02012019RSAG2YHEKopparthy... - Environmental Clearance

AAPITGUndertakinq bv the Proiect Proponent

Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC), has carried outEnvironmental lmpact Assessment (ElA)/Environmental Management Plan (EMP) forMega lndustrial Park at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Tholaganganapalli,Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri in

YSR.Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh.

As per MoEF&CC office memorandum No.J-l1013/4112006-lA.ll (l) dated October05, 201 1, APIIC herewith declares the ownership of contents (information and data)provided in the EIA and EMP Report.

For and on behalf of

M/s Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC)

Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Ltd.,(A Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Undertaking)

Regd. Ollice: 'Parisrama Bhavan' 6th floor, 5-9-58/8, Fateh Maidan Road, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad-soo 004. lndia.

corporate ofrce: D.No.5sA-20-32A, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floorsr%;;;: HrtrI:]lm:;ctub

Road, reachers cotony, vijayawada - 520 008

crN No.u99999TGl 973SGCOO1630

Page i

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTFor

PROPOSED MEGA INDUSTRIAL PARKAt KOPPARTHY6553.04 ACRES

ATVILLAGE MANDAL DISTRICT STATE

KOPPARTHY (3662.97ACRES) CHINTAKOMMADINNE

YSRKADAPA

ANDHRAPRADESH

TADIGOTLA (797.14 ACRES)YADAVAPURAM (993.79 ACRES)

VALLURTOLLAGANGANAPALLI (212.51

ACRES)AMBAVARAM (704.70 ACRES)RAMPATHADU (181.93 ACRES) PENDLIMARRI

BY

ANDHRA PRADESH INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATION LTD59A-20/3/2A,

1stFloor, Sri Siva Complex, Fun Times Club Road,Teachers Colony, Vijayawada-520008

Prepared by

HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS PVT LTD.,CHENNAI

January 2019

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Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIAI, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed theabove EIA with the support of the following Team Member.

EIA Coordinator: Team Member:

Name: Vamsee Krishna Navooru Name:Mr. Manoharan

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:

Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Tilldate Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Till date

Contact Information: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd# A-21, III Phase, Behind Lions Club School

Thiru Vi Ka Industrial state

Guindy, Chennai - 600 032, Tamil Nadu, India.

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.hecs.in

Functional Area Experts (FAEs):

S.No

FunctionalAreas Name of the Expert/s Signature & Date Involvement

(Period & Task)

1 AP

Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date

Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

With Support from TM:Mr. Abishek Moses

May 2016 to Till date

2 WP

Dr.James Raymond MosesOct 2012 to Till date

Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

With Support from TM:Mr. Chengalvarayan

Mr.A.K. Natarajan

Sep 2016 to Till date

Sep 2016 to Mar

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` 2017

3 SHW

A. Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date

Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

4 SEV. Dhivakar Sep 2016 to Mar

2017

5 EB

A . Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date

With Support from TM:Dr.Rajkumar Samuel

Oct 2016 to Till date

6 HGDr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov

2016

9 AQ


With Support from TM:Mr. Abishek Moses


10 NVMr.Brijesh Kumar Sep 2016 to Nov

2016

11 LU

Dr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov2016

With Support from TM:Mr.N.Varadharajan.N

Sep 2016 to Nov2016

12 RH


With Support from TM:Mr. Abhishek Moses


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FunctionalArea Code

Abbreviation of the Functional Areas

LU Land Use

AP Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control

AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction

WP Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control

EB Ecology and Biodiversity

NV Noise and Vibration

SE Socio-Economics

HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation

GEO Geology

SC Soil Conservation

RH Risk Assessment and Hazards Management

SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

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Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organisation

I, Dr.J.R. Moses, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMPreport for the “Proposed Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres at KopparthyVillage, YSRKadapa District, Andhra pradesh”. I also confirm that I shall be fullyaccountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Date:02.01.2019

Name: Dr.J.R.Moses

Designation: Chief Executive officer

Name of the EIA Consultant Organisation: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai

NABET Certificate No & Validity: NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083 & 13.10.2019

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Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Overview of the project............................................................................................. 1

1.1.1 Project proponent ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Proposed project ...................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Justification and need for the project ........................................................................ 2

1.4 Location of the project .............................................................................................. 2

1.4.1 Justification for site selection .................................................................................. 6

1.4.2 Selected Project site............................................................................................... 6

1.5 Need for the EIA study ............................................................................................. 7

1.5.1 Project screening and ToR ..................................................................................... 7

1.5.2 EIA study................................................................................................................ 7

1.5.3 Cost of the EIA study.............................................................................................. 7

1.6 Regulatory Context .................................................................................................. 7

1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height Standards........................................................................... 8

1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standards ......................................................................... 8

1.6.3 Work-zone Noise Standards................................................................................... 9

1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards.............................................................................. 10

1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge Standards ........................................................... 12

1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study....................................................... 15

1.8 Structure of the EIA Report .................................................................................... 18

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 20

2.1 Overview................................................................................................................ 20

2.2 Land for the Project................................................................................................ 20

2.3 Land Acquisition Status.......................................................................................... 23

2.4 Proposed Master plan for the Project ..................................................................... 23

2.4.1 Zonation of Industries ........................................................................................... 24

2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed Project ............................................................ 25

2.4.3 Open Area............................................................................................................ 26

2.4.4 Common Facilities ................................................................................................ 26

2.4.5 Green Belt Area.................................................................................................... 26

2.4.6 Road Area ............................................................................................................ 27

2.5 Current Status of the site........................................................................................ 27

2.6 Water Requirement ................................................................................................ 27

2.6.1 Construction Phase .............................................................................................. 27

2.6.2 Operation Phase................................................................................................... 28

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2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities ........................................................................... 31

2.7.1 Internal Access Road............................................................................................ 31

2.7.2 Construction Materials .......................................................................................... 31

2.7.3 Earthwork for the Project ...................................................................................... 31

2.7.4 Storm Water Drain................................................................................................ 32

2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste ................................................................................. 32

2.7.6 Waste water Treatment ........................................................................................ 34

2.7.7 Green Belt ............................................................................................................ 41

2.7.8 Power requirement ............................................................................................... 41

2.7.9 Man power............................................................................................................ 43

2.7.10 Energy conservation measures ............................................................................ 43

2.8 Project Cost ........................................................................................................... 43

2.9 Project Implementation Schedule........................................................................... 44

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .................................................................... 46

3.1 Preamble................................................................................................................ 46

3.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................. 47

3.3 Description of the Study Area................................................................................. 49

3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas......................................................... 49

3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected Area............................................ 51

3.6 Physical Conditions................................................................................................ 52

3.6.1 PIA District Profile................................................................................................. 53

3.6.2 Rainfall ................................................................................................................. 53

3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA District................................................ 53

3.6.4 Land Use & Land Cover ....................................................................................... 57

3.6.5 Topography .......................................................................................................... 61

3.6.6 Geology of PIA District.......................................................................................... 64

3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA District.............................................................................. 65

3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District ................................................................................. 66

3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study area ............................................................................ 67

3.6.10 Soils in PIA District ............................................................................................... 68

3.6.11 Physiography of Study Area ................................................................................. 70

3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion .......................................... 71

3.6.13 Seismicity ............................................................................................................. 72

3.7 Air Environment...................................................................................................... 73

3.7.1 Meteorological Conditions .................................................................................... 74

3.7.2 Meteorological Data Collection ............................................................................. 74

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3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data .......................................... 74

3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period ....................................................... 76

3.7.5 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................... 78

3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations................................................................ 79

3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency.................................. 81

3.7.8 Results and Discussions....................................................................................... 81

3.7.9 Observations ........................................................................................................ 89

3.8 Noise Environment................................................................................................. 89

3.8.1 Results and Discussions....................................................................................... 90

3.8.2 Observations ........................................................................................................ 91

3.9 Water Environment ................................................................................................ 91

3.9.1 Surface Water Resources..................................................................................... 91

3.9.2 Ground water resources ....................................................................................... 99

3.10 Soil as a Resource and its Quality ...................................................................... 107

3.10.1 Soil quality .......................................................................................................... 107

3.10.2 Results and Discussions..................................................................................... 111

3.11 Baseline Biological Survey ................................................................................. 111

3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study Area................................................. 111

3.11.2 Flora ................................................................................................................... 111

3.11.3 Fauna ................................................................................................................. 116

3.12 Socio-Economic Profile....................................................................................... 118

3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District) ........................................................... 118

3.12.2 Economic Environment....................................................................................... 119

3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study Area........................................................... 120

3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key people............................................................. 138

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES. 146

4.1 Impact Identification & Evaluation ........................................................................ 146

4.1.1 Nature of impact ................................................................................................. 146

4.1.2 Duration of impact .............................................................................................. 146

4.1.3 Area extent of impact.......................................................................................... 147

4.1.4 Intensity of impact............................................................................................... 147

4.2 Construction phase impacts ................................................................................. 147

4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat ................................................................ 147

4.2.2 Impact on drainage pattern................................................................................. 148

4.2.3 Erosion of cleared area....................................................................................... 148

4.2.4 Impacts of Material Transportation...................................................................... 148

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4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality Impacts................................................................................ 149

4.2.6 Noise Environment ............................................................................................. 150

4.2.7 Water Environment............................................................................................. 154

4.2.8 Biological Environment ....................................................................................... 155

4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment ............................................................................. 155

4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase................................................... 156

4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat ......................................... 157

4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern.................................................... 157

4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared Areas .............................................................. 157

4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation................................................................ 158

4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality........................................................................ 158

4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage .......................................................................... 160

4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment ........................................................................ 161

4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment........................................................................ 161

4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment .................................................................. 161

4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal.............................................................................. 162

4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment ......................................................................... 162

4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase ......................................... 163

4.4 Operation Phase Impacts..................................................................................... 163

4.4.1 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................. 163

4.4.2 Noise environment.............................................................................................. 220


4.4.4 Land Environment .............................................................................................. 223



4.4.7 Traffic Impact Assessment ................................................................................. 223

4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular Movement .............................................. 226

4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase....................................................... 228

4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality............................................................................................. 228

4.5.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................. 229


4.6 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................. 232

4.6.1 Matrix method..................................................................................................... 232

4.6.2 Alternative Scenarios.......................................................................................... 233

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGOY AND SITE) ........................ 238

5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 238

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5.2 History and Background of site selection.............................................................. 238

5.3 Site Selection ....................................................................................................... 238

5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – needed basis......................................... 239

5.5 Project Alternatives .............................................................................................. 239

5.6 Current Proposal .................................................................................................. 239

5.7 Result of the Analysis........................................................................................... 239

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ............................................ 241

6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 241

6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ................................................................... 249

6.3 Monitoring by APIIC ............................................................................................. 250

6.4 Compliance Reports............................................................................................. 250

6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme ........................................................................ 250

6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements ........................................................................ 251

7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES...................................................................................... 254

7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement........................................................................... 254

7.2 Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................. 254

7.3 Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................. 254

7.3.1 Major activities.................................................................................................... 255

7.3.2 Emergency Plan ................................................................................................. 256

7.3.3 Key personnel and their duties ........................................................................... 257

8. PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................ 266

8.1 Economic Development ....................................................................................... 266

8.2 Employment ......................................................................................................... 266

8.3 Infrastructure Development .................................................................................. 266

8.4 Life Style Change................................................................................................. 267

8.5 Women Empowerment......................................................................................... 267

8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products............................................................................ 267

8.7 Migration .............................................................................................................. 267

8.8 Expression of Human Rights ................................................................................ 267

8.9 Skill Development ................................................................................................ 268

8.10 Social Infrastructure............................................................................................ 268

8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility .......................................................................... 268

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................ 270

9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management ................... 270

9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management ............................... 271

9.2 Greenbelt Development ....................................................................................... 274

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9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt plan ............................................................................... 274

9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt development ......................................................... 275

9.2.3 Greenbelt Development Plan.............................................................................. 276

9.3 Rainwater Harvesting ........................................................................................... 279

9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential........................................................ 280

9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structures.......................................................... 281

9.4 Solar Power Harnessing....................................................................................... 286

9.5 Occupational Health and Safety ........................................................................... 287

9.5.1 Occupational Hazards ........................................................................................ 287

9.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment........................................................................... 289

9.5.3 Health Monitoring ............................................................................................... 290

9.5.4 Safety ................................................................................................................. 291

9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation Plan ....................................................................... 292

9.5.5.1 Possible Health Hazards .................................................................................... 292

9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of Mitigation Measures ..................... 294

9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) .............................................................. 295

9.7.1 Audits and Inspections........................................................................................ 297

9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures..................................................... 299

9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management............................................ 313

9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area........................................................................ 313

10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION ............................................................................ 317

10.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 317

10.1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................ 317

10.1.2 Overview of APIIC .............................................................................................. 317

10.1.3 Location of Project Site....................................................................................... 317

10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project site .................................................................. 317

10.2 Project Description ............................................................................................. 318

10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generation................................................... 318

10.2.2 Wastewater Treatment ....................................................................................... 319

10.2.3 Storm Water drainage......................................................................................... 319

10.2.4 Solid Waste Management................................................................................... 319

10.2.5 Power Requirement............................................................................................ 320

10.2.6 Green Belt .......................................................................................................... 320

10.2.7 Project Cost........................................................................................................ 320

10.3 Description of Environment................................................................................. 320

10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions .................................................................................. 320

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10.3.2 Ambient Air Environment .................................................................................... 321

10.3.3 Noise Quality ...................................................................................................... 321

10.3.4 Water Quality...................................................................................................... 321

10.3.5 Soil 322



10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures................................. 324

10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site ................................................................................. 326

10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme................................................................ 326

10.7 Additional Studies............................................................................................... 327

10.8 Project Benefits .................................................................................................. 327

10.9 Environmental Management Plan....................................................................... 328

10.10 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 328

11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED................................................... 331

11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd. (HECS) ............................ 331

Page xiii

List of Tables

Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs (10Km radius study Area)...... 4Table 1-2 General noise standards ...................................................................................... 9Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................... 10Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters ............................................. 12Table 2-1 Features of the site ............................................................................................. 20Table 2-2 Village wise land extent....................................................................................... 23Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed project ................................................................ 23Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed................................................................ 24Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted ..................................................................................... 25Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction Phase .................................................. 28Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase ............................................................ 28Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities ................................................ 31Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity ................................................................ 32Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation ..................................................................... 33Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation............................................................................. 33Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation .......................................................................... 41Table 2-13 Project cost ....................................................................................................... 43Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule ................................................................................ 44Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary .................. 49Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the District ........................................................................ 55Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa District............................................................... 55Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12........................................................................... 56Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statistics................................................................... 57Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area...................... 59Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000)...................................... 74Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016) ............. 78Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations............................................................ 79Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters................... 81Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants .......................... 83Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data .......................................................................... 84Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data.......................................................................... 84Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data............................................................................ 85Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data............................................................................ 86Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data............................................................................. 87Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data .............................................................................. 88Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels.............................................................. 90Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius ................................................. 91Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters ....................... 92Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations....................................................................... 93Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results ............................................................................... 95Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards ...................................................................... 98Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009............................... 99Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations..................................................... 100Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring Results ................................................................... 102Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring Locations ..................................................................... 107Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring Results......................................................................... 109Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study area.................................................. 112Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area ............................................... 113Table 3-31Climbers present in the study area................................................................... 114Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study area ..................................................................... 115Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study area ...................................................................... 116Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study area ............................................................... 116

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Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study area....................................................................... 116Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study area................................................................. 117Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study area ........................................................... 117Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study area................................................................... 118Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile .................................................................... 118Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDP ................................................... 119Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area ......................................................... 120Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project Area......................................................... 123Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project area ........................................................ 124Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study area.......................................................... 124Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area ................................................... 127Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the district ................................................................. 131Table 3-47List of Industries in the study area.................................................................... 131Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project Area................................................................. 132Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study area............ 132Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study Area ............................................... 135Table 3-51Literacy details within the study area................................................................ 135Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study area .......................... 137Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’s ..................................................... 150Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments ....................................... 151Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details............................................................................. 166Table 4-4DG Stack emission details ................................................................................. 186Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacks........................................ 219Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks.......................................... 219Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks........................................ 219Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load............................................................................... 221Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa Road ................. 224Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park.............. 224Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour .......................................................... 226Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project............................................ 226Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions ............................................. 226Table 4-14 Summary of findings ....................................................................................... 230Table 4-15Overall Impact Classification ............................................................................ 233Table 4-16 No-Project Scenario ........................................................................................ 234Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMP ........................................................................ 234Table 4-18 Project with EMP............................................................................................. 235Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme .............................................................. 243Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ................................................................ 249Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and Industries .................................... 271Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt ................................................................ 278Table 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested ........................................... 280Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power Harness................... 287Table 9-5 Occupational Health Hazards............................................................................ 288Table 9-6 Personnel Protective Equipment ....................................................................... 289Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures........................ 299Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management ............................................................ 313Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities .................................................................................. 314Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial Park ............................................ 318

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site ................................................................... 3

Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary ................................................ 3

Figure 2-1 Proposed project site location ............................................................................ 21

Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius ....................................... 22

Figure 2-3 Site Photographs ............................................................................................... 27

Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road ................................................................................ 27

Figure 2-5 Water Balance Chart.......................................................................................... 30

Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area........................................... 48

Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius ................................................. 52

Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh....................................................................... 57

Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district ...................................................................... 59

Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area................................................................... 60

. Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area .................................................. 61

Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area................................................................................. 62

Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh ....................................................................... 63

Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area ................................................................. 64

Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study Area ............................................................................. 65

Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district ..................................................................... 67

Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area ..................................................................... 68

Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District .............................................................................. 69

Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area.............................................................................. 70

Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area ............................................................. 71

Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India .......................................................... 72

Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India .................................................................................... 73

Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)

........................................................................................................................................... 76

Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16) ....... 77

Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights............................................................... 78

Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations.......................................................... 80

Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area .............. 84

Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area.............. 85

Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area .............. 86

Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area................ 87

Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area................. 88

Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area .................. 89

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Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations ............................................................................... 90

Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations.................................................................... 94

Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) with May

2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................ 100

Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations ..................................................................... 108

Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%) ....................................................... 123

Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment ................................................................. 149

Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment................................................... 155

Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks ..................................................... 183

Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks ..................................................... 184

Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks...................................................... 185

Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks ........................................................ 216

Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks ....................................................... 217

Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks......................................................... 218

Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road ................................................ 223

Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources................................ 227

Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sources .............................. 228

Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development....................... 278

Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions...................................................... 295

Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell ....................... 297

List of ExhibitsExhibit 9-1 A typical roof top rainwater harvesting system................................................. 282

Exhibit 9-2 A Model Storage Pond/Tank............................................................................ 283

Exhibit 9-3 Model Recharge Pit......................................................................................... 284

Exhibit 9-4 Schematic of Recharge Pit (Source: Google) .................................................. 284

Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well ............................................................. 285

Page xvii

List of AppendicesAppendix -1 ToR from MoEF

Appendix - 2 Compliance to ToR

List of Annexures

Annexure -1 Land Documents

Annexure -2 Masterplan Proposing the Industries

Annexure -3 Letter for Water Supply

Annexure -4 Traffic Circulation Plan

Annexure -5 Storm Water Drainage Layout

Annexure -6 CSTP Pipeline Route from Industries

Annexure -7 CSTP Specifications and Process Flow Diagram

Annexure -8 CETP Pipeline Route from Industries

Annexure -9 CSTP Technical Specifications and Process Flow

Annexure -10 Drinking Water – IS10500 Specifications

Annexure -11 Surface Water Classification

Annexure -12 Standard Soil Classification

Annexure -13 Parameters tobe Monitored for CETP

Annexure -14 G.O. Regarding Applicability of R & R

Annexure -15 Public Hearing Minutes

Page xviii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page xix

1.1 Introduction

APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres

(2651.92 Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram &

Rampathadu Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR

Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. There are totally 219 units proposed for the

proposed site. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km from

Krishnapuram. The site falls in 57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is

12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E (Centre Coordinates).

1.2 Project Description

1.2.1 Land AcquisitionThe area for Kopparthy MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any

settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or

Rehabilitation for development of proposed IP. APIIC had acquired the land for

development of MIP from both Government and private owners. The village wise land

extent is given in Table - 1.Table - 1 Village wise and extent

Sl.No. Name of the Village &Mandal

Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (in Acres)Govt., DKT Patta Total

1 Kopparthy (V), CK Dinne(M)

544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97

2 Tadigotla (V), CK Dinne(M)

392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14

3 Yadavapuram (V), Vallur(M)

441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79

4 Tholagangana Palli (V),Vallur (M)

58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51

5 Ambavaram (V),Pendlimarri (M)

69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7

6 Rampathadu (V),Pendlimarri (M)

74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93

TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04

1.2.2 Proposed Master Plan

The proposed industries within MIP are classified as Red Orange and green category.

The area breakup of allotment is given in Table- 2. The individual plot area to be allotted

for each industry is given in the Master Plan. The type of industries proposed is given in

Table- 3.

Page xx

Table- 2 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial ParkS. No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)

1 Total landarea

6553.04 100

2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.383 Common

Facilities203.36 3.10

4 CommercialArea

56.15 0.86

5 Tanks 216.93 3.316 Roads 897.76 13.707 Open Space 694.62 10.60

8 Green belt 1510.45 23.05

Table- 3 Type of Industries Proposed

S.No Industry type Category as per EIAnotification Area Acres App. No of

units1

Synthetic Organicchemicals (Pharma)

A 175 5

2 Paint Industry B 175 53 Dyes and Intermediates A 180 104

Petrochemical basedprocessing

A 250 5

5 R and D units - 100 106 Textile - 75 5

7 Food processing - 100 6

8 Soft drinks - 90 69 Milk chilling and Diary - 115 10

10 Agro based units - 125 1511 Glass Manufacturing - 130 2

12 Automobile parts - 110 10

13 Electrical machinery parts - 60 1015 Garments 60 1016 Gems and jewellery 115 2017 Industrial carbon - 70 5

18 Carbon Black A 175 3

19 Metallurgical Industries B 170 1020 Cement Manufacturing B 110 221 Lead acid batteries - 90 5

22 Steel rerolling - 100 20

23 TSDF Facility A 75 1

24Waste oil/ drumsprocessing units

-50 5

25 Solvent recovery units - 55 526 CETP B 70 4

Page xxi

27Industrial gases/ Isolatedstorage

B95 5

28 Lubricating oils - 53.77 25Total 2973.77 219

1.2.3 Water requirement

Water requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase

is 35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD.

Recycled water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is

21501 KLD which will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met

from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park.

1.2.4 Wastewater TreatmentIt is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD

to treat the sewage generated from the individual industries. The sewer line from

industries to proposed CSTP is also to be provided. Treated sewage of 550 KLD and

treated effluent of 21501 KLD will be used for green belt development

It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD,

2500 KLD and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the individual industries.

Effluent pipeline from industries to CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will

be used for utilities/ by the industries / green belt. Zero Liquid Discharge concept is

proposed.

1.2.5 Storm Water drainageStorm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads.

Storm water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia

and 3.0 m depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will

be connected to the existing tanks of total area 216.93 Acres at the site.

1.2.6 Solid Waste ManagementMunicipal Solid Waste generation during construction and operation phases is proposed

in Table-4. Population considered for construction phase is 600 Nos. and for operation

phase are 7000 nos.Table- 4 Municipal Solid Waste generation

Waste Construction phaseQuantity ( kg/day)

Operation PhaseQuantity (kg/day)

CollectionMethod

Disposal method

organic 135 1575 Bins composting

STP sludge nil 45 Bins Composting

Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors

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• Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day.• Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic wastegenerated will be 55 %.• Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day

Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for

MSW processing.

Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the

common TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will

dispose to TSDF already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP

(Evaporator) will be disposed in the same manner.

1.2.7 Power RequirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be

approximately 369 MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. Power requirement

calculation is given Table- 5.

Table- 5 Power requirement for Industries

S.No Industry type Area Acres App. Noof units

Approx. Powerrequirement/

unit (kVA)

Power(MVA)

1 Synthetic Organicchemicals (Pharma) 175 5 1000 5

2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 5

3 Dyes andIntermediates 180 10 1000 10

4 Petrochemical basedprocessing

250 5 5000 25

5 R and D units 100 10 500 56 Textile 75 5 1000 5

7 Food processing 100 6 1000 6

8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 6

9 Milk chilling andDiary 115 10 1000 10

10 Agro based units 125 15 500 7.5

11 GlassManufacturing 130 2 5000 10

12 Automobile parts 110 10 500 5

13 Electrical machineryparts 60 10 500 5

15 Garments 60 10 500 5

16 Gems andjewellery 115 20 500 10

17 Industrial carbon 70 5 1000 5

Page xxiii

18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 15

19 MetallurgicalIndustries 170 10 8000 80

20 CementManufacturing 110 2 5000 10

21 Lead acidbatteries 90 5 2500 12.5

22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 8023 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 1

24 Waste oil/ drumsprocessingunits

50 5 250 1.25

25 Solvent recovery units 55 5 500 2.5

26 CETP 70 4 5000 20

27Industrialgases/ Isolatedstorage

95 5 700 3.5

28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75Total 2973.77 219 53700 369

1.2.8 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from

this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the

total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on

providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will

be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads

and avenue plantation.

1.2.9 Project CostThe total capital investment on the project is INR 1305.75 Crores.

The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent

for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to

36 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.

1.3 Description of Environment

The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to

November

2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government

organisations. Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and

Extension were found within 4

Km radius in the southern region of the project site and Tummuluru Reserve

Forest and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these

Page xxiv

Pankolda Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla

Reserve Forest and Extension located within 15 Km radius from proposed project site.

1.3.1 Meteorological Conditions• Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the

daily minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of

September and November respectively

• Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded

in the months of September to November respectively

• Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded

in the months of September and November respectively

• Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm

• Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6

m/s and 1.9 m/s.

• Predominant wind direction is NE.

1.3.2 Ambient Air EnvironmentEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the

study area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3,

C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for

Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study

period.

1.3.3 Noise QualityEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of noise levels. The field

observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels slightly

exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the limits prescribed by

MoEF&CC.

1.3.4 Water QualityThe prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4

sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November

2016.

Surface water• Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and

8.13

• Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm

• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l

• Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l

Page xxv

• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l

• Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l

Ground Water• pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32

• Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm

• Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l

• Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l

• Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l

• The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu),

Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg)

are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations

1.3.5 SoilIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land

use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08)

locations in the study area.

• Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area

• pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52

• Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm

• Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha

• Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha

• Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha

• Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%

• Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc

1.3.6 Biological EnvironmentBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The

study area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are

under Paddy, cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / scheduled

species found within the study area.

1.3.7 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The project area is

more urban as 72.71% of the population is in the urban area.

• Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population –

452714. The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child

population is 51795.

Page xxvi

• Health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the

project area.

There is a District Hospital providing multi specialized health services in

Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available.

There is no infectious disease in the project area. The Maternal Mortality

Rate and Infant

Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care

facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and

awareness.

• Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware

of the importance of purified water .In the case of sanitation access to the

toilets is very low.

• The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well

connected by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to

the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of education.

The area has a good number of higher education intuitions

• Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of

workers are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. The principal

crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oil seeds and other crops.

• Kadapa Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very

close to the proposed Industrial estate. Bharathi Cements, Zuari Cements,

India cements are reputed industries in the area.

1.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures• APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres

(2651.92 Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of

APIIC Ltd for more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and

there will be some land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for

development of the proposed project.

• Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP.

Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by

RO & ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator

of MIP. Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF.

• Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt

development/Toilet Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from

CETP will be reused as non potable water for various applications (mostly

utilities). Discharge of wastewater on land is not permitted and there will not be

Page xxvii

any impacts due to contamination of soil, ground and surface water (canals &

numerous village ponds) in and around the project sites, so that the proposed

system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system.

• Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and

varnishes etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.

Hazardous materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations

with restricted entry and with fire-fighting facilities.

• H azardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors.

• Mod eling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level

concentration.

The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and

PM10 were found within the NAAQ standards.

• All Process units of chemical industry in the MIP will be provided withAPC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid &

Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon mediathen routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Wet

Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further

treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring

as per CPCB Guidelines.

• All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & BagFilters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCBGuidelines.

• All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as

per CPCB Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the

emissions from D.G set. Location of DG sets and other emission

generating equipment will be decided keeping in view thepredominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby

residential areas.

1.5 Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeEnvironmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the

project. During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as follows -

Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8

locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. Of the

eight locations Kopparthy, Thologanganapalle, Ambavaram, Rampathadu are within site,

Beligi Palli towards SE of site, Putha Chinnayapallee towards N of site, Vellatur towards

SW of site and Paidikalva towards NW of site. In the operation phase, the monitoring

Page xxviii

locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8

locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality

-8 locations, Meteorology at site, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETP,

sewage quality at both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2

CSTP. The budget for Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is

proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs.

1.6 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into

helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical &

social care and other necessities of life.

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life,

protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and

salvage operations in this same order of priorities. The objective of the DMP is to make

use of the combined resources of the project facilities and the outside services to achieve

the following:

• Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties

• Safeguard other people

• Minimize damage to property and the environment

• Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

• Identify any dead

• Provide for the needs of relatives

• Provide authoritative information to the news media

• Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area

• Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into

the cause and circumstances of the emergency.

1.7 Project BenefitsThe project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for

integrated over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire

region for fast track development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the

region.

1.8 Environmental Management Plan

Following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed;

• Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management

• Rainwater harvesting

• Occupational health and safety

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• Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental

impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational

phases of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional

mechanism.

• Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs.

3.85 Crores as operational cost.

• Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and

Rs.7.5 Lakhs as operational cost.

1.9 Conclusion• There is no forest land involved for the proposed project and hence

forest clearance is not applicable for the project.

• There are no national parks/ wild life sanctuaries located within 10 Km

radius of the project site.

• Green belt development of 33% will be ensured for the project.

• The proposed industrial park will also help to accommodate the

relocation of several industries from the densely populated state capital.

• The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from

the habitation area.

• The project site will have good approach roads being developed by the

Government and thus will lead to hindrance free approach for

transportation of heavy equipment without causing any problems for the

public.

• The proposed project will improve the socioeconomic condition of

surrounding area there by improving the economy of State and the country.

Page xxx

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District,

Andhra Pradesh

Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Overview of the project

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is prepared for proposed Mega Industrial

Park at Kopparthy, Yadavapuram, Tadigotla, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu

Villages, Chintakomma Dine, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra

Pradesh State. The project scope involves various Industrial units to be proposed within the

Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares) of land to be Developed

By (APIIC) Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation.

1.1.1 Project proponentAndhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of Andhra

Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing Industrial

infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones. Over 253

Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of over

1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal role, in

attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple incentives.

Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation was formed in 1973 by the GO No: 831

dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh. APIIC is spread over in all districts of Andhra Pradesh having 15 Zonal Offices.

APIIC has manpower of all sectors including Administration, Engineering & Quality Assurance,

Legal, Marketing, Finance & Internal Audit etc.,

APIIC will undertake infrastructure development in its Industrial parks and takes up regular

maintenance.

APIIC is also delegated with Local Authority Powers under Panchayat Raj & Municipal Act by

GoAP.

1.2 Proposed project

The proposed Mega Industrial Park project is proposed at Kopparthy village, with an area of

6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha). The proposed Industrial Park will function as an integrated

package with all the required facilities, which will ensure sustainable development of small,

medium and large scale industries with sufficient provision for future growth and expansion.


Andhra Pradesh

Page 2

1.3 Justification and need for the project

Indian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the

contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the

Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle

free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been

facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, pharmaceutical,

textiles, Petro Chemical, engineering industries, etc.

South India especially Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh States has the majority of IPs,

SEZs & IEs. The proposed IP would provide infrastructure support and other incentives for the

growth of most lucrative businesses in Andhra Pradesh.

The major developmental change that happened during the 2014-15 financial year is the

division of erstwhile AP into two states viz., Telangana and Andhra Pradesh formed on the day

of June 2, 2015. The Telangana with Hyderabad as its capital city is carved out of erstwhile AP

as the 29thState of the Union of India. Capitalizing the loss of Hyderabad to the other state as a

“blessing in disguise” the AP state is gearing up with high strength for much better bargaining

with regards to economic and developmental support from Government of India (GOI). In this

regard the state has already made significant strides but eligible and qualified to get total

support from GOI. In order to augment the growth, the state has planned multitude of

development options in all sectors (tourism, Water resources, Agriculture, urban development,

education etc.,) including industrial sector. The proposed IP is one such development to

improve economy and employment generation.

1.4 Location of the project

The Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli,

Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals,

YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km

from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares). Location map of the site

with 10 Km radius is given inFigure 1-1and the Google image is given in Figure 1-2. The salient

features of the site are given in Table 1-1.


Andhra Pradesh

Page 3

N

Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site

Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary


Andhra Pradesh

Page 4

Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs(10Km radius study Area)

Sl.No. Particulars Details1 Location:

Village Kopparthy, Tadigodla, Yadavapuram, T.G.Palli,

Ambavaram & Rampathadu

Taluk (Mandal) Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri

Mandals

District YSR Kadapa

State Andhra Pradesh

2 Latitude Phase 1 Phase 214˚ 28’ 43.51”N 14˚ 28’ 26.76” N

14˚ 29’ 04.15” N 14˚ 28’ 15.56” N

14˚ 29’ 18.32” N 14˚ 28’ 26.30” N

14˚ 30’ 03.02” N 14˚ 27’ 48.93” N

14˚ 31’ 19.61” N 14˚ 27’ 19.28” N

14˚ 30’ 19.81” N 14˚ 26’ 43.24” N

14˚ 29’ 56.98” N 14˚ 26’ 25.69” N

14˚ 31’ 20.88” N 14˚ 26’ 37.28” N

3 Longitude Phase 1 Phase 278˚ 42’ 53.29” E 78˚ 43’ 27.44” E

78˚ 43’ 58.95” E 78˚ 44’ 45.12” E

78˚ 44’ 24.72” E 78˚ 44’ 14.95” E

78˚ 44’ 53.16” E 78˚ 45’ 39.70” E

78˚ 45’ 51.77” E 78˚ 45’ 50.80” E

78˚ 44’ 22.48” E 78˚ 45’ 26.81” E

78˚ 42’ 55.08” E 78˚ 43’ 38.60” E

4 Elevation above mean

sea level (MSL)

140 -163 mt (AMSL)

5 Climatic conditions as per

IMD

Tropical wet and dry with high temperature.

Annual Max. Temperature – 40.3ºC

Annual Min. Temperature- 34.5ºC


Andhra Pradesh

Page 5

Sl.No. Particulars DetailsAnnual Total Rainfall – 675 mm

Predominant wind direction – SW

Average Wind speed- 2.5m/s

6 Present land use at the

proposed site

Dry land with shrubs

7 Nearest Highway/Road NH - ≈18- 2.4Km (E)

SH – ≈31- 6.9km (E)

8 Defence installations Nil within 10Km radius

9 Nearest railway station Krishnapuram – ≈1.26Km (E)

10 Nearest airport/air strip Kadapa – ≈1 Km (E)

11 Nearest villages Ganganpalle – ≈700m (W)

Pabbapuram – ≈1.45Km (E)

Rampathadu – ≈1.63Km (W)

Ambavaram – ≈1.08Km (N)

Charlopalle – ≈2.35Km (NE)

Yadavapuram – ≈270m (W)

12 Nearest City Yerraguntla - ≈19Km (W)

13 Nearest town Kadapa – ≈6Km (E)

14 Nearest river Papagni River – ≈1.5Km (NW)

15 Hills/valleys Pendlipenta Hill – ≈12Km – (E)

Palamani Hill – ≈13Km – (S)

Pangodla Hill range – ≈12Km – (S)

Lankamalla Hill ranges – ≈11Km – (E)

16 Archaeologically

important places

Nil with in 10 Km radius

17 Nearest place of

Tourist/Religious

importance

Ameen Peer Dargha - ≈6.6Km (NE)

(324 Years old Dargha)

Gandikota Reservoir - ≈56 Km (NW)

Sri kodandarama Swamy Temple - ≈29Km (SE)

Sri Veerabhadra Swamy Temple - ≈18.7Km (N)

18 Ecologically sensitive

areas (National

Sri Lankamalleswara Wild Life Sanctuary –

≈11Km (NE)


Andhra Pradesh

Page 6

Sl.No. Particulars DetailsParks/Wildlife

sanctuaries/bio-sphere

reserves)

19 Reserved/Protected

forests within 10 km

radius

Ganganapalle R. F ≈ 4Km S

Pankolda R. F ≈ 12Km S

Kolumulapalle R. F ≈ 12Km SE

Lankamalla R. F ≈ 11 Km NE

Tummuluru R. F ≈ 9Km W

20 List of Major Polluting

Industries

Dalmia Cements (P) Ltd., - ≈2.65Km - NNE

21 Topography of the plant

site

Plain

22 Nature of soil Red and Black Soil

1.4.1 Justification for site selectionAPIIC has already finalized the area for Mega Industrial Park since it is located adjacent to state

highway. Airport and Seaports are the additional added advantages for the business and socio

economic development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National

Highways and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa

Airport at a distance of 1Km from the project site.

The proposed site has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh.The site finalization is

based on the following parameters:

a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed industrial park.

b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures.

c) Skilled man power available in YSR Kadapa district.

Thus, the selection of the site is justified.

1.4.2 Selected Project siteAPIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04Acres (2651.92

Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu

Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa District,

Andhra Pradesh State.


Andhra Pradesh

Page 7

1.5 Need for the EIA study

As per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments, issued by Ministry of

Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under Environment Protection Act,

Industrial Estates with area greater than >500 ha and housing at least one Category B industry

are required to obtain Environmental Clearance.

1.5.1 Project screening and ToRThe proposed project was appraised by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change

(MoEF & CC) during the meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee for projects related to

Infrastructure Development, Coastal Regulation Zone, Building/Construction and Miscellaneous

projects held on 28-29 Jan and 28-29 Mar 2016 and accorded Terms of Reference vide Letter

no. F.No.21-1/2016-IA.III dated May 23, 2016. The same is attached as Appendix I. ToR

Compliance is attached as Appendix II.

1.5.2 EIA studyThe EIA study was undertaken covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned in

the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF & CC, New Delhi.

This EIA study was undertaken by M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai (HECS),

a NABET accredited EIA consulting organization, with specific project related inputs required for

undertaking the EIA studies for Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC),

Vijayawada.

M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd is authorized to undertake EIA studies for Industrial

estates/parks/complexes/areas, export processing zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones

(SEZs), Biotech Parks, leather Complexes as per the NABET accreditation scheme.

1.5.3 Cost of the EIA studyThe cost for EIA studies is Rs.20,80,000/- (Rupees Twenty Lakhs Eighty thousand only)

1.6 Regulatory Context

The following standards are denoted the basic standards for the EIA baseline studies. During

the study period, the baseline monitoring of all the parameters are compared based on the

standards only.


Andhra Pradesh

Page 8

1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height StandardsThe minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set can be worked out using

the following formula:

H = h+0.2x /KVA

H = Total height of stack in metre

h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed

KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA

Based on the above formula the minimum stack height to be provided with different range of

generator sets may be categorised as follows:

For Generator Sets Total Height of stack in metre50 KVA Ht. of the building + 1.5 metre

50-100 KVA Ht. of the building + 2.0 metre





Similarly, for higher KVA ratings a stack height can be worked out using the above formula.

1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standardsa. Noise Standards for DG sets (15-500 KVA):

The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than 94+10 log10

(KVA), dB (A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power

rating of a DG set.

This level should fall by 5 dB (A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then

in 2007.

b. Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationaryDG sets (5 KVA and above):Noise from the DG sets should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure

on by treating the room acoustically.

The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for

minimum 25 dB(A). Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,

whichever is on the higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side,

it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic

enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may


Andhra Pradesh

Page 9

be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the

night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points

at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged.

The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion

Loss of minimum 25 dB(A).

c. Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets 5 KVA and above:

The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of

25 dB(A) Insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with Insertion

Loss of 25 dB(A).

The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG

set; outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper

siting and control measures.

The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsilenced DG

sets as per standards prescribed under (A).

The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user's end, shall be within 2

dB(A) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing

stage, as prescribed under (A).

Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the

recommendation of the DG set manufacturer.

A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set

should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer

which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with

use.

1.6.3 Work-zone Noise StandardsWork zone noise standards are given in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 General noise standardsArea Code Category Area Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night TimeA Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

D Silence zone 50 40


Andhra Pradesh

Page 10

Definition:Day time: Between 6 AM and 10 PM

Night time: Between 10 PM and 6 AM

Silence Zone: Areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals,

educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the

Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of

crackers shall be banned in these zones.

1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality StandardsThe National Ambient Air Quality Standards are given in Table 1-3

Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality StandardsPollutant Time Weighted

AverageConcentration in Ambient Air (µg/m3)Industrial

Residential, Rural &Other Areas

Ecologically SensitiveAreas (notified by

Central Government)Sulphur dioxide(SO2) (µg/m3)

Annual Average* 50 2024 hrs** 80 80

Nitrogen dioxide(NO2) (µg/m3)

Annual Average* 40 3024 hrs ** 80 80

Particulate Matter(Size less than 10µg) (PM10) (µg/m3)


Particulate Matter(Size less than 2.5µg) (PM2.5) (µg/m3)


Ozone (O3)(µg/m3)

8 hrs ** 100 1001 hrs ** 180 180

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) Annual Average* 0.5 0.524 hrs ** 1.5 1.0

Carbon monoxide(CO) (µg/m3)

8 hrs ** 2000 20001 hrs ** 4000 4000

Ammonia (NH3)(µg/m3)


Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 5 5Benzo(a) Pyrene(BaP)- Particulatephase only (µg/m3)

Annual* 0.001 0.001

Arsenic (As)(µg/m3)

Annual* 0.006 0.006

Nickel (Ni) (µg/m3) Annual* 0.020 0.020


Andhra Pradesh

Page 11

Note:*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular

site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, should be met 98%

of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two

consecutive days of monitoring.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Page 12

1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge StandardsThe tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters are given in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewatersSl.No.

Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters intoInland surface

Waters (a)Public Sewers

(b)On Land forIrrigation (c)

Marine Coastal Areas(d)

1 Suspended Solids mg/l 100 600 200 a. For process wastewater-100b. For cooling waterwastewater 10 percentabove, total suspendedmatter of influent coolingwater

2 Particle Size of SuspendedSolids

Shall pass 850micron I.S. Sieve

- - a. Floatable solidsmaximum 3 mm.b. Settlable solidsmaximum 850 microns

3 Dissolved Solids (inorganic)mg/l

2100 2100 2100 -

4 pH Value 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 95 Temperature 45°C at the point of

discharge45°C at the

point ofdischarge

45°C at the point ofdischarge

6 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 20 10 207 Total Residual Chlorine mg/l 1.0 - - 1.08 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N)

mg/l50 50 - 50

9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N)mg/l

100 - - 100


Page 13

Sl.No.





