitoring &Analysis Safety Engineer
Horticulture First Aid
PeripheralDevelopment/
Occupational Health
Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell
9.7.1 Audits and InspectionsIn addition, the EHS/EMC Department shall be responsible for implementing Compliance
Assurance activities, namely environmental audits. Internal audits and reviews of environmental
procedures shall be conducted annually.
The EHS Steering Committee, made up of Management Team members, shall conduct quarterly
EHS performance reviews. Any change to the environment wholly or partial is identified,
evaluated and equally corrective actions are taken to better the environmental performance.
A vital part of EHS practice is to learn from experience, using it as basis to improve the system.
To this effect, periodic inspections and record keeping provides a measure of how effective
programs are and facilitates identification of areas where improvement will be necessary.
Environmental inspections consist of examining all activities and documenting those actions that
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are carried out in compliance with environmental clearances, specifications relating to
environmental protection, and mitigation plans approved.
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9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Various project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures are summarised in Table 9-7.Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures
S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
Construction Phase
1. Site levelling/
Material
transport and
construction
activities
Air Quality Exhaust
emissions
from vehicles
Windblown
dust during
material
movement
Fugitive dust
during
material
unloading
Dust
To reduce impacts from exhausts, emission
control norms will be enforced/ adhered.
All the vehicles and construction machinery
will be periodically checked to ensure
compliance to the emission standards
Construction equipment and transport
vehicles will be periodically washed to
remove accumulated dirt
Providing adequately sized construction yard
for storage of construction materials,
equipment tools, earthmoving equipment,
etc.
Construction
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
suspension
during site
preparation,
construction
and trenching
Emissions
from DG sets
Provide enclosures on all sides of
construction site
Movement of material will be mostly during
non-peak hours.
On-site vehicle speeds will be controlled to
reduce excessive dust suspension in air and
dispersion by traffic
Water sprinkling will be carried out to
suppress fugitive dust in the project site
Environmental awareness program will be
provided to the personnel involved in
developmental works
Use of tarpaulin covers and speed
regulations for vehicles engaged in
transportation
Noise Noise /Vibration
from following Noise levels shall be maintained below
threshold levels stipulated by Central
Construction
Contractors
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
activities
Vehicles
transporting
construction
material
Diesel run
engines of
construction
machinery
Drilling/Pile
driving
activities
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) time to time
Procurement of machinery/construction
equipment in accordance with specifications
conforming to source noise levels less than
75 dB (A)
Well-maintained construction equipment,
which meets the regulatory standards for
source noise levels, shall be used
Any equipment emitting high noise,
wherever possible, shall be oriented so that
the noise is directed away from sensitive
receptors
Noise attenuation will be practised for noisy
equipment by employing suitable techniques
such as acoustic controls, insulation and
vibration dampers
High noise generating activities such as
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
piling and drilling shall be scheduled in day
time
Personnel exposed to noise levels beyond
threshold limits shall be provided with PPE.
Disturbance to
Natural
Drainage
pattern
Impact to
natural flow of
runoff due to
blockage and
change of
drainage
course
The drains passing through the area shall be
routed as per the proposed drain routing
plan
Adequate storm water drainage system shall
be provided.
The storm water system need to be properly
connected to the natural drainage system of
the area
Drainage system will be provided at
construction yard. Measures will be taken to
prevent silting of natural drainage due to
runoff from construction areas
Construction
Contractorssupervi
sed by APIIC
Vegetation and Loss of Commencement of greenbelt development Construction
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
Strain on
existing
infrastructure
vegetation
and strain on
existing
infrastructure.
during construction phase especially in
terms of nursery development and
identification of indigenous species
Temporary workers camp with self-sufficient
infrastructure facilities.
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
Existing Traffic Traffic
addition
NH 18 is adjacent to MIP and the
Transportation of construction materials will
be carried out during non- peak hours.
Regularization of truck movement
Construction
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
2. Solid Waste
Management
Soil quality Impacts due
to disposal of
solid waste on
ground
Construction waste shall be used within
project site for filling of low lying areas.
Excavated soil shall be stockpiled in a
corner of the site in bunded area to avoid
run off with storm water.
General refuse generated on-site shall be
collected in waste skips and separated from
construction waste.
