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P r o t i i t o f t h ? fU o s 0^ N s p i r a M i i n s t t b c r c c ^ ^ i u i n o f t h c P r is c M »

IV tn o a M i r i t I s a b u t Luui»a< c u D a v o ìc a tc O b ; t h c N c 6 p » tìia ii

M ìa iu r c r a i t b c C n o r t o f H b O a th o l t c M s jc « t ; . ...................................... I x \ l

S P A I N , & c .

C H A P. T.

I}€(Uh o f F trd inand fo u r marriages— Tcfi-tam tn tary orrangem m ts— Q u ft^ aisuine» ihe Oo- vem m enl— I7er marrioffe^Ôhjerttomf to her as- 8uniptiot% o f pow er^Q ufirrtlfi w ith i k t P o rtu g u ê PrirtCfaset— H rr on the $ucct8sion— H ertff<tTU to annu ì the o f P h ilip V .^ i\x p ed itn t* resQfied to— P ra g m n tit SanctioTt o f 29Â M arch, 1830— / / i d^fech-^Cortfg o f I7i©— TV*«»" « « c o io - iion a n d n t t in g i-^ W h y convened— }ôt empowered (o uhoiUh a frindam en/ai iaw -^C eniral J u n ta and Count P'ivritinà/anca“—Proposal a?id P etffion in 17 fo itlier the L a w o f Succenion— The President and fo n r M em ben o f the VouncH o f Castile support the P r a y fr o f the Corlei— The latter not alloieed a dîbertUive voice— ^ n fw e rs o f Charles I V .— P r t- lates cvnîxlted— The L a w propnêd n tver pur-

/eeted— T ha t o f P h ilip K remains in ffrrct— O o i\ taken t<i lia h e l Ì I . is invalid.

O N tljc 2 ^ h Sq)K m ber, 1833, Hia Catìiolic M ajes tf F crdiaaiid V II. died a t the paU cc of St. lldefouRo, leaving no m ale issue. He xras m arried four titnes i

A 2

th e h n t im e od th e 11th ot* D ec . \ $ 29, to M aria C h ris tin a , second s is te r to th e K io g o f X ap les , by whoHi h e h ad M a ria Isab e l, b o m O cto b er 10th , 1830, an d M a ria L o u isa , b o rn J a n u a ry 30th , litóS .*

T h e Q uepo D o w a g e r im m c4Íla te ly assu a icd the re in s o f goTemmcnC an d , o n th e 2 m l o f O ctobcr, issued a M an ifes to , a r o w ing th c p rin c ip les w hich »he in ten d ed Co ad o p t an d fo llow in th e ezer> ei^e o f th a t a u th o r ity w ith wliicii sh e h a d been c h a rg c d b y th e K in g 's la s t W ill, “ d u riu g th e m i- Tiority o f h e r d a u g h te r .” U n d e r th e »am e da te she a lso m ad e k n o w n th a t , “ h a n i ig assum ed , p rese ribed b y th e law s, th e g o v ern m en t o f th e rea lm s o f S p a in in th c nam e o f h ^ r a u g u s t D a u g h te r , D oña Isab e l I I . , sh e h a d trani^m ittcd Co th c Coim rU , u n d e r d a te o f 2 9 th SepCcmber, sev e ra l P e e re e » annouooing th e K in g 's d e a th an d con firm ing Ih c ap po in tm en ts o f th e S ec re ta rle» o f S ta te ," &c.

T h e i^ame p a p e r f a r th e r soys th a t , “ on th e fo llo w in g day , a puoket h a v in g been fo ao d , sealed

^ K rrd io & a d V I I . , W B <»< CL& rU« I V , , w « b o i n O c t o W

p r o c la iu tu d K i j ic , AO i h f A l) d iu i ( o n o f ¿ i a / U k c r , M a rc h 1 9 th , 1 9 0 9

4€p099<l b y N & polcuB i o t b c w m c y ^ r a n d s e o t V d k o r t f ; l i e w a j

r ^ l M - f d b y ( h e e l d e s t b if to c L o f t b c M tm sc o f B a o r b ú i i , rc a » c rv d « fl h is

t h m o c a n d d ie d a s a i io r e K ts i^ d , H e «va» m a r r i e d , A n t t u M a r ia

A n to n ia T h « r « s a , d» « t$ liie r u f F e r d i i o u d I V . , K in g o f t h e T t t v S icU k F ,

w h o d ie d o n t b c 2 U c u t M u y , IS O A ; ic c o o d ly , l o L s ib « l fid » rta K >an-

e\% tA, d a u s h te r o f J o b n V I , , K ’m s o f PwrtogMi» « l i o d ie d D c c c e b e r ¡K ih ,

I B I S ; t h i r d ly , t o M a r ia J o w p h l n * .A m elia , l f n g ^ ( c r b y t h e d i 's t B a r«

r M |e o f M a .'u ia i l ia o , b r n t h c r o f A n th o it} , K in g o f S d so a y » » h o d k d

in M a y , 1S 39 •, « a d fo n iL h ly , b y p r o c u r a t io n o n { h e 9tK D e o « n b e r ,

1 9 ^ , a t A m a j a e ? , a n d o a t h c l l i h o f t h e » u s e m o v t b , ia

p r r w a , t o M a r ia C h rib to n A , in r ro o n t h e 2 ' t h A p i ) , 1 0 0 6 , a n d

d . io g b tc r o f » a u c i i . K in g u f t l i r T w o S i d t l e j ,

wUh th e roya) a rm s u i d Íudorsed-~W ÍÍ1 o f H . C . M . F crd in au d Y l l . , m ad e a t A m o ju ez , J u n e 12ch, 1830, io th e p resen ce o f th e M in is te r C aJoioardc an d w itnesses— ic w a s opened an d re a d b y th e C ouncil o f CastUe a n d fo u n d to cod ta in c lauses t o th e folio wiog^ e f fe c t:” —

lO tb. I f a t th e tim e o f m y d^^ath an y o f the ch ild reo w hom G od m ay b e p lea sed to ^ v e to m e, shou ld b e u n d e r ag e , i t is m y w ill th a t m y beloved S pouse, D o6 a M a ría C h ris tin a d e Bourboi>, sh a ll be th e G uard ian and T ru s te e o f a l l o f them .

11th . I f tb e S on , o r D a u g h te r , t o w hom th e S n c- eessioH m ay deroW c, sh o u ld n o t have a tta in e d the a g e o f 18 y e a rs , ac th e tim e o f m y dem ise , m y b e- loTcd S pouse, ) )o ñ a M a ria , sh a ll b e R ejfen t an d G oyem ess o f tlie w hole M onan^hT, to ru Jc an d g overn th e sam e b y h e rs e lf u n t i l su ch tim e a s m y afo resa id S on , o r D a u g h te r , fchall co m p le te th e age o f IS years.

12 tb . T h a t im m ed ia te ly a f te r ta k in g c h a rg e o f th e ad m in is tra tio n o f th e se re a lm s , a CouDcil o f G overnm ent sh a ll b e in s titu te d , w hom she is to co n su lt OD a ll m a tte rs o f im p o rtan ce , especially th o se w hich m ay be p ro d u c tiv e o f g e n e ra l m easure?, a lT cc tlu g th e com m on w elfare o f m y su b je c ts ; bu t w ith o u t b e in g in an y m a n n e r bo im d to a c t acco rd in g to tb e op in iou (*f th a t Council.

S uch w ere th e p rin c ip a l te s ta m e n ta ry nrrauge* mfents m ad« b y K in g F e rd in an d , m o re th a n th ree y e a rs p rev io u s to h is d e a th 5 an d in accordance th e re w ith th e Q u een R e g e n t a t once p roceeded to a c t. W lie th e r sh e w as suO icieotly em pow errd to a ssum e an d re ta in th e g o v ern m en t fo r a perio d o f

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fmirtcoQ yeapg, w itU out th e in tc rv c a tio n o f any o tb e r a u th o r i ty ; o r w h e th e r th is w as th e 3ega l m o d e o f supp ly ing th c inteim is^îon o f th c k in g iy po w er, w ili h e re a f te r b e m ad e a to p ie o f in q u iry j b u t, f o r th e p re w o t, i t m a y b e p ro p e r co re m a rk th a t th c g re a t p a r ty , opptw ed to th c Já b e m is , condem ned h e r ac tio g as G o v e r n a d & r a .Vilely b y virCiLe u f th e K íd ^ '8 perm i^sioo a n d d u rin g h is life tim e, w h en sh e w as invested w ith a tem p o ra ry a u th o rity teS6 th a n th a t o f Reg;eut.

W h en Q u e c a C h ris tin a issued h e r p ro d am aU o u o f O c to b e r 2 9 th , 1832, g iv in g an acco u n t o f th c ad m in is tra tio n e n tru s te d tu h e r d u rin g h r r hus^jand'.'* ñ r s t Ulnc8!<, au d e n u m e ra tin g th e cau ses whic^b led to h e r ex e rrJse o f p o w er, h e r ap p ea l w holly failed in its e ffe e t; in th e f irs t p lace , because th c tra n sfe r o f th e k in g ly function»« w as considered a s a m ere p riv a te a r r a n ^ m e n t m ad e betw een h asb an d and w ife , d iv es ted o f th e fonn& lities re q u ire d b y la w j an d sceood ly , because I t w as eveu th en m aiu ta iu ed th a t (b e K in g iôuld nc»t re s ig n liis a u th o rity , even a d in terim , in fa v o u r o f a fem ale , so lo n g as th e S a liq u e L aw co n tin u ed in fo rce ; fo r, i t \ fa s a rg w d , i f fem ales c a n n o t ad m in is te r, as Q u een s, a f o r i i w , th e y caimoC as G overD csses, o r K egcnt^.

T h e a c tu a l s ta te o f th e law re iârd ing R eg co d cs WAS n o t th e n b ro u g h t in to q u e s tio n ; b u t a t th is p erio d , th a t U , n e a r ly a y e a r p rev io u s to tl>e K in g 's d e a th , i t w as ev id en t th a t th e Hoyalists^ b y w hom a rc m ean t th c lover« o f o rd e r au d ju s tice , w e re n o t p re p a re d to acknow ledge th e v a lid ity o f th e A n ti-S a liq « e Law ', u n til th c C o rtes , convoked in th c leg a l fo rm s ao d acco rd in g to the

m an o e r p r e s c r ^ d b y a n c ie n t a u d th c ftiQ*d am en ta l iu^itUutions o f t h t k in j^o m ^ sh o u ld h a re p v cQ to i t th « ir sovere ign gaoctioQ. U D til theo> even in th a t e a r ly s ta g e o f th e qnestioD , i t w a s ap p a re n t th a t th e grooX body o f th e S pao lardd w ere d e te rm in ed to b e gu ided b y th e L aw o f 1713, duly en a c te d an d p r o m n l^ te d b y P h ilip V ., w ith th e eo n se u t ao d sanc tion o f a l l E u ro p e . I t i s w ell know n th a t F erd in an d V IL d ied w ith th is conv ic tion u p o n h ts m in d an d in d re a d o f th e conflequenccs.

T lie o b jce t in v iew d o es n o t re n d e r i t Dcces&ary to e n te r upon th e in tr ig u e s by m e a n s o f w h ich th e K in g 's fo u r th m n rrio g c w as con certed . C ireum - stanees w h ich p reced ed an d acceoded th e cerem ony becam e to p ic s o f p u b lic cen su re , an d th e K cap o iitan P rin cess w as n o t th o n g h t fo r tu n a te in th c choice o f so m e o f h e r a tte n d a n ts . S u i£ce i t to say th a t , aoou

•a fte r h e r o ccu p a tio n o f th e C astilian th ro n e , she q u a rre lle d w ith th c tw o P o r tu ^ e t» e P rin cesses , one o f th em m a rrie d to th«i In fa n te D o n C arlos, an d th e o th e r th e m o th e r o f th e In fa n te D o n Sebastian . F ro m th a t p e rio d eom nicnced th e e ffo rts o f the Q ueen’s fo r th e exclusion o f th e In fan teD o n C arlos, w ho fo r years h a d been h e ld an d looked u p to as th c H e ir A p p aren t to th e th ro n e . H e r an x ie ty to secu rc ?he Succession to h e r ow n issme w as ev ident, an d acco rd iu g ly sh e cau sed th e P ra g m a tic S an c tio n o f th e 2 9 th M a rc h , 1830, to b e p ro - in u lg a te d , h e r ow n p reg n an cy h av in g been dec la red an d th c K in g ’js h ea lth c o u tiu u in g in a v e ry deli<* c a te s ta te .

T h is w as th e open ing o f tho se views w hiiA have since u rg e d Q u een C h ris tin a on In h e r am bitious

c a re e r , a n d de luged S p ah i w ith totrCQts o f bloo<) T o th e coD tetoplatioQ o f w h a t p assed a t th is prccl&e perio d th e atCcnCkan o f th e re a d e r is tlie re fo re par> (icu la rly c a l le d ; an d fo r th is pm 'posc do tu iou to d esc rip tio n o f th e in te r io r o f th e M ad rid p&Uce in re> q u ired . T h e in d isp u tab le e n d e u c e o f official doeu- mentB «hall h e ap p ea led to , a n d from th e m i t w ill a p p e a r th a t , iu o rd e r to «iletice th e Toice o f th e Jaw s a n d defea t th e p u b lic wi&h, ex p ed ien ts w e re adop ted , tu o gros» to niL^leud th e ju d g m e n t o f reflectiuj^ 8 paniard£> w h o a t^ e n ra rd s b eh e ld a s ^ e s o f im> postorei), to o g la r in g to b e fo rg o tte u an d , i a th e ir couscqueoces, to o ca lao iito u s t o b e CDdiu*ed.

T h e firs t d o m m e u t th a t o ccu rs is th e P rag rn a tic SanctioB o f M a rc h 2 9 th , 1830, above q u o ted , o f w h ich a l i t e r a l tranaU tioD w ill b e fo u o d in the A ppendix , m a rk e d (A .) ! t is a uu n u u s an d in s tru c tive p a p e r , a t onee re v e a lio g th e In te n tu m o f its p ro - cQ ulgators an d th e m ag n itu d e o f th e frau d w h irh it w a s w ished tu p la y off, n o t o n ly upon th e people o f S p a in , b u t a lso upou th e gUTemmentfl o f E u rope , an d m o re p a r tic u la r ly upon th a t o f G re a t B rita in . T h e decep tion , i t m o st b e acknow ledged , w as so d e x te ro u s ly m an ag ed as to im pose upon th e ere* d u li ty o f so m e fo re ign m in is te rs , b u t i t ueverthe less fo rtified th o se w hom its p ro v isions m ore im m edia te ly co n cern ed , io th e ir n a tu r a l d 1$itrust o f professions, th e in s in ce rity o f w hich w as a lread y proved.

'I 'he n-im o f th e M ad rid C o u rt w m to o c lea rly u n d e rs to o d fo r tl ie P ra g m a tic S ao e tto n to c re a te the le a s t su rp rise . 'J 'he S p an ish accep ta tio n o f the w ord P ra g m a iica i.«i a spe«nal L aw , o r S ta tu te , m ade an d pa&2>ed fo r th e rem ed y o f »ome p a r tic u la r abu.«e.

o r dvfeoC; b u t in Spaiii th a euftctm eiit au d p ro n m l- g a tio ti v f a Law' req u ire ccrCam fo rm a litie s , o f wbloli tbe o n e in qucBtiun is w holly d e s titu te . 'I'o tbe P r a ^ a t i e A » f th e 2 9 th o f M a rc h , th e 'rf’o rd aunctum is added , in o rd e r to m ak e I t ap p v ar th a t th e K «yal A secut w as g^ivca to a L aw , a lread y eu a c te d iu <lac an d leg a l fo rm > b u t i f u o »uvh L aw w as p e rfec ted an d p assed in C h arles I V s tim e , h o w could i t b e re o d e re d valid b y the sane tiou o f a s u h ^ q u e n t m o u a rd i r

T h e y e ry b e a d lo g o f Clie P ra g m a tic S ao c tio n , zst io se rte d iu th p M adrid G aze tte o f A pril 6 tb , 1830, (v ide A ppend ix A .) c a rr ie s w ith ic th e s ta iu p o f f ra u d . I t professes to b e th e ** san c tio n decretJ by K ing C h arles IV ., o u ik e P e titio n o f th e C o ries fo r th c y e a r 1789, an d o rd e re d to b e pu b lish ed by H is RelifniDg M ajes ty ,” th a t i», b y F eriiin au d V II . who o rd e rs i t to be publU hed in th e y e a r 1830 ! I f o th e r im ped im ents h a d n o t ex is ted , th e L aw o f P re sc rip - tio u w ould Ixave suffi<^ed to p rev en t su ch an ab u se o f pow er} an d , a l te r a ll, a s re fe ren ce w ill be seen, th e m o d em E d ic t is ad d ressed p re c ise ly to those c lasses o f th e co m inuo ily w!ia o rig in a lly b a d no sh are w hatsoever iu fh e su rrep titio u s desiiju o f ebaog iug a L aw w hich h ad been iu fon-e to r 1 1 / y ears .

T h e P ra g m a tic Sanction profes.'ies to b e iissued for th e e^tprcss p u r p o ^ o f rev iv ing an o ld law o f the I 'flriirfa« , w hereby fem ales w ere ca lled to th e th ro n e , a n d q u o tes , as a 'u tho rlty fo r its e o ac tu ieu ts , th e Kc* so lu tion passed in th e C o rtes o f 1789, p ra y in g , o r , in o th e r w ords, au th o riz in g Charl**s IV . t o p ass a law for effecting th a t object. I t is ad d re ssed to th e In fan tes, D u k es, a n d o th e r o rd e rs o f th e N o b le s , to g e th e r w ith

IO

tiifi C le rg y , Ju s tic c ? , M uaic ipu l O lficcre, } and fo r reaston» u rê^ tb e n ecessity , aa w ell m

tb e expcdicQ cy, o f rc T m n g th e L aw above mcn> tìo u cd . 'JTie m e r if i a n d T alid ity o f Ib is p a p e r m ust b e ca re fu lly ^scrutinized.

O f th c ex istcncc o f tb e C o rtes o f 1739» sucb as th e y w e i^ , th e re «âii b e n o d o u b t; b u t fro m tbe R eco rd o f th e ir co u v o ca tio a Knd m ee tin g i t is evid e n t th n t th e y w ere n e ith e r etnpow ereil, n o r io a sic uaCion Co abo lis h a fun dam c n ta l law . K vcn i f th ey h a d been consC itu tioually afifcm blcd an d tbeu* repre* seu ta tlv e c h a ra c te r d u ly e stab lish ed , th e ir rococu> m e n d a tlo u ,o r Che B csolutioD passed b y th em , w a s oot carriei^ In to eficcC b y C h arles IV ., to w h o m , a tid n o t to b is fiucccBSors, i t wax sp ec ia lly add ressed , th e docum ents them êlTes »hew*. T b e c h ie f g ro u n d , th en audlaC ely , a lleg ed lo r th e a l te ra t io n , w as exped iency ; i t b e in g a t^ u e d th a t g r e a t benefits devolved upoo th e m o n arch y from tb e observance o f ti ie o ld law •, an d Che U n ion ot* th e C ro w n s o f C astile an d A r a ^ n is q u o ted a s an ex am p le . E v e ry Cbicg th a t can p v e u n ifo rm ity to tb e pow er an d a i i io n o f a go > v e rn m e n t un q u estio n ab ly a benefit ; bnC th e A ra gonese n ev er h e ld th a t th e y gained b y th e U nion . li>om b e in g a n in d ep en d en t k itigdo tu , A rag o n sunk , in th e new e x te n t o f th e S p an ish M o n arch y , in to a p rov ince ; b u t th c v e ry fee lin g s w ith w h ich thc n a tiv e s a re a t th is m om en t a c tu a te d slicw th a t th e y a re re a d y an d w illin g lo obey th e law s, w hen d u ly enac ted a n d p ro p e r ly adm ln ie tcred ; b u t n o t to aixêpt su ch in te rp re ta tio n s o f th em as a de> b ased a n d prolîgate ^ o v e rm e n t m ay w ish to en force.

T he P ra p i ia tu t S an c tio n o f M a rc h 2 9 th re fe rs tu th e P e th io o o f th e C ortex o f 1 /8 9 , as as to a suggcscioD to tb e sam e e flee t, m ad e to C h arles iV . l»y c e r ta in M em bers v f th e CwuDcil o f C astile , tu w hich h e gave au ^w er * 'th a t b e ha<l ta k e n th e rfsu liitio n eo rrcsp o u d io g tu th e sa id p r a y e r ; ” bu t ordaining; th a t , fo r tb e tim e beiuj^, th e g re a te s t secrecy sh o u ld b e k e p t, aa soobc ex p ed ien t fo r h b serv ice, an d added th a t th e M cm bei’s o f hi» Couu> eU shoitid istue th e P r a ^ a t i c SanetloD , io sueb eases c u s to m ary ." C h a rk s IV . 's w ishes o r inteu« tio iis w ere th u s m ad e kuow n a n d secrecy en jo ioed ; b u t th e P ra g in a iic S an c tio n so o rd a lu ed w as never issued— th e law w as n e v e r perfec ted , n o r pubU^ibed, an d it n o w becom es a question w h e th e r Jtis B urces- so r , F en lin an d V I I . , co u ld do th a t w blcb liis F a th e r refused , o r o m itte d to do, a f te r so lo n g an in te rv a l as fo rty -o n e y e a rs , w hen no t a s in g le person en g ag ed in tb e o rig in a l tra n sa e tio n is lo b e found alive.

In o rd e r how ever t o co m p reh en d th e tru e n a tu re an d e x te n t o f tb e f ra u d a ttem p ted , i t is n ecessary to ex am in e th e R eco rd o f t! ,e i'tm vocatio ii an d s ittings o f th e C ortes o f 17®^» (A ppendix B .) T h is p a p e r was p r in te d b y th e Q u een ’s o rd e r (also B .) iu b e r ch a r a c te r o f {«oveme^s o f tb e R ea lm , d a te d J a n u a ry I, 1833, a b o u t u in e m o n ths b efo re h e r h u sb an d ’s d e m ise . R e p e n ta n t, <rr a c tu a te d b y a benfic o f honour und p ru d en ce , a f te r th e re c e p tio n g iven to h is P ra g m a tic S an c tio n o f 2 9 th M a rc h b y th e re flec t- jug; p o rtio n o f th e com m unity , i t w ou ld a lm o st seefn as if* tb e K in g b ad dec lin ed ta k in g an y fu i lb « rp a ia in an affair, re p n g n a iit to h is fee lings, as w eli w*

a la rm lo ^ to h is couscicnec, an d acco rd in g ly had le f t th c Q u een to ta k e a l l th c rcspoosiblU ty upoQ hcrsc ir.

F ro m th c second e n try on th e R tc o rd i t appear!; th a t , iu M ay , t h a t is , th e y e a r a f te r th e dea th o f C h arles IIT ., c irc u la r le t te rs o f conTOcatioo w ere issued in thc K in g ’s n am e to a l l th c C ities, h av in g a vot« in C u rte 9, to jiciid u p D ep u tie s to do h o r a a ^ an d ta k e th c o a th o f a llcg iancc to P rin c e F erd in an d o f A stu ria s , th e n five y e a rs o ld , “ conform ably to th e law s, p riv iicges an d an o ien t cu s to m o f tb e K in g d o m , and m th e fo rm a n d m a n n e r as i t is m u a l and cu^ ton iary to ta k e th e o a th to th c f irs t-b o rn P rinces an d H e irs th e reo f,” &e.

A lth o u g h d o in g ho m ag e to th e H e ir A p paren t, as P r io c e o f A stu ria s , ia a m ere cerem ony , i t wUI n ev erth e less h e seen th a t th e eoQTooatory le t te r &u* D ouuccs th c specia l purpose fo r w h ich th e D epu ties a re sum m oned, a s is th e p ra c tic e ou o il p a r tic u la r o cc a s io n s . T h e le t te r cn jo ius th e C onstituency , to w hom i t is add ressed , to see th a t th e D e p u tie s a rc p rov ided w itb , ao d do b riu g w ith them , fu ll au d ¿uflicieot p o w ers fo r th e p u q iu se afo resa id ( m e a c io g to ta k e th c o a th o f a l lc ^ a n c e ) an d also to t r e a t , ta k e e a g s iz a n c e of, e u te r upon , confer, a ^ e e to au d conclude b y C o rtes , o th e r m a tte rs , in cane thgy shou ld he pTO pattd." 'fh c le t te r fu r th e r enjoinR th e D ep u tie s “ p e re m p to rily t o b e p re se n t in M ad rid , o n th e U t o f A u gust, w ith o u t fa il and prov ided w ith th c afo resa id fu ll an d sufficient po 'vers, w ith a l l th o se idanses au d circ uni s tances rc q n ire d io s im ila r cases fo r th e ir g re a te r fo rm ality , u n d e r th e p en a lty tb a t , i f th e y shou ld n o t b e p re se n t, o r

13

u o t provided w ith faU an d sufficient ponrers, tlie busin ess w o u ld b e p roceeded in .”

’l l ic m ode o f co u v en iu ^ th e C o rtes , an d w b a t cons titu te s a leg a l a»iseiubl; o f th a t B o d y , w ill b e h e re a f te r uo ticcd , w ben a eonjparisoD is m ad e betw eeu tb e m udc in w h ich tb e L a w « f P h ilip V . w as e s ta blished a n d tb a t b y m ean s o f w hich i t w as a ttem p ted to ah o liih it . I t w ill bow cT cr a p p e a r ev id en t to ev e ry one w ho considers th e w o rd in g o f th e co n - vocatw ry L e tte r , o r W r it , above m en tio n ed , th a t th e C v rtcs o f 1789 w ere ca lled to g e th e r o n ly fwr the avow ed o b jec t o f do ing hom age to th c P rin c c o f < \sturias, a n d th a t liad i t bceu in ten d ed to give them a de lib e ra te voice, i t could have been only as r e g a rd e d m a tte rs o f ro u tin e , ao d n ev er co u ld have h a d re fe rence to th e abo lition o f a L aw , so lem nly enac ted w ith th c co n cu rren ce o f th e T h re e E s ta te s , d u ly convened au d specnally em pow ered , 'l^he co n - T ocato ry Lcttpj* M ay 3 1 , 1789, ad d ressed to o n ly one E s ta te o f th e re a lm , docs indeed say th a t i ts D e p u tie s , o r R ep resen ta tiv es , a r e to com e provided w ith fu ll an d sufficient pow ers to co n c lu d e o th e r m a tte rs , “ in case th e y sh o u ld b e p ro p o se d ; ’ h u t it w ou ld havp been d ifflco ltfo r th e ir c o u s titu e u ts to p rc - p 5vrc iostruccions fo r such a cou tiogcncy , o r to p r o v id e th em w ith pow ers c y n t ^ i t i g specia l c lauses a n d c ircu m sta iires ,” a d e q u a te t o an n n tu rc seen erocr- g cney , o r ca lcu la ted to i^anction a n y g en e ra l m e a s u re , th e sec re t o f w h ich w a i re se rv ed to the S overeign au d ills m in later.

'Fhe D ep u ries ca lled to C o rte s , in 1789, h ad no id e a th a t th e y w ere sum m oned fo v an y o th e r ¡»urpose

14

fhftu to b e p re^^ n t a t a rh u rc h cei^nioiiv . IlaT ing assem bled aui! th e prcU iD ioarf arraD |;en ieu ts being; m ad e , on th o l*^b S ep tem b er, tiiKy p ro iT cdeil in a body to th e palaxte, w h e re th e Kiog; addressed them a a d to ld ih rm th a t “ th e o b jee l o f th e ir cDnv«x^atioiJ w as to d o hiHiiage to th e P rin v e o f AsEurins, an d also tn t r e a t an d conclude b y C d rtes o th e r m u tte rs w hich w ould be su b tu itt^d to th em b y th e P re s id e n t o f th e C o an c il." T he K in g havin;^ w ith d raw n , th e P r e siden t, fo r (h e fire t time> in fo rm ed th em th a t tho C o rtes w e re to rcm aii) open , o rd e r to ta k e m ea- Hurea respecting; th e L aw o f SHccesbiuu, fo r w hich p u rp o se th e y w ere a tle rw ard s to a»«semble in the H a ll o f th e K iiigdom ^f a t th e p a lace o f B ueu R e tirft,”

T lte ce rem o n y o f bw earing a lleg ian ce to th e H e ir A p p areu t to o k p lace o n th e 2 3 rd o f th e ^am e m onth , in th e e h u re h o f 8 t . J e ro m e nud in th e p resen ce o f (h e K m g an d Q u e e n ; b u t th a t , in o th e r coun tries, a n d partl«n ilarly in K n|cland, th is w as a t t) ie tim e considered th e o n ly o b jec t fo r w hich th e C ortes v e r c th e n assem bled , w ill a p p e a r from th e acco u n t l^lven u f th e ir m ee tin g iu th e A im iial R e g is te r o f t h a t y e a r , (A ppend ix C,) In Spw n n o th in g fu r th e r w as know n o f th e ir a c ts til) 1809,* w hen a question

** S u i'p r i« « v i i l o o i M / e l t « t t h i s r c v c l a i l r « , «w bca U ii> r* ia e K b « r« d

t h a t C o o n t f l o r i d u b k n f * , a o < T f» « v e ly t l i e M in iR tr r o f C h a r k » i l l . a n d

I V . aa<1 A B th « r o f t h e K h e o c f o r ib p kboli&luB o f Ih « Ta w o f P h lli |r

V . , W M s l ip c (n ) 9 0 6 , w i J n |r r a t i ;u S v d M o r n a ) a t b e C m t r t l J o a u , n f

be wii {Mttrim «levWd Pimdcnt. He LaJ prLvitfQilr b*ad«cl ( h r i u o r r t c t i u n m h k p r o v in c e ; ba t» w h n i i e r i t w u v w i a f t n

h la a d sv tc ^ d M^c, n r ih « 4 l0 c a m e s » fb iB n e w p o sU lo n , w ) ie a m » l) « d

• f t « r » l o o r i j i r o p a » i c ( if« , h « « » lu n rd n o t h i n e M h i e tv rS K r

15

itfosc «05 to w lic tber, o r n o t, th e P rinocss C b arlo ltc o f BrA'zil, a f lc m o rd e Q u een o f P o rtu g a l, could u65umc th e R e ^ n c y w itli udvaDt-agc an d ev en tua lly succeed to tb e th ro u e , Id ease b c r tw o b ro th e rs , a t th a t perio d p riso n e rs in Franec> sh o u ld uoc re tu ru . W tia i b a d been done iu th e C o rtes o f 1/B 9 w os cben fo r Che f irs t tim e ap p ea led to , au d th e reo n th e C ent r a l J u n ta raade a re p o r t , in w h ich th e q u es tio a o f e sp ed ien cy , r a t l ie r tlian tb a t o f r i ^ h t ,v a s d i » : u ^ d ; b u t tb e m a tte r w en t u o f u r th e r ; u o r wets u a y th in g m o re k n o w n o f th e s e e rc t tran sac lio n s a lluded tu , u n til Q ueen C hrifltiua o rd e re d tb e R eco rd to be pu b lish ed , as e o n ta io iu g im portE m t duuum ents fo r h is to r y .”

T h e c o u r t p a g c a titry b e in g o v er, th e D e p u tie s , to lh € n u m b e r o f “*>, r e p re « jn tio g 3 7 C ities a u d one T ow n, o n th c 3 0 tli o f S ep tem b er, m e t a t B u en Retirt>, w h en a s tr ic t o a th o f secre^^ w as a d m in is te red . T h e ir P re s id e n t, n o t e lce l«d b y them selves, b u t ¡daced

U k n t » t a d f im o « « » o f c U r M k r , H U p ire ; I ja lr e a n d h (» L s t í b r « n .

j y y t d ih « rcfflfidenct: o f iw o ninjuLfclm r e n d e r e d b í a s q o b jc t» o f w o e -

í’H k in i a tí»* o f iJ»c p e o p l e ; w d wbM > fro K i ü i c g r e a t b o U n n r o f

Ü ic p fc U fc o r A n n j M 2 ,o A t b c 2 5 th S c p fa .iu b fp , 1 8 0 8 , U ie d i> v o w h ic h

t b f C « B tn l J n n i » w o* ÍA B U lled , t í « o M C o n a t r e p r o c U iio c d F f td ln u k d

V i l . 1 0 d i e & v o u r i(« r e ú d » n < e o f b i s , \ i i c « » o n i , t h c « ce n e o f b i» e h iU -

h o v d v i d «ke p U c e w h c r c b y f e n c r a l a c d a v u l o a h t h a d h w » d « l a r e d

KIng:— ü i c « > y s u n i ie r ' ia « l te d m í o le a r » . T b e n a i n e o f F e t d i a i n d V IC .,

t h « * p r U c o e r id «he U u d s o f » f o r t í p , l y w . w L e b t d b e í r . j e d

W u i , h ü h m b e r a n d b u p « p k , p to n o u . c e d b b s o b b i n í a n d

í M l w r h i i v o i « b j A r v e n e ra b le P r c s id c n t , b r o i i |h « * e tJ ie M c U le c -

t io B o f ü i c p e o p l í t b c i r 8 o w n á p . '6 A n k e r r o r * , u i h c « m e t im e

b e ig ! t te ® ia í u d h a l b w i n * The e Q ib a a U s m w lt) i w h ic h th c y fr ;p ía » e d

U . C oQ B t tlo r ld » b J » 8 tiÉ . l íB u ia g f r o n r ^ i i ^ m e h t , d id o o m o r e

t h M th if l f v t h i t c r tn n tfy a n d d ie d tí»? f o l l ^ w i n ; f i a r .

f»TCr th em by th c G o v ernm cn l, ihcD su b m itled to tb e in a P ro p o sa l t o a l te r th e L aw o f Snccesftion, as esta lilishc^ in th e tim e o f P liilip V ., th « w ho le d rift o f w hich, afi w ill b e i»een from th c R ceo rd , h io ^ ^ t oti th e exped ieuoy o f th e m easu re suggested . I t a lludes t o th e diA ieulties w hieh firo“« od th e d e a th o f C h arle s I I . , a n d e rin m era tes th c tw o pa iticm lar cases i l l w hich S pain is aUcg:ed to h av e been beoefitt^d by fem ales su e e e e d iiii to th e C row n . I t dw ells upon th c ad v an tag es o f re s to r iu ^ a law a n d custom o f o ld e a tim es •, h u t it docs n o t a r ra ig n th e m otives u jion w hieh th e m o d ern en ae tiu en t wag founded , A lthough i t deelar<^s tb a t th e S ta te reaso n s w hich g av e rise to i t , h a d ceascd to ex ia t. In 1 /9 9 , tbc tra n q u ili i ty o f th e tim e s w as a lleg ed a s a p le a fo r (h e a lte ra tio n , w h e reas , in 1830, th e distiirU ed s ta te o f E u ro p e , w hich im m edia te ly follow ed, is sa id tu have been tb e i*au6e o f th e secrecy e i^o io ed an d k e p t , w h ich th u s p rev en ted tb e p ro je c te d L aw from b e in g c a rr ie d to i ts com pletion .

T h is P ro p o sa l w as fo llow ed b y a P e tit io n (vide R eco rd B) a lre a d y p rep a red b y Ih e P res id en t, ac ting as th e official o rg a n o f th e G o vernm en t, w h ich h e su b m itted to th e C o rtes fo r th e ir ad o p tio n , as em b rac in g “ th e te r iu s o f tb e 1 ‘r a y e r w hich th e K io gdo iu m ig h t ad d re ss to I l t s M ajes ty o n the so h jee t, in every th in g conform able t o h is sovere ig n in te n tio n s .” » T h e C ortes th e re fo re w e re

* F o v o f r l r ) a J^ agL in d K ill« w e re p re » c iit fd l o t b c i a tb o fo n o

o f P « J tk » a s . T b o ft« t y » * i c h h e n r c h i s i M c n t r tp s t« r « < l a i a o o f

t h e roIJft n f P d rlt« iB « Q t, w i th h 'a B n sw e i to U i c o ? M d « u W q w iU ly

f tm o e d l a » S tiiC uw s b y t h e J u d ^ r a . I t w i ? i h e s a a i e iu S p a in , w h e a .

n o t allow ed & delibcraiiT e voice, an d acco rd iug ly . w ith o u t hesita tio n , p ra y e d th a t tb e o ld m ode o f Succession gbonld be rev ived , “ b y llie pub lica- tion o f a L aw an d F i’ag w atleu , m ad e d u d enacte«! iti Cort<rs, b y w hirb mcaDB tb is re so lu tio n a n d th e a b ro g a tio n o f th e I/iiw o f I 'b ilip V . sb a ll a p p e a r ." T il*8 P e ti t io n w a s iinanSiuously c a rr ie d , s igned by a l l th e m em bers, an d a fte rw ard s fo rw ard ed to the m in is te r, Ci>nnt F lo rid ab lan ea , acco iupau ied w ith a sep a ra te ad d ress , “ig u ed by th e F rcM d fu t an d four u jcu ibers o f th e C ouiunl o f C&stile, dcsignatftd as A^sUtnnt^ in C ortex an d s ig n ing in t h a t c h a ra c te r . T h is ad d ress seem s to have se rv e d as a leg a l op in ion upon th e P e titio n o f ib e C o rte s , w hich it w as evid en tly in ten d ed to nphold ,

'I*be an sw ers i*f C h arles IV’- have a lre a d y been no ticed . T o th e addres!>, p re sen ted b y the Presi* d e n t an d f(*ur uieuil>ei's o f th e Coim eil o f C astile , he rep lied th a t ho h ad ta k e n th e re so lu tio n to a ssen t t o vvhat th e y «iig^e^tcd, an d th e re o n th e farcc o f a pubUcati(»n, w itti closed dours, f<>llon*ed, no t o f tbe C o rtes’ P c titio u an d its A nsw er, h u t o f th e A ddress from th e C ouncil. T b e ft>rm o f th o p u b lica tion , •under d a te o f Ocitober 3 0 th , is p reserv ed in the p rin ted K ccord, as i t w ould abnosC seem , to uphold th e decep tion . I t s ta te s tliu t w h a t “ H . M . o rd a in ed w as lo b e fulfilled, tb e o n g ln a l P e titio n an d R esolu tio n ueverthclesa b e in g k e p t Bccret, in o rd e r lo be

e r f c x h t r e w a« a n ¡Q f i r r e u t io n o n t h e iw r i o f t h e C o n e « , ih « f r s m ie f

o f U c S u » « t< d f v & I .I m « |< ^b t b e w h c B « i t d c r i m l i h f n a m e

r>f / i m * t u t h « s e * t« ie i i e r « i n « f r e e d u p n u . A f te r iK e ro y a l

B Q f tio B « i d O ee p r w n u l f » l o n , i i b e c a n te a la « r * n o l l i i l

to n io r ro w h i C v r te a ;’’ b u t th u t /o m o r n w D evcr cam e. T h e K in ^ ’» A oxw er to th e CoMesi’ I*e- titio ii WHS afterw arclH re a d to tb e Ilunse» in w bich h e promi'<cd “ to o rd a in th c d jem ber? ot* h is C o u D c i l

u> issue th c i*raûiati<: tâDCtiou, e.xpedient Hnd {•ustomary ou nucU o t'casio n s.’' T lie D ep u tie s th en ren ew ed th e ir fo n c u rre n c e , an d req u es ted th a t th e l ‘ra |cm atie SaDctioii w hieti H . M . (m ean iug C harles IV*.) h ad been &o p leased to reso lve , “ sh o u ld be l i iu e d , w ith a ll th e u su a l r lau se^ uti4 g a a ra o tc e s .” T liii how ever xras n ev er d o u e .

T h e D ep u tie s afte rw an li, renew ed tb e ir o a th o f secrecy , b in d in g ibeni>*elvcs n ev er lo divulg:e w hat h ad been tra iisa« ted rcgard iuK tb c S iiccesn o n ; and th c H ouse dissolved. Cbai’le s IV . hy m eans o f th is ex p ed ien t o f h is m iu is te r , wa& th u s le ft em pow ered to issue a P ra g m a tic S an c tio n f o r th e p u rp o se o f perfeiting* a p a r tic u la r f.a«*, w hich h e afte rw ard s fa iled , vv u b jt'c led io d o : b u t t h a t fo rm ality , as welt a s th c subseip it'n t p ro m n lg a tio n , H ere esiêntial to i u fo rm a tio n ; because, in S p a in , a s w ell &.s every w h e re e lse , a b a re reso lu tio n , coufiued to th e b reast ot* th c L e g is la to r , w ith o u t mAnlfe.stiui' i ts e lf by som e extei*nal «igu, can n ev er b e p ro p e rlv a law,*» 'J*he pow ers o f th e ( ’o r te s besides w ore n o t u n lim ited ; an d th e ir pc ik io u an d reso lu tio n s being; a d d rc ^ e d to u p a r t ic u la r M ouatV h, i t c a n n o t b e ioiaîocd ti ia t h is S u ccesso r co u ld avail hiniiJielf ot* ibem , » ea rly h a lf a c en tu ry n lterw ards.

I t fu r th e r a|ipearH, fru iu th e p rin ted Re(;ord, th a t th e P ro p o sa l o f Ih c C o rtes w iis, ilirou-^b th e m edium

* B larkfttA ne*» C onD R tT M itk« . N » t iu e o f i . i w « I n ir rn « l a l , S « i . IS,

of the SicTC tary « f fitM e, traD Sm itted to th e Pre* w hu a t ten d ed flie i^ re itio n v o f ta k h ig th e o a th

1.0 tlic P rin c c o f A s lu m s , in Uic w ay o f cousiilta tion . 'fh e y w ere ilirp(;W<! to s tu t r th e ir op in ton m t« w h e th e r th e King-, in co n ^ c io n « a n d iu justicc» I'oiild an d o u g h t to a c c e Je tu t l ie p ra v e r o f the C ortes/* c a rc b e lti^ ta k e n to conocal th a t th e w hole Whs a e^tTHtagcm o f th e m iiiU ter. A s is seen from ih<?ir answ er, a t th ^ end o f A ppendix B ., th** «bsequl- oil«» P re la te s acq u ie sced ; and « re n u rg ed th e S o re - fe ign to c a rry th e o ipasure p roposed iu to fu ll effect, “ foondinff h im se lf upon th e g re a t u tility derived from th e observouoe o f th e old |ja w .”

H ere , howevevy w e »lare th e sam e difficulty- I t i« a novel v ircum stauee , in th e L eg isla tive A nnals of S pain , to see th e B en ch o f Hi'^hops« convened fo r a n o th e r ptarjiose, g i?n ig a le ^ a l a n d (Kmscientlous op in ion ujion th e a lte i’a tio n o f a F im d an ien ta l L aw , supposed to have o rig in a te d tit a lw)wcr H o u se . Thc tim id C harl«^ IV . doiihtIe$iA a tu o h c d to th e ir ap p ro b a tion a ll th e im portA oie due to i t ; b u t n e ith e r he, n o r hlH in ln is te r h ad th e c o u ra g e , n o r, on m ore m atu re de lib e ra tio n , th o u g h t i t ex p ed ien t to re a liz e th a t w hich th e D ep u tie s t j f 3 7 C ities an d I T ow n, su p po rted by 19 P re la te s , in th e ir sec re t eo n e la re s , h ad v en tu red to '•uggest an d approve.