10 Free Ammonia (as NH3) mg/l 5.0 - - 5.011 Bio Chemical Oxygen

Demand (3 days at 27°C) mg/l30 350 100 100

12 Chemical Oxygen Demandmg/l

250 - - 250

13 Arsenic (as As ) mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.214 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0115 Lead (as Pb ) mg/l 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.016 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.017 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr

+6 ) mg/l0.1 2.0 0.1 0.1

18 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.019 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.020 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.521 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.0522 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.023 Boron (as B) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.024 Percent Sodium % - 60 60 -25 Residual Sodium Carbonate

mg/l- - 5.0 -

26 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.227 Chloride (as Cl ) mg/l 1000 1000 600 -28 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.529 Dissolved Phosphates (as P)

mg/l5.0 - - -

30 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/l 1000 1000 1000 100031 Sulphides (as S) mg/l 2.0 - 2.0 5.0


Page 14

Sl.No.





32 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent33 Phenolic Compounds (as

C6H5OH) mg/l1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

34 Radio Active Materialsa. Alpha emitters microcurie/ml

10-7 10-7 10-8 10-7

b. Beta emitters microcurie/ml

10-6 10-6 10-6 10-7

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa

District, Andhra Pradesh

Page 15

1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared based on

the methods and guidelines suggested by MoEF&CC to address all the specific

conditions stipulated in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF & CC.

The EIA study team, headed by EIA Coordinator, along with the approved

Functional Area Experts, undertook detailed baseline studies as per the ToR.

Micro-meteorological data comprising hourly readings of wind speed, wind

direction, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and rainfall details were

measured by installing an onsite meteorological station near the Project site.

Hourly/monthly readings were collected for a period of three (03) months.

Micro-meteorological data was adopted for generating wind rose diagrams and

also to predict the ground level concentrations due to release of emissions from

the proposed facility.

Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) was measured at eight (8) locations in the study area

as per the methods and procedures recommended by Central Pollution Control

Board (CPCB) Air quality sampling was undertaken for a period of 12 weeks with

a total of 24 samples per site were taken as per the MoEF&CC guidelines.

Stipulated criteria pollutants such as particulate matter size less than 10 microns

(PM10), particulate matter size less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and

Ozone (O3) were analysed at all the locations. The measured background air

quality data was compared with that of the prevailing National Ambient Air Quality

Standards and this will also form the basis for predicting the cumulative air quality

scenario due to the operation of the proposed facility.

Hydro-geological status was studied based on the secondary published long-term

data. Data on sub-surface soil profile in the study area was obtained. In addition,

a preliminary study on the regional and local aquifer status was studied based on

secondary data.

Ground water samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms

of reference for all the designated parameters. The measured values were

compared with drinking water standards. Secondary data on the regional ground

water status was also collected from the Central Ground Water Board and the

State Ground Water Board.



Page 16

There are no major perennial rivers flowing within the study area. However, surface water

samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms of reference for all the

designated parameters. All seasonal streams, rivers and water bodies located within the

study area were mapped through latest remote sensing data under land use and land cover

study. Walkthrough surveys were undertaken to assess the current status of the water

resources. Details about the major cropping pattern and irrigation methods etc were

collected from local village offices and also published district census data. Details of the

surface water quality in the study area were also collected and analysed for designated

physicochemical, elemental and biological parameters.

Land use and land cover was mapped using remote sensing satellite imagery. The data was

processed using applicable software models and level 1 land use classification within the

study area was developed. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was also

developed to assess the terrain conditions and also possible flooding scenarios, although

there are no perennial rivers in the study area.

A walkthrough survey was also undertaken near the forest boundaries, major settlements

and plantation area to verify the land use as a part of the ground truth survey procedures.

Soil samples were also collected at eight (08) locations and all relevant parameters such as

texture, nutrients, heavy metals and other parameters were analysed in the soil samples.

Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted ecological and

biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-diversity density and

abundance were estimated. Walkthrough surveys near forest area and its environs were

also undertaken to assess the ecology around the forest areas and dependency of the local

people on the forest produce. Primary socio economic survey was undertaken in the study

area to capture the socio-economic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking

water and sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a

specific reference to the villages located within five (5) km radius of the project site and

villages located within 5 to 10Km radius of the project site.

A typical review on the various industrial units, various pollution control systems proposed

details of wastes and discharges that are envisaged from the proposed project were also

undertaken. Such inputs are adopted while predicting various environmental impacts due to

operation of the facility and also to suggest an appropriate environmental management plan

and environmental monitoring plan.

As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, an attempt was made to predict

the possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality impacts due to



Page 17

release of emissions within the MIP and outside MIP within 10Km study area were modeled

using AERMOD model.

Ground level concentration of criteria pollutants such as Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide,

and Oxides of Nitrogen were estimated using MoEF&CC approved AERMOD model.

Maximum ground level concentrations were predicted and concentration isopleths of the

above mentioned pollutants were plotted.

The predicted ground level concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the

prevailing baseline concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely

cumulative post project scenario and such values were compared with the National Ambient

Air Quality Standards.

Noise generating sources and the expected noise levels were estimated. Impact due to

utilisation of treated wastewater for green cover and irrigation applications was studied.

Since the proposed facility will not discharge any treated wastewater into surface water

bodies (ponds, rivers and Canals), no further environmental modeling studies related to river

water quality modeling etc were considered under this study.

In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from community

development plans under CSR programme, ecological and biodiversity enhancement

aspects due to development of plantation and green-cover development in the project site

were also studied.

Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive report on

the environmental management plan was developed covering the following aspects:

construction phase environmental management plan, air quality management plan, noise

and water quality management plan, wastewater treatment, reuse, recycling and disposal

programme, rainwater harvesting plan, socioeconomic and community development plan,

ecological and biodiversity enhancement plan. An outline of the proposed environmental

management systems, environmental cell and environmental monitoring programme is also

presented in this report.

Although the proposed MIP utilises the limited quantities of flammable and combustible

materials with threshold levels below the stipulated quantities under Hazardous Materials

Handling Rules, a preliminary risk assessment study and Disaster Management study, was

undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any, due to storage and handling of solvents,

diesel, furnace oil, coal and other combustible material. Where ever applicable, quantitative

methods were adopted to establish the heat radiation levels due to accidental fires at

storage facilities.



Page 18

Based on the risk assessment study, a preliminary fire safety and occupational health

management plan was suggested. A roadmap for onsite emergency and disaster

management plan was suggested based on the preliminary information available at this

stage.

1.8 Structure of the EIA Report

This EIA report is structured based on the following chapters.

Chapter 1 – Introduction presents details of project background, overview of the project

and study area, type of proposed project, justification and need for the project, screening

and scoping studies etc.,

Chapter 2 – (Project Description) presents details of the proposed facility, land

requirement and details of various supporting facilities required for the project.

Chapter 3 - (Description of Environment) presents a comprehensive description of the

baseline environmental conditions of the study area. This includes the data obtained from

primary surveys and also secondary published data from various authentic sources.

Chapter 4 – (Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures) presents the

environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and

discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under

project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational

phase environmental impacts.

Chapter 5 – (Analysis of Alternative Sites & Technology) presents alternative sites if any

considered for the project and alternative Technologies considered for this project.

Chapter 6 – (Environmental Monitoring Programme) depicts the summary of proposed

environmental management plan.

Chapter 7 – (Additional Studies) presents the findings of the risk assessment study,

risk/mitigation plan, a preliminary onsite emergency and disaster management plan.

Chapter 8 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project.

Chapter 9 – (Environmental Management Plan) depicts the summary of proposed

environmental management plan.

Chapter 10 – Presents the (Summary and Conclusion) of EIA report.

Chapter 11 – Disclosure of Consultant Engaged presents the declaration by the EIA

consultant organization as per the NABET requirements.



Page 19

CHAPTER-2PROJECT DESCRIPTION



Page 20

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.1 Overview

APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres

(2651.92 Hectares) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganapalli, Ambavaram &

Rampathadu Villages, Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa

District, Andhra Pradesh State.

Total plotted area for the proposed site is 2973.77 Acres. The Park is proposed to be spread

over 6553.04 acres and caters to the socio-economic development of the region. There are

totally 219 units proposed for the proposed MIP site. Project site features are described in

Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Features of the siteS.No Item Details

1. Name of the Project Proposed Mega Industrial Park-

Kopparthy

2. Schedule and Category of

Project

7 (c), Industrial Estate / Parks

Category A

3. Proposed total area 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha)

4. Location 14˚ 22’ and 14˚ 38’ North and 78˚ 38’

and 78˚ 53’ East

Villages Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram,

T.G.Palli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu

Tehsil Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur &

Pendlimarri

District Kadapa (Y.S.R)

State Andhra Pradesh

2.2 Land for the Project

The survey nos. for proposed Industrial Park of 2651.92 Hectares falls in 5 villages. The

details are

Kopparthy Village - S.Nos. 1-119, 433- 442, 448 - 459, 637- 640, 658, 660, 667- 675, 687,

688- 761, 766, 768, 770-773, 775, 776, 779, 780, 781, 783, 785- 791, 793- 798, 800- 915,

917- 944, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1203- 1214, 1217- 1243, 1245, 1246, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1253,

1255, 1256, 1257- 1302, Tadigodla Village- S.Nos. 1- 34, 36- 39, 42, 44- 47, 53, 55- 60, 62,



Page 21

63, 67, 68, 69, 148- 190, 192, 193- 218. Yadavapuram Village -S.Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13- 17,

19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 31- 53, 55- 88, 90, 91, 92, 94-108, 110- 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 125-

132.

T.G.Palli Village -S.Nos. 327-356, 358- 367.

Ambavaram Village- S.Nos. 518 - 555, 1206, 1209 - 1221, 1225-1264 and Rampathadu

Village - S.Nos. 24, 27, 28, 29, 32- 36, 38, 39, 40, 64. The entire land has been handed over

to APIIC. The project key map is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Proposed project site locationThe study area falls within the Toposheet nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15. The Topo sheet showing

the project site and 15 km radius is given in Figure 2-2.


Page 22

Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius



Page 23

2.3 Land Acquisition StatusThe area for the Kadapa MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any

settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation

for development of proposed MIP. APIIC has acquired the land for development of MIP from

both Government and private owners and the land documents are enclosed in Annexure -1.

Village wise land extent is given in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 Village wise land extent

Sl.No.Name of the Village

& Mandal

Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (inAcres)

Govt., DKT Patta Total

1Kopparthy (V), CK

Dinne (M)544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97

2Tadigotal (V), CK

Dinne (M)392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14

3Yadavapuram (V),

Vallur (M)441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79

4Tholagangana Palli

(V), Vallur (M)58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51

5Ambavaram (V),

Pendlimarri (M)69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7

6Rampathadu (V),

Pendlimarri (M)74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93

TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04(Source: Village revenue records)

2.4 Proposed Master plan for the ProjectThere are approximately 219 plots proposed for the propoed MIP. The proposed industries

are classified as Red, Orange and green category. The area breakup of allotment is given in

Table 2-3. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given in the Master Plan.

The Master Plan Indicating the type of Industry is enclosed in Annexure-2.

Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed projectS.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)

1 Total land area 6553.04 1002 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38

3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10



Page 24

S.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.85

5 Tanks 216.93 3.31

6 Roads 897.76 13.69

7 Open Space 694.62 10.59

8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04

2.4.1 Zonation of IndustriesProposed industries are classified under Five major industrial sectors. The Industrial sector

with the type of industry proposed and approximate area is given in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed

S.NoIndustrySector

Sub Sector Area (Acres)App. No of

units1 Pharma and

Chemical

Synthetic Organic chemicals 175 5

Lead acid batteries 90 5

Waste oil/ drums processing

units50 5

Solvent recovery units 55 5

Lubricating oils 63.77 25

Industrial gases/ Isolated

storage95 5

Paint Industry 175 5

Dyes and Intermediates 180 10

2 Food

processing

Food processing 100 6

Soft drinks 90 6

Milk chilling and Diary 115 10

Agro based units 125 15

3 Textile Textile 75 5

Garments 60 10

4 Engineering Glass Manufacturing 130 2

Automobile parts 110 10

Electrical machinery parts 60 10

Gems and jewellery 115 20

Metallurgical Industries 170 10



Page 25

S.NoIndustrySector

Sub Sector Area (Acres)App. No of

unitsIndustrial carbon 70 5

Carbon Black 175 3

Steel rerolling 100 20

R and D units 100 10

Cement Manufacturing 100 2

5 Petrochemical Petrochemical based

processing250 5

6 Infrastructure TSDF Facility 75 1

CETP 70 4

Total 2973.77 219

2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed ProjectThere are total 219 plots and the type of industries which could come in that plots is given in

Table 2-5. The allotments proposed for the vacant plots are based on the enquiry, availability

of land, and the availability of raw materials in the district. The list of allotted industries is

given in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted

S.No

Name ofIndustry Type of Industry

Classification as

perAPPCB

EIA Categoryas A/B with

conditions tobe implied inAPIIC park

Total Areain Acres

1 AdilakshmiIndustries

Reclamation ofwaste oil

Red - - 1

2 Bindhu PyroIndustries

Carbon/ CarbonBlack/ Miscinorganic compound

- 1.26

3 Keerthi Pharmapackagingindustries

Multilayer laminatedtubes/ Sachets

Orange - - 0.89

4 Krishna BarathiPulverisingIndustry

Barium Powder Red - - 4

5 PadmavathiCarbon

Activated Carbon Orange - - 4



Page 26

2.4.3 Open AreaOpen area of 10.06% will be provided by APIIC which can be used for Green belt

development. The open area allotted is 694.62 Acres.

2.4.4 Common FacilitiesTotal area allotted for common facilities is 203.36 Acres. This will include Administration

Building is proposed in the plot and facilities like Bank, ATM, canteen, post office, weigh

bridge, truck parking area, fire station and Occupational Health Centre is proposed to

facilitate the Industries within the Estate.

It is proposed to provide weighbridge and truck parking total covering an area of 15 Acres at

different locations.

Apart from this raw water storage tank, waste processing area, CETP, electrical substation

area also proposed.

2.4.5 Green Belt AreaGreen Belt of 23.04% is proposed for the project. The area allotted is 1510.45 Acres.Apart

from this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the

total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on providing green

belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within

the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation.

6 R.R.Chemicals Barium Carbonate,Barium Nitrate andSodium Sulphideflakes

Red - -

1.89

7 S.S Chemicals Barium Carbonate,Barium Nitrate andSodium Sulphideflakes

Red - -

4

8 VenkshviPharma

ActivePharmaceuticalIngredients &Intermediates

Red A -

20

9 AndhraPradesh StateCooperativeMarketingfederation

Agri – hortiProcessing

Red - -

15.25

Total 52.29



Page 27

2.4.6 Road AreaInternal roads will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres will be provided for

internal roads.

2.5 Current Status of the siteCurrently there is one Industry under operation -Venkshvi Pharma. Approach road to the site

is Kadapa- Pulivendula Road. The site photpgraphs of site with approach road is given in

Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 Site Photographs

Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road

2.6 Water Requirement2.6.1 Construction PhaseDuring the construction phase, the water requirement for the project is calculated as 256

KLD. Approximate people working will be around 600 nos. The breakup of water requirement



Page 28

is given in Table 2-6. Only infrastructure development like provision of storm water drain,

laying of roads, water supply line, providing substation, green belt in common area, common

facilities are under the scope of APIIC. The construction period for infrastructure facilities is

estimated to be 24-36 months.

Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction PhaseS. No Activities Water Requirement (KLD)1 Labours (@ 60 LPD for 600

laborers)

36

2 Water for Construction 100

3 Other activities (including green

belt development)

120

Total 256

2.6.2 Operation PhaseDuring Operation Phase, the total water requirement is approximately calculated as 35150

KLD (35 MLD). Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Around 4635 KLD will be met from

recycling of treated effluent. Water requirement for green belt will be 21501 KLD. This will be

met from treated sewage (359 KLD) and treated effluent (21142 KLD). The detailed break up

of water requirement for each industry based on assumptions is given in Table 2-7. The

water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli reservoir which is around 8.2 Km towards the

northern side of proposed project site. The Government Order for water supply is given in

Annexure- 3. Water Balance is given in Figure 2-5.Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase

S. No Industry type AreaAcres

App. Noof units

Manpower

DomesticKLD

IndustrialKLD

1Synthetic Organicchemicals(Pharma)

175 5 1000 60 2500

2 Paint Industry 175 5 300 18 1000

3Dyes andIntermediates

180 10 500 30 4000

4Petrochemicalbased processing

250 5 600 36 7500

5 R and D units 100 10 100 6 250

6 Textile 75 5 100 6 2500

7 Food processing 100 6 100 6 600



Page 29

S. No Industry type AreaAcres

App. Noof units

Manpower

DomesticKLD

IndustrialKLD

8 Soft drinks 90 6 100 6 600

9Milk chilling andDiary

115 10 250 15 2000

10 Agro based units 125 15 150 9 225

11GlassManufacturing

130 2 500 30 1000

12 Automobile parts 110 10 200 12 100

13Electricalmachinery parts

60 10 200 12 100

15 Garments 60 10 500 30 0

16Gems andjewellery

115 20 200 12 300

17 Industrial carbon 70 5 100 6 500

18 Carbon Black 175 3 300 18 6000

19MetallurgicalIndustries

170 10 500 30 2500

20CementManufacturing

110 2 200 12 1000

21Lead acidbatteries

90 5 150 9 1000

22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 24 400

23 TSDF Facility 75 1 50 3 15

24Waste oil/ drumsprocessing units

50 5 50 3 100

25Solvent recoveryunits

55 5 50 3 75

26 CETP 70 4 50 3 40

27Industrial gases/Isolated storage

95 5 100 6 50

28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 250 15 375

Total 2973.77 219 7000 420 34730



Page 30

Figure 2-5 Water Balance ChartNote:a) Water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir.b) Individual Industries will use the common Effluent Management System for

treatment and reuse of effluent.c) Individual industries can use CETP of APIIC-MIP based on the requirement.



Page 31

2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities2.7.1 Internal Access RoadEvery main haul road shall be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal

plates and kept clear of dusty materials or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical

so as to maintain the entire road surface wet. Internal roads of 18m, 24m and 45m wide with

median will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres is allotted for providing internal

roads. The internal Traffic Circulation plan within the site with internal road is enclosed in

Annexure-4.

2.7.2 Construction MaterialsThe approximate quantity of construction materials used for proposed infrastructure facilities

are given in Table 2-8. The construction materials will be purchased from kadapa which is

around 6 Km from proposed project site.

Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities

S.No ParticularArea

(Sq.m)Steel

(Cu.m)Cement(bags)

Bricks(nos)

Sand(cu.m)

Gravel(cu.m)

1

Storm

water

Drainage

100000 8050 102259.1 32890000 32292.25 0

2 CETP 60000 7005 28402.8 2732400 3933.8 0

3 CSTP 30000 3560 14156.4 1366200 1967 0

4Rainwater

Harvesting80000 0 81807 26312000 25834 0

5 Roads 3630030 42373 1600770 0 211866 175000

Total 52938 1827395 63300600 275893.1 175000

2.7.3 Earthwork for the ProjectThe terrain of the site is almost flat. Contour of the site varies from 126- 151m towards the

northern side of the site and 140 -163m towards the southern side of the site. The elevation

is more towards the southern side of the side. For the proposed infrastructure facilities at site

approximately 4,10,000m3 of soil will be excavated for construction of storm water drains,

CETPs, CSTPs and also facilities for providing Municipal solid waste processing sheds. Top

soil of approximately 10,000m3 will be separated and will be used for green belt

development. Rest of the soil will be used for back filling and development of roads within the

project site. The approximate quantity of excavated earth is given in

Table 2-9.



Page 32

Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity

S.No ParticularArea

(Sq.m)Excavated earth

(cu.m)

1 Storm water 100000 145000

2 CETPs 60000 45000

3 CSTPs 30000 30000

4Rainwater

Harvesting Pits80000 65000

5 Roads 3630030 125000

Total 410000

2.7.4 Storm Water DrainRainwater harvesting structures are proposed for the proposed project for utilization and to

recharge the water resources in the region. The run-off water from the roof of the structures

and paved areas will be collected through storm water drainage system and led to rain water

harvesting structures. Apart from this individual industry, upon establishment will be insisted

to have their own rainwater storage and harvesting facility.

Closed type storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal

roads. Total length of storm water drains within the MIP will be approximately 17500 m.

Storm water manholes along with silt traps of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m (one manhole for every

50m distance), recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m depth are proposed along

the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks at

the site. There are totally 8 tanks (4 on the northern part and 4 on the southern part of site)

within the site with total area of 216.93 Acres. The storm water drainage network with the

details of manholes, pits etc is given in Annexure – 5. Apart from this, individual industries

will be insisted to have their own rainwater harvesting facilities within their premises.

2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous WasteMunicipal Solid WasteDuring construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be

generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Organic solid waste will be disposed to local

bins and generated recyclable waste and scrap will be suitably disposed off to authorised

recyclers.

During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power

considered is 7000 nos.



Page 33

Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be

generated during full operation of the industrial Park.

Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW

processing. The Municipal solid wastegeneration quantity is given in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation

WasteConstruction PhaseQuantity (kg/ day)

Operation PhaseQuantity (kg/day)

CollectionMethod

Disposal method

Organic 135 1575 Bins composting

Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors

• Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day.• Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic waste

generated will be 55 %.• Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day

Organic waste will be composted at project site and used as manure for green belt

development. Inorganic waste will be segregated, stored and disposed to authorised

recyclers by the industries.

Hazardous WasteIndividual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the

common TSDF facility proposed at project site. Till it is established, the individual industries

will dispose to TSDF (Coastal Waste Management Facility within the Pharmacity, Parwada,)

already existing at Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh. The salt generated from the CETP

(Evaporator) will be disposed to TSDF. The approximate quantity of hazardous waste

generated is given in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation

S. No. Hazardouswaste

category no.

Description RecyclableTPA

To TSDFTPA

1 5.1 Used / spent Oil 25 --

2 34.3 Chemical sludge from CETP -- 7700

3 33.3 Discarded containers / barrels /

liners

25 --

4 28.1 Process residues and waste -- 15750

5 28.2 Spent carbon / catalyst 750 --

6 20.3 Distillation Residue -- 860



Page 34

S. No. Hazardouswaste

category no.

Description RecyclableTPA

To TSDFTPA

7 34.4 CETP Evaporator Salt -- 1000

Total 800 25310

2.7.6 Wastewater Treatmenta) Sewage Treatment

It is proposed to provide two numbers of Common Sewage Treatment Plant each of 200 KLD

&350 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed

to provide sewer lines from various industries to CSTP within the MIP. The sewer line from

various industries to proposed CSTP is given in Annexure-6.Specifications of 200 KLD CSTP

Flow rate logisticsDesign capacity : 200 KLD

Operating Hours : 24 hrs

Plant Flow Rate : 8.33 m3/hr

Design Flow Rate : 10 m3/hr

Specifications of 350 KLD CSTPFlow rate logisticsDesign capacity : 350 KLD



Design Flow Rate : 17.5 m3/hr

Quality Logistics for CSTPs

S.No Parameter Units Inlet Outlet Standards1 PH - 6.0 - 8.5 6.0 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0

2 TSS Mg/l 100 – 200 < 30 < 30

3 COD Mg/l 400 - 600 < 100 < 250

4 BOD Mg/l 300 – 400 < 20 < 20

Process Description for CSTPs• The Raw Sewage from various sources will get collected in the collection tank/

Equalization tank through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles

from where it is pumped to the aeration tank through raw sewage transfer pump.

• The Screened sewage in the aeration tank is provided with air diffusion through air

blower & diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place through special type of



Page 35

floating media called “MBBR Media”. MBBR media will expedite the treatment with

minimum sludge.

• The aerated sewage is then led to the clarifier tank provided with clarifier Rake

mechanism where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The clarified water is

then sent to the Clarified water tank.

• The settled sludge from clarifier tank will be pumped to sludge holding tank through

sludge transfer pump from where it is pumped to the filter press unit through screw

pump and the filtrate is taken back to the collection tank.

• The clarified water is then pumped to Pressure Sand filter & Activated carbon filter

using filter feed pump in order to remove the suspended particles, colour and odour.

Sodium hypo chlorite dosing is done online for disinfection purpose. The filtered water

is used for gardening.

• The specifications and process flow diagrams of CSTP of 200 KLD and 350 KLD is

enclosed in Annexure-7b) Effluent TreatmentIt is proposed to provide 4 numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plants each of capacity

12000 KLD, 10000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 2000 KLD to treat the effluent generated from the

industries proposed in the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed to provide effluent lines

from industries proposed to CETP. The effluent line from various industries to CETP is

enclosed in Annexue-8.

Specifications of CETP of 10000 KLDDesign BasisEffluent Treatment Plant

Plant Capacity : 10000 KLD




Ultra Filtration PlantPlant flow rate : 420 cum/hr

Design flow rate : 420 cum/hr

RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 420 cum/hr

Recovery : 75%

Permeate flow rate : 315 cum/hr

Reject flow rate : 105 cum/hr

RO Plant – II



Page 36

Plant Flow Rate : 105 cum /hr

Recovery : 70 %

Permeate flow rate : 73.5 cum /hr

Reject flow rate : 31.5 cum /hr

RO Plant – IIIPlant Flow Rate : 31.5 cum /hr

Recovery : 60 %

Permeate flow rate : 19 cum /hr


Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr








RO Plant – IPlant flow rate : 84 cum/hr (Single Phase)

Recovery : 75%



RO Plant – IIPlant Flow Rate : 21 cum /hr

Recovery : 65 %



Multiple Effect Evaporator : 7.5 cum/hr (both phases)

Specifications of CETP of 2500 KLDDesign Basis

Effluent Treatment Plant





Page 37






Recovery : 75%




Recovery : 70 %



Multiple Effect Evaporator : 8 cum/hr




Plant Flow Rate : 500 m3/hr





Recovery : 75%




Recovery : 75 %

Permeate flow rate : 94 cum /hr

Reject flow rate : 31 cum /hr



Page 38

RO Plant – IIIPlant Flow Rate : 31 cum /hr

Recovery : 60 %



Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr

Quality logistics for all CETPs

S.No Description UnitCETP Inlet

(S1)CETP

Outlet (S2)RO Outlet

(S3)Stds

1 pH - 5.5 – 8.0 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 5.5 – 9

2 TSS mg/l 1000 < 30 < 0.1 < 30

3 BOD mg/l 800 – 1200 < 20 < 10 < 20

4 COD Mg/l 4000 – 6000 < 100 < 50 < 250

5 TDS Mg/l 1800 – 2000 1800 – 2000 < 200 < 2100

6Total residual

chlorineMg/l 10 <1 < 0.1 1

7 AmmoniacalNitrogen (as N)

Mg/l 500 <50 < 5 50

8Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen (as N)Mg/l 1000 <100 < 10 100

9 Arsenic (as As) Mg/l 2 <0.2 <0.1 0.2

10 Mercury(as Hg)

Mg/l 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

11 Lead (as Pb) Mg/l 0.5 <0.1 <0.05 0.1

12Cadmium

(as Cd)Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1

13Total Cadmium

(as Cr)Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2

14Copper(as Cu)

Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3

15 Zinc (as Zn) Mg/l 50 <5 <0.5 5

16Selenium(as Se)

Mg/l 0.5 <0.05 <0.05 0.05

17 Nickel (as Ni) Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3



Page 39

S.No Description UnitCETP Inlet

(S1)CETP

Outlet (S2)RO Outlet

(S3)Stds

18 Boron (as B) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2

19Cyanide(as CN)

Mg/l 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.2

20Chloride(as Cl)

Mg/l 500 500 <100 1000

21 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2

22Sulphate(as SO4)

Mg/l 500 500 <50 1000

23Sulphide

(as S)Mg/l 28 <2.8 <0.3 2.8

24Phenolic

Compounds(as C6H5OH)

Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1

Process Description The Common Effluent Treatment Plant is designed in 2 phases. The effluent generated

from various sources will be collected in the Common Effluent collection tank from

where it will be pumped to oil skimmer unit for the removal of oil through bar screen

chamber in order to remove the floating particles. The overflow from the oil skimmer

tank is sent to the flash mixer tank for neutralization. Suitable dosing is added in the

flash mixer tank using dosing systems. Acid / alkali / Coagulant & Flocculant dosing

system is provided in the flash mixer tank.

The effluent from the flash mixer tank is then sent to the primary clarifier tank provided

with primary clarifier mechanism. The sludge gets settled at the bottom of the tank from

where it is pumped to the common sludge holding tank through sludge pump. The

sludge from sludge holding tank is pumped to the common filter press unit through

screw pump for sludge dewatering. The drain from filter press unit is sent to the

collection tank.

The overflow from the Primary Clarifier tank is then sent to the anaerobic digester tank

provided with SAFF media. BOD reduction takes place in this tank. The overflow from

the anaerobic digester tank is sent to the oxidation tank where air diffusion is provided

with air blower and diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place in the

oxidation tank. The overflow from the oxidation tank is sent to the secondary clarifier

tank provided with secondary clarifier rake mechanism where the sludge settles at the

bottom of the tank. The settled sludge is then pumped to the common sludge holding



Page 40

tank through sludge pump from where it is pumped to the common filter press unit

through screw pump for dewatering purpose.

The overflow from the secondary clarifier tank is sent to the clarified water tank where

sodium hypochlorite dosing is done for disinfection. The clear water from the clarified

water tank is pumped to the pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter in order to

remove the suspended solids and odour through filter feed pump.

The filtered water from pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter is collected in the

UF feed tank from where it is pumped to the ultra filtration unit through cartridge filter.

Periodic backwash & cleaning of UF membranes are to be carried out at regular

intervals. UF permeate water is collected in the UF permeate tank. UF rejects is taken

back to the collection tank.

The water collected in the UF permeate tank is pumped to the Ist stage RO system

provided with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump,

followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. The RO I permeate

water is collected in the RO permeate tank which is used for further process. The

rejects from RO I is collected in the RO I reject tank / RO II Feed tank and sent to RO II

stage with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump,

followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. RO II permeate water is

collected in the common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process

and RO II rejects will be collected in the RO II reject tank. The rejects from RO II is

collected in the RO II reject tank / RO III Feed tank and sent to RO III stage with 60%

recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump, followed by cartridge

filter & then through high pressure pump. RO III permeate water is collected in the

common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process and RO III rejects

will be collected in the RO III reject tank from where it is sent to the Multiple Effect

Evaporator for Evaporation.

Concept for Multiple Effect Evaporator The RO III stage rejects will be concentrated in 3 effect Evaporator plant

followed by Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).

The feed will flow in forward feed manner in Evaporators. All effects are of

Forced Circulation type.

The feed will be preheated by process condensate and partial process vapors

from 3rd effect, 2nd effect & 1st effect. Then the feed will be fed to the 1st

effect.

Live dry saturated steam of 8 kg/cm2 will be fed to the inlet of TVR as a

motive fluid. Partial vapors from effect 1 will be sucked by TVR to mix up with



Page 41

live steam which will be given to shell side of 1st effect. Vapors generated in

the 1st effect will be condensed on the shell side of the 2ndeffect.

Subsequently, the vapors from the 2nd effect will be condensed shell side of

the 3rd effect. Vapors generated in the 3rd effect will be condensed in the

surface condenser.

The process condensate from 1st effect is flashed on the shell side of 2nd

effect. In the same manner, process condensate will be flash into the shell

side of the next effect. And collective process condensate from 1st, 2nd, 3rd

effect shall be collected in the process condensate tank. This will increase the

steam economy.

Vent Vapors are condensed in the condenser. Process condensate from the

3rd effect and surface condenser shall be collected in the condensate pot and

shall be transferred to battery limit through feed preheater.

Concentrated effluent from last effect will be transferred to ATFD for further

concentration of salt slurry to meet ZLD norms.

Common closed loop sealing water system shall be provided for flushing of

mechanical seals of centrifugal pumps for proposed system. This sealing

water system shall be included one PHE, one balance tank and one dedicated

centrifugal pump.

The specifications and process flow diagrams of CETP of 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD

and 12000 KLD is enclosed in Annexure-9.

2.7.7 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this

694.62 Acres (10.59%) of open space is also proposed for green belt. APIIC will also insist

on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be

developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and

avenue plantation.

2.7.8 Power requirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369

MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. The approximate power requirement calculation

is given inTable 2-12.Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation

S.No Industry type AreaAcres

App.No ofunits

Approx.Power

requirement/unit (kVA)

Power(MVA)



Page 42


App.No ofunits

Approx.Power


Power(MVA)

1 SyntheticOrganicchemicals(Pharma)

175 5 1000 5

2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 53 Dyes and

Intermediates180 10 1000 10

4 Petrochemicalbasedprocessing

250 5 5000 25

5 R and D units 100 10 500 56 Textile 75 5 1000 57 Food

processing100 6 1000 6

8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 69 Milk chilling

and Diary115 10 1000 10

10 Agro basedunits

125 15 500 7.5

11 GlassManufacturing

130 2 5000 10

12 Automobileparts

110 10 500 5

13 Electricalmachineryparts

60 10 500 5

15 Garments 60 10 500 516 Gems and

jewellery115 20 500 10

17 Industrialcarbon

70 5 1000 5

18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 1519 Metallurgical

Industries170 10 8000 80

20 CementManufacturing

110 2 5000 10

21 Lead acidbatteries

90 5 2500 12.5

22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 80



Page 43


App.No ofunits

Approx.Power


Power(MVA)

23 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 124 Waste oil/

drumsprocessingunits

50 5 250 1.25

25 Solventrecovery units

55 5 500 2.5

26 CETP 70 4 5000 2027 Industrial

gases/ Isolatedstorage

95 5 700 3.5

28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75Total 2973.77 219 369

2.7.9 Man powerThe manpower requirement during the construction phase for development of infrastructure

facilities is estimated to be 600 nos.

Upon full establishment of the Industrial park, the approximate man power estimated is 7000

nos.

2.7.10 Energy conservation measures

It is proposed to provide solar lighting for street lights and also for open spaces.

Apart from this, it is proposed to provide CFL/ LEDs for common facilities.

APIIC will also insist on providing solar lighting CFLs to the individual industries

wherever applicable.

2.8 Project CostThe project cost is estimated to be Rs.130,575 Lakhs and the detailed cost break up for the

project is given in Table 2-13.

Table 2-13 Project costS. No Description Rs. Lakhs

1 Survey 5000

2 Greenery & fencing 10000

3 Roads 35000

4 Street Lamps 22000

5 Storm water Drain 34000



Page 44

2.9 Project Implementation ScheduleThe project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for

Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36

Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The

tentative project schedule is given in Table 2-14.

Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule

S.No. TASKMonths

1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 361 Construction of

Roads2 Construction of

Storm waterDrainage

3 Construction ofWater SupplyLine

4 Construction ofEffluent Line

5 CommonFacilities

*Based on the proposals received from the project proponents and allotment of industry, timeframe schedule may extend.

6 Layout Approval 14500

7 Admin Building 75

8 CETP& Others 10000

Total 130,575.00



Page 45

CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT



Page 46

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT3.1 PreambleThis chapter depicts the existing environmental conditions in and around the proposed

project with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) located at Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur

and Pendlimarri mandals of Kadapa (Y.S.R) district, Andhra Pradesh. The primary baseline

data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to November 2016, and

secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government organisations. The

primary baseline data has been generated by M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd,

Chennai, MoEF&CC approved Environmental Testing Laboratory for the following Terrestrial

environmental components.

Terrestrial Environmental Componentsa) Meteorology

Temperature

Relative Humidity

Rainfall

Wind Speed & Direction

Solar Radiationb) Ambient Air Quality

Particulate matter <10 micron size (PM10)

Particulate matter <2.5 micron size (PM2.5)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Lead (Pb)

Ozone (O3)

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzo (a) pyrene (C20H12)

Arsenic (As)

Nickel (Ni)

Ammonia (NH3)c) Ambient Noise Levels

Day equivalent noise levels

Night equivalent noise levelsd) Inland Water Quality



Page 47

Groundwater Quality

Surface Water Qualitye) Soil Quality

f) Flora & Fauna (Ecology)

g) Socioeconomic status

3.2 Study AreaThe Administrative unit with in 10 km radius zone comprises of parts of Chennur,

Chinthakommadinne, Kadapa, Kamalapura, Khajipet, Pendlimarry and Vallur mandal of

Kadapa Districts. The study area (10 km radius from the project boundary) lies between N.

Latitudes 14°22’ and 14.38’ and E. Longitude 78°38’ and 78°53’ and forms part of the Survey

of India Toposheet Nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15.The project site is well connected by Rail and

road. Besides these, there is a good network of motorable roads in the study area. The map

showing the study area/PIA for the EIA study is given in Figure 3-1.


Page 48

Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area



Page 49

3.3 Description of the Study AreaThe Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy is approximately 6 km E of Kadapa town, Kadapa

(Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh.

An overall idea of the study area with reference to the physical conditions are presented for

better understanding in the following sections before proceeding into the section on the

prevailing environmental conditions of the study area.

3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areasThe environmental sensitive areas covering an aerial distance of 10 km PIA from project

boundary is given in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project BoundaryS.No Areas Identity / Name Distance

(Kms)Direction

1 Areas protected

underinternational

conventions,national or

local legislation fortheir

ecological,

landscape,cultural or

other related value.

Ganganapalle Reserve

Forest and Extension

4 South

Pankolda Reserve Forest

and Extension

12 South

Kolumulapalle Reserve

Forest

12 South East

Lankamalla Reserve


11 North East

Tummuluru Reserve


9 West

2 Areas which are

important orsensitive of

ecological reasons–

wetlands, water courses

orother water bodies,

coastalzone, biospheres,

mountains,forests.

Pennar River 9.5 North

Pendlipenta Hill 12 South East

Palamani Hill 13 South

Pangolda hill ranges 12 South

Lankamalla hill ranges 11 East

Bugga Dam 10.15 South East

3 Routes or facilities used

by the public for access

torecreation or other

tourist,pilgrim areas

National Highway - 18 2.8 East

State Highway - 31 2.4 East

4 a Areas occupied by

sensitive

Yogi Vemanna University Borderi

ng site

SW



Page 50

S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance(Kms)

Direction

man made land uses

(Colleges)

KSRM College of

Engineering

0.4 NEE

KLM Womens College of

Engineering

0.45 NEE

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of

Medical Science,

Puttampalli

11 SEE

JMJ College for women 14 SEE

Govt. Polytechnic

College for Women,

Vontimitta

12 East

Sri Venkateswara

Institute of Science and

Technology

1 East

Annamacharya Institute

of Science and

Technology

4 South East

Cuddapha Arts college,

Railway colony

7.2 SEE

4 b Schools Surya High School,

Kamalauram

10 North

West

St . Joseph Junior

College

5 East

Gandhi nagar Municipal

School

7 East

Narayana Concept

School

7 East

4 c Place of worship Devuni Kadapa temple 8.15 East

Chennakesavaswamy

temple, Almaspet,

Kadappa

6 East

Al Hasmi Masjid,

Mariapuram

4.8 East



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S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance(Kms)

Direction

Al Murad Qibla Darga,

Gangapenta

6 East

Zulai Khabee Masjid,

R.K. Nagar, Kadapa

7 East

Grace ministries,

Almaspet, Kadapa

6 East

4 d Community facilitites Bharathi Hospital,

Kadappa

6.5 East

Kadappa Municipal

Stadium

7.7 East

Kadappa Govt. Hospital 8 East

Santhigiri ayurveda and

sidda hospital

7 East

Fathima Medical college

and hospital

3.2 SEE

Corporation waste dump

yard

8 -

3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected AreaEcologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found

within 4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest

and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda

Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest

and extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site. 5,00,295 Hectares of

land is under forest in Kadapa district

The forests of the district are of a dry deciduous type. The overall condition of the forest in

the district is not very good. The only distinction of the forest is that its most important

spaces is the famous pterocaropus santalinus or red sanders. Since this is the only district

of the country in which this species occurs, a positive conserve and extend them has been

evolved. These forests fall under three zones wise those of Teral or Fuel Forests upto an

elevation of hundred feet, Hill Forests or Red Sanders lying between the elevation of 800 and

2000 feet and Shoreaeugenla occupying elevations above 2000 feet.This tract has also been

identified as the forest of Dandaka through which the god king Sreerama and his consort

Seetha wandered during their 14 years of exile.



Page 52

The district is blessed with a series of beautiful valleys through which holy rivers like Pinakini

(Pennar), Papaghni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Cheyyeru cut across the district giving the land

sanctity of their own.The river Penna is the most important river flowing right through the

District whose legend is incorporated in a sasanam (inscription) at Gandikota.

The Seshachalam range of hills that pass through this district and is crowned ultimately with

the holy shrine of Tirumala in Chittoor District forms part of the central portion of Eastern

Ghats.The Eastern Ghats don't possess structural continuity. The hill ranges part

themselves from the orographical knot, dividing Settigunta reserve forest and the Balapalle

reserve forest. Ecologically sensitive areas from the project location are shown in Figure3-2.

Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius

3.6 Physical ConditionsIn this section, the physical conditions of PIA district Kadapa (Y.S.R) are discussed in

general and wherever possible references to the conditions prevailing in the study area in

particular are also provided. The physical conditions are discussed as under: District profile

Drainage, land use, geology, Physiography



Page 53

Natural resources

Climatic conditions, seismic zone characteristics and natural hazards

3.6.1 PIA District ProfileKadapa district (officially: YSR Kadapa district) is one of the 13 districts in the Indian state

of Andhra Pradesh. It is also one of the 4 districts in the Rayalaseema region of the

state. Kadapa District occupies an area of 15,938 square kilometres (6,154 sq mi),

comparatively equivalent to Canada's Prince Patrick Island.

The main rivers in the district are Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papagni, Bahuda and

Cheyyeru. The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is the only district

in the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) that is surrounded by AP districts on all sides. All other

districts are either skirting the Bay of Bengal and/or border neighboring states.

Kadapa District has 3 Revenue Divisions viz., Kadapa, Rajampeta and Jammalamadugu

divisions. The district has 50 mandals under these revenue divisions.It also has Municipal

Corporation of Kadapa and Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu and a Nagar panchayat of

Rajampet.