Construction
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
Local authorised waste recycler shall be
employed to remove general refuse from the
site, separately from construction waste and
hazardous wastes
Recyclable wastes will be disposed through
APPCB approved vendors
Burning of refuse at construction sites shall
be prohibited.
3. Handling of
hazardous
materials
Human safety
and property
loss
Fire accidents
due to
hazardous
material
handling
Health Issues
Adequate safety measures as per OSHA
standards will be adopted
Construction site will be secured by fencing
with controlled/limited entry points.
Hazardous materials such as lubricants,
paints, compressed gases, and varnishes
etc., will be stored as per the
prescribed/approved safety norms.
Construction site will be secured by fencing
Construction
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
with controlled/ limited entry points
Medical facilities including first aid will be
made available for attending to injured
workers.
Handling and storage as per statutory
guidelines.
Positive isolation procedures will be adhered
Handling and storage as per MSIHC rules,
MoEF &CC guidelines with Fire protection
system.
Hazardous wastes, if any, shall be disposed
to TSDF proposed within the MIP
4. Water
Resources
Water scarcity
/Pollution to the
nearby water
bodies
Impacts to the
surface water
body
Water Requirement during the construction
will be met through road tankers/local
municipal bodies/Adinimmayapalli reservoir
Care should be taken to prevent the
contaminated runoff from the construction
Construction
Contractors
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
site to the nearby natural streams, if any
Optimized utilization of the water
sewage generated shall be treated by septic
tanks and soak pits
Operational Phase
1. Stack
Emissions of
Industries
Air Quality Stack
emissions
Stack height of utilities/ process units shall
be as per CPCB guidelines
Process unitsa) All Process units in the plant will be
provided with APC measures of Suitable
Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid
& Alkali Provision followed by Dry
Scrubber with Activated Carbon media
then routed to stack calculated as per
MoEF&CC guidelines or good
Engineering practices with clear
provision of facilitating maximum
Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
dispersion.
b) Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be
routed to Effluent stream for further
treatment.
c) Online Analyzers to be mounted for
continuous monitoring as per CPCB
Guidelines.
Boilers:a) All boilers will be provided with APC
measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters
then routed to stack calculated as per
MoEF&CC guidelines.
b) Online Analyzers to be mounted for
continuous monitoring as per CPCB
Guidelines
Stack emissions will be maintained as per
APPCB/CPCB standards by providing
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
emission control devices
Periodical Monitoring of pollutants at stacks
Vehicular
emissions
Access roads to be provided to avoid traffic
congestion
Use of tarpaulin covers and speed
regulations for vehicles engaged in
transportation
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
2. Operation of
Compressors,
and
generators
etc
Noise Increased
noise levels
due to
equipment
handling and
vehicular
movement
Acoustic Barriers and Enclosures
All transportation vehicles, machinery will be
periodically checked to ensure minimal noise
generation to comply OHSAS and ambient
noise standards in the surrounding area
Personal Protecting Equipment (PPE)
Greenbelt Development
Traffic regulation using sign boards
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
Vibration Temporary
perplexity
Machine and equipment likely to generate
vibration shall be fixed based on the detail
Construction
contractors
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
Health
implication on
working
continuously
in vibrating
environment
designing of foundation.
Machinery equipped with latest vibration-
reduction technology shall minimise the
vibrations.
Vibration dampers shall be provided around
the source of generation
supervised by
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
3. Water Supply Water
resources Impact on
existing water
resources
Total water requirement will be met from
Adinimmayapalli Reservoir.
No on industry dependent on Ground water
APIIC
4. Liquid waste ground water
and soil Contamination
of ground
water and soil
CSTP and CETP are proposed to treat the
sewage and effluent generated from
individual industries respectively.
If any industry will give shock loads
COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more than
1200mg/l this will be controlled by
implementing online TOC meters at each
industry outlet.
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
The TOC analyzers will control and
incase of higher values it will re-circulate
back into the industries guard ponds to
ensure proper working of CETP
5. Solid waste
management
Groundwater
and Soil quality Impact due to
disposal of
solid waste on
ground
without
treatment
Composted bio-degradable waste will be
used as manure for greenbelt.
Non compostable and non-recyclable waste
will be sent to municipal.
Other recyclable wastes will be sold to
APPCB authorised recyclers.
Temporary storage of hazardous waste by
individual industries within the industry
premises for a period of 90 days.
Hazardous wastes will be sent to TSDF
proposed within the MIP.