N o S ta tu te h av in g been th e n en ac ted to abolish , o r a l te r th e l.aw o f Succession , as e s tab lish ed in thc t im e o f PhU ip V ., i t th e re fo re re m a in s in fa ll fo rce ; no t o n ly ag reeab ly to th c u n ire rsa l m ax im s o f ju r i s p rudence , b u t a lso hy v ir tn e o f a specia l PDactmeot, passed in th e re ign o f th e sam e m o o areh an d b e a rin g th c d a te c»f Ju n e 12,1714, w h ereb y i t i^ o rdained

** Chat a ll tb e Lnw s o f th e K ingdom w hich h a r e no t beeo e x p ra s s l j a b r u ^ t e d b y su b seq u en t o ties , sball b e l i te ra l ly observed .” *

NotwithstRQding; th e se in fo rto a lh les an d illeg a litie«, Q ue«n C h ris tin a per»Í»ted lo h e r det«*nnmatinu to secu re h e r D a u g h te r upon tlie th r o u e ; ao d aC ' I’o rd iu g ly th e cerem ony o f sw earlo g o lleg iaoee to b e r , as P rluee^s o f A stu ria s , to o k p la c e in the ch u rch o f Sc. J e ro m e , in M ad rid , o ü th e 2 0 ib JuoC r 1833. I d ev e ry re sp e e t it resem bled th e one perforiQ i'd in

tb e D eputieij from %“J C ities an d I T ow d hav iog beeu sutuD ioned fo r th is sole p u i ^ s e . T ttu w ere e lec ted fo r each p ia re , th e ir to ta l D um ber am o u o d n g to 7 6 ; b u t th e y w ere Dot a llow ed a d e lib era tiv e Toif^. I f th e Iiifa tila D o n a Isab e l b a d n o leg a l r ig h t Co tb e th ro n e , o r to th e d eo o a iln a tio n o f P r iu - ces8 o f A stnrlasi, p rev iously vested i a h e r , i t w ill searec ly b e a rg u e d tl ia t thh^ i;burch ee rem o n y , liow- ev er l>rÍUÍaDt i t m ig h t have been^ an d a lth o u g h H w as foliow etl b y bulU feasts, could h av e con te rrcd ODe upuD h er.

I t ¡K n o w tim e to con sid er how th e L aw o f P h ilip V . waft estab lished .

* A u t v i J f o r é t á » ! f r i r w W i« « « « « « * « ¡ M > r « 4 d « L ^ g t t 4 e

(1 » » , A « U «drl< ^, 1 7 7 9 . AuU> i , I M . 2 , 7 U . i .

( H A P . I l -

Fìoridaiiliiuca’s in sid io m designs— D eelÌM o f ihe H o u se o f A u s tr ia in ¿ ^p a in ^ itev ìe tu o f the la*t re ig m o f ih u t d y n a s ty . M a rria g e o f L o u U X I V . w ith the Sp<i*ti*k ln fim t< ^—H e r retiuitciiiHon*— H it u lte rio r view s to u n ite the tw o ntonarchie^’ P i / - renean TVeuiy— AUxrm 9 f the m aritim e pow ers— T h e ^ couUsce to t A«xA the atHhilion o f F rance— Chfirltk //.'& d i ^ u l t i e * — Subm it* them to hìà Counc il— T'/te discussions tcAirh e n .fu e d ^ J ts opinion— 27ie Cortes ou^A t to hari' 6<en assemò/f’d ^ T A f m a tter referred to the P ope— H i» atcard— D eatho f CAarles I I .

I 'H A T F io rid ab liin i'a shou ld push h is r o ja l m aste r 8 0 fa r an surreptitiously* to u b ta io from th e C ortes o f 178y aD a u th o r ity , w ith th c sem blaoce o f C onsti- tntion&l fo rios, t o a l te r th e L aw o f Succesjiion as e stab lished in 1713, a u d th a t h e sh o u ld a fte rw ard s s iirin k froio t\ì6 taak th e reb y im posed npon him , w ill Dot a p p e a r stran^«^ to tho se w h o h av e stud ied th a t ùlAtesHian’s w ily coùduct. C h arles J I I . , a s w ill h e h e re a fte r seca , alw ays evinced thc u tm o st ten ac ity in upho lò lùg th e L aw o f P h ilip V ., rh c foundation o f h is own r ig h t an d co o seq n cn tly th a t o f h is tw o su rtT sso rs. T h e c ireu m stau ces itu d c r w h ich ib is

law w as cnacteU w ere besW cs so lem n am i iiiipoj^iiig, T o tb e a tra o g « iiie n t4 m aile a t th c p e rio d o f b is a«;- ecssiion, aluiOKt a ll th e 2»tate& o f E u ro p e w ere p a r t ie s , an d o n e w ould h av e tboug^it th a t th e u iu ritiine P ow ers w ho tL cn t«H>k th c le a d , w uuld h av e fe lt au im m ed ia te iu tfircst in th e p rc su rra tlo n o f tlie p r in ciples U|irtn w bieli thos«? arraD|fei»eTits w ere tbuodcd.

I t w ill be rem em b ered th a t th e passin g o f th e SpaoiBh C row u from th e Houiio o f A u s tr ia to th a t o f B ourlx in , gave rise to a g e n e ra l 'v a r , folio «red b y a serie* u f lieg o tia tlo n s, nnexam pli«d tiU th o se o f tbe g en e ra l p e a « , iu 1814- T b e v ic to ries o f C harloe V . b ad e x h au s ted S p a in , a lth o u g h fo r th e m o o ien t they se rv ed lo hum blp th e p ow er o f F ra n w .» H e w as n ev erth e less u n ab le to se c u re h i i e n tire dom in iobs t o hw so d ; au d a lth o u g h the 6 r? t s ta g ts o f Philip1 1 . s re ig n w ere b rillm n t, h e ra sh e d in to am bitious p ro jec ts w ith o u t att«ndÌD g to th e w elfare o f bis P eb itis iila r ftub jw ts, lo w hose safferiu}r>* h e becaioe Inseusib le. H is d is ta u t ex p ed itio n s th in n ed th e pop u la tio n o f Sj»ajn, ru in e d h e r U a d e , d estro y ed h er navy, and e n ta ile d upou h e r lieavy debts. H e left

♦ S o V m * t f i t h t N e lh C T lii td i a > o ( in n e d u a * t« i r » B d v n i f o n t ih g a n d

t b ? N 'o r tb e tD p r t m a ^ o t G e n iA n y w c r* M b j c t t t o ì ' i I b p ì j , ib c

p rtw « * o f F m e e d id • n t f x t t n d b e y o n d H r i t r i y « lod A r io l s . W h h f to * e

w t o u i ^ V » j c o n s t i tu te d » K & c U e d f w i u b m m t h e r f i r n C L iu ta e r m t

i u e c i c c b i « ^ u i d th « iM iio n j o f F .e r » |« « e r a u i t ì iu ts k u M io Q w k e a

C tia r le » V . b ce am p fiov p r« ig ii o f FI«ad».T« « u d K i- ib a n i , o n i ip d e o b a

di>fnlci1 o a i » h c 1 ? H t « f t o f i « o f i t i« N e tb c r l a n d s , BAd u& a t b e **m e

l in à i R in g « f a o d B i a f i e r u r r t f G e n u n a y T fa li c T ten » i?p j w w «

« e i w d kbc j r t i o M y o f ? i i a c U I , « b o e e p o i e m k H i i » r r e ti»u& tm -

r ircJ ed i M<d ih c u u ir u s i tb e u c s u i ù a $ k i l t o ik j a c I t e a t ir « nfkT*

c o f ic ) a d c d fi>i ( ) )c K iA iuK Béoci: o f thi> H aJao ce u f P o w e r

liii k iogdom w€<ikcr th a n he tViund i t ; hi» profile b eu ig HO um i’h iu ipuvcrishcd a s to reodei* (h e ir r e covery e x trem e ly diffi<!ult.

T h e d b p o s iiio u o f P h ilip H I . w as penceable, and he endeavoured to re p a ir hi* PaEher's « rro rx , He conc luded a T re a ty w ith E u g lao d , di&<1o a tru ee w ith th e D n tc li, an il iticroduced p la n s o f re tre n e h - roen t a t hom e. H ow ever, a t th e i i is t i ;a tio n u f the N(»bleH aoil c o n tra ry to h is F a th e r 's p o liey ,h c d ro rc (lie ^foo^s f r o Q j G ran ad u , w I h » f i f t p r w a n i s UHr&ine h is im placable en em ies; an d ihe b e s t c u ltiv a ted ¡»or- tio n o f his k indom w a^ th u s le ft w ith o u t in h ab itan ts .

P h ilip IV . ifa n e d t« A ustri.i, aud coalesced w ith h e r Id chose t Ipwr o f u n iv e rsa l n iouarchy w h ich led to ilie L eague o f A vi^uon, iu l()‘in . H e h a d prcvi* «»ualy b ro k en w ith E o tflan d , a s w ell &s U oil an«!; oxid WHA SCO It ca lled upon to re sU t ivtm biucd uttacke upon hi« dom in ious, iu b o tli hem ispheres. T he P re n rb ex te o d e d th fiir rt)nquc6 ts oa ea^ih o f th e ir fro n tie rs— the D utH i s c a t an exped itio n against B raz il, wl*il5 t th e Portiiifiiese re n d e red tbeuiselves iodt*pcndcnt; an d a t Naple»^ a F ish erm an snbTcrtpU th e S pan ish pow er. T h e p o sitio n o f P h ilip IV , becau ie dep lo rab le , an d , w heu to o la te , h e perrekv»*d th e fo lly o f havltiic m ixed in th e schem es o f hia Fam ily C onnections a n d tb n s em b ro iled In s own affair*. X o l<*ng:er ab le to r a r r y vn th e w a r, ppai e w as copeluded w ith th e D u tc h on th e ir o w a te rm s, an d tb e lodep en d en ce o f P o rtu g a l m a in ta in ed . T he F ren ch a lso h a d g a in ed g re a t acrju3*iiiuns in the L ow C oucitries, an d C a ta lo n ia w as ru in e d by the p ro tra c te d co ittest.

I h e m isfo rtunes o f Kpain have alw avs «bided

strengrU tö P ra n c e , an d L a u h X IV . lo o p ro v id e n t n o t to ^ f ìi ire th e advnn t^ges w hich haii fa llen to b is .share, P h ilip a t le n g th bccaine convinccd tb a t , \id 1 cs$» b is » e ig h b u u r wa« p ro p itia te d , vrieldiii^ H6 b e d id a ^ c a t p a v e r nnü hiH p re ten s io n s stUl iiosatieficd , b is ow u kJugdoin w ould lie exposed to fu r th e r lotete», N ego tlfttions w ith F ra u c e w ere th e re fo re o pened , a u d i t w as arrang:ed th a t in te r v iew s shou ld ta k e p lace bctw eeti th e tw u m onnrehs, u ttcu d cd by tb e ir re sp e i'tiv e m in iste rs . P b ilip wùó m u rh em b arrassed b y o n e o f th e runU ltion« o f th c T re a ty p roposed , w h ich w as, th a t th c Freoi*!i K ing $ibould liave th e h an d o f b is e ld e s t D axighter. T bis b e fo resaw w ou ld , a t ironie tim e o r o th e r , ta k e th e SjiaoiHb C row n from bi& ow u Faiiiilv an d tra n s fe r it to a B o u rb o u line . H e w as how ever to o f a r im plica ted to rcced c , an d h is m in is te rs per& iiadid biui th a t n o th in g »hö rt o f th is alU anre ro u ld re n d e r tbe T re a ty so lid and seeure-

T b e interview^ an d tuarriag:e w ere consen ted to , an d tb e P y ren ean T re a ty conc luded on th e 7 tb N ov. 1669.* l lo p iu if to g u a rd a g a io s t tb p (« » -

* T b i s t a t c r i o u n a f e i ra » « n o)d p rv )« (t o f t b e P rcn r^ b , w Ii a « e r e

&1<««;8 cuB «14er«â t h e p r ia r if iA l u i i t r u i E a i U i s t h e o n e e o a -

i n u t e d \ n ( b o u i C b a r le s I . w b p , « r h r a P r iru ;« o f W a I o , o a d p % rp u & o -

I k e x c n t û u u t o S}>aln v> f w h t h c I n i u i » . P r M i d n t J^ ’S u a ja e ]«u

i a u t « f i l e n r ) ' IV , a î f r« Q c e t b e f o i l u n i o s s d n c * , a i p i d c i s th p

T re M ^ M falch b c a f i c r n « r t l ! c o o c l u d ^ w i tb S j u l a A t V f r r l m , in )9&fl.

“ T h o Q u e o i w f E n g l a n d , (K liS iabetb i w i l l h e a iw « ;« j a x i s o m a c b f o r

U», > lfe o q ( l i i tn b « f n i o f s t d U , a n J u o a i v r c S L « ä ^ i r e «

t b e iB C m e « o ( F ra n .* r lo i l i e L c iw C o o s o i e s a u m o re i b i i a t i ^ t o f

S | « i o i a n d ( h ^ r^ fo ra Ikcr H & U i4 n ec c s o o n i b e d c |i r s d i f d v o i t w » r o u

t i o n s i n ( b e W V» i a h o ^ i u f co iK iu e riB i t b c N e d i^ r J a s 'f ? ( n o i S p « ln t

i B e i e f o i e , U S p a i a b e s a A r r r d t « b e n u t i . ' t o i i l i » I « w C « « D E rN i< » a M

tin jp n c y m bkl» h e m ost drcaUoH, P h ilip IV , gave bla D o o g h tc r a D o w ry , an d m ade h e r rcDOiince a l l r ig h t and iit(c to th e S p ao ish (b rone, o n h e r own W h a lf an d th a t o f h c r i» ^ u e , as appear^« by tb e A ct. (A ppendix D .) T h is a r r a csg;cment'r a s aeccp ted and ra tified b y th e C o rte « ; b u t aH bou^h i t b a il been luade in tbe s tro n g e s t te rm s TvMeb tb e pret'-aiilions o f tb e M adrid eouucÌÌN (;oulil eon trivc , and Louis X IV . w as a 8 uÌK crlbiog p a r ty , b« n ev er h e ld i t as b iud ing . T he F re u d i c o u r t re g a rd ed i t as a m ere form ality» in ten d ed “ to batisfy th e w ishes o f th e S paniard» , a n d disisi p a te t i ie a la rtn w hieb tb e E u ro p e a n Pow er« m ig h t have conecivcd a t th e d ls- d o s u rc o f a design tu un ite th e tw«> M on a rch icm.” *

elihfc tw keep t i e m f o r h w ie S f o r iive tl.?m t o ih « Arc)i<lulie A lb e r i , in

tD ir r ik a e w l ih t b e I n n a t a l6 e b r lls > I 'r u K C w i l l b t i T l o tcair t b a t th e

f to r ie o i aiU A oce beCw ecfl K B :lB o d M d the Huose o f B a r p a o d v w l t l b e

r e « rw c d > o f w b ir h w e b a v e f o n n ^ r l y i e h s o n u w ) t e d e f « c t > ; Ib crc*

f u r c flhe a 4 i i» e e t) ie p«« cc w i th ^ J ib e r t« »0

c M ic lo d e (h i« n a r r i a t e , a n d t h u s h a < e f o r * o c i ^ b u u r , ft p c U f p r io c « ;

i i i1>e B irrio fe cb o iiA i b e »eroi>i|iUibe«1 a n d &he I n f a n u ](ir«xj tu AJbert, wUI D(rt d A tr to taxA cne U ie K ih b 'is e n e m y ; am i f r o a j V in i ] l u l r ie (o

W f ra r rd » f o r ihnng;!) F ra tlM * rv u U ba*cr BO tbÌD ^ tn fo a r f ro m « u f h a

^ r i n r e , » e c b a p n » c r w iii ild b a v e a | ( r e a t d r a J Ui f e a r f r v o / i m m . ”

S e ll jt , th e M SaW tcr o f H en ry I V . I n ^ r t o i 0«, U »«>» tb e < k w

o f I>oii)a X n i . 4o d o f th e Q nceh M o lb ^ r , to fo rm a S|tU iU b m atch

o b ia ia cbc N eib e rla Q d « , a n d t b a t H c n r/ )V . wouSd h%i'e lio a e tl»e » 4 0 c

tbÌA K. a fid h a » e lu n rrk 'd th e I n f v t u o f w e ie s h e c r e r so o ld to ii

a g ly , l i b e co a Jd h a re o n r r x d th e l.fvw CftuotHeft ir ith h < r.* ‘

* A i ( h e e e t y c o o n e o i o f p m » ì o e t J ) i e s o l e m n a c t . M a ^ a i i u d i c k r c d

i h a t , i a i p k e o f a I 'e n u i u 'W i i o n , t b e K l o f n j i * h e p r e t e n d t o i b « 5 « » ;c c a -

d u a o f S ) > a in a a 4 t b e N e i h e r l a n d a ) o r i g h t O f U h w i f e . I s » D b s e ^ u e K t

p e i i o d s t l i e d i p l o « » c k c o r r t « i * o o d e p c e , a n d e r e a t b e v o b l i r p a p e r s

n b ’r e h e e o a n a t e d f r o t u t b e F r e n c h C a b i a e t , ì o r « r ù b ) y a s » r t e d t h e «4 * e

p r L o d p l e , " t h a i n o r r D u n c lM C li^ n b y a T r e n i h , o r S p a a U b P t k q c v w

'I'he a tte n tio n an<^ rosour<ê^ a l' F ran ce w ere iu i - ploypU in s ilen tly iii&turlng; tbi;- K(;Kpmc, ia which tb e K in g w as ab ly scco u Jed b y h is jn i i j is t t r , C ard in a l M a z a rln , an d th e jenlouAles ot* th c ©thcp Pow* era fav o u red itH p ro g ress . Ix>uis h o 'v ey e r au(!t5cedcd io O iô lv in g th c g ra tu i a llian ce w ith o u t « la b lís h in g tb e p rin c ip ie w hich h ad g iven b irth to it , an d th e Suixsessioü to th c C row n o f Sj»aiii, th o u g h lik e ly to bccoint* th c iiu iu ed ia tc caus^« o f a new w ar, w as left in tlie sam e u o i* r la in » tu c as bcf«»rethe com m cnee- m cu t o f hostilities.*

T h e obje«:ts o f th e P y re n e a n T reativ w ere alw ays w n s iile rc d , p a rtir-u la riy by tlie M aritim e P o w ers , as destru c tiv e o f th a t ba la iiee o f p o w er in E nrop« w h irh <ian o n ly 1>e rnalntairieU b y re n d e rin g thc C ro w a o f S p a in in d ep e tid en t o f tb a t o f F runce . T lie aim o f th c AlUainê o f lt>8 i) wits th pro fore to c'lieck th c am b itio n o f th c F rcu cb <;al»nct; an d h y m eans o f a defeusive aü la u e e ao<) g im ran lc« on th c p a r t o f

cuuld ÍBvalldate tte vigías <if hrr rhildn'ii, m* c b » ^ Ott of S o t t e í s w D « í a b l i s h c d l a c w iin iric * .’' C o x e* s M c s o i n i o f tH « K lu |s

**f ^|«a¡Q o f ih p H i> w c y f B ftf lrb o n , I J i j to r tc * J I n t r v d n n i o o S c e . Jil.

• S -í d * a í a '0 '* » a c o t i i a g c a c y , ( h e r c l u r c , i h í « hh>o

o f i J i e ( » 0 eooB urclije» v ( F i» o c e a n d & t« ln b d o ^ Íh fíe« ? t o n ;

t o f e i h p f i OHc w ü t i i l)4 ia« iae i h w ih # p ru M ip a l iH m '^rs « / £ u n > p « lu iJ

i b e n c a n / o f |» re .co i)B K ) t cn & sU B tl) Í b « i» « , tk » n u c t i io e .

U n í ic w a j o t L i w i w , F r í io c e i sW c o h iÍc» % fcu m ih « j í s i r

1 5 6 0 to t h e d c a tb o f K Íb ^ C h a r le » i k c ^ o o i i o f 8 p « m , S b e n w f lo>t

o f b c r « rp M o ^ > e c t. %ht e w M u i u n t o t b e w f io ie S p a a is f i M u m r c b f i

a o d U iP * cc ep » o d f t f vrlj] y í tb « K b « <^f S f e i n 5b A iiw uf u f t h e Í X tk f u f

A h ^ . A i « ]ie a t m t Ío*« Miih< o# b c r c r v a t « j c r i ¿ « r i a r t b k x i » f . a j

a b e i o » m o o p p o rP J s J ty « f i n f ( ^ to io g h p r p o f f c r , wh11» 8>ie íh r

t h u o í » o c c a ^ d itt^ i a b e r . B e J i n j ^ o k e — C « « vH . w n t b t

S w d T a a U U « c o fH Í« fa M f.

th e conic d e ra ted power.s, to p re \€ u t F ra n c e from aciju iri»^ a d an g ero u s an d undoc asecD dancy. ThiH is ev ident from tUe te rm s o f th e sej»aralc A rtic le , in vliIcK E it^ lau d and H o llan d h ound thcu)sclv*e'< to a.N»i»6 t A n stria , “ in ta k in g an d k eep in g pow«cs>lon u f Ih e S pan ish M onarcihy, wlieoKver th e ease shou ld h ap p en o f th e d e a lh o f C harles I I . w ith o u t law ful H e irs .” * T h U engH geiuent w as u t th e t im e ca lled fn r b y th e m en ac in g po'^’e r an ti av<»wed p re tensions o f F ra u c c , o a lcu la ied lo a tfeci w hole o f ih .it poUth^al sy<teui o f E u ro p e , u p o n whh^h independen t S talcij biid ac ted fo r age?

Loui» flleaililv p u rsu ed his &i;l)eiue o f aggrandize* i«e tit, an d itii« intentioQ*« w ere u o se c re t a t Ih e i ’o u rt o f ?^t. J a m e s . t So lo n g as ih c S lu a r ts w ere upon

• B o liB g h n ik s , l . e l io r \ \ " i . " H i l h r r t o t l i i ; p v w c r o f K w n r r liart

I x e i i f tlo o c rcK > rd cd , a n d h e r pcrtvD »k)Bfl i>**eined ( v iiA w t u n f ia d o r -,

o r t o w li* t p t r p n s c s h o o ld i h « ; h s r« ’ b c r s r « m m b e r « d . i^hSU t E e c o p c

w i e f o ib l ja f ty U y c o m t h n i e d ih M U ir a t w b o t* f T |» m c a b e

in c re « » e d b c r p a v e r , a j)d t i m a f r i e n d s u i 4 t b o u ^ i U e t i h n 4\A

n o u g i ) u p O B trf« r r o r r « i i o n i f 6h«v o jaH o .«oni« iv l r m b f e c v « p c « tn a B

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th e th m a c , th e ir p u lk y t r a i tc iap o rizm g tow ards Fi'aiKfi ; b u t th is « a« n i)t Ib e u a tio u a l fee ling . F rom tb € arocssio ji o f th e H o u se o f O ran g e , th e B ritish peop le zeah iu s ly engaged iu th e cum m ou ra u se o f E u ro p e , to red u ce th e ex o rb itn o t p ow er o f F rauce— to p re v e n t h e r fu tu re , n n d avenge b c r p a s t a ttem p ts . An u n u su a l s p ir i t o f animo>iity p reva iled , a n d th e co - Buiog w a r w as a w a r o f a n g e r , as w ell as o f in te re s t.* T h is fce liug eo n lin u ed a f te r tb e firs t effo rt, an d w hen th e fo r te s o f th e co n fed era tes w ere d isp e rsed and th e ir sh ips la id o p . F ra n c e , o u th e o th e r hand , re - ta iu ed hep h o stile a ttitu d e , h e r a rio y w as o q foot an d rea ily to a c t on a l l sides. H p r UeHgns w ere th o ro u g h ly u n d e rs to o d , a u d fo a l l ap p earan ces the questio n o f tb e S p ao isb acres^ ion w as a t hand.

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th e de i'linc . H e le ft beh ind h im au o u ly S tm , u n d er th e c a re «*f hi» .M other, au A u strian a n d no t lik ed by th e Spain£krds. T h e w hole roitfn (»t* h is »m^'essop, C harle 'i M. p re sen ted ao u n in te rru p te d H<icne o f vici«- s itad es an d mortiiication'H. HIj^ n itlU ary en te rp rises

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and r iv ii aU ianccs w e re a lik e uufortuD ate t o biti c o u n try 5 w hile b e h im se lf p io ed u u d c r bodily in firm ities, an d k een ly fe lt cbc dijâppoiutrocnt o f no t bav log issue. Ü U p red ilec tio n s , carctuU y u p h e ld by h is m o th e r, w e re a l l in favour o f th e H ouse o f A ustr ia . H e a lso placieii g re a t relia.nce upon tb e valid ity o f tb e rc tu iuc ia tious m ade by th e d a u g h te r o f P h ilipIV . w ben sh e in te rm arried w ith th e II<*u»e o f B o u rbon , h is an x io u s w ish being to m ain Cain tb e princî- p les an d o b jec ts fu r « hich th e y w cro fram ed,

T tie A u str ian iu te rc s t «vas s tro jig In S p a in a t thc tim e th c Marqui*« de H a rc o u rt re a c h e d M ad rid , in tb e c h a ra c te r u f envoy from L ouis X IV ., w ith in - Sitru<*tion>!, i f p o ssib le , to h av e a F renvb P rln e e ap po in ted as th c S nccc«sor u f C harles 11. ■, and^ a t all events, to use bU endeavnnrs to overcom e the Kini^'ji p a r iia iity fo r hi® <9c rrn aa re la tiv es . A scries o f in tr ig u e ? th e n couimeiK*ed, w hich ended iu the B ourbons g a in in g th e a^ccndnn«?y. 1 ’fie ir d e x te rity •RTis a p p a re n t ; b a t th e y w ere n ev erth e less aided by fo ítu itou» clrrumstaDCC$>, T h e Q ue n D o w ag er h ad ren d e red h e rse lf an d th e A u s tr ia u s uupop-ohu* by h e r iu ten n ed d liiig au d a rb itra r ) ' o(»nduut. S he h ad el&sited w ith so m e o f th e m o st pow erfu l pcrson- 2»ges o f th e S ta te , an d offended th e N ob les by g iv in g to h e r foreign an d rap ac io u s favo úricos p laces, h ich e rto h e ld only b y n a tiv e s . A se c re t p a r ty was form ed a e a in u h e r , th c lead ing m em bers o f w hich, d read in g ti ic p ow er an d > id n tty o f th e F rench as w ell a;» th e eon sequences o f dÍ'<appointÍng them« ev en tua lly e&puused th c B o u rb o n iu te riis t. T he Couuiîl o f S ta te w as soon jâlned o v er, and n o th in g rem ained b u t to uvercum e th e K in g ’s • o r u p l e ^ .

T h is Cask WHH le ft to CurdliiQl P u r lo -C a irc ru who h ad Î’euc infliu-Jicf a t co u rt. H e au d hi< fneiidji en d en v o arcd to tra n q u iD b e th e K ing ’s rixiMclcni'C, hy a^sn ring h im (b a t th c RcDUitclatlous o f tb c In - ta u ta , M a r ia Thpvesrt, w cvf gtK‘d acid Talid> so long

tJ iP r d id n o t g o beyond tb « ub jcc t lii view a t thc tim e th e y wpri? req u ired und a p rc c d t o j w hu 'h w as, fo r th e ta k e o f t i l « rep o se o f K uropo , to p rev en t I lk C

(.Vowns o f Ffttii«*e K!id S p a in from u n itiu g o n tht* âute heiid; ndd iog , th a t th is w ould h e th e ca>ê witb> u iit £>ie wlbC piêcaiitionK <<uggc»tcd to h in d e r the stocptre from devoM ni? to th e D a u p h in ; b u t th a t as thi! c ia tiu n s o f tb e Q u een , h>H (jrty id tn o th e r, «sensed to h e va lid , as no lo n g e r p ro d u e ib g th e effect fo r \rhi<rh th e y w ere o rig in a lly tram ed . T h e C ard in a l, w ho iu ev e ry re sp ec t h ad ta k e n th e lead , fu r th e r a rg u ed th a t , i f th e K ing p e rs is ted iu h is f irs t in te o tio n , th c cflcet o f th e K enancU tiutm w ould b e d iam etrica lly opposite to th e u n e co n tem p la ted au d be«iiiIeH dun- gertiUB to th e p eace o f E n ro p c , as w ell oa n o ju s t, by e x c lu d lu g a p a rtiu o la r P r iu re au d le g itim a te heir, an d p re fe rr in g o th e rs w ho b n d n o p a r ity o f r ig h t, w h e n co m p ared w ith th e t 're u c b line.

T h e K in g woa ico reo v e r th re a te n e d w ith th e di«- m em berm cn t o f th a t M o n arch y w hich th e R e n u n d - a tiiiu '. w ere d esig n ed Ci> p rese rv e ,» an d he felc tbe

♦ T h e p iT tJcB ls r* o f iK e T r w v o f P iir t iiifv n , o o n e lu ie e l in M u c h ,

M » d r1 d a t l i e h ^ i in n tn « ; o f J u n e , 1 7 0 0 , f i i « i f t n j iu u n jc i t v d

fc e * i i h e H a e n f l>> tJ»*' S p a itis I) R a » ^ )e n t , u « i f tf tr rw a rtl«

u f i t 'i iU y f ro m V c rs u lJ e * b y th « ; A n l « M M o r , C k arip «

tiioaC Meriaiis iilarui a t en ibro iU u^ a ll Europi^ tliroug li lulsfurCuiie.H eT<>iusjvdy iiid ow n. i^till he hesita ted — .Aimtrian blood flo»*ed in b is vcios, an d h e m>uIJ uot d iv e rt h im self u f a ll tb c a s ^ c ia t io n s nrisiD |; o u t o f a coiileiujdatW n o f th e p ow er 5ind fam e o f hi» p red ecesso r C h arles V , H e b ad a lre a d y m ad e a W ill in ta v o u r o f b is own lineage , an d tb c p a rtie s ooncerned h ad coifniy.aacc o f i ts co n ten ts . B y Ih c ch an g e p ro posed he w as ih n s req u ired to d estroy th e w ork o f bin owu bands. He reffarded F ra n c e ag th c w atch- fill r iv a l o f A u str ia , an d coD sequrn tly felt Ih e lu a^n i- tu d e o f th e sacrUice w b k b h e w as req u ired to m ak e .

'I'he t r ia l w as a r d u o u s ; an d , w ish iug lo co n su lt tb c p e r in a n e a i ad ran lfy fe o f h is subjects an d the tra n q u illity o f E u ro p e , h e a t len g th re so lv ed lo subm it Ih e d ileiim ia in w hich b e w as p laced to b is C ouncil, au d to ab id e by its decision . A t a >»peclal sitting;, th e C oun t de S an K slevan spoke d ire c tly In fiivour o f a Kreneb P rin e e . H e w as seconded hy the D u k e de M edin;i S id o n ia j an d th e p a r tiz a a s e n gaged h i th e tw o se p a ra te in te re s ts th e n , fo r tbe first lim e , o p en ly d ce iw ed ibeiuKelrcR, A m ore im p o rta n t tiueallou hais seldom been a g iia te d in a de libera tive assem bly , e a rh sp e a k e r b e in g sensib le o f Ih e aw ful sitnatiiH i i a w h ich b is c o u n try was p laced . T bo^e Nvbo saw Ih e p red icam en t in w]ii<;h th c K ing btood aud fe lt a dc.-ire to re liev e b iu i, had

I I . w i t ik e o a ijy o M m th « « f i s f e . a n d a t m » t h f p i f th at

y a w o rd te n « a tL h io j , l i o h i* ¿ o u c u k c o a e c n .! « o d n «

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d u « i a - 4 ih.«dtb« c p u a iry w h icb h i w dii ^ o .cn M n g .T iie d in iic w j : • b is c m q c i I s a h w | i r a t 1 j |»«rvl«&cd ) i | a .

CO con tend n u t o n ly ag a in s t th e w e ig h t o f A u strian hifluPuce, liuC agaíü.st th « conKtant iiitriûfts Qud s tren u o u s e x e rtio n s o f th e ^ u e e n .

A secu n J C ounell u a s h e ld to ta k e in to coiifîiler- Ml on th e C onn t de ^ a n K 'ite v an ’s propoft<d, a t M’hieh The M arq u is d c M au ce ra de livered a m u s t intpressive >ipcech.* H e 4 w elt apon th e in tp u rian ee o f tbe su b jee t, an d a rg u e d th a t i t o u ;;h t to He m

a u a tio i)a l one, an d free from aJl f o r e i ^ influence.R em em ber, S ire ,” sa id he t<> tb e K in |;, “ th a t

tb is very C ouncil, iu w bicli 1 am now i&peaking, HOirie yiâr'i ago , tn o red by th e îitTerings o f y o u r peop le , v en tu red to lay befo re you i ts rem onH tran‘'es, an d p roposed to you to aei^cnible th e C o rtes , eom - p o sed o f Ibc T h re e C átale» , to a n u b y lan<3 and i«ea, t9 s tre n g th e n y o u r tVirtificd tow ns, au d to provW e th en j w ith a r ll l lc ry a n d ]irovÍsiotii!^. A t th a t tim e tJiese m easu res w ould h a?e had th e d es ired eíFeet, au d w e shou ld n o t now have to cudm*e tb e m isfortu n e o f b e in g o b iig ed to diseñas o u r affairs, w bilst o u r eiieuiieM a re diapoblng o f o n r destin ies. T be g re a t o h jec i fiow erer is, to p reserv e tUe M onarchy

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e n tire , a aù íkflcr ;m ex ts to n cc o f n ea rly 8 CKÌ years, n o t to a llow i t to be d ir id v d ." l i e th en w ent in to th c lead in g m fr i ts o f Ib c case ft»J, a s a k io d o f ja id iJk co u rse , concluded b y projiosiujj a coD Sulta-

<»on w ith th c Pope.T b e ag€ aud past K«rviccs o f th e sp e a k e r b ad g;reat

w eitfb t ^vltb th c C onticil, an d b is p roposfd w as adupttid. TJie K iug ’s eo n sricn ce b e iu g tb u s sotnc- w h a t se t a t rc b t an d bin fo rm e r view s u f S ta te cx - pedlciiey n ia te r ia lly a lte re d , b e reso lved U* sen d a m iséloa to R om e. H e b a d a n o th e r an d a prt^ferablc alternativi*, a t nJiich Ih c veuerabLc M an ce ra h in te d ; b u t C harles h ad n u t th c cu n ra^ e tu ad o p t i t . H ad h e u u d ersto o d b is re a l ín te re s ts , h e ^ o u ld have assctub led tb e C urte« , aci^urding to tb e anc ien t furui»<; fo r i t (tannot b e d iK gui^il tb a t , in fo rm er tim es, th e S pau ln rds, no tw ichstand iog th c te rr i to r ia l d iv isions u f th e ir k ingdo iu , h a d a jo in t m terveaClon w ilb tb e ir fio T t'ix ip is in th e im p o rta n t b ranches o f tb e public o d in in is tra tio n , p a r ti cn I a r i v in reference to th e S uccession . H e h o w ev er o m itte d lo ta k e th e sense u f th c n a tio n , tb ru ii^ b i ts acknow ledged re p resen ta tiv es , iipun a questio ti o f tb e »leepest m o m e n t ; re fe rr in g i t to a sp ir itu a l t r i bnna l, sea ted in a foreiisn co u u try an d tu ta lly devoid o f leg isla tive a u th o rity , i n tbe v e ry antogm |>h l e t te r w h ich b e , on th is ort'ofeion, addressed to th e P ope , h e n ev erth e less p o in ted ly speaks o f th e J>ccrees o f tbe C o rtes re g a rd in g th e S uccessiou , an d w hich v e r e to se rv e a s a gu ide .* In th e seijuel i t w ill b e found

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rirr*nni«iaucc^, th e Roiitaii P on tiff w as doub tless m nob p c r jiU 'X c d b y t>ip ap p lU ^tio u , n o t o»ty on oceount o f th e d illlcu ity iind im p o rtan ce o f tb e poiDt a t is su e ; b u t fro iu tb e fen r o f ofieudlii^ o n e u r o th e r o f Ib e p a r t i e '< in tprej^ted; ani) th u m a tte r rp fe rred tc> b u n one o f tb e d eep est in te re s t, he trA osuiitled th e p a p e rs conncc ted w itb i t to th ree o f h is m o st ie a n ic d C a rd iaa ls . T h e ir d e c i4 o n w as to tbe efiVct» th a t “ K . M . w as, id conscieune, b o und to «*ntail th e Suece^siou upon th e D uke d ’A njou , o r th e D u k e de D e rri, th e yooQ ^er sons o f the D aupliin , p rov ided p ro p e r prec-autions w ore ta k e n a^«ini<t th e n u io u o f tb e tw o Cr«iwng,"

Ti>:s d e ris io a , w hich d id n o t rc a c h M ad rid till A iiffust, 1 7 0 0 , whcD th e King;’« h ea lth h a d becom e p reeax ious, w as aU o acco iupan icd by ao au to g rap h le t te r from P ope lu u o c fn t X II .* T h e w hole m a tte r

* " H « 'ioe n ; * e i r i a a aU uiiik iJi x io a ik r t u t h a t o f V * a r 0°

i b f p o in t 0 / A p)K rA rine« t t b « t i i h i i s a ) o f C h r i s t , A od o f r e n d e r ln i ; a n

M M D O l IA m y s O f f i e ts * y tr t to i ' o f ih » flrtclt w likch h a s U x a i f l t r n « t /d

IA le y ew «’, i t ia o n t n ; d u ty to g i r c /tucfa « • w i l l n o t M s

n a n c r o f riijkroai'li t o nay c o o i c t f v e a t t h « ¿ a y o f j i i d jm e t i t , Y u n r

^}aJesi} » b o aW i c t r c t ih i t i } u b o u j b t n o t p«e t b e in t« r c s U o t t h e

HoDRe o r A u » t r u IB coiU|>ecU>oo w i th t h o s e o f e t v n i t r , u t d w Iüd th a t

»Irvodfal a i f f o u i t o f y o i r a c t i o n s w b i r b y » o a s u s t s o o o g i « b f f o « i h e K h ii; o f K i» g n , w h o a d t n i t i b 9 c k c o « ^ , » a d 1« n o » « » p c c t/p o f i^vx ioor,

V o o CUIBOC h » k s n u t u i i b a i ü k c b U d ic n n f t l i e D a o p b b » r e ih « r ig b t -

f e l h « > f > v f t h e r r o « n { a a d i h t t io o p p o s i t io n W t h e n , n e i th e r th e

A r e id u l i t ' , n u r « o y w n t h t t o f t4ie U o u su o f A v R O ia . h a s il»e « m a llfR i

l i f l t i o t w p re te n R io n . t a p r o p o n in n »o t h e l i e p u n a o r c o f t h e a o c -

« M lo B » t b e tr jo re e ry r e g w iU b e t l i e 'a iM X ie t o f « w l « d m f t h e r lg h t f « !

h « T i , an d t h e n o r e y o « d j^ w 0 9 yo B f dcvot«0BT w iw io n i a n »ucRtvK» t o r f iw lc r ;o« iW w h e r e j u e l l c t ia d « e ,

• n d t o * e< B rc , w f a r a ^ l i m i n y© „r |,O H e r . rh « • a d U id c r t iQ b c n fa i« «

o f » t« S p s n fa h M o n a rc h T t o % » m o f t b # n a o p b l n . "

P o p # iD B o c e a t x r i . d ie d o n «be i r t h & p t r n i h f r , 1700 .c ^

w as a fte rw ard s re fe r re d to th e C ouncil o f C aatilp , w hose re p o rt, as m ig h t b a tu ra lly b e ex p ec ted from tb e p rep a ra tio n s m ad e , w as fav o u rab le to th e F reo i‘b P r in c e . I t m u st b e coofessed lh a t th e C ouncil, as w ell wi th e p a r ty fo n n c d in su p p o rt (*f th e B ourbon in te re s t , w e re ^ i d c d an d u p h e ld in th e ir rp«(»lntioo b y sev e ra l im p o rta n t co n sid e ra tio n s. T lie decision o f th e C o u rt o f R om o c a rr ie d w ith i t g r e a t w eight, an d th e S pan ia rd« w ere besides anxt(»u>* to d efea t th c m em o rab le T re a ty o f P a r t i t io n , w h ich b ad given so m u ch uneasinesij to C h arles 11. a u d e x c ite d so D)uch re se n tm e n t am o n g h is peop le . 'Fhc g o v eru - rnen t h ad a lso seen th e d au^er^ it' n o t th e hutnlMa- tio n , o f be in g dependen t upon th c d is ta n t E m p ire o f A u str ia , th e la s t b ran ch es o f w hich H ouse h ad e m b ro iled th em in difficulties und im p overished tbe N a tio n . In a w ord , th c S p an ia rd s w ere tire i] o f G erm ans, an d w ould have o p en ly d isp lay ed th e ir d islike , h a d no t M a d rid been a rtu aU y overaw ed by a m ilita ry fu rce , u n d e r th c o rd e rs o f tb e P rin c e o f D a rm sta d t.

T h e C ouncil o f C as tile fin a lly » g reed th a t th e D u k e d 'A n jo u sliould b e ca lled to th e Succession, an d in thi'» m a n n e r th e iu tr l |;u e s u f th e Q ueen Dow> a g e r a n d flie A u str ian A gen ts w ere d efea ted . W ith sonic difficulty, C h arles H . w as in d u ced , th o u g h w ith g re a t rd u c ta n c e , to can ce l h is first W ill and s ig n a n o tiie r In fav o u r o f th e Boitrbi»n l in e ; on thc ex p ress cond ition th a t th e tw o K ingdum s sh o u ld be k e p t flcj>arate, an d m o n ife s tln s a deep a u x le ty tbac liU te s tam e tita ry di*-posil.iuns shou ld n o t be revealed t i l l a l te r hiH dca ih . H is o rd e rs w e re s tr ic tly obeyed, atkd alrhunj^h th e F ren ch c o u r t w as d u ly in fo rtncd o f

c r c r j th io g pQSsiog; a t M adrid j th c A u str ian minis* te r , C oun t dc H a rra c h , w a^ k e p t com pletely io tho d a rk . T he new W ill w as s ig n ed on th e 2 n d Oul. 1 7 0 0 , a n d o n the en su in g 3 rd o f N o v . C h aries 11. o f i^paio expired» iti th e 3 ^ y e a r o f b is ag e an d th c 3 5 th o f Lis re ig n .

'i^hc open ing o f th e W ill, as d e ^ r ib e d l>y M . de S t. S im on ao d th e Spaoidh co tem p o ra ry w rite rs , w as a t t r e iu o n y n-hirh c re a te d the. d eep es t in te re s t. T he p&laue o f M adrid w as th ro n g e d w ith person!« o f a ll r ia sscs , an x io u s to le a rn w h o w as to b e th e ir fu t\ire S o v e re ig n ; ao d w hen i t w as aunouoced th a t a F ren ch P r in c e w as ap p o in ted to th e th ro n e , n o th in g co u ld ex ceed th e sarprii^e an d d isappo io tm eiii o f th e A iig trian M inister» 0 0 h ea rin g a n aw ard so c o n tra ry t o h is e x p e c ta tio n s ; w h ich o o t o n ly d ash ed to th e g ro u n d a ll h is Im p e ria l M a s te r’s hopes« h u t baffled th e u lte r io r p lan s w ith w h ich h o b iu ise lf h ad bceu en trusted .

r i u p . T i r .

Charle» I l . ' s T V ill^Jô u U X I V . a a e p t i i t - ^ P h iix fV . goes fo S p a in ^ h 'u r /h à r d e v e lo p m ^ t o f French i*«T i— Alaran %n B uroiê a n d g ra n d A U ia n re o f ì'JOX— D erìaraH ons o f E n g la n d n n d IIoUan<^— Depre*sed s ta te o f S p a in — O ur errors in the P e n insu la — O ur la te rooperafinn there~^2)effcU »» th« p la n s o f thf! G ra n d A lH a m 'c ^ T h c J ir s i hos- tiliiiex n n su c tts ifu i.