3.6.2 RainfallThe average annual rainfall of the YSR District (Kadapa) is 710 mm, which ranges from nil

rainfall in January to 137 mm in October. October is the wettest month of the year. The mean

seasonal rainfall distribution is 402.4 mm in southwest monsoon (June-September), 239.1

mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),2.4 mm rainfall in Winter (Jan-Feb) and 65.7 mm in

summer (March – May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 56.7% in

southwest monsoon, 33.7 % in northeast monsoon, 0.34% in winter and 9.3 % in summer.

3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA Districta) Flora & FaunaFlora & Fauna of the study area is provided in section 3.11. Lankamalleswara wild life

sanctuary is located 11Km away from the project site. The vegetation in the sanctuary

consists of dry deciduous mixed forest with patches of moist deciduous forests in the valleys.

The area has about 1,500 vascular plant species belonging to 174 families, of which many

are endemic.Some of the rare and endemic plant species

like redsanders, Shorea talura, Shorea thumburggaia, Terminaliapallida, sandalwood, Cycas

beddomei,Syzygiumalternifolium, Psilotum nudum occur in this region.

About 178 species of birds from this sanctuary have been identified. The globally

threatened yellow-throated bulbul is seen here. Grey-fronted green pigeon, a bird of

theHimalayas and the Western Ghats is quite common in these forests. The critically

endangered Oriental white-backed vulture is found in the national park. Some of the other



Page 54

birds found here are:large hawk-cuckoo, blue-faced malkoha, yellow-browed bulbul, Indian

scimitar-babbler and Loten's sunbird.Flora and fauna of PIA are discussed in section 3.11.

b) Forest ResourcesThe total forest area in the district is 5,05,495 hectares which constitute 32.87% of the total

geographical area of the district. Among the forest produces 'prerocarpus santallinus'

otherwise known as Red Sandals is the foremost product. District is having export potential

and it needs to be explored for commercial exploitation. Softwood is also available for the

manufacture of wooden combs and toys. The other forest produces available are timber, fuel,

wood and bamboos. The minor forest produce consists of Beedi leaves, Thangedu and

Relabarks, Tooki leaves, Nux-Vonica seed, soap nuts etc.The forest wealth has helped to

establish many number of saw mills, wooden furniture manufacturing and bamboo basket

making industries in the district. There is scope for starting artist products based on Red

Sandar and soft wood besides some more industries based on minor products.

c) IrrigationThe important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in

NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are

intermittent in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and

parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control. About

21,758 ha area is irrigated by canals while 4,168 ha. and 1,29,983 ha. are irrigated

throughdug wells and bore wells respectively. It has ground water resources of 1.05 lakh

ham.

Irrigation in the district is through major, medium and minor irrigation projects. There are 4

major, 5 medium irrigation projects in the district. The major irrigation projects are 1)

Kurnool- canal 2) TBPHLC Stage-I, 3) TBP HLC Stage-II (Mylavaram) and 4) Pulivendula

Branch canal with a total ayacut of 2,27,896 acres. The five medium irrigation projects are 1)

Lower Sagilru Project 2) Upper SagileruProject 3) Pincha Project 4) Buggavanka Project and

5) Annamayya Project with a total ayacut of 55,625acres. The area irrigated during the year

2010-11 through these canals is 27,305 Ha., and through ground water is 1,22,781

Ha.,Irrigation from the other sources (1,125 ha.) and through tanks 8,042 Ha.

d) Agricultural ResourcesIn PIA Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district. Paddy is the main

crops cultivated in the district. Table 3-2indicates the major crops grown in the Kadapa

district.

Major Field Crops cultivated: Paddy, Groundnut, Red gram, Cotton, Bengal grametc.



Page 55

Horticulture crops:Turmeric, Onion,Sunflower, Chillies, Coriander,sugarcane,

Vegetables and Chrysanthemum etc.‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special

crops. They are cultivated near river bed.

Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the DistrictCrops Area (Ha) Out-turn (tons)

Paddy/Rice 53,896 1,58,660

Jowar 13,154 5,941

Bengal Gram 90,366 74,913

Red Gram (Tuar) 9,079 2,270

Sunflower 62,079 39,749

Groundnut 57,057 60,517

Cotton 28,819 48,314

Mangoes 19,212 1,11,583

(Source: Dept.of Agriculture 2011-12)

e) Poultry and LivestockThe total poultry population in the district is 15, 68, 961. There is significant progress in

respect of poultry development. A number of private poultry farms are functioning in the

district and there is tremendous development in respect of Eggs production in the district.

The poultry centers are not only meeting the requirements of the people of the district and

also eggs are being exported to the other places like Mumbai, Chennai etc. The District is

rich in Bonie population with 15.97 lakh animals, cattle account for 2.90 lakhs while Buffaloes

account for 4.16 lakhs &, sheep and goats are of the order of 4.87 lakhs and 3.83 lakhs

respectively. Similarly, the poultry population in the district is 15.68 lakhs. One of the major

milk based project at Proddatur besides two milk chilling centres one at Rajampet and the

other at Pulivendula have come up in the district. Livestock population of Kadapa District is

presented in Table 3-3.

Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa DistrictS. No Item Population (Lakhs)

1999 2003 2007 20121. Cattle 106.02 94.24 112.23 95.96

2. Buffaloes 96.58 107.68 132.72 106.23

3. Sheep 97.43 210.15 255.39 263.96

4. Goat 52.13 64.27 96.26 90.71

5. Total Bovines 202.60 201.92 244.95 202.19

6. Poultry 633.96 1005.80 1239.85 1613.34



Page 56

(Source Dept. of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Andhra Pradesh)

f) Mineral ResourcesThe District is rich in Minerals value. The high-grade asbestos of Chrysotile variety, Berytis

and Lime Stone suitable for manufacture of cement are present in the district in large

quantities. It also possesses important deposits of white clay, small deposits of small iron

ore, ochre and steatite and abounds in construction material. There are old workings for

diamond and Lead in the district. The Major Minerals in the District are Berytis, Lime Stone

and Asbestos. Apart from Major Minerals, Minor Minerals are Napa Slabs, Road Metal,

Building Stone, Marble, Mosaic Chips and Rehmatti are also in the District. Mineral map of

Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure3-3 and Production of Minerals is represented in the Table3-4..

Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12S.No. Name Of Mineral Production in Tones (2011-2012)Major Mineral1. Barites’ 7,58,786 M.T2 Iron ore 5,15,349 MT3 White clay 41,422 M.T4 Quartz 41,422 M.T5 Dolomite 25,412 M.T6 Lime stone ( c grade) 96,83,300 M.T7 Feldspar 10,200 M.T8 Asbestos 274 M.T9 Yellow oak red 87,935 M.TMinor Mineral1 Sand 80,000 C.M.T2. Napa slabs 6,25,844 Sq.mtr.3. Mosaic chips 2,450 M.T4. Gravel 4,500 MT



Page 57

Source:- Statistical Abstract, Govt of AP, 2011

Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh

3.6.4 Land Use & Land CoverThe total geographical area of the district is 15354.7 Sq.km of this 36.50% is agriculture area

while 32.11% is forest area. The rest is distributed among "Barren, uncultivable land, Built-

up, Waste land and Water bodies" about 25.13% and "Land on fallow" is about 6.26%. Out of

these areas, the built-up area is1.48%, Industry & Mining area is 0.63%, Waste land is

32.49% and water bodies covered 5.75% as per May 2014.Details of land use/land cover for

the Kadapa district are given inTable 3-5.Land Use of Kadapa District is given inFigure 3-4.

Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statisticsS.No Main Category Sub Category Area in

Sq.kmArea in

%1 Built-up Urban 77.5 0.51

Rural 149.0 0.97

2 Built- Industry 28.6 0.19

Project Site



Page 58

S.No Main Category Sub Category Area inSq.km

Area in%

up/Industries/Mine Mining/Quarry 68.2 0.44

3 Aquaculture - 0.0 0.0

4 Fallow - 961.1 6.26

5Agriculture

Land crop 5347.3 34.82

Plantation 257.6 1.68

6 Forest

Deciduous Forest 3393.9 22.10

Evergreen Forest 0.0 0.0

Mangrove Forest 0.0 0.0

Forest Plantation 10.1 0.07

Scrub Forest 1366.7 8.90

Tree Clad Area 159.5 1.04

Grass land 0.0 0.0

Shifting

Cultivation

0.0 0.0

7 Waste Lands

Barren Rocky 261.5 1.70

Gullied/Ravinous

Land

10.4 0.07

Salt Affected

Land

32.4 0.21

Sandy Area 1.2 0.01

Scrub Land 2346.7 15.28

8 Water Bodies

Canal/Drain 33.1 0.22

Reservoir/Tanks 527.0 3.43

River/Stream 323.1 2.10

Lakes/Ponds 0.0 0.0

9 WetlandsInland Wetlands 0.0 0.0

Coastal Wetlands 0.0 0.0

Total 15354.7 100



Page 59

Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district

a) Land Use Pattern of the Study AreaLand Use Pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-5. Land Use/Land Cover statistics of

10Km radius of the study area is given in Table 3-6. LULC map of the study area is given in

Figure3-6.Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area

S.No Land use Area inSq.Km

Area inAcres

Area inHa

Area inpercentage

1. Crop Land 354.07 87492.60 35407 65.18

Projec Site



Page 60

Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

2. Fallow Land 54.7 13516.66 5470 10.07

3. Water body 43.56 10763.91 4356 8.02

4. Built-up Land

(Urban/rural)

24.07 5947.82 2407 4.43

5. Land with Scrub 20.16 4981.64 2016 3.71

6. Scrub Forest 18.89 4667.82 1889 3.48

7. Deciduous Forest 14.36 3548.43 1436 2.64

8. Plantation 6.17 1524.64 617 1.13

9. Mining & others 4.4 1087.26 440 0.81

10. Salt Affected area 1.19 294.05 119 0.22

11. Forest Plantation 0.95 234.75 95 0.18

12. Barren Land / Rocky

Land

0.75 185.32 75 0.14

Total 543.27 134244.9 54327 100


Page 61

. Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area



Page 62

As per the land use map, major part of the project site is covered by fallow land and some

part by crop land

3.6.5 TopographyY.S.R. District is also considered to be one of the district endowed withrich history are

minerals Flora & Fauna. Hyder Ali, Tippu Sulthan,Sivaji, Krishnadevaraya and Pratapa Rudra

are some of the namesassociated with the History of tract. The district is blessed with a

series ofbeautiful valleys through which Papagni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Penna, Cheyyeru

Rivers flow. The river Penna is the most important riverflowing right through the District and

its story is incorporated in asasanam (inscription) at Gandikota. The Seshachalam range of

hillspasses through this district and is crowned ultimately with the holy shrineof Tirumala in

Chittoor District. Thus Y.S.R. District tract is associatedwith such holy rivers and hills have

been considered a holy land. Contour map of study area is given inFigure 3-7. Physical map

of Andhra Pradesh State is given inFigure 3-8. Digital Elevation Model of Atudy area is given

in Figure 3-9. As per the Model the elevation of project site is 140-170m along the south side

and along the northern most part it is 110-140 m

Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area



Page 63

Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh

Project Site



Page 64

Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area

3.6.6 Geology of PIA DistrictThe YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types belong to Late Archaean or

Early Proterozoic era which are succeeded by rocks of Dharwarian Age and both are

traversed by dolerite dykes. The older rocks are overlain by rocks of Cuddapah Super group

and Kurnool Group belonging to Middle and Upper Proterozoic Age. The Cuddapah

Sedimentary Basin, which is a huge depression formed over the denuded surfaces of older

rocks extending into neighbouring districts occupies the major part of the district. The major

rock types are quartzites, shales, limestones, phyllites, granites, granodiorites and granite

gneiss. The Archaean comprises the Peninsular Gneissic Complex, represented by granite,

granodiorite, granite-gneiss and migmatite. These rock types occur in the southwestern part

of the district. Both the Archaean and Dharwar are traversed by dolerite dykes and quartz

reefs. Alluvium consisting of gravel, sand, silt and clay occur along the river courses in the

district.Geology map of the Study area is given in Figure 3-10.



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Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study AreaGeologically the study area (10 km radius) comprises of the following rock types.

Bairenkonda Quartzite, Banaganapalle Quartzine Conglamorate, Gulcheru

Quartzites,Koilakuntla Limestone, Koilkuntla / Karji Limestone, Nandyal Pink Shale, Nandyal

Shales; Narji-Flaggy Limestone, Pulivendla Quartzites, Sand / Silt, Shale with Phyllites,

Vempalli Limestone.

The project site shale is located in Nandyal Shales.

3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA DistrictGeomorphologically, YSR District (Kadapa) has been classified into three units based on

relief, slopefactor and soil. The three groups are (i) Structural land forms (ii) Denudational

land forms and (iii) fluvial land forms.

i) The structural landforms: These include structural hills, structural valleys,

cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee, linear ridges, intermontane valleys etc. These

landforms occupy in considerable partand are mostly developed in eastern

part. The structural hills, cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee are generallynot suitable for

ground water development. The structural valleys and intermontane valleys

aregenerally suitable for ground water development with good recharge.

ii) Denudational land forms: These include pediplain, pediment- inselberg

complex. Piedmont zoneand residual hills. The ground water prospects are



Page 66

limited in shallow weathered pedipline andpediment inselberg complex, where

as ground water prospects are moderate in moderatelyweathered pediplain.

iii) Fluvial land forms: These include alluvial plains along major rivers and

Bazada zones. Flood plainsform highly productive zones, while Bazada forms

along foot hills and form shallow aquifers withgood yields.

3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA DistrictThe YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types of different age groups ranging

fromArchaean to Recent. These rocks consists mostly granite gneisses, migmatites and

generally lack primary porosity. However, development of secondary porosity through

weathering and fracturing gives scope for occurrence of ground water. Ground water occurs

under unconfined conditions in weathered portion and under semi-confined conditions in

joints and fractures. The ground water in weathered zone is developed by large diameter (6

m) dug wells and dug-cum-bore wells. The thickness of the weathered zone is generally

upto 10 m in most of the area. During the rainy season, these wells sustain pumping around

4 hrs. in a day in two spells and yields 20 to 60 cu.m/day in rainy season. However, during

the Rabi season, most of the wells are likely to yield less i.e., 5 to 20 cu.m/day and in drought

years, likely to be dried up.

The ground water in fractured portion is developed through construction of shallow/deep bore

wells. Central Ground Water Board has carried out ground water exploration at the locations

from depth ranging 107.20 to 200 m bgl. The drilling data reveals that fracture zones were

encountered at various depths ranging from 8.00 to 145.80 m bgl. However, generally, the

potential fractures were encountered between 20 and 100 m bgl. The cumulative yield of

fracture zones varies from 0.1 to 4.9 lps. However, general yield of bore wells was found to

be between 1 to 3 lps sometimes even more depending upon the fractured zone

encountered in the bore well. Hydrogeology map of PIA district is given inFigure 3-11.

As per the Hydrogeology map, the yield potential at the project site is from 2-6 lps.



Page 67

Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study areaThe important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in

NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are

imtermittant in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and

parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control.

Surface water plays a major role in irrigation when compared to the ground water source.

The project site is located among number of streams. There is a major river Pennar within 10

km of the project site. However, a Pirchipadu Vanka is in north side of project boundary.

The drainage of the study area is mostly controlled by the structural features. Among the

different drainage pattern the noteworthy are sub-parallel. Streams flowing in the low lying

tracts have been bounded on one side and serve as storagetanks for collection of rain water.

The rivers and streams are forms part of the major recharge system. Important water bodies

within 10 Km radius are Madhimadugu Vanka, Pirchipadu Vanka, Kamalapuram Lake and

ProjectSite



Page 68

Penna River. There is a Papagni river mid of site along the north east & south west direction.

Drainage map of the study area is given in Figure 3-12.

Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area1) Penneru River - North – 9 km

2) Pirchipadu Vanka- North west – 2 Km

3) Maddimadugu Vanka- East – 1.5 Km

4) Chinnagadi Vanka- East – 5 Km

3.6.10 Soils in PIA DistrictKadapa district is endowed mainly with red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from poor

to medium.Soil Map of Kadapa District is given in Figure 3-13 and of study area is given in

Figure 3-14.

Red Soilsoccupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty, Rajampet, Pulivendla and

Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status.

Black soilscomprise of 45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally

associated with clay content. They are located in Muddanur, Jammalamadugu, Proddatur,

Mydukur, Pulivendla and Kamalapuram divisions.

The remaining 1 % area is occupied by problematic soils. The extents under different soil

type are given below:

1. Red soils: 218, 812 ha (54%)



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2. Black soils: 182, 344 ha (45%)

3. Problematic soils: 4, 053 ha (1%)

Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District

Project Site



Page 70

Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area

As per the map, the soils in the study area are classified into 7 types. The soil map of the

study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning,

Nagpur.The soil type of the study area is of following types.

1-Deep calcarious black soils

2-Red calcarious gravelly clay soils

3-Red calyey soils

4-Red shale Calcarious gravelly loamy soil

5-Red shale, Gravelly loam Soils

6-Red shall gravelly clay soils

7-Rock lands

Red clayey soils occupy 40 % of the study area. The Project site lies in the same soil.

3.6.11 Physiography of Study AreaThe district has an irregular landscape with a number of hill ranges and hills with intervening

valleys and high lands. The highest elevation is 1108 m amsl. The important hill ranges are

Velikonda, Nallamalais, Yerramalai, Palakonda and Lankamalai are trending in NW-SE or E-

W direction.

The general elevation of the study area ranges from 130 m to 160 m above MSL. The

elevation contour indicates the area is sloping towards south. Relatively higher elevation is



Page 71

observed in the south western side of the project site. Isolated hill of relatively higher altitude

are noticed in the study area of 10km radius. A linear Ridge is observed in the northern side

of the study area at distance of 4.5 km. The project site has a elevation variation of 13-150 m

on the northern part and 140-170m on the southern part. The slope moves South West to

North East direction. Physiography Map of Study area is given Figure 3-15..

Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal ErosionKadapa is facing the brunt of moderate to high damage risk floods. Floods are associated

with cloud bursts, cyclones or depressions in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. As per

India wind and cyclone hazard map Kadapa district is falling under Moderate damage risk

zone. India wind and cyclone hazard Map is given in Figure 3-16.



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Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India3.6.13 SeismicityAs per the IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002 of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the project

location/study area falls in Zone II, which is categorised as a Low risk zone. The seismicity

map of India is shown in Figure 3-17.

Project Site



Page 73

Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India

3.7 Air EnvironmentBaseline ambient air quality assessment gives the status in the vicinity of site and is an

indispensable part of environmental impact assessment studies. Significant changes, in

predominant winds and weather conditions are observed in winter, summer and post-

monsoon seasons apart from the local topographic influences. The baseline status of air

environment in the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance

programme.

Project Site



Page 74

3.7.1 Meteorological ConditionsThe regional air quality is influenced by the meteorology of that region. The principal weather

parameters that influence the concentration of the air pollutants in the surroundings are wind

speed, wind direction and temperature. The meteorological data is useful for proper

interpretation of the baseline data. It is used as input for air quality dispersion models for

predicting the post project environmental scenario i.e. ground level concentrations due to

proposed utilities like boiler & DG sets, etc.

3.7.2 Meteorological Data CollectionAvailable secondary data pertaining to the meteorological parameters was obtained from the

IMD Climatalogical tables. In addition, baseline meteorological data (primary data) was

generated during the Post-monsoon Season (Sep to Nov 2016). The methodology adopted

for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of

Indian Standards (BIS) i.e. IS:8829 and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD DataThe nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is

Tirupati. The Climatological data for Tirupati (13 04’ N and 79o 23’ E), published by the IMD,

based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in

the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly variations

of the relevant meteorological parameters are reproduced inTable 3-7.

Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000)

Month

Temp (oC)Rainfall

(mm)

RelativeHumidity

(%)

Station LevelPressure

hPaMeanWind

Speed(m/s)

PredominantWind Directions

(From)*Dail

yMax.

Daily

Min.Total

No.of

days08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30

Jan 29.9 18.7 17.9 0.9 78 54 20.9 19.9 2.5 SW NE

Feb 32.8 20.1 17.8 0,9 73 45 22.0 19.4 2.5 SW NE

Mar 36.7 22.6 2.2 0.4 68 37 24.4 19.4 2.7 SW NE

Apr 39.3 26.2 12.9 0.9 64 36 27.7 21.5 3.0 SW S

May 40.3 27.9 44.7 2.4 58 38 27.0 22.6 2.8 SW E

Jun 37.8 27.2 76.1 4.6 58 45 25.6 24.2 2.8 SW W

Jul 35.7 25.9 127.1 8.6 66 51 26.3 25.1 2.3 SW W

Aug 34.8 25.5 137.4 8.1 68 53 26.3 25.6 2.3 SW W

Sep 34.8 25.1 139.5 7.0 71 57 27.0 26.0 1.9 SW NW

Oct 32.7 23.5 152.2 7.4 76 64 27.0 26.0 2.0 SW NE

Nov 30.1 21.7 260.2 9.7 79 68 25.1 24.7 2.6 NE NE



Page 75

Month

Temp (oC)Rainfall

(mm)

RelativeHumidity

(%)

Station LevelPressure

hPaMeanWind

Speed(m/s)

PredominantWind Directions

(From)*Dail

yMax.

Daily

Min.Total

No.of

days08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30

Dec 28.9 19.9 146.0 5.7 80 65 22.6 22.3 2.9 NE NE

Max. 40.3 27.9 2.2 0.4 80 68 27.7 19.4

Min. 28.9 18.7 260.2 8.6 58 36 20.9 26.0

Avg. 34.5 23.7 1133.9 56.6 70 51 25.1 23.0 2.5

As per the above Climatological table the observations drawn for the study period are the

following. Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)

are given in Figure 3-18.

Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily

minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September

and November respectively

Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in

the months of September to November respectively

Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded in

the months of September and November respectively

Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm

Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s

and 1.9 m/s.

Predominant wind direction is SW.



Page 76

Summer –(March-May) Monsoon –(June-September)

Post Monsoon-(October –December) Winter –(January-February)

Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000)

3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study PeriodMeteorological scenario in and around the project site is an essential requirement during

study period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. Site-specific

meteorological data was collected during the study period post monsoon season, 2016

(September – November 2016 three months). Automatic weather station was installed at

project site to record the meteorological parameters during the study period. Meteorological



Page 77

parameters recorded include temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, solar

radiation and rainfall. The location is chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of

wind and sunlight. The hourly meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature

and solar radiation were recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on

eight hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind

rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16 hrs, 16-24 hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as

shown in subsequent sections. The overall wind pattern recorded for 01.00 – 24.00 hours

during the study period is given in Figure 3-19.

September 2016 October 2016

November 2016

Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16)

a) Atmospheric InversionAtmospheric inversion level at the project site was monitored; the results observed at the site

during the study period are as follows



Page 78

Average atmospheric temperature : 27.9ºC

Average Relative humidity : 75%

Average Wind speed : 2.1 m/s

The daily inversion level calculated based on the average temperature and average wind

speed at the project site and the maximum inversion height is derived by the graph plotted

based on the average temperature and average wind speed. The daily inversion level at the

project site varies from 0 to 1250m during 6 AM to 5 PM, the maximum recorded at 5 PM.

This is shown inFigure 3-20.

Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights

b) Observations during Study PeriodThe meteorological data collected during monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline

status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modelling

studies. Meteorology data for the Study Period (September – November, 2016) is given in

Table 3-8.

Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016)S. No Parameter Observation

1. Temperature Min. Temperature : 21.70C

Max. Temperature : 34.80C

Avg. Temperature : 27.9 0C

2. Relative Humidity Range 57 to 79%

3. Average Wind Speed 2.1 m/s

4. Predominant Wind Direction NE

Source: IMD observatory data (1970-2000)3.7.5 Ambient Air QualityThe selection criteria for monitoring locations are based on the following:

Topography/Terrain

Meteorological conditions



Page 79

Residential and sensitive areas within the study area

Representatives of regional background air quality/pollution levels and

Representation of likely impacted areas

3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring StationsTo evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, Eight (08) monitoring locations have

been identified by considering annual wind pattern. Annual Wind blows from South West to

North East. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-21and the details of

the locations are given in Table 3-9.

Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring LocationsStationCode

Location Type ofWind

Lat longs Distance(km) fromProjectboundary

AzimuthDirections

A1 Project Site - 14°30'28.25"N,78°44'17.68"E

-- Within Site

A2 Thollaganganapalle d/w 14°32'0.68"N,78°45'36.77"E

2.56 NE

A3 Ambavaram c/w 14°31'9.95"N,78°43'27.48"E

1.16 NW

A4 Baligi palli c/w 14°25'32.79"N,78°50'14.18"E

8.83 SE

A5 Putha chinnayapalle c/w 14°34'9.15"N,78°43'17.98"E

5.87 N

A6 Rampathadu u/w 14°27'5.50"N,78°39'39.76"E

4.2 SW

A7 Vellatur c/w 14°31'22.79"N,78°38'44.38"E

7.16 W

A8 Paidikalva c/w 14°31'22.84"N,78°38'48.21"E

9.36 NNW


Page 80

Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations



Page 81

3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and FrequencyAmbient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season (shall cover 12

weeks), i.e. during Post Monsoon season (September to November, 2016).

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, NH3, C6H6, C20H12, As, Ni were monitored on 24 hourly basis and

O3 and CO were monitored on eight hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring guidelines at each location. Analytical methods

used for analysis of parameters are given in Table 3-10

Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality ParametersS.No Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009 Sampling

Time

1.Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), μg/m3

IS:5182(Part-2):2001

(Reaff:2006)

50 (Annual) 80

(24 Hours)

24 Hours

2.Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2), μg/m3

IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 2006 40 (Annual) 80

(24 Hours)

24 Hours

3.Particulate Matter

(PM2.5), μg/m3

IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 2006 40 (Annual) 60

(24 hours)

24 Hours

4.Particulate Matter

(PM10), μg/m3

IS:5182 (Part– 23): 2006 60 (Annual) 100

(24 hours)

24 Hours

5.CO μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–10):1999

(Reaff:2006)

2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 8 Hours

6.Pb μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004

(Reaff:2006)

0.5(Annual) 1(24 hours) 24 Hours

7. O3, μg/m3 IS: 5182 (Part – 9): 1974 100(8hours) 180 (1hour) 8 Hours

8.

NH3, μg/m3 APHA(air) 2nd edition

(Indophenol-blue

method)

100(Annual) 400

(24 hours)

24 Hours

9.Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–11):1999

(RA:2009)

5 (Annual) 5 (Annual) 24 Hours

10.Benzo (a) pyrene,

ng/m3

IS:5182(Part–

12):2004(RA:2009)

1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 24 Hours

11. Arsenic, ng/ m3 APHA (air) 2nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 24 Hours

3.7.8 Results and DiscussionsThe variations of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As &

Ni are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), MoEF&CC

Notification, November, 2009. Ambient Air Quality monitoring data (September to November,



Page 82

2016) for the study area is given in Table 3-11and graphically presented, trend of measured

Ambient Concentrations in the Study Area is given from Table 3-12 to Table 3-17 and

Figure 3-22 to 3-27.


Page 83

Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants

S.No Location NameSO2

(µg/m3)NO2

(µg/m3)PM2.5

(µg/m3

PM10

(µg/m3

Pb(µg/m3)

CO(mg/m3)

O3

(µg/m3)NH3

(µg/m3)Benzen(µg/m3)

Benzo(a)

pyrene(ng/m3)

Arsenic(As)

(ng/m3)

Nickel(Ni)

(ng/m3)

1. Project Site 13.20 27.99 27.29 58.22 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.015 11.60 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

2. Thollaganganapalle 12.38 27.16 25.19 54.35 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.011 10.60 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

3. Ambavaram 14.03 28.81 25.19 56.38 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.014 11.00 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

4. Baligi palli 15.68 26.34 26.43 55.26 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.013 12.00 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

5. Putha chinnayapalle 11.55 24.70 25.19 52.07 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.012 12.60 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

6. Rampathadu 12.38 23.05 22.10 51.34 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.009 10.20 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

7. Vellatur 15.68 27.16 24.08 50.15 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.016 11.20 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

8. Paidikalva 15.68 25.52 26.30 53.24 BDL

(DL 0.05)

0.012 10.80 BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 5)

Note: BDL (Below detectable limit), DL (Detectable limit



Page 84

Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data

S.No Location NamePM10Concentration µg/m³

Minimum µg/m3 Maximum,µg/m3

Average,µg/m3

98thPercentile

1. Project Site 51.2 66.4 58.27 65.57

2. Thollaganganapalle 50.2 62.1 54.35 61.78

3. Ambavaram 45.3 63.6 56.39 63.14

4. Baligi palli 51.2 60.8 55.26 60.52

5.Putha

chinnayapalle 46.5 60.3 51.6 60.25

6. Rampathadu 41.2 58.9 51.35 58.9

7. Vellatur 46.5 53.3 50.11 53.25

8. Paidikalva 45.3 67.8 53.22 67.2

Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data

S.No LocationPM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3

Minimumµg/m3

Maximum,µg/m3

Average,µg/m3

98th

Percentile

1 Project Site 17.10 31.60 27.29 31.42

2 Thollaganganapalle 21.60 30.00 25.19 29.82



Page 85

3 Ambavaram 20.80 30.20 25.19 30.11

4 Baligi palli 24.10 30.20 26.43 29.92

5Putha

chinnayapalle 18.60 32.2025.19

31.19

6 Rampathadu 17.10 24.80 22.10 24.71

7 Vellatur 18.20 30.20 24.08 29.46

8 Paidikalva 21.30 30.20 26.30 29.74

Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data

S.No LocationSO2 Concentration, µg/m3

Minimumµg/m3

Maximum,µg/m3

Average,µg/m3

98thPercentile

1 Project Site 9.9 16.8 13.27 16.34


3 Ambavaram 9.02 16.8 13.98 16.75

4 Baligi palli 10.3 18.7 15.67 18.65

5Putha

chinnayapalle 8.4 14.7 11.45 14.65

6 Rampathadu 7.4 18.6 12.31 18.14

7 Vellatur 13.2 18.8 15.64 18.71

8 Paidikalva 10.3 22.4 15.68 22.35



Page 86

Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data

S.No Location

NO2 Concentration, µg/m3

Minimumµg/m3

Maximumµg/m3

Averageµg/m3

98th

Percentile

1 Project Site 16.5 34.3 27.76 33.99


3 Ambavaram 24.1 33.4 28.9 33.31

4 Baligi palli 22.2 30.5 26.35 30.45

5 Putha chinnayapalle 19.6 32.2 24.7 32.15

6 Rampathadu 18.4 26.8 23.03 26.2

7 Vellatur 23.9 33.5 27.14 32.86

8 Paidikalva 18.3 33.5 25.52 32.86



Page 87

Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data

S.No Location

CO Concentration, mg/m3

Minimummg/m3

Maximummg/m3

Averagemg/m3

98th

Percentile

1 Project Site 0.005 0.018 0.015 0.018


3 Ambavaram 0.008 0.019 0.014 0.019

4 Baligi palli 0.001 0.019 0.013 0.019


6 Rampathadu 0.001 0.018 0.009 0.017

7 Vellatur 0.003 0.1 0.016 0.08

8 Paidikalva 0.001 0.018 0.012 0.018



Page 88

Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data

S.No Location

O3 Concentration, μg/m3

Minimumμg/m3

Maximumμg/m3

Averageμg/m3

98th

Percentile

1 Project Site 8.4 14.7 11.58 14.65

2 Thollaganganapalle 8.4 13 10.62 13.05

3 Ambavaram 9.2 15.8 11.03 15.34

4 Baligi palli 9.2 15.8 12.01 15.57


6 Rampathadu 8.6 14 10.31 13.08

7 Vellatur 9.2 14.7 11.2 13.92

8 Paidikalva 7.4 16.8 10.95 16.8



Page 89

Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area

3.7.9 ObservationsMaximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni

are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and

Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.

3.8 Noise EnvironmentThe prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of

all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient

noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities.

Ambient noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at eight (08)locations in and around 10Km distance from project area during September to November,

2016 using precision noise level meter. The noise monitoring locations in the study area

were selected after giving due consideration to the various land use categories. The land use

categories include commercial, residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were

recorded on an hourly basis for one complete day at each location using pre- calibrated

noise levels. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-28



Page 90

Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations

3.8.1 Results and DiscussionsBased on the recorded hourly noise levels at each monitoring location, the day equivalent

(Ld) and night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;

Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours.

Ln: Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours.

The Day-Night (Ldn) equivalent noise levels were calculated using the US Environmental

Protection Agency formula:

Ldn = 10 Log [0.0416 {16 (10Ld/10) + 8 (10Ln+10/10)}]The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with

the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in

the Table 3-18

Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise LevelsS.No

LocationLocation

CodeDistance(km) from

AzimuthDirection

Noise levelin dB(A) Leq

CPCBStandard

Environmental Setting



Page 91

Projectboundary

Day NightLday

(Ld)LNight

(Ln)

1. Project Site N1 --Within

Site75 68 75 70

Industrial

2.Thollagangan

apalleN2 2.3 N 66 54 65 55

Commercial

3. Ambavaram N3 1.1 SE 56 47 55 45 Residential

4. Baligi palli N4 8.8 S 64 57 65 55 Commercial

5.Putha

chinnayapalleN5 5.6 N 68 57 65 55

Commercial

6. Rampathadu N6 4.2 NW 54 48 55 45 Residential

7. Vellatur N7 7.1 NW 59 44 55 45 Residential

8. Paidikalva N8 9.3 NE 78 73 75 70 Industrial

3.8.2 ObservationsIt is observed that the day equivalent and night equivalent noise levels at all locations are

within prescribed CPCB standards

Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)

Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A).

The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels were

slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones noise levels are slightly

exceeded the limit prescribed by MoEF&CC.

3.9 Water Environment3.9.1 Surface Water ResourcesThe YSR District (Kadapa) is drained by Pennar river and its chief tributaries are

cheyyair,Papaghni, Chitravati, Sagileru and Kunderu. Pincha and Mandavi are minor

streams. About 21,758 ha area is irrigated by the representative surface water sampling

locations have been chosen. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to ascertain the

location of water bodies viz streams, rivers, lakes etc. The sampling stations were chosen

based on the existing pollution sources near these water bodies and threat of pollution in the

future. The region receives rainfall predominantly during monsoon season with an average

annual rainfall of about 675 mm per year. The List of major water bodies nearby project site

is given inTable 3-19Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius

S.No Name of the Water bodies Distance Direction1 Lake Near Ambavaram

village

2.32 NW



Page 92

2 LakeNear Viswanathapuram

Village

6.86 ESE

3 Lake Near Cherlopalle Village 3.93 SE

4 Lake Near Utukur Village 4.09 ESE

5 Devuni Kadapa Lake 6.21 E

6 Lake Near

Thollaganganapalle Village

0.36 E

7 Lake Near Kumaraumipalle

Village

9.37 NW

8 Lake Near Lebaka village 5.05 NW

9 Lake Near Kopprthy 0.61 -

10 Lake Near Vallur 4.64 N

11 Lake Near Kamaparthy 8.29 NE

12 Lake Near Chinnakampalle 9.75 SSE

13 Lake Near Jamalpalle 8.21 SE

14 Lake Near Rayalapanthupalle 1.76 SE

15 Lake Near Nagireddypalle 9.60 SE

3.9.1.1. Surface Water Quality AssessmentTo establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling

locations for surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have been

selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate survey of

the project area. Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters is given in

Table 3-20.

Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters

S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

1 pH (at 25°C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)

2 Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)

3 Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

4 Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

5 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009)

6 Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) 1991

7 Chloride as Cl IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009)

8 Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006)

9 Aluminium as Al IS:3025 (Part - 55) 2003 (Reaff 2009)



Page 93

S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

10 Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009)

11 Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009)

12 Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009)

13 Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006)

14 Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

15 Chemical oxygen demand as O2 IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006

16 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009)

17 Salinity -

18 Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009)

19 BOD,5 days @200C as O2 5210B APHA22nd Edn 2012

20 Total coliform bacteria (MPN/100ml) IS:1622 1981 (Reaff: 2009)

21 F-Coli IS:1622, 1981 (Reaff: 2009)

The prevailing status of water quality at eight sampling locations for ground water and 4

sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November

2016 are presented in Table 3-21. Surface water quality results are provided in Table 3-22.

A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29.

Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations

S.No Name of the Water bodyDistance from

Project Boundary

Direction fromproject

boundary1 Near Ambavaram Lake 2.32 NW

2 Near Viswanathapuram Lake 6.86 ESE

3 Near Cherlopalle lake 3.93 SE

4 Near Utukur lake 4.09 ESE


Page 94

Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations



Page 95

Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results

S.No

Parameters Units SW1AmbavaramLake

SW2ViswanathapuramLake

SW3Cherlopalle lake

SW4Utukurlake

IS 10500(2012):DrinkingWaterAcceptable limit

1 Source Lake Lake Lake Lake -

2 Color Hazen BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) 5

3 pH - 8.07 8.04 8.11 8.13 6.5-8.5

4 Turbidity NTU 7 BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)14 1

5 Conductivity µS/cm 344 218 318 310 -

6 Total Dissolved

Solids

mg/l 217 132 215 212 500

7 Total. Alkalinity mg/l 140 52 98 100 200

8 Total Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 108 48 100 40 200

9 Calcium mg/l 22.4 7.2 23.2 21.7 75

10 Magnesium mg/l 12.5 4.3 10.1 4.3 30

11 Sodium mg/l 34.0 33.0 45.0 25.0 -

12 Potassium mg/l 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 -

13 Chlorides mg/l 19.0 18.1 21.9 18.5 250

14 Sulphates mg/l 8.1 27.1 27.1 12.6 200

15 Carbonate mg/l - - - - -

16 Bicarbonate mg/l 170.8 63.44 119.56 122 -

17 Nitrates mg/l 3.66 1.84 1.24 2.02 45

18 Fluoride mg/l 0.88 0.57 0.38 BDL

(DL0.05)1.0

19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1

)

BDL(DL1

)

BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) 0.05

20 Phosphate mg/l 0.04 BDL (DL

0.02)

BDL (DL

0.02)

BDL

(DL0.02)-

30 Cyanide mg/l BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)0.05



Page 96

S.No



SW3Cherlopalle lake

SW4Utukurlake


21 Silica mg/l BDL(DL0

.04)

BDL(DL0

.04)

BDL(DL0.

04)

BDL(DL0.

04)-

22 % Sodium % 40.0 64.3 49.1 42.5 -

23 Residual

Sodium

Carbonate

(RSC)

meq/l 0.64 0.32 -0.04 0.56 -

25 Oil & Grease mg/l BDL(DL

4.0)

BDL(DL

4.0)

BDL(DL

4.0)

BDL(DL

4.0)-

26 Dissolved

oxygen

mg/l 6.2 5.8 6.1 6 -

27 COD mg/l 6.0 3.5 2.0 7.4 -

28 BOD mg/l 2.0 2.0 BDL ( DL

1.0)3.5 -

29 Arsenic mg/l BDL

(

DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005

)

BDL

(

DL0.005)

BDL

(

DL0.005)

0.01

31 Cadmium BDL(

DL0.01)

BDL(

DL0.01)

BDL(

DL0.01)

BDL(

DL0.01)0.003

32 Chromium mg/l BDL

( DL

0.05)

BDL

( DL

0.05)

BDL

( DL

0.05)

BDL

( DL

0.05)

0.05

33 Copper mg/l 0.011 0.01 0.01 0.014 0.05

34 Iron mg/l 0.48 0.22 0.24 1.43 0.3

35 Lead mg/l BDL( DL

0.1)

BDL( DL

0.1)

BDL( DL

0.1)

BDL( DL

0.1)0.01

36 Manganese mg/l BDL

( DL

0.05)

BDL

( DL

0.05)

BDL

( DL 0.05)

BDL

( DL 0.05)0.1

37 Mercury mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001



Page 97

S.No



SW3Cherlopalle lake

SW4Utukurlake


( DL

0.001)

( DL

0.001)

( DL

0.001)

( DL

0.001)

40 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)0.02

38 Selenium mg/l BDL

( DL

0.005)

BDL

( DL

0.005)

BDL

( DL

0.005)

BDL

( DL

0.005)

0.01

39 Zinc mg/l 0.026 0.045 0.31 0.026 5

3.9.1.2. Results and Discussions Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and

8.13

Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l

Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l

Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l

Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l

Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l

Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l

Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l

Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l

Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l

Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l

Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l

Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb),

Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg)




Page 98

It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits specified

of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit. Surface water quality standards are

provided in Table 3-23.

Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards

S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E

1 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 --- ---

2 Turbidity NTU --- --- --- --- ---

3 pH -- 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

4 Conductivity µS/cm --- --- --- 1000 2250

5 Total Dissolved

Solids

mg/l 500 --- 1500 --- 2100

6 Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/l --- --- --- --- ---

7 Total Hardness as

CaCo3

mg/l 300 --- --- --- ---

8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 80.10 --- --- --- ---

9 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 24.28 --- --- --- ---

10 Sodium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---

11 Potassium mg/l --- --- --- --- ---

12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 --- 600 --- 600

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 --- 400 --- 1000

14 Phosphate mg/l --- --- --- --- ---

15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 20 --- 50 --- ---

16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 --- ---

17 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---

18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 --- ---

19 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.01 --- ---

20 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 --- ---

21 Copper mg/l 1.5 --- 1.5 --- ---

22 Iron mg/l 0.3 --- 50 --- ---

23 Lead mg/l 0.1 --- 0.1 --- ---

24 Zinc mg/l 15 --- 15 --- ---

25 Manganese mg/l 0.5 --- --- --- ---

26 Selenium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.05 --- ---



Page 99

S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E

27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 --- --- --- ---

28 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 ---

29 COD mg/l --- --- --- --- ---

30 BOD mg/l 2 3 3 --- ---

Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection.

Class B –Water for outdoor bathing.

Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.

Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation.

Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal.

3.9.2 Ground water resourcesGround Water Department is monitoring the changes in groundwater regime continuously

through a network of Piezometer wells fitted with Automatic water level recorders in different

hydro geological and geomorphic units. Ground water level behaviour is analysed based on

monitoring of ground water level from the Network Hydrograph Stations (NHS) established

by CGWB.

Groundwater resource of the district has been assessed keeping in view, the sustainable and

optimum development of the resource. The estimation has been done based Ground Water

Estimation methodology (GEM)-1997.