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
6. Handling of
hazardous
Fire accidents
due to products Human life
and loss of
Hazardous materials will be stored as per
the prescribed/approved safety norms.
APIIC / Individual
Industries
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
materials handling property Medical facilities including first aid will be
available for attending to injured workers.
Emergency alarms, provision of fire hydrant
system and fire station.
Effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
which covers onsite and offsite emergency
plans.
Recovery of spills to the extent possible
supervised by
APIIC
7. Operation of
Industries
Socio-
economic
conditions of
the region
During operational phase, the MIP and other industries are likely
to generate direct employment of 7000 peoples. In addition,
there is wide variety of jobs that are generated in the form of
indirect employment (e.g. hotel business, small eateries,
construction, transport, etc.). This project may generate indirect
employment up to 30000.Local people will be given preference
based on their qualification and skill set. Together with this
employment potential, project will help to enhance the socio
economic conditions of the area with better schooling,
APIIC / Individual
Industries
supervised by
APIIC
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S.No.
Activity
RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted
Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures
ProposedMitigation Measures
Responsible Agencyfor Implementation
communication and transport facilities that will be developed/
triggered as a part of overall economic development of the
region
Natural
Hazards
As given in Disaster Management Plan (DMP) prepared; Site Main
controller will act as the overall in-charge of the control of educative,
protective and rehabilitation activities to ensure least damage to life
and property.
Induced
Development
Offers an efficient and cost effective supply chain/ value proposition
to the local importers and exporters.
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9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management
The budgetary estimate (Capital Cost) for Environmental Management is INR 370.8 Crores and
the annual recurring cost is INR 3.85 Crores. The breakup of cost is given in Table 9-8.
Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management
S.No.
Purpose Cost items Capital costin Crore(INR)
AnnualOperatingcost inCrores (INR)
1. Greenbeltdevelopment
Plantation 2.8 0.5
2. Solid wasteManagement
Dustbins, Waste storage shed,composting yard etc
3.5 0.5
3. EnvironmentalMonitoring
Monitoring of environmentalparameters like Ambient Air,water, soil, noise etc.
1.0
4. Water PollutionControl
Construction of CETP &CSTP
And providing effluent andsewer line
25 1.0
5. Storm waterdrainage
Provision of storm water drains,man holes, recharge pits
339 0.5
6 OccupationalHealth Centre
Provision of facilities for doctor,first aid etc within the MIP
0.5 0.35
Total Cost 370.8 3.85
9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area
The concept and implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) has become
imperative due to the intense debate of developmental growth versus welfare based
development. As long as the business development is in synergy with social development, the
social conflict will not arise. Some of the proposals of CSR are suggested for APIIC and to be
implemented. CSR funds will be allocated as per Ministry of Economic Affairs Rules.
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Andhra Pradesh
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APIIC - MIP Phasing of CSR Initiatives
APIIC is primarily focused on healthcare, primary education, public hygiene & sanitation,
Women’s welfare, Students Skill Development and rural development. All activities are
developed and implemented by APIIC based on need assessment through discussions with local
communities, and government departments. Project appraisals are done periodically by
combining community feedback with evaluation metrics developed by the Foundation. These
metrics include patient footfall, health indicators, feedback from teachers, community satisfaction
etc. Various areas in which APIIC will be concentrating on CSR activities are given below and the
approximate allocation of funds for CSR activities are given in Table 9-9.
Health: The existing infrastructure can be upgraded or additional health centre may
be provided. Health Check up and free medication camp can be conducted with the
help of social service organizations.
Public hygiene and sanitation: The awareness of hygiene and sanitation is very
low in the area. With help of NGOs and Schools, the awareness campaign can be
conducted.
Skill development: Rural youth can be trained by capacity building, vocational
education for their better opportunities in local and other areas. Migration can be
mitigated by providing job opportunities for local youths by imparting them training
and education.
Women welfare: More specific initiatives can be taken up for women health
programme, skill development and women entrepreneurship can be organized to
improve the stature of the women in the district.
Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities
S.No Activity Capital Cost (LakhsRs.)
Operating Cost(Lakhs Rs.)