K . k j , i « t o v s sc ru p lc s , as w ell as Ins a tlach n ic iii to S p a in , f tro u g ly o p e ra ted iipon th e m iüd o f tb e eo- feeb led C h arles , w h o w a? m o reo v e r bexet by iu - tr ig ^ c s , d ex te ro u sly cooductpil. I ’hc (c a o u r o f hi« W il l shew ed h is a n x ie ty lo cffcct, b y a l l possib le precau tion« , a th ree fo ld ob jec t ? first, to p re v e u t the dìsiuem berirkent o f th e Span ish M onarchy , th e T re a ty o f P a rtltiim b e in g alw ays before b is eyes ; • secondly , to obviate th e d a n g e r o f th e tw o C row us becom ing u n ited ; an d la s tly , to p re se rv e w h a t b e h ad beeu m ad e to believe w as th e n a tu ra l o rd e r o f Sucecsîoo. T h e c h o k c o f a F rcu ch r r i u c c re s te d upon th e p rin -

* V o lta i r e o b t e m » tb a t t l i b T re U ^ , a > ig in a j]y io t c i i J c ^ t v b er ib c

^ rc W n t)« « * o f Prai«('e to t h f S ecc#M io> i, w u t pn .*ciic ly ibt*

i i u l n i i D n i t f th l c b iccoied ib eu i : by a l k y u ig t h e J e & ]o u » iu and f u r i i n f

C b a i 'lp f [ I , , u w e l l lijr th row lM p tb e A u t r M s B tn p f r o r OS' h ia f u a r d .

vipJe chut th e renuDciatioQS o f th e iw o Infauto.«, AuQt and S’isfiir o f tb e T e s ta to r , w ere iu ten d cd solely to p rev en t tb e u n io n ot* th e tw o k ingdom s, the P rcnch in te rp re ta tio a o f tb e ir va lid ity b e in g care fu lly k e p t o u t o f hia T iew ; au d th e d a D ^ r o f th a t coDtiugenoy being , as h e th o u g h t, obv ia ted b y bia te s tau ieu ta ry d ispositions, h ts m ind wa^ relieved from an irk som e bu rden .

O n tb e y th o f is'ovem ber, th e S p a n ish A finister a t th e C o u rt crt* V ersa ille s , C aste l-I)og rin s, b ad an aad icn ce o f LouiSf to in fo rn j h im o f b is m a s te r ’s d e a th , and lay befiire him th e p a rticu la r» o f th e W il l w hereby th e D u k e d ’A njou w as f irs t ca llcd to th e C row n, th e n th e D u k e de B e rr i , an d in do fau lt oV th e se , th e A rchduke CharieH, second son o f the E iu p e ro r , a n d a f te r h im th e P rlu ces o f Savoy. TJ>e D u k e o f O rlean s w as thuy excluded , w hich gave rise to a p ro te s t on h is p a r t , an d in th c seq u e l produced o th e r in d ica tlo u s o f re sen tm en t.* A le tte r from tho Spaul&h Ri^gency w as delivered to tb e K in g , and th e wh<»lc afl'air, e x tra o rd lu a ry as i t w as, su rp rised DO one o t th c Frenc h c o u r t b u t th c A u strian euvoy, +

• Memnif4 4 SecrtU J u i i i n p r i , tte Lwi>*jre,' ch a p , » . P « r la p > Shis

rea « a tm e o i ia h e m liO u } . A t a l l «v«n (8. ihe p rt» « iil o f ih « F rea ch

i> ra d m < riiir io s (n m a k e in r ih e r e t u f , b r p ro v id io g s k iagrto fu for

o n « o r l i e j w f t i l « fjm n ch e» u f h is fto t ily .

t L o « ia t ± d lo D { b e e n I a t h e i« c rc U V o l u l r e e a r » t h a t h e w a j ln«

fo rm e d o f i l « p u r |M r t oj* i h c A « u 'd , fti R o m e , b ; n o e o f t h e C 4 r-

a i i u h t o « b o m t l i e c * k w »s r t f t j r c d . T h c t 'r c B c b w r iw r w o u J i b*ve

g ls d ly e i u b l i '^ h e d , iL a t tb l s « 4« « I I t b e k n o w k d ^ a w h ic h t b c c o m l o f

V e m i l k '« b a d o f i h e s C a ir , I h i « h o iv c » e r i* n o » p r u te b J e . TT icrc

w t n to o B a n ; p « tM ti i e b p i o f e d a n d U t h e M c m f i t M a d r id . O th e r

r ) r e « a « ( a i ) c n , liv»tdes> sp o lr« f o r t h c B K l r e « , I t w a s h u v e t e r f i r « g p

*h«c Che A u s i f ia o , \ ^ x t h a d o o t d»90over«d w b s t w p o in s o n .

W itb Some s lig h t dilferencâ u f »p in ion , occasioncü b y th c fact t h a t F ra tire w a s a l tb e tim e a p u r ty to t l ic T re a ty o f P a r titio n ,* th e W IU w a s accep ted by tb « C onocii ; and <m th e 12tb th e Kiag; w ro te a le t te r to Ibe M ad rid licg eu ry , an u o u n c io g tb a t bo acq u iesced in tb e propulsai on (lie p a r t o f h is g rau d so o . 1

O n tb e 16 th , a t a fa m ily ct»nrt h e ld a t V tr«ailleii, L o u is em b raced tb e D n k c d ’A ujou , as K ing o l'S p a iu , »mdcr tb e t i t l e o f r h i l ip V ., d e c la r iu g “ th a t h is b ir th a n d th e W ill o f tb e la te K in g , C h arles I I . , b a d c a lle d h im to th e tliro a c .” A ddressing th e new io v c rc ig n , h e ?aid— “ B e a good S p a n ia rd , th i s ix y o u r f irs t d u ty ; bu t rcD ie a ilte r th a i , b e in g born a F ren eh n iau , you o re to m a in ta in th e iinioD betw een t h e tB 'o C row ns.” I

O n tlie 4 th o f D cccrabcr, P h ilip V . tb e u 1 / y e a rs o f ag e , le f t P a r is on b is w ay to S pain , acco iupaiiicd 5y b is g ran d fa th e r. A t Sceanx tb ey p a r te d , w hen L ouis, p re se n tin g th e PK nccs o f tb e E o y a l H ouse to tlie ir in fla tive, sa id to b iiu— “ H chold th e P r in c e s o f m y

• M . 4 « H w r i l l k n « p o k e « n i M t i h c a v c r p u i l u n , u è ì ó M . i e

T c w y , l a i n « » b iiia o u s w n c . M a4 * iu c d» M îÙQfeomi w h o , U w iJ l bo

r ? « « io b c r id , I(4d h ^ o o ia rr ie d xn I ^ u J é X I V . e v « r sSacc t h c y e » r 1&J6 ,

w a s a J j o M f i i s t op{M4« l lo it.

t ÎT jI» f i t t e r U j>rf»tTy^ a t r« ll k n e t ’ i i a S p e a U i , I o ih »

U M l€ , B c c i^ t t r y o f t h f C « « o c !l t a d a fl^ rw artl» M «ri|u i$ d r R i r a i . U

C uœ plloicot« *ht m em o rj o f Ü»? d ecc»»cd M ori£,fcb m i t h t ■' t^ ^ r ie n te l>T4ti9 f f »*>7 » « w t à»*tKé4 , s a tfe m m n r t , é e *4 j u » t i e f , 4 « m t,

a m o w p M à r $ f t f i d t U i t u j t f t , rfe m f i U t n i Ì o n i , p r ó Ì m f v r 9 u - d « A 4 m ( t r * t

* M t k U r ^ 0 4 g m f t* i * T h u w a# fi^nK w l im tb P ty eo f a g e a c n l w u i

; M i f c o i n , c l i i jh 1— Tc*!«i«, M t a , . H m », 6 u r I c T r tU s u c W «le IT.

41

I lo u fc au d y o u rs . 'J1ic tw o n a tiu u s sh u u ld «^ocisidcv (h e m ^ lv c s as one. T h e y ou^bc to b av c th e s a u e m lor^stsf an d th e re fo re I Im pe th a t tb c s c V rinw « w ill be a s m ncb a tta c h e d to you , as to m e. H cncc- fb rw ard th e re w ill be do ry rc n c c s .” F h ilip p ro ceeded cowards Spaii), a tten d ed by h is tw o b ro th e rs , Ib e D u k e a iid Du(;hess o f D eauvlU iers, an d M . de K oaille^, o f w boiii h e to o k leave o n tb e Islo o f P b e a sa a ts ; th e mcTnurable i*pot w lic re , te n years before , th a t T re a ty w.is so lem nized w hich w as fo r ev er to ex(tlude th e H ouse o f Bourb(»t» from S pain .*

P h ilip ’s e u try io to S p a in , an d th e in c id en ts w hich hap p en ed o n th e ro a d to th e c^ ;u ta 1 , w ere affecting til a you th fu l an d seuaible h e a rt. A ll h e saw , eon* trasti*d w ith w hu l h e h a d ju s t lefV, te n d e d to low er ill h is e s tim a tio n th e g ra n d e u r an d re&ourccii o f hii r e a lm : b u t h e waft deep ly in te re s ted b v tb e dem ons tra tio n s o f th e n a tiv e s , &Jid s in ce re ly h o p ed to henl th e w<»uo<ls o f tb c ir nfflicteii c o u n try . Ao<*ording to th e recom m endation o f b i? g ra u d fa th e r , h e becam e a S jia n ia rd in th e erne sense o f th e w o rd ; a n d on a rr iv in g a t M ad rid , zea lo u sly d ev o ted h im se lf lo th e pertb rm aoec o f th o se d u tie s w h irh h e h ad u n d e rtak en , f H is subject» w ere p leaaed w ith h im ;

• Nw* 1 0 Ib e S p M in n ls L c c w i t M w ii l i b i n o n ly tb e U a n ]« !«

O e L o « « !) !) ;, (b U priaciitfkl ¿ i r e f w r j tw o T rvo ch S # e r » « r i i« , b h c v a -

frM u f, o u r ^ , a n d a b o u t 10ft « r r a n i » . T )*e M Armil« w a i a U o p fo v ld cd

w iib » k r W r o f i B 8tn>CTiou> f r o o F e n c lv o ,

t T b e d a y o n w b k h th e r o y i l p a r t j k f t F * m , « n i H , d c

T *u y»^o r to U r n w lA lo » c fu r t th e u tro n * p iaee» ln ;]o n g)n f to ?p « iu

W hicli tb e DtU:]i t t i l l f i e ld ; a a d M a n l ,s i B o n » « « trv f l i e d c i f l » H h

• i d v i 't u* M B B Jb le r i w p e .

fo r, a lth o u g h i t w as n iu a ly brcrught a b o u t b y th e mtrii^uefi o f tb e F rcu ch , th e ^ re a t rn a jo rity o f th e S p ao ia rd s w e re UD<jue»tiunably in fa v o u r th e o h a o fc j w hich tb e y ev en tua lly prove<l, by th e ir g r e a t sam ficc» to su p p o rt th e new S overeign .

T h e accessioD o f a F rcnvh P rin c e to th c S pan ish th ro n e , pro<lui;e<l u new e ra in th e poU iical h is to ry o f K iirope- I t w as (»ab’u la te d to le a d to g re a t chaogeSf an d seem ed d es tru c tiv e o f th a t B alance u f P o w er, f<*r th e su p p o rt o f %vbicb en o rm o u s sarriHecs h a d been m ade. W h en th c first fam ily a llian ce w as a g ita te d an d S pain re fu sed to g iv e th e N e th e rlan d s as a dow ry w iih tl»e In fan ta , R ieh licu p rom ised a povtion o f th em to th e D u tch , p m v id ed th e y w ould n o t xuake p eace w ith S pain anU 'voulii e n te r in to an a rm ed ro a litio n w ith Krnncc. A d ra ft o f a T re a ty to th is e tfect w as a c tu a lly p re p a re d , iu 1635 ; bu t th e D u teh h av in g d iscuvered th c au ib itlo u s desigae o f th e F rcn ch , an d th a t th e ir m a in ob jec t w as to rem o v e th e N e th e r la n d s’ b e rrlev , th e schem e w as defea ted b y th e T re a ly u f M u nste r, in 164«.* T he » rcond tim e th a t a marriag»^ w as pro|»o*<e(l w h h a S p an ish Priuce&s, M aza riu , who succeeded Ri< lilien, ag a in u rg e d th c tra n s fe r ot* th c N e th e rla n d s a s a d o w ry ; ofFering tu i*ender b ack th e F ren ch con- questi? in C a ta lo n ia . T h e pr<jposal w as a g a iu re - ¿ec ted , n o tw llh s ian d in tf w liieh th e in iiiis te r advised h is ro y a! m a s te r to aecej>t th c m a tch , u n d e r the reu u m 'ia tio n s a lread y a llu d ed l o ; co n teo d lu g th a t

“ B v x S c r T r « C y T ia d i« t id . '- P r » o i U W d « ee4 le -ntO id*» < lon. u r m U o b , T « l. i f . p a j i H )., o f tM s w o r l i h k v in c b # f n w H t te n b y ti» c

BUflUKr* Urd To^Mcod Mtd Mr. Po»t«2.

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th ey w ould n o t b a r b is r ig h t cU ber to th e Rp&ubili !û(H:eMsiou, o r to th c Lo\v C o u u tr ic s ; Hud i t wu» u u d cr co lo u r o f tb i» r ig h t th a t I-oiu!» X IV . eu tc rcd upon tb e w ar in tb e L ow C o u n tries wbu*li te r iu i- iia ted ia tb e lY c a ty ol* K in icû cn , eo g re a tly to thc d e t r i i u K D t of S p a in *

H y p lac in g S pain u iiile r th c in flu cn cr o f hi« own F am ily , L ou is g a in ed ibc sccond ob jec t o f h is waCeh* fu l p o lic y ; an d i t wdA ftuoii ajipaiêut th a t lie w ould em ploy tbfi poH 'erfiii resourceh u f th a t kingdowi to - w*ar«is th e ag g ran d izem en t o f h is ow n. In h is pri* vftfe in s tru c tio n s to P b ilip V - o n leav in g P a r is , he to ld h im to rem em b er com m erce^ and to live in cioMi un ion w ith F ra u c e ; fo r tb a t n o th in g w as so ad v ao tag 6><Mis t«> th e tw o P o w ers as a u u b io q w hich c o u ld n o t b e rc s i* tcd ." l ' T lje developm ent o f th is

* LoqLs X IV , iQ v a 4 M F k o d c n i n r i ^ b t o f hi>) Q u ic s I n I C i '? , u u l ;

s c T c a y n r j t f t c r t h c r r a u B c k u to n s » e r e o i t d e . I ' r u o i U u j c ls io s o o i^ t

o f t h e n M q i i e P t M a n i n ilu to f»# o r i | l n i t « d , S « W M ib k v r r e i b c

m a r iii iiM p o w e r s o f t b e d u g f r s o u t u f t ' r r n c i i • « r n n a i r m n t

t b a t , i n M .i r c h , { Q l d - I . H x ¿ o c l i i th C n v u ) « « » a iU r c ^ w d C b k r l M l l . ,

r r p rv a c u t ia ^ (ImK t b e s tin c ls o f V v « r U t j w y ' s ^ o > i ) c 4 r c a iu c h d i« -

w i th t h e uM iiM r«» d a n c e r A ris iu jj to y o « r 3Jaj< w t)*e S .lu fcdv»*

Iry tb e g ro e ^ th u n d |* o w er o f tb « i \ v n t k K fn g . « » p cc i^ Ily b y th e

i l t iu M a l r e a d y l a a d e , a n d 6 > tk i r r p r o f r e M l ik e ly t o k r iriAdc b v b ia i

in t h e S ^ u i t b N e t h f r k i d j , i n t h e p i t» e fv A tiu u a a d ic c v t i t y w b c r ta r f ,

w e b u m b i ; i o n r e i« « , t b i (n t^ r i- s t w f y o a r M a j ^ r y a n d i k e a a fe ty o f

y o u r v v c f i t a r e h ig h ly c o o c e ro e c l ^ m J t b e r c f c r e w c D M t h s B b ly

b « ie t c h y o a r U > )e « ty t o i » | « t h e n t n t iti*o y o a r r o y i l s a je . a a d lo

M r e e f th e o y o n f i c l f w i ih a o c h a i t ic te i ' a l i i a s t ^ a s m a y l e c o r e ) o * r

M a je & ty i k i A r t ^ n s . m d p m e t ^ t a o d s e c u re t h c a a id N e tb e i 't a a d * , » a d

th e re b y i |« ie l th « B ik d i o f ><jur M a J « ty ’i p tw ijle ."— Jfm m id * , w l . inp . J » 6 ,

t T h e « in s t r o c i io D i « t e p ree«m < d in t b e M ^ ^ n jre tie N o ^ l « , und 5ft t h t ( R u c r ^ ,} f LuQiJ X IV .

la s t scn tio ien t ro u sed a jreDcral in d igna tjoo i a E u^ ro p e , au il led to th e m em o rab le e o g a ^ iu e t i ts u f tlie G ra jid ¿U lian ie , in 1701s w h irh w ere , “ to p ro eu rc an eq u itab le an d rea so n ab le satisfiiction to D is Im p e ria l M ajes ty fo r h is p re tensions to th e S p an ish S uecessiou , and sufficient secu rity to th e K in g o f Euj^Hand an d tb e S ta te s G enera l, fo r th e ir dotnin ions a n d fo r th e naT igation an d ciunm crce o f th e ir su b je c ts , und to p rev en t th e u n io n o f th e tw o M o n a rchies o f F ra n c e an d S p a in .” In E n g la n d an d H o llan d th e »¡cutim ent o f indig’tia tion w as an an i tuo us ; an d th e Iinperia lis ia sh a re d th e d isap p o in tm en t o f th e i r re ig n in g F am ilv .*

T he p re p a ra tio n s o f tb e f irn n d A llian ee w ere ac tiv e ly c u rr ie d o o , an d i t soon beeam e a p p a re n t th a t th e o ld di»piitc re sp e c tin g th e D alanee o f

• Q u e m A o o ? , o n »he d J f o f b t r ( h e t l i r u o c (M * rc h ti,

I 7 0 i | in h e r » d d r M . to th o L o rd s o f t b e P r i ^ C o o n d l , spo fcc ibB ii.—

“ I c b l ijh h p ro i^ í r u p o n t b i i o e a t i o n v f m j f l ^ t ï f x . k i n j io y u a , t o

d c rT a re m y o w n o p io io n o f i l i e k i p n m n c e o f i* r r y ) o g o n * i l ( h e i*re-

p < if« io o s w e a r « t t u h i n g t o o p p o « t h t p o w p r o f F n o c r ; u i A I

d i » i l l o » BO ( i K f t i l sifL oK o u r k U W *02 iM o ra n c e a i h t t n o th in g flb iU

b e « a n ( ( n 5 o u m y p « n t o p u r j a e t h e t r v f in t e r e s t o f P o j t a n J , t« « t3 > e r

w i th f o r t h e t g p p o r t o f tiM c o w m im m i « . ' ’ T h e L o « U '

a d d rv M « * • p r c f t ^ t e d o n t h e y t h , t n d a f t e r p W g l n g tb«*ia>elvi;s lo

« o p p o r t h e r " I n t h e a m t o m i J r e a J y r a t e r e d l a to t o r« d u c e ( h e c x -

o r t ) i t a n i p o » re r o f F r * t i « , " i t c -n c lu d e « t h « j— •• A n d w w U l c m o o k c

i t n p p e a r to y o o r M * |e s ( jr , a n d tb # w o rW , t i w t o a r m í J » m i a f f rc i io u

f<>r 7 o a r M s y m y 't s e r r i e z a n d t h e c i r c u e h a r e o f t h e p e b U c s a f e ty ,

^ t i i ïH je u s t o px«r* o a r s d i x s w W t t h e o im o s t v ly o a i' a n d u n jo i» , f o t

o b t a l u i u i u d c r V o » r M a j e i t j '» n i g » , a o c h a b tU a a r« o f p o w e r «art

i n i c r r s t , a s tik jy e tfceW ü lly s w u r v t h e l l ^ r t i e « o f K u r o p e .” T l ie C uca -

o io b * ' .ddf*«M re « rfu » e d t h e u s e R - n ü m c n « , a n d « ^ « d h e r “ Ui proA <'n)ie t b a ¡^lortom s d i 4 Í |B . ' '

P oivcr w as ag a iu to b ro itg iit Co th c te s t u f arm ^. B efore th e roya l cortege le f t P a r is lop S p a lu , p ro -

h ad been d e liv e red ou tb e p a r t o f t l ic A llies, w a ru in ^ th e F reu ch K in g o f th e eonscqueiices o f th e step he w as taking;. O u tlie 2 i)th o f M a rc h , th e S ta te s (ren e ra l en te red in to R eso lu tio n s, Oe<^Uratury o f the^p io tcn tiou« “ to jidhere firm ly Co thcii* alU* ances, aud p u rsu e ^Ceadily th e o ieasu res a lread y e u te re d iiic o an d on th e 4 th o f th e en su in g 5fav, Q ueeu A n u e dec la red w a r agaiusC F ra u c c aud S p a in , f«ir th e prcR ervatiou o f th e L ib e rty an d B a lan ce o f E u ro p e , an d fo r red u c in g th c cxorb ltaD t p ow er o f Frau<;e,’' &o.

T b is ia DOC th e p laee to in q u ire in to tlip p o lu ’y w hich urjced E ae**ud tc» m ak e w a r upon S paiu for h av iu ^ chosen a B o u rb o n P r in r e ; n o r to d iscuss tb e cxpcd leucy o f ihe m easu ica ad o p ted lo c a rry th e objects o f th e G rarid AlUauce io to effect, Tli ro u g h - o u t th e w hole a tra ir, L ou is X IV '. ac lcd w ith g re a t cu n n in g , au d hJa ag e n ts w e re ev iden tly th e u iost d e x te ro u s ; bu t I t m u« t b e (H)nfesHed th a t a r a r ic ty ot* circum»>tances> w h ieh u o forelirn n a tion could coiJtrol an d oo h u u ian fo re s ig h t (H»unteracl, se- fonded h is p lan s. 'I’he s itu a tio n o f S p a in requ ired peeu lu ir ren jcd ics, au d th c oceessity o f a cli&nge wa»* u n ire rsa lly fe lt.* T h e peop le w ere p lunged in to

• H . J c L o u r iJ le hug O c»fv»d n f i r t j Ji w h o le c L ^ ^ r k i a J c ic r ip tS o o

I h e SCAU « r S p a in u ih v d c a ih o f C 'h itrlM T T ., t h « fM rtU M ikri o f

w i jk b b e p r o f e t s e i Ut h a ? c o h i^ s i i td £rw m n a l i n 'a . T h c j a g t* e w U h I b c

a r e o u n t t o f « ii rb S p a n is h w r i te r s a» h a r t a n O fjportunS ty u f t p f a k i i i g t i c

t r o U i, w b v r^p ri 'M cn t t b e i r cu u o iry > a ( t h e p f r i» d » U u d c d ti» , b e iU i

in a a ia i« o f r4(>id ¿ c M d e o c e , r v b a u ^ t lo a Aud d u A m B i i a i l o s .

<6

mKforlUDe? 5 an d if I hero w m auy tb iu p iu fu rm al, o r iUcipvI, in th e m a n n e r Id w liit'h P h ilip V. w a s ra isedlo th e th ro jie , i t fo r th em to b a v f in - tlta tc d in q u irie s an d rcdres'scd w h a t whs w ro n ^ . I t was h a rd th a t tb e y shou ld su f lr r fo r the {»rurid^nt ca l- cuUtloQS u f th e F re a c b Kin;^, o r th n t tb e y shonh i b e blftuied fo r lii« fam ily aO ectio ii; parfic iilflrlv a fte r hi? S pan ish schem e w as re a lb e d , an d th e re su lt san c tio n ed by th<Ke im m ed ia te ly concerned .*

• i .o r f l B o lin ib c u l ic , w b o w r o te i a x r a s » «P ffo* t o L f t t e b t « u o f tL is

o p in io n , i n d i a L e f ie r v u J . V oJ. i l . h e “ W h e n (h i? W il l ¡ tn e » a ( iip

t b « t o fC b s r lc R I I . ) n n d U n j ia t h c fu u r tv e n ih h a d

ftn d c h « j* n w m i a opp rM K ion t o h iw h ^ d fii jlv d , i n a l l tb e

ol^ jecbi v l ia tc r e « ! a o d a m lj i tk in » h k b i h « f h a d k r y t iu a i i l i i f v r

n o w th k Q fo rty th a s )s , f r u u t b e b v ^ o i o x o f t l i« p r ^ e a t

p e r io d . T fi« a c to r s c h u ^ d t b d f j m r u in U je t r a i e d y t h a t f o l i o w « .

T h e p o w e r t b a t h « d r a Ir^os i u d « u r r w D y a t a r k e i ) , w a s n o w t u

d e r m d , t h e S p a o b lj B o a a r c h j ' a o d ti r e po*»«r> t h a t h a d l o n j de*

f a d e d i t , w « r» n o w eo a t tu c k ic . I ^ t a i s e e h o w t b i s w a s b ro u ffh t

« b o n t ; <»ed t b d t w v n a y e«e U d i e b e t t e r a n d m aV e * b e t t e r j n d f m c a t

o f a l l t h a t pa< ?ed £ rom t h e d e a tf i o f C ii9 r)c« t b e ic c o o d t o t h e p e a c c o f

T . 'tr c c h t, l e t d * f ta liM k \ o t h e tS inc u f h i* d ^ a i l i , « n d c u a ; id « r t h f elr>

«uK iitttU C i« t h i t f O r o f d t i l l s c o rn p l ic a te d ^ m t? o f aifair»^ cu t l m x r i e w i ;

a x ie w o f H g h t , a v k w « p o l i r y , a n d a v ie w o f fwtiwer.

T h e r i g h t o f s u f c e e d i n f t o t h e ( 'r o w a o f S |w n w o u ld h a i 'c t x r o

« a d v n b t^ d l f i n t h e c h t ld re f t o f M d r i^ T h c r tR a , t)i&^ i i io th « h o o s e

o f R o o r h n a . i f tJ iU I iikI n o t b e e n h a r r e d b v ( b e so Je n io

r r a o B c w ik ia » o f te a o c a t i o n c d . T ^ e p reu ;B 6iunR o f t b e boQRe. o f

A n » tH a '■v'ere fou ivded p c tb e s e r ^ a a a e w t i o M . o n t b « jA iifl< « tion

o f th e m bT th « P jT c ti^ a n tre M y , a n d t b e c n a A r u i i t i u n o f tb c m b ;

t h e Will u f P h il ip t h e iu o r tb . T b e p rit^fuaiunA o f t h e b w ir tc o f

B o iu 'b o o w e r f f o u n d e d o a a s a p iw i i t io o , i t w oa ia d c e d e o tu o rc ,

« • id a I 's i n o a e tiM , t h a t th f » c rc n u n c iA tio n s v e r « Tn t h e i r n a tn r e

n u l l . O b c b i i f o o t t h e d ia p a tc o f r i j ;h t »Ci;KxI d o r i o f t h e l i f e o f

C h a r le s t b e «ecoA ii, a t i i o n t h e s a m e i t w o b M h a v e e u a tin a M l to

sW nd p re r i a f t e r h i* d » * ih . I f f lw r t n a n f i a t i o t i s h a d r m a i n e d

l i w ould be to lly to im ag ine lb a t th e ac<ìenjiion o f

u>»b«licB ; if hU \flll, like ilMt >if» £ukcr, had cwafirmcîi ü ic a , u 4 h»4 left ÜM CTOwa, in pannane» of (htroi, tn h<ii»c o f Aaairla. R « e I k e W IÜ WÍ C b u r k » i H f e « c e a â , a n n a l ü « ; t h e i c n o n n c l a i l o n » ,

took a » t r Ih» aoîê founâatWe nf the A a a o i« preieu»kma ¡ for, bi^weêr thl» act íoisbi be r^btAinrd, it ma< Jost m ralkt ac h k Mker'it, •od s m coAlriiied by the uaiver»*J coD»;«n*nct o f U»c SjMnt»ti n-tìo® W ffcr acw m ile meni he m*d« o f tbat crowa. L ri it be, a* I làink i io v |k t t o be ilio» tb c H-uç heirs could But c ta in4 |AcuB( renuecUiiuni ibat w ttr . if I 1047 «ay/to, cooJiiS«»«8 of their Wrili ; but t ’b a i)« the *cc«md had f tr f t in lf aj) «oìkì a rifh t *0 ebaoga the e o a r« o f tteef*a,iu, a fre n b lr to the orU^rr o f naii)i«M d tbe «YiQdiiÌAB o f tUat Dvoarcby, «Aer his troe n r r c boro> aa Pbllljr tbe f»grtb had to clia«fi: U, coatraiy w this order and ikU cgnaritutiAo, befvre tlïeÿ were bom , o r «L any tlu u . He liMf a s j w J a

riphl, io shAK, to dl»»cniie »i»l* the PfrPBjftti trestv and lo eet ii aiMe )a ihì» rr>p<(-T, as Ji'm father iiad rw a&ke it^ iw thur tbe ri.ou&ciai(ou» bvioÿ anBDlkd by l|i*t 10 l|»e ^sn«oe«]i trcMfwDo had evatteù them , tQi^ fn«Ul be deemed &a loB ftr hiadiaj, by \tn*v o f tJii* ireaiy, ya tb e pany %ho h.id made tkeia. Tba *ole ûe»t)uo that rrmained thvrcfore b e t.e e n these rival ho«*t», aa to r l ik i , thij», w bd b er Ihe enia6i.'"«nt« lik en by f/>o« (be £M.rwcMB la Oi« Paniti«u TteAMe» oh)Ì|[cd him «4» a illerr to ibc te rn s uf tbe last o í them in »II etex ts, «od to rteprlve his iami];

the sutcir«ieo » h ifh tl.e kla« (tf Spslb oycncd, and the 8paui*h naiioo offpitrJ to th e m ; ra iïw tb*n to dep«irt frwin a cr>nipg,iüyo be htfO Blade, ou (>i-etc'iiu<>n« thai were dwpaiabte i k n , but were BOW {»ut o f liiH m u} It iriay he «aid, und k wa« ï*W. that tlie Tre-tu>*

»^«itioii beioÄ abtoluie, without any oohdltic«or rw epiloo rvlaiiix ^ u y dujKisition th e kine o f SpaUt bad made, o r u i |h t ivabe, of kS» sacresiioo, in f a f o t r o f ûoarbon or AusUiaj the dl«j<o»Uion «nde by his will, in ftiOQT o f the Dulie o f Anjoa, eosld not aflert tbe en n ee . aieaca »*• Uarly u k e n öy Lonis the foeiriemih in th « e trtaeiva, oor dS»> p e a « with a liceral ohi*tfr>»ü©a o f the01. Tbii mi*hi be 1/p« oq strict principi« o f^n^tW ; km I appr^:htod tbat aone o í th o ic pow^r», who exdjtw ed W loidly a|i%lM«t the peridy o f i'ranre lit thfs cttsc, wnuld hare been wore « rapuioos in a paraljd case. The hi»»íbi f v n n n

> « «If 4ißmma wuald baie J»eco qumed, aad thc r« id letter of*»<*t)€9 woald hare been softened by aa vi|QÌt4blc interprétation »f »>ieir spifis and intentioo.”

IS

I*bll1p V . w as b ro u g h t a b o u t cxc lusivc ly by th e in- trig:ucs o f h is g ru iid l'a thcr, bow cvor m u ch lie tnig;hc be ou tb e a le r t , and k n o w boiv lo tu r u nm tingendoH to liU ow n Hdv^ntagi’. T o tho se w bo re fle c t upou tb e eveotft wbi(^h o ccu rred a t tb e fo n itn en i'em co t o f llie 18th c c a tu ry , o r r a tb e r iit th e close o f th e p re luding; one, it w ould a h n o s t a p p e a r th a t th e K nglixb a g e n t“, th e n einpUiyed iu S paio , ju d g in g n t leas t from th e reco rd s le f t b eh in d tb«m . w ere as m uch id tb e d a rk a% tbo:«e o f A u s tr ia . II* i t b a d beeo nth^T- wlsi*, o u r g o v em m eu t, a« w ell u u d er K in g W illiam , as Q uceu A u u e , w ould o o t b av c beeu so m ueb fu re - sta lled , D or h av e found i t ex p ed ien t to becom e p a rtie s to th e T re a ty o ( P a r ti t io n w h ich g re a tly inviilTed U4 an d a lie n a te d th e m ind« o f tb e Spauiard»«, w ho, i f th e y w au led a K in g , w e re n o t iuu lined to bi*i«me depeo ilen ts iipoD Fro jiee.

F o r n e a r ly a c en tu ry and a ha lf, wii have cj re d in o u r p o licy to w a rd s tb e P en in su la , P o rtu g a l in c lu d ed ; ao d we h a r e n e 7 e r r ig h tly u n d ersto o d tbe re a l in te re s ts o f th a t ijite re s tiu g p o rtio n o f K uropc. N o i 'o u o lry h as a rl^cbt to in te rfe re in th e affairs o f a n o tiie r , c o n tn iry to i ts in te re s ts an d wisheK, unless w hen in d iv id u a lly 5iggrlcved. Q uceu Arjnc a tta c k e d .Spain a t a lim e w heu th e g o v ern m en t au d people w ere u n ited , an d afVer a ll g a in ed th e o n ly legin 'm aie o b jec t fo r w h ich sh e co u ld co n ten d . T b e g o v ero - m eu t o f Ih e p r r s c n t d ay , how ever, as w ill hercaftei* b e m ore p a r tic u la r ly no tiecd , have th o u g h t p ro p er to fo reg o a l l th e ad v an tag es «ccnred b y h e r a f te r an enorm ous SKcrifice o f b lood an d trea.«ure.

W e n ev er, b u t ooce , en te red h e a r tily iu lo th e cause o f th e P en in su la , an d th e n w e w ere n e a r ly a

y e a r to o la te , as re g a rd e d n u r p lans. I t w ould be to o g re a t a <ÍÍgre«sion h e r í , even tu Kketi'U th e bold> ttionffh irre¿,Tilar ftfibrts o f o p p ressed h u m an ity a ^ a io s t a fo reig ti ty r a u t , u n n 'ca rily m a in ta in e«i uu- d(fr e r r r y aperies« o f ad v ers ity , a n d subsid io g in to th e stead y m easu res «>f scien tific w a r, u n d e r tb e iu* Qucncc an d w ith th e a id o f a B ritish fo rc e ; whlclt, Ihougb a eom para tive lv sinaU o n e w hen ojiposed to tb e G ran d A rm y o f th e P en ín su la ,” led b y ab le g e n e ra ls an d com m anded by a W e llin g to n , c a n tr it 'e d to bafBe t)ie cho icest ta le n ts o f F ra n c e . T h« con test w as th e o f o r a o a tio o a l o b je c t; au d can I t be sup* pused chat tb e exa jn p le u f w h a t w as th e n effected b y firm ness a n d u n an im ity , w as e n tire ly lo s t upon th e people o f S paiu in 1S33, w h en an a tte m p t wan again m ad« to im pose upon th em a g o v ern m en t an d constitu tio n foreign to tb c ir fee lings au d prejudices.

N o p o rtio n u f V 'urupe p resen ted to u s so ñ n c a th e a tre o f ac tion as tb e P en in su la , w hen w e first reso lv ed to su p p o rt th c g lo r io u s s tra g g le in w hich its in h ab itan ts w ere eugaj^ed. X o w h e re ro u ld w e be fav iiored b y so m an y cii’cu tnstan ties, p h ysica l and u to ra l; au d y e t w e $ieemed w holly u n a w a re o f th is g ran d open ing , till tb e n atives tlie tnselves rtam e o v er lo a sk o u r a id . W e th e n had th c m n jo r p a r t o f thc people fo r o u r a l l ie s ; th e ir p re jud ices an d an tip a th y iig u iis t th e F re n c h , as w ell as th c Tnuunt;un(»as and diB jcult n a tu re o f th e ir co u n try , m ak in g u p fo r e th e r defects. D ese rte d hy th e i r g o v ero m en t and th re a te n e d w ith su b jiig a tio u , th e peop le o f S p a in acqu ired a ll the energie>4 u f freedo tn , and a lth o u g h those energ ies w ere u o l a lw ays Tvell d ire c te d , th ey nevertheless au im pulse to th e n a tio n a l sp irit

r

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which proved Irresis tib le , an d th e P en in su la « w rcscueii from th e g ra sp o f i ts u su rp er. T h e g lo ry — ib e advautagi*» tbcj* ga io ed , w « a ic now iiu p ru Je n tly Kiving u p , b y co tnb in ing w ith a g o v e rn m en t such a« th a t by w hich S p a in w as oppressed a t tb e p e rio d o f o a r interveiiti< in, au d d e se rtin g tb o se w h o , to th e en d , a c te d hs o n r b e s t a liics . In 1 /0 2 , we fo u g h t tb e 8 p au ia rd s IU u rde i’ to avenge (h e w ro n g s com - eoitted b y L o n is XIV’. In th e N e th e rla n d s 5 in iS W , w e second th e d csccu d ao t o f a d isap p o in ted O rlcau s, io h is w ily designs upon S p a in !

I t seem s indeed to have been o u r m isfo rtune never to b av e know n w b a t i t w as o u r re a l p o licy an<) iu - teroBt to do iti th e afik irs o f th e P e tiin su la , e x c c p t iu th e in s tan ce j a s t m en tio n ed •, an d th e n , a$ before Btated, w e w ere ta rd y , a n d fo r a lo n g tim e a t a loss Iiow to a c t. In Q ueen A n n e 's tim e , o iir p la n s w ere e q u a lly dcfi<'ieTit an d i l l con certed . T h e a llied a r- n m m en ts w ore n o t p ro in p tly b ro u g h t in to ac tio n n o r d irec ted w ith .spirit au d j)rndenec. A t f irs t tbe Spaniar<ls w ere u n p rep ared , a n d w b e n th e eom biued fleet ap p eared o n tb e co a s t o f A ndalusia , in A ugust, 1 7 0 2 , Ca«lt7, h ad n o t a g a rriso u o f m ore tb a ii 300 tnen 5 “ bu t th e (¿uecn , iu ! ie r h u sb an d ’s absence, t i l0 ugh o n ly in h e r fo u rteen th y e a r , a n d a t th e bead o f a w eak and d is tra c te d g o v e rn m en t, d isp lay ed a sp ir it a jid [in idence w o rth y o f a u m tu re r ag e . S he convoked th e cab ine t, d ec la red th a t she w ould h e rse lf r e p a ir t o A ndalusia , a n d p e r ish in its defence > sh e offered h e r je w e ls fo r sa le , an d by h e r clo ijueuce an d ex a iu p le . Infused an im atio n in lo th e m ost singgisih o f h e r mini&tevs. AU v ied i t i ofifcring th e ir lives an d p ro p e r ty ; everj th e A dm ira l o f i 'a s t i le , to

avoid fouDci U ucoc^riarj tu m ^ c a Ccndcrj t f h IK 8p rv Ices. P o r lo c a rw ro va i«ed au d in a i nt«i ued hix squad rons o f h o rs e ; th c Righop o f C o rd o v a a reg im en t o f io fa u try , an d ibc n o b les , ew lesiasticR und p eo p le fo llow ed th e exam ple. Sujip lics w rre th ro w n iu io C ad iz , th c m U ttia a jcncd by p riv a te peraou«, an d a g eu c ra l r is in g to u k p la c c th ro n g lm u t tb e co u n try tn o rc u n n ied ia te ly th re a te n e d w ith au a ttack ." '*

A M anifesto w as pub lished , O eclariug “ th a t tlie Ailicft catue, no t as enem ies, b u t t o d e liv e r thc people o f S paiu fro m th e duniin iou o f a B ourbon P riu c e .’' C adiz b e in g p iaved in a a ta te o f defence, and tb e p rem ed ita ted a t ta c k upon i t ren d e red h aza rd - ouSj H landing; w as effected a t P o r t S t. M a ry ’s , ou the opposite side o f tUe l»ay« w liith e r th e iu h ab itan ts u f th e fo rm er p lace h a d rem o v ed th e m o st va luable o f th e ir effccts- T h e « an d th e ch u reh cs w ere p il- l a ^ d . R ep ea ted o u trag es ro u se d tb e iu d iguu tion o f th e people 5 an d so m e, w ho p e rh ap s fe lt inc lined to d ec la re in fav o u r o f th e A u stria ti in te re s t , w ere d e te rre d Uv tb e m isconduct o f th e a llied co m m anders. 'J lic b e s t m easu res o f defencc h a d been adop ted -y an d iu th is s itu a tio n , divided a inoug th cm - beives, bafiled iu th e ir desi}cu, i f au y w as rea lly form ed a;^aifist C ad iz , e x c e ra ted an d sh u n D c d lik e a pestllcuec by tb e p eo p le , an d a la rm ed b y th e iucoo- » d c ra b ie b u t ac tive force u u d c r V il hid a ria s , sucecs» was hopeless. A flc r a va in a ttc o jp t to fo rcc a pus- sa^e in to th e barboxir, th e y re cm b ark ed in d iso rder

• C o x e '« B o H rb o n a , r h * p . ri5.

P 2

a n d diBfpa«^, an d d irec ted th e ir co u rsc tow ards E a jp lan d j leay iD f in th e tDiods o f th e p eo p le an jDdelible p re ju d ice ag iu u st th e cau sc a u d coooection o f th e A rchduke. T h e g o y e m o r o f R o ta , th e o n ly p c rao n w ho ap p ears (o h av e em b raced th e i r p a r ty , w as ne^lig;cDtly le ft beh ind , a n d m ad e an im m ed ia te sacrifice b y h is o ^ n d c d coun trym en .*

• lU d — M e n . d e S t , T i»aie J .

( I H A P . I V .

Ho$lilÌH<s in lyOi.— Campaigns o f 1705 and tresaex o f P h ilip V .— M adrid inJtm— Freèh iions in hÌ4 fa v o u r ^ T h e C<istHiaìis distinguish ihemielvts— L o v is XIP". applaudì the devotion o f the Castili<m3^7ìaiile o f A lm a n za tttrm M« tide o f Philipps a ffa irs^C an tpa ign o f 170^—O v eriw « fo r peace ineffectual— l*hilip':i son aehnoicledged as P rince o f A s i i ^ o s fa ihe C o ri« o j 1/05^—/Tr#f ¿m e they met since the union o f O u tiU and A m - fônîtem arhah le feaiures in the meeting—-Philip's y w A difficvilies—“Hold* a general Council— Deter- m inaiion taken— N ew tnerg its called fo rth— Camp a ig n o f 171^ —‘Disastrous to Ì^hilip— The A rch duke proclaimed in M adrid—^ o ld lp teceivedr— H<ir- ra»*€d by the Guerrillas— Obliged to qu it M a d r id ^ P hilip redoubles his efforta— Sacri^ces <ff the Co4~ tiliani! H e g a iu s a victory a n d seinttes his tliTone— Overiurei f&r peace.

I n 1704t tb e cum bined a t ta c k upon S pain waj4 re sum ed w ith fre sh vig;our, an d h e r ic r r i to ry assa iled on th e E a à t an d W eat. T b e A rch d u k e Ch&rleA, esco rted b y a ficee u n d e r tb e com m and o f S ir G eorge R ook, landi^d a t tîshon w ith 8000 Eii|?lis!i au d COOO DuU'h, w h e re h e w*as ju io ed by a la rg e P o rtu g u ese lu rcc . l i e issued a ManifeiitOf d e tiu U n g h is p rc tun -

siuDS to th c S pauU h C row n, a jid ¿euo u u ctiig tbc usurpatioQ o f th c D u k e d ’A njou , in s te a d how ever o f m a rd i in g d ire c t upon K stix m ad u ra , as o rig in a lly coD tem plated , th c a llies Hpcnt a coitâidcrablo tim e in diiiputca au d in a c tio n . Of* th i« in tc r r a i tb e Spaniiirds to o k ud van ta g s , an d co llec ted a fo n * e on tb e FoH iigqesc fro n tie rs , w hich v a n a fte rw ard s jo in e d by 12ÜOO Fi^jncb, u n d e r th e D u k e dc B erw ivk. T h is a rm y cro.^sed th c P o rtu jriicsc fro n tie rs «nd to o k severa l s tro n g platees, a m o n g w liich w as Ab« ra n te s , n e a r w h ich sp o t th c D u tch to o k up a poííi- t io n , w h ils t tlie B ritish m a in ta iu cd tiiem sc l?cs a t E lv a s . T h e P o rtu g u ese o p e i'a ted in th e N o rth ; b u t sudden ly tu rn in g to w ard s th c th c y r e co v ered M o n te S a n to an d fljis te l-B roneo , thu% en- d a n g e iin g B erw ick ’s a rm y . H e how ever recpo^sed tb c T ag u s , an d tb e su m m e r h e a ts pu t an end to tb e cam p a ig n , th e secnc o f w hich did n o t e x te n d bevond th c P o rtu g u ese te r r i to ry .