The groundwater Water Resources (MCM) as on March, 2009, from the district-wise

groundwater resources-2012 published by the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) as given

in Table 3-24. Ground water level fluctuation decadal means (May 2001 – May 2010) with

May 2011 for YSR (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure 3-30.

Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009

Attribute Potential /Quantity

Area of the district 15,379 Sq.Km

Net ground water availability 1,05,039 ham

Gross annual draft 65,194 ham

Net GW availability for future irrigation 39,845 ham

Stage of ground water development 62%

Project Site 2-4 m rise



Page 100

Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) withMay 2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.9.1.3. Ground water QualityTotal Eight (08) ground water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different

villages around the project site based on the usage of sub surface water by the settlements/

villages in the study area. The groundwater results are compared with the desirable and

permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water. Groundwater

quality monitoring locations and results are given in Table 3-25and

Project Site



Page 101

Table 3-26. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29.

Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring LocationsStationCode

Location Distance (km)from Projectboundary

AzimuthDirections

GW1 Project Site -- Within Site

GW2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE

GW3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW

GW4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE

GW5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N

GW6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW

GW7 Vellatur 7.16 W


Page 102

Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring ResultsS.No Parameters Units GW1

ProjectSite

GW2Thollagan

ganapalle

GW3Ambavaram

GW4Baligi

palli

GW5Putha

chinnaya

palle

GW6Rampathadu

GW7Vellatur

GW8Paidikalva


1 SourceHand

pump

Hand

pump

Hand

pump

Hand

pumpTube well Tube well

Tube

wellTube well -

2 Color HazenBDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)BDL (DL1.0) 5

3 pH - 8.32 7.93 8.13 8.25 8.14 7.85 7.8 7.73 6.5-8.5

4 Turbidity NTUBDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)

BDL

(DL0.1)BDL (DL0.1) 1

5 Conductivity µS/cm 2234 1156 1225 1045 1420 1395 1076 1140 -

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1395 728 875 643 872 846 732 752 500

7 Total Alkalinity mg/l 320 285 290 210 280 258 320 350 200

8 Total Hardness mg/l 583 298 304 195 292 252 380 347 200

9 Calcium mg/l 146 68 75 43 65 51 65 72 75

10 Magnesium mg/l 53 31 28 22 32 30 53 41 30

11 Sodium mg/l 228 68 130 120 148 147 65 72 -

12 Potassium mg/l 14 5 8 5 6 10 4 6 -

13 Chlorides mg/l 382 114 190 124 162 252 109 119 250

14 Sulphates mg/l 123 53 74 57 85 39 70 57 200


Page 103

S.No Parameters Units GW1ProjectSite

GW2Thollagan

ganapalle

GW3Ambavaram

GW4Baligi

palli

GW5Putha

chinnaya

palle

GW6Rampathadu

GW7Vellatur

GW8Paidikalva


15 Carbonate mg/l 24 - - - - - - - -

16 Bicarbonate mg/l 390 366 354 256 342 315 390 451 -

17 Nitrate mg/l 41.6 4.83 22 5.44 26 46.8 5.32 8.3 45

18 Fluoride mg/l 2.82 2.29 1.88 3.42 0.29 1.18 3.81 2.53 1.0

19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1)BDL(DL

1)BDL(DL1) 0.05

20 Cyanide mg/lBDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL 0.01)-

21 Silica mg/lBDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04)

BDL

(DL0.04

)

BDL

(DL0.04)0.05

22 % Sodium % 25.34 29.03 16.20 22.01 22.85 21.94 42.09 33.56 -

23Residual Sodium

Carbonate (RSC)meq/l 0.26 -2.31 -4.96 0.02 -0.72 -1.76 -1.80 -2.42 -

25 Arsenic mg/lBDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.005)

BDL

(DL0.00

5)

BDL

( DL0.005)0.01


Page 104


GW2Thollagan

ganapalle

GW3Ambavaram

GW4Baligi

palli

GW5Putha

chinnaya

palle

GW6Rampathadu

GW7Vellatur

GW8Paidikalva


26 Cadmium mg/lBDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01

)

BDL

(DL0.01)0.003

27 Chromium mg/lBDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL 0.05)0.05

28 Copper mg/l 0.014 0.014 0.01 0.013 0.01 0.013 0.011 0.023 0.05

29 Iron mg/l 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.29 0.3

31 Lead mg/lBDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)

BDL

( DL

0.1)

BDL

( DL 0.1)0.01

32 Manganese mg/lBDL

( DL0.05)

BDL

( DL0.05)

BDL

( DL0.05)

BDL

( DL0.05)

BDL

(DL0.05)

BDL

( DL0.05)

BDL

(

DL0.05)

BDL

( DL0.05)0.1

33 Mercury mg/lBDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00)

BDL

(DL0.00

)

BDL

(DL0.00)0.001

34 Selenium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01


Page 105


GW2Thollagan

ganapalle

GW3Ambavaram

GW4Baligi

palli

GW5Putha

chinnaya

palle

GW6Rampathadu

GW7Vellatur

GW8Paidikalva


(DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05

)

(DL0.05)

35 Zinc mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.018 5

36 Phosphate mg/lBDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)

BDL

(DL

0.02)

BDL

(DL 0.02)-

37 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -

38 COD mg/lBDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)

BDL

( DL

4.0)

BDL

( DL 4.0)-

39 BOD mg/lBDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)

BDL

( DL

1.0)

BDL

( DL 1.0)-

3.9.1.4. Results and Discussions pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32

Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm

Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l


Page 106

Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l

Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l

Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l

Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l

Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l

Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l

Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l

Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l


Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l

The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are

observed to be below detectable limits at all locations



Page 107

3.10 Soil as a Resource and its QualityThe predominant soils in the PIA district are red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from

poor to medium. Red soils occupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty,

Rajampet, Pulivendla and Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status. Black soils comprise of

45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally associated with clay content.

The soils of the district, in general, are low to medium in fertility status. Soil fertility index

gives an account of low phosphorous and medium to high potash and low to medium organic

carbon in the entire district, while pH ranges from 6.5 to 8.75. Zinc deficiency is the most

common phenomenon in Agriculture crops. Ph levels are also increasing in the recent past

due to intensive cultivation, particularly under K.C.Canal as the farmers are applying

chemical fertilizers indiscriminately. Red soils occupy an extent of 218, 812 hectares, while

182, 344 hectares area is covered by black soils and the balance area of 4,053 hectares is

under problematic soils.

3.10.1 Soil qualityIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use

categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in

the study area. Soil analysis was carried as per IS: 2720 methods. Soil quality monitoring

locations & results are given in Table 3-27 and

Table 3-28. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-31.

Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring LocationsLocation

CodeLocation

Distance (Km)w.r.t project site

Directionw.r.t. project site

S1 Project Site -- Within Site

S2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE

S3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW

S4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE

S5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N

S6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW

S7 Vellatur 7.16 W

S8 Paidikalva 9.36 NNW


Page 108

Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations


Page 109

Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring ResultsS.No Parameters Units S1

Project Site

S2Thollaga

nganapal

le

S3Ambavara

m

S4Baligi

palli

S5Putha

chinnayap

alle

S6Rampat

hadu

S7Vellatur

S8Paidikalva

1

Colour Greyish

whiteBrown

Dark

BrownBrown

Reddish

BrownBrown Grey Grey

2

Textural Class -Sandy Clay

Clay

LoamSilt Loam Silt Loam Clay

Silty

Clay

Silty

Clay

Silty Clay

Loam

3 Sand % 60 28 33 6 10 7 8 5

4 Silt % 4 40 50 76 36 41 43 59

5 Caly % 36 32 17 18 54 52 49 36

6 pH ( 1:2) - 8.52 8.51 8.21 7.58 8.15 8.37 8.06 8.14

7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.31 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.35

8 Conductivity (1:2) umohs/cm 300 304 170 54 147 218 166 137

9 Moisture Content % 13.06 11.1 13.93 7.95 1.86 2.2 1.435 1.84

10

Cation Exchange

capacity

meq/100

gm18.0 16.0 8.5 9.0 27.0 26.0 24.5 24.0

11 Organic carbon 0.079 0.075 0.106 0.482 0.553 0.538 1.05 1.14

12 Organic matter % 0.136 0.129 0.182 0.830 0.953 0.927 1.81 1.96

13 Nitrogen Kg/ha 46.8 50.4 64.8 306 414 436 374 324

14 Phosphorus Kg/ha 54.2 104 155 504 720 648 576 540


Page 110

S.No Parameters Units S1Project Site

S2Thollaga

nganapal

le

S3Ambavara

m

S4Baligi

palli

S5Putha

chinnayap

alle

S6Rampat

hadu

S7Vellatur

S8Paidikalva

15 Potassium Kg/ha 216 540 396 684 864 756 648 684

16

Oil & Grease % BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

BDL

(DL1.0)

17 Calcium % 0.96 0.28 0.52 0.16 0.44 0.2 0.24 0.24

18 Magnesium % 0.53 0.24 0.12 0.048 0.096 0.048 0.17 0.19

19 Boron mg/kg 0.83 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.16 0.88 1.98 1.04

20

Cadmium mg/kg1.2 1.3 1.4

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)11

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

21 Chromium mg/kg 0.36 0.48 0.65 1.42 1.06 1.1 1.09 1.12

22 Copper mg/kg 0.98 1.4 1.15 8.8 19 20.4 13.7 10.5

23 Iron mg/kg 942 293 219 120 250 235 104 119

24

Lead mg/kg BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)11 23 14 11 12

25 Manganese mg/kg 2.9 3.1 2.41 8.4 15.6 11.2 10.5 9.5

26 Zinc mg/kg 4.2 7.6 9.6 13.9 28 28 27 14



Page 111

3.10.2 Results and Discussions Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area

pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52

Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm

Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha

Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha

Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha

Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%

Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc

Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg

Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg

Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg

Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg

3.11 Baseline Biological SurveyBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The floral

diversity is grouped into trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs and aquatic plants. Similarly the

faunal diversity is grouped into mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The study area has

open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy, cotton,

maize and chilli cultivation.

3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study AreaThe study experiences hot climate during summer and cooler winter due to absence of thick

forest cover in the region. Large tracts of land in the region are under rice cultivation. Forest

types found in the study area predominantly scrub forests are found distributed in the few

patches in the S and SW to the site. Social forestry development induced Eucalyptus

plantations can be seen in Northern and eastern region to the site. Two plant species are

predominantly distributed in the study area. The biodiversity study was conducted to

provide information on flora and fauna present in the study area. The study was conducted

from 20.05.2016 and 04.06.2016 in places situated within a radius of 10 km from the site.

The list of places covered in the floral biodiversity and faunal biodiversity survey are

Kopparthy, Yadaapurm, Tadigodla, Tollaganaplli, Ambavaram &Rampathadu villages. The

various species of flora and fauna recorded in the study are tabulated.

3.11.2 Flora

a) TreesA number of tree species are observed in the study area which is given in the Table 3-29



Page 112

Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study areaS.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu )

1. Acacia arabica Gum arabic tree Natta tuma

2. Acacia farnesiana Cassie flower Kasturitumma

3. Acacia ferruginea Rusty Acacia An-sandra

4. Acacia leucophloea White barked

Acacia

Tella tumma

5. Acacia mearnsii Black wattle Tumma

6. Acacia melanoxylon Sally Wattle Kondakorinda

7. Acacia nilotica Babool Nala tuma

8. Albizia lebbeck Flea tree Dirisena

9. Albizia odoratissima Black siris Cinduga

10. Albizia procera White siris Tella cinduga

11. Balanites

aegyptiaca

Desert date Gara

12. Bambusa bambo Bamboo Bongu veduru

13. Barringtonia

acutangula

Indian putat Kadimi

14. Bauhinia

malabarica

Mountain ebony Puli chinta

15. Bauhinia racemosa Burmese Silk

Orchid

Tella Arecettu

16. Borassus flabellifer Palm Taati Munjalu

17. Butea frondosa Flame of the

forest

Moduga

18. Casuarina

equisetifolia

Casuarina Saragudu

19. Cochlospermum

religiosum

Yellow Silk

Cotton

Kondagogu

20. Cocos nucifera Coconut Kobbari chettu

21. Enterolobium

saman

Rain tree Nidra ganneru

22. Eucalyptus globules Eucalyptus Jamayul

23. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Marri



Page 113

S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu )

24. Ficus religiosa Pee pal Raavi

25. Magnifera indica Mango Mamidi

26. Peltophorum

africanum

Weeping wattle Pacha sunkesula

27. Phoenix sylvestris Wild date palm Itha

28. Pongamia pinnata Indian beech Kanuga

29. Prosopis spicigera Indian mesquit. Jammi

30. Sesbania

grandiflora

Hummingbird tree Avisi

31. Techtona grandis Teak Teku

b) ShrubsThe study area has patches of shrub forest in many places therefore number of shrubs

where recorded during the study. Shrubs encountered during the survey are given in the

Table 3-30.

Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name

1. Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow Tuturabenda

2. Acacia latronum Buffalo thorn Tella tumma

3. Ageratum conyzoides Goat weed Pumpillu

4. Allophylus cobbe Indian Allophylus Erra avalu

5. Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Mahaveera

6. Breynia vitis-ideaea Phyllanthaceae Erra-balli

7. Bridelia montana Pantangi, Panchavoni

8. Calotropis gigantea Crown Flower Jilledu

9. Calycopteris floribunda Paper flower climber Bonta teega, Adavi jama,

Pottengi

10. Carissa carandas Karanda Kalivi

11. Carissa spinarum Wild Karanda Vaka

12. Cassia surattensis Scrambled Egg Tree Metta tangedu

13. Cipadessa baccifera Ranabili Chedu Bira

14. Cissus quadrangularis Devil's Backbone Gudametige

15. Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kodisha

16. Clerodendron Arni Tekkali, Nelli



Page 114

S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular namephlomidis

17. Dichrostachys cinerea Sickle Bush Velthuru

18. Dodonaea viscosa Hop Bush Puli-vailu, Bandam

19. Drypetes sepiaria Wild Caper Bush Bira

20. Erythroxylum

monogynum

Red Cedar Deva Dharu, Pagadamu chettu

21. Euphorbia antiquorum Square Milk Hedge Bomma Jemmudu

22. Euphorbia nivulia Leafy Milk Hedge Jemmudu

23. Euphorbia tirucalli Round Milk Hedge Manchi Jemmudu

24. Gardenia gummifera Cambi gum tree, Bikki

25. Gymnosporia spinosa Bharati Danti

26. Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Tedla pala

27. Hugonia mystax Tomentose Pisangi, Kakibira,

28. Jatropha curcas Physic Nut Nepalamu

29. Lawsonia inermis Henna Gorintaku

30. Maytenus emarginatus Notched Leaf Soapnut Kukudu-kayalu

31. Mimosa intsia Twisted Acacia Konda-korinta

32. Phyllanthus reticulatus Black honey shrub Pulsare

33. Randia dumetorum Mountain Pomegranate Manga chettu

34. Rhus mysorensis Mysore sumac Sith-sundari

35. Scutia myrtina Cat thorn Pariki

36. Senna auriculata Tanner's Cassia Tagedu

37. Woodfordia fruticosa Red Bell Bush Jargi, Seringi, Jaji

c) ClimbersClimbers encountered during the survey are given in the below Table 3-31

Table 3-31Climbers present in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name

1. Ampelocissus latifolia Wild grape Bedasatiga, Bedalatiga

2. Argyreia nervosa Elephant creeper Samudrapala

3. Bauhinia vahlii Maloo creeper Madapu

4. Cissus quadrangularis Veldt grape Gudametige

5. Cucumis melo Melon Mulam pandu

6. Ichnocarpus frutescens Black creeper Karampala



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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name7. Ipomoea pes-carpae Goat's foot creeper Chevulapilli theege

8. Ipomoea sepiaria Purple heart glory Mettatuti

9. Merremia hederacea Ivy woodrose Kalasa

10. Pentatropis capensis Ambarvel Chekurtitiwa

11. Pergularia daemia Pergularia Jittupaku, Dushtupatige

12. Rivea hypocrateriformis Midnapore creeper Nirubodi

13. Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Tippatiga, Somida

14. Toddalia asiatica var

floribunda

Wild orange tree Kondakasinda

15. Trichosanthes cuspidat Snake gourd Avaduta

16. Tylophora indica Indian ipecac Mekkanatinnana aku

d) HerbsThe herbaceous vegetation observed in the study area are given belowTable 3-32

Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name

1. Acalypha alnifolia Alder Leaved Cat Tail Chiru kuppinta

2. Adenostemma lavenia Sticky Daisy Jangli-jira

3. Aerva lanata Mountain knot grass Pindi konda

4. Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed Ponna Ganti kura

5. Argemone Mexicana Mexican Prickly Poppy Brahmadandi

6. Barleria cristata Striped Philippine Violet Tellanilambari

7. Bidens pilosa Beggar tick Phutium

8. Cassia tora Stinking cassia Tantepu

9. Cleome viscosa Asian spider flower Kukka-vaminta

10. Corchorus aestuans East Indian mallow Nela Bera

11. Emilla sonchifolia Purple Sow Thistle mayarcevi

12. Euphorbia prostrata Prostrate Sandmat Rongoalathi

13. Grangea maderaspatana Madras Carpet Mastaru

14. Gynura crepidioides Thickhead Tera paibi

15. Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Nagadanthi

16. Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade flower Ratna Purusha

17. Parthenium hysterophorus, Carrot Grass Chandani

18. Sida cordifolia Heart leaf sida Chiru Benda



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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name19. Triumfetta rhomboidea Burr bush Dekki

20. Vernonia cinerea Little iron weed Sahadevi

21. Waltheria indica Sleepy morning Nalla Benda

e) Aquatic PlantsThe aquatic plants observed in the study area are given in Table 3-33.

Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study areaS.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name

1. Eichornia crassipes Water hyacinth Budaga tamara

2. Hydrilla verticillata Water thyme valakada

3. Nymphaea nouchali Blue water lily Neelambal

4. Nymphaea pubescens Pink water lily Thamara

5. Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Neeru veniki

3.11.3 Fauna

a) MammalsThe various wild mammalian species observed in the study area are given in Table 3-34

Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study areaS.No Zoological name English name Vernacular name

1. Lepus nigricollis Black-naped Hare Kundelu

2. Felis chaus Jungle cat Adavi pilli

3. Funambulus palmarum Three-striped palm

squirrel

Uduta

4. Herpestes javanicus Asian Small Mongoose Mungisa

5. Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine Mullapandi

6. Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Nela Chepa

7. Rattus rattus Common rat Eluka

8. Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Nakka

b) BirdsVarious species of birds observed in the study area are given in Table 3-35

Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name

1. Bubo nipalensis Forest Eagle Owl Gudlaguva

2. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Egret



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S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name3. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Ramachiluka

4. Alcedo coerulescens Small Blue Kingfisher Lakumuki

5. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Nalla Pavuram

6. Corvus splendens House Crow Kaki

7. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Gogari yellichi

8. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Koyila

9. Dinopium benghalense Golden-backed Woodpecker Vadrangi pitta

10. Egretta garzetta Little Egret Chinna tella konga

11. Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Chinna passeriki

12. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Neeti kaki

13. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Pedda chiluka

14. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Pigli-pitta

15. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul Turaka-pigli-pitta

c) ReptilesVarious species of reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-36.

Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific name Common Name Vernacular name

1. Ahaetulla mycterizans Common Green Whip Snake Jerripothu

2. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Katla pamu

3. Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Tonda

4. Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Tonda

5. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Usaravilli

6. Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko Nallikeechu

7. Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Balli

8. Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake Jerripothu

9. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Udumu

d) AmphibiansVarious species of amphibians observed in the study area are given inTable 3-37

Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name

1 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog Chettukappa

2 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian green frog Godrukappa



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3 Fejervarya kudremukhensis Cricket frog Kappa

4 Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's bullfrog Kappa

5 Rana temporaria Common frog Kappa

6 Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian burrowing frog Kappa

e) InsectsVarious species of insects observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-38

Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study areaS.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name

1. Ceratogomphus pictus Dragon fly Tuniga

2. Coccinella magnifica Ladybird beetle Arudra purugu

3. Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Pulli

4. Euploea core Common indian crow Kaki

5. Eurythyrea austriaca Jewel beetle Boddenka

6. Monomorium floricula Flower ant Puspam chima

7. Oecophylla smaragdina Weaver ant Neta cimala

8. Panagaeus cruxmajor Ground beetle Pedapurugu

9. Papilio demoleus Lime butterfly Akuchilaka

10. Paratrechina longicornis Longhorn crazy ant Gandru chima

11. Phalanta phalanta Common leopard Chirutha

12. Pieris rapae Cabbage Butterfly Cabbage seethakokachilaka

13. Solenopis invicta Fire ant --

14. Tetra morium guineense Guinea ant Giniya cimala

3.12 Socio-Economic ProfileYSR Kadapa district is the south eastern district of Andhra Pradesh and lies on the southern

Deccan plateau, popularly referred to as the Rayalaseema. It is bounded on the north by

Kurnool, East by Nellore, South by Chittoor and West by Anantapur districts. The area of the

district is 15,359 Sq. Kms.

The population of the district is 28, 82,469 comprises of male population is 14, 51,777 and

female population is 14,30,692.

3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District)Regional Social economic profile is given in Table 3-39.

Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile

S.No Indicators 2011



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S.No Indicators 2011

1 Rural Urban Ratio 33.97% Urban

2 Households 706204

3 Population 2882469

4 Males 1451777

5 Females 1430692

6 Children 331586

7 Scheduled Caste 16.16

8 Scheduled Tribes 2.63

9 Literates 1716766

10 Literacy Rate 67.30

11 Working Population 1320404

12 Main Workers 1079903

13 Agriculture Workers 398305

14 Population Density/Sq. km 188

15 Population Growth Rate 10.79

16 Sex Ratio 985

17 Child Sex Ratio 918

18 Crude Death Rates 19.2

19 Infant Mortality Rate 38

20 Maternal mortality rate 85

21 Total Fertility Rate 1.8Source: Census 2011 & Planning Department GoAP

3.12.2 Economic EnvironmentThe following Table 3-40 shows District Per Capita Income based on NDDP at Current

Prices Basic Prices.

Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDPDistrict/State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Kadapa 57317 59558 70299 82734

Andhra Pradesh 68866 74639 84579 95689

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, AP



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3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study AreaThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes

under the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in

the urban area.Table 3-41 shows the village and its population in 5 Km radius and 10 Km

radius.

Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area

Man

dal N

ame

and

Villa

geN

ame

Tota

lH

ouse

hold

Tota

lPo

pula

tion

Sche

dule

dC

aste

s

Sche

dule

dTr

ibe

Gen

eral

Cat

egor

y

Villages within 5 Km radius

Kamalapuram

Vankamada 0 0 0 0 0

Vallur

Ambavaram 941 3581 468 25 3088

Gotur 283 1110 297 0 813

Jangampalle 39 157 0 0 157

Kodandaramapuram 0 0 0 0 0

Koppolu 450 1711 636 0 1075

Lebaka 1031 3927 832 72 3023

Obana

Somayajulapalle 0 0 0 0

Paidikalva 724 2551 188 4 2359

Thollaganganapalle 303 1153 446 0 707

Yadavapuram 0 0 0 0 0

Chennur

Dugganapalle 155 589 187 0 402

Gurrampadu 389 1498 486 0 1012

Mundlapalle 293 1140 321 2 817

Rachinnayapalle 194 772 221 0 551

Ramanapalle 875 3107 723 0 2384

Chinthakommadinne

Apparajupalle 119 462 0 0 462

Balupalle 103 443 0 0 443



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Man

dal N

ame

and

Villa

geN

ame

Tota

lH

ouse

hold

Tota

lPo

pula

tion

Sche

dule

dC

aste

s

Sche

dule

dTr

ibe

Gen

eral

Cat

egor

y

Cherlopalle 0 0 0 0 0

Chinthakommadinne 2203 8661 1061 47 7553

Kammavaripalle 373 1473 230 0 1243

Kopparthi 851 3250 543 7 2700

Pabbapuram 267 1044 388 2 654

Papasahebpet 148 513 26 0 487

Thadigotla 699 2815 712 15 2088

K.Ramachandrapura

m 9 37 0 0 37

Pendlimarri

Chabali 110 407 170 0 237

Eguva Palle 119 420 8 13 399

Ganganapalle 751 3018 575 59 2384

Konayapalle 49 179 0 0 179

Kothapeta 88 361 0 0 361

Machanur 602 2359 512 4 1843

Moillakalava 432 1855 453 79 1323

Sangatipalle 286 1233 320 0 913

Thippireddipalle 810 3351 375 28 2948

Rampathadu 404 1603 109 0 1494

Total 14100 54780 10287 357 44136Villages within 5-10 Km radius

Kadapa

Kadapa 83465 369031 44856 9104 315071

Kamalapuram

Chinnachepalle 1027 4046 641 62 3343

Dadireddipalle 145 578 0 0 578

Kamalapuram 4687 20623 4994 339 15290

Letapalle 219 870 187 10 673

Peddacheppalle 1354 5368 1312 6 4050

Yellareddipalle 363 1377 258 0 1119



Page 122

Man

dal N

ame

and

Villa

geN

ame

Tota

lH

ouse

hold

Tota

lPo

pula

tion

Sche

dule

dC

aste

s

Sche

dule

dTr

ibe

Gen

eral

Cat

egor

y

Vallur

Ankayapalle 0 0 0 0 0

Chinnaputha 127 463 138 0 325

Isukapalle 52 208 0 0 208

Kotluru 1054 3798 520 8 3270

Kumarunipalle 121 436 223 0 213

Peddaputha 320 1218 413 4 801

Putha Chinnayapalle 71 340 2 6 332

Tappetla 456 1844 537 11 1296

Vallur 1516 5776 1915 98 3763

Venkatesapuram 163 600 288 0 312

Chennur

Chennur 3967 16126 2992 434 12700

Kokkarayapalle 279 1122 326 0 796

Nazeerbegpalle 268 1025 430 8 587

Sivalapalle 291 1149 383 0 766

Upparapalle 386 1525 387 16 1122

Chinthakommadinne

Boggalapalle 474 1826 945 0 881

Buggaletipalle 130 527 8 6 513

Jamal Palle 439 1677 206 11 1460

Kolumulapalle 724 3013 26 361 2626

Peddakampalle 121 490 40 16 434

Rudrayagaripalle 0 0 0 0 0

Pendlimarri

A.Ramachandrapura

m 0 0 0 0 0

Binduraopalle 0 0 0 0 0

Chinna Dasaripalle 57 273 8 13 252

Kothagiriapalle 174 732 0 35 697

Pagadalapalle 123 438 0 0 438



Page 123

Man

dal N

ame

and

Villa

geN

ame

Tota

lH

ouse

hold

Tota

lPo

pula

tion

Sche

dule

dC

aste

s

Sche

dule

dTr

ibe

Gen

eral

Cat

egor

y

Pedda Dasaripalle 0 0 0 0 0

Pendlimarri 857 3564 417 27 3120

Vellatur 624 2651 339 64 2248

Total 104054 452714 62791 10639 379284Source: Census 2011

a) Projected Populationwithin the Study AreaThe followingTable 3-42 shows the projected population of the 5 Km radius and 5 to 10 km

radius of the project area to the current year. It was calculated based on the decadal growth

rate of the district. There would be a spurt in the population once the industrialization takes in

full swing. The ratio of population of different social group categories of the project area is

similar to that of the district which is shown inFigure 3-32. The male and female ratio of the

project area and the district is same, given in Table 3-43

Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project AreaYear 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Within 5 Km 14100 14252 14406 14561 14718 14877

5 Km to 10 Km 104054 105177 106312 107459 108618 109790Source: Census 2011

Source: Census 2011

Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%)



Page 124

Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project areaArea Male Female

District 50.37 49.63

Project area 50.27 49.73

b) Child Populationwithin the Study AreaOf the total population of the study area is given inTable 3-44, Child population has 11.45%.

The girl child population is 47.91%.

Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study areaMandal Name/ VillageName

Child PopulationTotal

Male Female

Within 5 KmAmbavaram 412 213 199Gotur 122 62 60Jangampalle 18 12 6Koppolu 172 93 79Lebaka 418 223 195Paidikalva 329 176 153Thollaganganapalle 138 79 59ChennurDugganapalle 63 33 30Gurrampadu 138 69 69Mundlapalle 135 74 61Rachinnayapalle 72 33 39Ramanapalle (Part) 317 143 174ChinthakommadinneApparajupalle 51 31 20Balupalle 59 30 29Chinthakommadinne (Part) 1114 553 561K.Ramachandrapuram 3 2 1Kammavaripalle 189 97 92Kopparthi 349 164 185Pabbapuram 167 83 84Papasahebpet 63 34 29Thadigotla 290 148 142PendlimarriChabali 41 21 20Eguva Palle 28 11 17Ganganapalle 398 209 189Konayapalle 26 13 13Kothapeta 56 25 31Machanur 262 140 122Moillakalava 209 106 103Rampathadu 167 87 80Sangatipalle 134 75 59Thippireddipalle 418 215 203



Page 125

Mandal Name/ VillageName

Child PopulationTotal

Male Female

Total 6358 3254 31045Km to 10 KmChinnachepalle 396 221 175Dadireddipalle 62 32 30Kamalapuram 2324 1194 1130Letapalle 86 45 41Peddacheppalle 602 342 260Yellareddipalle 149 75 74VallurChinnaputha 34 18 16Isukapalle 23 14 9Kotluru 409 218 191Kumarunipalle 34 13 21Peddaputha 142 75 67Putha Chinnayapalle 34 17 17Tappetla 171 90 81Vallur 610 317 293Venkatesapuram 79 40 39ChennurChennur 1880 953 927Kokkarayapalle 109 48 61Nazeerbegpalle 119 53 66Sivalapalle 129 61 68Upparapalle 203 104 99ChinthakommadinneBoggalapalle 244 128 116Buggaletipalle 55 31 24Jamal Palle 199 107 92Kolumulapalle 427 213 214Peddakampalle 50 31 19PendlimarriChinna Dasaripalle 29 14 15Kothagiriapalle 81 39 42Pagadalapalle 56 30 26Pendlimarri 408 221 187Vellatur 314 180 134KadapaKadapa 42337 22112 20225Total 51795 27036 24759

Source: Census 2011

c) Occupationwithin the Study AreaAgriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers are

involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of farmers belong

to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category. Only 30-35% of the area

covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed. The major irrigation project is KC



Page 126

Canal and the medium irrigation projects are Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha

etc.The principal crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops. Of

which under cereals rice, jowar and ragi are the prominent crops of the district. Bengal gram,

red gram and green gram are the prominent pulses, groundnut, castor and sun flower are the

prominent oil seeds of the district. Cotton, chillies and turmeric are the prominent other crops.

The project area has 32.99% of the working population involved in agriculture activities

(cultivators and Agriculture labor), but the district has 57.04% of workers are cultivators and

agricultural labors. The project area has more ‘other workers’ due to the urban nature of

Kadapa city and access to the nonagricultural activities. Workers group distribution in the

study area is given in Table 3-45.


Page 127

Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area

Mandal Name/ VillageName

TotalWorkers

MainWorkers

MarginalWorkers

Agriculture Household Industries OtherMainCultivators

MainAgri.Labours

Marginalcultivators

MarginalAgri.labours

Main Marginal Main Main

Within 5 Km

Vallur

Ambavaram 1972 1917 55 350 1164 5 43 25 1 378 6

Gotur 653 647 6 68 513 0 1 1 3 65 2

Jangampalle 103 94 9 12 71 0 8 0 0 11 1

Koppolu 818 813 5 203 470 0 4 1 0 139 1

Lebaka 1988 1805 183 410 874 27 92 223 7 298 57

Paidikalva 1143 550 593 78 367 51 481 1 7 104 54

Thollaganganapalle 620 593 27 89 488 2 22 0 0 16 3

Chennur

Dugganapalle 432 359 73 20 275 5 24 4 0 60 44

Gurrampadu 671 592 79 150 325 3 73 1 1 116 2

Mundlapalle 631 608 23 94 367 4 13 25 2 122 4

Rachinnayapalle 471 421 50 111 229 0 46 26 0 55 4

Ramanapalle (Part) 1580 1110 470 118 477 11 323 83 15 432 121

Chinthakommadinne

Apparajupalle 318 311 7 53 188 0 3 0 0 70 4

Balupalle 195 166 29 77 40 8 19 0 0 49 2

Chinthakommadinne 4422 3949 473 483 2044 61 361 181 23 1241 28

K.Ramachandrapuram 23 19 4 0 18 0 4 0 0 1 0


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Kammavaripalle 803 747 56 214 448 3 51 20 1 65 1

Kopparthi 1635 1386 249 136 659 3 202 15 6 576 38

Pabbapuram 586 536 50 14 444 3 42 1 0 77 5

Papasahebpet 297 217 80 47 114 0 70 7 3 49 7

Thadigotla 1450 1186 264 87 184 1 180 161 22 754 61

Pendlimarri

Chabali 258 114 144 91 3 0 119 7 13 13 12

Eguva Palle 207 180 27 46 127 12 14 0 0 7 1

Ganganapalle 1664 1445 219 202 988 110 88 5 1 250 20

Konayapalle 111 111 0 9 95 0 0 0 0 7 0

Kothapeta 226 224 2 104 118 0 2 0 0 2 0

Machanur 1194 674 520 219 373 154 313 26 17 56 36

Moillakalava 965 900 65 180 555 2 58 4 2 161 3

Rampathadu 851 536 315 377 74 8 293 1 0 84 14

Sangatipalle 673 485 188 184 249 78 102 2 0 50 8

Thippireddipalle 1983 1723 260 449 1134 68 175 14 2 126 15

TOTAL 28943 24418 4525 4675 13475 619 3226 834 126 5434 5545Km to 10 Km

Kamalapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chinnachepalle 2135 1973 162 333 1248 7 90 55 3 337 62

Dadireddipalle 211 199 12 20 164 2 9 3 0 12 1

Kamalapuram 9317 8079 1238 688 2726 110 561 1131 138 3534 429

Letapalle 618 617 1 43 548 0 0 13 1 13 0

Peddacheppalle 2877 2740 137 212 1941 6 83 61 5 526 43

Yellareddipalle 729 716 13 142 447 3 5 1 0 126 5

Vallur

Chinnaputha 257 62 195 19 22 29 142 6 6 15 18


Page 129

Isukapalle 71 43 28 32 10 5 15 1 2 0 6

Kotluru 2108 1897 211 325 1392 5 28 26 0 154 178

Kumarunipalle 250 246 4 105 114 2 2 2 0 25 0

Peddaputha 750 408 342 136 218 0 328 0 0 54 14

Putha Chinnayapalle 132 51 81 14 2 1 16 1 3 34 61

Tappetla 838 799 39 342 377 21 4 1 0 79 14

Vallur 2716 1946 770 403 844 22 638 52 25 647 85

Venkatesapuram 324 323 1 6 296 0 1 0 0 21 0

Chennur

Chennur 6810 5797 1013 481 2864 41 708 173 37 2279 227

Kokkarayapalle 543 528 15 34 429 0 13 2 1 63 1

Nazeerbegpalle 499 453 46 13 327 1 37 6 1 107 7

Sivalapalle 640 626 14 89 494 3 9 2 0 41 2

Upparapalle 806 801 5 136 603 0 4 6 1 56 0

Chinthakommadinne

Boggalapalle 976 965 11 107 717 0 6 3 0 138 5

Buggaletipalle 238 236 2 5 225 0 2 0 0 6 0

Jamal Palle 888 847 41 44 25 0 28 4 0 774 13

Kolumulapalle 1339 1305 34 108 1005 2 14 5 0 187 18

Peddakampalle 253 192 61 32 95 0 61 2 0 63 0

Pendlimarri

Chinna Dasaripalle 168 167 1 0 163 0 1 1 0 3 0

Kothagiriapalle 460 454 6 316 114 0 1 0 0 24 5

Pagadalapalle 281 280 1 48 201 0 0 0 0 31 1

Pendlimarri 1940 1513 427 282 853 23 339 97 2 281 63

Vellatur 1645 1371 274 356 763 10 216 19 2 233 46

Kadapa


Page 130

Source: Census 2011

Kadapa 130574 110545 20029 3410 10632 523 3046 3323 1274 93180 15186

TOTAL 171393 146179 25214 8281 29859 816 6407 4996 1501 103043 16490



Page 131

d) Animal Husbandry within the DistrictCattle rearing are a supplementary livelihood for the marginal and small farmers. The

buffaloes outnumber the cattle populations due to the milk yield, tolerant to the hot climate,

maintenance etc. The cattle populations within the district is given in Table 3-46.

Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the districtTotal Bovine Cattle Buffaloes606074 139141 466933

Source: 19th Livestock Census 2012

e) Industries within the districtThere are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa Yerraguntla.

Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the proposed Industrial estate.

Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are reputed industries in the area. List of

Industries are given inTable 3-47.

Table 3-47List of Industries in the study areaS.No. Name of the Industry Activity

1 ABK Publications Ltd., Kadapa News Paper Printing

2Cuddapah Spinning Mills Ltd Koparthi(P),

Yerramasupalli(V)

Cotton yarn

3 Balaji Bio-mass Power (P) Ltd, Chennur (V&M) Power generation

4 Jagati Publications ,Tadigotla News Paper Printing

5 RayalaseemaSpinners IE., Kadapa Cotton yarn

6IBC Limited Sy.No.1461, Ganganapalli (V),

Pendlimarri (M).

Iron ore mining

f) Health Facilities within the study areaThe health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the project area.

The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for emergency. The following

Table 3-48 shows the number of health facilities in the project area.Apart from these, there is

a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services in Kadapa town. Also, many

Private hospitals and practitioners are available. There is no infectious disease in the project

area. The people have adopted the institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate

and Infant Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care

facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness



Page 132

Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project AreaPrimary Health Centers Sub Centres under PHC

Vallur 6

Chennur 8

Akkayappalli 20

Pendlimarri 4

CK Dinne 10Source: National Rural Health Mission 2012-13

g) Sanitation Facilities & Drinking water facilitiesTap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the importance of

purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being implemented in the

rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is very low. Once the area is

industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local population growth, the sanitation situation

will go from bad to worse. The upcoming industries are expected to partake in the sanitation

infrastructure development as social and environmental responsibility. Village wise sanitation

& drinking water facilities within the study area are given in Table 3-49.

Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study areaArea Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toile

tFacility

Tapwaterfromtreated

source

Tapwaterfromun-

treated

source

Coveredwell

Un-coveredwell

Handpump

Tubewell/Borehole

Spring River/

Canal

Tank/

Pond/

Lake

Othersources

Within 5 Km

Ambavaram 36.9 62.1 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0 0 0.1 28.3

Apparajupalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.7

Balupalle 99.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7

Chabali 0 90.6 0 0 0 9.4 0 0 0 0 17.3

Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4

Chinthakommadinn

e (Part) 61.6 35.8 0 0 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 25.5

Eguva Palle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.9

Ganganapalle 78.8 18.3 0 0 0.1 2.8 0 0 0 0 6.8

Gotur 94.1 0 0 0 4.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.4 11.8



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Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toilet

Facility

Tapwaterfromtreated

source

Tapwaterfromun-

treated

source

Coveredwell

Un-coveredwell

Handpump

Tubewell/Borehole

Spring River/

Canal

Tank/

Pond/

Lake

Othersources

Gurrampadu 99.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.6

Jangampalle 56.8 38.6 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

K.Ramachandrapur

am 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kadapa (M Corp. +

OG) (Part) 78 18.2 0 0 3.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 29.6

Kammavaripalle 58 41.7 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 2.4

Konayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kopparthi 67.6 0.6 0 0 10.7 21 0 0.1 0 0 24.7

Koppolu 71.3 0 0 0 0 16.2 0 12.5 0 0 7.2

Kothapeta 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lebaka 50.8 49.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 24.6

Machanur 78 21.6 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 11.1

Moillakalava 31.5 42.6 0 0 0 25.9 0 0 0 0 16.4

Mundlapalle 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.3

Pabbapuram 99.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3

Paidikalva 96.1 0.7 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 8.5

Papasahebpet 69.4 30.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.7

Rachinnayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.6

Ramanapalle (Part) 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.5

Rampathadu 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.4

Sangatipalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7

Thadigotla 45.5 48.4 0 0 0.7 5.3 0.1 0 0 0 45.7

Thippireddipalle 46.6 31.2 0.6 0 0 21.3 0 0.1 0 0.2 10.2

Thollaganganapalle 99 0 0 0 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 37

5 Km to 10 Km

Boggalapalle (Part) 8.2 91.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.3

Buggaletipalle 0.7 99.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32.8

Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4

Chinna Dasaripalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7

Chinnachepalle 82.1 17 0.2 0 0.5 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 23.2

Chinnaputha 0 85.4 14.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.1

Dadireddipalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.4

Isukapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.4



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Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toilet

Facility

Tapwaterfromtreated

source

Tapwaterfromun-

treated

source

Coveredwell

Un-coveredwell

Handpump

Tubewell/Borehole

Spring River/

Canal

Tank/

Pond/

Lake

Othersources

Jamal Palle 91.8 1.6 0 0 5.7 0.9 0 0 0 0 32.1

Kadapa 80.60 13.87 0.17 0.03 2.57 2.40 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.23

57.1

3

Kamalapuram 90.9 8.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 57.3

Kokkarayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49.4

Kolumulapalle 31.3 62.2 0.1 0.1 1.6 4.4 0 0 0 0.1 22.8

Kothagiriapalle 87.2 0 0.6 0 0 12.2 0 0 0 0 32.3

Kotluru 51.5 34 0.1 0.1 13.2 0.7 0 0 0.4 0 18.9

Kumarunipalle 99.2 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.8

Letapalle 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.6

Nazeerbegpalle 99.3 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39.7

Pagadalapalle 0 1.7 0 0 0 97.5 0 0 0 0.8 7.5

Peddacheppalle 93.2 3.1 0.2 0 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 28

Peddakampalle 0 99.2 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 19.8

Peddaputha 47.7 52.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34.8

Pendlimarri 26.4 53.6 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 6.1

Putha

Chinnayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36.6

Sivalapalle 55.7 44 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 17.9

Tappetla 70.4 29.3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6

Upparapalle 97.1 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9

Vallur 67.2 32.1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.4 20.9

Vellatur 73.8 26.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.7

Venkatesapuram 98.8 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8

Yellareddipalle 68.8 18.7 0 0 12.5 0 0 0 0 0 18.7

Source: Census 2011

h) Education facilitiesThe project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected by road

services.The available education infrastructure is given in Table 3-50.The dropout rate is

falling over the period due to the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of

education. The dropout rate of the district is 9.88 (Source: DISE: 2013-14 for primary

level).The primary schools need some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting



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quality education for rural children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming

industries could provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the

confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions like Arts

and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and Health Institutions. The

students have to be provided quality skill development for getting employment opportunities

in upcoming industries.

Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study AreaType of Schools Kadapa Corporation

+OG5 Km 10 Km

Government Primary School 133 99 135

Private Primary School 113 2 1

Government Middle School 55 15 26

Private Middle School 88 1 2

Government Secondary School 27 5 15

Private Secondary School 88 0 10

Government Senior Secondary

School 2 0 6

Private Senior Secondary

School 22 0 1

i) Literacy Details within Study AreaThe literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the study

area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average (67.30%). Literacy

details within the study area are given inTable 3-51.

Table 3-51Literacy details within the study areaMandal Name/ VillageName

TotalLiterates Male Female %

Within 5 KmVallur

Ambavaram 1972 1200 772 62.23

Gotur 653 409 244 66.09

Jangampalle 52 24 28 37.41

Koppolu 938 569 369 60.95

Lebaka 2155 1291 864 61.41

Paidikalva 1330 780 550 59.86



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Thollaganganapalle 624 360 264 61.48

Chennur

Dugganapalle 347 218 129 65.97

Gurrampadu 851 513 338 62.57

Mundlapalle 663 393 270 65.97

Rachinnayapalle 471 270 201 67.29

Ramanapalle (Part) 1706 987 719 61.15

Chinthakommadinne

Apparajupalle 245 165 80 59.61

Balupalle 258 171 87 67.19

Chinthakommadinne 5226 3163 2063 69.25

K.Ramachandrapuram 17 10 7 50.00

Kammavaripalle 775 452 323 60.36

Kopparthi 1811 1090 721 62.43

Pabbapuram 485 301 184 55.30

Papasahebpet 240 156 84 53.33

Thadigotla 1703 1008 695 67.45

Pendlimarri

Chabali 196 117 79 53.55

Eguva Palle 273 160 113 69.64

Ganganapalle 1734 1018 716 66.18

Konayapalle 77 51 26 50.33

Kothapeta 203 114 89 66.56

Machanur 1314 833 481 62.66

Moillakalava 1087 640 447 66.04

Rampathadu 967 586 381 67.34

Sangatipalle 681 422 259 61.97

Thippireddipalle 1643 1002 641 56.02

Total 30697 18473 12224 63.39

5Km to 10 KmChinnachepalle 2544 1463 1081 69.70

Dadireddipalle 360 218 142 69.77

Kamalapuram 12909 6944 5965 70.54

Letapalle 488 294 194 62.24

Peddacheppalle 3292 1932 1360 69.07



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Summary of socioeconomic indicators within the study area is given in Table 3-52.

Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study areaS.No Particulars Study Area

Yellareddipalle 695 433 262 56.60

Vallur

Chinnaputha 272 152 120 63.40

Isukapalle 127 72 55 68.65

Kotluru 2208 1323 885 65.15

Kumarunipalle 287 161 126 71.39

Peddaputha 754 427 327 70.07

Putha Chinnayapalle 221 135 86 72.22

Tappetla 1015 639 376 60.67

Vallur 3574 2119 1455 69.18

Venkatesapuram 323 198 125 62.00

Chennur

Chennur 9828 5614 4214 68.99

Kokkarayapalle 671 389 282 66.24

Nazeerbegpalle 540 324 216 59.60

Sivalapalle 545 355 190 53.43

Upparapalle 802 494 308 60.67

Chinthakommadinne

Boggalapalle 1140 632 508 72.06

Buggaletipalle 411 217 194 87.08

Jamal Palle 829 468 361 56.09

Kolumulapalle 1444 874 570 55.84

Peddakampalle 223 143 80 50.68

Pendlimarri

Chinna Dasaripalle 115 72 43 47.13

Kothagiriapalle 364 238 126 55.91

Pagadalapalle 291 171 120 76.18

Pendlimarri 1831 1165 666 58.02

Vellatur 1657 953 704 70.90

Kadapa

Kadapa 255364 139277 116087 78.17



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S.No Particulars Study Area1 Number of villages in the Study Area 63

2 Total Households 118154

3 Total Population 507494

4 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 27863

5 SC Population 73078

6 ST Population 10996

7 Total Working Population 200333

8 Main Workers 170597

9 Marginal Workers 29739

10 Agricultural Workers 67358

11 Household Industries 7454

12 Other Workers 125521

13 Literates 305124

3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key peopleMr. Sudhaman, Panchayat President, Thollaganganapalli

Primary Schools are available and accessible to the students. The dropout rate is very

low.

For higher classes they need to go to nearby locations at 5 Km distance. Kadapa is at

10 Km distance for higher and college education.

The Panchayat has implemented NTR Sujala Sravanthi project for drinking water.

The main occupation of the village is Agriculture and the principal crops are Paddy,

Sunflower, Corn etc.

Agricultural labor is available. Modern agricultural implements are being used for

agriculture activities.MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and

other local infrastructure developments like drainage system, desilting lake etc.

There are 18 Groups of female SHG operating in the village and involved in livelihood

activities.

Buffaloes are being reared in large numbers for better yield of milk and being supplied

to Cooperatives and local consumptions. Veterinary medical care is available.

No grazing land is available, so the fodder cost is the burden to the farmers.

The rate of girl children attending schools and higher studies is increasing.

Health Facility is available at reachable distances and ambulance service easily

availed for emergency purposes.



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Thollaganganapalli Thollaganganapalli

Thollaganganapalli: Ms.G.S.Rani Supervisor/ANM There are no major health issues in the area; normal fever, diarrhea etc are prevalent

due to the seasonal variations.

The major achievement of health systems is adoption of institutional deliveries in the

rural areas. It is due to the awareness of people, strenuous work of field staffs of

health centers, transport facilities.

The Vaccination and other precautionary medical attention are being taken for new

born babies and other children.

It is expected that the upcoming industries take initiates on health care awareness

programs and providing health facilities to rural masses.

Nutrients and other food supplements are supplied to expectant mothers through

Integrated Child Developments Services Scheme (Anganwadi).

Ambavaram There is one Middle School and two Anganwadis available in the village. For any

higher classes, need to go Vallur at 7 Km. The rural road facility is available, but the

proper transport system is not available. One Sub Centre available, but any major

health issues, they need to go to Vallur.

The normal agriculture practice is being practiced. Paddy, Cotton, Ground nut are the

major crops of the area.

The drinking water is supplied from Over Head Tank. The awareness of the

importance of safe drinking is poor.

Skill development program is required, especially for women, as after completion of

their secondary or college education they may be trained for upcoming job

opportunities in nearby industries.

This village has given a large track of land to the project, but the socio economic

profile are not encouraging.

Pydakalva: Mr. Pradeep Reddy, President



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Sunflower, Groundnut and Horticulture crops are the main crops in the village. The

river is flowing at 2 Km distance, but the water is available for agriculture is only 2

months in a year. Organic farming is being practiced.

For primary education, the village has a middle School. But for the higher education

they have to travel upto 7 kms. People find many difficulties in availing health

facilities.

MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and other local infrastructure

developments like drainage system, concrete roads etc.

Pydakalva Kopparthy

Kopparthy : Mr.Janardhan Reddy The main occupation is agriculture and other related activities. Paddy and Sunflower

are the main crops.

Borewells are used for irrigation purpose.

Primary School is available, but for higher education, they need to go to Kadapa.

Cattle rearing are a supplementary occupation of households. The grazing land is not

available in the village.

The land cost of the village has increased many folds due to the upcoming industrial

estate nearby. The agricultural lands along the road are being kept vacant for

converting as non- agriculture lands.

Diguvapalli: Mr.K.Harikrishna Reddy, President, The village has a primary and a High school. The road infrastructure is available for

transportation.

In the case of health needs, they have to travel a long distance.

Water stored in Over Head Tank and the drinking water is supplied in addition to bore

wells. The awareness of safe drinking water is poor.

The bore wells are the main source for agriculture. Cattle rearing are supplementary

livelihood activity in village.

It is also an agricultural village with no other livelihood activities.



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Diguvapalli Rampadhadu

Yogi Vemanna University Veternery Centre, Kopparthy

Yerramaasupalle ICDS Koparth



Page 142

Primary School, Koparthy Primary School, Diguvapalli

Tadigudla

Urdu School, Vallur Primary Health Centre, Vallur



Page 143

Veterinary Dispensary, Mamillapalli Sub Centre, Ambavaram

Ambavaram Lake AmbavaramGeneral Observations

The agriculture and its related activities are predominant livelihood activities in the

project area and no other specific livelihood activities, except Kadapa urban area.

Paddy, Cotton, Groundnut and Redgram are the main crops. The majority of

farmers are marginal or small farmers due to the fragmentation of land holdings.

The erratic rain and non- remunerative nature of agriculture have forced them as

agricultural and non-agricultural labors.

The input cost, unavailability of agri labour at required time, marketing linkage etc. are

the reasons for shifting from agricultural to non-agricultural occupation. The labors

are getting better income in non agricultural activities and continuous employment,

agri.labors are moving to other profession and migration to other places.

Cattle rearing are the supplementary occupation. Buffaloes are in large numbers than

other cattle due to the higher milk yield and its resistance to the hot climate. There

is a big issue of grazing land for cattle and ruminants.

Sanitation awareness and facilities are poor in the area.



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The authorities in the surrounding villages need to have an aggressive planning and

implementation of basic infrastructure facilities for coping up with future needs.

There is a welcome change in the attitude of women’s education as the education is

given to girl children at par with their counterpart.

The rural youths should provide alternative livelihood by providing skill development

and entrepreneurship development as the education gained by new generations

and their attitudinal change towards agriculture.There is an expectation from the

public that the local people should be provided employment from the upcoming

industries.

The proponent and the industries can associate and promote the various Central

Government and State Government projects/schemes for social and economic

sustainability of the project area.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra

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CHAPTER-4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANDMITIGATION MEASURES


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4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANDMITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Impact Identification& Evaluation

Once identified, anticipated impacts are analyzed and evaluated based on available information.

The method used for evaluating the overall importance of impacts is based on four fundamental

criteria:

Nature (positive or negative, and direct or indirect);

Duration (temporary or permanent);

Area extent (regional, local, or isolated); and

Intensity (low, moderate, or high).

These criteria enable the determination of the overall importance or significance (low, moderate,

or strong negative/positive) of each impact identified. Even if a particular evaluation is merely

based on a value judgment rather than quantitative data that is not available, the methodology

enables the establishment of acceptable levels and defines necessary mitigation and monitoring

measures to minimize or eliminate impacts.

4.1.1 Nature of impactThe nature of the impact can be described as positive or negative. Positive impacts enhance the

quality or facilitate access to baseline socioeconomic and environmental elements as described

in the above chapter, while negative impacts degrade their quality or limit access. Impacts are

also described as direct or indirect. A direct impact appears as an immediate result of a project

activity, such as the damage to vegetation caused by the development of project land. An

indirect impact arises from a project activity at the secondary level, such as the enhanced

opportunities to for economic development enabled by the project.

4.1.2 Duration of impactThe duration of an impact can be temporary or permanent. Careful attention has been made to

distinguish between the duration and the source of the impact. For example, a source of impact

of short duration (such as turbidity of river water caused by storm runoff from the construction

site during construction) can exert an impact of permanent duration on the downstream

environment (sedimentation of the riverbed). The presence and operation of the infrastructure

works generally impose impacts of permanent duration.

The duration of impact can be classified as below:

Construction Phase: 2 – 3 years;


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The immediate community for the radius of 5 km will be affected. However the impact will be

mainly as below:

a. Traffic Impacts:Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.

b. Air quality impacts:Due to construction activities viz. dust and particulates

c. Water Quality impacts:Due to runoff during rainy time of construction materials.

Sewage generation and its disposal.

d. Noise Quality impacts:Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.

4.1.3 Area extent of impactThe aerial extent of an impact refers to its area of influence and can be regional, local, or

isolated to a particularly small and well defined area. An impact of regional extent exerts an

influence far beyond the surroundings of the project area. The local area of influence refers to

the communities of the North and South west affected by the project. And lastly, an isolated

impact is limited in extent to a small, readily defined area or experienced by a small number of

individuals.

4.1.4 Intensity of impactThe intensity of an impact concerns the scale or size of the impact on socioeconomic and

environmental elements such as the productivity of natural habitat, a community, or the

utilization of resources. Intensity is evaluated as low, moderate or high. Impacts are evaluated

as a function of how they affect the overall integrity of elements and their vulnerability to

degradation or loss in value.

4.2 Construction phase impacts

The impacts on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the

activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below;

4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitatDuring Construction there will be essentially entail the removal and loss of some, if not most, of

the existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of

block and steel concrete structures associated within the project site new infrastructures. This


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would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources,

and thus a direct long-term impact. The site is not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to

construction and did not support any significant ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the

impacts from erecting the new buildings are considered to be not significant in terms of habitat

loss. Impact mitigation is not required during the construction phase. Landscaping of the site,

after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should offset any

negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The

numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected

to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained, and these are expected to play a

greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna

during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically.

4.2.2 Impact on drainage patternThe overall topography of the project site will be radically changed by the erection of buildings

and this will bring moderately significant change in the existing pattern of surface drainage.

Mainly, the impact will arise from the creation of impermeable surfaces (roofs, pavements, etc.,)

and the corresponding reduction in the amount percolation in the soil and capacity of the site to

absorb rainfall.

4.2.3 Erosion of cleared areaVegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction will expose soils in the

affected areas which could leave them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and create the

threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in drains & nearby rivers. The topography of

the site and the pervious nature of the soils will cause erosive surface flows during the

construction works before landscaping and drainage works reduce the susceptibility to soil

erosion. Significant surface features such as gullies, streams or rivers in close proximity to the

site that could be affected by soil erosion.

4.2.4 Impacts of Material TransportationThe various materials required for construction (e.g. Steel, sand, Blocks, Lumber, Marl, Asphalt,

etc.) will be obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site. Transportation of

these materials, typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks, usually results in

undue road wear-and-tear. In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and spillages occur on

the roadways between source and site. Dusting degrades local air quality and material spillages

worsen road driving conditions and increase the risk of road accidents. These occurrences


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represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts on public health and safety related to

the project.

4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality ImpactsDuring the construction phase the ambient air quality in and around the proposed project site

will have marginal adverse impacts due to the various activities which are part of construction

phase. The various activities includes during construction phase such as site preparation,

approach roads, excavation, drilling, foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection,

transportation, dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. The pollutant released during

the construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers. Table 4-1provides the emission from various construction equipments and Figure 4-1 details the impact

due to air environment.

Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment


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Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’sType ofConstructionEquipment

VOC(g/hp-Hr)

CO(g/hp-Hr)

NOX

(g/hp-Hr)

PM10

(g/hp-Hr)

PM 2.5

(g/hp-Hr)

SO2

(g/hp-Hr)

CO2

(g/hp-Hr)

Water Truck 0.440 2.070 50490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000

Diesel Road

Compactors

0.370 1.480 4.900 0.340 0.330 0.740 536.200

Diesel Dump Truck 0.440 2.070 5.490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000

Diesel Excavator 0.340 1.300 4.600 0.320 0.310 0.740 536.000

Diesel Trenchers 0.510 2.440 5.810 0.460 0.440 0.740 535.800

Diesel Bore/Drill Rigs 0.600 2.290 7.150 0.500 0.490 0.730 529.700

Diesel Cement

&Mortar

Mixers

0.610 2.320 7.280 0.480 0.470 0.730 529.700

Diesel Cranes 0.440 1.300 5.720 0.340 0.330 0.730 530.200

Diesel Graders 0.350 1.360 4.730 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300

Diesel Tractors/

Loaders/Backhoes

1.850 8.210 7.220 1.370 1.330 0.950 691.100

Diesel Bull Dozers 0.360 1.380 4.760 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300

Diesel Front End

Loaders

0.380 1.550 5.000 0.350 0.340 0.740 536.200

Diesel Fork Lifts 1.980 75760 8.560 1.390 1.350 0.950 690.800

Diesel Generator Set 1.210 3.760 5.970 0.730 0.710 0.810 587.300

(Source: USEPA 2005 Emission Factors)

Temporary increase in air pollution will result from the use of construction equipments, portable

lights, and fugitive dust. Due to the short duration of the Planned Action, any impacts on

ambient air quality during construction activities are expected to be short term.

4.2.6 Noise EnvironmentFoundation work will involve land excavation, affecting environment by noise. Structural work,

deployment of machinery, approach of road construction and erection of roads will result in

noise and vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation would also lead to significant

noise pollution. Continuous Exposure of workers to high sound levels may result in annoyance,


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fatigue. Albeit annoying, this negative impact will be short-term (limited to the duration of the

road construction works) and is not considered to be a significant threat to the health or

wellbeing of humans. Distance will help to ameliorate noises. The construction Equipment Noise

Emission Levels is given below in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments

Equipment Description AcousticalUsage Factor

(%)

Actual MeasuredLmax @ 50 feet (dBA,

slow) (SamplesAveraged)

Number of ActualData Samples

(Count)

All Other Equipment > 5 HP 50 N/A 0

Auger Drill Rig 20 84 36

Backhoe 40 78 372

Bar Bender 20 N/A 0

Blasting N/A N/A 0

Boring Jack Power Unit 50 83 1

Chain Saw 20 84 46

Clam Shovel (dropping) 20 87 4

Compactor (ground) 20 83 57

Compressor (air) 40 78 18

Concrete Batch Plant 15 N/A 0

Concrete Mixer Truck 40 79 40

Concrete Pump Truck 20 81 30

Concrete Saw 20 90 55

Crane 16 81 405

Dozer 40 82 55

Drill Rig Truck 20 79 22

Drum Mixer 50 80 1

Dump Truck 40 76 31

Excavator 40 81 170


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(%)




(Count)

Flat Bed Truck 40 74 4

Front End Loader 40 79 96

Generator 50 81 19

Generator (<25KVA, VMSSigns)

50 73 74

Gradall 40 83 70

Grader 40 N/A 0

Grapple (on backhoe) 40 87 1

Horizontal Boring HydraulicJack

25 82 6

Hydra Break Ram 10 N/A 0

Impact Pile Driver 20 101 11

Jackhammer 20 89 133

Man Lift 20 75 23

Mounted Impact Hammer(hoe ram)

20 90 212

Pavement Scarifier 20 90 2

Paver 50 77 9

Pickup Truck 40 75 1

Pneumatic Tools 50 85 90

Pumps 50 81 17

Refrigerator Unit 100 73 3

Rivit Buster/Chipping Gun 20 79 19

Rock Drill 20 81 3

Roller 20 80 16

Sand Blasting (single 20 96 9


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(%)




(Count)

nozzle)

Scraper 40 84 12

Sheers (on backhoe) 40 96 5

Slurry Plant 100 78 1

Slurry Trenching Machine 50 80 75

Soil Mix Drill Rig 50 N/A 0

Tractor 40 N/A 0

Vacuum Excavator (Vac-Truck)

40 85 149

Vacuum Street Sweeper 10 82 19

Ventilation Fan 100 79 13

Vibrating Hopper 50 87 1

Vibratory Concrete Mixer 20 80 1

Vibratory Pile Driver 20 101 44

Warning Horn 5 83 12

Welder/Torch 40 74 5(Source: Construction Noise handbook –US Department of Transportation)

A construction noise assessment for a major project is performed by comparing the predicted

noise levels with criteria established for the type of project. The approach requires a descriptor,

a standardized prediction method and set recognized criteria for assessing impact. The

descriptor used for construction noise as the Leq. This unit appropriate for the following

reasons.

It can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece of equipment

separately and is easy to combine to represent the noise level from all equipment

operating during a given period.

It can be used to describe the average the noise level during entire phase.

It can be used to describe the average noise over all phases of the construction.


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4.2.7 Water EnvironmentConstruction phase requires large quantities of water to be used in various processing such as

material preparation in equipment’s. Change in quality of water forms an important concern

associated the project particularly during the construction phase. Earth works, crushing of

stones, cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion

are the major factors that affect the water quality during construction phase.

During rainy season, the runoff water joining the water sources from nearby areas of the

development sites will add more such debris and soil particles to enhance the level of

suspended solids in the water bodies. This will adversely affect the fishes and other aquatic life

forms apart from the human beings who are dependent on the surface water for their daily

use.Figure 4-2 details the impact on water environment due to the project.

Following are the most susceptible locations for contamination of water during construction:

Waterlogged areas have water in them during the period of construction. Land fill

material may increase the turbidity of this water logged body and thereby may

invite vector of disease.

Surface and ground water resources close to construction material storage yard,

concrete mixer plants and maintenance sites of construction vehicles;

Leakage of lubricant or spill may cause water pollution of surface and ground

water body.

Impact due to accidental spills or due to bad construction practice, will be short

term and low in magnitude and confined to the construction period only.


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Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment

4.2.8 Biological EnvironmentDust emissions from the construction activity will affect the plant and animal respiration activity.

Construction activities change the natural environment. But it also creates a built environment

for the surrounding. Emissions such as PM10, PM2.5, NOX, SOX from D.G sets and other vehicles

may also cause respiration problem for the surrounding organisms. The extent of the pollution

will be about 2km fromthe project area.

4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment

a) Positive Impacts

Income to the Equipment and Material suppliers This project will promote the procurement of equipment’s and machineries for the

various activities involved during the construction phase where it is technically and

commercially feasible.

Procurement of material suppliers for various activities involved in the construction

phase which will also promote the growth of the economy of the local material suppliers

in and around the proposed Project site.


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Employment Opportunities Proposed project will create employment opportunities to the local peoples living around

the Project Site and its nearest villages.

At this stage it is not possible to accurately determine the number of workers that will be

employed on the site during the construction phase but it is estimated that this number

would be between 600 persons throughout the construction phase. These levels of

short-term employment opportunities would have a positive impact on the local economy

and on regional unemployment.

b) Negative Impacts

OHS Risks to Construction Workers During construction phase of the proposed project the employers are subject to Health

and Safety Risks.

To eradicate the Health and Safety risks to the employers Personal Protective

Equipment’s will be provided.

Ensuring good housekeeping and cleaning operations.

Sanitation Facilities Proper on Site Sanitation facilities will be provided for the employers.

The wastewater generated during construction phase will be treated in the Proposed

Septic Tank and Soak Pit.

4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

Mitigation is the implementation of measures designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a

proposed project on the environment. As companies and individuals all, we have an important

role to play in protecting the environment, which is very sensitive to change and once damaged

can take a long time to recover.

For mitigation to be effective the following factors should be taken care of;

The measure proposed must be achievable within time, resources and

capabilities

The mitigation measures must correspond to impacts

Funding must be adequate over the life of the activity

Preventive mitigation is usually cheapest and most effective. It must be done at

design stage.


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Mitigation measures can be categorized with respect to construction and operation phase. For

the mitigation of environmental impacts various environmental infrastructures have been

proposed and are given in following sections.

The mitigation measures on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding

environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below:

4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife HabitatDevelopment of green belt during construction stage will see the introduction of plants and trees

which will offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at

the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping

exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained and these are

expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other

terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing

aesthetically.

4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the project

premises, Rain Water Harvesting System is proposed throughout the

Industrial park and the excess rain water will be diverted to the nearby tanks

within the site after proper treatment.

If during excavation, water accumulates in the excavated areas, then it should

be pumped out and disposed off either in the municipal storm water drain or

into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells.

4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared AreasNon-structural measures mainly control the “vulnerability” component of flood risk,

they include:

Spatial planning policy with a presumption against development or

encroachment of economic activities onto flood plains.

Re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as

possible.

Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that

threaten to erode or result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent marine

waters

Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the

construction phase of the project.


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Building regulations to control the additional runoff from any development in

the catchment outside the flood plain.

Regulations to control increases in vulnerability to flooding and of flood plain

use.

Provision of effective warning systems with emergency response plans.

Public education in flood risk and encouragement of personal measures to

reduce flood losses.

For control of flooding in urban areas, land use planning and implementation

of adequate capacity drainage network is essential. Drainage improvement

shall be integrated into the master plan for water management in the urban

areas.

4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation All fine earth materials will be covered during transportation to the site to

prevent spillage and dusting.

Trucks used for that purpose on the project will be fitted with tailgates that

close properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials.

The cleanup of spilled earth and construction material on the main roads will

be the responsibility of the contractor and will be done in a timely manner (say

within 4 hours) so as not to inconvenience or endanger other road users.

These requirements will be included as clauses within contracts made with

relevant sub-contractors.

Transportation of lubricants and fuel to the site will be doneonly in the

appropriate vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums.

As far as possible, transport of construction materials will be scheduled for off-

peak traffic hours. This will reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road

accidents on the access roads to the site.

4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality

a. Mitigation measures for Air Pollution Site clearance, excavation and earthmoving

The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of

boulders or temporary or permanent structures will be sprayed with water or a

dust suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the

operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet.


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Access roadEvery main haul road will be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore

or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust

suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet.

Construction equipment’s• All machineries to be used for construction purpose will be of highest

standard of reputed make and compliance of noise pollution control norms by

these equipment’s will be emphasized by company.

• Acoustic laggings and silencers will be used in equipment’s wherever

possible.

• Feasibility of putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas

with high noise levels will also be explored.

• Transport vehicles and construction equipment’s / machineries will be

properly maintained to reduce air emissions.

• Equipment’s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against

stipulated norms.

• Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure quick dispersal

of gaseous emissions.

Use of vehicle• Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle shall be washed

to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels.

• Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty

materials, the load shall be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to

ensure that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicle.

Excavation and earth movingThe working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be

sprayed with water or a dusty suppression chemical immediately before during

and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet.

Stock Piles• All loose material either stocked or transported shall be provided with suitable

covering such as tarpaulin, etc.


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• Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is

anticipated.

• Over Burden (OB) waste dumps shall be sprayed with water as they are

major sources of air borne particulate matter/dust.

• OB waste dumps shall be reclaimed / afforested to bind the loose soil and to

prevent soil erosion.

DG Set• D.G. set should be placed in an acoustic enclosure.

• D.G. set should be placed on the wooden platform to minimize the vibration.

• The green belt development will also help in reducing noise levels in the

campus.

4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage The stockpiling of construction materials will be properly managed and

controlled. Fine grained materials (sand, marl, etc.) will be stockpiled away

from surface drainage channels and features.

Low beams will be placed around the piles and/or tarpaulin used to cover

open piles of stored materials to prevent them from being washed away during

rainfall.

Safe storage areas will be identified and retaining structures constructed prior

to the arrival of material.

Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) will be properly stored in appropriate

containers and these should be safely locked away. Conspicuous warning

signs (e.g. ‘No Smoking’) will also be posted around hazardous waste storage

and handling facilities.

Refueling and maintenance of heavy construction vehicles at the site, will be

done at specified areas or makeshift "depots" where measures are in place to

deal with spillages and temporary storage of oily wastes. These depots will be

located in an area that would ultimately be permanently paved (e.g. parking

lots) thereby covering contaminated soil if any. The ground at the depot site

will be covered with a thick layer of marl to absorb any spillages.

Subsequently, this marl layer will be removed for proper disposal. In the event

of a large spill, the area must be cleaned up immediately by excavating the


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contaminated soil and removing it in a secure vehicle to an approved disposal

site.

In order to reduce ground contamination, an impervious sump or container will

be placed under the spigots of fuel drums to collect drippings.

4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds will be restricted to

normal working hours.

Workers operating equipment that generates noise will be equipped with noise

protection gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater

than 70 dB (A) continuously for 8 hours or more will use earmuffs. Workers

experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70 – 80 dB (A)will wear earplugs.

The construction activities will be restricted to the daytime and no construction

will be practiced during night.

Barricades will be provided around the construction site to confine noise within

the site.

To reduce the impact of air and noise pollution and to provide a clean, healthy

environment, it has been proposed to create and maintain a green belt around

the periphery of the Industrial Park and along the roadsides.

4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment Excavation will be avoided during monsoon season

Check dams will be provided at appropriate location to prevent construction

runoff from the site to the surrounding water bodies.

Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks

will be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent

wastewater from entering the ground water or surrounding water bodies.

To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof

containers will be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease.

No abstraction of groundwater during construction.

4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment The dust emissions will be suppressed by spraying water and then the

activities will be carried out.


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Emissions from D.G sets and vehicles will be minimized by proper

maintenance and by avoiding use of adulterant fuels and will be maintained

below the standard limits prescribed by competent authority.

Important species of trees will be identified and marked and will be merged

with landscape plan.

4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal A site waste management plan will be prepared by the contractor prior to

commencement of building. This will include the designation of appropriate

waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of

approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and monitoring.

Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made the responsibility of

the building contractor with the system being monitored independently.

Special attention will be given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of

solid waste produced during site preparation and construction. To reduce

organic waste, softer vegetation will be composted onsite and used for soil

amendment during landscaping.

Most of the construction materials like soil, bricks, concrete will be reused in

the backfilling, road construction, sub-grade reparation etc. works. Metals,

word scraps & bitumen junks will be recycled either within site or outside with

help of the local authority. The measures like reusing materials on-site and /or

donating /selling salvaged items reduces waste, virgin material use and

disposal cost.

Vegetation and combustible waste will not be burntat site.

Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) will be stockpiled away from

drainage features and used for filling where necessary.

Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other

construction materials, will be disposed of at an approved dumpsite.

4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment The soil will be collected separately and preserved in stacks with side slopes

not exceeding 1:5. The topsoil (soil on the top 15 cm patch) will be preserved

separately in a stack covered by tarpaulin. Efforts will be made to reinstate the

soil for backfilling purposes. Topsoil will be reused for horticultural areas.


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The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residue from concrete mixer

plants will be properly collected and disposed off.

4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase Construction related activities will be confined only to project site area, hence

no health related impact are envisaged within the project influenced area

during the construction stage and will be limited to occupant levels.

At the project site much direct exposure to dust generation and high noise

generation sources likely to cause occupant health related impact such as

asthma, bronchitis and Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) etc. on the

construction workers. In order to offset such effects, proper drinking water,

sanitation and first aid facility will be provided at the construction site, with

trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational

health impacts on the construction workers.

4.4 Operation Phase Impacts

The impacts on Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding

environment during the Operation phase are discussed below;

4.4.1 Ambient Air QualityThe potential impact on air quality would mainly be from boilers/ Thermic Fluid Heaters and

Diesel Generators due to combustion of fuel.

The operation of Diesel Generators would be only during the power interruption

from supply from APEPDCL, when emissions due to combustion of fuel (High

Speed Diesel) will take place. But the operation of boilers/ Thermic Fluid heaters

would generate more emissions since the duration of operation is more. The

anticipated key air emissions from the project would be particulate matter, Oxides

of Nitrogen (NOX), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO).

Emission of PM, NOX, SOX, CO from Boilers/ thermic Fluid Heaters, D.G set and

Vehicular traffic and also dust emission from vehicular movement may pollute the

ambient air quality which in turn cause breathing problem to the people who are

nearby.

The primary risks to air quality concern the emissions from the DG sets.

Combustion of fossil fuels produces harmful emissions of particulate matter (PM),

Ozone (O3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), and Carbon monoxide


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(CO) in the air, which can affect human health. Ash residues and the dust removed

from exhaust gases may contain significant levels of heavy metals and some

organic compounds. Important health impacts are discussed below.

The major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NOx are combustion processes

(boilers/ thermic fluid heaters, DG sets).

The major components of PM are sulphate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride,

carbon, mineral dust and water. Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the

risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as of lung

cancer. As no threshold for PM has been identified below which no damage to

health is observed, the recommended value should represent an acceptable and

achievable objective to minimize health effects in the context of local constraints,

capabilities and public health priorities.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced as a combustion by-product from carbon-

based fuels. Any combustion process (power production, engines in vehicles and

ships, or other fuel burning equipment) has the potential to produce carbon

monoxide, an odourless, tasteless, and colorless gas. Inhaled carbon monoxide

enters the bloodstream and combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin

(COHb), which reduces the blood’s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues.

People with several types of heart disease already have a reduced capacity for

pumping oxygenated blood to the heart. For these people, short-term CO exposure

further affects their body’s already compromised ability to respond to the increased

oxygen demands when exercising or under increased exertion. Healthy individuals

are also affected at higher levels of CO exposure. Exposure to elevated outdoor

CO levels is associated with fatigue, visual impairment, headache, and reduced

manual dexterity. At extremely high concentrations, CO can cause death.

Air Modeling for operation phaseAERMOD Software Version 7.5.0 was used for air dispersion modeling and is applicable to a

wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition to

more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion

scenarios. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it

assumes the concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the

convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian,

but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function (pdf).

This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL wasdemonstrated by Willis and


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Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats “plume lofting,”

whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near

the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any

plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the

boundary layer when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD

treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander. The emissions from

proposed utilitystacks have been taken as basis for modeling and are shown in Table 4-3. The

emissions from DG sets taken as basis for modeling is given in Table 4-4. The Ground level

concentrationsdue to Utility stacks are given inFigure 4-3, Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5. The

maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-5 and for DG stacks is given in Figure4-6, Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8. The maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-6.The combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks is given in Table 4-7.


Page 166

Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)

Coordinates Source Temp (K)

Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1 SyntheticOrganicchemicals

38.97 255389.00 m E,

1606067.00 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507


38.97 255971.00 m E,1605765.00 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507


38.97 255408.00 m E,1605560.00 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507


38.97 255741.00 m E,1605895.00 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507


38.97 255218.00 m E,1605386.00 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507


10.91 252802.24 m E,1603112.47 mN

Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 1.2 14 0.414 1.81 0.142


10.91 252817.46 m E,1603254.05 mN

Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142


10.91 252970.17 m E,1603003.71 mN

Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142


Page 167

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


10.91 252798.48 m E,1603167.73 mN

Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142


10.91 252872.58 m E,1603072.08 mN

Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142

11 Paint Industry 38.86 255804.38 m E,1606363.29 mN

Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518


Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518


Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518


Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518


Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.50518

16 Dyes andIntermediates

18.21 255799.80 m E,1606208.50 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 255962.97 m E,1606500.54 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


Page 168

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


18.21 256204.97 m E,1606471.22 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256253.57 m E,1606351.08 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256065.57 m E,1606265.63 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256165.01 m E,1606429.93 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256130.21 m E,1606280.19 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256180.18 m E,1606391.95 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256120.68 m E,1606329.25 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673


18.21 256166.20 m E,1606523.92 mN

Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.23673

26 Foodprocessing

18.33 254986.84 m E,1603411.46 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829


Page 169

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

27 Foodprocessing

18.33 254808.26 m E,1603384.07 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829

28 Foodprocessing

18.33 254776.77 m E,1603205.38 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829

29 Foodprocessing

18.33 254774.09 m E,1603088.99 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829

30 Foodprocessing

18.33 254830.39 m E,1603307.03 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829

31 Foodprocessing

18.33 254605.50 m E,1603228.56 mN

Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.23829

32 Soft drinks 16.72 257580.26 m E,1604257.84 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736

33 Soft drinks 16.72 257571.38 m E,1604072.87 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736

34 Soft drinks 16.72 257473.85 m E,1603992.50 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736

35 Soft drinks 16.72 257307.54 m E,1604181.30 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736


Page 170

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

36 Soft drinks 16.72 257264.98 m E,1604105.64 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736

37 Soft drinks 16.72 257399.13 m E,1604175.82 mN

Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.21736

38 Milk chillingand Diary

12.53 257903.73 m E,1604598.29 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257854.01 m E,1604571.68 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257930.12 m E,1604575.38 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257935.23 m E,1604545.89 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257863.07 m E,1604543.73 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257861.05 m E,1604503.24 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257948.84 m E,1604505.55 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


Page 171

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


12.53 257920.51 m E,1604485.27 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257877.13 m E,1604477.95 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289


12.53 257821.71 m E,1604555.79 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.16289

48 Agro basedunits

9.44 257920.61 m E,1604377.94 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

49 Agro basedunits

9.44 257929.65 m E,1604312.38 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

50 Agro basedunits

9.44 257851.68 m E,1604305.57 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

51 Agro basedunits

9.44 257900.22 m E,1604265.46 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

52 Agro basedunits

9.44 257882.93 m E,1604239.59 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

53 Agro basedunits

9.44 257808.73 m E,1604210.55 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272


Page 172

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

54 Agro basedunits

9.44 257881.24 m E,1604196.90 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

55 Agro basedunits

9.44 257805.25 m E,1604283.73 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

56 Agro basedunits

9.44 257799.48 m E,1604230.89 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

57 Agro basedunits

9.44 257861.42 m E,1604276.93 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

58 Agro basedunits

9.44 257849.81 m E,1604218.10 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

59 Agro basedunits

9.44 257905.50 m E,1604225.81 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

60 Agro basedunits

9.44 257922.65 m E,1604247.21 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

61 Agro basedunits

9.44 257939.17 m E,1604228.65 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272

62 Agro basedunits

9.44 257814.77 m E,1604253.13 mN

Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.12272


Page 173

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

63 Textile 16.48 257084.12 m E,1604771.33 mN

Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184

64 Textile 16.48 257250.89 m E,1604564.89 mN

Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184

65 Textile 16.48 257158.75 m E,1604498.18 mN

Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184

66 Textile 16.48 257096.33 m E,1604433.65 mN

Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184

67 Textile 16.48 258237.07 m E,1605000.67 mN

Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.19184


75.18 256027.55 m E,1598279.54 mN

Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.97734


75.18 257758.47 m E,1598505.62 mN

Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.97734

70 Automobileparts

12.08 256984.69 m E,1599693.06 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

71 Automobileparts

12.08 257065.50 m E,1599650.95 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174


Page 174

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

72 Automobileparts

12.08 257044.02 m E,1599779.37 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

73 Automobileparts

12.08 256859.36 m E,1599713.50 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

74 Automobileparts

12.08 256660.82 m E,1599600.32 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

75 Automobileparts

12.08 257050.78 m E,1599543.50 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

76 Automobileparts

12.08 256797.74 m E,1599688.00 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

77 Automobileparts

12.08 256951.87 m E,1599573.38 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

78 Automobileparts

12.08 257298.32 m E,1599634.15 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174

79 Automobileparts

12.08 257260.51 m E,1599541.23 mN

Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.1174


7.233 256918.92 m E,1599502.94 mN

Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669053


Page 175

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


7.233 256949.39 m E,1599643.79 mN



7.233 256735.86 m E,1599579.55 mN



7.233 256589.14 m E,1599539.49 mN



7.233 256444.19 m E,1599552.88 mN



7.233 256416.51 m E,1599663.46 mN



7.233 256435.17 m E,1599513.31 mN



7.233 256307.90 m E,1599634.27 mN



7.233 256297.66 m E,1599584.43 mN



7.233 256473.53 m E,1599603.65 mN



Page 176

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

90 MetallurgicalIndustries

17 254954.93 m E,1600397.63 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/furnaceoil

28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 254867.30 m E,1600477.63 mN


28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 254849.38 m E,1600379.97 mN


28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 254919.50 m E,1600341.18 mN


28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 254888.19 m E,1600614.31 mN


28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 254807.69 m E,1600590.29 mN


28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221


17.23 255161.04 m E,1600615.07 mN


28 1.2 6 0.65474 2.86018 0.22399


17 255041.03 m E,1600451.56 mN


28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221


17 255023.95 m E,1600412.27 mN


28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221


Page 177

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


17 254847.91 m E,1600443.06 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221

100 Industrialcarbon

15.21 255410.00 m E,1600132.00 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773


15.21 255609.74 m E,1600057.68 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773


15.21 255407.06 m E,1600092.02 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773


15.21 255220.21 m E,1600059.46 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773


15.21 255291.01 m E,1600159.66 mN

Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.19773

105 Carbon Black 62.23 255486.25 m E,1600172.45 mN

Boiler 3T,dryer, purgegas

408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337



408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337



408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63337


Page 178

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

108 Steel rerolling 5 254169.27 m E,1603955.57 mN

Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065

109 Steel rerolling 5.2 254075.57 m E,1604094.37 mN

Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.1976 0.8632 0.0676


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Page 179

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Page 180

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065


Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065

128 R and D units 10.774 255525.11 m E,1605019.11 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

129 R and D units 10.774 255324.05 m E,1604838.17 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

130 R and D units 10.774 255237.76 m E,1605108.06 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

131 R and D units 10.774 255049.88 m E,1604722.79 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

132 R and D units 10.774 255407.90 m E,1605098.63 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

133 R and D units 10.774 255485.93 m E,1604858.24 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

134 R and D units 10.774 255283.85 m E,1604698.50 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062


Page 181

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

135 R and D units 10.774 254936.67 m E,1604864.20 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

136 R and D units 10.774 255115.49 m E,1605091.96 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062

137 R and D units 10.774 255217.99 m E,1604989.26 mN

Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140062


58.59 256145.33 m E,1600566.07 mN

Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.76167


58.59 255760.54 m E,1600504.11 mN

Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.76167


54.2 254211.44 m E,1604883.92 mN

Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.0596 8.9972 0.7046


54 253882.48 m E,1604378.38 mN

Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702


54 253783.42 m E,1604765.83 mN

Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702


54 253481.22 m E,1604614.05 mN

Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702


Page 182

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


Fuel StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity (m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


54 253881.62 m E,1604647.27 mN

Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702


Page 183

Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks


Page 184

Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks


Page 185

Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks


Page 186

Table 4-4DG Stack emission details

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)

Coordinates Temp(oc)

DGCapacityin KW

Fuelconsumption(Kg/h)

StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


38.97 255492.00 mE,1605978.00m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


38.97 255897.00 mE,1605596.00m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


38.97 255160.00 mE,1605587.00m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


38.97 255659.00 mE,1605769.00m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


38.97 255022.00 mE,1605424.00m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


20.16 254696.00 mE,1604725.00m N

132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


20.16 254282.00 mE,1604451.00m N

132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


Page 187

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


20.16 254396.98 mE,1604655.56m N

132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


20.16 255291.10 mE,1599892.98m N

132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133


20.16 255389.94 mE,1599617.86m N

132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133

11 Waste oil/drumsprocessingunits

11.08 253487.00 mE,1602807.00m N

126 24 3.66093 15 0.5 6.2 0.001 0.002415 0.018


11.08 253654.64 mE,1602664.35m N

126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018


11.08 254098.00 mE,1602873.00m N

126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018


11.08 254046.54 mE,1602763.03m N

126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018

15 Waste oil/drums

11.08 254069.00 mE,

126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018


Page 188

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

processingunits

1602689.00m N


10.91 253010.68 mE,1603058.59m N

138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018


10.91 253189.33 mE,1603188.50m N

138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018


10.91 252950.00 mE,1603201.00m N

138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018


10.91 252951.34 mE,1603134.46m N

138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018


10.91 252921.57 mE,1603017.49m N

138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018

21 Lubricatingoils

2 255167.83 mE,1598162.10m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

22 Lubricatingoils

2 255054.00 mE,1598128.00m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018