1 Health 50 2.0
2 Public Hygiene andsanitation
- 1.5
3 Skill development 25 2.5
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4 Women welfare 15 1.5
Total 90 7.5
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CHAPTER 10
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
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10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Project BackgroundAPIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92
Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu
Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District,
Andhra Pradesh State. The Mega Industrial Park will cater to the socio-economic development
of the region. There are totally 219 units proposed for the proposed site.
10.1.2 Overview of APIICAndhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of
Andhra Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing
Industrial infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones.
Over 253 Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of
over 1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal
role, in attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple
incentives. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1973 by the
GO No: 831 dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh.
10.1.3 Location of Project SiteThe Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli,
Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals,
YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh State. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and
1.26 Km from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares).The sitefalls in
57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is 12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E
(Centre Coordinates).
10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project siteIndian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the
contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the
Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle
free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been
facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, Petro chemical,
pharmaceutical, textiles, engineering industries, etc.
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To achieve the growth target, AP government/APIIC intends to propose new IP in Kadapa.This
is one of the very big Greenfield in Andhra Pradesh, for proposing various kinds of Industries.
The project seeks to fulfil the following objectives:
1. Primarily to fulfil the demands of a large world market.2. Generate substantial export earnings.3. Create a variety of products from different industries.
APIIC has been already finalized the area for Mega industrial park since it is located adjacent to
state highway. Airport is the additional added advantage for the business and socio economic
development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National Highways
and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa Airport at a
distance of 1Km from project site.
10.2 Project Description
M/s. APIIC ltd proposes to set up a Mega industrial park within an area of 6553.04 Acres. The
entire land is in possession of APIIC. There are approximately 219 plots proposed for the site.
The proposed industries are classified as Red Orange and green category. The area breakup of
allotment is given in Table 10-1. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given
in the Master Plan.
Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial ParkS.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)1 Total land area 6553.04 100
2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38
3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10
4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.86
5 Tanks 216.93 3.31
6 Roads 897.76 13.70
7 Open Space 694.62 10.60
8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04
10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generationWater requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase is
35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Recycled
water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is 21501 KLD which
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will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met from Adinimmayapalli
Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park.
The sewage generated from industries will be treated in proposed CSTPs each of 200 KLD and
350 KLD and the effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETPs each of
10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000KLD.
10.2.2 Wastewater TreatmentIt is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD to treat
the sewage generated from the industries. The sewer line from industries to proposed CSTP is
also to be provided. Treated sewage will be used for gardening.
It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD
and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the industries. Effluent linefrom industries to
CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will be used for utilities/ process by the industries.
Zero Liquid Discharge concept is proposed.
10.2.3 Storm Water drainageStorm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads. Storm
water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m
depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected
to the existing tanks at the site.
10.2.4 Solid Waste ManagementDuring construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be
generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Solid waste and scrap will be generated and will
be suitably disposed off.
During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power considered
is 7000 nos. During full operation).
Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be
generated during full operation of the industrial Park.
Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing.
Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common
TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will dispose to TSDF
already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP (Evaporator) will be
disposed in the same manner.
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10.2.5 Power RequirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369 MVA
and the source of power is APEPDCL.
10.2.6 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this
open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the total area for
green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65%). APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual
industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt
also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation.
10.2.7 Project CostThe total capital investment on the project is INR 130.575 Crores. The project will be
implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The
tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36 Months after obtaining
Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.
10.3 Description of Environment
The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to
November 2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government
organisations. The core study area is the project area and its immediate surroundings to the
tune of 1.0 Km radius from the boundary. The project area is the land where the project is being
developed. Further the Project Impact/Influence Area (PIA) is 10Km from the boundary of the
core area covering Chintakomma DinneTehsil, Kadapa (Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh.
Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found within
4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest and
Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda Reserve
Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest and
Extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site.
10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily
minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September 16
and November 16 respectively
Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in the
months of September to November respectively
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Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s and
1.9 m/s.
Predominant wind direction is NE.
10.3.2 Ambient Air EnvironmentEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the study
area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3, C6H6, C20 H12, As &
Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and
Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.
10.3.3 Noise Quality Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)
Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A).
The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise
levels slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the
limits prescribed by MoEF&CC.
10.3.4 Water QualityThe prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4 sampling
locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November 2016
Surface water
Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and 8.13
Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l
Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l
Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l
Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l
Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l
Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l
Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l
Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l
Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l
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Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l
Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l
Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb),
Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg)
are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations
It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits
specified of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit.