S uppo sin g th rtt C a ta lu u ia w as r ip e fo r in su rre c tio n , S ir G eorge K ook convcyeil th i th e r th e P rin ce o f D ariii.stad t, w ith 4000 m en . T liis fo rcc w as h o w ev er to o sm a ll t o se rv e as a p o in i d ’ap p u i lo tb c p a rtisa n s o f A xutria , w hich enab led th e g o v e rn o r o f th e prov ince to check ev ery sy m ptom o f in iu r - rec tio n . T h e o b jec t o f th e exped itio n b e in g th u s f ru s tra te d , th e E n g lish A d m ira l w ith d re w ; an d , d e scen d in g tb e M ed ite rran ean , tb is tlc e t cap tu red ( l ib ra l ta r . i n I ta ly , th e L o w C o u n trie s , an d G erm a n y , th c w a r ra g e d w ith a lte r tia tc snecess, tiearly a l l E u ro p e being u p in artiis ; b u t i t w aa evidetit th a t th c AKies, ^vhetller u n d er E u g en e o r Afarl- boroug)«, h ad uo t aeqnii*e«l th a t rc g u la r iry o f design

atid v ig o u r o f cxccu tio n , whicli ilW iifigiushcd Ihc moTRinenls o f th c FreocU, T lie irc a su rc and pow er o f E n g lan d w ere e x e rte d i a a can»e w b irlt w as not h e r owD I und alt> iough, b y h e r iuflueuce, th c l>atcb and O ertoa iis u n ited ag a in s t th e coitim on enem y, the c h ic t bu rden fe ll upon herself.

In th e P e n io iu la , th e cam p aig n o f 170>'> ^ a s m ore pn jgpcrous tu th c nilie^ arm s. T lie a t ta c k upou G ib ra lta r p ro v ed fru itle ss , w h ils t th c o p era tio n s from V o rtu g a l w e re a tte n d e d w ith s ig n a l advan- tagen. fte in fu rfe to e iits w e re se n t o u t u n d e r th e g a llan t P e te rb o ro u g h , an d O aiaU niia beca!DC thc scene o f an tlun , as w ell a s th e th e a tre o f a civil w a r w hich shook th e th ra o e o f P h ilip V ., a tid w as n o t ex tiugu ished t i l l a f te r th e re s to ra tio n o f peace. D arceiooa su rre n d e re d an<) wa» p laned iu a s ta te o f d e fen ce ; bu t th e season beiiijr to o fo r ndvaoeed fu r fu r th e r opera tiun» , th e B r itis h flee ts w ith d rew , ooc to E n g land an d th c o th e r to th e T agus.

A t th e open ing o f tb e cam p a ig n , in 1 7 ^ ? P h ilip V . planed h im self a t tl ie b ead o f h is force.« destiised to re ta k e B a rc e lo n a ; b u t, af^er ImoiCDse s iaug lite r, the c tfo rt fa iled th ro u g h th e seasonab le a r r iv a l o f rv iuforccm ents- H e re tn ru e d to M ad iid , defeated auil a lm o st w ith o u t an a rm y . T h e coast« o f Spaiti w ere in thc h a n d s o f th e A llies, o t th e sam e tim e th a t, on th e E a s t an d W e st, th e ir a rm ies lield au •m m euse e x te n t o f te r r i to ry , in w h ich w'ere som e o f thc m o st iR ip o rtau t tow ns an d stro n g h o ld s . Bei*- w ick h a d re tr e a te d b efo re an in v ad in g a rm y u f40,000 m en , a n d ti ie eap tn rc o f tb e in te rv en in g pi ACCS, capab le o f r c “iB tanre, b ad opened ib e ro a d tu th e very cap ita l. T h e K in g 's s itu a tio n appeared

d e sp e ra te , th e N g rih e m p ro v in ces b e lo ^ ah trust th*t o n ly p o rtio n o f the K ing d o m w hich s t i l l cluD g to hi* in te re s t. In th is p re d icnm eut, T essè , >•!» owm g en e ra l, n d n s c d h im to re tiro tn H aris j b u t P h ilip , th e r ig o u r « f w hose m ind w as ro u sed b y a d v e re ily , de<sp)sed th e cou tise i p re ssed uptm h im , an d d ec la rin g llm t he h a d tak e ti h is resoluCiou to a s ^ r t his rightjs to th e tliro n e o f S p a in , u p o n S p an ish g ro u n d , pn»ceeded in p e rso n to jo in B erw ick ’s a rm y , w hich w as th e u o n ly 11 loHgnes fro m tfie cap ita l, an d d id n o t ex ceed «000 m en . T h e c o iu t w ithd rew to B u r-

und th e A llies e n te re d M a d r id ; b u t, to th e ir dLsoppoiotm eut, n o erowUs— n o aoclam atious, w vi- i 'o m ed th e ir a irlyaU *

P h ilip ’s cflbris an d ad d ress in sp ired th e province» xvith confid rnce , a u d g a in ed h im fresh p a rtisau s. D clig iited w ith th e a^iur& iu’e th a t th c y shou ld (»reserve a sovere ign w hom th e y h a d v o lu n ta r ily ac know ledged , an d w h o w as p led g ed t<» m a in ta in tìic in te g r ity o f th e ir m o D o r e b y ; n n d di^tdaining to r e ceive o n e forced upon tlien i b y foreigoen«» a rtcw sen tim en t a n im a te d ev e ry h e a r t . t 'I h e p easan ts tlooked to liis s tan d a rd , an d in C astile a lm o st every h a le m an becam e & so ld ier. F re sh e r ro rs on th e ()art o f tiie A llies soon b ro u g h t tb is cam paign to a i 'lu sc . 'i ’b e ir coronninicatio iis w ith P o rtu g a l w ere

* C o n e 's I k m r b u i u , c h i ip . ù v .

f T h n e l4 9010« » ifu U w lij l» ftw c v n i h f « ¡ im t io u o f Ü je I * -

¿áJitc l> » o O r l f ìK , » n d l)>M o f P ]i) lip V . m iL « |wcÌ<mI slinTP a l lu d e d tv

'f l i e sa ie jc f r r l i o x « » r e no«v p ro r fu d o f t a im ilo j ' «ffiT t;*. w i r e r>vii

k « ¡ a S |f.io2 « o d o n i) i^ f s n e t b c c u n i« « t V c tn n ; u hSiu n u d V u

r i^ « p . 'i ) t : i r w a id d owE la* o f lo o fi d u n t ì o n .

t‘Mt olT; th e y w ere driven from V'alcDcia, wliitUer th ey h ad a d v a u c c d ; an d U crw ick ended tli$ cam paign w ith tlie rc co v c ry o f O rcliuela , C uenca aud C a i ih a ^ n a ,* noñ P h ilip re e n te red M adrid .

L o u is X IV ., w h o b y th is tim e b a d l e a m t th a t the S paiiian ls io rece iv ing one o f h is F am ily upon th e ir th ro n e , h ad n u t com pounded fo r Ib e lr iudependenite, euuld no t re fra in from d o in g ju s tic e to th e fidelity an d g a lla n try o f th e C astilian s •, w ho a re a t th is m o m rü t a c tu a te d by a s io iila r fee ling , w hic!i the K iitish n a tiou w ou ld b e tl ie (u rem o st (o npplaad , w ere th e y n u t <lcceÍTe«l a s to th e m otives an d sp ir it o f th e ineu rrec tiou now ra g in g tîere, a s « e l l as in ibe B incayaa p rov inces an d X a v a rre . “ Y o u r en e- u i I k s , ' ’ th e F re n c h K h ig w ro te to P h ilip , “ cau no lo n g er hope to siHTCcd, since th e ir p ro g ress has ouly »ervcd to d isp lay tb e i;ou rage an d fide lity o f a

* T iu» fio'kvhcd Uiia C4iop«iìipi," uys Hciwíck ia bb Uciooir?, “ o B e o t i lk p u i o i t » in m iia i , f r i^ u ih e v A rie t j o í ix* e v c a t» . T i c lu ir la*

m ieg i L m t v o f d u« vpiih ( o U l r e ( n ^ b * t ( h e i i r o ^ n e « lA fl d o s e « e r «

a d r a u u i f rn a H i n d e lo r io M t o i b c a ra to o f ( h e (w o r m w a í . T b e

^ a i r iu 4 ( (e (» u f lL j« d ( id i n u au io y t o c h c i 'k t h v o ; t h e k b f u b l i f o l

u> n ú e ih e s ie g e o f I W c r l o a a , &nd ) « t | r e i a to F ] « n c e : aU » e e n ie d (o

d c c id r tb4< u f 5 ( ií i ia . A o d , < lu u tn )e M , h a d t h e (»rofi(«d b y

tb e ro jg n i< ^ n r e » n d ^ s a l ie d ()i» V p n le t» ( h e A r c h d n b c o i v t h k v e b r e n

K in ; : , w (ch«(U B b o p v o f r c t n n t i t r h l« C a th o U c M ^ e s ty , l í u t (Le

^ i r i | ' f A i j h 6 (,{ e b c h O cH eraüs, jo it» e d (o ( h e ü tip A n a i* l« d fideJU y o f

th c C iiitk liaB ? , Qg t h e tIo K ineanA t n r # a ) n ( b e a p p c r

d rir c th rm « g a is rrat u f Ca«(ÍI«. T b e ( « o « ( ii iir » lu a d c , I f w c m B f

OM ib e r t p t e s ú o a . • tw o r rtm a d Sp^ÍM. l l t r ) b e |« ] i t b e cam f«1 |;n xeîr

UArtajui, >R d, k ftcr t r a f m a i g t b e tw u Ciu»tÍlM, A nisberi U ia ih « K ln f-

ilg a ^ O Í V Bjpneia in d M u r c U , U Ih e d i«(aivce n f ISO T h e ;

v'ûpíed c’|cbr)>fii'c knri, »Ithrtn^b ix> (ooliI>la4re, iv e u b t4 in rd (D f a a m e lu lv u tu ^ r s i'rv is a f ir t v r y j t b i , *cc«((t>

i’ig KO cd lc u ifo iv u , >*e u*-:»de 1 9 .M V p d w w r r » /*

n a tio n , eq u a lly bravo a n d loya l. Y our peop le c a u - u«it be d istioguighed trx>m reg’u la r troop!^, an d doubC* less sucli conv incing pro<»fs o f th e ir a ttao liiu e iit to you , m u s t au^cinent y o u r affection fo r th e m ." * T hese sam e w o rd s m ig h t, w ith tq u a l t r u th a tid m o re sin ce rity , b e n o w a d d ressed to t l ie illu s tr io u s an d p e rsecu ted ex ile in P o rlu g a l, T h e p e rsev eran ce aud devo tion o f th e ad h e ren ts o f P h ilip V . w ere adm ired even b y th e ir enem ies. F e te rb o rau g li, w hose g a lla n t s p ir i t w a s cap tiv a te d b y congen ia l a rd o u r , dec la red th a t a l l th e fo rc e o f E u ro p e w as n o t snffieiciit to co n q u er ( la s tilc .f

T h c o b je r t o f th e se pagres b e in g confined to S pain , i t is n o t n eecssa ry to re v e r t to w iiat Icwk p la t e in i ta ly , o r th e N e th e rla n d s . A fte r th c b a ttle o f Uau)- illes , L o u is to ad e o v e rtu re s fo r p cace , whicth w ere re je c te d , n o tw ith s ta n d in g th c jea lo u sie s w hich ¡>re- vailed am o n g th e A llies, i u S p a in bo tli p a r tie s agaiu to o k th e fie ld ; b u t th e b a ttle o f A im an fo u g h t o n tl ic 2 5 th vS A p ril, 1 /0 7 , g av e a sudden tu rn to F b ilip ’s affains. T h e d efeat o f tl ie A llies oo th is occasion w as com plè te ; au d , w ith in a m onth a fte rw ard s , B erw ick leco v crcd all A rag o u au d , w ith th e «xeep tion o f D e n ia an d AU«;ant, th e provinces o f V a le u r ia an d M urcia- C a ta lo n ia s till held o u t ; b u t th e b ir th o f a P rin c e s e i T c d a.s an add itional cuixrurai^am ent to P h ilip ’s p a rtisa n s . T liis event in sp ired fresh a rd o u r in to th e b re a s ts o f th e loyal ; w hile i t secu red th e adhesion o f m any , a u x i o u s only fi>r th c i u d c p c D d c D c e and in te g rity o f fh c m ouaxchy.

' N o»JJk* i, T o m 3 . t C u s e ’i B o u rb o M , CM 15»

o r w earied ox\t w itli tlie calaiuU ies o f a duâstruua am i secQjiuicI; iu tc rm ia n b lc w a r.

T bc d efeat u t A lm anza au il »ubsequcu t d isaste rs m ad« a ilcep im pression upon tb c AUic», w h o n ^vcr- thelesB reso lved to p ro se c u te tHo (;on tfst w ith r e new ed v ig o u r. K cin forcc m euta w e re aecw rU injiy seu t tu open th e cam p a ig n o f bnC tiie o p c ra -tioos in th is y e a r w e re a lm o st eoufiiied to th e capture* o f a few scronif liold^, p rin c ip a lly by P iiilip ’a F rcn eh aaxU iarics. W liils t th e m ilita ry o p c ra tla n s w«rc go iug o n , Ijou is ntdiif! a $>«cun<i a tte m p t t o p u t au end to th e w ar- C oufcrences w e re opened a t tbe U a g a e an d p ro v ed inetlec tiia i. W ith tlie AJUea, the question o f p eaec o r w a r »cem cd lo be red u ced to a sim ple p ro p u sltio u . L ou is, in co iitravcD tiou o f solem n T re a tie s and Heoun<*iationi<, h a v iu ^ p laecd 1 1 1!« grau<lsoii upon Ihc S p an ish th ro o c an d tbus giveu cau»e fo r th e w a r , w as req u ired e i th e r to p e rsuade o r eom pcl P h ilip to aban d o n Spain .*

I t th u s ap p eared th a t th e S paniard» w crc n o t eveo to be cuniiultcd. L o u is m ig h t have b ro k en hi» cu - gagement»« to th e A llie s ; b u t P h ilip V . h ad u o t b e tray ed th e in te re s ts o f th e k ingdom w liich h e h ad beô cftlle<l npon to goverti. W h ile th e se d iscussions w e re g o in g on , h is to n w&n a itk n o u lcd g ed by tb e C o rtes in th e c h a ra c te r o f P rin c e o f A stu rias . T his w as a u o th e r p led g e g iven by P h ilip o f h is re so lu tion no t to iibandon th e th ro o c . 'I'>ie cerem ony , w hich to o k p laec o n tb c 7 th o f A p ril (I'O l^), w-as m em orable in th e an n a ls o f S p a in . t I t wa»t th e

* C v s e 'a B o o rb o D S , C h s p . a r i .

f A i» i t i n • \e U c r friûi t h e U u c \ u tu k tir

firs t lim e tb a t the K iugdom s o f C astile an d A r a ^ o

m t » r , r t i f D uch fR « o f p f w r v e d \ , j I ^ b e r l i , T n m ? . U

rw c iD b J r f t b e c c r m o o y p c r f i r n f t j b IT S ? , u d i n « w r a J ro ip c c M th » i

i m s . T h e Q n n n i ’s l e t t e r id d a w d A p r i i 8 , 1 7 0 9 , a n d r u n s t k u .

“ M y K in » a s y c s f tn i a y » e k n o w W j < d p r m o n p t i r e b d r o f t i c

l o o a a r f b y , b , t b e U m e % y f i b c K ln s d o o i , aoH i a Ih i* q o a lU y ,

I b c c l i r * 7 , a l l i b c g r a n d i e , , t h e o f l l c f n o f t h f c r o w o , a n d d c p e t i ^ o r

( M t o w o s w h o h a v e a r i g h t u> a » < i» t f t i ( h e a ) r v ( in ;o f U K t w n r t

fidfll5c7 « i bSiB , d fii L o o .w e , u d k t8M.<d M s l u n d . T h e P a t r i a r f h , 4b

g r a a d a l m o n e r , c * ) o f i ro i r t L in s , a f f o r d i n g l o u . u j l c i m t^ » . C a rd ia a l

P y rtoc*T T ftro W M h is f f o d f t th e r , a o a t h e D « k c o f M e J io i . C e l l r e c w re d

»he h w o w g p , T b l* c e r c o o o r t u t e d o c a r l ; thre«? b o n r i , I 1 »c a« ie> u b lr

w i a F e ry n u a i c r c o « i b n l e r e c r i h i B j p » u c d in t b e « p ^ a te s t o r d e r a n d

w i» b p r u fn o n d r « p e r t . I w » i u u k u s e r p r i» o ] ih » u s r w i f ie d w i tb t h e

« • P in a n d t e a d c r c r p r e M S u u w i t h w b l c b , in k 1« i o « o u r t M d i , eacfc

p e n « a tM ti f le d h i t J 0 7 . » a d t b a t o f t h e « b o l e h in j d o ® , A i> w it tw e l ie

o M v c k t b e K i n j . Q iy sc if , v i A ¡ u j * o n , a K g li te d a t t b e c b u r c t j o f S t

* > c ro tiiio o , w h ic h w e f o u n d » » s n j f i c c n t J f o iD A c a io i« ^ , j u d A I M w ith

4U W h o h a > e a r i « h t 10 b e p r m - n t i n r i r t n c o f tfce lr © fflcw , y , m n j i - a -

b c r a o f t h e R itd C ca . T h e K jd s k v a t ie n d u d b y t l i c g r e a t «flScera o f *he

c r t ^ » n . I foU ow ed b y f o u r te e n la d ie s , t i l g r » 4 c lw i , n r w i t w o f

g ra u d c v « , w h o m I c b y « f ro m t b e 6 r a t f w n l l iw o f S p » ia ; a n d t i y s o n

b y i b c P r in c e s s O r i i n i . I t w a s h e r d u t y , a« c a « i t f « r * -

t o t o l d w , t n u n i b « t a* * h c A))e4 t b e office o f g r v r tm « « t o tb e

W n o e , b e r |» la a : « ra j s rp p M rii b j t h e C o u n t o f A fu llA r , C^apwl« o f th e

ffiia rd» , b c o i w c i f r h a d n o m in a te d a la d y , t i i i i p w f e r e n c e w o u ld n a » «

t f l r o w n a J J tb « re#e In to d c t p t i r . A « s o f ia u w e a r r iv e d * u d c -r o i r

c a n o p y , t h e c c ic io o n y c o m ii ic n w d w it l i t b e A’ « . C r n l 9 r . n u ra u B th e

w h o le » a M , t o , ««;o b e h a v e d w U b a t r M q u i l l i t y a u d cbeerfub«>& s w h ic li

g e n e ra l « t w i t f o a . H e k ia s e d i b e g o s p e l a o d t h e p l x , l i k e a r e a -

a o o a b lc p c ra u u ; b u t a f t e r n u i « , w h e n Ikc w a « c a r / i r t t o t h e a l t e r u t

b t e o n i r t o e d , b e b e c a m e C re tf il a t i \ * l i i ia g n e ; u o d w b c a hU b ro w

« » 9 b o u n d w U b tb n d ia d e n j , L e » i s te r r i f i e d a n d c r i c d , I H « d id n w

k o w T T p r, l a s t U>ag ; la v m s o o n a a h e w a s W 'o u ^ , t h * c k to m t h ie h a n

c « * e d . R * i'h p e r s o n , a e c o r r t io g t o b ia r a n k , t ) ,e a to r > k t h e o a t h , a n d

d id b o B » « . M o r i t h a n 2 0 0 k ts s v d h i» h a n d , w l i e h h e p r i i c n k d v e ry

g r a i lo n a ly a n d w i th l a n i« p i i l e u c e ib a n c o e W b e c x f c t t f i f r o m a n

in f u i t o f tw e n ty m o n th « . A t l a s t , b o w f r « r , tb e y w e r e v b U g cd t o b r in g

hM n n r w , b « c u l i i i v a u c k le d h i n , )<e g a v e b ia h a n d t v S ia* a s

bad m et in C o rtes . T h e shMts d isp u te regarditif^ p rere ile iife w as ihctx s ta r te d , w bicb has d is liu ^ isU c d a ll subsequen t itjeetin^g o f th a t A ssem bly. A ragoo , by i ts d ep u tie s , c la im ed preceiicnce , od th e p ica tb a t it hod beeu en fc tcd io to a K iugdoici a t a l»erlod w hen C astile w as o u ly a C o uo tsinp . B u t th e « x tco t an d ricb cs o f th e la t te r , th e su b seq aeo t in« co rpo ra tion u f o th e r kiD gdom s, a u d th e u tisbaken fidelity o f th e naCives, tu rn e d th e sca le in i ts fKTOur s and th e d epu ties Z a ra g o z a to o k (h e ir sca ts n e x t to th o se o f B u rgos.

T his ineetiug o f th e C o rtes w as d ln tlu ^ is h e d by a n o th e r p e c u lia r fe a tu re . T h e K in g 's P ro c u ra to r dem anded Chat abso lu te posscssiou shou ld b e given to the P riu ce o f A s tu r ia s o f h is dom in ions, as had been done in th e case o f H en ry , gon o f J o h n 1. w hen, in 136B, h e espoused CathcriDC, d a u g h te r o f the K ing o f E n g la n d ; w ho, in h is tu rn h a v in g beeu p roclaim ed k lu g , ordûued th a t th e sam e ru le shou ld be observed by h is ow n sod, J o h n IL , a s reg a rd ed H enry IV’„ h e ir to th e U tte r . T h is s in g u la r p ro position , founded as i t w as od p reced en ts , pe rp lex ed

bÊ orp , ( l i d a j t ) l a » m A n n c r U ia t seeB3«d «1 I f to in ^ u lr « w h e d i« r I t

w o u ld b o c s o o n f l a ^ h . t b e 7 'e D e t tm , w t pSMSci] u> crar s p a r t -

n ieu t» )q ( b e i« jd p o r d e r , « j id w i d i t h e a a ia e a tl« iK âaU . T b e p eo ^ ik

c o q id on« g iv e m o r e p r o o l r o f k b c ir ze ftl « a d lo v e fo x u a , t h a a o n th i s

o m i k m . T b e c o e j i w v » p le m lld , a n d I tbiok n o fe»U v*l « 4 « e r e r

t c n l a i e d . a u r n n r e s e a e r a D y u i i K f i c tv r r . ’'

Tbe J i t r s o f the Infanta l u b c l » aa PrSaem of A i n r i w , and f o r which tba altore ser\ed t* a copr, took pkce on ihe 20ib o f Joae. 1BS3. I ^ r ia j the ecrrmon}', the Infaataw aa io moeb frightened bythcnoiB - ber aud p v le tr u f the |ier»onjt v b o appruacbed to k iu ber h o d , tbat sbe freq«euilr b«ro( Into te r n , 4t d <o«ld onJf be pacified b f a tibcral -upply i>f 4Dgar-pluB«.

P lillip V . anil he re fe rred i t to th c O n m rU o f C astile} w ho therf^mi rcp o rle tl, th a t to th e IL‘»r A p- p n rc o t o f th c Ci*own no o th e r t i t le o a g h t to be g ran ted th a n th a t o f P riuco o f A bturias, T h e y nioi*e- o v er oh<i«rrcd, t l ja t i t w .is dflD^rerons to ackoow - I c d ^ tw o sov ere ig n s in fh e «Hmc s ta te ; am i th a t th c v e ry ex am p le quo ipd o f H co ry IV ., w h o rebelled a^^ainst h is fa th e r , w as a sufficient a u th o rity fu r th e decision given.

T h e reeog iiitio rt o f h is son b y th c C o rtes io sp ircd P h ilip V . w ith fre>ih confi deuce , an d a t th e «ame tim e en d e a re d h im m o re to th e S pan ish peop le . E v e ry day h e fo u n d them m o re dispoaed to su p p o rt h is iu te re s ls , D oew ithstandiiig th e cai>als o f the C raudees. F ea rfu l h o w ev er th a t h is g ran d fa th e r, w hose m ilita ry nid h a d b « D o f «noh e ssen tia l se r- yice to h iiu , m ig h t, io th c p re ssu re o f th e m om ent, conclude a sej>arKtc p eace an d acquiesce in th e co n d itio n s ex a c te d , h e w ro te to h itn on tlip | “ th o f A p ril, th a t is , te n day« a f te r th e ack n o w led g m en t o f b is son l>y th c C ortes, in th e se te rm s— “ I have tak en m y reso lu tio n , an d n o th in g sh a ll com pel m e to ebange it, T h e c row n o f S p a in , whicJi G o d h as p laced on xny Iiead, I w ill m a iu ta in a s lo n g as a d ro p o f W ood flows ia ray ve in s . I ow e th is re so lu tio n to m y conscience, m y h o n o u r, a n d th e love o f m y subje e ts . T1>ey, 1 am {onT inced, w ill n ev e r abandon m e in th e m ost adverse eircum sCauces ; an d as I am de te rm in ed to expose m y life a t tb e ir h ead , so th ey w ill i'heertuU y sh ed th e ir b lood to re ta in m e oo tb e th ro n e . W e re I i-apable o f m ean ly re lin q u ish in g m y ¿ ig n ity , you , i am conv inced , w o u ld renounce tne as y o u r g ra n d s o n ; an d I, fo r m y p a r t , b n m to

l>roTc m y titJo tu th a t h o n o u r , n o lc«s b y m y action th an by m y b lood . I wUl Iherefo re u ev er sig n u tre a ty u n w o rth y o f m yself} I w ill n e v e r q m t S pain w hile I have a sp a rk o f U fe ; I w ill r a th e r peri'<h, d ispu ting every inch o f g ro u n d a t th e h e a d o f m y troo(is, th a n ta rn is h th e g lo ry o f m y ho u se , w hich I hope w ill n ev er h e d ishonored b y m e. I sh a ll feel tbe rousoliition th a t w h ile ! a m c o n teu d iu g fo r m y ow n io te resta , 1 am likew ise co iite ad io g fo r th o se o f Fratice, to w h ich th e p re se rv a tio n o f S p a in Is absolu te ly aecessury .’'*

P h ilip V’., d u rin g th e m s i s o f h is a ila irs , derived no sup[)ort from th e P a p a l S ee. lu tim id a te d by the E m p ero r o f A u str ia , P o p e C lem en t X I ., a lth o u g h (levoted to th e B o u rb o u lu ie re s t, w as ob liged tu fi»rego h is n e u tra li ty a f te r t i le o c iip a tio n o f N aples nod th e M Q anese .t U u d e r d a te o f th e 10th o f O ct. 1701), IILa H oliness w ro te a le t te r to th e A rchduke C harles, aildreusing h im b y th e t i t le o f “ M ajes ty ,” w hich gave g re a t o£fen(5e a t M ad rid , as w ell as a t P aris , T{ie feuds In th e c c a r t w e re a t th e sam e tim e eK trcm ely p re ju d ic ia l to P h ilip ’s c a u se ; and

* N oaiiL :i, Torn l\',

t Ta slurw (lie frfline i. a t well •» ibe tlileotu» 1» which Cl^raeoi XI. w»* at (be (im r pltccd. It o)«7 be proper toobMrvc tb i t , at ft Con* SMfory hpid UA tbi: 14ib u f th e same a o n th of Oc(f>bcr, /o r the appotat. D ent « f (he Disbup u f SohvaA ih C^UlOBla, (be choice of CbarlcR wai

t« , qBaliAtKl in th e } ' w o r d n ^ “ a / j f r e 4 f » w t^ e m C u tp S IU .C » lh n i i f i n U f « n i a r * m , t i» » / m m a U m t a p > * N i4 t* tit

V . p a n l e r R r g i4 C ^ ih o lk l JU * p tt» ia rn m r " T h e re w p rp r tie o

t<ro L in g » i n S p a J n , a* t b e r c ociw a r e i n P o r t t f ^ i^ , i b e o n e MCMpylng

cuAU a n d the o t h e r t l i e ¡KterV>r. Tbe M;c«i«ci0n o f i b e \ i t t e t

^ e n n t l i y p r o t e d ( b e p e r n i f in c n t o n e .

h is CDjployhig sev e ra l F re n rh m c n iii Ih ? fidm lnis- t r a t io n , ra ised up enem ies a g a in s t h im am ong tb c nobles. F .xtcbsive cabals w ere h i f iv t fo rm ed ag a in s t b im ; an d a t one tim e even a ru p tu re b e- tw eeD tb e S pan ish PbilipiD es iuid tb e ir F rench a u x ilia r ie s w as ap p reh en d ed . T h e h a rd <^<m<lition9 o f th e A llies how ever ex c ited fresh ind ignation am ong th e n a tiv e s , w h o saw th a t th e d ism em berm en t o f th e ir D ionan :hyw as in ev itab le , i f th ey d e s e r te d P h ilip . T o h im fh e hopes o f th e n a tio n w ere th e re fo re d irec ted , th e ir o n ly re«onrce . T h is (iouviction prodntMid g re a te r iinan im ity , an d th o tid e o f p o p u la rity ag a iu tu rn e d iu P h ilip ’s favour. T b e S p an ia rd s o f th a t d ay w ere s tim u la ted ao d su p p o rte d in tb e ir a rd u o u s s tru g g le , b y th e s tro n g n a tio n a l fee ling , th a t th ey w ould be d eg rad ed by su b m ittin g to a fo re ign y o k e ; an d th e re is every reason tn ex p ce t th a t th e sam e causes w ill c x tr ie a tc th em from th e ir d ifliealtiea iu th e p re se n t day .

P ressed on a l l s ides a n d y e t de te rro ined n ev er to su rcn m b , P h ilip convened h is m in is te rs an d th e ch lcf lioblep, to d em an d th e ir counsel an d assistance . H e la id before th em an ex p o sitio n o f p ub lic afla irs, cxp la iL ing a t th e i;iamc tim e th c iciciuietude in td w h ich he h im ie lf w as th ro w n , b y th e p rev a ilin g opin ion th a t h e w as ab o u t to be abandonee^ by F ra n c e . H e re p e a le d hin re so lu tio n to perish r a th e r th a u sacrifice h is sub jec ts , to w hose zeal an d aflee- tio n h e m ad e a fre sh ap p ea l. T lie a ssem bly w ere deep ly m o v ed ; h u t th e n a tio n a l im p u lse w as g iven b y P o rto e a re ro , w ho, a t th e adv an ced ag e o f 74, em erg ed from h is re tr e a t to a tte n d th is im p o rtan t m ee tin g , an d by a e tln g a p a n becom ing h is b igh

9tntum , <’Ompcn'«ated fo r h is rco cn t apo'Sta^'j*. I l is ci:aaip]c au d e x h o r tattong ca lle il fo itb aii uo ao i- niDus b u rs t o f cnthu& lasra.* T h c iisscm bly p ro te s ted th a t d u ty au d a lfec tiou , no ie ss th a n a lieg iance, liDund them to m a iiitam tb c ir sovere ign upon !iis th ro n e , 'l l ie y dec la red i t to b e a de^rftd a tlo u o f th e n a tio n a l d i^ i i ty , to su llc r C tig]and and H olland tv p a rce l ulit th e ir M o u a re h y ; an d d e te rm in ed th a t i f th e K in g o f F ra u i« w as no lonj^er ab le to fu ru tsh th c req u is ite a ss is tan ce , th e w ho le peop le , w ith o u t distiiietioii o f r a u k , sh o u ld rise vu m aste, an d sac ri- fiiHi them selves fo r th e ir sovere ign , th e ir co u n try , and th e ir h o n o u r. T h e y concluded by re rum itiend iug ib e d ism issal u f a ll F ren ch fu n c tio n arie s , an d the vstnbllslim cnt o f u pu re ly Spau i^b ad iu iu i-tra tiuu .i*

T hc CDthusiasnt o f the nobles w as com m unicatcd to tb e c lergy} an d th e peop le , a n im a te d by th e en co u rag em en t o f th e ir chiefs an d p as to rs , flocked to the ro y a l s ta n d a rd . T be n eg o tia tio n s a t th e llaj^iie w ere b ro k en off, aitbouj^b th e p re lim ioarle» agreed upon req u ired tbe m ere s ig n a tu re o f L o u is > and P h ilip ag a in to o k th e field, only to eT pericnce fresb d isappo iu tm en ts. D issensions am oog h is ow n officers p rev en ted a blow fn m i b e in g s tru c k in C ata lo n ia , w here his forecs h a d tb e su p e rio rity o f n u m b ers i ftud b e re tu rn e d to tJie c a p ita l, ch ag rin ed , bu t n o t di!^pirited.

The cam p aig n o f 1710 w as th e m o st even tfu l p e-

* T l i « ACI c iu s M t h e p w liilck i lifo iL i» r« a i« ir lia b lc ü is q . T?te

w u hcW m April and b c died Sein. 14, ai Tblolu.—« * . P h il ip p e , T o m e 2.

t Cftst'a RourboQ«, Chap. ttI,

K

n o d o f th é fiontc«t- ITiíIip to«»k ih e fielíi in M ay Hnd prottccdcd to C ata lo n ia . T b c d efeat how ever o f h is troop« u t A liu eu ara , a n d a fte rw ard s n e a r 55iiragOKâ» w here Jiîs long w;ts im m ense^ fo reed hitti b ack to W ad rid . E ? c n th e n , he was n o t received as a fu g itiv e ; b lit a¡ a soverelgH who sliU po^^sessrd the affertioQS o f h is subjeetó , an d w h o sem isfo rto n es nnà firiime<<^ íq aiirerr^ify endeared liiiii iuoi*e to th e ir h e a r ts . T h e y h a d w itnessed hi« sacrifiiiss to >eeure th a t w hich th e y them selves w ished , and th e y valued h im as th e inslruinetjt: o f ih c ir ow n iiidepeiideui«— as th c boud o f iim on w hich alone could p rev en t th c sev eran ce o f th e v a rious p a r ts o f tb e i r com m onw ealth . 'JT icyhad adm ired h is b rav ery , an d e x u lte d th a t tb cy had am ooK tlieiii a P rin c e w lio p ra c tise d th a t w hich h e profevued an d recom m ended-* T h e a rm y o f

* ttie l>AEtle f>( AJmroAtft, C n e ra l Sunhopc con o an ^cd * âiTÙivB o i C»Tkli7. And l a t c « dc»cci}rt><K) o f Úje í« A ír Ui M r . uodcrd w u f jd ir 2 1 ,1 7 1 0 ; hill U )s \hf h lsK riaas wlio bave pre-s ^ 9m1 10 a» tb e retords o f thc DcrouiB âiupUyfd h ; Philip V. nti ili*i nieinor«ble ocra^ion, wli«a. for &Le< r«t iiiue, butb tbc roi'&l cAnipMiura were ■poQ the jcVHurf. 'I’he AUIe» «Kcupicd an advauugevu» pofitwn o u r .M oum i'i, »• PhHip's ari)iy adiMmrd tu U ic attack, H U ca>ali7 h id to rw eife tlk? Ít«íliy Are o f U pifces ol artillery, bffftrf the lo- fan(t> cajte u;r, Landed b r biU 'elf. were drircn back b ; repeatedfbafera» ajid, iàllior iiftoo ih« and re(n*ed to ijuU thc ;ru aad . At that ijioiueot lix squadrosfl o f (be Allied m 'l l r j ivei« >4>prt)iU'bifig thc *pot n(y»o w bid i he «t«»}, wh«n th e fallAut V u llc jo , with his liragnoo», rasbcd hrtweeh cheoi »iid itie K in ;, and tbun affbrdeil hU raral iD*»n;r tii*c tn fMa¡>e. Tbit tact U ab u iiicotimiMl by T U r^, IJuiolredtt fArtnfmeni de In ^/aiMn Doarh^t, JVr»e t . Thr panic <'»ii»ed hy ilkii rr^tulM led to t>ie di«a«t?onii ó{ t i e c«iupAjfQ of 171 0 , t b u «ffÍ7rtli?i¿ 10 tbe Alik'S a aiom rotary triumph, dte hrariit of whirh they nfterniirJf Wt

b cin^ iiparly d c 'itro y cd a u d hiirisulf p u r- eiicd» th e o u ly nU<*matiTe le ft wan to r fu io v e his CDiirt t a V'aUMdoIid, w b ltb c r h e w as fo llow ed by the m a jo r p a r t u f t h r in bab itan t» .

'I'he A rcbduke m ad e b is p u b lic eu try in to th e Spanish r-apital wbu^b Le found n e a r ly em p ty . In o rd e r to eouciji a te , o r overaw e tb e peop le , th e p a- f r a i i t r v displftved ou tb is oceasioQ w as splendid . H e w as p reced ed by 2000 h u rsc , and fo llow ed b y bi>t body-ffuard, w ith a lo n g ;re U n u e o f a ite u d a u ts . T o evirieehiK s e a l fo r re lig io n , h e aocom paiiied tb e pro* cession n f A tocba ; b u t ev eu tb is fav o u rite so lem uity a ttra c te d o n ly a few s tra g g le rs . T be ¡streets p r e sen ted au om iuous a u d lu o u ru fu i &Uenec, in fio ltc ly Qkore im pressive tb a n opposition . T b e p ag ean t m onarch fe lt th e reb u k e , a n d ^euaible o f b is s i tu a tion , a f te r p ro ceed in g a sh o r t d istance , snd ilen ly q a itted tb e proee^Hioii, n o t b av iu ^ th e co u rag e to aceoiiipany i t to B u eu R e tire , an d e x e la im in ^ ^ “ M a d n d is re a lly a d e s e r t- '’* T b e A rchduke w as pro i'la iiucd K in g ; b u t b e sooo d isco v ered tb a t h is p rescu re w as « b u n n ed ; n o th in g being a b le fo over* com e tb e an tlp a tliv w bicli th e p eo p le fe lt tow ards h im an<) w blcb tb ey d id n o t seek to d isguise.

Philij)’s s itu a tio n i)n re a c h in g V aU adolid m ay be easily ro u ce iv ed . N ev ertb e less , w ell a ssu red th a t the co u n try w as w itb h im , a n d n ev er a llo w in g a feeling p a r ta k in g o f d e sp a ir to g a in upon h is sp irits , he dp term inpd th a f , fo r th e p re sen t, th e m ilita ry O perations sb o n ld b e ironAiied to a w a r o f p osts and b a rrass iiig tb e en em y . H is guerrilla« »»nrroundcd

• 9«. P h il jp p e , ToDie 2 , a n d O t t J i , T o m e 7.

e 2

M adrid an d « a rr ie d o ff p rov isions a t th e v e iy g a te s 5 w h ilst V a llt^ o 's cav a lry in te rccp icd tbe com m unica tioos ou a l l u d e s . In vain d id G enera l 8 ta n h o p e an d B a ro n dc V ece l ou t in p u rs u it o f h iu i. U nab le t o w p e wUI« theruj h c c lo d c d th e ir inuvciuents an d ap p ea red o n a u o tb e r p o in t. H e n ea rly to o k th e A rch d u k e p r iso n e r a t Che P ardu , I w o leag u es 1‘ro n i M ad rid , w h ils t th a t PriDOC w aa en joy lo g th e p leasu res u f th c ch ase . T h e p}an h ad beeu arra^g;cd w ith th e k ee p e rs o f th c f o re s t ; bu t one o f th e m , m o re tito id th a n th e r e s t , b e tray ed the sec re t. T o th e se g u e rr il la s P h ilip in th e end m ain ly ow ed h ts cro w n , au d a m o n g th e ir le a d e rs w ere m en w hose name.« i.be S pan ia rd« n ev er m outlo ii b u t in te rm s o f re sp e c t an d ad m ira iio u . T b e moAt d is tin gu ished w ere V a l lq o , ahovcm entioned , an d C ereccda, w ith w hom a i^avala an d a Z u m u laca rrcg u i, o f tb e p re se n t d ay , m ig h t ju e t ly be com pared .

A t V a llad o lid th e eo u rt h ad daiW re p o rts o f w hat w bs p a ss in g ill M ad rid . Appre<’ia t in g tlio re a l cha> r a c ie r u f th e S p an ish p eo p le , w ho, l ik e b ini »elf, n e e d e d .Ih e s tim u lu s o f ad v ers ity lo ro u se th e ir ene i^ t*» , tbougU th e y n e re r desp a ired , P h ilip , speakin g o f h is fu tu re p lan s, ejcpressed h im se lf thus—

^ M y tro o p s o re in d eed w eak , d ispersed , an<l u n d is d p lin e d ; y e t th e y w ill cease to be so. i f the a rm y o f A ragon h a s suffered, t h a t o f E a tra m a d u ra is s till e n tire an d im pro v in g . I am g la d th e E n g lish have le d th e A reh d u k e C h arles to M ad rid . In m y ca(iita l h e w ill learti th e d lspositiou o f m y people, an d w ill see th a t i t is a tirm w ill, an d n o t fore«, w hich re ta in s th em in tb c ir d u tv .” *

* T o rc i» T o m e 3 .— T ktf v e ry m o c w u rrb t o ^ e l i t ih o K in g o f P o rh # * iJ

l u v c u tC c rcd n ltc Q D o n P e t l ro e n t e r a l L i s b o n , i n J a l f , 1 8 3 3 .

lu tlte m ean tiu jc , P h ilip w as n o t id le . H e Itail p ren iiu s ly re jec ted uU m ad e to b iiu o f a com - pctcDt e s tab lish m en t in I ta ly , w hich ha t r e a te d as ati iiii^idiuus lu re t o <laD)p tb e a rd o u r o f th e Spoui- a rd s , aDd despoil b k u o f a k in g d o m w hieb tb e y hu(i p l e d ^ d tiicm selTcs shou ld b e h is .* B esides tlic iosscs fa ilu res a lread y ex p e rieu eed , b e h ad , ab o u t tb e ^ t o e lim e , received n o tice th a t h e could e x p e c t HO fu r th e r re io fo reem eu ts from FVancc. H e even fouud th a t th e A llies b a d o e a r lv fo rced b is g ra n d fa th e r to w ith d raw from h is in te re s ts . 8tim u> Jated to new e x e rtio n s , aud reso lv in g to re tr ie v e his fo rtunes b y th e a id o f th e re so u rces s t i l l rem m u iag , he agalu th re w h im se lf a lm o st upon Che compa&siou o f biu noble« an d peop le . “ T lie en em y ," b e ob- M^rved, “ have to k en false m easu res an d negleeCcd the m<^an« o f im prov ing tb e ir a d v an tag es . I t Is fo r us to p ro fit b y tb e ir e rro rs . W h a t p e rm a n e u t su c cess can t1)ey have w ith o u t «strong p laces , devoid o f m agazines, au d in th e m id st o f a h o stile peop le j w heu besides th e y a re above 9 0 league^« fi’om the source« o f th e i r snppHes- ) f tb e A rch d u k e p roceeds to tb e side o f I'orCugaIr h e m u st aban d o n A rag o n and C a ta lo n ia ; w hereas, i f h e rem ain s in M ailrid , o n e side, o r th o o th e r , o f th e K ing d o m m u s t be le ft uncovered- In 1 /0 6 , o u r position w as m ore c;ritieal^ having tb eu lo s t V a le n c ia a n d th e f ro n tie r p laces uf C atalon ia .'* H e n rg ed fu r th e r s a m f lc e s ; hi« sp ir ite d Q ueen jo in ed in h is re p re se n ta tio n s j a n d both

t The us^rtorr» lOAd« tr> T>>b Ml;nel, tb ro > ^ Bniuh sod SpuU b Himcy, pAKlmlarl; whilst w e r e b u c tl u|fOQ s i u i l a r fd a i jo n e , u i d donhtle«« th e ; w e i« u s w e r a d io t h e n a i e ■pirib

i]«clared tim t, i f drsveti from S pain , tliey ii'onM , w ith th e ir loyal follow er«, e m ig ra te to A n icrlca aii4 estab lish a dom in ion iu M ex ico o r P rm .'*

P lu lip 's a p p e a l w hs n o t m ad e in v a in . S om e of b is le a ^ iu g nubles w e re a lrea iiy read in g th e f la u e o f en th u siasm in th e in te r io r ; b a v iu ^ prev iously p led g ed tbem seW ei to u ia iu ta in thi> uaciuual gU»ry au d iiidcpendeiHse, “ P o s te r ity ,” fiays P h ilip 's co tem p o ra ry b io g rap h e r, **will n e v e r t o adiuix*a th c affeirtion, fo r titu d e ao d iid e lity u f th e peop le of C astile . In s te a d o f sinlcing n n d e r th e m isfo rtunes o f th e ir K i n t h e y w ere a n im a te d b y h is wverseK. T h e y lav ished th e i r p ro p e rty an d lives to r e p a ir hiK (osses> m a in ta lu ed truopn a t th e ir ovru expense , au d m ade rep e iited lev ies to su (iport tb c ir K in g and 4‘u u n try . A ceum uU ted disa2$ters »served o u ly to s tim u la te th e ir z e a l ao d lo y a lty , w h ich b a r s t tv n h w ith such boundless trauspurtM a s womM n o t be believed, i f we d e ta iled th e elfurts m ad e by each d is tr ic t an d each io d lv id u a l / 't

T he A llies w asted aw ay th e ir tim e iu iuae llv ity , w h ils t P h ilip ’s frieuds co llec ted a new a rm y o f25 ,000 m en, w h ich w as d o u e in less th a n ^wo o jon ths. H is s r c a t o b jec t w as, to p re v e n t th e A llied tro o p s in M ad rid fron> fo rm ing a ju n e tio u ir ith th o se o p e ra t-

• T o r c i, ib id .

t St. Ptailippt, T o n e S . IhiB H It i>crf«'ct p id w e nf ( k c d^votl«u iJlj- &nJ th e Mcrificrs oukinj; «t tb it oiAtneui la PunaR il, on bchxlf

o f* wbwu tlic inhabitant* coa^idr^r u thc righifiil o m ifw itt b ^ tbroD», kjid i^e «<}1)a1I)' r»«cu««U bf iorei^nen, siukkius U>

ioff* apon th c a a n o tb o d7«a»ij', in opfotlUva tu their iatcrc«U, U>cir b w 8 , f t o d t h e i r » o k a s d c c l a r a « » « » ? .