Page 189

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

23 Lubricatingoils

2 255003.50 mE,1598098.06m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

24 Lubricatingoils

2 254963.27 mE,1598066.23m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

25 Lubricatingoils

2 254977.86 mE,1598087.25m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

26 Lubricatingoils

2 254968.92 mE,1598078.93m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

27 Lubricatingoils

2 254956.48 mE,1598058.96m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

28 Lubricatingoils

2 254954.84 mE,1598063.92m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

29 Lubricatingoils

2 254960.27 mE,1598070.32m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

30 Lubricatingoils

2 255064.12 mE,

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018


Page 190

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1598029.47m N

31 Lubricatingoils

2 255006.90 mE,1598040.20m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

32 Lubricatingoils

2 254968.62 mE,1598040.82m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

33 Lubricatingoils

2 254978.27 mE,1598022.04m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

34 Lubricatingoils

2 254972.00 mE,1598051.00m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

35 Lubricatingoils

2 254960.50 mE,1598030.63m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

36 Lubricatingoils

2 254958.02 mE,1598021.36m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

37 Lubricatingoils

2 254955.03 mE,1598038.75m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018


Page 191

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

38 Lubricatingoils

2 254947.82 mE,1598027.94m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

39 Lubricatingoils

2 254935.25 mE,1598051.60m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

40 Lubricatingoils

2 254938.52 mE,1598042.93m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

41 Lubricatingoils

2 254973.94 mE,1598003.10m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

42 Lubricatingoils

2 255017.80 mE,1598026.78m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

43 Lubricatingoils

2 255013.76 mE,1598010.60m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

44 Lubricatingoils

2 254996.91 mE,1598001.72m N

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018

45 Lubricatingoils

2 255015.64 mE,

146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018


Page 192

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1598000.84m N

46 Industrialgases/Isolatedstorage

23.1 252744.92 mE,1603481.76m N

151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


23.1 252671.06 mE,1603382.97m N

151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


23.1 252754.88 mE,1603310.69m N

151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


23.1 252659.32 mE,1603306.65m N

151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


23.1 252621.04 mE,1603271.82m N

151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045

51 Paint Industry 38.86 255621.39 mE,1606482.46m N

136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133


136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133


Page 193

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133


136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133


136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133


18.21 256169.70 mE,1606310.78m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256045.30 mE,1606208.71m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 255890.45 mE,1606152.21m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256121.39 mE,1606458.31m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256268.02 mE,

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


Page 194

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1606397.09m N


18.21 255980.96 mE,1606038.54m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256105.20 mE,1606127.08m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256162.72 mE,1606218.97m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256060.10 mE,1605952.66m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


18.21 256226.09 mE,1606026.92m N

149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045

66 Foodprocessing

18.33 254893.59 mE,1603467.10m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

67 Foodprocessing

18.33 254673.73 mE,1603313.39m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074


Page 195

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

68 Foodprocessing

18.33 254961.44 mE,1603310.48m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

69 Foodprocessing

18.33 254626.14 mE,1603078.18m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

70 Foodprocessing

18.33 254940.81 mE,1603114.48m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

71 Foodprocessing

18.33 254758.02 mE,1602975.41m N

151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

72 Soft drinks 16.72 257207.36 mE,1604230.25m N

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

73 Soft drinks 16.72 257594.61 mE,1604189.05m N

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

74 Soft drinks 16.72 257570.01 mE,1604436.00m N

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

75 Soft drinks 16.72 257404.04 mE,

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074


Page 196

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1604084.49m N

76 Soft drinks 16.72 257226.67 mE,1604006.27m N

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074

77 Soft drinks 16.72 257532.03 mE,1604030.87m N

139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074


12.53 257918.00 mE,1604651.00m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257917.98 mE,1604519.52m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257817.06 mE,1604590.23m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257893.01 mE,1604433.33m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 258008.41 mE,1604569.55m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


Page 197

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


12.53 257995.07 mE,1604510.39m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257999.97 mE,1604454.81m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257824.79 mE,1604659.77m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257993.57 mE,1604625.70m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045


12.53 257805.77 mE,1604531.22m N

148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045

88 Agro basedunits

9.44 257848.79 mE,1604251.57m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

89 Agro basedunits

9.44 257798.14 mE,1604173.26m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

90 Agro basedunits

9.44 257757.38 mE,

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03


Page 198

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1604102.51m N

91 Agro basedunits

9.44 257905.30 mE,1604338.08m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

92 Agro basedunits

9.44 257757.52 mE,1604017.27m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

93 Agro basedunits

9.44 257754.00 mE,1604318.81m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

94 Agro basedunits

9.44 257644.46 mE,1604139.72m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

95 Agro basedunits

9.44 257781.82 mE,1604404.38m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

96 Agro basedunits

9.44 257805.99 m, 1604462.30m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

97 Agro basedunits

9.44 257959.17 mE,1604400.49m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03


Page 199

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

98 Agro basedunits

9.44 257875.00 mE,1604391.82m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

99 Agro basedunits

9.44 257831.87 mE,1604335.20m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

100 Agro basedunits

9.44 257963.68 mE,1604340.53m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

101 Agro basedunits

9.44 257972.05 mE,1604284.37m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

102 Agro basedunits

9.44 257947.58 mE,1604210.23m N

155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03

103 Textile 16.48 258208.83 mE,1605074.60m N

147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09

104 Textile 16.48 258377.68 mE,1605037.96m N

147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09

105 Textile 16.48 257319.96 mE,

147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09


Page 200

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1604646.95m N

106 Textile 16.48 257135.69 mE,1604617.37m N

147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09

107 Textile 16.48 257127.40 mE,1604557.69m N

147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09

108 Garments 6.48 258039.99 mE,1598466.95m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

109 Garments 6.48 258159.44 mE,1598408.31m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

110 Garments 6.48 258126.59 mE,1598342.96m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

111 Garments 6.48 258027.33 mE,1598381.53m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

112 Garments 6.48 258194.96 mE,1598354.48m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225


Page 201

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

113 Garments 6.48 258231.42 mE,1598299.17m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

114 Garments 6.48 258138.06 mE,1598299.99m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

115 Garments 6.48 258082.06 mE,1598281.16m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

116 Garments 6.48 258221.45 mE,1598238.32m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225

117 Garments 6.48 258105.91 mE,1598200.42m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225


75.18 257781.65 mE,1598556.09m N

156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33


75.18 255939.44 mE,1598221.25m N

156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33

120 Automobileparts

12.08 255020.00 mE,

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 202

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1598399.00m N

121 Automobileparts

12.08 255058.58 mE,1598311.36m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

122 Automobileparts

12.08 254914.30 mE,1598378.40m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

123 Automobileparts

12.08 254949.85 mE,1598335.01m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

124 Automobileparts

12.08 254899.41 mE,1598288.12m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

125 Automobileparts

12.08 257026.67 mE,1599608.03m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

126 Automobileparts

12.08 256722.92 mE,1599653.56m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

127 Automobileparts

12.08 257196.01 mE,1599743.29m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 203

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

128 Automobileparts

12.08 257137.48 mE,1599595.93m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

129 Automobileparts

12.08 256969.47 mE,1599725.88m N

146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256416.76 mE,1599605.00m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256329.67 mE,1599480.75m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256345.91 mE,1599531.60m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256551.81 mE,1599576.40m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256542.44 mE,1599497.08m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

135 Electricalmachinery

7.233 256518.56 mE,

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 204

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

parts 1599637.81m N


7.233 256380.62 mE,1599689.63m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256701.83 mE,1599547.01m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256858.77 mE,1599631.65m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


7.233 256877.91 mE,1599573.04m N

146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

140 Gems andjewellery

5.8375 258032.94 mE,1600028.13m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257845.28 mE,1599972.19m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257963.24 mE,1599864.54m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


Page 205

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


5.8375 257805.30 mE,1599857.45m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258021.33 mE,1599950.11m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257974.13 mE,1599930.43m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257862.42 mE,1599907.00m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257917.92 mE,1599969.47m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257919.98 mE,1599930.87m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257926.03 mE,1599900.18m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257905.44 mE,

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


Page 206

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1599880.87m N


5.8375 257859.60 mE,1599945.33m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257981.34 mE,1599903.58m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 257955.17 mE,1599885.63m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258346.93 mE,1600012.07m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258337.32 mE,1599874.66m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258260.74 mE,1599950.57m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258186.85 mE,1600012.71m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


Page 207

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


5.8375 258178.66 mE,1599908.88m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


5.8375 258587.66 mE,1599878.75m N

164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031


17 254958.89 mE,1600534.50m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 255192.01 mE,1600658.34m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254902.91 mE,1600689.34m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 255054.19 mE,1600511.13m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254947.59 mE,1600444.97m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254842.81 mE,

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


Page 208

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1600414.41m N


17.23 254990.90 mE,1600372.63m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254868.83 mE,1600330.14m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254832.93 mE,1600264.74m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


17 254784.66 mE,1600291.21m N

164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078


15.21 255554.64 mE,1600276.06m N

146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2


15.21 255390.00 mE,1600181.00m N

146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2


15.21 255257.08 mE,1600104.52m N

146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2


Page 209

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


15.21 255381.19 mE,1600023.43m N

146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2


15.21 255335.37 mE,1599996.43m N

146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2

175 Carbon Black 62.233333 255760.52 mE,1600159.47m N

146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33


146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33


146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33

178 Steel rerolling 5 255527.00 mE,1600210.00m N

152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

179 Steel rerolling 5.2 254514.89 mE,1604162.00m N

152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

180 Steel rerolling 5 254283.42 mE,

152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 210

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1604123.83m N


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 211

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

195 Steel rerolling 5 253431.77 mE,

152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 212

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

1603544.53m N


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

198 R and D units 10.774 255960.71 mE,1604945.60m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

199 R and D units 10.774 255731.40 mE,1604872.69m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

200 R and D units 10.774 255773.74 mE,1605179.08m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

201 R and D units 10.774 255688.13 mE,1605060.55m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

202 R and D units 10.774 255479.66 mE,1605201.03m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


Page 213

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

203 R and D units 10.774 255183.33 mE,1604841.51m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

204 R and D units 10.774 255070.47 mE,1604971.73m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

205 R and D units 10.774 255461.66 mE,1604936.52m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

206 R and D units 10.774 255454.90 mE,1604711.73m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039

207 R and D units 10.774 255903.50 mE,1604732.41m N

143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039


58.59 255914.00 mE,1600631.00m N

156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33


58.59 256151.00 mE,1600478.00m N

156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33

210 Petrochemicalbased

54.2 253951.01 mE,

159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2


Page 214

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

processing 1604895.99m N


54 254041.30 mE,1604727.28m N

159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2


54 253602.78 mE,1604694.50m N

159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2


54 253674.71 mE,1604585.72m N

159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2


54 253986.80 mE,1604536.70m N

159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2

215 CETP 19.61 255306.00 mE,1605745.00m N

126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16

216 CETP 19.61 253429.36 mE,1604841.18m N

126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16

217 CETP 19.61 257611.00 mE,1598903.00m N

126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16


Page 215

S.No IndustryType

Area(Acres)


DGCapacityin KW


StackHeight(m)

Stackdia(m)

velocity(m/s)

PM(g/sec)

SO2(g/sec)

NOx(g/sec)

218 CETP 19.61 256075.66 mE,1600763.91m N

126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16

219 TSDF 83.42 253429.36 mE,1604841.18m N

131 60 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16


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Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks


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Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks


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Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks


Andhra Pradesh

Page 219

Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacksParameters Baseline

data(µg/m3)(Maxconc)

EstimatedMaximum

IncrementalConcentration

(µg/m3)

PredictedMaximum

GLC (µg/m3)

NAAQstandard

g/m3

(24hrly)

Direction

PM 58.22 30 88.22 100 NW

SO2 15.68 60 75.68 80 NW

NOX 28.81 8 36.81 80 NW

Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks

Parameters Baselinedata

(µg/m3)

(Maxconc)

EstimatedMaximum


(µg/m3)

PredictedMaximum

GLC (µg/m3)

NAAQstandard

g/m3

(24hrly)

Direction

PM10 58.22 0.2 58.42 100 NW

SO2 15.68 0.4 16.08 80 NW

NOX 28.81 4 32.81 80 NW

Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks

Parameters

Baselinedata

(µg/m3)(Maxconc)

EstimatedMaximum

IncrementalConcentrationdue to utility

stacks (µg/m3)

EstimatedMaximum


due to DGstacks(µg/m3)

CombinedPredictedMaximum

GLC(µg/m3)

NAAQstandard

g/m3

(24hrly)

Direction

PM10 58.22 30 0.20 88.42 100 NW

SO2 15.68 60 0.40 76.08 80 NW

NOX 28.81 8 4.00 40.81 80 NW

As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed project are well

within the NAAQ Standards. However, individual industries will propose control measure to

reduce the emission levels.


Andhra Pradesh

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4.4.2 Noise environmentNoise pollution is caused due to the various activities which involves the vehicular movement,

D.G sets etc.

4.4.3 Water EnvironmentDuring the operation phase water requirement will be met from Adinimayapalli Reservoir. Hence

there will not be any abstraction of ground water in the project site. Disposal of domestic

wastewater generated may also affect the quality of groundwater in the project site. Impacts due

to effluent generation from the proposed industries will also affect the water quality. The industry

wise water pollution load is given in Table 4-8.


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Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load

S.No Industry Manpow

er

Domesticwater

requirement (KLD)

Processwater

Requirement (KLD)

Domesticwastewater (KLD)

Process

Wastewater(KLD)

Water Pollution Load

pH BODKg/day

CODKg/day

TSSKg/day

TDSKg/da

y

1 Synthetic Organic Chemicals(Pharma) 1000 60 2500 54 1750 6.5 -

7.5 5250 14000 2625 3500

2 Paint Industry 300 18 1000 16 800 5.5 -6.5 320 1600 240 1200

3 Dyes & Intermediates 500 30 4000 27 3200 5.5 -6.5 1280 6400 960 4800

4 Petrochemical basedprocessing 600 36 7500 32.4 5250 6.5 -

7.5 15750 42000 7875 10500

5 R & D Units 100 6 250 5.5 200 6.5 -7.5 80 400 60 300

6 Textile 100 6 2500 5.5 2250 5.5 -8.5 900 4500 675 3375

7 Food Processing 100 6 600 5.5 300 6.5 -7.5 900 2400 450 600

8 Soft drinks 100 6 600 5.5 300 7.5 -8.5 120 600 90 450

9 Milk Chilling and Diary 250 15 2000 13.5 1600 6.5 -7.5 4800 12800 2400 3200

10 Agro based units 150 9 225 8 202 6.0 -8.0 80 400 60 300

11 Glass Manufacturing 500 30 1000 27 800 7.5 -8.5 320 1600 240 1200

12 Automobile Parts 200 12 100 11 80 6.5 -7.5 30 160 24 120

13 Electrical Machinery Parts 200 12 100 11 80 6.5 -7.5 30 160 24 120

14 Garments 500 30 27

15 Gems & Jewellery 200 12 300 10.5 270 7.5 -8.5 110 540 81 405


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16 Industrial Carbon 100 6 500 5.5 350 6.0 -8.0 140 700 105 525

17 Carbon Black 300 18 6000 16.2 4200 7.5 -8.5 1680 8400 1260 6300

18 Metallurgical Industries 500 30 2500 27 2000 6.0 -8.0 800 4000 600 3000

19 Cement Manufacturing 200 12 1000 11 700 6.0 -8.0 280 1400 210 1050

20 Lead Acid batteries 150 9 1000 8 800 5.5 -6.5 320 1600 240 1200

21 Steel rerolling 400 24 400 21.5 320 6.5 -7.5 130 640 100 480

22 TSDF Facility 50 3 15 2.7 13.5 7.5 -8.5 5 30 5 20

23 Waste Oil / drums processingunits 50 3 100 2.5 90 5.5 -

8.5 35 180 30 135

24 Solvent recovery units 50 3 75 2.5 68 5.5 -8.5 30 140 20 102

25 CETP 50 3 40 2.5 32 5.5 -8.5 15 70 10 48

26 Industrial gases / IsolatedStorage 100 6 50 5.4 45 5.5 -

8.5 20 90 15 68

27 Lubricating oils 250 15 375 13.5 337 5.5 -8.5 135 680 100 506

Total 7000 420 34730 377.70 26037.5

5.5 -8.5 33560 105490 18499 43504



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4.4.4 Land EnvironmentDumping of municipal solid waste & industrial waste on the land will affect the soil quality.

Poor garbage management would lead to unsanitary conditions including vermin and fly

infestation and odors as well as unsightly conditions.Spillage of waste oil from the D.G set

may also have an impact on soil quality.

4.4.5 Biological EnvironmentThe impact on terrestrial ecology will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOX, SO2

and Hydrocarbons. The gaseous pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer

for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, they are injurious to vegetation. The release of

effluent and sewage, dumping of solid and hazardous waste will also affect the ecology of

the region.

4.4.6 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe proposed project would provide employment opportunities and improved working

conditions for the workers employed at the facility both during construction and operation

phase. The project will increase the economic activities around the area. The proposed

project would enhance the existing infrastructure in the area by providing a cleaner and

greener environment.

The negative effects due to the proposed project are given below

During the operation stage of the project the healthcare workers may come in

contact with the infected and contaminated instruments and needles.

Community Health Risk to Improper waste management.

4.4.7 Traffic Impact AssessmentApproach road to the site is Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road. Photograph of existing road is

given in Figure 4-9. Existing traffic on the road is given in Table 4-9.

Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road



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Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa RoadS.No. Type of Vehicle Existing/ hr

1 Tankers 1-2

2 Trucks 10-15

3 Tractors 2-3

4 Bus 10-15

5 Cars 20-30

6 2 Wheelers 50-60

7 3 wheeler (auto) 10-15

The vehicular movement based on the industry for the entire Industrial Park during full

operation is given inTable 4-10.

Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park

S.No Industry typeArea

Acres

App.No ofunits

Manpower

Cars2

wheelersTrucks Buses

3wheeler

1 Synthetic

Organic

chemicals

(Pharma)

194.85 5 1000 100 300 25 20

2 Paint Industry 194.32 5 300 50 100 15 5

3 Dyes and

Intermediates

182.18 10 500 15 100 10 3

4 Petrochemical

based

processing

270 5 600 100 200 25 10

5 R and D units 107.74 10 100 5 25 0 2

6 Textile 82.43 5 100 5 50 10 0

7 Food

processing

110 6 100 5 50 15 0

8 Soft drinks 100.35 6 100 5 25 15 2

9 Milk chilling

and Diary

125.38 10 250 10 50 20 5

10 Agro based

units

141.72 15 150 5 50 30 0

11 Glass

Manufacturing

150.36 2 500 15 75 10 10



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S.No Industry typeArea

Acres

App.No ofunits

Manpower

Cars2

wheelersTrucks Buses

3wheeler

12 Automobile

parts

120.88 10 200 5 100 10 0

13 Electrical

machinery

parts

72.33 10 200 5 100 10 0

15 Garments 64.85 10 500 10 100 15 5

16 Gems and

jewellery

116.75 20 200 10 100 0 5

17 Industrial

carbon

76.05 5 100 4 25 15 3

18 Carbon Black 186.7 3 300 15 75 25 5

19 Metallurgical

Industries

170 10 500 5 100 25 10

20 Cement

Manufacturing

117.19 2 200 4 75 15 2

21 Lead acid

batteries

100.84 5 150 5 50 10 10

22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 5 50 10 5

23 TSDF Facility 83.42 1 50 2 10 5 1

24 Waste oil/

drums

processing

units

55.4 5 50 3 20 10 0

25 Solvent

recovery units

54.56 5 50 3 20 10 0

26 CETP 78.45 4 50 5 10 1 0

27 Industrial

gases/ Isolated

storage

115.51 5 100 10 25 10 3

28 Lubricating oils 50.09 25 250 5 50 3 0

Total 3222.35 219 7000 411 1935 349 106 55

The vehicular movement per hour between 8.00 AM -9.00 AM alongPulivendrula –Kadapa

Road is given in

Table 4-11.



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Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour

S.No.

Type ofVehicle

Existingvehicles

/ hr

Existing PCU

Proposedvehicles/h

r

Proposed PCU

Totalvehicles after

projectimplemetatio

n

PCUFactors IRC

(SP 41)

Total PCUafter projectimplemetatio

n

1 Cars 25 25 250 250 275 1 275

2 2

wheelers

60 30 900 450 960 0.5 480

3 3 Wheeler 15 18 55 66 70 1.2 84

4 Tempo 10 14 100 140 110 1.4 154

5 Buses 15 33 70 154 85 2.2 187

6 Truck/Lorr

y

15 33 150 330 165 2.2 363

7 Tanker 2 8 10 40 12 4 48

8 Tractor 3 12 15 60 18 4 72

Total 145 173 1550 1490 1695 1663

Based on the traffic proposed for the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, the expected LOS

due to the project is given inTable 4-12.

Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project

For theRoad

Volume of Traffic V CExistingV/C Ratio

LOS Classification

Existing 173 173 3600 0.05 “A” Free Flow

Traffic

Proposed 173 + 1490 1695 3600 0.46 “A” Free Flow

TrafficDue to the proposed project, the traffic flow during peak hour will be free. There will not be any traffic

congestion on the State Highway due to the proposed project.

4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular MovementThe number of vehicles plying on road during the operation phase is estimated and

accordingly emissions were calculated as given in Table 4-13. BS IV Emission factors for

different vehicles are considered from ARAI and Diesel.netis considered for this estimation.

Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions

S.No

Type ofVehicle

Average speedof Vehicle

No of Vehicles.Emission Rate (g/s)

PM NOx



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(Km/Hr)1 2-Wheeler 30 1935 1.6125 13.061

2 3-Wheeler 30 54 0.038 0.18

3 4-Wheeler 30 411 0.129 1.507

4Trucks and

Buses30 455 0.1787 9.1716

Air dispersion modeling was carried out for vehicular sources using AERMOD and the

ground level concentrations plots were generated for Particulate matter given in Figure 4-10and NOx given in Figure 4-11and the results were shown below.

Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources



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Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sourcesConclusionFrom the above figure it can be observed that due to the movement of the predicted number

of vehicles (Total 2855 no.) the maximum concentration observed for particulate matter PM

is 9 µg/m3and NOxis 18.1µg/m3. From this it can be concluded that due to these vehicular

movement the impact of increase in ground level concentrations of PM and NOx are

minimum and well within the CPCB standards.

4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

The mitigation measures for Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the

surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below:

4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Development of Green belt with specific species will help in reduce the PM

levels to be carried out.

Informatory sign will be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain

their vehicle and follow the emission standards fixed by Government

Authorities.

Boilers



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All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters

then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.

Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB

Guidelines.

DG Sets

All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB

Guidelines.

Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set.

Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided

keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect

nearby residential areas.

Process Units

All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable

Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry

Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per

MoEF&CC guidelines or good Engineering practices with clear provision of

facilitating maximum dispersion.

Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further

treatment.

Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB

Guidelines.

4.5.2 Noise Environment Proper maintenance of the vehicles and record keeping will reduce the noise

levels.

The noise produced by the D.G sets will be minimized by providing proper

acoustic enclosures and isolating the D.G set at the receiver’s end.

4.5.3 Water Environment Efficient Rainwater Management Plan will be adopted to reduce the impact

due to surface runoff.

Two numbers of Common STP each of capacity 200 KLD and 300 KLD are

proposed to treat the sewage generated from the Industrial Park. The treated

sewage will be used for green belt development.

Four numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plant each of capacity 2000

KLD, 2500KLD, 10000 KLD and 12000KLD are proposed and the treated

effluent will be used in process/ utility within the park.



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Zero liquid discharge concept is proposed

Control Philosophy for pollutants Excursion

If any industry will give shock loads COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more

than 1200mg/l this will be controlled by implementing Online TOC meters at

each industries outlet.

The TOC analyzers will control and incase of higher values it will re-circulate

back into the industries guard ponds.

The above will ensure Normal working of CETP’s

Table 4-14 Summary of findingsImpact Description Summary of findings

Biophysical EnvironmentTopography Although permanent disturbance to the topography will

occur, appropriate mitigation measures like storm waterdrains and rainwater harvesting pits will be implementedto minimise the impact.

Soil, Land Use and Capability Land use of the site will be changed to industrial.Presently most part of the site is barren land with someshrubs. Hence no agricultural land is involved for theproject. Infrastructure facilities are proposed fordevelopment of Industrial Park.

Vegetation Collectively the site is a barren land with sparse bushesand some palm trees. The bushes will be removed but tothe maximum the trees will be kept as such. Further greenbelt will be developed using native plant species.

River/ Water bodies There are 8 water tanks located within the site Theestablishment of a storm water management system willensure that all surface water runoff from the site isappropriately directed to the existing water tanks at site.Water consumption will be limited by installing watersaving taps and dual flushing toilet systems. Waterconsumption will be reduced by collecting and utilisingrain water for gardening purposes. Apart from this CSTPand CETP are proposed to treat the wastewatergenerated from site and to avoid contamination of surface/ ground water. Reuse of treated sewage for green beltand treated effluent in utility is also proposed.

Air Quality and Noise The release of dust into the atmosphere duringconstruction activities was identified as a finding for airquality. The site will be barricaded and water sprinklingwill be done. During construction activities, noise will begenerated by vehicles, equipment and building activities,but will be mitigated by using proper signage boards,good quality equipments and using PPEs by workers.



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Impact Description Summary of findingsVisual Aspects The surrounding areas could experience potential visual

impacts. The design of the development will be line withthe aesthetics of the surrounding environment. UrbanDesign and building guidelines will be provided for newcommercial, mixed use and industrial development.

Waste The potential waste streams for the project were identifiedas domestic, hazardous, building and sewage waste. Theimpact of the waste streams would be minimized by therigorous mitigation measures that have been developedand the liquid waste will be treated separately in CETP/CSTP. Municipal Solid wastes will be composed at siteand used as manure. Hazardous wastes will be sent toTSDF facility.

Odour Odours from chemical toilets on site for construction staffwill be minimized by ensuring that the toilets are cleanedand maintained properly.

Spillage and incidents There is a potential for spillages, incidents, fires andexplosions due to the construction activities. Proceduresand specific mitigation measures would need to be drawnup to minimise and/or eliminate the possibility ofcontaminating the soil, surface and groundwaterenvironments and ensure the protection of the employeesworking at site.

Socio-Economic EnvironmentEmployment The project has the potential to provide employment for

local contractors. The Industrial Park development willgenerate6000 to 7000 as direct jobs and 25,000 to30,000indirect jobs.

Population Changes There should be minimum changes to the populationdynamics of the area asit is recommended that all labourfor the project is sourced locally.

Security and Social During the construction phase there is a possibility ofsocial ills such as crime, the spread of HIV/AIDS etc. Toprevent the manifestation of these problems suitablemitigation will be put in place.

Traffic Due to construction activities there is a possibility ofdisruptions to traffic flow in the area. With theestablishment of the development there will be increasedpressure on the existing road network. To alleviate thepressure, the road network improvements would be madefor free movement of vehicles.

Safety The safety of the public and construction staff would bemaintained with adequate safety measures areimplemented

Housing It needs to be ensured that the development captures the



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Impact Description Summary of findingshousing demand in the area.

Energy Consumption With the consumption of energy it has beenrecommended that renewable and or alternative energysources (where possible and practical and sustainable) beoutlined in the conditions of establishment andencouraged to be utilised by the contractors.

4.6 Impact Assessment

A number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each of these

techniques has their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of any of these

techniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice of judgment of the

analysis. The technique chosen should be comprehensive, easy to understand, systematic

and flexible. Considering these criteria, for this project, the matrix method was used, with an

impact scale of -4 to + 4.

4.6.1 Matrix methodImpact identification and assessment of the site can be assessed by the matrix method,

popularly known as Leopold matrix method, which is a universal tool for the EIA studies. The

matrix used for the EIA consists of project activities on the x-axis and the environmental

components likely to be affected by these activities on the y-axis. Each cell of the matrix

represents a subjective evaluation of the impact of the particular components, in terms of

magnitude importance. A blank cell indicates no impact of the activity on the component. The

magnitude (m) is represented by a number from 1-4 where,

1= Minimal

2= Appreciable

3= Significant

4= Severe

A positive sign indicates a beneficial impact and the negative sign indicates an adverse

impact. The importance (w) of the impact is given on a scale of 1-4 in each cell. This number

indicates the relative importance of the impact of the activity on the concerned component for

this project. The magnitude and importance are multiplied to give a score for each cell

(mijwij). The scores of individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of

all project activities on each component. Similarly, the scores in individual cells in each row

are added to determine the total impact of each activity on all the environmental components

likely to be affected. The grand total of all cells indicate the total project impact. This can be

represented by the following equation:



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Total project impact= mijwij

Where mij = (positive or negative) magnitude of the jth activity on the ith environmental

component and wij = importance of the jth activity on the ith environmental component

Since both m and n vary from 1-4 the total score in each cell can theoretically vary between -

16 and +16, therefore the total project impact can vary between (-16*total number of cells in

the matrix) and (16*total number of cells in the matrix), to compare scores from the matrices

containing different number of cells, the total project score can be normalized to a scale of

100 as follows:

Total project impact

Total project impact = -------------------------------------------- * 100

16 * Total number of cells in matrix

On the scale, the overall impact can be classified as follows:

Table 4-15Overall Impact ClassificationTotal project impact (Scale of 100) Magnitude

-100 to –75 Severely adverse

-75 to –50 Significantly adverse

-50 to -25 Appreciably adverse

-25 to -16 Minimally adverse

-15 to -6 Low Adverse Impact

-5 to 0 Extremely low adverse impact

0 to 25 Minimally beneficial

25 to 50 Appreciably beneficial

50to 75 Significantly beneficial

75 to 100 Highly beneficial

4.6.2 Alternative ScenariosImpact score for the project was calculated for three scenarios using the matrix method

described above. Matrices were prepared to represent each of these scenarios:

a) Scenario 1 - No ProjectThis scenario considers that there is no industry takes place in the area. The existing

activities in the area and the consequent secondary growth were also considered in

evaluating the impact in this “No project” scenario.



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Table 4-16 No-Project ScenarioEnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected

Activities likely to affect Environmental Components

ConstructionActivities

Process Solid/Hazardouswaste

Impacts oncomponents

Air Quality Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6

Importance 3 3 3

Noise and

Vibration

Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6

Importance 3 3 3

Surface

water quality

Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 4 4 4

Ground

water quality

Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 4 4 4

Water

Resources

Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8

Importance 4 4 4

Soil Quality Magnitude 0 0 -1 -3

Importance 3 3 3

Flora and

Fauna

Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 2 2 2

Land use

Pattern

Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 4 4 4

Employment Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 4 4 4

Total impact of activity -23

Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -5.3

The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –5.3, which is extremely low

adverse impact.

b) Scenario 2 - Project without EMPProposed industrial park takes place without any Environmental Management measures.

Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMPEnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected





Air Quality Magnitude -2 -3 -3 -24



Page 235

EnvironmentalComponents likely to beaffected





Importance 3 3 3

Noise and

Vibration

Magnitude 2 2 1 15

Importance 3 3 3

Surface

water quality

Magnitude -3 -3 -1 -28

Importance 4 4 4

Ground

water quality

Magnitude -2 -3 -4 -36

Importance 4 4 4

Water

Resources

Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8

Importance 4 4 4

Soil Quality Magnitude -2 -2 -3 -21

Importance 3 3 3

Flora and

Fauna

Magnitude -1 0 0 -2

Importance 2 2 2

Land use

Pattern

Magnitude 0 0 0 0

Importance 4 4 4

Employment Magnitude 2 1 1 16

Importance 4 4 4

Total impact of activity -88

Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -20.37

The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –20.37, which is minimally adverse

impact.

c) Scenario 3 - Project with EMPProposed industrial park takes place with proper Environmental Management measures.

Table 4-18 Project with EMPEnvironmental

Components likely to beaffected



Process Solid/Hazardous waste

Management

Impacts oncomponent

s

Air Quality Magnitude -1 -2 -1 -12Importance 3 3 3



Page 236

EnvironmentalComponents likely to be

affected



Process Solid/Hazardous waste

Management

Impacts oncomponent

s

Noise andVibration

Magnitude -1 -1 0 -6Importance 3 3 3

Surfacewater quality

Magnitude 1 1 1 12Importance 4 4 4

Groundwater quality


WaterResources

Magnitude -1 -3 0 -16Importance 4 4 4

Soil Quality Magnitude -1 0 -1 -6Importance 3 3 3

Flora andFauna


Landscape Magnitude 1 1 2 16Importance 4 4 4

Employment& socioeconomics


Total impact of activity 43Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 5

There is minimally adverse impact on Air, water, soil & noise quality. However due to the

employment activities proposed by the proponent the cumulative impact for this scenario is

found to be 5, which is beneficial to the Environment. The main objective of the proposed

project is to bring the economically viable production of industries and use it beneficially.



Page 237

CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES



Page 238

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY ANDSITE)

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or

minimize the impacts that would be inevitable in technically advanced processes. Screening

procedure for the alternatives considered is discussed in the following sections. The

consideration of alternatives to a proposal is a requirement of the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) report.

Alternative site selection has involved some analysis methods. Different criteria’s are used

and followed to select the alternative site.

Finalization of various options such as construction materials, keeping in view of the

essential points and environmental safety aspects and well connectivity to Railway network,

Road network, Airport and Seaport are considered. The alternative site selections with

mitigation measures and without mitigation measures are calculated and analyzed before

choosing the proposed site alternatives. The objective of this chapter is to highlight some of

the salient issues considered for exercising the alternative options.

5.2 History and Background of site selection

The proposed site and the land had been acquired in the year 2014 under APIIC. Clearance

from MoEF&CC is required for further development of the site.

5.3 Site Selection

There is no alternative site examined. Because APIIC has already finalized the areas and the

Mega Industrial Park is located adjacent to the state highway and railway. Availability of

airport is additional added advantages for the business and socio economic development

and improvement for the district.

The proposed site at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram

and Rampathadu has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh.

The site finalization is based on the following parameters:

a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed mega industrial park.b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures.c) Skilled man power available in Kadapa district.

Thus the selection of the site is justified.



Page 239

5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – need basis

Under this alternative, the Government of Andhra would retain the land such time as

industries desiring to locate on the site have been identified.

5.5 Project Alternatives

The site with an area of 6553.04 Acres is proposed for development of Industrial Park where

various industries will be set up. There is no alternative considered for this project.

5.6 Current Proposal

As the proposed Mega Industrial Park, the land identified for industrial unit by APIIC, there is

no alternative sites analysed as stated in section 5.3.

However based on the current set up the following are the advantages of the site:

• 100% Land is under possession of APIIC

• No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC

• Site is well connected by road, rail and airway

• Nearest Highway Located at ~10km distance connecting NH-18 and SH-31

• Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is

proposed as water source.

• Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Mega Industrial

Park.

Moreover this is now identified as one of the very biggest industrial park in Kadapa. This

Industrial Park is a focused area for major development and also for future investment.

5.7 Result of the Analysis

The current site is an earmarked mega industrial park by APIIC. Therefore no further site

analysis has been carried out under this EIA.



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CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME



Page 241

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 Introduction

In this chapter, environmental monitoring programme for the proposed Mega Industrial Park

(MIP) is formulated. Environmental Monitoring Programme is an important component during

environmental management of the project. The mechanism to implement the planned

mitigation and monitoring measures during all stages of the project is discussed in Chapter9. The project management especially the Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

(described in Chapter 9) will always go for a rational approach with regard to environmental

monitoring. This includes judicious decision making in consultation with institutional

stakeholders (e.g. Andhra Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (APPCB) or reputed

environmental consultants for appropriate changes in the monitoring strategy, i.e., changes

in the sampling frequency, sampling location, monitoring parameters and any new/additional

requirements.

Considering the water resources system for irrigation and drinking water, any contamination

of the surface water could endanger the portability of drinking water. Therefore it is for the

best interest of the project that a workable institutional mechanism for environmental

monitoring especially to preserve and conserve the surface water and groundwater

component in this region from industrial contamination. Referring to the baseline details in

Chapter 3, water resources in PIA has as many as 42 water bodies all non-perennial and

acting as recharge sites for the groundwater. Groundwater being the most important poor

man’s resources the protection of this system from contamination is the responsibility of the

APIIC and GoAP.

Therefore, environmental monitoring is proposed with higher number of water quality

monitoring station in an industrial park within an area of few square kilometres within MIP.

The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program:

Provide information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures

and impacts.

Tool for the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden

changes in the environmental condition due to the proposed project.

Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of

implemented mitigation measures.

Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus

validate impact prediction techniques.



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The efficacy of the mitigation measures being followed during construction

and operational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised,

made more stringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results.

Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic

environmental regulatory auditing program for the proposed project.

Coordination with local bodies with regards to solid waste management.

The following programme as detailed in the environmental monitoring

programme for construction as well as operation phases shall be implemented

by the APIIC authorities. Besides monitoring, the compliances to all

environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from

APPCB/MoEF&CC shall be monitored and reported periodically. The likely

significant impacts and mitigation measures will also be monitored.

The environmental attributes to be monitored during construction and

operational phases of the project, specific description along with technical

details of environmental monitoring including the monitoring parameters,

methodology, sampling locations and frequency of monitoring are presented in

Section below.

The environmental monitoring programme proposed to be followed by

Kopparthy MIP authority has been formulated in Table 6-1. In addition to this

Environmental Monitoring Programme, individual industries shall monitor all

environmental parameters such as air quality, noise levels, treated

wastewater, water quality, etc., within their industry premises as per the

stipulations laid by SEIAA/MoEF&CC/CPCB/APPCB in their respective

Environmental Clearance, Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for

Operation (CFO).


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Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeS.No Environmental

AttributesParameters tobe monitored

No. of SamplingLocations

FrequencyofMonitoring

Standards Methods forSampling & Analysis

Compliance

Construction Phase1 Ambient Air

QualityAll the 12Parameters asgiven in NAAQs

Eight Locations Kopparthy (site) Thollaganganapalle

(site) Ambavaram (site) Baligi palli (SE) Putha

chinnayapalle (N) Rampathadu (Site) Vellatur (SW) Paidikalva (NW)

Once amonth duringconstruction

Fine Particulate Samplers forPM10, PM2.5, Respirable DustSampler fitted with Gaseoussampling arrangements forSO2, NO2, , CO analyser/portable CO meter for CO.

National Ambient AirQuality Standardsreleased duringNovember, 2009 isgiven in Table 1-3

2 Noise Levels Day and nightnoise levels

Eight Locations Kopparthy (site) Thollaganganapalle

(site) Ambavaram(Site) Baligi palli (SE) Putha

chinnayapalle (N) Rampathadu (Site)

Once amonthduringconstruction

Portable hand-held noise levelmeter.

National AmbientNoise Standards isgiven in Table 1-2


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S.No EnvironmentalAttributes

Parameters tobe monitored




Compliance

Vellatur (SW) Paidikalva (NW)

3 Water Quality Physical,Chemical andBiological

In addition to theabove, Alpha,Beta emitters(surface water)

Groundwater - 8Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha

chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur PaidikalvaSurface water - 4Locations Ambavaram Lake Viswanathapuram

Lake Cherlopalle lake Utukur lake

Once amonth duringconstruction

Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.

IS10500, 2012drinking waterstandards forGroundwater which isgiven as Annexure -10

Designated Best UseClassification ofInland Surface Waterof National RiversConservationDirectorate,MoEF&CC forSurface Water isgiven as Annexure -11

4 Soil Soil texture,type, electricalconductivity, pH,

Eight Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle

Once a yearduringconstruction

Collection and analysis ofsamples as per IS 2720

Baseline data, Soilstandards by IndianCouncil of Agricultural


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Compliance

infiltration,porosity, etc.,

Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha

chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva

Research, New Delhiis given as Annexure-12

4 Meteorology Wind speed,wind direction,rainfall,temperature,humidity.

Project Site Hourlymeasurementduringconstruction

IMD/CPCB manual -

Operation Phase1 Ambient Air

QualityAll 12Parameters asgiven inNAAQS,Hydrocarbons

Eight locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha


Twice a week Fine Particulate Samplers forPM10, PM2.5, Respirable DustSampler fitted with Gaseoussampling arrangements for forSO2 and NO2, O3, COanalyser /portable CO meterfor CO

National Ambient AirQuality Standardsreleased duringNovember, 2009given in Table 1-3


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Compliance

2 Noise Levels Day and nightnoise levels

Eight Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha


Once amonth

Portable hand-held noise levelmeter.

National AmbientNoise Standards,given in Table 1-2

3 Water Quality Physical,Chemical andBiological

In addition to theabove, Alpha,Beta emitters(surface water)

Groundwater – 8Locations Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha

chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur PaidikalvaSurface water – 4Locations

Once amonth


IS10500, 2012drinking waterstandards forGroundwater which isgiven as Annexure-10

Designated Best UseClassification ofInland Surface Waterof National RiversConservationDirectorate,


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Compliance

Ambavaram Lake Viswanathapuram

Lake Cherlopalle lake Utukur lake

MoEF&CC forSurface Water givenas Annexure -11

4 Soil Soil texture,type, electricalconductivity, pH,infiltration,porosity, etc.,

Eight (08) Kopparthy Thollaganganapalle Ambavaram Baligi palli Putha

chinnayapalle Rampathadu Vellatur

Once amonth

Collection and analysis ofsamples as per IS 2720

Baseline data, Soilstandards by IndianCouncil of AgriculturalResearch, New Delhiis given asAnnexure-12

5 Meteorology Wind speed,wind direction,rainfall,temperature,humidity.

Project Site Hourlymeasurement

IMD/CPCB manual -

6 Effluent Quality-CETP inlet andoutlet

pH, Temp,Conductivity,TSS, TDS,

Inlet and outlet of 4nos. of CETP

Daily Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.

EnvironmentProtectionAmendment Rules,


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Compliance

BOD, O&G,Phenolics,AmmoniacalNitrogen, O & G

2015 given asAnnexure -13

7 SewageQuality- CSTPinlet and outlet

pH, TSS, TDS,O&G, BOD,COD

inlet and outlet of 2nos. of CSTP

Daily Grab sampling and analysisby using standard methods.