Ground Water
pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32
Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm
Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l
Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l
Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l
Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l
Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l
Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l
Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l
Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l
Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l
Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l
Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l
The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb),
Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be
below detectable limits at all locations
10.3.5 SoilIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use
categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the
study area.
Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area
pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52
Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm
Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha
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Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha
Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha
Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%
Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc
Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg
Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg
Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg
Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg
10.3.6 Biological EnvironmentBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The study
area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy,
cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / Scheduled species found within
the study area.
10.3.7 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes under
the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in the urban
area.
Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population – 452714.
The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child population is
51795.
The health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the
project area. The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for
emergency. There is a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services
in Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available.
There is no infectious disease in the project area. The people have adopted the
institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality rate
have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care facility in rural area,
skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness.
Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the
importance of purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being
implemented in the rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is
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very low. Once the area is industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local
population growth, the sanitation situation will go from bad to worse.
The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected
by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to the accessibility
of schools and awareness of the importance of education. The dropout rate of the
district is 9.88 (Source: DISE:2013-14 for primary level).The primary schools need
some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting quality education for rural
children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming industries could
provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the
confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions
like Arts and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and
Health Institutions. The students have to be provided quality skill development for
getting employment opportunities in upcoming industries.
The literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the
study area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average
(67.30%).
Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers
are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of
farmers belong to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category.
Only 30-35% of the area covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed.
The major irrigation project is KC Canal and the medium irrigation projects are
Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha etc.The principal crops can be
classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops.
There are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa
Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the
proposed Industrial estate. Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are
reputed industries in the area.
10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres (2651.92
Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of APIIC Ltd for
more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and there will be some
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land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of the proposed
project.
Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP.
Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by RO
& ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator of MIP.
Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF.
Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt development/Toilet
Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from CETP will be reused as
non potable water for various applications (mostly utilities). Discharge of wastewater
on land is not permitted and there will not be any impacts due to contamination of
soil, ground and surface water (canals & numerous village ponds) in and around the
project sites, so that the proposed system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
system.
There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or biosphere reserves within 10 km
radius from the MIP site. Except Ganganapalle Reserve Forest which is 4.0Km
away from proposed MIP towards South and Tummuluru Reserve Forest which is
9.0Km away from the proposed MIP towards West.
Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and varnishes
etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.
Hazardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors. Hazardous
materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations with restricted
entry and with fire-fighting facilities.
Modeling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level concentration.
The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and PM were
found within the NAAQ standards.
All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet
Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with
Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC
guidelines.Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for
further treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as
per CPCB Guidelines.
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All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then
routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Online Analyzers to be
mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines.
All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB
Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set.
Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided
keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect
nearby residential areas.
10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site
The proposed MIPland has acquired in the year 2014. No alternative site was analysed for the
Industrial park due to the following reasons.
• 100% Land is under possession of APIIC
• No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC
• Site is well connected by road, rail and Air way
• Nearest Highway connecting NH-18 (2.4 Km – E) and SH-31(6.9 Km- E)
• Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is proposed
as water source.
• Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Industrial Park.
10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the project.
During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as given below e Ambient air
quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface
water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. In the operation phase, the
monitoring locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels-
8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8
locations, Meteorology, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETPs, sewage quality at
both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2 CSTPs. The budget for
Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and
during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs.
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10.7 Additional Studies
A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness
and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical & social care and other
necessities of life.
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of
environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this
same order of priorities. For effective implementation of DMP, it should be widely circulated and
a personnel training is to be provided through rehearsals/drills. To tackle the consequences of a
major emergency at the project location or its immediate vicinity, a DMP has been formulated.
The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the project facilities and
the outside services to achieve the following:
• Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties
• Safeguard other people
• Minimize damage to property and the environment
• Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control
• Identify any dead
• Provide for the needs of relatives
• Provide authoritative information to the news media
• Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area
• Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the
cause and circumstances of the emergency.
A framework for DMP was prepared to minimize damages in the event of a disaster. An
institutional framework with clear assignment of roles and responsibilities was prepared with
which location of Emergency Control Centre and Assembly Points will be identified.
Communication system and alarm systems for effective communication in the event of a
disaster are identified.
10.8 Project Benefits
The project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for integrated
over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire region for fast track
development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the region.
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10.9 Environmental Management Plan
The main objectives of Environmental Management are to;
• Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during
construction and operation phases of the project.
• Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures
• Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures
• Ensure the mitigation measures are being implemented
• Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures
• Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environment management
as well as responsibility for implementing environmental measures
• Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur
Based on the above objectives in mind, the following specific environmental management
plan/measures are discussed;
• Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management
• Rainwater harvesting
• Occupational health and safety
• Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental
impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational phases
of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism.
• Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs. 3.85
Crores as operational cost.
• Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs.7.5
Lakhs as operational cost.
10.10 Conclusion
Typically any developmental projects trigger a set of environmental and social impacts. These
environmental and social impacts (proposed development will not envisage any resettlement)
due to development projects occur in different forms. An Environmental Impact Assessment has
been carried out to study the potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed
MIP project. Potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed development on
attributes like air quality, noise, water quality, soil, flora, socio-economic, etc. have been
assessed as part of this EIA study. Appropriate mitigation measures to help minimize/avoid
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impacts from the development have been recommended. The measures include avoidance
measures, mitigation measures and environmental enhancement measures.
Anticipated project impacts and prevailing environmental issues are manageable and can be
avoided or mitigated or minimized to acceptable standards. Potential impacts have been
identified attributable to the proposed project and most of which are localized and temporary in
nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts.
The effective implementation and close supervision of environmental management to mitigate
the environmental impacts could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism
proposed in this EIA.
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CHAPTER-11
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
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11.DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGEDIn order to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed development of
Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, APIIC Limited has engaged Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P)
Limited, Chennai to undertake EIA study. The nature of consultancy service rendered covers
terrestrial environmental assessment.
11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd.(HECS)
Enviro Care Systems was started in the year of 1997 by Dr. J.R.Moses with the
vision to serve the world in all environmental related problems by completing the
latest technological advancements available.
In the year 2004, Enviro Care Systems became Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P)
Ltd after having collaboration with Hubert Stavoren B.V. for higher Technology.
The company provides total pollution control solutions to several industries like
Thermal Power Plant, Pharma, R&D Facilities, Electroplating and Manufacturing,
IT Parks, Residential Complexes, Dairies, Food Processing, Textile mills,
Breweries, etc.
The company is specialized in executing projects right from concept
development, supply, erection, commissioning and operation on turnkey basis.
HECS has successfully executed more than 200 environmental engineering
projects for various industrial sectors both in India and overseas.
HECS has state-of-art facilities to provide quality environmental consultancy and
engineering solutions.
Strengths of HECS
Total no of Employees : 674
No of Employees engaged in EIA : 105
Consultancy : 25
Laboratory : 80
Projects : 13
Operation & Maintenance : 556
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QCI-NABET Accreditation
Consultancy Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Chennai
NABET Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083
MoEF Reg Lab F.No. Q-15018/29/2007-CPW
National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) is a constituent board of the
Quality Council of India (QCI). QCI, NABET has accredited HECS for carrying out Category ‘A &
Category B’ EIA studies in the following sectors:
1. Mining of minerals including Open cast only (Sector # 1 as per NABET scheme)
2. *Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration development & production (Sector # 2 asper NABET scheme)
3. Thermal Power Plants (Sector # 4 as per NABET scheme)
4. Metallurgical Industries (Ferrous and Non Ferrous)(Sector # 8 as per NABET scheme)
5. Cement Plants (Sector # 9 as per NABET scheme)
6. Petroleum refining industry (Sector # 10 as per NABET scheme)
7. Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions &
natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics) (Sector # 18 as per NABET scheme)
8. Petrochemical Based Processing (Sector # 20 as per NABET scheme)
9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates, bulk drugs and
intermediates excluding drug formulations, synthetic rubbers, basic organic chemicals,
other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) (Sector # 21 as perNABET scheme)
10. Isolated storage and handling of Hazardous Chemicals ((Sector # 28 as per NABETscheme)
11. *Industrial Estates/Parks/Complexes/Areas, Export Processing Zone (EPZs), Special
Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks and Leather Complexes (Sector # 31 as perNABET scheme)
12. Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes,
commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions (Sector # 38 as perNABET scheme)
13. Townships and Area development projects (Sector # 39 as per NABET scheme)
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Note:-List ‘A’ – Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations Complying with Version 3 of the Scheme – as on5thSeptember, 2017 (#)Further details may be seen on the following URL:www.hecs.in.