\u g (íTí th é side o f P o r tu g a l i an d ac Ih e saioc tim e to m ake strA iig dem oQ strations io C au lo D ia . T he eoiobiiiationa m ad e w ith th e s e t tfo t íc w s w ere a tten d ed w ith 8uw;ess. C ^ n c ra l K oaillti«, a l th e Lead o f yy.OW m en a n d a jiow erfa l t r a in o f arlilWry» advanced a g a in s t G e ro n a , a t a m o m en t w hen the trtiops g u a rd in g tl ic A rehd iike in M adrid w ere ex h au sted b y th c c lim a te , o r th io n c d b y th e iocc&isaiit a i ta tk s o f tb e g u e rilla s . 'H ie P o rtu g u ese troops also re fu sed to r e e n te r S p a in , ao d , Kurr<iundeU w itli dilfi(’u ltic9 , th c A rch d n k e fouud h im belf coinpelled to q u it M ail r id , w hich P h ilip kooq a fterw ard» r e e n te red a o d rece iv ed a m o st cordlui w elcom e.

T he A llies iu th e ir r e t r e a t to o k tl ie ro a d t« G uad a la ja ra , th e ir r e a r p u rsu e d by the S p au la rd s . A t B r ib u eg a th e la t te r cam e \ip w ith CÜUÜ h o rse uudcr Staohope^ who waí< th u s obligcU to a c t o n th e defensive, w liiJst th e n ia io body o f th e A llies, u iider i> to rem b e^ , m oTcd o n in advancc . T h e B ritinh g eu e ra l fortified b is po»ition i a th e hope o f m a k f ta in io g i t till h e recy ired asAislancc b n t n o th io g eould reni^^t th e im p e tu o ^ itf o f th e S p an ia rd s , headed by a M onarch Co w hom th e y w ere eo thusiastica lly a tta ch ed . B efore th e cIom o f th e evcning> S ta u - hope, w hose fo rce w is red u ced to 4500 m eo , was com pelled to cap itu la te , ju s t as S ta re m b c i^ wa¿t coming; up to hi>i a id . ]*erceivinj; th a t h e w as too la te , an d th a t th e w hole Spaoisii a rm y , advan tago - ousiy p o sted , w ere d raw n uj> re a d y to receivc him , th e A u strian co m m an d er h a lte d . V endóm e, P h ilip 's g en e ra l, au x io u s to erow u b is sp lend id en te rp rise ^ i t i i th e to ta l d efea t o f hl& o p p o n en ts , gave th e »igual fu r uu a tta c k . P h ilip h eaded th e r ig h t w ing

o f b is ow n a rm y a jid eharffoii th e enem y. T he A a s tr la n s withstCKnJ th e Rbo<*k, an d , a f te r severe figb ting , br«»kc tb r co lum ns o f tb e ir jjw su crs- T he S pan ish g en e ra ls bom ^ver co lie .te d th e ir (»ffi<'ers and m en , «rboui th e y fu n n e d iHt<* a sm all an<{ comj>act body, w ith w bieh th e y k e p t th e i r g ru n n d u n ti l , re in - fo reem en ts an iv iiiic , th e fo rh in es o f tb e d ay w ere ro tricT cd . N ig h t p u t an enil to th e b a ttle} but, in s tead o f ta k in g re p o se , th e Aui^trians wpiked tb e ir esumun a iid re tre a te d . T bey ev en tua lly rea«'licd B a rc e lo n a w ith '0 0 0 m co- T h e re s u lt o f tb is day securfid V hiU pS«row n, an d V eadom e ju s t ly received tb e t i t le o f “ R e s to re r o f th e S p sn ish M o n arch y .”

A rto r th e A llies h ad fa llen back upou C ata lon ia , P b ilip m a rrh c d lo Z a r a ^ z a ; and , notw ithstaQ ding th e adyanced sesison, h is S pan ish co rp s, a s w eli us th e FVeneb a u x ilia r ie s , e a r r i rd o u th e w a r w ith g re a t ac tiv ity , T lie c-oroplete iib e ra tiu n o l Spain w as a o t y e t ach iev ed : tb e etfcots o f u ea rly (en y e a rs d cvasta tiou w ere severely f e l t j an d th e ro as t b e in g s tili in possession o f th e A llies, th e A rebduhe C h arle s p a rtia lly r e c ru ite d h is s tre n g th , and w as tiiu s eualiled to in a itita iu h is P x p irib g cause a l i tt le lo n g e r. N o tw ith s ta n d in g th e in te rv e n in g dU tance, an d th e a p p a re n tly s e p a ra te in te re s t , th e destin ies o f S p a in seem ed to depend n p o n th e issue o f the co n tc s t iu th e N e th e rlan d s .

T b e close ol' 1710 w as, iiuw cvcr, m a rk e d b y a new sera in K n ^lau il, wlii<;h m a te r ia l I v affected th e altu- a tio n o f E u ru p e , a n d p a r tu u la r iy t i ia t o f Spain. H a r le y , a fte rw ard s L o rd O xford , \vas a d m itted in to th e roiifldenoe o f Q ueen A nne, an d d ie d ir tc t io u o f F ore ign Affiurs e n tru s te d Lo L o rd B o liogb roke . T his

puiilical rb a u g c g:ave a xi^w a spcc t to affairs iu th e Feiiiiisula, a n d c v c n tn a ll j led tu tbe di&solutiou ol* tbe G rand AlliaDce. Iu A pril ( l / U ) "V frtopcs for peace w ere ex(;baagcd , in w h ich , o n Ih c p a r t o f EDglaod, th c question re g a rd in g th e Spaoi«h S u r- eession, w h ich o r ig in a h y gave rise to th e w a r, v a s ditipped.* T h e new m in is te rs w ere convinced by

♦ TTi« fl«» for «fo» *0 l£nfl*nd I>y K .d eT o re i, t i eFrmfh o ifluK r, were April 2 2 , 1 7 1 1 , « tü in iJieir wwdion a»»d

flcchficd nejytiMlOBS with ihc Ootcli. T hef pro- fw«Ni tli i t s wish lA frrmlfiate t1ie « » r and ictrte ibt iranqoBlit) of £«rupe, U|mh foiradsiiAV w si ihvbfiski o( ihc piopuMH Kim*«',•ttonBtitij irt l i t , th a t ib c E ssliih sliooJd hM*erc»i ?c<‘o) W « for cirry- )b | wn tbúp in d e b i8 |A ÍA ; «ndlf, ü iu t naQcieMt b»rvtcr ahoulü be cRObDslifti/ur tlie a m in i ; o f H o lL ad ; &>d ítrdif» tbftt ih« dlipnica te*i«rtünfi ihp Fr«niah MwDiirchy »boald be »«tiled accrmltng toXht iBMr«iia ul' ib n » ene«ged In t)j« w v .

'■ fb e s Q c c c c d ta c J c t i e , M r , P r iw r « » a l e b i t o P a ^ H «ritít t b e

10« c o u f t k r p r v p o i l i io n i ns r r e i r d c J S ^ a la — 1 s t , " t h a t t h c a a l o u o f kb«

»» o C rftW B S o f » a n p c u i d S p a íf t ih rtn W b r p r v w a t e d ; 2adl>’, i h e b a r t i e r

¡‘•r iHe L o w C o n i t r l e i » h o flld h e fO ro iix l, u d G H > r t i ] t» r a n d P o n M th o n

t t o a i n in tH e han d K o f i b c i r p r e a c n t pv«s«s4or^ ,* '

T o t b c e t i h c t 'r v B c h K h )« g a^ e aiíA w cr “ t b a t b e »o w W C i-n sen t to

a l l iM t a a d m c u n a b l c u f t h o d i f o r h i a d t r i u i ; th e C r o m w o f t r a n c e

a n d S p a in f r o n b e i f t s « ^ * r u o l t n l u n d e r ( b e s a m e P r i a c e , t l . M . b e h ie

p e r io a d v d i h i ( s u c h a n e x c e s s o f p o w e r w o a W b t a a c o n s ra j-f l o t b e

f t a e n i l g o o d a a d rcp w sc e f E u r o p e , a s U w *» o i i p « t t e i a i h c W i l l o f

t b c l a t « C a e h o lk K i u ; C b a r l n I I ,”

A tie r s o o ie a 1 tc r< « ( '0n a w lt i t t b e S a i( i :s G e n e r a l , i h ^ a t le a n ih

tb a ( \ I'oBffreA s lO toa ld b c b e l d a t U t r e c h t f o r t h e o c e o r ia i io o wf a

setH .*nl peiicc. T a t t b e r j i i le u n d e rs ia n d io p * a a d d c ia f a o < v u rrc d w i(b

th e D s t r b , « rh ic h ia d u c c d L o r d D o l iü |b r o k e to r e p a i r u> f r a n e e ; a q d

fm t« t h a t t l v e t h e n e e m ja t io n s w e r e a r r l H l o a h f t b e a i in U te r « o f

F/DflajMl M id K ra a c e . ? b U I |r V .’a r e n o a c ia i io n a v t l( i« C rrvw n o f Vran(v>,

u d tboA « o f t h e P m c b P j íb c m , b a r r i n g th e m f ro m t b e S p u i i a b f^»c-

cstaaton , I t a n a g b e e n n ^ re e d l a , Qu^**o A oo e» o n t h e ^ h o f J o s e , 1 7I2>

c o i i ia i ih i c K c d t o r a r l i a u f i i t th « s c a c i a l p r h i c i ; ^ w h k h w e r e ( o }orm

< )k brisút o f t h e iK stcc p r o ^ > e d . T h e t t r n 'e a p p l ie d t o STA in w v i«

cx p e rieo cc , t h a t th e i:onq«cst o f S p a in wn» in i poss ib le ; an il tb a t no e ftb rt could »epurafc T h ilip V. Svom th c Spaniardfl. T b e ir g re a t th erefo rew as, to re n d e r S p a in p e rfe c tly in d ep eu d en t of P n m ec , an d (o secu re tb i» o rd e r o f tliingg by th«

appretd tfion thnt Sptiit ftfld ihe W « i lu l i t s b*u tltcd u> Praacc, w* 6 t l« ch irf iHdacexm i u> l * c ^ this w w ; usui tbc cfectM l prcreo in^ o f lacfc u anion, w u th? pcU)Cl|Jr J Uid dnwo *t tie ctwHDeuccBicii of tbi* treaty > forma cauapi«s. and th« late aKuti—i. sofficicBlI) abcw i.ow dificuU it i» to fiod nwnni lo om\)li*Ci ih ii wufk. t w y d d » o t cuntcnl whb »v± v are

apecalatue, or depend on ere&ika ooJy. 1 io<i«cd on what w « *olid,fcua W h a * ? M b a u d iJ ie p v * rc r 0 / e s t t m t a i g w h a t » b v i l d b c i R r r t d h j .t ran therefore u»w ie |] >ou, th a t Krwice, U la/it, U brouaCir to o * f xitu iLi? y o k e o f A n jo o » h tU , fo rb iio M ir a u d h i» d cB rrad aa t» , r« s o w c e

for ev e r *U cU ito 6u tb » c ro H a o f K j* a c r , d a d th * t i h i i im p o r u a t

a r tic io m*T W c i p o i i d n o I j u r J , th « p i t f o ra ia n e r m w »ccoinpatiy

the pr«Htiise. A t th e M o e fiaie the S a ^ ^ n i o n to U e C ru w o o f Frw vf 1« M def'lared, after th e dc*th of t lie p rc s m t D d a ^ i a a n d lii» »WOK, to be i a Ih c U H ti o f R«rr« a n d b ii *ons, in tbe T>i)ke o f O rloiB » » d Li» a o n i , a a il *o o n to t h r reM o f tb e Hwuae o f U oorhoii.

A s t o .S p d n s f td t h e l o d k « . i h e » s c c e « « lo u t o t h o t e J o w in k iB » ,

after t b c D u iic o f A ajoaaad h l i c b i l d i e a , k ifv r te s c rn d t o s * c b ft fee a j t i a H b e A grtfed a p o s M t h c t f e s l y , f o r e v e r ia;cliidjftf th o r e j t o f th c hoH g« o f K c n rb o n .

t o r c o t tf in n m ir t h c r e t ia jK ia i io r u a n d » M if c o c n f f I t f u r c a ie m iio K c d , 1« li f a r t f l e r o f c r e d , th t r t U iey » h o a ld be r a t if ie d \n t h e »oxt t:ong jw d

s o k m a manner, Ixvth io fxnare a n d & p .in ; a o d iM» t b o a r k iH jO o a s ,

** wc» a s all iJie o t b « power» c o g a je d in U»« p n s c a c u a r , j h a J l b e So&T4Btvt;6 to t h e s a m e .

Thu oaiare o f tb ij prcpo*aJ i» *i»ch, th a t h e&ecutei U s c l f ; t)<e lo- * e r « i o f Spain h to w i w t it j a n d i n F r a o r e , th e p « * o i » 8 w who» th»t ; j u m ; M i o n i^ tf> i > e l o « i , will b« rw d j u i d p .* * ie r f > i i t o o t i g l i w > iedicate their o b rieht.

»faoce aoJ ?p«io are now laon eflKnoally diridcO than ever. And t h t i , byt)>e ble;i»iiicot Uo<t, w iii • reaiU«iaoce o f Pow n be i i a l i)i Eur^'pe, aud remain liable to a» a-w acclicata a« liwio&u aJTvx c « Ik; c u a i |K « d f r o u . ”

inosC so leu io an d bindin:^ eiisagcm cD ts. P ivpara* tiu u s w ere th e re fo re m ad e fo r opeu ing a C ongress o f th e belligcrcD t P o w ers a t U treo lit. W IijIp {ireliiaiu&riea w ere g o in g o n , P h ilip h ad th e nddi- tio o a l sa tisfa rtiiiu ol* b e in g re liev ed fro iu tVe p re - sen«« o f h is rivHl. O n tb e d ea th o f h is b ro th e r , th e A rcbdukc C h arles wan reca lled to G crm atiy an d c k v a te d to tb e Im p eriu l tb ro n e .

C H A P. V.

V h ilip F .’g prf^pcctH to the F rench Succes$io}t— H ^ Hounces ihent f o r the S p u n u h C ro tcn ^F u rm a lU it^ adopted on th n t oc<nuion to ivk ick E u g ln n d y;as a p a r ty — M u iu a l Ile n v n iiu iio n s required a n d ngretd to— M ee tin g o f the Cor it» o f sojietiunP h ilip '^ arrangffrten t f o r peace. H e in trodurei a new L a w o f S u ^ s s i o n — M ode a n d ol^ecta o f thi$tHactmeni— I i the bo iis o f D o n C a r la ' n g h te__The new Jyow o f SucceaHon— In terven tio n o f the C ortes-^F orm s observed in i(s en fw im m t. I t s ob-

je c t— Compoeiiion o f the Corteg.

T b e coufercDCCS a t U tPcchi, « before* no ticed , opeued a t th e b ig ino iD g o f 1 7 1 2 , a a d , t(» avoid irr i- ta t in g discussion«, no raini^UT w as ndm itted from e ith e r o f tb e co iitcn d iu g p a r tie s , as K in g o f Spaiu. 'I 'he 6«paration o f th e tw o C row us w as th e p n u c ip a l cond ition o f tb e p re lim I nu*ies a lread y a g re e d to , an d upOD tb is speciBc b as is Q iiceu AoDe’s raiD isters exj»re«s«d tb e ir i*eadlnesfl to u e ^ t i a t e . A new s ta te o f tb iug^ liow ever u n e x p c rte d ly a ro se in FVauce, w hich led to delays, an d D e a r l y m a rre d d ie p ro jec ts in ag itc tio u fo r th e re s to ra tio n o f peace . J d con- « q u e n c c o f th re e successive d e a th s in th e royal Iw uily , P h ilip w as p laecd in a d c w situ a tio n , s tao d -

ing: n e x t in kuoopssiod to Che c row n o f F ra a c c , ^ c r n sii'k ly m fao t n u t tw o y e a rs » Id ; an d & »enous question th en ce a ro se , as to w h e th e r h e eo u ld a.scend the F ren ch throDC, iu case ¡1 devolved upon h im . Fearful o f sui’h a co n tiu |feu cy , th e B r itis h in inU ters re iju ircd h is tb rm a l rcniioeiaticm o f hU h e re d ita ry r ig h ts in F ra tice , coufirm ed in tb e fu tu re T re a ty under th e g n a ra n te e o f th e coQCracling pow ers.* A fter considcrab ie ob jectioos, L ouU ac i^u le^ed iu tiiU proposal, an d a u n o u n e e d th e proffered a lte ro a tiv e to hU gr& udsou. F b ilip m an fu lly an d a t ouee hU choice, b y deci a r i ag; th a t n o th in g shou ld tem p t hiiu to give u p th c C row n o f S p a in ; ad d in g th a t, io doing th i» , h e follow ed th e p a th w hich appeared to h im m ost couform able to h is o w n g lo ry and the (relf&re o f h is »ubjcets, w h o , b y theii* xea l and a t tachm en t, h ad so essen tia lly c o n tr ib u te d to m aih ta in th a t C row n upou b is b e a d .t

So an x io u s w ere th e B ritish m in is te rs to ^ v e the atroQgest possib le effeet to th e proposed a rra n g e - m ents, th a t th e v ex p ressed & w ish t o have the F rench ac ts o f ren \in i‘ia tio o , w hich w ere to ex ten d to thc D u k e s <le B e n i an d O rleans, sau c tio n ed by the S ta te s G e n e ra l o f F ra n c e , an d tho se o f Philip by th e C ortes o f Spain i a s b e iu g tb e h ig h es t L eg islative A u th o ritie s in th e tw o k ingdom s. Louift evaded th e assem bling o f th e S ta te s (à c o e ra l; b u t tb e S pan ish C o rte s w ere d u ly convened fo r th e express pu rpose o f ta k in g th is m a tte r in to «“o n sid e r- ation, P liilip su b m itted th e p re lim in a rie s ag reed

• O v Iio K b ro k e » O ) r r « i» o i r i c o c c , V o l . l i . p . 2 0 7 .

t I 'o r c l , T © « f 2 .

upon b y lOuglanU aix l F ifincc t4) his Coiai r i I ; ol*- sc rv in g , “ tliu t h is ffrau«lfatfier hai] I>lin top re te r Ihft C row n o f T ra m e t a th a t o f Hpùin -, l>ut th a t tile a rg u m e n ts d id no t outw ct^li liis g r i - t itiid c to the SjiHiiiards, w hose lo y a lty h a d p re sc rre d th e c row n ujion h is h ead . F o r th e ir s a k e / ’ ailded he» “ I w ould p o t o n ly p r« fc r Spftin to a ll the ino iiarch ies o f th e w orJd , bu t w ould r a th e r be r e duced lo th e pMSsebslon o f tUe sm allest p o rtio n «if th is kinexloiii, th a u abam hrn so fa ith fu l a people,l o p ro v e th e tru th o f ^vbat I uow say , as w ell a s n»y ea rn ca t desire th a t th rs Cro«Ti shou ld deaceiid to m y p o s te rity , I d ec la re t i m 1 am w illing to renounce, h o th in n iy ow n p e rso n an d on h e h a lf o f u iy d r- scpndan ts, a ll m y r ig h ts t o th e C row n o f K raiiee, in f r tT O u r o f m y b ro th e r , th e D u k e d e B e rr i an d his lU irsy an d ••t m y nnele , th e D u k e o f O rlean s.” T his deeision being a g re e d to , th o re s u lt w as m ad e know o by a roya l detxee? and L im i Lexington« w ho )n fai’t a r ra n g e d th e fo rm and te rm s o f tbe reiiuociatioRS, proceeded to M ad r id , to be p re s to t a t th e cerem ony, as thi* re jjresen ta tiv e o f E n g lan d .

'nie^B severa l R c n u u ria tio u s , F ren ch an d S panish , w h irh a t tb e tlin e w ere deem ed <.f so m ueh im p o rtance t i ia t th e y w ere em bndied a t fu ll Ic iig fh in th e T re a ty o f U tre r-h t, w ere a rra n g e d p rin e ip a lly th ro u g h th e in te rv en tio n o f L o rd B o lingb roke , w ho w ith th is view proceeded to P a ris , T iiey w ill be f<mnd in the A ppend ix , u n d e r th e le t te r E . , an d a re g iven , as an add itional p ro o f o f th e so lem nities an d fiirm aii- tie s w ith w hich th e se ttle m e n t o f th e pe<icc o f Eu* ra p e w as, a t tb e p e rio d a llu d ed to , crtceted, to w a id s th e m a in ten an ce w hicii th e S[ianish

King;, as w ell as th e S pan ish P eo p le , uiHpieHtiojiKbly (contributed tlic ir best codeavours.

O n th c 5 th o f N ovem ber (1712) P b ilip V . si^ued aud few'orc to b is R cQ unciation o f th e F rcn ch C row n, in a fn ll C ounvil o f S ta te , th e DritisU E u v o y being; p re sca t. In th c afternoou h e p roeccdcd to th c H ali of the C drtes, accoQ ipaaied by tb e P re ^ d e n t o f tbc CoQQcil o f C astile , as w ell as th c m em bers o f his Council o f S ta te , a n d a f te r laying; before th c n^sciii- bleil R cprcsen tatiT es o f th e S pan ish N ation hib solem n RenuQciatlou o f ev e ry r lg b t , t i t le , nud advan tage , which had , o r m ig h t, devolve u p o n h im by his b irth , b e requ ired th e m to saucclon i t by u special l<aw, enacted an d passed in ( 'o r te s , w h ich w as done by the aeeep tauce o f tb e form a n d te rm s in w hich “ fu r him self, h is h e irs an d bin successors, ho fo r ev er renounced, re lin q u ish ed , au d q u itte d claim to , all p r e t e n s i o n r i g h t s , an d ti t le s w hich h e , o r an y o f h is p o s te r l t) b a d , o r m ig h t h av e , a t th is tim e , o r b e rea llc r, to iht* Su<;ces^iuu o f the C row n o f Fr-anvc." This ac t fu r th e r se ts fo r th th a t , “ o n e o f I h c ch ief in ten tions o f th e 'lY eatles o f pcacc , pend ing betw een the CrowLs o f Sixain, F ra n c e , au d E o g la n d , bciug tbe p reserva tion o f th e B a lan cc o f P o w er in E u rope , in such m an n e r tb a t to o m auy b e in g u n ited to ge th er, th is desired B alaoce a n d E q u a lity m a y no t

lost, to th e ad v an tag e o f o n e o f th e m , an d to the peril a iid c n d a o g e r iD g o f th e r e s t , i t w as proposed and iu iig ied upon b y ED gland, au d ag reed to o n my p a rt, an d o n th a t o f th e K in g m y g ran d fa th e r, th a t to avoid, in a ll fu tu re tim es, th e union o f th is M o- uarcliy w ith th a t o f F ra n c e , an d th a t i t m a y no t

happen in m y ease , n^ciprocal reoUhcÍQlÍoní< sh o jk lb e m ad e ou m y p a i t , ” ¡kr.

T o th e se m u tua] reQUoeiatloTis tb e H ritisb fio- vern ro eo t w vrc ih u s p rirtle» ; th e a c t o f P h ilip V. hvlDg; witnc$sc<l by l ^ r d L cx lii^ to n , n n d th o se of th e F reo eh P rin ecs , b y Ib e D u k e o f S brcw ^bury And M r. P r io r , as Q ueen A n n e’s n iia is te rs . U n d e r Ibeir im m ed ia te ausp it«» th e T re a ty o f U tre e h t w m also ci»ucludcd, a n d e?e ry stip n ln tiu n ag reed upon b y Spain la r i ie d in to fu ll c fie rt. T h c coiuiurrcQ ce o f the S paniard» w as lei fa<i; m o st c o rd ia l; tb ey h av in g a d e e p t r in tcrei-t t f ia n an y o th e r p a r ty in p rc sc rv iii | tb e C r o w ’ll tu P h ilip , a n d g u a rd in g a g a in s t a ll fu tu re depwndenc7 upon P ran ce . N oth ijitf w u id b e m ore fo rm al a u d so lem n (b an th c m ee tin g o f tb e Spanish f o r t e s fo r th c ra iifi< alion o f th c ai-ts aboye m en tio n ed .* T he Deputie»»» sp ec ia lly convened a n d

* An ■oistiiH o f ibc c ^ eiDoay î i e î« ^ by thf1q ■ I r a r r » M ndiaif M-întenoD, dau;d No^pober 6, 1 7 IÎ»

IUI<] tA th)R

“ Yc»u wül leai'B ftvjo D4 . dp Bi>Duac, w h it h# w ita irtcd ytaturd*?, to il il ni.'cOksi {hr mp (o enter inio • 1 will ouly » y , tb&t )•ihp momijig, ihe m d his reouociMinB oT tbe l'rincb cniivo, nith •I l tb« c1a i)« s «vhkii wçrc required, sS^ncd il, tn d Swlereol; s v a r ta iDtiatftiB il, eaHi&{ ük wiue*s«« thc chip& uf M r hoDseliold uad ib« Cuonscllur» o f StAU, In ihp Kfteruoun, ull th e F!»utei o f the kloxdo« asseiabled )n a rapMÎoua «ad bandeojuc Mpanisent, which wa« âll«^ » h h « roocuucse wf well-drc«icd perdons, sod iboagh lar^,w ithnutcoit* fii'ion. ITie k in ; bes«a by a ili«coiir*e »kliicb he delUer«l pMfetrti; we)), and wleb which tb« »boic aMcmhl} « v «ati«hed ; fur i f I ilun* kiQ bctB M, vou)d ))0i have leMed un o y Afpmtatio».ll te a A papcr « u j rvad c o aa in iae a lOBger deu il o<' ibc raiAm» for wbicb ib e Uag had OAMoilled th r Kstaces, »ud o t tb e condition» setürd bep***«* Fmace aod E n i lu d , fbr thc ropct«,siun e f pcarp, Afterwirds, a ricp«ty o ftb c town of Bkr{0» »pokc in the nuaie uf thc »hotr kioiç*

SI

fully empoworf^J» asscm blcii, n o t o n ly wUh a view U* beiicQt th e ir ow n uo in itry an d in e e t tb c K io g ’s w iih es , b u t »Iso to co n trib u te t o th c g cn ertd parifi- ca tion o f E u ro p e , th e only serions obstac le to w hich , fo r m auy y c» rs , b a d b een th e RetSlemeot o f tbc S pan ish Sudêsîou) an d w ith th e san c tio n o f the C ortes and u n d e r a l l tb e C oustU utional fo rm s, t h « m a tte r was finally c loscd , t o th e sa tisfac tio n o f a ll partif!4.

PbU ip V ., w hose iatcrcglB an d view s h a d ceascdt o e x te n d b ey o n d t h e P y re n e e s , a n d w h o se iu cU u a-tions « 'c rc f a r from lead in g h im to iiacrifice hifl adi»ptcd co u n try t o th e am bition o f F ra n c e , fe lt desirous o f c a rry in g th e arnm |?cm eut9 m ad e fo r p e r- m au en t traD<|ttiUlty « till fu r th e r , an d reso lved b y ii4- d itio u a l p recau tion« , to g u a rd ag a io a t a con tingency w hieh hod emUroUed n ea rly a ll tb c E u ro p e a n n a tio n s an d sp read deso lation o v er b is ow n k iugdon i. F o r thiH pu rpose , an d a f te r m a tu re d e lib e ra tio n , h e p ro - ceed e iito a l ie r th c L n w o f SuecessioD, as i t o rig in a lly s tood , ccm sideriiig tb a t i t b a d b een th c p rin c ip a l

A<m. and ¡oiAt tKe Kia« » graiitoJet h e » « rr if ie e tu nlikb h e n ib m U t f d frw tti a l o r e o f hS>

I r q w thM Lord doei ant gndw iiaad 8p»ni>h» \a t n u i» ) a i ) o n wÛ n n t d u j w t l c e t n iJ t is e p e e c b .

•• 1 1 k K in a tc s w i l l o )r tB » n * « s U l i u i im o jc d iM e lf w '» » o »

t k e R l d i ’* renw 3c1ail»m , a n d t h * t w h ic h 8» » b # o a J e h ? t b r F r e n d i

p ri* f* R , T h e r e le K Q fiicicet im U « r f m r t f l e c t l o n u i i » ix h a w b i « » ; h o t

1 IWYt a l r e a d y in d a lg c d l o j s e l f to o far. I a d d , h o # e \< e r , i*iM i h e K in «

b o p a s tL )» w i l l c o n i r lh o i# t o h « W n th « w p w e o f R a r o p « , a n d p a r i k n -

la i ly o f F r a n » , » n d o f t b c K in g , W * i r * i i d f e t h ? r , w h W h h « «o a r d o i J y

d ^ i lrc * . S m w h a t h e lu K « « f « r t h i s o h ) « t . " N o r i lk « ,

To»<4,r

cause o f th e m an y ca lam itie s w liich , to r a long se rie s o f y e a rs , h a d b efa llen S p a in . T o th e ex is tence o f th a t L aw h e h im se lf chiefly «w ed h is c lc- vatloD to th e SpaoLah th ro n e , in r ig h t o f h is g ra n d m o th e r ; h u t h e fe lt th e n ecess ity o f a ro id in g a s im ila r cjontingency, h a r in g h a d so m ajiy opportu« u itie s o f d ep lo rin g its accom panying ili^Hi^ters. H e hesu les Aaiv t h a t th is w aa th e b e s t m ean s n f com* p le tm g h is a rra u g e m en ts w ith th e Alli(^'4, und ¿«econd* in g th e ir w ishes, aa w ell th o se o f th e S pan ish n a tio n .

T lie P rcgeti; o f a new Law' o f S itccession w as th e re fo re Fuhm ltitid to th e C onneils o f S la te and C astile , an d m ^t w ith th e ir unan im ous ro n t'u rre n e c . H av in g ta k e n th is s tep , and th e D ep u tie s to th e C o rtes b e in g «till in M ad rid , P h ilip «directed Rpceial le tte rs to h e addresi>ed to each ¡iriv ileged H ty aud tow n , en jo ltilug th em to send up to th e ir de lega tes “ fu ll an d snfficient pow ers to ciouler an d delib«rate >ipou th is sn h jec t,” as ap p ears from th e A u lo A co r- dado, o r S ta tu te , o f M ay 1 0 ,1 7 1 ^ , o f w hich a lite ra l tra n s la tio n w ill b e found in th e A ppend ix F . 'I'his L aw w h ii'h , as a lread y .«liewn,eo\dd n o t b e ab ro g a ted by th e e x tra n e o u s p roceed ings o f the C o rtes o f

w-as en ac ted , a#i th e w o rd in g c lea rly proves, w ith a ll th e due so len in lties a n d co n s titu tio n a l form s, a n d is th e re fo re s till in fu ll force. I t fo rm s th e basis o f th e r ig h ts o f D o n C arlo s to th e th r o n e ; a n d its p ro v isions c a n n o t n o w be su b v erted , w ith o u t m an ife s t inju}itic;e to th e ind iv idual w ho t lalm s th e ir b en e f i t ; n o r i ts c n ac im cn ts changed , u u less by meanjt equ a lly as leg a l an d so lem n aa th o se by w hich it becam e b in d in g u p o n th e n a tio n an d ha» so con> i:inued fo r m o re th a n 120 y ears .

I1 i€ p ream ble ilcclarcs th a t i t w as « n ac tcd fi*om tDOCivcs o f exped iency> «nd to prouiO tc th e g e a e ra l in te i^ s ts o f th e «'Oijulf)' ■, i t s ev iden t o b jec t b e in g to ubviate tb e possiU ilitv o f a F re n c h P r io e c a g a in snc- eeed iijf to tb e C row n o f S p ^ n , fo r w h ich tiie es- t«b lishm ent o f a rig id ag n a tio n in th e m ode o f in h eritance w as deem ed tlie b e s t p reven tive . T liere is no th in g tu »bew tb a t tiie new Law' w as p assed a t tb e so lic ila lio r , o r sugg estio n o f a n y fo re ign pow er, no tw itlis tan d iu g th e re c ip ro ca l R enuueia tlone w ere orig inally o b ta in ed b y HMch m ean s { b u t ju d g in g from th e o th e r p recau tio n s observed in a l l th e n e go tia tio n s w h ich eudcd in th e p eace o f U trc c h t, it h preiium able th a t a ti a c t, in ten d ed to p u t a se a l to Ibem , m u st h av e o je t w ith th e e n tire a p p ro b a tio n o f Q ueen A nne’s m in istern . T h e L aw itBclf, as i t s tan d s, coQtaiiis a re c o rd o f th e fo rm s u n d e r wjnc^li i t was enacted , as w ell as a sum niary o f th e re a w n s w hich led to i ts p ro m u lg a tio n . T h e e n ro lm e n t m oreover, p re sen ts a lu o s t s tr ik in g c o n tra s t to th e inf:»rm al an d frau d u len t p ro ceed in g s, u n d e rtak en in l /8 i) , an d re - peateO in 1832 an d 3 , fo r th e p u rp o se o f re p e a lin g it.

P h ilip V .’s S ta tu te w as u o t fram ed , a s i ts objec t and te n o n r el e a rly d em o n stra te , fo r th e estab lish m en t o f tb e S a liq u e T.aw in Spain ; b u t fo r th e in tro duction o f a p a r t ic u la r R u le o f S u o o s io n , su ited to lo caliiies, circarostaD ces an d tim e* \ w h ereb y the possib ility o f th e C row n dcT olring upon a fem ale, o r h e r H e irs , is rem o v ed as fa r as h u m an fo resigh t c:ou\d con triv e .* In th is p re c a u tio n th e L e g is la to r

• M . Hchfpl l a b is C o u r t J ’ / l i i t a i r e d e t E ia f $ T o tne 31 .

i> )6 3 , L v *«7 fuU r ih i; f ib f t t d iffe tr iic f betvvecn th e a e w u « a »

o f S e c c tu lo n , IntrcKtaccd b y tIsU ip V ., 4 a d th e .SfiHqge Law .

P 2

doub tless b a d In ? icw tb e i D t c n n a r r i a g c s l ik p ly to fa k e p lacc be tw ee u tb o m e tobera o f the B ourbon F ao jiiy , one o f w h k h >iad provi^d so fa ta l to tlie p eace o f K urope > a n d th e new o rd c fj iJjefeby lo tpo- duced, m u st a c tn a lly have b een h eb i in tb e J jg h t o f a tr iu m p h b y th o se w ho w ere a t th e tim e enj^aged ia th e n effotiatioti s fo r p e a re . E v e ry t h in g con sidered , i t w a s tb « w isest an d m o s t p ro v id en t L aw ev<^r p assed , a fi%cC o f w h ich tb e S p an ia rd s o f tb a t day seem ed sensib le . T h e y fo rc ib ly fe lt it« t-xpedkncy , iiu c e i t w a s enac ted w hen th e i r c i t i « w ere s till in ru in s an d d ev asfa linu r.íovcred a w ide su rface o f th e ir lan d . I t w as ft b a lm p o u red npon th e wound« n f th e ir couutpy. I t w as besides w ished tt* r<*medy th e d e tec ts o f K c u u n d a tio u s , t) ie inefficacy o f w hich h ad been so lo u d ly co inp la iued o f ; an d a lth o u g h the new riiJe v a ried tb e o rd e r o f S uccession , as p re v io u sly estab lisbed , an d o p e ra ted to ih e detriroenc o f te raa les , w iu e o f w hoT ahad d istiogu isbed them selves upon th e Spanisb th ro n e , th e m ost su b s tan tia l re a - so n s o f S ta te w e re assig n ed f o r th e a lte ra tio n . I f th e re fo re th e se rea so n s have rc a se d to ex is t, o r i f it shou ld n o w bc th o u g h t ad v isab le to re c u r to the o id L aw , w hich from its v o r d in g appi-ars w holly o liso lete an d ou t o f cbarar t e r (M d e A p jiend ix E .) , th e seoso o f ih e n a tio n o u g h t p rev iously to have been tak en upou th e subje<it. I t never wiU ap p ear e red iiu b le to th o se w h o e n ^ i f e d io th e p lo t to defeat th e p ro v isions o f tl ie n e w J ^ w , th a t tb ey shou ld Imve reso rted to su rrep titio u s it>eans, an d , bv a <;abi- n e t f ra u d , en d eav o u red to su b v e rt a oonsritu tional a«'t o f th e S p an ish L eg is la tu re , pasi.ed in th e face oi a ll T iirope

So

T h e v a lid ity o f P h ilip ’s L aw w as tiever iûestivued. ){uricd in obliviuD, o r m ix ed ^ 'i th tab le , as m any uf th e rccu rd e uonnectttd » i tb tb e e a r ly H is to ry of Spaiu doub llcss a re , wo h av e n cv crthe les» »ûflicicut before us tu shew th a t tb e I 'o iupositio ii o f th c Corce& o f 1 7 1 2 an d V6, w as as com plete as i t po ssib ly conid b e ; an d Ib a t (h e iu tervcD tion , o r uQ tliority , tb cn used by clieui wh» n o t uiiti^pplied. V ag u e and dis- ju in trd ixs th o se C h ro n k lc s a r e in w h ich th e an u aid o f A ragou an d C astile a re p re se rv ed , i t is ev ident tb a t th e fiindam entu l p r io d p ic o f b o th ntonarciiieit w as th a t th e K iogs eo id d u o t, iu m a tte rs o f v ita l iu p o rtu n e c , ex e rc ise p ow er u t th e ir so!e djs<;r«ti(»(i and w ith o u t th e advice au d m u êu t o f o th e rs . T h a t th ey w ere , in all qu estions o f a liijhpi* o rd e r an d im m ediately re la tin g to tl ie g e n e ra l w elfare o f tlie ir subjects, b tm n d tu con s a lt w ith tb e i r k ingdom , tbroug;h th e m edium o f i ts rc p re se o ta tiv e s , is a m axim in te n ro v e n w ith th e w ho le schcm e an d fabric o f th c go v ern m en ts tb u o d ed on (b e l^ g is ia t io a o f tb e \l» igu tb»«; a tid o f tb e ju s tic e an d p ro p r ie ty o f th is m ax im P h ilip V . se t a n o b le ex am p le— an ex am ple w h ich , beyond a il d o u b t, h is law ful suct'essor C harles V . w o u ld e re th in h av e fo llow ed, h a d i t becu tu hi>i puwei*.

A lthough h e re d ita ry Sucecssion h as lu n g been «Ôiiaidered a s a fiiud a iu en ta l law o f tb e S pan ish rea lm s, n u m ero u s v es tig es o f th c uiHginal elective eoiistituU ou a re uevertheli^.'^s p rese rv ed . In th c best tim es o f tb « m o n arch y , i t w as uniâestioim bly tiie ru le Hud p m c tic e t<>r th c S p ao ish k in g s to govern w h h th e advice o f tho se o f th e ir sub jec ts w h o bad s ta tio n , w ea lth , an d influence 1 0 th e S ta te ; b u t it

was Dot t i l l to w ard s tlip c lo se o f th e 12th ccuticry (h a t th e Procuradcrrf^y o r D e p u tie s from p a rtic u la r C ities an d T u w o s, fo rm ed p a r t o f th e N a tio n a l Coud* c il. F ro m th a t p e rio d th e y h av e howiiv’e r UeeD co n su lted , o n su ch cases o f em erg en cy as th e sovere ign thoug;ht f i t ; a o d w ith th e i r «ani^tion, p r rc c d c d by th e op in ions o f th e S u p rca ie Coîncile o f StaCc, lua- ttT ia l a lte ra tio n s h av e b een in tro d u ced in to tlic o r i^ n a l form o f g o rc rn n je o t. In dubious cases re* g a rd in g th e m in o rity o f th e so v c rc isn , regencies, an d m ore p a r t ic u la r ly th e succession , i t has been usu a l to con Ten c them .

T h is th e FouH der o f th e B o u rb o n d y n astv d id , by th e advice o f liis tw o R reat Coiin<nls, a s th e fita tiite rec ite s , “ f o r th e g re a te r v u lid lty au d f irm n e ss , as w ell as th e univertâl a ccep tan ce o f th e new R eg u la tio n i” a n d althoug’h a s tr ic t lin ea l Successioo had , in th e course o f tim e , bccom c th e C o n stitu tio n o f S pain , th e re w as n o th iu g to p rev en t th e In s titu to r , o r G fnarfíha o f a new F am ily , from m odify ing a g e n e ra l ru le , p artitru la rly w hen h is avow ed oUje<^t w as th e g en e ra l good, a n d p ro T id cd h e to o k c a re to observe a ll th e Icjâl a n d co n s titu tio n a l fo rm s. H is m otjyes have been a lre a d y exp la in ed . T h e new Law estab lish es a p referen ce o f m ules to fem ales, in all |K)ftsible c a w s j it b e in g th e w ish o f th e L e g is la to r th a t a rig id ag n a tio n sh o u ld be observed in the cession, b y w h ich m e a n a th e re g u l a u th o rity becom es vested p len o Jn re , a n ¿ to i ts fu lle s t e x te n t , Í D the n e x t successor desig n a ted : so t h a t th e k in g ly pow er n ev er d ies in S pain au y jn o rc th a n i t docs in F rance , 'v h e re tht* agmatio, o r m ale lin e a l sucresnion p re - v a ils ; o r in E n g lan d , w h e re th e co g n a tic , o r m ale

an d fem ale lin e a l »luy^aflioQ is cstab ii^bcd b y lo^'> H y th e S ta tu te o f PbU ip V ., i f n o m a le could be bad , a fem ale w as to iD b erit, an d in case u e itb c r, dcseendiiiic from th e o rig in a l stock , t^ u ld b e fouDd, tb e Cpowd w as to pa«s to th e H o u se o f S avoy .* In thc sam e S ta tu te i t is fo r tb e r dec la red th a t a l l law s an d custom s, c o n tra ry lo th is new ru le , a re a b ro ga ted afld eaneeU ed. T b b L aw o f 1713. fo r re g u - la tio g th e S uceessiou o f th e S pan ish M o n arch y , is in se rted Id th e N a tio u a l Code^ ca lled th e Nov%*s%rna lU ccpiiacioa, in ezaetSy tb « gam e fo rm m i t appeartj in tb e A ppend ix F . ; ab d , o s b efo re s ta te d , bos con- se ijuen tly b eeu in fo ree fo r up w ard s o f 130 y ears , an d h e ld , d u rin g th a t tim e , a s a fu n d a iu eu ta i L a w

o f the land .