8 Sewage sludge Heavy metals,nutrients,Physicochemicalproperties

Sludge from 2 nos. ofCSTP

Once in amonth


Note:

Apart from this all process units will be provided with online monitors for continuous monitoring of process stacks.

TOC meter will be provided at each industry outlet for normal working of CETP.


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6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring

The budgetary allocation for Environmental Monitoring is detailed in Table 6-2

Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental MonitoringS.No

Particulars Frequency ofmonitoring

No. oflocations

Rate persample

(Rs)

Budget perYear (Rs.)

1. Air pollution monitoringAmbient air quality Once a month 8 6000/- 5,76,000/-

2 MeteorologySetting up ofpermanentMeteorologicalStation at site

Hourly 1 3,00,000/- 3,00,000/-

3. Noise monitoringDay and night timenoise levels

Once in a month 8 500/- 48,000/-

4. Ground water quality monitoringWater samples fromtube wells/ wells/ borewells

Once a month 8 7000/- 6,72,000/-

5. Surface Water Quality MonitoringWater samples fromlakes/ streams etc

Once a month 4 3,36,000/-

6. Soil Quality monitoringSamples from soil Once a month 8 7000/- 7,68,000/-

7. Effluent Quality MonitoringInlet and outlet ofCETP

Daily 4 3000/- 43,80,000/-

Inlet and out let ofSTP

Daily 2 1500/- 10,95,000/-

8. Sewage sludge MonitoringSludge generatedfrom CSTP

Once a month 2 5000/- 1,20,000/-

Total Budget for Environmental Monitoringthrough external Agency

82,95,000/-

During construction phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs.27,00,000/-

During operation phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 82, 95,000/-


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6.3 Monitoring by APIIC

The environmental monitoring shall be carried out by APIIC within the Industrial Park premises.

Monitoring guidelines will clearly indicate the conditions of discharge and the consequences

with regards to the penal action and the impact to ground water resources of the region.

Groundwater is the sole water source for millions of people in the adjoining areas. APIIC should

not only limit the environmental monitoring as stated above, environmental monitoring

programme in terms of parameters, location and frequency shall be formulated as per the

stipulations laid by APPCB/CPCB/MoEF&CC/SEIAA.

6.4 Compliance Reports

As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance reports shall be

submitted to APPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.

Half yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated prior environmental

clearance terms and conditions on June 01 and December 01 of every calendar

year

Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to

APPCB on or before September 30 every year

Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste if any in Form-3 as per

Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement)

Rules, 2008

Format for maintaining hazardous waste imported and exported in Form-10 as

per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement)

Rules, 2008

Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals shall be maintained as per schedule-

9 of MSIHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000)

Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC

rules, 1989 (amended 2000)

Water Cess returns in Form-1 as per Rule 4 (1) of Water (Prevention & Control of

Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 on or before the 5th of every calendar month.

6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme

Environmental Management Cell/team will monitor the following activities of greenbelt and

landscape development:


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Development of nursery (if possible)

Treatment and sowing of seeds

Watering

Transport of seedlings

Planting of seedlings-Fencing of plantation area

Weeding and soil working

Pruning (trimming of plant)

Replacement/Inter planting

Watch and ward of plantation

During operation phase periodic monitoring of plantation growth, manuring, watering, pruning,

and replacement will be performed in order to properly maintain vegetation, greenbelt,

landscape and green cover. It is suggested to plant shrubs or plants with 1 or 2 m height in

utility corridor to avoid bird nesting/resting on the plants.

6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements

On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety

procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals

enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster management plan.

Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:

Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan

Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for the

unforeseen event

Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment are being maintained at

MIP premises

To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, APIIC authority/EHS department/EMP

cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:

Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)

Power break down

Oil spill

Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks

Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other

department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the

outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more


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efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this is of

utmost importance.


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CHAPTER-7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES


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7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement

As per the land documents enclosed in the Report (Annexure-1), the entire land has been

handed to APIIC for development of Industrial park and there is no R and R applicable for the

project. The GO stating that R and R is not applicable for Industrial Corridor dated 29/01/2015 is

enclosed in Annexure-14.

7.2 Disaster Management

Accident can occurin every industry inspite of efforts to prevent them. Frequently they give rise to

suffering and damage, the extent of which is, in part, determined by the potential for loss,

surrounding the event. Someof the industries comingup in the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy

have high potential for loss and there have been cases, where loss, measured inboth human and

monetary terms, has been severe. It is equally true to say that there have been other cases

where, because of effective action taken at the time, the full potential loss has been largely

avoided. Effective action, in these cases, has been possible due to the existence of pre-planned

and practiced procedures for handling majore mergencies utilizing the combined resources of the

industrial concernand outside services.

Section 41-B(4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a Hazardous and

Non-hazardous factor shall draw up and onsite emergency plan and detailed disaster control

measures for the factory and make known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity,

the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an emergency takingplace.

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

The individual Industries will have their own disaster management plan. However the generic

DMP is been given below:

Despite of all efforts made accidents do occur which need immediate attention.The risks

involved in this project have been identified and their mitigation measures have been proposed.

But when serious accidents occur & negligence could resultin lossof life the whole thing has

tobe handled in a systematic well planned manner. Accordingly following plan of disaster

management has been evolved.


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7.3.1 MajoractivitiesBroadly Disaster ManagementPlanmainlyincludes

Pre- EmergencyPreparedness,

Emergency actions and

Post Emergency activities

These activities are aimed at facing any emergency so that at the required time there is no

disaster and everything is handled in a very effective manner.

a. Pre-emergency preparedness

The activities falling inthis category are carried out in a normal situation without any reference to

any particular accident/ hazard. They are of a precautionary nature.These normally included:o Internalsafety

o Non-destructivetesting

o Firefighting system testing

o Mockdrillso Training

o Productive equipment

o Communication

o Emergencylights

o Emergency control Room

o Assembly points

o Liaison with state authorities

o Hospital activities

o Outside shelters

b. Emergency actions

During emergency the staff at various levels is expected to work in coordinated manner with

pre-assigned duties to meet the emergency situation and bring normally with the help of the

resources available within and outside the premises. Availability and correct use of different

means of communication and control is very important during emergency time. Duties of various

persons shall be defined properly.

c. Post Emergency Procedures

After the emergency is over investigations are required to be made to establish the reasons for

emergency and preventative measures needed for future happenings. These activities include:

a) Collection of records

b) Conducting enquiries


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c) Making insurance claims, if any,

d) Preparation of enquiry report and suggestion

e) Implementation of enquiry report and recommendations

f) Rehabilitation of affected persons.

7.3.2 EmergencyPlanThis includes following actions

a. Site layout

Site plan of the Plant will be kept at a conveniently approachable place. The plan will show the

storage site of the various materials along with the details of the surrounding areas. This gives a

layout of the Buildings and other facilities like roads, open and work areas etc.

b. Emergency control centre

The Control Centre will be established within the premises which will be marked on the site

plan. It will be the focal point from where all operations to handle the emergency will be directed

and coordinated. It will have internal and external telephone communications along with list of

essential telephone numbers and list of key persons and their addresses.

c. Assembly point

Assembly area will be earmarked for the people to get together in case of emergency which will

be away from material storage. A list of all the employees will be available at this site so that

their roll call could be taken and missing person, if any, could be located.

d. Emergency alarm system

An audible emergency alarm system will be installed in the premises. It will be operated from at

least 4 different points spread over the entire area and clearly marked as “Emergency Area

Switch”. The system will be tested regularly. The alarm will signify to the persons & staff that the

emergency has occurred and emergency services should be put in operation. The Public

Address System will also be activated and specific instructions for eventualities will be passed

on to the staff.

e. Service & control

a) Emergency Services-This includes Firefighting, FirstAid and rescue teams.

Alternative source of power supply for operating fire pumps and communication

with local bodies and fire brigade etc shall be given.


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b) ControlCentre-The control centre couldbe either in Security room or Fire Station

and shall have:

i) Adequate number of Internal and external telephones.

ii) Layout Plan of the colony buildings showing:o Sources of safety equipment.

o Fire hydrant system and alternate supply source

o Stock of other fire fighting materials

o Assembly points & first aid centers.

o Surrounding habitation within ½ km distance.

iii) Additional work plans which may illustrateduring emergencyo Areas vulnerable / endangered

o Deployment of emergency vehicles and personnel

o Areas where particular problems arise e.g. fractured pipe-line.

o Areas to be evacuated.

iv) It would be useful if these plansbe covered with plastic/ glass sheets on which felt ink

markings canbe deciphered.

v) Normal roll of employees.

vi) List of key persons and their addresses with telephone numbers.

vii) Notepads, pencils, etc to record messages receivedand instructions to be passed on

through runners.

viii) A tape recorder on which the incident and actions, being taken and progress could be

recorded.

ix) Rollcall

7.3.3 Key personnel and their dutiesFollowing person’s will be designated for emergency situation

a.Site Controller

b.Incident Controller

c. Personnel/ Administrative Managers

d. Communication Officers

e.Telephone operator

f. E n g i n e e r in charge and Electrician

g. Firepump attendants

h. First Aid


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Their duties are given as under:-

Site controller

General Manager or his nominated deputy will retain overall responsibility for the premises and

its personnel. As soon as he is informed of the emergency, he shall proceed to the control room

and meet the communication officer. His duties shall be:

i) Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if people need to be evacuated

from their assembly points.

ii) Exercise direct operational control over are as other than the sea ffected.

iii) Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess, in consultation with

incident Controller and other key personnel, as to whether evacuation of persons is

required.

iv) Liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, Medical and provide advice

onpossible effectson areas outside the factory premises.

v) Control rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation ofemergency.

vi) Issue authorized statementsto news media, and ensures that evidenceis preserved for

enquiries to be conducted by statutory authorities.

Incident controllerManager or Officer of similar rank nominated will act as Incident Controller. On hearing of an

emergency he will rush to the incident point and take overall charge and report to site controller.

On arrival he will assess the scale of emergency and decide if major emergency exists or is

likely and inform the communication officer accordingly. His duties willbe:

i) Direct all operations within the affected area with the priorities forsafetyof personnel

minimize damage, property and environment and minimize loss of materials.

ii) Pending arrival of Site Controller, assume the duties ofhis post and in particular

directthe evacuationofthe persons from areas likely to be adversely affected bythe

emergency and

iii) Ensurethat all key personnel and outside help is called in.

iv) Provide advice and information of the Fire and Security officer and the local Fire Service

as and whenthey arrive.

v) Ensure that all non-essential workers/ staff of the areas affected are evacuated to the

appropriate assembly points and the areas are searched for casualties.

vi) In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby PAS and Internal telephones, setup

communication point and establish contact with Emergency Control Centre.


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vii) Report on all significant developments to the communication officer.

viii) Have regard to the need of preservation of evidence so asto facilitate any enquiry into

the causes and circumstances which caused or escalated the emergency.

Personnel / Administrative Manager

Hewill also workas Liaison Officer and will be stationed at the main entrance (GateHouse)

during the emergency. He will under the direction of the site controller, handle police, press and

other enquiries, receive reports from roll-call leaders from assembly points and passon the

absentee information to the incident controller.His responsibilities shall include.

i) To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention/ to arrange additional help, if

required and inform relatives.

ii) To control traffic movements into the premises and ensuring that the alternate

transport is available when need arises.

iii) When emergency is prolonged, arrange for there life of personnel and organize

refreshments / catering facility.

Communication officer

He will, on hearing the alarm, proceed to Control Centre and maintain communication

with the Incident Controller. He will:-

i) Advise the Site Controller of the situation,recommending (if necessary)

evacuation of persons from assembly points.

ii) Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and himself

if the telephone and other system of communication fails due to whatsoever

reasons.

iii) Maintain prior agreed inventory in the control centre.

iv) Maintain a log of the incident on tape.

v) In case of prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by wind-blown

materials – contact local meteorological office to receive early notification of changes

in weather conditions.

Telephone operator

On hearing the emergency alarm, he will immediately contact site controller and on his advice

call the local Fire Brigade or mutual aid scheme members. In case the PAS, Internal / external

telephone system becomes inoperative he shall inform the Communication Officer through a

messenger / runner. In case fire is detected and the alarm is not in operation, he shall receive


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information about location from the person who detected the fire and thereafter immediately

consult the Incident Controller and make announcement on PAS or telephone telling the

residents about location of the incident and to evacuate to their assembly points. He will

continue to operate the switch board advising the callers that staffs are not available and pass

all calls connected with the incident to the Communication Officer.

Engineer in-charge and electrician

They will report to the scene of the incident and close down the services as requested by the

Incident Controller.

Fire – pump attendants

Two persons identified will work as fire-pump attendants. On hearing the fire alarm, they will

immediately proceed to pump house to ensure that pumps are operating and stand by to

maintain them. At the end of emergency they will be relieved of their duty by the Fire and

Security officers.

First aid teams

The Manager shall keep the roll call lists for the Fire and First-aid team on duty. Roll call leaders

shall check their rolls as members of the services and report for emergency duty. Names of any

unaccounted for absentees will be informed to the Fire and Security Officer. Members of the

First – aid teams will report to the Incident Controller on hearing of the alarm and follow his

directions.

Factory fire brigade personnel

The duty Fire – Brigade personnel under the command of the Fire and Security Officer shall be

responsible for fire fighting and rescue. On hearing the alarm, they shall proceed to the place of

incident, if known, otherwise to the Fire station. The men at Fire station shall find out the

location of the emergency, the equipment and proceed to the site of occurrence. At the site, all

the squad members will respond to the direction given by the Incident Controller.

7.4 Public Hearing

As per the EIA notification 2006 and its subsewquent amendments, Public Hearing (PH) is

mandatory for getting Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC for establishment of Industrial

Park. As a ToR point, public hearing was conducted under the Chairmanship of the joint Collector

and Additional District Magistrate, assisted by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board officials

on 04-08-2017 at 10 AM at proposed project site of M/s. APIIC Ltd (for development of Industrial


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Park) at Kopparthy (V), Chinthakomma Dinne (M), Yadavapuram, Tollaganganapalli villages of

Vallur (M) and Ambavaram, Rampathadu villages of Pendlimarri (M) of YSR District, Andhra

Pradesh. APIIC Zonal office, YSRKadapa, issues a paper notification in the news papers of

“THE HINDU & EENADU papers on 03-07-2017 is attached in the Figure 7-1. Public Hearing

photographs are given in Figure 7-2.

Figure 7-1: Paper Notification in the news papers


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Figure 7-2: Public Hearing Photographs

Major issues discussed were about land compensation, better compensation rates, Employment

for land losers and suggesting non- polluting & less odour polluting industreis. The Minutes of


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Public Hearing is enclosed in Annexure-15. Replies to queries raised by public during Public

Hearing are given in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Public Hearing Query & Reply

S. No Public Query APIIC Reply1 Sri C. Janardhan Reddy, R/O Kopparthy

village, while speaking on the occasioninformed that Govt. has taken over theirlands of an extent 50 acres for developmentof MIP, so far govt have not paid anycompensation to their lands stating that thesaid lands have been classified as dotlands. He also expressed his un-happinesson the amounts paid by the Govt towardscompensation i.e, Rs.1,14,000/-for DKTlands and Rs 2.0 Lakh for Patta lands. Hefinally brought the following suggestions tothe notice of public hearing panel.

1) Requested to enhance thecompensation to the land losers fromGovt.

2) Requested to establish pollution freeindustries in the Mega Industrial park

Joint collector informed that she wouldverify the records and assured himjustice regarding payment madetowards compensation to the acquiredlands.

2 Sri R.Obul Reddy, r/o Ambavaram villagewhile speaking on the occasion informedthat Govt has taken over their lands of anextent 40 acres belonging to 6 people fromtheir family for development of MIP, so farGovt have not paid any compensation totheir lands as the said lands have beenclassified as dot lands.

Joint collector informed him that themain demand of land compensationissues will be examined.

3 Sri.Y.Obul Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village,while speaking on the occasion expressedhis un-happiness on payments paid by theGovernment towards land compensation.He requested the management to providesuitable jobs for the land losers and alsorequested to make sure that pollution freeindustries may be established in the MegaIndustrial park.

The local people and land oustees willbe accorded priority for employment inthe proposed Industrial Park. Secondly,the surrounding villages will be givenpreference in employment also. List ofIndustries specified in the EIA reportonly allowed within the MIP. Allotmentalso will be done by APIIC as per the listspecified in the report.

4 Sri. K. Sivareddy, r/o Diguva Palli village,expressed his un-happiness on non-payment of land compensation by theGovernment even after repeated requestsmade by them.

Joint Collector has informed that, shewould verify the record and assured himjustice regarding payments towardscompensation to the acquired lands

5 Sri.I.M. Subba Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village,expressed his un-happiness on nonpayment of land compensation to DKT lands

Joint Collector has informed that, shewould verify the record and assured himjustice regarding payments towards


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which were in his enjoyment before the landacquisition.

compensation to the acquired lands

6 Sri.K. Lakshmi Narayana Reddy, r/oKopparthy village, while speaking on theoccasion informed that there are 2 irrigationtanks adjacent to the MIP and requested totake utmost care to protect this irrigationtanks from pollution problems. He requestedto enhance the compensation to the landlosers and also requested to provide goodnumber of jobs to the local people who losetheir lands during land acquisition.

Joint collector informed him that themain demand of land compensationissues will be examined. All industriesestablished in MIP shall comply theEnvironmental Standards stipulated byCentral Pollution Control Board(CPCB)/State Pollution Control Boardstrictly. No industry is allowed todischarge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(Effluents) generated from therespective industries will be treated atZero Liquid Discharge. Thus, existingtanks will be fully protected.

7 Sri.C. Janardhan Reddy, r/o Kopparthyvillage again take the opportunity to speakon the occasion and requested to clarify thedetails of individual industrial units to beestablished in Kopparthy industrial park.

Environmental Consultant of the projectexplained the list of industries and typeof industries, which are proposed inMIP.

8 Sri.K. Ashok Kumar Reddy, r/o Kopparthyvillage while speaking on the occasion afterverifying the industries with various line ofactivities (28 Nos) proposed to establish inMega Industrial park and expressed hisapprehensions on the establishment ofsome of industries viz., synthetic organicchemicals, paints industry, lead acidbatteries and lubricating oils etc., inconnection with the pollution problems dueto the establishment these industries.

All industries established in MIP shallcomply the Environmental Standardsstipulated by Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB)/State Pollution ControlBoard strictly and no industry is allowedto discharge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(effluents) generate from the respectiveindustries will be treated at Zero LiquidDischarge (ZLD) system.

9 Sri.R. Viswanatha Reddy, Sarpanch,Tadigotla village while speaking on theoccasion he requested the management toestablish the industries systematicallywithout any pollution problems to the watertanks and also demanded to enhance thecompensation to the land losers.

All industries established in MIP shallcomply the Environmental Standardsstipulated by Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB)/State Pollution ControlBoard strictly and no industry is allowedto discharge any water to outside thefactory premises under anycircumstances and the wastewater(effluents) generate from the respectiveindustries will be treated at Zero LiquidDischarge (ZLD) system.

10 Smt.B. Anasuyamma, r/o Ambakam palle,requested the government to settle landcompensation issues immediately.

Joint Collector informed, she wouldverify the record and assured her justiceregarding compensation to the acquiredlands


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CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS


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8. PROJECT BENEFITSThe location of the project for Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, Kadapa district is strategically

developed for industrial progress and rural development. The project has many benefits over

negative impacts.

8.1 Economic Development

The district Kadapa is far behind many districts of the state economic achievements. The District

Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 21,440 Crores (at current rate- 2012-13) which is better than

Srikalulam and Viziayanagarm District, but lower than all other districts of Andhra Pradesh. The

State average Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 419,391 Crores.

The District Per capita Income is Rs. 66,592 whereas for the State is Rs.76,041 (at Current

prices).

It is imperative to improve the area (district as well) to compete with other districts of the State in

social and economic front. The secondary and tertiary sectors only could stir up the overall

developments as we have seen in other parts of the country.

8.2 Employment

The project is expected to provide more jobs, business opportunities etc. The employment

generation in the rural areas is inadequate where agriculture activities only existing. There are

over 50000 children in the age group of 0-6 in the area. They need to be provided with

employment, livelihood opportunities etc when they grow up.

The labors that are semi skilled and unskilled will have the option to work in both industrial and

agricultural areas. During the lean season of agriculture, they have opportunity of alternative

employment.

8.3 Infrastructure Development

Though the existing road infrastructure is good, it would not be sufficient for growing population,

improving agricultural activities. Agriculture products are being perishable; the basic infrastructure

is required for transportation. The up gradation of existing road infrastructure and new roads to

the remote location are imminent for the industrial developments.


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8.4 Life Style Change

The area is rural with limited facilities like Banking, Communication, and Consumerism etc. The

increase in per capita income, necessity and access to modern facilities will make a remarkable

change in the lifestyle and attitude of the people. The life style change will occur as Socio

economic benefits felt in the society.

8.5 Women Empowerment

New educational infrastructure will be available as the area is becoming industrialized. Gender

equality is maintained by girl children will be getting the equal opportunities at par with their

counterparts in primary and higher education. Socio economic improvement is endowed with

Gender equality, women upliftment, and social justice.

The Child sex ratio of the district is abysmally low as 918 (district) as compared to general sex

ratios 985(district). All social evils are due to the skewed sex ratio. Socio economic progress by

the over-all development in the area will correct the sex ratio imbalance. The social and

community intervention is required in this noble cause.

Women employment will lead to family economic growth, their health, Child development etc.

Women Entrepreneurship: Women education and their financial liberty will create more women

entrepreneurs.

8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products

The farmers have opportunities to market their products in the new market without any

compromise on the selling price as the less intermediate vendors and demands for the products.

Farmers can adapt innovative agriculture practices for meeting local demands and supply.

8.7 Migration

The area has many Unskilled, and Semiskilled labors. Employment provided to the local

population will curb in-migration as well as out-migration. Curbing migration will sustain the

local population with prosperity.

8.8 Expression of Human Rights

The people in the rural area are marginalized by various reasons. But in the modern

industrialized society, people are aware of their rights, Government policies, rules and regulations

etc.


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8.9 Skill Development

During the initial period of establishment of industries, they need more skilled and semi skilled

labors. The local labors will get the opportunity for getting trained and inducted to the jobs.

8.10 Social Infrastructure

As population and socio economic status increases, social infrastructure like educational

institutions and health institutions will be created.

Education: The basic facilities will be provided to the primary schools. Higher education and

technical institutions will be created.

Health: The awareness and the affordability make people to get good modern health facilities.

Sanitation: The awareness of potable drinking water, usage of toilets and disposal of solid

waste will be forced to adapt due to the developments in the area. The rural area is very poor

in these aspects.

8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility

The areas will get more social infrastructure benefits as Corporate Social Responsibility is a

mandatory for the industries. Education, Health Care, Women and Child development, Skill

training etc will be the main areas for CSR activities.


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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


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9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANThe Environmental management plan assumed special significance in industries because of the

pollution potential especially in terms of Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Solid waste management.

This chapter presents an overview of Environmental Management Plan.

The main objectives of Environmental Management Plan are to:

Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during construction and

operation phases of the project.

Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures.

Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures

Ensure that the mitigation measures are being implemented

Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures

Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environmental management as well

as responsibility for implementing environmental measures

Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur

The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures for each likely impact on the

prevailing environment have been discussed in detail at the respective sections in Chapter 4.

The Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation of proposed mitigation measures

have been discussed in Chapter 6. Following specific environmental management

plan/measures are discussed in this chapter:

Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management

Greenbelt development

Solar power harnessing

Rainwater harvesting

Occupational health and safety

Institutional arrangements/framework for environmental management

Summary of project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures

9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for EnvironmentalManagement

Highly qualified and experienced persons in the field of Environmental Management of similar

kind of industry shall be considered for the positions of General Manager (GM) for overall

Environmental management for APIIC Limited. Well qualified personnel with minimum


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qualification of graduation in the respective discipline and minimum of seven (7) years of

experience in relevant field shall be considered for the third level positions as mentioned in the

organisation setup. However the right person for the right job with right attitude need to be the

focus while selecting such personnel as qualification criteria alone has the potential to fail

because of lack of concerns and negative attitude towards environmental management,

APIIC Ltd. shall appoint experienced persons for the position of Manager (Environment) for

management of environmental aspects within the industrial park premises and coordination with

Environmental Management Cell (EMC).

The responsibilities of the Environmental Management Team/Cell shall be as follows:

Identify environmental aspects, normal, abnormal and emergency conditions.

Ensure implementation of standard operating procedures as updated from time to

time.

Evaluate any non-conformity to the environmental standards, as stipulated by

different regulatory agencies.

Ensure and implement necessary corrective actions.

Establish procedures for reporting, document and record control.

Establish and implement procedures for incident and near miss reporting,

investigation and root cause analysis and prescribe corrective action.

9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental ManagementThe roles and responsibilities of Developer (APIIC Ltd) and Proposed Industries are brought out

in Table 9-1. These roles and responsibilities can be shared by developer as a part of agreement

with proposed industries and shall have clear terms on environmental management

responsibilities.

Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and IndustriesS.No.

Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry

1 Generalagreement

Evolve very specific plot allotment guidelines with proper Environmental impactmitigation clauses especially withregards to pollution minimisation efforts.Any violations need proper penal clauseswith adequate notice.

Strictly adhere to the plotallotment guidelines andagreement.

No pollutant shall be releasedto Natural water systems thataffect the common people of


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S.No.


the region.2 Water supply Required water for the proposed

industries for process, cooling anddomestic usage shall be supplied bydeveloper through nearest Reservoir(Adinimmayapalli)The bulk water for the Industries will besourced from Reservoir. Water andrespective pipelines shall be laid toIndustries.Groundwater shall not be withdrawn atany stage of the project. Groundwatershall not be contaminated by dischargeof pollutants in to streams, ponds andother surface water bodies.

Water requirement shall be metfrom existing AdinimmayapalliReservoir.

Groundwater shall not bewithdrawn at any stage of theproject.

Groundwater shall not becontaminated by discharge ofpollutants into streams, pondsand other surface water bodies.

3 Waterrecycle/reuse

Zero discharge for CETP and CSTP isproposed in MIP, Industries authorityshall ensure the reuse of treatedwastewater from CETP & CSTP.

Proposed industries shouldadopt recycle/reusemethodologies to the maximumextent possible either inprocess or utility.

4 Wastewatercollection/conveyance

Developer will provide the wastewaterconveyance system through pipelinefrom the proposed industries holdingtank to respective CETP & CSTP.

The wastewater conveyance(pipeline) within industry

5 Wastewatertreatment anddisposal

Developer shall provide the CETP fortreatment of effluents and CSTP forsewage as per the project developmentplan.

Responsible to dispose thesewage and effluent to theCSTP and CETP respectively.

6 Treatedwastewatermonitoringprotocol

i. MIP/ EMP Cell authorities shallmonitor wastewater holding tank.

ii. EMP cell shall monitor the treatedwastewater at following locations ondaily basis: Respective CETP & CSTP

holding tanks Treated WW Tanks

Industry utilise the existinginfrastructure facility. Monitoringof wastewater on daily basis atthe guard ponds of eachindustry shall be carried out asper SOPS and regulatorystandards at their respectiveholding tanks for pH, TDS,TSS, BOD & COD etc.

7 Rainwaterharvesting

Rainwater harvesting pits/recharge wellsshall be provided at identified locations

Rainwater harvesting withinindustries premises shall be


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S.No.


as per development plan. adopted.8 Waste

managementSludge generated from CETP shall bedisposed to TSDF.Sludge generated from CSTP shall beused as manure for greenbelt/greenareas development

Industries shall have theirindependent Hazardous/Non-hazardous waste collection andsegregation system and shallhave a temporary storagefacility for 90 days detentionwhich will be designed as perthe requirement. Wastes shallbe periodically disposed tonearby TSDF.Industry shall follow “TheHazardous Wastes(Management, Handling andTran’s boundary Movement)Third Amendment Rules, 2015”.

9 Post projectenvironmental monitoring

APIIC EMC shall conduct post projectenvironmental monitoring as per theenvironmental monitoring programmesuggested for construction and operationphases in Chapter 6.Specific requirement of monitoring shallbe carried out as a part of compliance toEC/CTE/CTOEmissions/Discharges and Solid andHazardous waste generation and the airquality results of MIP area shall bedisplayed at main entrances.

Industry specific criticalpollutants shall be monitored atindustry level.Specific requirement ofmonitoring shall be carried outas a part of compliance toCTE/CTO.

10 Air PollutionControl

Developer need to ensure that allregulatory measures are properlyincorporated and all institutionalarrangements.

The boilers/ Thermic fluidheaters stack and processstack shall have properarrangement for scrubbing oftoxic gases.

11 Stackmonitoring

Developer need to ensure that allregulatory measures are properlyincorporated and all institutionalarrangements.

Stack monitoring shall becarried out by IndividualIndustries.Online monitoring system hasto be provided for processstacks and boilers/ Thermicfluid heaters stack


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S.No.


12 Greenbeltdevelopment

Greenbelt development along theboundary and green areas in commonareas and utility corridor shall bedeveloped.

Greenbelt and green areasshall be developed within eachindustrial premiseas per MoEF& CC norms.

13 Storm watermanagement

Storm water collection along roads,common areas and utilities shall beprovided. Ensure no pollutants aredischarged to the fresh water streams byMIP.

Storm water collection withinthe industry shall be providedand discharge facility into thecommon storm water drainsshall be provided.

14 Truck parking Logistic zones meant for truck parkingare provided within common facility area.This parking space will serve the trucksuntil custom clearance to enter the MIP

Industries shall provide on-siteparking spaces for trucks withinthe industrial premises.

9.2 Greenbelt Development

Trees play a vital role in the environment in preventing the horizontal dispersion of the pollutants

to the surrounding areas. Trees are very suitable and effective for detecting, recognizing,

reducing and controlling air pollution, minimising noise pollution and will also check soil erosion,

make the ecosystem more complete and functionally more stable and conducive.

Owing to their large surface area besides their bio-aesthetical values trees are to be used as

indicators of biological effects of pollutant.

9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt planThe objectives of greenbelt development are as follows;

Mitigation of fugitive emissions and improve ambient air quality

Provide a shelter belt around the project area for dust absorption and noise

reduction

Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase

Balancing Eco Environment

Enhancement of the overall environmental quality

Provide adequate shelter and habitat to the local fauna

Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area

Providing aesthetic value to the project area

Prevention of negative impacts on reserve forests, sanctuary and wildlife


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Conserve soil quality and improve moisture level in ambient atmosphere

Compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance

Improving the forest cover and maintaining the biodiversity of the region

Create awareness for environmental conservation and tree planting

Generate employment for the local people

9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt developmentGreenbelt/green area development will be carried out in and around the MIP along the

boundary, roadside and on the vacant areas with above objectives. Emphasis shall be on native

plant species on the basis of air pollution tolerance index of tree.

The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate,

elevation and soil. The plant species should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order

to be selected for plantation.

While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt in a designated area of 611.25 Ha

(1510.45 Acres) land, the following guidelines will be considered:

Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-

physiological conditions

Fast growing type and providing optimum penetrability

Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment

Should be wind-firm and deep-rooted

Should form a dense canopy and perennial green

Species tolerant to air pollutants like PM, SOX and NOX should be preferred

Be able to attenuate noise generated within the area

Native origin and locally available

Be well adapted to the existing soil conditions

Should have a large leaf area index.

Should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt

Introduction of monocultures and alien plant species would be avoided to the

maximum possible extent

Should be able to thrive along with diverse species


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9.2.3 Greenbelt Development PlanThe greenbelt development plan for the proposed MIP is based on “Guidelines for Developing

Greenbelt” published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Greenbelt is proposed within

MIP site and along the boundary. Green areas are also proposed near the common utilities to

serve as recreational facilities and breathing spaces and also to create buffer zones. The three

tier tree plantation shall be ideal recommendation for greenbelt around the inner boundary of the

proposed MIP.

A total area of 1510.45 Acres (611.25 ha)is earmarked for greenbelt/ green areas development

which is about 23% of total plot area. Apart from this open space area of 694.62 Acres (10.59%)

is also proposed for green belt development. This will make total area of 33% (2205.07Acres) of

green belt area. The master plan showing the green belt area is enclosed in Annexure-2.

9.2.3.1 Design of Green Belt

While the green belt will be developed as per MoEF &CC/CPCB guidelines with concept of

three tiers greenbelt development with tall, medium and short height permanent trees in

general. A survey was also conducted with respect to existing types and vegetation diversity

within the MIP area for development of greenbelt around project components.

The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development;

The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than one

meter to increase the density

Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation

In the front row shrubs will be grown.

The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows

(towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height) will be

planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side)

Tall trees one line and short trees one line will be planted around the

industries blocks to control the fugitive emissions and to reduce the noise.

Expose the pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days and

o If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80%

site-soil + 20% composted cow-dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake

and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added

o If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil +

35% fertile soil (from an external source) +30% composted cow-


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dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the

previous instance

Saplings should ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The

saplings would need to be watered once the rains cease.

Saplings shall be suitably nurtured and maintained. Soil conditioning and

fertiliser application shall be undertaken. If required, suitable soil

treatment shall be provided to ensure good growth of tree cover.

Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as

bamboo and grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the

summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun.

During construction period

o Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting

or moving it for mulch. This would leave behind a seed-bank to

flourish in the next growing-season, providing a natural source of

mulch for the following year.

o Open Burning of bushes and other waste on land must be avoided,

as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation,

amphibians, reptiles and ground-nesting birds.

Development of greenbelt shall start with construction phase and shall be

continued full fledge with operation phase of the proposed MIP project.

As a part of improving biodiversity areas need to be ear marked for the growth of creepers that

are always neglected in green belt development category. Creepers are becoming increasingly

threatened due to lack of concerns and selective dereliction of this species.

The indicative sketch of three tier greenbelt development is given in Figure 9-1.


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Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development9.2.3.2 Cost estimations for Green Belt development

Approximately 9 Lakhs trees are proposed to be planted in entire project site to follow the

concept of 1500 trees/Ha. The survival of the plantation shall be monitored frequently and

survival rate of the plantation during operational phase shall not be less than 80%.

A capital cost of INR 2.7 Crores shall be earmarked for this purpose and INR of 50 Lakhs shall

be allocated for recurring expenses totalling INR 3.2 Crores towards green belt development

and maintenance. The lay out plan of the greenbelt and green areas in project site is depicted in

the Master Plan Annexure-2

9.2.3.3 Recommended Species for Plantation

Based on climate and soil characteristics of the study area, some species are recommended for

plantation. The climate of the region is not extreme where there is normal rainfall as well as

normal heat and soil temperature is also not very high in summer. The pollutants namely stack,

dust/fugitive emissions, sulphur dioxide, smoke and carbon dioxide along with the noise

pollution can be effectively curbed by planting specific floral species. The recommended species

for greenbelt and plantation are given inTable 9-2.Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt

Common Name Botanical Name Tolerant toBabhool Acacia arabica Fly ash, SO2

Banyan Ficus bengalensis Dust

Indian mast tree Polyalthia longifolia Noise Pollution

Jamun Syzygium cumini Pollution tolerant

Jujuba Zizypus jujuba Pollution tolerant

Neem Azadiracta indica SO2

Red Bird of Paradise Caesalpinia pulchurima SO2

Tamarind Tamarindus indica Pollution tolerant

9.2.3.4 Nursery Development within MIP

Nurseries would be developed in open areas with six to eight seedlings per m2 for potted plants

with above mentioned guidelines.


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9.2.3.5 Vermiculture Development and Usage

Vermicomposting is natural organic manure and its chemical composition is much more superior

to compost made either in conventional composting pits or by bacterial decomposition.

Vermicomposting consists of humus, which is the basic building block of fertile soil. It contains

all essential macro and micronutrients for plants in readily available form due to which plants are

able to easily absorb them. Vermicomposting is prepared with the aid of earthworms.

Vermicomposting pits shall be developed and biodegradable waste from project premises shall

be utilized for manure production.

9.2.3.6 General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan

The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained that newly-planted saplings

may get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive with relatively less inputs. Soil

from the site should be used for the plantation, as far as possible, and supplemented with

external nutrients only where necessary. Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as

they reduce soil-quality and integrity, as also, the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally

available leaf-litter, grass-cuttings, agricultural residue, compost or other organic material may

be used as supplementary plant-nutrients.

9.3 Rainwater Harvesting

Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) refers to collection of rain falling on earth surface for beneficial

uses before it drains away as run-off. The recent groundwater estimation as in September 2013,

by Central Groundwater Board, has classified Chintakomma dinne, Pendlimarri mandals in which

the project area is situated, under “Safe category” and Vallur mandal is in “Semi Critical

category”. As a necessity to improve groundwater in the region as a developmental activity,

rainwater harvesting is proposed within the MIP. Rainwater harvesting and conservation

practices reduce the soil erosion, increases soil moisture and enhance recharge to groundwater

body.

The objectives of rain water harvesting proposed for the project are as follows:

Rainfall – runoff management

Control soil erosion

Increase the soil moisture

Prevent rush of surface flow of water


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Recharge to groundwater in favourable areas

Direct use of harvested rainwater

Saving in pumping cost

9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potentialRainwater Harvesting shall be implemented at MIP to conserve rainwater. Roof top area,

greenbelt/green area, road/paved area and open areas proposed in the project are considered

for arriving the rainwater which can be harvested.

The approximate quantities of rainwater that can be harvested at MIP are given inTable 9-3.The equation used for run off estimation is based on CPCB guidelines on ‘Concepts and

Practices for Rain water Harvesting’- Oct 2001.The calculations are based on the following:

Average annual rainfall is 675 mm based on 2004-2014 IMD data

Average No of rainy days are 85.08 (Over all year)

Run of co-efficient are considered as given by CPCB guidelinesTable 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested

S.No.

Land UseDistributionin MIP

LandUseArea(Acre)

Area in m2 Run offcoefficient

Rainfall(m)

PredictedRunoffVolume(m3)/hr

1 Roof top

Area

1934 7826620 0.8 0.008 50090.368

2 Roads Area 898 3634077 0.7 0.008 20350.8312

3 Open Space

Area

695 2812568 0.3 0.008 6750.1632

4 Utilities Area 260 1052184 0.3 0.008 2525.2416

5 Green Belt

Area

1510 6110753 0.2 0.008 9777.2048

Total 5297 21,436,202 89493.80Note: - Roof top area is considered as 70% of the plotted area.

Of this total quantity of runoff estimated, 39403m3/hr runoff will be harvested through rain water

harvesting pits.


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9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structuresa) Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting

For the proposed project Roof-top rain water will be done by individual industries. Apart from

this for buildings in common facilities this system is proposed. Roof-top rain-water harvesting is

one of the appropriate options for augmenting groundwater recharge/storage where natural

recharge is considerably reduced and not much land is available for implementing any other

artificial recharge measure.

In a typical roof top rain-water harvesting system, rain-water from the roof is collected in a

storage vessel or tank for use during periods of scarcity. Such systems are usually designed to

support the drinking and cooking needs of the family and comprise a roof, a storage tank and

guttering to transport the water from the roof to the storage tank. In addition, a first flush system

to divert the dirty water, which contains debris, collected on the roof during non-rainy periods

and a filter unit to remove debris and contaminants before water enters the storage tank are

also provided. Therefore, a typical Roof top Rain-water Harvesting System comprises following

components:

Roof catchment

Filter unit

Drain pipes

Storage tank.

Collection sump.

Down pipe

Pump unit

First flush pipe& GuttersA typical Roof-top rainwater harvesting system is given in Exhibit 9-1. However, during detailed

engineering of the industry suitable structure will be arrived for rainwater harvesting.


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Exhibit 9-1A typical roof top rainwater harvesting systemFiltration forms the most important process in the purification of water. It usually involves

allowing water to pass through a filter media e.g. sand. Filtration essentially involves removal of

suspended and colloidal impurities present in water. Depending on the type of filtration, the

chemical characteristics of water may be altered and the bacterial content may be considerably

reduced. These effects take place due to various processes such as mechanical straining,

sedimentation, biological metabolism and electrolytic changes.

The sand being used for filter in roof top rain-water harvesting systems should be free from clay,

loam, vegetable matter, organic impurities etc. and should also be uniform in nature and grain

size. There are three types of filters i.e.o Slow Sand Filters

o Rapid Sand Filters (gravity type) and

o Pressure Filters.

b) Storage Ponds/Tanks

In addition to roof top rainwater harvesting, we can also adopt storage tank /pond system for

storm water storage. Storage ponds/tanks are civil structures to store harvested rainwater. From

these storage facilities, water can be pumped directly to points of demand or supplied through

over-head tanks. Silt trap pits and filter beds have to be maintained before letting the water to

the storage pond / tank. The storage tanks may be properly cemented to avoid leakage or


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seepage into ground. Already few natural tanks are situated inside the project premises. So the

rain water will be saved by these tanks. The excess rain water from the MIP will be chanellised

through storm water drains to the existing tanks available at site to store them. Of the total

runoff quantity, 40313.6 m3 of rain water can be diverted to the existing 8 tanks available at site

with total area of 216.93 Acres after desilting. Based on the site contour, the storm water will be

diverted to the existing water tanks. The existing tanks are dry through out the year except on

some days of monsoon. The bunds of tanks will be strengthened for storing water.

A model of the pond/ tank is shown in Exhibit 9-2A for storing harvested rainwater.

Exhibit 9-2A Model Storage Pond/Tank

c) Recharge pits- typical arrangements

In proposed Industrial Park project area, recharge pits are recommended to be constructed near

the roof-top harvesting structures. Due to enhanced vertical hydraulic conductivity through the

recharge pit structure, natural recharge process of aquifer system gets enhanced, especially

when storms are of short duration and rainfall days are less as in case of project area, and

sustainability of the aquifer is ensured for a long period. The benefit accrued during heavy rains

in non- rainy (summer) season or during draught time will be worth mentioning. In such

circumstances recharge will be at its peak stage. As a result all shallow open wells and ponds

will get adequate quantity of water as huge relief for Industries who depends on ground water,

nearby farmers and poor landless villagers.

In addition to Roof-top rain water harvesting, recharge pits will be planned for augmenting

ground water recharge. In the project area, 1800 Recharge pits are proposed with 1.2 m


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diameter and depth of 0.3m. The pit will be back filled with a sequence of boulders, gravel,

pebbles and coarse sand from bottom to top. A constructed model recharge pit is shown in

Exhibit 9-3. A schematic diagram of the Recharge Pit is given in Exhibit 9-4. It is recommended

to dig a trial pit of 5.0 m before constructing the Recharge pit.