* TbW c L o k t s iro B g lj ' io d k s t c s t h a t t l i e D r l t i i h C A binci w e r e con*

3 d l t ^ o n t h e e u m r e c n t o f t h i s s e w L a w , A f te r cx p c m * n (;lo g u B eX '

d iS c n i t t c s i n t h e o e ;o tia tV )R * for p » s c c , a n d m u rrJ e r t o i t n e d y

th e B l» c h k & w h ic h t o f lo w f r u u t t e i i la p o U t w c o n c e S '

s io n » , Q u e « n A o n c 'd t a in l i r w n f o u o d Ic B ccv saary t o n l i e a n e w p o w e r

tB I B ] ; , u a m v n t ^ 'p o i s c t o t b e H u u » e o f B oo rlM B a n d , <m i b c n r -

r e n d c r o f L h jn b lrb , b r o u g h t Torw itrd a K r k s o f d e u a i i d s )n fA 'O ur o f

t b e D u k e o f S a v o y , f o r w h o m th « y rv q « ir« 4 a b a r r i e r o n tb « u d e o f

t l i e A lp « , u t w cU M t b e eveycnak 9 v c c « » iio B t o t b e C r u w a o f S p a in ,

a f t e r t b e e i t l o c t i o h » f P hW p*« i u u e . C o x e 'j I k w & O B i, C h a p . x z .

C H A P . V I .

A ckn o ic itd g m en i o f tite H fa n ia I s n M E n g land— K in g 's Speech owrf deAaie upon ii— }Carl

opinion o f the n i t tm p t to c h a n g t th i L a w o f Sucve:uiini in Spa in— h Arroneotu— FfTtU nam eso rra n g em tn t opposed to the emcient C onstitution__-I t s fo m ts . H o w sovereigHs vio’f. a n d tn i ly e leetei__Cortex «ijrf tk * ir in le r v tn t io i^ ^ A n c i tu t fA g iila tio n o f S p a in — L a s S it tc P artida*— A lo n z o th ^ fF is^~ - H ia character b y S p a n ifh I l is to r ia m — IH jt code incontpatibl^ w ith th4 atquirem enia o f the p re sm t <iS»— P h ilip V . im proved the le g is la t io n o f S p a in . Q iuen C hristina causes a p a m p h U t to be w r itte n to defend ihe ehange in the L a w o f S ttc c tis s iw ^ 'jy ,is p a m p h le t r e t i e d — I t s e r r o n p o in ted ou t— A ruleo f StKceesiOn is a p a r i o f in te rn a tio n a i law __B x -am pU s falsen f r o m fhe ancien t Cortes. N o t convened hecauie F erd in a n d rou U n o t trva i thetn.

O s th e 13th o f Ju ly» 1713, Ib e T re a ty o f U trc fh t w as concl«d«M3, “ a l ic r a m o^t g r i c v o u i ? w a r , w b k h fu r so m an y y e a rs b a il la id d^'solate a litjost the w hole C hristiau w o rld , w ith b lood an d « la u g h te r .''* B y v irtu e u f tb is m cm orab lo T re a ty , P b ilip V . w as

* V ide P iw io b le w ttjc T re a ty , w ),tch , i a i ; « , w as r e a e w f J l y A r i k k I I . o f Lbai o f V e n tu l ie » .

avknAwlcd^ed K in g oi' S p a in , au d Iub RenuiiciaiioBs o f ih € tV cu d i C row n, aa w ell a« bia declariifloD iu fttf o u r o f th e H o u se o f 8 iivoy , w ere ih e re io reuew ed . The L aw o f I 'h illp V ., ev iden tly fram ed lo ^ v e for(;e an6 efficacy to tb e BcnQnciactoiis, an d p a rse d o n the preTioufi 13lh o f M ay , m ay th e re fo re b e «iOHsidered as p a r t o f th e g enera l a rra n g e m eu t, an d coDse- qaeiitly is stiU b itid iug o u th e c o u ira e tin g p a rtie s . A g eu e ra l se tllem eD t f o r th e pacifica tion o f E u ro p e was th e» a g re e d to , a s so lem n, an d eq ua lly ag com - prehcDsive in i t i view», a s th a t o f 1 8 U ? au d u o p a r t « f m p rov isions can now b e a lte re d , w ith o u t affeet- lug the w hole. T h e T re a ty w as u eg o tia ied Ih io u g k th e iru iuediate ageuey o f E u g la a d , foi* p e rm an en t wbjeeU«, in w h irh sh e fe it Ib e d eep est in te re s t} an d wbeu a t ihe o p e n iu s o f th e p re se n t V arlifim ent (Feb. 4 ,1 8 3 4 ) o a r M o at G rocioua S overe ign , iu h is apevch fro m tb e th ro n e , w as in d u ced to say tlia t, “ Upou th e d e a th o f th e K ing o f S pain , (m eftning Ferd inand V l l . ) h e d id n o t h e s ita te to re c o g n ise th e succession o f h is in fa u t d a u g h te r ,”— h e n o t only d iu e d a blow a t Q ueeu A n n e’b T re a ty , ren ew ed by b is ow u fV tb e r, b n t a iso san c tio n ed the A r r a n t v io lation o f a p nh lie law , tb e e n a c lta e n t o f w hich eost th is c o n iitry th e m ost en o n tio u s sacrifices.

In th e d e b a te w h ich aroae o n t tb e dlscussiiius OD tb e A ddress, E a r l G rey observed th a t “ tb e a r- raQRem ebt m ade io r tb e Q neen to in h e r it , w as founded upon tb e an c ien t C o n stiln tio u o f th e country add ing , tb a t “ she w as n o w sovere ign de /a d o an d lie Ju re , an d tiie reco g n itio n o f h e r r ig h ts by EngW nd gave h e r th a t xnoral in fluence, w hich i t w as tit »he Miiould iio ld in h e r ow n co u n try au d In £ u -

ro p e .” T h e “ a r ra o g e m c u f ' U«re a lluded to fu r the <û€en to iu h e r it , consisted o f tb e P ra g m a tic S anc- tîoD o f M arch 2 9 th , 1830, w h ich p re ten d ed to coru- p íe te tb e im pcrfcct w o rk o f th c Corte.4 u f I “8 9 ; and could a n j iu i i tc r o f th c B r it is h C row n a s s e r t th a t th i» arranffentenf w as valî«î, o r founded u po ji the an c ico t iônstitu tioa o f S p a iu >

T h e so le ol^ccC o f th e “ arraii|fenicDC,” so acceptab le to ti ie B ritish g o v ern m en t th a t i t d id no t give rise to tb e sm a lle s t hesiiation, w as to secu re the CruwD to (ûeen C hria tlna’s d au g h te r , to th e ex clusion o f th e m a le Sncce^w r» desig n a ted b y L aw ; a u d w ith th is view K in g F e rd in a n d V I I . , io his M'vak m om en ts, w as induced to issue h is P ra g m a tic S an c tio n to an a b o rtiv e m easu re , n e v e r com pleted , o r c a rr ie d in to effeet, th e w r y fraudu o f wbi«h had la in d u rm a a t fo r 41 y ears . F o r such an a « o f jçroRS decep tion i t becam e necessary tu g ive «orne excuse, an d to aU egc som e p lea , 'f h e ex p ed ien t re so r te d io b y Fl«ridabJan(ia, iu 1789, wa.<. acco rd in g ly revived, an d th e S pan ish peop ie w ere to h l, th a t i t h ad be- iiume ex p ed ien t to re s to re “ th e re g u la r m ethod , e s tab lish ed by th e L aw s ..f th e K ealm an d iu iinem o- n a l cu stom , in the Succession to th c Crow n o f Spain (raeau ing fo r fem ales to in h e r it) , th c observance w hereo f h ad liro u g h t im m ense beoeftte upon the itoun try , fo r m ore th a n 7 0 0 y e m î.”

I t w ould be difficult to say from w h a t tb e B ritish n n n is te r d rew h is eooiUuRions, th a t tb e P ra g m a tic Saiu^tiun o f M a rc h 2 9 tb , J830 , (v ide A ppend ix A.) Rufliced to abulisli a p e rm a n e n t L aw ? o r th a t the « rran g em en f wi>.hcd by F e rd in a n d V II. «-as “ founded upu» th e a n c ie n t con stitu tio n u f th e u o u n trv ,” T lic

fictioDS an d ilcfccts o f th e P r a ^ a t i c S an c tio n Iiave a lread y been n o tic e d ; am ) i t i»« » t r a n ^ th a t, o f all men> E a r l G rey shou ld b e th e o n e to suppose th a t the la te K in g pos«ei!sed a po w er, so unU m ilcd, os to be ab le , b y th e tup re d a sh o f h is p e a , to a b ro g a te au d an n u l a S ta tu te , enac tcd a t a g eu i'ra l settle* m ent o f the p eace o f E u ro p e , o ile r a te n years w ar, and , io o rd e r to p lace i ts Talid ity beyoud doub t, parsed w ith a ll th e fo rm s an d so lem nitie« w h ich thc HDcient, afl wel! a s th e m o d eru C o n stitu tio n of Spain prcs<TiUeH, a s fa r a t le a s t a s th o se fo rm s an il Bolcmnities a re asi;ertaiueA a n d m o d e ru ly p ra e tu c d .

A llusion h as a lread y been m ad e to th e doubt»^ and unecrta iu tics wiiiijli i>tiU p re v a il I'cspceting th c an - eicn t L egixlaiion and U sages o f S p a io ; au d m ost osHiiredly, fo r tJie p o in ts u n d e r co rs id e ra tirm , a ilctailed re fe ren ce to th e a u th o rity o f c i th e r M ario a , o r S em pcre, w ill n o t b e necessary . U n d e r th c G o ths, tlie go v ero u ten ts o f S p a in w ere elec tive monar<’hies, (perhaps o f all o th e rs th c w o rs t fo r a tiirb u lc n t people) th e r ig h t o f e lec tu m b e in g r e s te d in th e C le ^ y an d N ob les, to w hose (;hoi<« th e m u ltitu d e gave absent b y acclamati&n, th c te rm , iu c o u n te r- d isiian tion to procU im alion, s t i l l used b o th in Sjitdn uud P o rtu g a l, to d en o te th c A ccessioa o f a M onarch . T be new ly e lec ted S ovcrcigu u su a lly r*oiivencd th e N atlo iia t C ouncil, varioxisly con jposed , in o rd e r to iiave h is r ig h t fo rm ally a c k n o w le d g e d ; an d th e n ea re r th is ru le is app ro ach ed , th e v lo ser is th c observance o f tb e an c ien t C o n stitu tio n o f Spain. A lthough , h o w ev er, th e severa l xoonarchic? w ere elcdHve, thc r ig h t n cvcrtlie less be longed to a p a r tic u la r fa u iily ; b u t i f the ro y a \ Tine bceam c e x tin c t,

o r a iiy doubU »fOM icjyardiag: th e Bucce?i#i0 ii, tk c case w as re tc r re d to th e M u g n u te i, o r Ifei^ds o f the rea lto - H euue A lonzo I . w as ra ise d to tb e tl»rvne, aif uu iverto p(tpu lo (io thortfm , a iid A lonzo U . eboseu K liig , totiu4 regrtf M agH atorum c u iu sum m o rftm consce»9u e t/n v o re .

V ario u s c h a n t s an d modlficatioDS suecessively fo lio we i]; b u t, as h m o d ern t r a v e lle r v e ry ju s ily re m a rk s , “ th e C o rtes o f S pain , U Qqoestiouably th e o n ly ra n ip a r t c ap a b le o f resii^iiR^ th e iu ro ad s of despotism , h av e , fu r a ^ re a t len g th o f tU oe, been a ssem bled m ere ly aa a m a tte r o f f o n u j 5ind tbe KjugH o f SfHiiu, w ith o u t re so r tin g to violeQC m easu re s , o r eveu p u s it irc iy re jec tin g th e ir io tc rve iitiou , have suectteded iu e lu d in g i t . T b e y how ever Btill r e u d e r th em a k in d o f Irouivai hom age, w hen tb ey p ru m u lg a te from tliu ch iooe c e r ta in ordiuaueeA, ca lled PrngiHuHeas, th e title s ot* w h ich im p o rt, th a t th e y sliall h av e tb e sam e force as i f pu b lish ed in C o rtes .’'« A n d w ith th is iron icn l hom ugc w as tho m in is te r o f a B r it is h m v u areb satisfii'd , i u tb e y ear 1B33, w tien b is ow n co u n try w as a p a r ty to th e very ru le o f SueeeasioQ w h ich i t w as w ished to subvert, mci*cly Lo p ro m o te a camartlla in tr ig u e }

“ T h e C o rtes a r e now no lo n g e r assem bled ,” says tb e s a u e a u th o r , “ ex cep t w beu a u e w ' K in g ascends th e th ro n e , io o rd e r to ta k e an o a tb o f a lleg ian ce to b i m , iu th e niime o f tb e n a tio n , a o d to roceive bis in r e tu rn . T hey w ere assem bled , fo r th e la s t tim e, in 17^^, a t th e co ro n a tio u o f th e p re seu t l i n g , sat

• bounifluif, (wfcu HT!!»» »0 Sfrtlu u i177, M ft* Oic IrYrfidiEaWax) CAai).

nearly th re e m o n th s, au d tb e P re s id e n t tra s C uniit Cauipomunei«, w bo, f o r th is pn rposc , rece iv ed th c title o f G o v ern o r o f th e C ouncil (if C astile . W ith the excep t!ou o f t]ie»c I'ouTOcations, w h ich Im vc only oc«*urrcd t h ricc io th e la s t e c n tu ry an d w h ich a re only a tten d ed w itii va in ceremonies«, an d ex e ite no tli- ing b u t p a in fu l rcco llcc tio n s o f b e t te r tim es, the Corten o f tb e w bolc m o n a rch y h av e n o t been assem - bicd sm ee 1713, w lien P h ilip V . ra iiv o k ed them , iu o rd er t o r a tify the I’rag m a tie S an c tio n wliicli chanpcd th c o rd e r o f S u « :essio n to th e thi*oue."*

T he w ritte n L aw w hich th e fram ers o f tb e P ra g m atic S ouetiou o f M a m b ‘29, ISüO, w e re s a anxiooK to rev ive, wa« e n a c te d b y A lonzo X«, K ln p oí* L eon anil C astile , w h o began bU re ig n in th e y ear 1 2 6 2 ; and Í9 in co rp o ra fed in b is ca lled L a s S ie itPartidas. In th e iu tred u c tio n to th is w o rk , th c Royal L e g is la to r iiiinself acktio tvledgcd th a t , u n til his tim e , tb e g re a te s t p a r t o f th e K ingdom b a d no

* Ib i4—T h e d e w r ip tk ia g i* n i n f th e o f ü k C o r t n »f

Vbiiii) V , I4 N Í o f fibc p * r t w D k h lôrd L c x i o K t n o to o k n t f i e r t i U D C i -

b f D o b V icvo te U ttc a lk r y S a ju a , U u g i u s d e S * a th«

P reach t r s n iU tk m o f w b k h i i iau» lly quuKoI, Í» r« u ia rk » h U .— A on r«#uKT)W a I Ajfifid c*! R o l la n d o ? , n o l ^ n i u d o ^ o c K'

c o tr« n )4 o r o o p ^ n i f t l a r f * a n i f o l m t« EspafM y l a f l a i e i r s . P isA ^

M tlu rd L e x i n ^ o p 4 n iM cM M i k l «oiui0« te k s f i)oeutcA *es en {Âtiea rcnuacbic üoe dcrccbvs cl K c; ;tU C oruak i k F id a c w . CwQvuc4roa>e )og PrcNnii'adore» ä e ) a j di)d»dc«> PreUdM ; Nohleta de Int n ey iM <te F,ip*rta, 7 * ft dc Ortuhr« el

oCiA »«Mna» rîMtnc«» dnsde scrvicruii de C'ooHjeroeCdCado, los PicBlÚL'Bti'« de los Coeiejox, cM e) T>««iao dc cUue, Im

Krfi>i de lA C.M» Hotl y Oe l u g o a r ^ i a t c\ Acto, M ûUic6 COB pregoB j ge firnum n quatro ive«e* dc (rvp jaen tr^ I t ¡sgU tcrrs 7 U FspA!^" CommÛmi tfe /c <f9cm «tt e JfU(»ri€•y Hfj ptfHp^ y , E¡ jinm uo, PtrU Ü. ¿« . %\».

Ftiero, OT System ul* Laws 5 bu t were judg;cd by Act# and A rbitrations oT honest m en, usage»« and com- positiou* /’ Al<>uz<» was avowedly thc im prover, it* oo t the funnder, of j$paui$ih Lejcislatinn, and hence acquired the surnam e o f W ise. N evertheless .Spain was n o t generally goverued )iy tliis Ci»Oe, till Ferdinand and Isabella pruciaim ed it£ obscrvauce, aud ro intoanded all suits to be deterniiued bv the p n v visions whiub It «:outained. I t wa^ pubJished m the language of the country , which is o f courscobi^olcle a t tbe p resen t d a y ; aod however g rea t aud glorious the m erits uf tbe W ise Alonxo m ight have been, it w onkl be carryiug veneration fo r his m em ory too fa r , to m ake th is a p lea fo r th c revival o f one of his an tiquated ru les. This besides woui<i be a poor vom plirnent tu thc Leglslaiory who have sacccssively s a t upoD thc Spauisb tlirone, since b is time« ai<^ed as tliey wer« hy experience and Ibc ablest CouimeD- ta to rs . In 1/45, and during th e lil'etime o f I’hi lip V ., the uew Code, called Hfcopil<icivn, was published, having been preecded by a geoeral collei^tioa o f u to x Acordadosy com pleted in I / ‘iS , from which period th is D igest, frequently styled th e Philippine Code, has been in u?c. I t was formed o u t o f 546 S ta tu tes sclectcd froui ibe liSiero Jm fio , from the ¡•'utro Healy 252 from the EsHlo, and 2506 from the Partidax, all whi<*h orig inal Codes a re nevertheless s till held to be in ^ U fo re c and vigour, uolesd when 6iijii<l con trary to the spccial enactm ents of th e new Rec<tpilneicn.

T he opinions o f tbe m ost learned Spaniards vary as to th c rea l m erits of Alonxo the W ise, /n r i ta *

■ ■ ■

* A a i u i l e » d « A r k £ ^ > >v. C i p . 4 7 .

h i m c r e d i t f o r hi& a t L a c h m c o C t o a s t r v -

n o t u y » n t l t h o k n o t ? } c d g c o f a b s t r u s « ; s c ^ e n c e i ^ f a s

w e l l a s f o r h i ^ D i g e s t o f c h u s c L a w s w b i c b r c p i a c c d

t b e G u t b i c C o d e ; b u t o d d « , “ t l i a t h e l o s t h i s r i g h t

£0 s o b e a u t i f u l a s u r n a m e , b y h i s b a d a d a u u i s l r a t l o u

a n d t i e i i i e o o 'S t o u c y o f h i s a H s , e r e n i n t h e r o o ? t

i m p o r t a n t m a t t e r s . ” M a r i a D O , * a c k o o w l e d g i o g h i s

d e fp c t* « , s a y s , t b a t “ h i s m e m o r y n e r e r t h e l e s s o a g h t

t u l a s t a o d h i s n a m e b e I m i t i o i t a l , f u r t h e t h i n p 4 w h i c h h e d i l l ; ' * a d d lu g ; , t h a t h e w o u l d h a v e b e e n a

g r e a t a n d m o s t j m i d e n t k i u ^ ; , i f h e h & d l e a r u e d k u o w <

l e d g e f u r h i m s e i r , o s w e l l a s h a p p y , i f h e h a d o o t b e e n

i<u u n f o r t u n a t e i o h l » o w u t a t u i l y , a o d h a d u o t

a t a i a e d t h e e x c e i l e ü t q n a l i t i e » o f h U m i n d a n d b o d y ,

b y h i * e x t p a u r d i n a r y a T n r i c e / ’ T h e M a r q u i s d e

N f o n d c j u r , w h o w r u t P t i l s e u l u g l u m , i * a t t r i b u t e s l . i a

m i s f o r t u n e s l u u r e Lo t h e f a u l t s a n d a m b i t u m o f h i s

S o o , <’u n p l e d w i t h t h e c u u d u c t o f t h e G r a u d c c s , w h o

r e l> e U c d a g a i u s t h i u t , t h a n t o h i s o w n d c f c e t s ; b l a m

i n g i i i m , a t t h e s a m e ( i r o c , f o r h i s n ' e û t o f f o r e s i g h t ,

ä e o i p e r e t c u u f e s e e s t h a l t b e Pariidas c o m p r i m e a

u u r u m i u s c o l l e c t i o n o f e c e i e s î a s t i o a l a n d vivH I ^ w s ,

u c c â M o u a i l y d i s t i u i ^ u i s h e d b y e r u d i t i o n a n d g o o d

m o r a l p r c c e p t ; “ b u t , ” a d d s h e , “ a l t h o u g h t h e y

p o s s e s s g r e a t g e u e r a l u i e r i t , c o n s i d e r e d a s a d o c

t r i n a l w o r k , a n d i n r e f e r e u e e t u t h e a g e i n w h i c h

i b c y w e r e w r i t t C D , i t w a s e a s y t o d i s c o v e r t h e i m -

p o ä s i b i l i t y o f c a u s i n g a l l t h e l a w s , u s a g e s , a o d c u s

t o m s e m b o d i e d i n t h e m , t o h e o b s e r v e d . ”

* D tf C o rû G t s c i 4 l l ie F ^ p a 'i a , U b . xH . C a p . vH.

t M e m n ri» ! H i i t u r k s u K e y O , A k m s o H ^ b i w . L ib , n . C « p . 10,

X O f h i C o r n s R epviM , C ftp . x l .

A lo tizo 's C ode y & i-om pound o f ih c G o tinc , R om a n , m id C anvnics] Lnw s, a n d . a s a lread y s ta ted , WHH pab lisb cd iu 1 2 /9 , aU hoii^h n o t g cu cra lly ad o p ted u o t i l 200 years a f te r w ards. T h c S ta tu te w hich tb e P ra g m a tic S au c tio o o f M arch 2 9 ,1 9 3 0 , profcise# to I’cvive, (8 t^»i9> m u re th a n five ce u ta ric ? an d a ha lf o ld. I t U cop ied in to k in ^ P e rd in a n d 'a cd ic t (Vide A ppend ix A .) , an d fo rm s a s tr ik in g c o n tra s t to the D jodeiu SpanisU vrith w h ich i t is In troduced , b incc th e perio d o f i ts en a c tm e n t, aa prev iously shew », th e S p an ia rd s h av e h a d several C odes, a n d th e ir law s a r c DOw re d u c e d to system , an d Ka?e acqu ired a eousid erab le d e g re e o f uu ifo rm ity . P h ilip V . in tro d u ced th c L aw s o f C ^atile iu to C a ta lo n ia , A ra jw i an d V a le n r ia , an d uuquea tionab ty d id m ore t o iiu> prove th c L cg is la tto u o f S p a in th a u an y o f his p re - dcecs5or*(. C an i t th c u , in th e y e a r b e am otive o f e?cultatioo to a BrUi^th u u m arch , o r hie m iu is te r, iu d e p e n d rn t o f th e f r a u d w h i c h a<’t^u )- p an ied th e a t te m p t, tb a t a facUoti in S p a in shou ld CDdeavonr to re tu rn to th e Ix5gislatioa o f 1279, iu a m a tte r o f tb e m oat T ital im p o rtan ce , o n w hieh p e rh ap s th c trauqnilM ty o f R u ro p e d epends. A m in is te r o f W illiam IV . w o u ld n o t deserve th e com p lim en ts o f a fu re ign SoTcreigii, w e re h e to r e t i r e a L aw o f A lfiyd tb e G re a t, from m ere re sp ec t and v en e ra tio n fo r th e en ac to r.

F e rd in an d V l i . ’s miaii^Lers w c rc w ell a w a re tb a t th c a tte m p t to d es tro y tb c L aw o f P h ilip V . w oald m e e tw itb considerab le opposition ou ac«;oimt o f it? irre g u la r itie s , an d th a t th e m otive» ivbieh gave rise to so e x tra o rd in a ry an iu u o ra tio n , w ould b e con^ dem ned , Ih e m om en t th e v w ere u n d ersto o d . A

w rite r t*f cou-idepabfe m e rit w as acoo rd iu^ ly em ployed to p re p a re th e piibtie opiQiOD ; au il, orHfJt s u p r io r , li« prodiH^pil a ?maU p am p h le t, e n titled “ R etiections o d th c In fa n ta M a ria Isab e l L u isa ’s r ig h t to tb e 8uc(’«sKÍun o f t l ie T liro n e ,” w h ich w as carefully d is trib u ted am o n g fo re ign d ip lo m atis ts and, i t is m u ch to b« feared , tb a t tb U ts tb e rhapsody w hich th e y cb ie lly co n su lted as th e ir ^uiile upon tb is im p o rta iit an d com pli ca led su b jec t.* I t p r iD < ñ -

pally dw etU upon th e v ir tu e s an d p erso u o l meriL* o f th e Q ueens w h o have »at u p o n tb e tb ro n e o f S pain , and en u m era tes th e benefits derived from th e ir ad - n iln istra tioo . I t speciües tb e cases o f S an eh a o f i<eoo, w ho m a rrie d th e H e ir o f G astllo , a n d tbu.^ un ited th e tw o K in g d o m s; ol’D o ñ a U raeo , d au g h te r o t A lonzo V I. w h o w as d ee la red b is h e iress , iu <ie* ftialt o f nia!e issue , an d aftp rw ards coufirm ed b y th e Falatincii, C lergv , an d N o b le s ; o f D o ñ a B e rengúela , daughtt^r o f A louzo T i l l , o f CastU c, w h o w as ac- buow ledged, an d th e o a th ta k e n to h e r os succcs-

* T h i j |« a i p h l e t r > f ih Í r tT * ú s IS m n p t f c a ú t, w i t h e r e « r rM A n . * !•

tA t h c p e n o f t i i c t < A n i e d i « t Í i o r o r t i i e á4 h t De/itpi

t e T»ÍU«SU(td á ia P a í r i» , m p u t á J w é lo » £ 470* « ^ i t u n 1«

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f tsd jir in c^ d a t D u n l c a u , f o r t b e p a r p ó t e u f d e f c o d i u i , o r p * ]E » ü O |,

t t i f ' '• o o d t n o f IbuaC 8píLQi4iUs w b o o r t o ( h e V re n rh

u tb f t ti jB e o f f J k p o líO B 'i ( u T u h r ^ . I t ia r o a f e í u > ^ l ) ' t b c B3v3t in fv iií*

o u w o r k í b a t co9kd p v i n b i ; h e co B s tro c O a l o b » u c h « fttwl

filWd « f t h e r a d i t l u a ( b o t I t >*98 m e te r » A iw ereH . I t b u i r c m ' m d .

tri1>u(«tl v c ry m B te r ia l l ; t o r» c o i tr i l e F e r d i m o d V i l . t v n i ím y w lio , in

tb » t i ñ e o f t h c F iC B cb , l o i l U .'to b i t b l t t c r ^ i r «neiw ie« . O f t h e w rn c c i^

» f * e r e n l o f üie& e h e » f te r w a i d> av* il« il h k«'! a* t i i e Q u e ^ D ^ w tm r

fl«b»e<|Ba)t1y 4)<l,c

ftor o f th e K b g ;^o m , & few days a f te r h e r b ir th j and A nally, o f Isa b e lla tb e C atholic.

T heae a rc th e Inad in^ cases m en tio iicd b y Q uecb C briatina'fi ad v o ca tc , lo su p p o rt o f b ia a rg u m c o t; an d h av in g eiitabli«bed tb e position w hich su ited his em p lo y ers , h e v e ry co n v en ien tly coucludcs th a t , if these scv en d fem ales a t va rious p e rio d s a a t upon the th ro n e o f Spaln> th e In fa n ta Isabel h as u o w an eq u a l r ig h t lo in h e r it . T h e a u th o r is lav ish in his p ra ises o f A louzo’s L aw o f SucccM ion, even iu- se r tin g i t e n tire , in i ts q n a io t la n g u a g e ; an d tak in g i t fo r g ra n te d th a t th e L a w o f l /K ) ac tu a lly passed, h e e lu d es th e le g a l questio u a lto g e th e r . A s regards re se a rc h an d a u th o rity , as w e ll m ig h t (¿ueen Ciiris* t i n s have confided th e defence o f h e r d a u g h te r 's r ig h ts to h e r P o e t L a u r e a t ; fo r amidjst apostrophes, d e ro u l o f a l l m ean h ig , a n d a florid sty le , i t is evid e n t th a t th e L a w y e r u e v c r v en tu red so f a r as to open an y one o f th e NacioDal C odes, o r a t all g ianced a t th e im p o rta n t ev en ts w hich le d to Ihe s e ttle m e n t o f E u ro p e , in 1713. So m uch im p o rta n ce h as , h o w ev er, been a tta c h e d to th is official p am p h le t, o w ing to th e ausp ices u n d e r w hich i t w as in tro d u c e d to the considera tion o f fo re ig n e rs , th a ti l deserves m ore th a n o rd in a ry no tice.

'ITie ru le w h ich es tab lish es th e o rd e r o f Sncces- bion ban alw ays beeu co n sid ered as an in te g ra l , if n o t an essen tia l, p a r t o f the F iin d am cu ta l L aw of every S t a t e ; an d a iiy a lte ra tio n in i t o u g h t no t th e re fo re to b e m ade w ith lev ity , o r fo r th e benefit o f any p a r tic u la r p e rso n , o r fam ily . 1q eoiisequciice o f th e ex ten s iv e cffe(;rs w h ich ch an g es o f th is k ind a re likely lo p ro d u ce upon th e com m unity a t la rg e .

and o ftrn npon ttei^U bonring k in g d o m s, m a tte rs o f such h iiJ i im p o rt o u g h t to Up tw a tc d cau tiously , and w ith th e u tm o s t deliher& tion. O f tb e d read fu l «calamities nriMing o u t o f a d isp u ted Succession, these pOif«*s l>avc re c o n le d one in s ta n c e ; an d u n happily S p a in an d P o rtu g n i, a t tin s m om en t, p re sen t tw o m o re . E ach ol* tlie?e w ill h e re a f te r liave i ts h is- U )riaii; ao d W'hoever h e m ay be, lie w ill equ a lly find th a t E n g lan d , by berK ijud ic ious in te rv en tio n , !ihs p u rsued a m istak en po licy , an d th p re ljv mat<?riidly added to t)ie ca lam ities o f bo th th e s e afHieted (countries.

E very D atio u h a s n u q u e s tio n a h lv a r ig h t to change, o r modify Its iuHtitutiou^, w henever th e g enera l and th e p u b lic Toiee re q u ire i t ; b u t in tb e m a tte r» w hich ttHect o th e r c o u n trie s , and a re iu som e m easu re re g u la te d b y p u b lic tre a tie s , m ore th a n o rd in a ry p m d c n c e is reqxurcd. I t v e ry ju s t ly belongs to ev e ry S ta te , to p ro p o se an d a d o p t a new law -y bu t m otives o f policy su g g es t p re c a u tio n s in th e exerc ise o f th is r ig h t , w hen a v a ria tio n fron j Ihe estab lished o rd e r in ju re s o th e r sovere igns, an d destro y s eng ag em en ts t o w h ich th e y Tvere p a rtie s . E u ro p ean d ip lom acy , e v e r w a tch fu l an d alw ays d read ing tb e p o ssib ility o f th e peace o f th e g en e ra l com m unity b e in g d is tu rb ed , b u s in tro d u ced a new public rijfh t, u n know n to th e an « ien ts , w hich , ai- thoitgh e stab lish ed on th e b y n o m ean s w ell defined basis o f eq u ilib riu m , is ncTcrthclciia derived fro io solem n t r e a t ie s ; a n d d rv ia tio n s from i t have often covered E u ro p e w ith b lood an d deso lation .

W h e th e r Ih c M ad rid go v ern m en t, in i ts la te en deavours to di^lurl> T re a tie s , m ad e fo r th e g enera l w t le m e n l o f K urope, h as d u ly ap p rec ia ted th e ob*

' . 2

li;ratio(i,s uif o f tb e c o u trac tin g pow ers > o r , ia i ts a tte m p t to d ia o g c a fn ad am etita l law , o f 120 y e a rs s tan d in g , baa a t ie d w ith ju s tic e &o<i p rv caa- tio n , i t w ill u o t b e difficult fo r th u se tu ju d g e w bo feel in c lin ed to e n te r in to tlte Bubjcct. T be Successio n to a tliro n c c a n n o t b e deem ed th e p rív a te p a tr im o n y o f any re ig o in g d y n asty , an d tb e law w hich is to r e g a la te it, m u st b e eousidered r a th e r o f a p o litic a l, th a n a civ il c h a ra c te r . Jf, tb c re fb re , F e rd in a n d V I I . p ro p o sed to v a ry th e uw ler estab lished , h e o u g h t to b av e re so rte d to le g a l form^«, an d , a t all ev en ts , p rev iu u siy abccrta ined tb e fee lings o f tliose w ho w ere p a rtie s to th e p eace o f U tre c h t.

F o r th e la.«t A>ur m o n th s , a liiud o f th re a t to as- MDible th e C o n e s ba^ in cessan tly been u t fu r lb ; b u t w h y w as n o t th is done in tb e la te k in g ’s lifetim e > I f F e rd in an d V I I . WHS coo o m n ip o ten t to req u ire th e ir a id , in or«ler to se ttle an iinporCant q u estio n , connected w ith th e in te rn a l p cacc o f his ow n re a lm s , o r i f th e C o rtes a r e to h av e n o lejfisla- tive w ill, w h y assem ble th em n o w , w h en th o se ca lam ities, w h ich i t w o u ld h a v e b een desirab le to avo id , have a lready fa llen u p o n th e c o u n try ? Tliey w ere assem bled , a t le a s t oue b rancli o f th em , to do hom age to h is d au g litc r> b u t, i f th e i r a c ts a rc to be <<onlined to th e m ere p a ^ iv e a n d h u m ilia tin g d u ty o f ta k in g such an o a th a s th e m in is te r in av p lease to p ropose , o r su b scrib ing tb e ir n am es to a p a p e r draw n lip in th e p a lace rece ss , o f w h a t u se can th e ir in te r ven tion be?

I t is o n ly , from th e fo u rte e n lh c en tu ry , th ftt tlje com position a n d m ode u f conven ing Uie Sjianibh C o rtes can b e tra c e d w ith an y th in g lik e a c c u ra cy ;

and y e t, CTcn th e n , tlie re wtH n o fixed rul«?. T he P<»rtu^uei;e, iu tb U re sp ec t, m o re know ledgeof th e ir an tjicn t u sag es th a n Ib e S pan i an i» , from fi>l- lomug*, w ith v e ry s lig h t TBrìatious, th c fo im s o b se rved in th e C o rtes o f L am ego , w lien th e Fir>;t A lonzo se ttled th c Lan* o f S uccession Tvhich ha» p reva iled ever aincc,* In th e C oH es o f S ev ille , in IW O, th c p rincipal c le rg y , a ll tb e g ran d ees, noble«, an d m any rep rescn tarives fro m th e d t ic s a ss is ted j t w bereas in tbose o f M ad rid , h e ld in 1 3 9 0 ,1 2 8 d epu ties from 4S tow ns m e t, an d n o m en tio n is m ad e o f c itb e r cJe i^y , o r n o b les .I 'l'ho tiers-eia l th e u b e ld th e h ig h es t considera tion , b u t dec lin ed in th c n e x t c en tu ry . In th c C orte» o f 1402, H en ry I I I - req u ired th e ir a id , to Vote supp lies f o r th e w a r c a rry in g o n ag a in s t th e M oors ; and a t tb o se o f T o ledo , h e ld b y C h arles V.

* T b e r r t r i n ^ f « » B m c h in d e b te d t o t b e V u t c o n t d c S a n a ir« m

fo r hlA v a lv ib lc r c M K rc b e s u p o n t h i s s u b je c t , t b e m n ) t o f w h ic h w i£

p M N ith n l In b la a H i s t iH a « T h ^ r t e C 'fir /a

f IU 1 t € ce ied m r« » p e iM T r e t EHtel>f» deL w L A t, 1 6 3 7 , w b ic h » e r i ^ »» % s i o d e l f o r t h e o f t b e L is b o n

C o r te s , Sti J i i l j , lQ 2 6 ,w h e n A l i t b e a n c ie n t fnrB m w e r r A r tc t l f o b « e r < e d .

U n h k s ftB o w tlln e t h e « « n e n i p r » n k e , t b i i w o r k c o a ta k i s (O p l« s o f

tb e lvCt«ni o i c o n « r tc « tio a , t d d n a i e » , e 9 u iu ) l» t i 0 t i l u u t o th e r diX B -

i b c d u , 0« u s e d o n v i r i o n s o ic A ilo u s \ a t h e re> g n s p s n a c a b r o iu -

n w b f l , a b e w io g t b e i i o p r o r e n e ' i t e s u r a e s i t i r c l j i n t r o d t c c d , 3d<) ¡A krn

f ro m t b e w c h iv e i p re s e rv e d I n t h e T u r r e d o T o a b u . T l te w r i u , o r

co n p o c W o ry l e i t e r e , i J v a j f l lo e n tiw » t h e o lf^«ct f o r w b ic b t k e C o r te i

^ r v d i r e c te d t o iD ce t, a n d o j> 0 a tb eJB I h e in im ic tc o n » , o r p o « 'e n o f

t l i r CVjo3tici)eBcf w e re (o u n d e d . K o m o d e m b o o k ii« m> h ig h ly iU q i-

t w i * e w f ih e ) ) ) 9 to r / , c o r e p o c itw o , u d th e o r} ’ o f t h e P o r tu g o e s c C o r te 'f l ,

3a t h c o n e ab o T c n o i d e i o e d . ICa a v t b e s t k U f m h e ^ d e '» Q o ^ v c s tiu o a U i:.

t c :h n > f u o d c D o n Ak»n?!u X I . C a ^ . 24Ck

X l l l j t u i i i t d e H e n r iq n e I l l . C t p « !■

in 1538, th e th re e E s ta te s w ere p re se n t ao d anum g tb e iu m ore (h an 7 0 N obles, caeh K sta te bolâiû^ç se* p a ra te s ittiû g s . T bey m e t to g ive th e ir asseu t lu an exc isc d u ty , p roposed to th e m ; b u t d is n ^ e e in f upou tb is subject;. C h arles , in un a n g ry arid a rb itra ry m an n e r, dismiHsed tl ie C l^ i^ y a n d N ob les, au d , aa s e p a ra te bod ies, th e y have oo t since been I'oiivpucd > b u t, i f i t w as w h h e d to rev ive th e an c ieo t C oustitu* t io n , w h y w as n o t th is diioe in th c libera l t im e s in w h ieh wc live ; o r , a t le a s t, w lty w as o u t tb c m ore re c e n t ex am p le o f P h ilip V . fo llow ed ?

T h e tru th is, th a t n e itlie r F en ilo au d , tb e <ûeen> i io r th e m in is te rs d a re d to ad o p t s\ich a m easure. T h e y w ere perfe i tly conçinced tb a t , io fu ll C o rte i, th a t is , C o rte s eom poscd o f tl ie C le rg y , K oblea, aud ]>epaties, tb e y w o u ld b e o u tv o ted on an y p m positiun te u d io g to th c exclusion o t th e lu fa iite D o q C arlosj an d eq ua lly ao, i f th e C ity i)eU*gates a lo n e w ere eonvuned. T h e expéd ie o t o f th e P ra g m a tic Sânotloo w as th e re to rc adoptêd, an d h o w i t eo u ld be deem ed Thlid i t w oald be difficult to say . O n ly lo o k io g to th e questio n as ooe o f prlTiciple, au d w ith o u t re fe r- eiiee to th e consequences, tb is w as th e m ost u o ja s t a o d a rb itra ry a c t ev er perfo rm ed by a m onarch . I t w a s besides th e g re a te s t in s u lt e v e r offered to tbc S p an ish peop le . C h arles V . n ev er d id a n y th in g bo tuoobtroQS. T h e m o st sio jçu lar p a r t o f th e affair, how ever, is , th a t in E n g lan d i t sh o u ld be p re teu d ed th a t w h a t w as tlieu d o n e , w as fo u n d e d npon the <tn- c lfn t c w s iitu tio n o f th e e o u o try . Feiuale» have m ost a ssu red ly s a t upon th e th ro n e o f $ p a in , an d the L aw o f P h ilip V . does n o t w holly exclude them . B enefits al«o o ^ y h av e been derived frotii th e ad-

Q lo is tn c io n o f so m e o f Ib e m ; b u t tb e sc a rc oo t proofis th a t tb e ir t i t le s w ere alw&y& good , n o r reasoos w hy a m o o a rcb is to b e p laced aboTC a l l law , o r tb e w ishes an d in te re s ts o f & w hule o a tio n se t a t nough t. T he cases o f tb e fem ales w h o h a re sa t u p o n tbe Spanish Chrooc, fu; m eo tiu n ed in th e Prag;m atic Saoccioo an d th e official p am p h le t, m i t t e n in su p p o rt o f i t , a r c honrever e rro n eo u sly s ta te d , a s i t sh a ll be the o b jec t o f tb e fo llow ing C h a p te r to dbew.

m

C I I A P . V I I .

A n c if t i t L a w o f Succtssion-^Iti^ m h s ^ u e n t modijita^ tio rvs^A rg u sn fn tu o f t h t TejteUeri^}''t-m aU s icho have sa t vpo tt the SfHinxsh th n m e— N o t a lw n ys h y inU eritfin ce^ 'I^ tU s o f sotne o f them de- fec tive— Ca44$ o f Sa n ch a , U raca a n d He-reng u tlit-^ Ile in a T ks upon them . A hhoT ren te o f the Sipaniatds to a fo r e ig n dom inion. 'This fee lin g to A lo n z o / . ' i « « 0 law o f succession in P o r tu g a l— P h ilip ju s ti f ie d in fo l lo w in g ihvt e sa m p l^^C o H -

f f u io n in the application o f ihe law o f S u cccss io n ^ V io la ted h y A lo n z o ihe P rave^ w th e life tim e o f h ii oum fa th e r — h a b e lla the C atholic's l ig h l in vestigated .

I t w as observed by B lack sto u c , tb a t ‘'th e execu d v c p ow er b e in ^ vested in a »ui^le person> ic bccam c iicccssary to th c freedom an d p eace o f tb e StaCe, tb a t a ru le »bould b e la id dowD, u n ifo rm , un iversal, an d perm & ucnt, iu o rd e r to m a rk o u t, w ltb pre> cisioof w ho U C)iat » b f l e persm i tu n’houi a re com m itte d th c c a rc an d p ro te c tio n o f tb c C om m u o ity ; an d to w ho iu , in re tu rn , tb e d u ty an d alleg iance o f ev e ry in d in d u a l a rc due. i t is o f tb e h ig h es t i>n- portaD ce to tb e p ub iic tra n q u ili i ty , '’ ad d s lie , th a t tills m ie sh o u ld b e c lea r an d ind ispu tab lr^ /’* A

C o a i iB i;n U iii : i , & f . B v o k 1 , C h a p . u i . o f ih » K i n ; » a d b i s ' n i k .

sim ilar coQTletlou a n d an aux ioa» u ish (u kt*ep hi^ co u n try a t pcace , in d u ced P h ilip to avaU h i m s e l f

0 ^ tlie e a r lie s t o p p u rtu n ity to in s ti tu te bu inqu iry in to th e s ta te o f th e L aw o f •Succession, w ith a v iew to re tn ed y it6 dcfcets, b f th e iutroductiMU o f such limitQtinns as sh o u ld a p p e a r m o st adv isab le . In Che lapse o f (in ie , th e S pan ish C row n h a d ceajted lo be elective, an d b o d becom e descend ib le to th e n e x t he ir. Oil th e dem ise o f th e la s t p ro p r ie to r ; bu t th e re was n o t h i D g b e y o n d custom to fihew in w h o m th e hcreditfiry r ig h t re s id ed , a n d th a l custom h ad fre - q aen tly been defeated b y motive& o f escpedieacy, fraud , o r force.

T be ru le in fact w as n e ith e r c le a r , n o r p re c ise ; because th e law b ieh w as to re g u la te i t wan lu it fixed an d p e rm a n e n t, sev e ra l o f th e C odes io force dilfcriug m atc iiuU y fn iu ) each o th e r . “ O u tb e death o f th e K in g / ' say s C anon J b o f th e F o u rth Council o f T o ledo , “ th e F roreret, o r lead in g lueu o f th e K in g d o m , t o o t h e r w ith th e C le rg y o f o u r L ord , shaU , b y cnm m on acco rd , e le c t a B ucccssor / ' an d th is enuc tm en t is ad o p ted b y L aw 9 , T itle 1 o f th e h'uero Juaifo . T h e fo u r th C ouncil o f T oledo WHS convened a . d - w hen S ism undus cau sed h is ow n law s, au d tho se o f th e prev ious Bovereignii, io be com piled in to a / J b c r . /u d im m , w h ich , b e iu^ tran s la ted in to C astilian , w as dcu o m in a tcd th e J'hero i/u»gr>.

T his th en is th e p rim itiv e , o r au c icn t law o f Spain re g a rd in g th e S u ccess io n ; au d , as before observed , the Fttero J%isgfi is s t i l l in force, in ev<*ry th in g tb a t IS n o t opposed to th e prov isions o f th e new Cude. In th e C an o n above m en tio n ed , i t w as fu r th e r o r-

da lo ed , tb a t on th e e iec tiun b e iu g m ad e , i t was to b e confirrocd b y a g en e ra l m e e tin g o i tb e K in g , douj,” iu w hich, fo r gi*pater va lid ity , th c person e lcc ted w as to b e fo rm ally aceep tcd a u d couB rm ed; a p ra c tic e w h ich , n o tw ith s ta n d in g th e L aw o f P c r - tido4, coQCmncd t i l l th e y e a r 1 /8 9 (w hen, a s before n o ticed , th e la te K in g w as ar.know ledgcd aa I ’rince o f A stu rias, w h ilst a ch ild a n d d u r iu s th e life tim e o f h is ^father), a n d rev ived in 1833, In o rd e r to ad d • solcmuiCy to th e m o ck cry b y m eaos o f w h ich i t w as w ished to p lace th e C row n upon th c h ead o f th e ^ In fa n ta Isab e l, t o th c d e tr im e u t o f h e r n o d e , to ^ w hom it ju s t ly be longed . 2

'J'hc G o th ic law o f Succession, in th e co u rse o f ■ tim e au d b y th e force o f custom , ex p crlcn ced m od i- 4 Reations. T b e re ig n io g S overe igns assoc ia ted in i th e goverriTnent th o se w h o w ere d es lio ed to succeed th e m ; an d b y th is m ean s th e h e re d ita ry r ig h t w as intri»daoed and fin a lly e stab lish ed a s a p e rm au co t ru le . 'Il)is w as un q u estio n ab ly a w U c an d sa lu ta ry m ea^nre , a s te n d in g tu obviate th e fa ta l efBpct>s o f p a re n ta l p artia lity» a s w ell as to p re v e n t civ il war!- a o d o th e r p u b lic ca lau iitip s. A fte r th e la p se o f n ea rly 600 y e a rs , (h iring w h ich perio d th e re g u la r succcwjion b ad som etim es been suspended , b o th iu L e o u an d C astile , by th e in tro d u e tio u o f a uew fam ily , th c T>aw o f A lonzo th e W ise w as suggested ae a m odi£catioo o f (h e p rim itiv e ru le , an d adop ted w ith a view to co u n tc ra c t th e d an g ero u s applications o f c o n v ic tin g Cgdes^ as w ell as to d efea t th e force o f p re c c d e a ts , often re n d e re d successful b v an abuse of po w er. T liis p a r t ic u la r s ta tu te o f th e J^arlulas, in i ts tim e , w*as doub tless u b eau tifu l sp c d m c n o f jurl)«'

prudencc. I ts o b jec t w as m o st assu red ly th e best, us b e in g ealculatftd to g u a rd a g a in s t th e period ica l bloodshed au d m isery , w h ich b a d m ark ed tb e annals o f Spain an d o th e r co u n trie s . I t s en ac tm en ts m ay be conform able to th e law o f n a tu re , an d founded upon th e d ivine p recep t w b lcb th e y q u o te > b u t, a t tbe eu d o f a n o th e r 600 yearn, i t w as nevertheless Ihoogh t p ro p e r to a l te r i t , n o t by th e in tro d u c tio n o f a new ru le , b a t b y p n ttin g liro ita tions to th e o ld one. T h e previou* S ta tu te s louohing^ th e Succession, w ere acco rd in g ly ab ro g a ted b y tb e new c u a c t- m en t, in aach m a n n e r a s to rem o v e a ll d o u b ts , ao d the JUS corontF th u s e s tab lish ed o u a c lea r ao^i se ttled basis.

B u t," say tb e C hristinof an d S p an ish U b e ra J i o f th e d ay , “ P h ilip V’ . 's w as a n u n d u e in n ovation , th e L aw o f F n rlid a s b e in g tb e n a tio n a l oue— the guide o f o u r a n c e s to rs , th e ru le w hich fo r e ig h t cen- tn rie s w as observed , th e fu n aam en ta l L aw o f th e g re a t S p an ish e u ta il , an d th e o n e by m ean s o f w hieh tbe m o st diatinguiübed Q u een s b av c ascended the th ro n e .” T h is U Ih e p rin c ip a l a i^ u m c n t used in th e pMurtly p a m p h le t u n d er (w usidcratiou > an d su p posing th a t b e h ad estab lished a p osltíon , no favourab le to hia em ployers, th e a u th o r confiden tly p ro -

I'ceds th u s :—“ 1st. B y cu s to m an d b y law , D o ñ a S a n c h a o f

L eon ber;auie Q n een , an d m a r ry irg F e rd in a n d th e G rea t, B c i r to C astile , u jiite d th e tw o C row ns.

2ud ly . B y law an d b y w istom , D o ñ a U raca , daughte r o f A lo m o V ! . , a^eended th e th r o n e ; h e r fa th e r b e in g i l l a n d w ith o u t m ale iw u e , d e c la ie d h e r h e ir

ess to tlie C row n, iu p rcscn cc o f tiic Couuts» P re la te s an d Koble!^.

3 rd ly , D o ñ a Bercug;ucla, d a u g h te r o f Alonso V l i r , K in g o f C astile , w as ackiiuw l edged an d fhe «lath l a i e u to h e r , as h is suct*fssor, a f e w days after h e r b irth .

4 th ly . O n th e d e a th o f H «iiry IV ., Isab e l tbe C atho lic as(;i*iided tb c th ro u e and , by iiiajTylnf^ F e rd inand , u n ited th e C row ns o f C astile , A rag o n and S ic ily , a fte rw ard s ad d iu g to th e L ions iind C aatlei th c N ew W o rld w h ich th c y d iscovered.

5 tidy . D o ñ a J u a u a , tlie ir d a u g h te r , inherited th e ir c s te n s iv e dom in ions, a n d tra n sm itte d the tu to b c r sou C harles I . oP S pain au d E m p e ro r o f G cr- m & nyi th u s , b y m ean s o f th is L aw o f S p a in , form in g one o f th e l a i ^ s t em p ires ev er k n o w n . ”

Til ese exam ples a r e adduced in su p p o rt o f clie Iu - fan ta IsabeT s c la im s ; b u t no a lte n tp t is m ade fo shew th e specific rij^ht b y wb^oh th e se se t 'c ra l P r in cesses ascended tb c th ro n e . H ow ever d istingu ished th e y m ig h t h av e b e e n ; how ever e x a lte d th e ir v irtu e s , au d h o w ev er g re a t th e ben eh ts d eriv ed from th e ir adTTiinistration, I t is uo t estab lished th a t tliey succeeded s tr ic tly b y tnheritaiK ie. in d eed tiie titles o f som e o f th em w ould n o t stKod th e te s t o f A lonso’s iaw o f Partidag , an y m ore th a n th a t o f Saucho the B rav e , w ho, to secu re th e etFccts o f h is rebcllioD u g a iu s t h is own fa th e r, s tr ip p e d h is nephew s o f tfieir succession , an d g a io ed o v er th e S p an ia rd s , by e s - ces^ive p rom ises o f th e e n ia i^ e d benefits w U i(^ they w ould d erive fro m h is b e in g allow ed to re ta in iiis u su rp ed dom inion o v er them ,

T his ia un iu jp u rta iit p^iit o f tlie questio n a t issuo, and tiie re fo rc calls lo r ro o rc tbnu o rd in a ry notiec. Thc an tiq u ity o f th e l*<irlidaa Code, tb e m erita o f its founder, an d th e illustx*atlvc p reced en ts before ad - <lui*ed, co n stitu te Ibe p rin c ip a l g ro u n d w o rk o f thc In fan ta Isab e l’n i^l:djn. Th(^ in s tan ces o f fem ales having aiicended th e S pau isb tb ro n e , iu an c lcu t, as well as m o d ern tim es, a r e m eu io rab le . S om e o f the Prinecsscs w ere deserved ly illu strio u s, an d tb e f r a m ers o f tb e P ra g m a tic S anction , as w ell as tb e an tlu ir o f th e I’a la c c p am p h le t a t le r th e m , d id well lo Hvailjng Ibcuisclves o f cxaittp les so im posing. W livtlier, how ever, th ey estab lish th e p rin c ip le ad vocated, o r p ro v e t l ia t tb e p referab le ru le is, fo r females to in h e r it w ith o u t Ilm itationSf can only bc ascerta ined b y a p a rtic n iu r eocauiination o f eacb case.

T be accession o f D o n a S an cb a re fe rs to ab o u t the y«&j 1 0 ^ . D erm u d o I I I . o f L e o u , w bH st young, was ra ised to tb e th ro n e b y tb e G randees and fiisho{iK. H e a f le n ra rd ^ n e g o tia te d a m arrlSgT be> tivc«u h is ow*n s is te r S an cb a und D on Gar<*ia, C oun t

C astile , a n d i t w as a g re e d Uiat th c cerem ony should l>e p e rfo rm ed a t l ^ o n . U 1th e r th e C ostili au P riiire catne, w ith a la rg ì: re tin u e j b u t, i»n leav ing th e e im rc b o f San S a lv ad o r, b e wa« asi^ossinatcd by some o f b is own noble»;. Saneho o f N a v a rre su c ceeded to th e dom inions o f tlie tn iird c red G arc ia , ®od afte rw ard s invaded Ler»n, wHb a view to seize upou tb a t k in g jo iu au d p rev en t i ts fa llin g to th e lo t o f S an riia , w hose b ro th e r B erm u d o liad u o c h ildren . T be in v ad e r h a d a b e a d y possessed liiinself o f several la rg e d is tr ic ts , and b is a rm s w*ere every

n o

w liere victoriou?^, w lien H rrm u d o , th ro u g h th e p er- suajiion o f h is P re la te * nnd (àrandee», p roposed »hat }ii? w idow ed sistei* S nucita sh o u ld espouse Kcrdi- nand , second sou o f th e K in g o f N a v a r re ; aad in th is maDDcr tb e fu r tlic r effusion o f b lo o d w as «pared.S h e was a lso ap p o in ted sucoessor to tb e k ingdom o f L eon , an d th u s becam c a pea<ie-otferijig-* |

M a ria n a , a l^c r acknow lcdg iag th a t th is a rran g e - | n ien t w as d lsadvaiitngeous to tì ic L conese, observe»» •• “ tb a t i t w as a re tu a rk a b lc c ircu m stan ce , in those y tim es, to see th e succession o f b o th C astile and r>:on devolve u p o u fem ales, an d co n seq u en tly th e ir ifovernm ents u p o u s tra n g e rs ; a th in g ," adds be,“ w h ich e r e r y b o d y dete^sts, a lth o u g h th e sam e had , on som e occasions, p rev io u sly hap p en ed in L e o n ." t I t w ould th e re fo re seem th a t tb e ob jections ag a in s t * fem ales m b e ritiu ^ b a d l>ecn fe lt , even so ea rly as tb e p e rio d above n lh ided to . T in s l*rlnees9, ho^r- e>er, d id n o t in h e r it by v ir tu e u f a n y r ig h t, legally veste<{ in h e r, o f w h ich th e L aw o f ITiilìp V . w ould b av e deprived b e r , even hail sh e lived since i ts p ro - inulgati<in an d th e r irr iim s ta n e c s b een th e san)c- I t is m o reo v e r reco rd ed , Uiat th e P re la te s a u d G ran - dee» in te rv en ed iu h e r a p p o in tm en t to th e th ro n e o f L e o a .

O n th e d ea th o f Q ueen S aueba , th e k ingdom s o f C astile a u d L eon devolved npon b e r tw o sons,S aneho au d A lonzo , w hich gave r is e to fresh d istu rb an ces . Saneho o f C astile dec la red w a r again st b is b ro th e r A lo n to ; tb e fo rm e r b e in g i^ltun in b a ttle ,

• Uurwflt, H iit Gea. d . Lib. »iii, <%p. 12.t IViid—!b1<l.

m

the la t te r took posdessiou o f h is k i n ^ u i u , &»d à is - tÌDgaÌ»hed h is long; r e l ^ b y m&uy deeds o f yu loar^ amutig; w lncb w as th c ta k in g o f T o ledo . O ía only SOD S an ch o b av m g b een k illed b y tb e M o o rs , a t tbe a^e o f 18, th e eucc^P^sion fe ll to A lo n zo 's d au g h te r Urac a , ñ r s t m a rrie d to K ay m o n d O u k e o f B urgundy , and second ly to AUhizo, kin^^ o f NavaiTC a n d A ra- ;oD . T he L conesc an d Ca^tUiana e a r ly dep lo red til« «!0 n8eqiieDi.*e» o f tblfl m a rria g e , fo resee ing t i ia t it w ould pluee a to rc ig n k io g o v e r th e iu , f o r fiueb th c y cousidered A loozo o f A rag o n . M a r ia n a asse rts , th a t th e G ran d ees o f L eon a u d C astile w ere in h igh dudi^eou a t D o ñ a U ra c a ’& tu a rr ío p j w ith tb e A ra gonese p rin ce , an d en d eav o u red to p e rsu ad e th e fa th e r to b re a k i t off, and m a rry h e r to C o u n t C an- desp ina , th e ricb p st n o b le o f Casti ie . T u eifect th is objcet, tb e y em ployed a phy sie iau w ho h ad g re a t iuñncnoc o v er th e ag ed A lo n z o } b a t h e refuised tu a lte r b is d e te rm in a tio n .*

A t th e perio d o f b e r fa th e r ’s d e a th . D o ñ a U caca w as a b se n t w ith h e r h u sb an d , w ho w as w ell aw are o f the aversion in wbir^b th e C astilianb h e ld h im , an d o f th e ir d re a d o f a foreign P ria« « reiicn in j' over them . B efore h e to o k possesstou o f b is new klng> dom , he th e re fo re cau tio u s ly g a rriso u e d th e p rin c ipal fo rtre sse s a tid tow ns w ith A rag o n ese soldiers, com m anded b y officers in h is ow n confidence, as a «beck upon b is new sub jec ts > a n d in ev e ry o th e r re sp ec t p roceeded w ith tb e u tm o s t j u d i e n t and procnutiun . W h e u b e th o u g h t th a t a ll w as sa fe , be sen t fo rw ard h is Q u een , a d iss ip a ted and u n ru ly

* M a r ia n a , I b id — L ib . s . C i p . 3.

w o n i a i ) , w h o s e i z e d i t j x i n t l i o ^ o v o m m c n t . A < * r u f l

a n d i l e ^ ^ t r n e t i v c w a r f o l l o w 'e d b e t w e e u t h e t w o k i u ^ >

d o n i s ; a u d e v e u t u a i l y t h c C a » t i l i a T i s > w e a r i e d o u t

w i t h t h e ( Q u e e n ’s l u i s c o u d u c t , c h o s e h e r » o n , a f t c r >

w a r d s A l o n z o V I I . a y t b e i r f t o v e r e i g u , f t i i d s h e w a» ;

o b U ^ c n l t o r e t i r e o n a p c n s l o o . T b c K C e a l a m i t i c e

a r o s e o u t o f t l i c ^ u c c e s s i o o d e v o l v i n g u p o u a f c u t a l e

a n d t h e h e i r c « « i n a r r j l n ^ a f o r e i g n P r i n c c , o f w h i r - b

( b c L e o n e s c a n d C a s t U i a u s c v i u c c d t h e u S D i o s t a b -

b o r r e h c e . T h e s e t w o c a n c s o f f e u d a l e s í i i l i e r í t i u g t b e

C r o w n , b r i n ^ u s t o t h e b e ^ l n n i n ^ o f t h e 1 5 t b

• • e n t u r y .

O u t h c d e m i s e o f A b m z u V J I I . i a I 2 l 4 > b c w a s

s a e c c c d c d b y h i s s o n H c o r y L , a t t b e t e n d e r u f

e l e v e n y e a r ? . T J j e v o u u i ; k i n g ; '» m o t h e r i o o k c h a r g e

o f t h c g o v e r n m e n t a n d a l ^ e r w a r d s d i e d , l e a v

i n g h e r d a u g h t e r , D o ñ a n e r e n g u c l a ^ Q u e e n o f L e o n ,

{ a l t b o u g b s e p a r a t e d f r o m h e r b u s b a n d ) R e g e o t o f

t b e K t u g d o m a u d g a a r d i a n o f h e r y o u u g b r o t h e r .

S h e i s d e i j ^ r i b e d a s a w o m a n o f H t r o o g m i o d u n < l

p r r s » « e s s e d o f m a u y v i r t u e j i . T h e p o w e r f u l f a i a i l y o f t h e

f . a r a s , h o w e v e r , d i s p u s s c s s c d t h e R e c e n t o f t h e g o *

v c r o m e n t , a n d , r c t ^ o i n g H e n i ^ I n t l i e i r j w w c r , m u d e

w a r i i p o n h e r . O n t h e O t b o f J u n e , 1 2 1 7 , a t i l e ,

f a l l i n g f r o m t b e r o o f o f a b o u s e , k i l l e d t h e y o i m g

k i n f f , w h c D a f r e s h d i k m m a a r o s e . D o n K c r i q u e , ' ’

s a y s M a r i a n a , ” b n d t w o s l i t t e r s o l d e r t h a n l i i m s e l f ,

D o n a B l a n c a , m a r r i e d t o K l n ^ L o n i s o f F r a n c c , u n d

D o ñ a D e r e u g u c l a t o D o n A l o n z o K i n g o f L c o d , b y

w h o m x h e b a d f o u r c h i l d i^ e n , P o n F e r n a n d o , D o n

A I o q z o , D o ñ a C o n s t a u 9 a a n d D o n a H e r e n g n e l a .

D o n a B l a n e d h a d t l i e a d v a n t a g e i n a g e , b e i u g o l d e r

t h a n b e r s i s t e r , a o d i t a p p e a r e d j i i s t t l m r s h e s h o u l d

guc'ceed to Ihc klogdom oT her deceased b ro ther, if the ri(rht o f govem iitg w ere alw&yg regnlated b y the laws and tbe B<yoks of Jurii^ts, and n o t ra th e r by Ibe will o f th e peo(ile> forcct combinatioo9> an d the good fortu tie o f p re tenders, a s happened in th is

N um bers shortly flocked to the spot w here the Queeu wa;», to deliberate upon th is po iut, when it w&s revoked , by com m on oceord, aud w ithout m aking auy m cutloo o f D oña RlanoH, th a t th e kingdom an d rrow n should be g iren to D oña B ereugucla. The people abhorred, as ic usually happens, th e go> vcrnmeuc o f foreigners, and were besides a f rú d th a t if CastUe w ere e re r jo ined to F rauce, disturhauees and lu juries w ould ensue ."* T h e Queen im ntedi- atcly renouQCcd the Crown, w hich she never wore, in fa rou r o f her sou, afterw ords Fcrdin&ud 111.

These th ree cases, w hich ow iurred previous to the torm atiou o f Alonzo’s Code, do n o t shew th a t the piinciple o f h e red ita ry rig h t was w ell understood, or th a t the law o f royal desccuCs was p roperly set* tied, a t th e several perioi^s to w!iich th ey r e fe r Kot one o f the fem ales above m entioned ascended the throne by atricC ioheritance, n o r w ithout th e ex> press sanction o f the leading m en o f the com m on- weiütlt. I 'h e flrsC becam e the lustrum eut o f a com> promise, aiiuilar to th a t which in o u r ea rly annaLs took place between S tephen de Blois aud Che Em press M aude. Tlte second was appointed »uecessor to the crow n by h e r own fa ther, con trary to the wishes o f th e nobles aud th e iut>erest9 o f the realm . She proved h erse lf tbe inost abandoned o f woinen>

• l U d — I t i i d — c ^ .

H

M fh c Spauiftli O hroD iclcrs o l tho se tim es eonfets, ûnH, a f te r p lu n ;ô ii^ h e r rou iitr^ ' in to m any l*€s, coded a w re tch ed c x is ten c is o eç lcc ted aud oon tcm ned, 'l*hia is a m ost om inous ta s e , a n d p e r - îmj»s QuecD C h ris tin a 's a* lrocate w o u ld h av e done b e tte r to o m it it . T b e th ird p re sen ts a p reced en t, foQüdcd so le ly npou expéd ie ocy , a jid io d ire c t oppos itio n to t l ie p rtu c ip le o f h e re d ita ry ri;'}!!, as p ra c tised in a o e ie a t tim es, w h eo ev cr m otives o f h igh im p o rta tir« did n o t o p e ra te to p rev en t it-

T b e exaiD ples q u o ted serv e lo shew , th a t w'hen- e\*er th e king; w as le ft w itliou t m ale isvue an d there wa?« a like lihood o f a iV ioecss succecd ing , w h e th e r iu r ^ o n o r CaFtile, tb e in h a b ita n ts a lw ays d readed th e coDsequeoceM. I t w hs th e p re lu d e t " a foreign doiiiiriian , w h ieh th c y h e ld in ab h o rrcn ec . T he avow al o f th is fee llug >vas o o t in th e le a s t (;oricealed b y th e e a rly C h ro u itle rs whttin M aH una foHowed. O pen resistam ie wais in som e in tta n e e s re so rted to , an d p roved ^ r a t l y ca lam ito u s . F a ta l ex jjerience an d tb e saute f e e ) i n s u g g e s t e d to A lonzo I . o f P o r tu g a l, th c ex p ed ieaey o f a lte r iu g th e L aw o f Suc- ccssioo a t h is f irs t C o rte -, he ld in 1143. w h en i t w as e tiac ted th a t , in case Ih e k in g 's d a u g h te r shou ld in - ÎK’r i t , in defau lt o f m ale issue, “ sh e w as to Ttiarry Tio t)th e r th a u a P o rtu g u e se N ob le ; a n d ,” add? the S ta tu te , “ i t sh a ll fo r ev er b e the law th a t thc K in g ’s e ld e s t d a u g h te r sh a ll ra k e a hu^baod from P o r tu g a l, in o rd e r th a t th e k i o ^ o m m ay o o t com e to s tra n ^ e rii; a n d i f &he shonh) m a rrv a for^igo l^ in c e , sh e sh a ll n o t b e Q u een s bccause w e w ish tb a t o u r k ingdom m ay n e v e r go o u t o f th e hands o f P o rtu g u ese w ho, b y th e ir g a lla u lry , m ad e u s K ing,

<

wUhoiit for«iifu a id , ftud b y th e i r fo r titu d e atiil th e ir Wc*o«l." P h ilip \ ' - fo llow ed th is ju d ic io u s an d «pi- l i le d fx am p le . Iu h is m odificaiion o f th c o ld L aw ot* Succcsslun, h e I 'o n sn lted th e b e s t in te rc s t i o f th e co u n try , p a id a d u e deference t o th c lau d ab le p re jud ices o f its in h a b ita n ts , au d , bey o n d d o u b t, re - « iv c d th c c o rd ia l th a n k s o f t1»e g re a t m ajorivy o f tbe n a tio n : und a lth o u g h th e re m ig h t h av e beeu som e d isseo tien ts a t c o u r t th e n , a s th e re a re now , m ore unaitliu ity could scarce ly b c req u ired to ju s tify th is p M ticu ia r a c t o f t l ie F o u u d c r o f th e B ourhou dynnsty in Spaiu.

Sufficient p ro o fs luiTe a lread y b een adduced Ut shew» th a t up to th c t i m e o f A J o d x o th c W ise , ^ re a l coufusion p rev a iled in tb e ap p lica tio n o f th e ru le o f roya l descen ts. T h i ? , i t in p resu m ab le , g av e r i s e to th e O rd lnauce , so o lten quo ted , o f tb e PartUJas, in som e resp cc ts re se iu b ilu g th e S tatw te 23 o f o u r II«*nry V II I . C ap. 12 . T h is S ta tu te , i t Tpill b e re m em bered , re c ite s th e mlirehicfi* w hich h av e , aud uiay ensue , tro u i «iisputed t i t le s , “ because n o p e r - fi^ct and su b stan tia l p ro v ision b ad been m ad e b y law coiM v n n n j ' th e S u c c e ss io n /’ AU)DZo’s e n iu trn e n t cu t alls th e C row n upon m ales an d fem ales , lin ea lly d escen d ed ; b u t a tuo« t re m ark ab le b re a c h o f th is very ru le t w k [dace, even i t i tb e life tim e o f its founder. S an ch o , A lonzo’s seco n d w u , rebelled UKRiuit h is fa th e r , w ith Ib c iu le n tio n ot' excluding; tb e ehlldn*n o f b is e ld e r b ro th e r ileccosed, iu w hom tb e leg a l r ig h t b ey o n d d isp u te resided . V orm iu^ a siro tig p d r ty o f d isco n ten ted n o b les and o thers, b e convened C o rtes u t V a llad o lid , iu 1281, u n d er th e p re te x t o f estab li«h itig a p rovisloual gOTcrom ent,

r t 2

a t th e very tim e th a t h ia fa th e r tv*a«i holiliug tUem a t T oledo , ¡d o rd e r to sec b o w b e could re s tra in tbe iiT egu la rilies o f hU w n , w ith o u t th e aw fu l a lte ro a - tiv c o f rocuiT itig to armsi.* S aneho an d b is p a rty soon a fte rw ard s d e tliro n ed Ab>Dau, f irs t b y a public BCDlcnce, re a d in tb e ir ow n C ortce , a n d n e x t by m akiajp wav xjpon h im ; w lien A lonao w as rednced to emch sh ifts , tlm r he ac tu a lly ca lled iu tb e uid o f tb e K ia g o f M orocco , a u d b a d b is son cxeom m uui* c a te d b y th e P o p e . D y in g a t S ev ille , in A p ril, 1264, h e by w ill nam ed , first Alwnzo a n d n e x t FVr- iiaodo , Ih e c h ild rc a o f b is e ld e s t son , he irs to the k in g d o m , au d in case o f tb e ir dem ise w ith o u t issue, th e crow n waa to p ass to P h ilip o f F raufie , dcsceoded fro m tb e Hrincesw B lan ca . N o tw ilh s tau d in g th is exiJusioD , S aach o assum ed th e c row u au d re ta iu e d i t t i l l b is d e a th , in sp ite o f tb e ap p ea ls a n d efforts o f tb e le g a l co m p e tito rs . H is darinj^ t h I o u t su ited tbe m a rtia l ag e iu w hich b e Uvpd, an d tb is seem ingly overcam e tlie defects o f b is title .

T h is in s tan ce o f f la g ra n t u su rp a tio n affords ad d itio n a l te s tim o n y th a t , a t tl ie c a d o f th e 13th cen tu r y , th e sui’cession iu S p a in w as easily disturbed, l i t t le a t te n tio n b e in g p a id t o th e law in ten d ed to re g u la te it. A lonzo ’s C ode w as n o t iu fac t ob* »‘e rv ed , even in bia ow n bered itax y dou iin ions, u n til i t b a d been sa tic tioned an d pub lished by A lonzo X I., a t th e C o rtes o f A lcald do I le n a re s , in 134B; and tb is sanc tion w as a fte rw ard s coufirincd by H en ry 1!. a t th o se o f B u rgos, in 136/,

• M arian * , H in , G e t . d e E a p k j» , L i t . x i r . d p . ID.

T h e tw o rcniH 3inn; case« o f fem ales osccnding the tb ro n e , o ien tio iied b y th c VhrU tino pam phW t, a rc o f m ore n ioderu d a te , und in d isp u tab ly th e m ost im p o rta n t »6 re g a n U effcct, T h c accw sio ii «if Fei*di- o&od a o d IsabclL i, w h ich led t o th e uo lon o f thre«; Crowns, wa£ a uew e ra in tb e o u o a ls o f 8 p a io ; and the ev en ts h y w h tch i t w as fo llow ed, r ^ s e d th a t m ooarehy to a p itch o f g ra n d e u r , a s s ig n a l, a s i t was u n expec ted . T h c o b jec t o f th e se pajjes is how ever cou iiued CO th e m e r e le g a l q u e^ tign , an d , in p u rsa it o f th c tru th , i t becom es n ecessary to inqu ire w hechi'r Isa b e lla tb e C ath o lic , d a u g h te r o f J o h n II . and s is lc r o f H e n ry IV ., cam e to th e succession by s tr ic t h e re d ita ry r ig h t, a n d a s b e in g th e uudoubCcO Iteiress o f th c la s t possesso r o f th c C row o . In o rd e r lo shew w h e th e r Q u een C h ris tin a ’s advocates a re en titled to a l l th e beni>fit£ w hich th e y c la im from tbc p reced en t o f so llh is lr io n s a h e ro in e , i t is necessa ry to d iv es t th is casc o f a l l i t s daTsstling recom - m cndaliuns, a n d a^ieertain w h e th e r sh e ascendcd tb c th ro n e o f C astile b y a c l e ^ an d lud ispu tab ic rig lit o f ioheritH nee, tra o sm itte d to h e r iu successive o rd e r, lo n fo rm ab ly to th c p ro v is io u s o f A lo nso 's

in su p p o rt o f w h ieh h e r pow erfu l nam e is cltcd, F o r th is p u rp o se a few h is to rica l rcsearc^jc# 'v ill suffice.

H cu ry IV . o f CasLilc w as p ro c la im ed in th e y ear 1454. H e wa« n o t a p o p u la r p r in c e ; an d , altbouK h o f a s tro n g c o u s titu tio o and a n le o t te m p e r , b y oo w eans ca lcu la ted t o p e rfo rm tl ie orduoxxs d u tie s o f sovere ign , in th e difficult tim es iu w hicli h e lived. I poll th is p o in t th c S p an ish h is to r ia o s ai*c agreed . M arlao a g iv es a m in u te d esc rip tio n o f h is body aod

m in d , from w hich , and u th c r eq ua lly HUtbentic s o u n d s h is d cd iic ib k th a t his liubits w ere j>atcd, and b is p io p eu a itlc s nnditfuifie«J.* H is ir rc - ^ l a r l t i c s , i t m ay b e concluded , d im m ed Ib e lu stre o f bi» C row n an d d im in ished tlic s tre n g th o f his gO Tcram cnt. H jc sau ie bU to rw ii aev erih e less ae- ; ku o w lcd g e i, th a t H en ry w as strdD g ao d r»>bast, su ited fo r w a r an d fond o f th c ehn$e ; f lie a lso co a- \ fcsses, th a t h u d isjtositiou w a i k in d , h is m au n crs ; iou rlfio iis , an d th a t h e w as e lem en t in ?he e x tre m e 5 b u t y e t io d ise rim in a tc ly iiroC igal, varn lla tlag , change- V ab le a jid i d I c , a a d , ab«iTC a ll, u tifo rt ua a te i n h ii c boi<;e -I o f fa? tiu rile s , as w ell a s cocfideutg, “ T b is varied ^ c b a ra e t« r” adds tb e venerab le h is to rian , (uud h is y des(;riptioo w o u ld w ell befit a m ore m oderu niu- J k a a rc !i) w as th e c a u « lh a t , iu n o tim e w ere there 8 0 lu a n y d is tu rb an ces as in b is .” J T h e nobles and u if ln e n tia l p e rso as w hom h e co u ld n o t p lease , or a d e q u a te ly rew ard , becam e b h avow ed enem ies.

H e n ry espoused th e P o r tu g e s e l*riacess Jn a n a , a t a p e rio d w h c a h e w a s engaged in an ac tive w ar a g a in s t tb e M oors, iu w hlcb h e w as cncourjigod by tb e C o rte s o f C u e lla r 5 w bcre *‘ a li th e K sta te s of th c r e a lm ,” a s M a r ia n a says, th c h ig h e r, the m idd le , an d th c le s se r , c a c o u ra g ed cacb o th e r in ta k in g u p a rm s, an d caeb ouc, on I ts p a r t , ead ca- v o u re d to evince iU lo y a lty an d efforts o u b eh a lf of tb e uew k iu g .§ T lie cam p aig n ag a iu j't th e M om s o f G ra n a d a d rew to g e lb e r a n ijnm ense body o f w arrio rs , an d H en ry ’s m a rria g e w as ac tu a l!v solem -

• I b id , Ul>. i i i i . C V I f t , t I b id . IW d . • ib i d . Ib k l.

( IM Ü . Ib id .

ü\2e d am id st th e d in o f a rm s. T h e v e ry siege o f ih a t an c ien t b u lw ark u f M oo rish pvw «r, wa» how - ev'cr m em orable fo r a cousp lracy agu inst H en ry . H e w ished tu re p re ss p illag e , w h ich offended » o e d c

of his c h lc f m ilita ry le ad e rs , w h o e o u rtcd th e favour o f ib e lr b ra v e , b u t u n ru ly lem ons. T liia led to a d ism issal o f th e officere^, a n d th e ir tro o p s w ere se n t Into H 'iuter q u a rte rs t i l l th e n e x t sp rin g , w iien H en ry prom ised to renew th e siege.

T he nobles an d o th e r d isappo in ted perw us;, an tung whom w ere severa l dlgnit& ries o f th e e h u ic h , led ag a in s t H e n ry , even At a m o m en t w hen h e w as risk in g In» person to co o q u er th e M oor«, an o b jec t rea lly n a tio n a l iu tlio se ch iva lrous d a y s ; an d h e wa< thu s ca lled upon to q u e ll com m otions w itiiln his own te r r i to ry , w h ils t engaged in th a t im p o rta n t eu - te rp rU e. Ac c o u r t , a s p ir i t o f fav u u ritism . I t w ould seeiu, p rcvu iled , an d th e to n g u e o f seundal w a^ no t siill. I 'h e k in g p laced g re a t confidenec in h is mofor- d»ntOf B e ltra n d e la C ucva, an d h ad honoxircd h im by m an y env iab le d istin c tio n s. T h is nob lem an’s ac cess Co th e Q u eeu ’h a p a rtm e n ts , g av e rise to in ju ii- i>us re jio rts j an d , os M a ria n a observes, th e people, who a rc uiaufdly iuc llued to believe th e w u rst, aud sp a re n o one, in te rp re te d th e se p rc fc ren ecs in th e m ost un favourab le s e n s e ; som e even beeam e p e rsuaded, th a t th e k iu g k n ew an d consen ted to liis visit«, in o rd e r to eon eea l h i^ owu itu(M>tency, an in credible di&rgfi an d a ffron t. I t m a y b e suftpecte<i,'’ adds M a ria n a , “ th a t g r e a t p a r t o f th is fab le w as ^ r g e d in fav o u r o f F erd liiaud an d Isa b e lla , w ith a view tu p ro m o te fh e ir fu tu re in tc re s ls an d i t i'<

ibiit—Ibid.

lo be hoped th a t th c la s t y e a rs ot' F c rd in a jiJ V II .’s re i^ o , w ill fiud a n eq u a lly co n s id e ra te an d uonBcicu> tio u s h is to rian .

T b e in flu en tia l p e rso m , d isp leased w ith D en ry , e n te re d in to a leag u e to su p p o rt Ins b ro th e r l>ou A lonso an d a fte rw ard s b is suitor tsaboJ, to th e dp tri- m e a t o f h is d a u g h te r J u a n a , b o ro a t th e com m encem e n t o f M 62, “ w h e n a H tb e E s ta te s ot* th c realm to o k th e o a th to h e r , as Princc:;s an d H eiress o f C astile : a g re a t m isfo rtu n e ,'’ ad d s M o rio aa , to have iiitro d u ced to th e ro y a l &u(:i*ettsion, o n e >vhoLn tb e com m on peop le w ere persun tied w m n o t leg a lly b eg o tten .” * T h e co n sp iracy d ce la rcd i ts e lf <igain«6

H eu ry , an d , as tb e sam e a u th o r ad m its , w as “ the o rig in a n d cause o f a m o s t d reudfu l teu ip ea t, w hich lo n g d eso la ted th e w ho le o f S p a in .” t 'ITic ain» o f th is p a r ty w a? , to c ic lu d e Die H rincess J u a n a , and call th e In fan te D . A lonzo th e tliro n e . O n one occasion tlie ( in s p ir a to r s w eu t so fa r a s to a tte m p t to s c iïe tb c k in g ’s p e rso n , by e n te r in g th e p a lacc w ith an a rm e d force. T b e p ro je c t fa iled , b u t his th o u g h tle s^n ess an d w a n t o f re so lu tio n increased th e au d ac ity ol* b is enem ies. H is w hole a tten tio n seem ed d ev o ted to th e e x te rn a l w a rs w h ieh h e cont in u e d to w ajfe, th u s en tire ly n eg lec tin g th e in te rn a i co p c« m s o f h is own k ingdom .

T h e reb e llio u s nob les, re ta in in g in th e ir possession tb c in fa n te 1). A lonzo , p ro ceed ed to ra is e an a rm y , w ith th e in te n tio n o f open ly opposing H en ry . A t A vila , th e y cau scd iii« effigy, d re ssed in th e roya l robe«, e n th ro n ed , and w ith a e ro n 'n u p o n i ls b ead

• llnd. I.ib. xaUi . C*ii. 4. t tbiil. IbW, ta p . 7.

an d B scep tre l a i ts b an d , to b c iilaced upon a w ooden p la tfo rm j a u d , a ñ e r » trípp iog íc o f a ll thc royal iaüígDia, h u r le d i t to tb e dui^t. T b e y a f tc i- w arda b ro u g h t tb e In fan te D o n A lonzo upou th e p la tfo rm , w hen tb e nol>les, ra is in g b ita upon theh* ijhoulders, p ro d a im e d b im K in a: o f Ca»>tile; uofurl* in g a t th e saitie tÍTne tb e ro y a l s ta n d a rd . S everal o f Cbc p r in c ip a l tow na jo in e d th e re b e ls , a n d a civil w a r »oon ra g e d w ith th e u tm o s t fu ry . T lte b a ttle o f O lm edo en su ed , in w h id j b o th p a r tie s fo n g h t u u d e r til« m o st i r r i ta te d feelings. A v ic to ry co u ld n o t be claim cd b y e i th e r ; au d n ig h t co m in g o u , th e y severa lly resu m ed th e ir p rev io u s positions. A lonzoj who iiud Aed to th e K in g , re jo in ed th c N obles, au d a f te r thc ca jitu re o f S egov ia by th e reb e ls , t l ie P iiu cess Xsabel espoused h is cause.

So m ucli wa» H en ry eveuluaJly re d u re d , au d so lau ien tab le w as th c s itu a tio n o f h is re a lu i, th a t h e deeiueU i t e x p e d ie n t to subm it to tb e hnm ilia titig conditions p roposed b y ibc c o u fe d e ra te s ; b u t soon afterward}« th e In fan t« D on A lonzo sad d eu iy died . Tliis ev en t, fo r tb e tnom eu t, w eak en ed tb e p a r ty o f th e reb e ls , an d severa l o f tb e p n n c ip a l c ities h e ld by them re tu rn e d to t l ie i r a lleg ianne . I t w as bow> ev er ev iden t th a t th e k iu g eould n o t re s to re trau '- q u U lity ; w h ils t iit tb e sam e tiu ie th e co u sp ira to rs appeared to o deep ly im p lica ted to recede. T liey th e re fo re cau sed th e P rin cess Isabel t o b c b ro n g b t to A vila , tb e ir h ead q u arte r« , an d th e re oftvred h er the C row n, w h ich th e A rchb ishop o f T o led o ur^jed b c r to accep t. S he bero i(;a ily dec lin ed tb e o lfc r ; p ro te s tin g th a t »be w ould u e v c r eou^ent to be Q ueen , so lo n g as h e r b n » th e r Ilen v y lived. T he

conspirftlow w ere bo tli su rp rise d an<] p e rp lex ed a t th is refusul. W e a rie d o u t witU a lo n g w a r , and d oub ly d iaappoiu tcd io th e ir hopes, tb e y se n t overtu re s to H en ry , s tip u la tin g fo r an am n esty , a s the f irs t cond itio n , an d D c x t t l ia t th e P r ln re s s Isabel sh o u ld b e accep ted a s H eiress o f th e re a lm . On th e se te rm s , th e N obles an d th e ir ad h e ren ts offered to la y dow n th e ir a rn is an d d e liv e r u p th e s tiv n g h o ld s I d th e ir possessiou. A tm o e «vas concluded, a n d these co n d itions a fte rw ard s accep ted b y the Kiuff.

>

m

( ’ H A P . V I I I .

CÚTtOTw¿<m«j w hich to ihe ac tea io n <tf Im h e lla —• P r ^ u d ic e f a g a im t ihe Prince$$ J>uma— t íe r r ig h t a ííe r itd b y the K in g o f P o r tu g a l— Z/e kiimiUs Spain-^LsaheU a's accession no p r o o f v f hereditary r ig h t. P h ilip V . cfymfulied the inU re iis a n d pre-

judice.f o f the S pan iards. T o th is law h 'erdinatid V I I . owed Ms crown— Arre*sion o f ChnrU i i l l . — iJ i» aáhe*ifín to P h ilip s la\n— Caê o f D o n Lxds—• Charles I l l ' s fa m i ly p o l i c y ^ A s in g u la r emis&hn in the law o f P h ilip V . A n r ie n t usage opposed lo fe m ó le íMívesííon— F rench in tr ig u e io d e fm t P h ilip 's law — D iscovered a n d d tn o u n ied b y M r. P itt-^ C h a r le s I V '* m otive in 1“8 9 f o r tv ish i»g io a lter P h ilip ’s law — the a ffa ir qunshed a n d the papers re la tin g io t í secreted.