Exhibit 9-3Model Recharge Pit(source: Google)

Exhibit 9-4Schematic of Recharge Pit(Source: Google)

d) Recharge Wells - Typical arrangements

Recharge wells are the structures to recharge water in the sub-surface levels directly to the

aquifer. In the project area, the piezometric level of the deeper aquifer is expected to be in the

range of 20 to 30 m below ground level. Gravity recharge wells in the vicinity of storage ponds

are useful in recharging the deeper aquifer system.

A schematic design of the recharge well is presented in Exhibit 9-5. The collected rain water in

the pond may be diverted through well maintained channels, two desilting pits and two filter

beds into each recharge well by gravity. From bottom of last filter bed, pipe carrying the

recharge water may have to go down the recharge well upto piezometric surface. The recharge

well of 300 to 450 mm diameter, down to a depth of 80 m is recommended.

INLETOUTLET FOR

EXCESS WATER

SAND

BOULDERS


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Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well

e) Rainwater harvesting and utilisation plan

Based upon the survey and hydro-geological conditions of the project area, harvesting and

recharge structures are proposed for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The

proposed harvesting and recharge structures within the MIP are:

Roof-top rainwater harvesting

Recharging of ponds within the IP

Recharge pits of 1800 numbers

Recharge wells to the pondsFlash flood water can be recharged directly to the deeper aquifer through recharge wells for

enhancing the depleting resource and make it sustainable.

f) Monitoring wells for impact assessment

The effectiveness of artificial recharge structures is known by closely monitoring the

groundwater levels of the phreatic and confined aquifer systems. Monitoring of the groundwater

regime is done by establishing a network of observation wells tapping the shallow and deeper

aquifer systems separately.

The phreatic aquifer can be monitored by measuring groundwater levels in the open dug wells

or dedicated shallow water table wells nearby the site. The existing dug wells may also be

selected for monitoring. Piezometric surface in the deeper aquifer may have to be monitored by

installing dedicated piezometers. Piezometer is a small diameter (38 mm) tube with a 2 to 3 m


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perforated pipe at the bottom lowered in a borehole (100 to 150 mm) drilled down into the

confined aquifer. The perforated portion of the tube has to be positioned against the bottom of

the confined aquifer with clean sorted gravel shrouded between the tube and the borehole

surface. Rest of the borehole may be filled with unsorted gravel or clay.

The observation wells/piezometers are to be monitored at least four times in a year, i.e. in the

months of January, May, August and November. Data collected from these wells, provide more

meaningful record / database and clarity in the changes in the ground water regime in the

Project area.

Digital water level recorders, which collect water level information automatically ranging in time

from 1 hour to 1 month, provide accurate and valuable data for groundwater management. The

recorder is an electronic device which is installed within the water column of the observation

well. The device collects the groundwater level data at the desired interval of time and stores

the digital data on board which can be retrieved through data retrieval systems or hand held

computers and can be downloaded directly into office computers for further analysis.

Groundwater chemical quality monitoring also can be done through these devices with

appropriate add-on probes.

9.4 Solar Power Harnessing

The feasibility of Solar Power Harnessing within the MIP built up areas particularly at available

roof tops is also studied. The available technologies for generating solar power are mainly Solar

Photo Voltaic (PV) Cells and Solar Thermal. Technology of Solar PV Cells is suitable for solar

power generation with proper utilization of the roof top areas available on the roofs of

buildings/structures within the industry premises. The off grid solar PV system will be used for the

solar power harnessing.

Basic components that are used to build a solar PV system are as follows:

Flat Roof Solar PV Panel mounting systems

Solar PV Panels and solar modules

Solar PV Charge Controllers

Solar Batteries

PV Junction Boxes/PV Combiner Boxes

Off-Grid Solar PV Power Inverters

Solar PV Cables & Connectors

Solar PV Generation Meters

AC & DC Isolators

Solar PV System monitoring


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For the purpose of installation of off grid solar PV cells, the suitable buildings and structures are

identified and the roof top areas are considered for calculation of total possible capacity of

installed solar PV.

The calculation for installed capacity and cost is based on the following assumption:o 100 m2 area is required for the installation of 6 kWA capacity

o Capital cost including batteries and other accessories is Rs.1.5 lakh/kWA

The installed capacity and approximate cost details for MIP area are as given in Table 9-4.

Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power HarnessProject Total roof

top area(m2)

Actual area(considering65% of totalarea) (m2)

Installationcapacity(Considering 100sqm for 6kWP)kWp

Installationcapacity inMW

Cost forinstallation(considering`6.5 Cr/MW) `Crores

Mega

Industrial

Park at

Kopparthy

7826620 5087303 847883 847 5505

The total cost towards solar power harness is coming to about Rs. 55050 million (~Rs 5505 Cr),

since huge cost is involved for the solar harnessing, this will be thoroughly studied during project

execution stage. If it is financially viable the developer will sure go for solar harnessing power.

9.5 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health & safety needs attention both during construction, erection, operation and

maintenance phases of MIP project. Broad framework for Occupational health and safety

measures is presented in this section.

9.5.1 Occupational HazardsOccupational health hazards, areas associated with hazards and proposed mitigation measures

are given in

Table 9-5.


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Table 9-5 Occupational Health HazardsS.No.

OccupationalHealthHazard

Areas associated withHazards

Mitigation

1. Non-ionizingradiation

Combustion facility workersmay have a higher exposure toElectric and Magnetic Fields(EMF) due to working inproximity to electric powergenerators, equipment, andconnecting high-voltagetransmission lines

Identification of potential exposurelevels in the workplace

Establishment and identification ofsafety zones to differentiate betweenwork areas with expected elevatedEMF levels

Personal exposure monitoringequipment should be set to warn ofexposure levels

2. Heat Occupational exposure to heatoccurs during operation andmaintenance of combustionunits, pipes, and related hotequipment like Boilers etc.

Regular inspection and maintenanceof pressure vessels and piping

Provision of adequate ventilation inwork areas

Time reduction for work in elevatedtemperature and ensuring access todrinking water

Shielding surfaces where workerscome in close contact with hotequipment

Use of warning signs near hightemperature surfaces and PersonalProtective Equipment (PPE).

3. Noise Noise sources in combustionfacilities and auxiliaries; boilersand auxiliaries, such aspulverizes; diesel engines;fans and ductwork; pumps;compressors; condensers;precipitators and motors etc.

Provision of sound-insulated controlrooms with noise levels below 60dB(A);

Design of generators to meetapplicable occupational noise levels

Identify and mark high noise areasand provision of PPE.

4. ConfinedSpaces

Specific areas for confinedspace entry may includecondensers, and cooling watertowers

Adequate Engineering measuresshall be implemented to eliminate thedegree of confined spaces.

Unavoidable confined spaces shall


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S.No.

OccupationalHealthHazard

Areas associated withHazards

Mitigation

be provided with permanent safetymeasures.

5. ElectricalHazards

Energized equipment andpower lines can pose electricalhazards for workers

Consider installation of hazardwarning lights.

Use of voltage sensors prior to andduring workers' entrance.

Deactivation and proper grounding oflive power equipment and distributionlines according to applicablelegislation and guidelines.

Provision of specialized electricalsafety training to workers.

6. Fire andExplosionHazards

Handling and storage of fuel,products etc.

Use of automated combustion andsafety controls.

Proper maintenance of boiler safetycontrols.

Implementation of startup andshutdown procedures.

Automated sensors and regularcleaning mechanism.

Provide Fire proof jackets for thosewho will work for extinguish power.

7. Dust Dust may arise due todedusting activities andvehicles movement etc.,Dust may contain silica(associated with silicosis),arsenic (skin and lung cancer)

Use of dust controls such as properhousing and water sprinkling etc.

Regular sweeping, mopping,inspection and maintenance ofroads/asbestos containing materialsetc.

Prevalent occupational diseases for workers are possible for which project proponent shall

provide necessary safety equipment and conduct periodical health checkup. As a Mega Industrial

Park, all industries are committed for occupational health & safety of employees.

9.5.2 Personal Protective EquipmentThe personal protective equipment (PPE) offers adequate protection to worker, co-workers and

visitors. Proper use of PPE shall be part of recurrent training programs for employees. Table 9-6Table 9-6 provides the list of PPE which shall be provided in industrial premises.


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Table 9-6 Personnel Protective EquipmentProtectionfor

Equipment Protection Against

HAND Leather gloves

Asbestos gloves

Electrical resistance gloves

Canvas gloves

Hand sleeves

Cuts due to handling

Heat radiation

Electrical shock

Contact with oil & grease etc.

Falling of hot slag/material

LEG Leg-guards

Leather safety boots

Asbestos safety boots

Welding sparks

Striking by objects, fall of objects and

stepping on sharp or hot objects

Heat radiation, stepping hot or sharp

objects and stepping on sharp or hot

objects

EYE Spectacle/goggles with plain

shatter proof lens

Foreign bodies entering eyes and

reflected arc rays

HEAD Fibre Helmet Fall of objects/hitting against objects

during construction, maintenance etc

EAR Ear plugs or muffs High noise level

NOSE Dust protection mask Fine dust particles

FIRE Fire Extinguishers

Fire Jackets

Fire Suits etc.

Fire

9.5.3 Health MonitoringMedical surveillance has been prescribed in the Factories Act, 1948 (Amended). Under section

41C, it is stated that "every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall:

“Maintain accurate and up to date health records or, as case may be, medical records of workers

in factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are

manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be accessible to the

workers subjected to such conditions as may be prescribed and provide for medical examination

of every worker, (a) before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working


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with a hazardous substance and b) while continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work

in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in such manner as may be prescribed."

APIIC have a plan to establish an occupational health service centre inside the MIP premises to

promote and maintain physical, mental and social well-being of the employees. The unit is well

equipped to detect and prevent occupational/work related diseases and is being offering effective

emergency and injury care at work. The centre will develop health education training packages

including use of personal protective equipment for all employees and impart training accordingly.

Occupational Health Service shall arrange to provide adequate number of First Aid Boxes with

approved contents on the industries first aid rooms. Ambulance shall be available to meet any

emergency situation.

The records of health check-up of all employees will be maintained by individual industries. This

will be extended to future upcoming industries also. The occurrence of occupational health

hazards and diseases shall also be maintained. The records will be reviewed at intervals of two

years to check the effectiveness of various measures implemented. Based on the review, action

plan to improve the effectiveness of occupational health and safety measures shall be prepared.

9.5.4 SafetyOverall safety of man and material is an important aspect of industry performance. The safety

policy of the industry shall be clearly defined. The developer shall implement separate safety

measures for construction and operation phases and a safety officer shall be employed by the

MIP as well as all individual industries which shall also coordinate with MIP EMC safety officer.

Creating awareness among the targeted group is very important for the successful

implementation of safety.

9.5.4.1 Safety CircleIn order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes

and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The

circle would consist of 15-25 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about

an hour every week.


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9.5.4.2 Safety TrainingSafety training shall be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of faculty members

called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees,

limited contractor labours shall also be provided safety training.

9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation PlanInteraction with villagers during baseline monitoring (September, 2016 – Noovember, 2016) in

the study area revealed that there are no major epidemics in recent years in the study area.

9.5.5.1 Possible Health HazardsIndustrial Unit: The possible Health hazards which may become an Endemic disease or

Occupational illnesses in Long term during construction and operational phase of MIP area are

given below:

o Chemical hazards, including heavy metals, such as lead & mercury, solvents like

diesel, and many other chemicals including paints that are used in project.

o Physical hazards, such as excessive noise, vibration, extremes of temperature and

pressure, and ionizing and non ionizing radiation.

o Biomechanical hazards, such as heavy lifting, repetitive or awkward or forceful

movements that result in musculoskeletal disorders, like carpal tunnel syndrome and

low back pain.

o Biologic hazards, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B and

hepatitis C viruses, the tubercle bacillus, and many other bacteria, viruses, and other

microorganisms that may be transmitted through air, water, food, or direct contact.

o Psycho-social hazards, such as workplaces where there is high stress due to

excessive demands on, and low control by, workers; stress and hostility resulting from

urban congestion, such as “Road Traffic”.

9.5.5.2 Occupation Health & Endemic Disease Mitigation Action Plan

Data Collection: Occupational and environmental diseases and injuries can be recognized at

the individual level, which depends on obtaining and assessing an occupational and

environmental history. Before implementation of the Mitigation Action Plan, the health information

of the people in the project area upto 10km shall be collected from respective departments

(Government/Hospitals).


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Mitigation Measures: The following are some of the mitigation measures for Occupational

Health and Endemic diseases:

Immediate Actions:

o Ensure through proper support and training that all employees are aware of hazards

and accept responsibility for working safely during Construction and Operational

phases. This will significantly reduce Occupational Health hazards and illness.

o Ensure presence of a key staff/doctor at the time of emergency to know, what to do if

they suspect a notifiable disease in the surrounding.

o Community based participatory research to identify issues and to assess change for

developing problem/location specific plans.

Long Term Actions:

o It shall be ensured that the respective Government department of Municipality

disinfects residential areas which lie around the project site regularly.

o Ensuring provision of necessary medical facilities in the study area. Necessary

guidance shall be provided to enhance the medical facility in the area.

o Periodic health awareness camps and health check-ups should be organised in the

study area to ensure better health standards of the people.

Basic Information Requirements

The following shall be understood before implementing a mitigation measure;

o Possibility of providing additional responsibilities to EHS to take necessary immediate

actions during emergencies.

o Animal welfare – for example, access to feed, provision of sufficient appropriate

shelters shall be analysed.

o Potential alternative methods to control various diseases out breaks.

o Consideration of other induced developments.

o Possibilities to dissipate information quickly.

Monitoring for Endemic Disease Mitigation Activities

Frequent health check-ups shall be carried out for the workers. Thus the health related issues

within the industrial unit can be analysed.


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Mitigation measures as suggested above shall be updated every year based on the collected

data/information on health conditions of the people living in the study area.

Information obtained from monitoring of Environmental parameters as provided in Chapter 6shall be correlated with the health information to provide a clear understanding of pollutant

impacts.

9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of MitigationMeasures

The effective implementation and close supervision of the environmental management to

mitigate the environmental impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and

operational phases of the project could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism.

The coordination of Environmental Management cell with various Authorities and institutions for

implementation of the mitigation measures is presented in Figure 9-2.

A proper institutional mechanism to understand and implement appropriate environmental

management measures during various stages of the project is a pre requisite and has a strong

bearing for the overall success of the project management. Implementation of the Environmental

Management measures shall become easy once an environmentally responsible Team is in

place.


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APPCB MoEF CPCB

IP ProjectAuthority

Fund Support Monitoring Efficiency

of Implementation Monitoring

Performance Indicator Ensuring Compliance

to StatutoryRequirements

Compliance toEnvironmental andSocial Policy

SupportInstitution

External Institute ofreputed Monitoringinstitution

In house and externalMonitoring

Implementation ofEMP/MitigationMeasures

Obtaining StatusClearances

Compliance to internalpolicies

Data Management andtrend analysis topropose and implementappropriate intervention

Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

CTE CTO Monitoring of

conditionsApplied

CTO/CTEApplications

EnvironmentalAppraisal

EnvironmentalAppraisal

CDMApplication

ProvidingDesignInformation

Assistance inMonitoring

Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions

9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent

organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation

measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of

Environment Management Cell are:

o To implement the environmental management plan

o To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations

o To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices

o To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP

o To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule

o Review and interpretation of monitoring as per approved schedule

o Review and interpretation of monitoring results and corrective measures in case monitored

results are above the specified limit


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Page 296

o Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental

laws as ready reference

o Maintain environmental related records

o Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories

o Maintain log of public complain and the action taken

o Record keeping: The proposed environmental management cell should have all basic

record keeping facilities such as:

a) Hard ware/software facilities,

b) Adequate space,

c) Vehicle (transport) and

d) Basic furniture and

e) All simple instruments such as GPS, Digital camera, Hand held noise metre etc.

The cell should have all basic environmental management data of the project that includes but

not limited to the following

o Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (both well preserved soft and hard copy)

o All valid and up to date environmental clearance and consent papers

o All latest Environmental legislations, policies, codes and manuals for ready references

o A list of consultants on environmental management need to be kept with yearly revision of

the list. This will help to receive proper advice in case of an emergency or a requirement

and also to implement day to day environmental management activities.

Over a period of time a system to understand and absorb the new revisions and changes in the

environmental requirements and practices are to be established. This can only be achieved by

regular training and genuine capacity building initiatives. The organizational set up for MIP

Environmental Management Cell is given as Figure 9-3.


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Page 297

GENERAL MANAGER(ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY)

Manager(Environment)

Manager(Fire & Safety)

EnvironmentalEngineer

Director/AssistantGeneral Manager(CSR & Peripheral

Development)

Corporate SocialResponsibility

Fire Crew

Monitoring &Analysis Safety Engineer

Horticulture First Aid

PeripheralDevelopment/

Occupational Health

Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell

9.7.1 Audits and InspectionsIn addition, the EHS/EMC Department shall be responsible for implementing Compliance

Assurance activities, namely environmental audits. Internal audits and reviews of environmental

procedures shall be conducted annually.

The EHS Steering Committee, made up of Management Team members, shall conduct quarterly

EHS performance reviews. Any change to the environment wholly or partial is identified,

evaluated and equally corrective actions are taken to better the environmental performance.

A vital part of EHS practice is to learn from experience, using it as basis to improve the system.

To this effect, periodic inspections and record keeping provides a measure of how effective

programs are and facilitates identification of areas where improvement will be necessary.

Environmental inspections consist of examining all activities and documenting those actions that


Andhra Pradesh

Page 298

are carried out in compliance with environmental clearances, specifications relating to

environmental protection, and mitigation plans approved.


Page 299

9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Various project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures are summarised in Table 9-7.Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures

S.No.

Activity

RelevantEnvironmentalcomponentslikely to beimpacted

Likely Impactsand theirsignificance inthe absence ofMitigationMeasures

ProposedMitigation Measures

Responsible Agencyfor Implementation

Construction Phase

1. Site levelling/

Material

transport and

construction

activities

Air Quality Exhaust

emissions

from vehicles

Windblown

dust during

material

movement

Fugitive dust

during

material

unloading

Dust

To reduce impacts from exhausts, emission

control norms will be enforced/ adhered.

All the vehicles and construction machinery

will be periodically checked to ensure

compliance to the emission standards

Construction equipment and transport

vehicles will be periodically washed to

remove accumulated dirt

Providing adequately sized construction yard

for storage of construction materials,

equipment tools, earthmoving equipment,

etc.

Construction

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC


Page 300

S.No.

Activity





suspension

during site

preparation,

construction

and trenching

Emissions

from DG sets

Provide enclosures on all sides of

construction site

Movement of material will be mostly during

non-peak hours.

On-site vehicle speeds will be controlled to

reduce excessive dust suspension in air and

dispersion by traffic

Water sprinkling will be carried out to

suppress fugitive dust in the project site

Environmental awareness program will be

provided to the personnel involved in

developmental works

Use of tarpaulin covers and speed

regulations for vehicles engaged in

transportation

Noise Noise /Vibration

from following Noise levels shall be maintained below

threshold levels stipulated by Central

Construction

Contractors


Page 301

S.No.

Activity





activities

Vehicles

transporting

construction

material

Diesel run

engines of

construction

machinery

Drilling/Pile

driving

activities

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) time to time

Procurement of machinery/construction

equipment in accordance with specifications

conforming to source noise levels less than

75 dB (A)

Well-maintained construction equipment,

which meets the regulatory standards for

source noise levels, shall be used

Any equipment emitting high noise,

wherever possible, shall be oriented so that

the noise is directed away from sensitive

receptors

Noise attenuation will be practised for noisy

equipment by employing suitable techniques

such as acoustic controls, insulation and

vibration dampers

High noise generating activities such as

supervised by

APIIC


Page 302

S.No.

Activity





piling and drilling shall be scheduled in day

time

Personnel exposed to noise levels beyond

threshold limits shall be provided with PPE.

Disturbance to

Natural

Drainage

pattern

Impact to

natural flow of

runoff due to

blockage and

change of

drainage

course

The drains passing through the area shall be

routed as per the proposed drain routing

plan

Adequate storm water drainage system shall

be provided.

The storm water system need to be properly

connected to the natural drainage system of

the area

Drainage system will be provided at

construction yard. Measures will be taken to

prevent silting of natural drainage due to

runoff from construction areas

Construction

Contractorssupervi

sed by APIIC

Vegetation and Loss of Commencement of greenbelt development Construction


Page 303

S.No.

Activity





Strain on

existing

infrastructure

vegetation

and strain on

existing

infrastructure.

during construction phase especially in

terms of nursery development and

identification of indigenous species

Temporary workers camp with self-sufficient

infrastructure facilities.

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC

Existing Traffic Traffic

addition

NH 18 is adjacent to MIP and the

Transportation of construction materials will

be carried out during non- peak hours.

Regularization of truck movement

Construction

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC

2. Solid Waste

Management

Soil quality Impacts due

to disposal of

solid waste on

ground

Construction waste shall be used within

project site for filling of low lying areas.

Excavated soil shall be stockpiled in a

corner of the site in bunded area to avoid

run off with storm water.

General refuse generated on-site shall be

collected in waste skips and separated from

construction waste.

Construction

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC


Page 304

S.No.

Activity





Local authorised waste recycler shall be

employed to remove general refuse from the

site, separately from construction waste and

hazardous wastes

Recyclable wastes will be disposed through

APPCB approved vendors

Burning of refuse at construction sites shall

be prohibited.

3. Handling of

hazardous

materials

Human safety

and property

loss

Fire accidents

due to

hazardous

material

handling

Health Issues

Adequate safety measures as per OSHA

standards will be adopted

Construction site will be secured by fencing

with controlled/limited entry points.

Hazardous materials such as lubricants,

paints, compressed gases, and varnishes

etc., will be stored as per the

prescribed/approved safety norms.

Construction site will be secured by fencing

Construction

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC


Page 305

S.No.

Activity





with controlled/ limited entry points

Medical facilities including first aid will be

made available for attending to injured

workers.

Handling and storage as per statutory

guidelines.

Positive isolation procedures will be adhered

Handling and storage as per MSIHC rules,

MoEF &CC guidelines with Fire protection

system.

Hazardous wastes, if any, shall be disposed

to TSDF proposed within the MIP

4. Water

Resources

Water scarcity

/Pollution to the

nearby water

bodies

Impacts to the

surface water

body

Water Requirement during the construction

will be met through road tankers/local

municipal bodies/Adinimmayapalli reservoir

Care should be taken to prevent the

contaminated runoff from the construction

Construction

Contractors

supervised by

APIIC


Page 306

S.No.

Activity





site to the nearby natural streams, if any

Optimized utilization of the water

sewage generated shall be treated by septic

tanks and soak pits

Operational Phase

1. Stack

Emissions of

Industries

Air Quality Stack

emissions

Stack height of utilities/ process units shall

be as per CPCB guidelines

Process unitsa) All Process units in the plant will be

provided with APC measures of Suitable

Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid

& Alkali Provision followed by Dry

Scrubber with Activated Carbon media

then routed to stack calculated as per

MoEF&CC guidelines or good

Engineering practices with clear

provision of facilitating maximum

Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC


Page 307

S.No.

Activity





dispersion.

b) Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be

routed to Effluent stream for further

treatment.

c) Online Analyzers to be mounted for

continuous monitoring as per CPCB

Guidelines.

Boilers:a) All boilers will be provided with APC

measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters

then routed to stack calculated as per

MoEF&CC guidelines.

b) Online Analyzers to be mounted for

continuous monitoring as per CPCB

Guidelines

Stack emissions will be maintained as per

APPCB/CPCB standards by providing


Page 308

S.No.

Activity





emission control devices

Periodical Monitoring of pollutants at stacks

Vehicular

emissions

Access roads to be provided to avoid traffic

congestion

Use of tarpaulin covers and speed

regulations for vehicles engaged in

transportation

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC

2. Operation of

Compressors,

and

generators

etc

Noise Increased

noise levels

due to

equipment

handling and

vehicular

movement

Acoustic Barriers and Enclosures

All transportation vehicles, machinery will be

periodically checked to ensure minimal noise

generation to comply OHSAS and ambient

noise standards in the surrounding area

Personal Protecting Equipment (PPE)

Greenbelt Development

Traffic regulation using sign boards

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC

Vibration Temporary

perplexity

Machine and equipment likely to generate

vibration shall be fixed based on the detail

Construction

contractors


Page 309

S.No.

Activity





Health

implication on

working

continuously

in vibrating

environment

designing of foundation.

Machinery equipped with latest vibration-

reduction technology shall minimise the

vibrations.

Vibration dampers shall be provided around

the source of generation

supervised by

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC

3. Water Supply Water

resources Impact on

existing water

resources

Total water requirement will be met from

Adinimmayapalli Reservoir.

No on industry dependent on Ground water

APIIC

4. Liquid waste ground water

and soil Contamination

of ground

water and soil

CSTP and CETP are proposed to treat the

sewage and effluent generated from

individual industries respectively.

If any industry will give shock loads

COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more than

1200mg/l this will be controlled by

implementing online TOC meters at each

industry outlet.

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC


Page 310

S.No.

Activity





The TOC analyzers will control and

incase of higher values it will re-circulate

back into the industries guard ponds to

ensure proper working of CETP

5. Solid waste

management

Groundwater

and Soil quality Impact due to

disposal of

solid waste on

ground

without

treatment

Composted bio-degradable waste will be

used as manure for greenbelt.

Non compostable and non-recyclable waste

will be sent to municipal.

Other recyclable wastes will be sold to

APPCB authorised recyclers.

Temporary storage of hazardous waste by

individual industries within the industry

premises for a period of 90 days.

Hazardous wastes will be sent to TSDF

proposed within the MIP.

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC

6. Handling of

hazardous

Fire accidents

due to products Human life

and loss of

Hazardous materials will be stored as per

the prescribed/approved safety norms.

APIIC / Individual

Industries


Page 311

S.No.

Activity





materials handling property Medical facilities including first aid will be

available for attending to injured workers.

Emergency alarms, provision of fire hydrant

system and fire station.

Effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

which covers onsite and offsite emergency

plans.

Recovery of spills to the extent possible

supervised by

APIIC

7. Operation of

Industries

Socio-

economic

conditions of

the region

During operational phase, the MIP and other industries are likely

to generate direct employment of 7000 peoples. In addition,

there is wide variety of jobs that are generated in the form of

indirect employment (e.g. hotel business, small eateries,

construction, transport, etc.). This project may generate indirect

employment up to 30000.Local people will be given preference

based on their qualification and skill set. Together with this

employment potential, project will help to enhance the socio

economic conditions of the area with better schooling,

APIIC / Individual

Industries

supervised by

APIIC


Page 312

S.No.

Activity





communication and transport facilities that will be developed/

triggered as a part of overall economic development of the

region

Natural

Hazards

As given in Disaster Management Plan (DMP) prepared; Site Main

controller will act as the overall in-charge of the control of educative,

protective and rehabilitation activities to ensure least damage to life

and property.

Induced

Development

Offers an efficient and cost effective supply chain/ value proposition

to the local importers and exporters.


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9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management

The budgetary estimate (Capital Cost) for Environmental Management is INR 370.8 Crores and

the annual recurring cost is INR 3.85 Crores. The breakup of cost is given in Table 9-8.

Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management

S.No.

Purpose Cost items Capital costin Crore(INR)

AnnualOperatingcost inCrores (INR)

1. Greenbeltdevelopment

Plantation 2.8 0.5

2. Solid wasteManagement

Dustbins, Waste storage shed,composting yard etc

3.5 0.5

3. EnvironmentalMonitoring

Monitoring of environmentalparameters like Ambient Air,water, soil, noise etc.

1.0

4. Water PollutionControl

Construction of CETP &CSTP

And providing effluent andsewer line

25 1.0

5. Storm waterdrainage

Provision of storm water drains,man holes, recharge pits

339 0.5

6 OccupationalHealth Centre

Provision of facilities for doctor,first aid etc within the MIP

0.5 0.35

Total Cost 370.8 3.85

9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area

The concept and implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) has become

imperative due to the intense debate of developmental growth versus welfare based

development. As long as the business development is in synergy with social development, the

social conflict will not arise. Some of the proposals of CSR are suggested for APIIC and to be

implemented. CSR funds will be allocated as per Ministry of Economic Affairs Rules.


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APIIC - MIP Phasing of CSR Initiatives

APIIC is primarily focused on healthcare, primary education, public hygiene & sanitation,

Women’s welfare, Students Skill Development and rural development. All activities are

developed and implemented by APIIC based on need assessment through discussions with local

communities, and government departments. Project appraisals are done periodically by

combining community feedback with evaluation metrics developed by the Foundation. These

metrics include patient footfall, health indicators, feedback from teachers, community satisfaction

etc. Various areas in which APIIC will be concentrating on CSR activities are given below and the

approximate allocation of funds for CSR activities are given in Table 9-9.

Health: The existing infrastructure can be upgraded or additional health centre may

be provided. Health Check up and free medication camp can be conducted with the

help of social service organizations.

Public hygiene and sanitation: The awareness of hygiene and sanitation is very

low in the area. With help of NGOs and Schools, the awareness campaign can be

conducted.

Skill development: Rural youth can be trained by capacity building, vocational

education for their better opportunities in local and other areas. Migration can be

mitigated by providing job opportunities for local youths by imparting them training

and education.

Women welfare: More specific initiatives can be taken up for women health

programme, skill development and women entrepreneurship can be organized to

improve the stature of the women in the district.

Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities

S.No Activity Capital Cost (LakhsRs.)

Operating Cost(Lakhs Rs.)

1 Health 50 2.0

2 Public Hygiene andsanitation

- 1.5

3 Skill development 25 2.5


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4 Women welfare 15 1.5

Total 90 7.5


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CHAPTER 10

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS


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10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Project BackgroundAPIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92

Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu

Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District,

Andhra Pradesh State. The Mega Industrial Park will cater to the socio-economic development

of the region. There are totally 219 units proposed for the proposed site.

10.1.2 Overview of APIICAndhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of

Andhra Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing

Industrial infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones.

Over 253 Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of

over 1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal

role, in attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple

incentives. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1973 by the

GO No: 831 dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh.

10.1.3 Location of Project SiteThe Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli,

Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals,

YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh State. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and

1.26 Km from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares).The sitefalls in

57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is 12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E

(Centre Coordinates).

10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project siteIndian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the

contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the

Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle

free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been

facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, Petro chemical,

pharmaceutical, textiles, engineering industries, etc.


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To achieve the growth target, AP government/APIIC intends to propose new IP in Kadapa.This

is one of the very big Greenfield in Andhra Pradesh, for proposing various kinds of Industries.

The project seeks to fulfil the following objectives:

1. Primarily to fulfil the demands of a large world market.2. Generate substantial export earnings.3. Create a variety of products from different industries.

APIIC has been already finalized the area for Mega industrial park since it is located adjacent to

state highway. Airport is the additional added advantage for the business and socio economic

development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National Highways

and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa Airport at a

distance of 1Km from project site.

10.2 Project Description

M/s. APIIC ltd proposes to set up a Mega industrial park within an area of 6553.04 Acres. The

entire land is in possession of APIIC. There are approximately 219 plots proposed for the site.

The proposed industries are classified as Red Orange and green category. The area breakup of

allotment is given in Table 10-1. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given

in the Master Plan.

Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial ParkS.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%)1 Total land area 6553.04 100

2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38

3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10

4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.86

5 Tanks 216.93 3.31

6 Roads 897.76 13.70

7 Open Space 694.62 10.60

8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04

10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generationWater requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase is

35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Recycled

water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is 21501 KLD which


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will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met from Adinimmayapalli

Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park.

The sewage generated from industries will be treated in proposed CSTPs each of 200 KLD and

350 KLD and the effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETPs each of

10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000KLD.

10.2.2 Wastewater TreatmentIt is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD to treat

the sewage generated from the industries. The sewer line from industries to proposed CSTP is

also to be provided. Treated sewage will be used for gardening.

It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD

and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the industries. Effluent linefrom industries to

CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will be used for utilities/ process by the industries.

Zero Liquid Discharge concept is proposed.

10.2.3 Storm Water drainageStorm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads. Storm

water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m

depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected

to the existing tanks at the site.

10.2.4 Solid Waste ManagementDuring construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be

generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Solid waste and scrap will be generated and will

be suitably disposed off.

During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power considered

is 7000 nos. During full operation).

Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be

generated during full operation of the industrial Park.

Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing.

Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common

TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will dispose to TSDF

already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP (Evaporator) will be

disposed in the same manner.


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10.2.5 Power RequirementThe overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369 MVA

and the source of power is APEPDCL.

10.2.6 Green BeltAn area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this

open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the total area for

green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65%). APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual

industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt

also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation.

10.2.7 Project CostThe total capital investment on the project is INR 130.575 Crores. The project will be

implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The

tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36 Months after obtaining

Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.

10.3 Description of Environment

The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to

November 2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government

organisations. The core study area is the project area and its immediate surroundings to the

tune of 1.0 Km radius from the boundary. The project area is the land where the project is being

developed. Further the Project Impact/Influence Area (PIA) is 10Km from the boundary of the

core area covering Chintakomma DinneTehsil, Kadapa (Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh.

Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found within

4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest and

Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda Reserve

Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest and

Extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site.

10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily

minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September 16

and November 16 respectively

Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in the

months of September to November respectively


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Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s and

1.9 m/s.

Predominant wind direction is NE.

10.3.2 Ambient Air EnvironmentEight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the study

area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3, C6H6, C20 H12, As &

Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and

Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.

10.3.3 Noise Quality Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)

Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A).

The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise

levels slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the

limits prescribed by MoEF&CC.

10.3.4 Water QualityThe prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4 sampling

locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November 2016

Surface water

Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and 8.13

Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l

Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l

Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l

Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l

Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l

Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l

Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l

Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l

Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l


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Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l


Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb),

Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg)


It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits

specified of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit.

Ground Water

pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32

Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm

Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l

Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l

Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l

Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l

Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l

Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l

Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l

Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l

Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l


Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l

The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb),

Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be

below detectable limits at all locations

10.3.5 SoilIn order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use

categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the

study area.

Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area

pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52

Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm

Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha


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Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha

Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha

Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%

Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc

Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg

Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg

Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg

Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg

10.3.6 Biological EnvironmentBaseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The study

area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy,

cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / Scheduled species found within

the study area.

10.3.7 Socio Economic EnvironmentThe project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes under

the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in the urban

area.

Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population – 452714.

The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child population is

51795.

The health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the

project area. The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for

emergency. There is a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services

in Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available.

There is no infectious disease in the project area. The people have adopted the

institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality rate

have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care facility in rural area,

skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness.

Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the

importance of purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being

implemented in the rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is


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very low. Once the area is industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local

population growth, the sanitation situation will go from bad to worse.

The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected

by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to the accessibility

of schools and awareness of the importance of education. The dropout rate of the

district is 9.88 (Source: DISE:2013-14 for primary level).The primary schools need

some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting quality education for rural

children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming industries could

provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the

confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions

like Arts and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and

Health Institutions. The students have to be provided quality skill development for

getting employment opportunities in upcoming industries.

The literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the

study area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average

(67.30%).

Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers

are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of

farmers belong to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category.

Only 30-35% of the area covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed.

The major irrigation project is KC Canal and the medium irrigation projects are

Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha etc.The principal crops can be

classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops.

There are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa

Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the

proposed Industrial estate. Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are

reputed industries in the area.

10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres (2651.92

Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of APIIC Ltd for

more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and there will be some


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land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of the proposed

project.

Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP.

Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by RO

& ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator of MIP.

Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF.

Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt development/Toilet

Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from CETP will be reused as

non potable water for various applications (mostly utilities). Discharge of wastewater

on land is not permitted and there will not be any impacts due to contamination of

soil, ground and surface water (canals & numerous village ponds) in and around the

project sites, so that the proposed system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)

system.

There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or biosphere reserves within 10 km

radius from the MIP site. Except Ganganapalle Reserve Forest which is 4.0Km

away from proposed MIP towards South and Tummuluru Reserve Forest which is

9.0Km away from the proposed MIP towards West.

Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and varnishes

etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.

Hazardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors. Hazardous

materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations with restricted

entry and with fire-fighting facilities.

Modeling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level concentration.

The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and PM were

found within the NAAQ standards.

All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet

Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with

Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC

guidelines.Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for

further treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as

per CPCB Guidelines.


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All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then

routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Online Analyzers to be

mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines.

All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB

Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set.

Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided

keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect

nearby residential areas.

10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site

The proposed MIPland has acquired in the year 2014. No alternative site was analysed for the

Industrial park due to the following reasons.

• 100% Land is under possession of APIIC

• No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC

• Site is well connected by road, rail and Air way

• Nearest Highway connecting NH-18 (2.4 Km – E) and SH-31(6.9 Km- E)

• Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is proposed

as water source.

• Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Industrial Park.

10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Environmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the project.

During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as given below e Ambient air

quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface

water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. In the operation phase, the

monitoring locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels-

8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8

locations, Meteorology, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETPs, sewage quality at

both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2 CSTPs. The budget for

Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and

during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs.


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10.7 Additional Studies

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness

and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical & social care and other

necessities of life.

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of

environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this

same order of priorities. For effective implementation of DMP, it should be widely circulated and

a personnel training is to be provided through rehearsals/drills. To tackle the consequences of a

major emergency at the project location or its immediate vicinity, a DMP has been formulated.

The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the project facilities and

the outside services to achieve the following:

• Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties

• Safeguard other people

• Minimize damage to property and the environment

• Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

• Identify any dead

• Provide for the needs of relatives

• Provide authoritative information to the news media

• Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area

• Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the emergency.

A framework for DMP was prepared to minimize damages in the event of a disaster. An

institutional framework with clear assignment of roles and responsibilities was prepared with

which location of Emergency Control Centre and Assembly Points will be identified.

Communication system and alarm systems for effective communication in the event of a

disaster are identified.

10.8 Project Benefits

The project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for integrated

over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire region for fast track

development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the region.


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10.9 Environmental Management Plan

The main objectives of Environmental Management are to;

• Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during

construction and operation phases of the project.

• Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures

• Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures

• Ensure the mitigation measures are being implemented

• Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures

• Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environment management

as well as responsibility for implementing environmental measures

• Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur

Based on the above objectives in mind, the following specific environmental management

plan/measures are discussed;

• Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management

• Rainwater harvesting

• Occupational health and safety

• Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental

impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational phases

of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism.

• Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs. 3.85

Crores as operational cost.

• Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs.7.5

Lakhs as operational cost.

10.10 Conclusion

Typically any developmental projects trigger a set of environmental and social impacts. These

environmental and social impacts (proposed development will not envisage any resettlement)

due to development projects occur in different forms. An Environmental Impact Assessment has

been carried out to study the potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed

MIP project. Potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed development on

attributes like air quality, noise, water quality, soil, flora, socio-economic, etc. have been

assessed as part of this EIA study. Appropriate mitigation measures to help minimize/avoid


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impacts from the development have been recommended. The measures include avoidance

measures, mitigation measures and environmental enhancement measures.

Anticipated project impacts and prevailing environmental issues are manageable and can be

avoided or mitigated or minimized to acceptable standards. Potential impacts have been

identified attributable to the proposed project and most of which are localized and temporary in

nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts.

The effective implementation and close supervision of environmental management to mitigate

the environmental impacts could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism

proposed in this EIA.


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CHAPTER-11

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED


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11.DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGEDIn order to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed development of

Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, APIIC Limited has engaged Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P)

Limited, Chennai to undertake EIA study. The nature of consultancy service rendered covers

terrestrial environmental assessment.

11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd.(HECS)

Enviro Care Systems was started in the year of 1997 by Dr. J.R.Moses with the

vision to serve the world in all environmental related problems by completing the

latest technological advancements available.

In the year 2004, Enviro Care Systems became Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P)

Ltd after having collaboration with Hubert Stavoren B.V. for higher Technology.

The company provides total pollution control solutions to several industries like

Thermal Power Plant, Pharma, R&D Facilities, Electroplating and Manufacturing,

IT Parks, Residential Complexes, Dairies, Food Processing, Textile mills,

Breweries, etc.

The company is specialized in executing projects right from concept

development, supply, erection, commissioning and operation on turnkey basis.

HECS has successfully executed more than 200 environmental engineering

projects for various industrial sectors both in India and overseas.

HECS has state-of-art facilities to provide quality environmental consultancy and

engineering solutions.

Strengths of HECS

Total no of Employees : 674

No of Employees engaged in EIA : 105

Consultancy : 25

Laboratory : 80

Projects : 13

Operation & Maintenance : 556


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QCI-NABET Accreditation

Consultancy Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Chennai

NABET Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083

MoEF Reg Lab F.No. Q-15018/29/2007-CPW

National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) is a constituent board of the

Quality Council of India (QCI). QCI, NABET has accredited HECS for carrying out Category ‘A &

Category B’ EIA studies in the following sectors:

1. Mining of minerals including Open cast only (Sector # 1 as per NABET scheme)

2. *Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration development & production (Sector # 2 asper NABET scheme)

3. Thermal Power Plants (Sector # 4 as per NABET scheme)

4. Metallurgical Industries (Ferrous and Non Ferrous)(Sector # 8 as per NABET scheme)

5. Cement Plants (Sector # 9 as per NABET scheme)

6. Petroleum refining industry (Sector # 10 as per NABET scheme)

7. Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions &

natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics) (Sector # 18 as per NABET scheme)

8. Petrochemical Based Processing (Sector # 20 as per NABET scheme)

9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates, bulk drugs and

intermediates excluding drug formulations, synthetic rubbers, basic organic chemicals,

other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) (Sector # 21 as perNABET scheme)

10. Isolated storage and handling of Hazardous Chemicals ((Sector # 28 as per NABETscheme)

11. *Industrial Estates/Parks/Complexes/Areas, Export Processing Zone (EPZs), Special

Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks and Leather Complexes (Sector # 31 as perNABET scheme)

12. Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes,

commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions (Sector # 38 as perNABET scheme)

13. Townships and Area development projects (Sector # 39 as per NABET scheme)


Andhra Pradesh

Page 334

Note:-List ‘A’ – Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations Complying with Version 3 of the Scheme – as on5thSeptember, 2017 (#)Further details may be seen on the following URL:www.hecs.in.

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