I»^ u £ oampr(»mi^c becvreeu King; H e n ry a n d b i tu rb u le n t N ob les, p rcee iled a» i t w a s by th e death o f th e I n ^ n te D . A lonzo , th u s beeam e th e basi:« o f Û» a rra u g c m eu t, w l.lch ev en tu a lly p la i'ed th e P rio -

Isab e lla upon th e tliro u e . A m a n ’iHê wan a fte rw ard s eo u ecrted betw een h er ûud FerdÎDfind o f AraôQ, w beu U w as a g re e d th a t t! ie Icintrdom o f C astile shou ld devulve Aipun b e r , a t tb e d ea th o f H en ry bui: th a t h e r h u sband w as Co have nu ëb are w hatsoever in th e ad m m lsira tlo ii, n o r iu ie r le re w ith

th c establiflhed law's. T liis sc ttlc m c u t w a s evidently fo rced npon H eiiry , a n d h e ag reed to i t o n ly in tlie h o p e o f re s to r in g jw ace . H e n c rc rth c lea s c lu n g to h h d au g litc r Ju a n o , an d pruposaL^ h a r in g bceu m ad e to affiance h e r to th c D u k e dc B e n i , the k in g an d queen to o k au o a th th a t sh e w as tk c ir l e ^ t i iu a te d au g h te r , an d h o m a ^ w is done to h e r b y t?ie g ra n d e e s , a s he iress o f th e rea lm . T h u itiar- r la g e w as how e v e r a fte rw ard s b ro k en «fl‘, F crd i- tian d an d Isab e lla had , in th e m ean w h ile , fo rm ed a p a r ty o f Ih e ir ow n, au d ac ted io o p en dofianee o f th e k in g , h av in g eboaen Ih e a rch b ish o p o f T oledo as th e ir fidviser. S ev era l o f th e p rin c ip a l to w n s d e c la re d fo r th em , w h en th e m aleeoD tcuts flocked lo th e ir b tan d ard an d w ere a rra y e d io m a r tia l o rder. A u o th e r d \ i l w a r w&.<< o n th e eve o f b re a k in g o u t, and p rev en ted only b y a rcconcili& lion, d ex te ro u s ly m an ag ed , bpiw ecn th e P rin cess Isa b e lla a n d h e r b ro th e r, ivben th e fo rm er u rg ed to b e fo rm ally ackoow ledgw i heiress o f th e k in g d o m by th e E s ta te s o f th e rea lm .*

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* T l i i« r« c o B d i lU io i i w a s c f f e r tN l E n o u g h ü iv Ín » (n iio « D U in t7 o f «s

A a d rc * d e C a b r e r a , v n e o f th i : K i a s 's c u n £ d a o M . u k I a jikan w f M k i t t .

H e t l i e c o n d u c t w f th is 61«r<(ui-M d e V ü l n » , J i i a a 4 * P a r h u v ,

w h o , ] te » 4 0 n c r í A t i a g t k e c o u n t ry t u i i i i o v n ■ •p ir in x

a v ir irk n ii« r w v K . M a r ia n a q u o a : s i h r s p e e r h a d d r e s s e d b y C a b r e r a Ui

t h e K in g o n ( b i i o c r j s i o n . i a w h ic b b v a d e ia c a k » in r a ü i f r t o b ^ a d to

p o b l tc { q n o iu n , t l u n Ü iw t r t 11. T l ie i t t e e t b s b c t w f f n i h e b r o t h e r a n d

B K M r lo o k p la c e a t S ^ o v l a •, »m i Ih ^ * tw g c tb c r i a p v b l tc , a t t l u ^

(M o a ii 'a e e a i^ M u f H 7 4 . l»<4bclbi p u r s d n l (b « s t r e e t s o n Lor^t^lM ck, ‘ *

tU « KiDK b lo i» « lf b u ld i a ÿ L « r b H d )e , a* » t o t i i o a n y o f ifac b w iw g r l a ^

w h ic h h e l i e H L ^ r ; a p r o o f , a a M a r ia n i t u b s c r r« « , o f b i« m c u a ita n c * ; <v

o f d i t p o a l H o x O u tak iiiK le a » e , iM tb e lla rv c n B o « * D ^ rd h e r a O ï l r » to

I l i a i b u i r u m v e d b o o th e r a o ^ w e r t h a n , cb a t * ' b e nt>ulO k c w b M %

w u to b e d o D c ." ^

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l l i i i P riuccss J u a n a w as a f te rw a rd s b e tro ih c d to tLe K ing o f P o r tu g a l. H e n ry d ied on th e l l t b of D cc^iubcr, 1 4 /4 , a l te r a ioQ ^ re ig n . H e m ade no w ill; b a t b e in g a sk e d w ho w as t o be iiU s u e c e ^ o r , h e answ ered— ray d a u g h te r J i i a o a ; ” an d in h e r r l |;h t tb e K in g o f P o r tu g a l a fte rw ard s in vailed S pain , b u t w as defea ted a t T o ro , an d w ith d rew .*

T liese p a r tic u la rs , derived from M a ria n a , convey a p re tty a c c u ra tc id e a o f th e convu lsed s ta te o f S pain , a t th a t p e rio d s an d i t w ill b e read ily cou- eluded th a t , i d th o se tim e s , th e law o f sucecsM on, as it s to o d reco rd ed in tl ie S ta tu te B o o k , w as no t rig;idly olwaerved. T b e IM n cess J u a n a h a d been ac^knawlcdged as beires» n f th e e ro w n , an d n o im peachm ent in v a lid a ted h e r r ig h t . A s tro n g p o p u la r p re jud ice how ever p reva iled againbt h e r , o n accoun t o f b e r m o th e r , au d i t a c tu a lly ap p eared th a t Spalei w ould n o t r c m u n tra n q u il u n d e r h e r dom inion. The voice o f th c c o u n try w as fo r Isa b e lla , a w om an o f g r e a t sk ill, pm deu<;e, an d c o u ra g e ; w h o knew how to lu rn th c c u ire n t o f p ub lic opinion to b c r

* A lo n s o V , o f P o i l i jg k l ( '■prvow d t h e A l i s e '>( > 1« n t c r c ■ o d b c -

i i u ih e d w lfe , t h e P r t v n 's s J u d iM , » f w a h l r l o t b e

b Ú K r H e n r ? , e a iv r b i« S p * ia » i ( h e b e s J o f I M M la A u itry » » d ¿OOO

H * » d t a n c r d ú it4) E s i r e n a ' l i m « o d b t r i i ^ r«aci)e<l C ta c e n r i i ,

)iU E n » trU g^ w iü ) t l i e P r liiM a « J d s m w m é o le m B ¡* e d , b n t s m c o a -

«ui&iDkiM l, 1q coii»e< |ocD cc o f i u b e l j^ ; o e c « iW '} ' u> w ú i f o r a Pai>al

O i« |> « iA iÍo it, t h c o f <roni*ansiitBÍi7 b c tw c e o t) ie ¡ « r t i c * b c in c

oe& r. T l ie y w e r « ) io iv « \e r r r o m t c d , « a d i>to r m i t l i t a u d i r d v f

C k f tü k h a U w d b e f o r e i b e o . T b u P u r to s a « * ^ f o r c é w >u t i 1 e n |l h

i u r i w u l t o 3 0 ,0 0 0 m f « i t r > u d 1 0 .0 0 0 b u n e . b r jim c tiO B i>f Ib e

IM dccm *! (« riis& ns. A lo o íf) lo o k T o ro « u d /* m « r » . F e rá ln an H t f » « -

w « rd » T r io o k 7Aaon » o d d c l e a te d U ir P u r t t« o e ? e ¡n xi»f lu e iM r f tb lf

hatüe « f 'r o r » , » h e i i soon » í i í r w » ) J»

OTTn ndântAjê, an d ttIio rnoreovcr upheld by a pow erfu l a ll janee, an d by th e g re a t body o f the noblps, w lm h a d de<'Jnr(^d in Ih t fav o u r. S bc thuH oseeoded Ibe th ro n e u n d e r th e m o st f la tte r in g aiis- ptf'fB. .Speakitig o f tiiis »^veol, ao d co u g ra tiila tin g h is eo u n try u p o n i t , M arian a oh^ trves, “ tb a t Ibia wa» th e co iinueneem ent o f a new “u<*ccssum— a line o f g re a t an d dÍHlÍa?aÍshed Krincc«. O f th e rig h t upon w h ieh i t wax fouuded , doub ts n e r e a t th a t tim e e n te r ta in e d ; b a t ,” adds h e , th e advantages theD ceforw ards g a in ed b y v a lo u r, w ere unqucBtion- ab ly s ig n a l an d roost bi^neficial.” *

N o tw ith Atan d in g h e r e x a lte d > irtu es an d hero ic deeds, tb e case » f l>iaheila th e C ath o lic , eaouo t (here fo re b e a lleged , e i th e r a s n p ro o f o f tb e ju s t and s tr if 't obêrvan(« o f A looxo 's L a \r , o r a pre- ci^tlent to 8Íiew t l ia t th is d istingu inhed Prince^^í» as- ecnded h e r b ro th e r ’s th ro n e b y h e re d ita ry r ig i i t . In m a tte rs o f th is serious an d a b s tra c t ch arac ttir, a rg u m en ts founded u p o n c x p td ie n ( y <*annot b e a iln iittcd j an d onv w ould have th o u g h t th a t, fo r obvious re a - V SODS, Q iiecn C h ris tin a 's advoeates o u g h t to have v en d eav o u red to av o id an y a llu a iu n to th e u n fu rtU 'D a t e i rc id e n ts w hich o c eu rrcd d u rin g th e re ig n o f H en ry IV ., and w hich iu re a lity le d lo a ehangc of d y n asty . I t is liow ever a i-nrious f a r t , th a t th e . A raifoncse p re ten d ed th a t th e C row n o f C astile fell ^ ti) J u h n , K iu g o f A rag o n , F c rd h ia o d 's fa th e r , iie b e in g th e o ldest o f th e leg itim a te l in e ; a n o th e r p ro o f t l ia t , e re n iu th o se u to re m o d em tim es, t!ie prin*‘•Ipie o f h e re d ita ry r ig h t w as n o t very p ro p e rly uu-

* {bid—Lib, ssir, C*y. i.

i

\ t

«ïorslood, notw H IistanU ing tber« w ere exam p les on reciird o f fem ales baT tiig ast^cndcd th c t l ira n e u f C astile.* 'H iis question arowe, w h en F erd inand jo ined h is 5pousc a t SegoTia, w here sh e h a d bee» proelainicfl i d h e r ow u rig ;h t; an d objectiODS w ere s ta rte d b y th e C astilian s to h e r h u sb an d 's ta k in g an y p u l in th e g o v crn n ien t. T b is D i a t t e r w aa aftci*wardR aujtcab ly s e tt le d betw een F e rd in a n d an d h is w ife ; t h e p ow er w h ich th e K in g w a s to h o l d in Ca'^tilc being defined b y a solem n n g ree in eu t. T his is a m ore re c c u t p ro o f o f th c d re a d w hich tlie .Spaniards h a r e alw ays b a d o f s te a ti te râ co m in g to ru le over th e m ; a ea la iu ity t o w i n c h th e y w ere alw ays ex> (Kised, w bcD cvcr fem ales asceDded tb e ir th ro n e , w fjctber by r ig h t , c o n tra c t, o r clcclioD.

A fte r tlie invasio n u f th e Portugue54é b a d been repelled an d th e severa l p ro r in c fs pacifie<l, FrrO i- Dand an d Isab e lla r c m u n c d io pos^cseioD u f th e th ree k ingdom R an d tra n k n i t te d th em to th e ir d au g h te r J iiu n a , m a rr ie d to th c A rcb d ak e o f A iu tr ia , son o f tb e E m p ero r M a x iw iiia n , frou i w hom tb ey subsequently p a sse d to C h arles V , > h u t , how ev er g lo r io u s thi;^ TOOnarvh's r e i ^ i , an d how ever g re a t b is p o w er, h is accession ev en tua lly proved ca lam itous lo S p a in , an d involved tb a t co u n try iu cudles;s w ars. S pain w as in fac t sacrificed to h is p a rtia lity to r Ins h e red ltu ry dom inions. So ru in o u s did th e accession o f a n A astr ian fam ily p ro v e to the Spaniruyis, th a t , o u tb e d ea th o f C b a rk s I I . , as before n o ticed , th e y w ere jçla<î to h av e i t in th e ir pow er to in iro d u c e a n o th e r d y n a s ty ; an d from th e

• ih id — f b ld - - C a p . &.

f€\v p rccod ing liis to rica l sJcetchcs, i t w ill a p p w m an ifest, th a t th e f«««dcp (if th c d«w dynasty did e v e ry tilin g in h is pow er lo p ro m o te rfic ir tnxe aad p c rm a n e u t in te ree ts 5 »nd iu nothiDg; w as h e m ore s in ce re 5knd succe«»fui, th an in t!ip estab lish m en t o f a law , sjte(;jally fram ed to g u a rd aga itis t tb e very roDliiJifeTicy w hich h ad placed h im , a y o u n g e r b ranch o f th c U ourbon l ’am ily , on th e C astilian th ro n e . T h is w as th e o u ly m ean s o f g iv in g to a v a r ie ty o f ktng:dom ?, a t l e i i ^ h u n ited u n d e r one aceptro, a eU 'ar, p e rm a n e n t, an d un ifo rm la 'r , ad ap ted to the w an ts o l tb e c o u n try , an d o f d im in lsiiing , as f a r an poasiUli*, th c c h a ju ^ s o f a forelj^rjer’« h e re a fte r ru lin g in S p a in , th ro u g h an alliance w ith a female b ra n c h o f th c ro y a l fa m ily > an ev en t w hich, as a lre a d y seen , th c S p an ia rd s o f a ll a^ e s h av e d ep re c a te d a^ a n a tio n a l m is tu ri uiie,

T lijs law th e n , i t ap p e a rs , haa subsisted ev er srnw t)ie y e a r IJ 'IS , an d to i t F e rd in a n d V II . h im self ow ed th e possession o f th e ftpaniali th ro n e . P en li- D a n d \ I . , d y in g in 17Ó9 w ith o u t issue , th e Crown devolved upon C h arle s H I . , Ids h a lf b ro th e r and K in g o f N a p le s ; w h o , n o tw ith s tan d in g h e leane<l « 0

m u c h tow anlB fV ancc, th a t h e afte rw ard s jo in ed in th e f a m ily C om pact, w as a firm w pholder b o th o f th e 9[u rit a u d le t te r o f the law o f P h ilip V -, o f w hich th e re is a m crao rab ic ex am p le o u reco rd . C harles b a d a b ro th e r , n am ed f^uis, w ho e x p re ssed a w ish fo m a rry , Icav iug th e choice o f th e lad y to i^he K icg j b u t th e la t te r positive ly refused h is perm ission fo r h im to forni an allian<*c wish any m em ber o f a roya l fam ily . U n d e r d a te o f A p ril 24 , I 7 7 6 , C h arle s issued L e tte rs P a te n t , se tt in g fo rth th a t, ** ex is tin g ein ;iiin-

^tance^ uoL all oaring tKc Infan til D un L u is , h is bro> th c r . to *ispoiisc a person equ*al t o hiinflcllj on acm n tit o f liU «iterated n u ib ; b u t ncvcrtbfili'ss w ishing to coDciliatR tlie w elfare ol* tb e S ta t« w ith th& m u r i a t e t o w hich th e sa id In fan te fe lt biniiielf csülcd by bU vocation , perm ission is l ie re b r g ran ted so h im to c o n tra c t a m a rria g e i r i th a p e rso n in ferio r in ra n k to b im self, ron fo rm ab ly to h is re q u e s t." T he lü fan le accord iog iy espoused D o n a M aria T h e resa de V a lla b rig a y R o x a s ; b u t sh e w as never allowed to reside a t co u rt.*

C b aríes’ o b jcc t in th is s in g u la r re fu sa l, w a s to avoid, as m u ch as poa«iblc, a ll fu tu re com petition fo r tbe th ro n e ; th e T t t y s p ir i t i a w hi^h P h ilip V . Iiad ac^ed. T h e re ia, liow cver, a n o th e r an d a m ore p a rticu la r reaso n assig n ed fu r th is co n d u rr to w ard s h is farotiicr. 'JTie M arques d e S an P h e lip e asse rts tba t, iu tb e law o f 17Í3 , I t wjts fu r th e r «enacted th a t no P rin c e could in h e r it , ‘‘ u u le ^ b o m a n d educated in S pain ; ” t b u t i t 1^ a m o st a ia y a la r c ircum stancc th a t n o prov ision o f th is k in d xr fo u n d iu th e A u to A cordo ih , v ide A ppend ix F . T lia t th is w as a p o in t a t th e t im e a g re e d upon, th e re is ev e ry reaso n to belierc ; au<i y e t w h y th e prov ision w as n o t in tro duced in to th e o rig in a l en a c ttn e n t, is n o t exp la ined . S an P h ilipc , sp eak in g o f th e p jissiag o f th e new Law ,

* H e r eldest son, L«U 4e Douibua, l*orn io 17?7, *r«.< &ftfrwar4s Aretibiibvp ofToin^o, becacK i twUttcal chanrcw darinK Kerfimaed'it ib«CTice in V n a t x . anO d ie d m l& iS - H is iw o » ii» e ra w v r m a r r ie d , o n e

th « Pp1i5ct o f P i « « , a n a »he w t c r t o »hp D u k e d c SiU i F e n u n d c r .

t O n c i r rH ^ s H A c U j c u n d k i o n < jof fu r» « {>*« H H no ipe D kcniu y

* ^ ^ 0 eD E # p a à a . L ib . s i p , , A fto d e 17l;S.

— “ ‘rh tí k iügdom s n e r e fitil! sisscmhled io the C ongress wliicfi th e K io g b o d ordei^eJ to b€ h e ld to Mine ii DO ü te R ecuu«4atiuns, w hen , a v u lio g bíinself o f t i l» opp o rtu n ity , h av in g a lre a d y tw o childrcQ and tb c Q ueeu b e in g fncein le , lie u n d erto o k , fo r the gi*eater q u ie tu d e o f iiis sub jec ts , ao d o u t o f reg ard fo r h is ow n isgu t, to a b r o ó t e th c law w bk h nMovcá fem ales to e n t^ r upon th e Succession, w hen o f b e lte r deg ree , b y g iv iog a p refe ren ec to loa ies, o f a traus- vcrfial l io e ,” T h c sam e liistoiiaD ih eu allu<let tu th e opposition w h ich th e dcw ]aw ex p erien ced ; b u f, ad d s h e , ** t)ie m o st w ise a n d po litic approved o f th e exp ed ien t, in o rd e r u o t to cx)>osc tb e {>eu]»Le to th e adm ission o f a f o re i^ i K ing , w h ib t there w e re y e t I*riocea o f th e b lood ro y a l in S p a in , di- rccQ y desocoded from P h ilip V .” *

CharleiQ 111. w tu , beyond <{oubt, a e tu a te d b y th« sam e »^irit as hi« an ces to r w ho fo im ded th e Boar* ixm d y n a s ty ip S p a io ; a n d o n stu d v io g b is policy a n d p e rh ap s io sp ee lin g h is p riv a te paper« , h e in all p rubab ility ibund reco rds sufficiently a u th e o tic to sliew , th a t i t h ad been de tc rm iued , as u f i ir th tf cavea¿, t i ia t a e lausc shou ld be in tro d u ced in to the new law , b a rr iu g (h e r ig h t o f p rinces o o t b o m aud edui'Ated in S pain . 'IIicim: is a a op in ion , arwi Ü>e a u th o r couuitiers i t h is d a ty to s ta te i t , pr«vai««6 am ong som e eo lish ten ed Spfin iards, th a t th is «'lause WHS uo t public ly in tro d u ced in to P h ilip ’s euactm cut.

* * 'L o e m ats s iü )in» y p o D líc o e k f ro b a b A a i l d H rtv n eA , (>or iw> c t:po i»er

k w X a d i a l t i f IW y r o , h ;)ykud> ; t r i o r i p n d e I»

R c k l e i( < |»e (1 lr« c u u u e e k tk w e « d t f » « o d e l ^ ) ) * e V ." — tk id .JbW.

a t the suggestion o f th e B rh is li ^ v e r n m c n t , le s t it m igh t w eaken th e r ig h t o f tb e D u k e o f Savoy, w ho was t o in h e r it , m ease H hillp V'.*s issue b e i^ tn e ex tinct.* I f th c In fa n te D o u L a is b a d m a rrie d a feznale, b is eq u a l in p o in t o f ra n k an d b ir tb j an d b ad ehildren, b o ru ao d ed u ca ted in S p a in , th e y lu i^ b t, aeeording to th c p rincip le above m ea tio u ed , a t «;ome tim e o r othpv, bave eo u ic s ted th e tb ro n e w ith tho se u f Cbarleii, a ll o f w bom w ere b o rn in N aples.

Xq w hatever lig b t P h ilip V .’s law m ay now bo considered, i t w as u n d oub ted ly en a e te d fo r landibic purposes, an d u n d e r th e m o st so lem n form s. I 'b e sp irit in w hich i t w as p assed , is a lso contu rm able to the genius an d c h a ra c te r o f th e S p an ish peop le . I t is tliercfore a delusion to p re ten d , th a t i t w ou ld be in aceord^ince w ith th c an o ien t co n stitu tio n , o r the in te rests o f th e co u n try , fo r th e d a u g h te r o f F e rd inand V II . l o in h e r it . T h e resp o n sab ility o f tliose wbo su p p o rt su ch a dclusiou is , in fa c t, m o st awful. F rom th c foundn lion o f th e m o n arch y u n til tu 'o pcn tu n e s a f te r th e tim e o f D on P elayo , u o fem ale ev er sa t upon th c th ro n e j n o r u th e re a n y r e s t i g e o f a law iu tb e ir beh a lf. M ales w e re a lw ays p re fe rred , possibly fro m tb c ir b e in g b e s t su ited fo r th c a rduous duties o f w a r ; an d rn o re th a n once d id an effem inate, OP u n fo rtu n a te p rince lo se h is crow n, an d w ith i t h is life, O ften w as che ú n e le p re fe rred to th e m iu o r o f an u n p o p u la r p a re n ts ^ tid a lth o u g h th e se a r e in stances, fro m w ideh n o th in g can a t th c p re sen t day

• Regardin« the ootiTv» whkh led *o tbe intro(lii‘'rioB of tbü ivuoe into v.'i l*w, Tide VM, 87.

i 2

b e dcduced , tb e y a r c uevcrthe lcss founU am ong tlie a n n a ls o f Spm n.

T h a t I 'o u n try w as excb isively g overned by till B e rm udo o f L eo a w as lc ( \ w ith o u t h so n ; and , a s a lread y shew n, rb c acccaaioa o f h is s is te r S aacha beoaiutf, n u t a m a tte r o f cho ice, b u t o f necessity ; au d as ne icb cr th e law o f u a tu re , th e provisions o f the F uerv J w g o , n o r th e prcjndicc* o f tb e age, fo rbade th e accc«$aion o f a fem ale, th e s<'icrifice \v&j* th e n m ade fo r a a o b jec t o f g re a te r m agn itude . This f irs t e x p e rim en t can n o t h o w ev er b e ta k e n as a stam lard» o r d?<Tned equlv tdcu t lo an c^tabUsbed ]&w; an d , in th e end , U proved ealam ltim a. A gain tb e scleeCioo o f )>ona (^ raca w as an exp ed ien t, if possible, s till m o re u n fo rtu n a te . T h e o th e r feioales, a lread y n am ed , ru le d , n o t iu th e ir ow n h e rcd ita jy r ig h t , b u t b y n ieao s o f a « o ttip ro in ise ; and when P)nllp V . p assed a Jaw, a lm o s t im peach ing , as ii w e re , tb e t i t le b y w hich h e h im se lf bail •-ome to the S pan ish th ro n e , and even dei^larlng th a t th e R cunn- r ia tin n » m ade in 1660, avow edly fo r th e genera! p eace o f E u ro p e an d w ith a v iew to b a r th e B ourbons, OQg^bt to be h e ld vaUd an d b ind ing , lie evineed h is siiir*^rity, au d perfo rm ed au a e t fo r w hich l^ng- b n d and h e r A llies o u g h t fo r ev er to have been g ra te fu l.

D u r in g Ihc la s t illn ess o f F e rd in an d V f., a s trong FreTu'li j>arty w as fo rm ed iu M ad rid fo defeat Philip V . 'r law , b y tru n s tc rr in p th e C row n fo Philip o f P a rm a . T h e traee« o f th is p lo t w ere d iscovered by th e B rU ish g o v e rn m e n t; an d so anx ious was onr re ig n in g m onan-h to p rev en t th e v io la tion o f a cvm- pa<;t, » 0 w hich ouc of liis p rcdcccssors b ad b een an

iuim edlatc p u rty , th a t b e JireiH ed Mi*. P itt to iiilonn S ir Jaldc& Grny, o u r luluistcr a t N aplc«, ©t* it- T his he d id , undwr d a te Deccmbei* 1, an d th e fa^’t w ai m ade koow n to Chai Ws o f N ap les an d h is Queen.® l1 p ie lias p roved , th a t th c B ritish p re m ie r 's la lb r- itiatiou, a lth o u g h im p crfee t an d o n ly acciden tally ub ta ioed , w&e A ubstaotially co rrec t. T h e M em oirs o f W . d 'A rgensoD , m in is te r o f fo re ign affairs u n d er Jvouis XV’. bo t pub lished t i l l 18:25, rev ea i th c re a l seorcts ol* tbe F reo ch policy p u rsu e d in I ta ly , in th e y**ars 1745-6 au d 7 , w h en Ib e C ab inet o f V e r sailles w ere anx ious t o d rive tb e A u strian s o u t o f Italy,*!* an d acq u a in t u s w ith the n a tn re o f th c p lan wlueh th e y su b seq u en tly b a il iu view to r Spain.

* T h » M u r t f) { » f t f i c c , s iA tB g Ic ccu l« ! a n lo n g e r c o u n t u p o » th e

td rs ta b lia h m rv C o f ih u lU u £ o i ? |r a l a > ))c » ]th , ¿ » h u , b e s i d e 8 ^ t

S A d)3 p o n iio a o f b o d f , u i a »OQi« i*ort d u w d c r c d ) l t a l a d ) b w r r -

«O B occd iQ e dc«iK9& U dd d « tlB $ i l i e i i l n ^ v f t h e q u e r a U d w h a t had

b e e n ii |iv B v d m s c u t b e d « M k o f t h a t p r io c c M . T o tb e « e U m

t e u t b e r d e i ig r i , r i ? . I t taikt b c i s i a a«{ iU tlo ti d i r v e w e e M , o r a i t io n tb ,

p r e c v d ia ; tb * 1 4 th o f N v v u i b e r , t i t e d a tp o f t h e m ic lU g v a c c , n> c o g S fe

(b e K m « w f K p tiu t u a b d ic a te a n d i v o l t t b e c r o w n In fa v o u r o f D(Mi

P U U p , U o n e v e r , ih if t p r o jc c t p rc v c o U n o t F r a o c e f r o a i tb e

X re«te«t u A f la ^ e to e n t to w a r d s t b v ou«kri o f t^ s fk W , i n o r d e r t o p«e

1 )0« C s r lo s , w th e y c a lJ b i o , i n tb e i r in t e r f f t t , i n csm ; b v s b o o ld ic u v n i

th e th r o n e v f S p « io . Lu a %OTd, t b c a f i i in i o f t b a t k in ifd u io to a k e tJte

c h i t f o b je c t o f t b e f t t te n t io u o f t h e v u u r^ v f V V m l« le « , a u d t h r r v w i l l

f v r y e b o r t i f ] ia |ip e n a ;^ rc» t cb«D £e I n S p A iv ." P i l l ' t e v u /U e n iia l

k J le r fv S ir J t m M C r e f .

t T b c in r i jo a c f o f F n a o e a t t h e e o « K o f T a r in ilr«t p iv e u n b ra fr« t«*

ABd c\-^nruaJly t h e p lo t w s f d iM o ecrcd . S f ^ k i j u « p v o thU

su b jec t, M , d 'A rfv n « o n a a k c i t b c & lk m iu ; « lo e o l« r^ iu a r l i» ; —

M . d e MAnr^ijias, pca«»^ d u d ^o k s i t e p u e r VE6l>S(nc, l o v t i t a a««u

P m r «c£QieB(er I 'a p u i» ;? d e D o n L c l>«c d e Ifueicar»te n o it d ^ V£»p«gBc la to p ic d e i m i t ^ , n> inr>Qeljiil to n s ou4 zoioiAtrM ,

W b eo th e euoru ious sacrlficcs m ad e b y Q i i c c d

A biic, to ca rry on th e w a r w hich etidcd in th e peace o f U trcch t, a rc d u ly c»n side red , th e lev ity w ith w h id i th e R rlttsh m i u ls te r o f th e d ay ha'« allow ed th e moBt essen tia l p a r t o f U to b e b ro ite a dow n, will a p p e a r u n accoun tab le . W h y C harles IV ., u tiiJe rthe d irc c tio u o f CouBt F lorldabtuD ca, m ad e so s i a ^ l a r a n e x p e rim en t, th a t a lread y exp la in ed , to leam th e fee liugs o f th e c o u n try re sp ec tin g th e cootlnu> an ce o f P h ilip V .’s law , h as n ev er b een w ell c leared u p .* I t is h o w ev er su rm ised , th a t w hen b e fe lt the p u lse o f th c B ishops a n ti th e C o rtes o f 1789, (and w h a t h e th e n d id can* b c CKllcd li ttle else) h e was app rehensive o f a dom estic ca lam ity . T b e Vrlnce o f A stnria* , a fte rw ard s F e rd in an d V II ., w hen a «;bild, n 'as o f f t w c r Ic c o n stitu tio n , an d tlie re w as sorae

n i b B C i ’o B t n ( I ^ T < ! • # jmi l ’£ » p a g * « . l A j o r v e c p c n d i a t

i e n t n r w U « B i 4 i c a t - j n h e u r , e a U o o a v n * !

d e ^ o l r > > ■ o l id i i r C D iC B t b o i i «» e t c o p r o c u & u t & D o n r h i l i p ) « * ■

pttrlnniBc Ubre et eootlHenblc; td qiepenftprte on n’k e i^ i 't kM g r c t t c r ? "

• I f C l ta r l M I V . h a d c t r r i o d b i s < I « s i |n I n e o n c c u t i r a , i t !» w o r e t b t a

p r w u w u W e i h i t h t w o i J d h u r e r « t n r f 4 t h c o l d h w •, b u t r i t b f t

e a a w d a n e w o o e h i h e a u u c i p l r i t , u d a c la p c e d t n Kbe c m ^ w B i T

a ^ n s t w b i c h h e p o r h a p i w u l i e d t o p r « % id e . 0 is} > u a» af(es » B d Vlo*

r i J a b l a f l c a w o u l d o c T u r b a r e b i o i i r t e o m n U »0 j ro B S a n m *

c o B i i i t e B f y - T1 » c M a ^ i o e « < le W o m t l r j a r , m h i # * ' H c n t o r i s i

A l 0 * t9 S i b i o , " o a t h e b t» 6 i H t ) ) o K i ) e * , p r c n « ,

W T id n i M d c « c B ^ i]a (iA B o f i b c L a w » o f P a n i i i t f c o B i a c B c e d f o u i f c a tn

a A e r rh » ( k i i i f 's a c ^ c w W a , c*«n«cqui'o*ly co frespoB < jlB g t o U 'c J’c**'

i 2 5 6 , a a d t b M ih » « C o d e w& » c o i a p f c t f d m » c ^ ^ a y » s r a . I t - .» o a ld b»**-'

h e « B a t i r i a s S t y i a d c e d , f o r * L a w cM U a * « t n o i e p erk»« l l o ^

W 9 l» e 4 l a ] ? 8 9 i b i r t i t w « « i ld b c a » t i l l j r e i t e r o b i> , t o t e c i t ^ a a d J B i

IB t h e T iM d crB C o < le , w i t b a » a p f r o b j t i o n , h i » r i * g t t c d * t e o i 1*3U

a p o B i i .

(Jgubt w b c lb c r St w ould bo possib le t<i rcai* him . F<ir th is rcasu u b e u ^ s se n t, a lio a t tb e perio d abuve lucutioncd, from M ad rid to Seville , to have tbe beuefit o f th e m o re te m p e ra te a i r o f pla<%. I t is wcU know » th a t th e tu fa n ta D o u a C a rlo ta , aft<.*r- Trards Q uocn o f F u rtu g a l, w a s th e ido l o f C ljarlcs IV ., a.s w ell a» o f b c r g ra o d fa th e r} ao d i t is su p posed tb a t b o th w ere desirous o f h e r sm -oecding to the S p an ish th ru u e , iu ease h e r b ro th e r d ied . I lu d thi« accident h ap p en ed , C h arles IV . w ould iu all p robability have caused th e p ro p o sed law to bo per> feeted, b y recorrin i? to tb e leg a l fo n n a lit ie s ; b u t w h e th e r th is id e a w as abaudoncd , in wiiseqxKHii K o f Ihe iu p fu v e iiie u t iu h is e ld e s t so u 's hcKlth, o r from b is ^row iuif hopes o f m ale iKsue iu th e p e rso n o f the Infante D o n CaJ-los, b o rn th e y e a r prev ious (17*^)» rem ains invo lved in m ystery .*

'I’he p ro je c t o f I “8 9 n o t hav ing been earritid iu to ^ c t » and th e h e a lth o f th e P riu c e o f A stu ria s being reestab lished) th e k in g ’s m o st an x io u s w ish th a t 1 10 tra ce s o f th e se n iy sterious a iid e x tra o rd in a ry tran sae tio n s sh o u ld b e le f t , w hich m ig h t ev er m eet tbe p u b lic eye. A ll th e reco rd s an d pap tirs con- oected w ith th e m , w e re accord iug ly iM>Ueeted and

• T lw I n t o t * D o 4 * C a iU /t* b o r a OU r t f W c h wf A p « il, 17 7 j ,

u i d I 'e r a ie a n d V l l . om »b« f 4 i h o i C k»oJ»er, 1 7 0 4 ; « b e T ^ lo i* * 8 w m

c o iu c q v e iu l r t h e c W a t o i ih « Tfty»! 6 i» U y - S h e » a s » w u u ia n o f « -

( r iu M ib 4 f r lA k a ta . W l ie a o n l ; i w r l r c y e a r« o ld , e t a p u b lk : e x a jn ia a -

t)r»a , bH« a s t u o u b e d th e n i n i i t e r » An>l m a o y l e i r n e d p ereo n *

liri> ieu i, h y h e r a& is ire m N H « i a a a d e # i a n d o»o<Ierft h a t n r y , i » w *U • »

in a o B e o f t h e a » « fg l H e r e p ia to lA rr »»yle *« 18 & t« ay s a d -

u u 'e d , 81 k h a d a i t t r o g g a i f r i a n d Iw li] e b a r a c R r ; aa

p ru < « d AO i« > e ra l v j i B S o c c m Im i , b o t h i u B ra z i l a n d I S j r t u ^ .

sea led np Id a pavlâge» w liich w as deposited in th e S c c re ta r j u f S ta te ’s office, w itb h isiT lp tion upon ii^ J ie se rv a fio a S u M ugeU ad— d eu o tio g th a t the coiiteota wcpc p u re ly pers(»nu), a n d re fe rrin g j-ololy to C h arles IV .* T h c C oun t d c CompomaDce was a u o fh e r jo s tru m e n t em ployeil in th is s in g u la r wlilin, an d h e se r rc d h is m a s te r 's iu tc rc s ts w ith th e m ost a rd e n t zea l. I t is believed tb a t even in tb c Curled o t’ 1 7 i^ j coriTened, a s a lread y s h e v o , fo r a mere co u rt ecrcm ooy , severa l m em bers ev iuced a g rea t i*t!piig;DaDOC a t b e io ^ m ade p a rtie s to u tra n sa iiio n ; w hich h ad th e sp p e a ra D c e a f deceiv ing tb e public, an d a rm io g th e K iog w itb a ] to n ^ r , o r r a th e r pru* T iding h im w ith aD c sc u sc , to abrog;atc a law c d *

te rc d ujK»n tb e S ta tu te B o o k , a n d w iiseq u en tly io fu ll fo rce an d T igoar an d i t is added , th a t ihe oath im posing silence w m , b y severa l deputies«, tak en w ith th c g re a te s t rc ln e ta o c e . T h e oppositio n yras how ever appeased , an d th e p u b lic saw , w ith some su rp rise , tb a t sev e ra l D ep u tie s re tu rn e d to th e ir proviiuês w ith officcs, p c D s i o n s , an d eveo ribauds, to w hieh th c y h ad oo p ub lic c la im . Ac a l l evcDts, th e paper'4 a llu d ed to , n i t h tb c o rig in a l iuscxiption upon th em , rem ained n u o p en ed fo r upw ard s of fo r ty yeu% , an d u n til i t w as th o u g h t th a t th e y could a n sw e r a p a il lc u la r purpo'ê. T hey w ere th en prf»- duced in th e m an n e r a lread y exp la in ed .

* Ti u rep o rted b f M m c Sp«n»»r(U, tlin>iili’ tu l l i n .

C H A P . I X .

T h t law vtsU ihe r ig h t o f the croxcn in D o n C a r lo t^ I n t r i ^ e s to th is Tight— Vi^wf: o f t h t OrUans F a m ily on ihe S p n n ish th ro M . F erd in a n d V I V x

f i r s t jf'/iff iluecrCs n ^ r e K m n io n t f o r h tr<iaugMtr‘9 m ccession— E n d ea vo u m to interest D on C arhs in support o f her view s— Iltrr overtieres in d ig n a n tly r ^ e ts le d ^ S in g u ia r negodalions np<m th is eonduct o f D o n Carlos.

B y v ir tu e o f P h ilip V .’s I.aw o f Suix^essiim, whipli excludes fem ales w heo malc!; c an bc h ad , th c crow n o f S pain , o n th c d ea th o f F erd in an d V II ., dftFolreO €0 in .ii/m ti u p o n h is h e ir , Che Aoves fa c tu s designated by th e co n s titu tio n a l se ttlem en ts an d fAai h e ir wa.*» un^ucstionab lT tUe In fau te D o n C arlos. Iu h tu i th e r ig h t o f sovere ig n ty bccam e Testod, tlie m om en t hi» e ld e r b ro th e r e x p ire d : to h im tlie c row n de* liceuded, ac<;ordiug to th c p rc d s e fo rm an d m an n er o rdained and de te rm ined in tlie A ule o f lim ita t io n s ; an d no m ere a c t o f th e la s t possessor could eliauge th e due co u rse o f th is descen t—-no ex c re ise o f the Isingly p re ro g a tiv e could a l te r th e estab lished to ti- ditiong o f th e e n ta il, an y m ore th a n am ong us \ th e re la tiv e positions o f Spfuu an d E n g lan d , in th is rc«pect, c lo se ly resem bling cach o ther,

'H ie fac t th a t th e n e x t m ale h e ir w as ca lled to thc

th ro n e b e in g inoun trovertib le , i t wUI ca&il; be im ag ined w b a t a d ag ra iie v iu la tlon o f a fundauiencal S ta tu te b as ta k e n p lacc , an d w b a t iium eusc in jnsticc h as b e c D commitCe^l a g a in s t th e r o f a l exiJe i o Por- ttig a l, w hom tb e S pan ish la^t' now d esigna tes as C harles V . T h a t in ju stice w as fu r th e r a ^ ra v a te d by th e n a tu re o f th e ex p ed ieu ts re so rte d to , in t>rder lo s tr ip h im o f h is b ir th r ig li t , a n d iifterw ards saerifire h im an d Ids eh ild rea to th e am bition o f b i s rival. Som e a t l u s i o D t o th e p re p a ra to ry iDtrig;uea carried o n iu tiie A indrid p a laec is, th e re fo re , ind ispensable .

In aU th e m a o s u v re s w hich p receded ao d fo llo w ed th e d e a th o f F e rd in an d V l l . , th e h an d o f tbe F rcn ch K in g \va!$ v isib le . O is ageo t» p ro jec ted the m a rria g e w ith P r iu r ts s C h ris tin a , a t a p e rio d w hen th e g re a t m a ju rity o f th e S p au ish p eo p le h ad , io r m an y y ears , lo o k ed up to th e In fan te D o u Carlos as th e ir fu tu re liovereigQ, an d h ad pr«m unni«d him deserv ing t)f the C astilian C row n. In th is in te r fe ren ce . th e view s o f tlie I 'a la in R oyal r^ b ln e t w ere perfec tly in te llig ib le . T iie O rlean s F am ily have lo n g h ad th e ir eye:^ n p o n th e Ih ro u e o f S p a iu , aud s iuce tb e ir accession to th a t o f th e B o u rb o n s, i t wa>« th e ir in te re s t t o ex ten d th e ir iuflueuce bey o n d the Pyrenee* . N o one could e^-er bay th a t L ou is I*hilipe is n o t b o th p ro riU cu t au d v i ly . T h e school iu w hich h e s tu d ied w ith m o st eftect, w as t h a t o f Louis X IV ., an d E u ro jie ha» n o t y e t le a ru t tl ie e x te u t of h is p roficiency. T herp w as how ever a n o th e r feeling th a t d irec ted h is a tte n tio u to w ard s S p iuu . O ne of h is an ces to rs p ro tes ted ag a in s t tb e W il l o f ChArlcs I I . , because h is nam e wa^ e x e lu d e i! ;* an d w hen

•VWc}w*c3y.

Pliiiip V ., ftnxioxis to conso lidate th c g ic a t w ork iu w hich h« haU jo io c d fo r th c pacificatiou o f E u ro p e und th e aUeviatiOD o f h is ow o su b jec ts , establi»^bcd a ocw o rd e r o f th u ) 0 io S{>mo> h e a lso oflcudcd the O rleaos ta m ilj.

A lthough ^ e a t s tre s s h as a lread y been la id upon Ih e so lem nities w h ich a tten d ed th c se ttlem en t o f th e S pan ish th ro u e , in 1/^3? »t »^ay b e p ro p e r to rem ind th e re a d e r th a t , b y P h ilip ’s dirf^ctions, all th e p a p e rs co n n ec ted w ith th c n eg o tia tio n s aC V trc c h t, w ere su b m itted to th c C o rtes , convened pnrpoaely to ta k e th e m in to eo n sidera tioo . O f th is m ee tin g i t is recorde4l, tb a t “ tb e sev e ra l po in ts hav ing b een d iscosscd , an d th e ir ol:^ecC found coo- fo rm ab lc to th e le t te rs o f convocation , to th e p ro - p o ^ l su b m itted b y H is M ajes ty , ao d a lso In s tr ic t accordanec w ith th e re p o rt la id b efo re th e H ouse b y th e S ec re ta ry , D . FVancisco Q aioones (tbe sam e th a t w a s re a d in th c K ing ’s p re sen ce a t th e C ouncil o f N o t . 9 , 1712) th e C o rtes foriniUly app roved o f an d confirm ed th e s c re ra l R en u n c ia tio n s, th e e x rlu - sion o f th e H o u se o f A u str ia , an d th e c a llin g o f th e D u k e o f S avoy to th e S uccession , b in d io g th e king* docQ to tb c lin n n ess an d va lid ity th e reo f, ; and o rd m n in g th e a b ro ra tio n o f a ll law s au d provisions to th c « o n lra ry ,” A greeab ly to th is re so lu tio n o f th e C o rtes , th e K in g issued bin co rresp o n d in g dec ree , d a te d M a rc h IS , 1713, o rd a in in g “ th a t tb c uew o rd e r o f »ucccssion shou ld b e fo r ev er kep t an d observed , n o tw ith s tan d in g tb e P a rtid u s L aw , and a li o th e r S ta tu te s an d swages to th c c o n tra ry , and no tw iih sta iid iug an y te s ta m e n ta ry d ispositions, o r ag reem en ts , m ade b y h is p red ecc iso rs , o r an y d c-

d a ra tio D m ade iu favour o f th e D u k e o f OrleaTis, h » cb ild re ti, an d tb e ir d escendan ts, ks g ratidson u f the lu fa ji ta D o ñ a A nua M au rice , la te Q ueeu o f F ra n c e ,’'?{c.* T h is w as Ü i»econd u n p a rd o o a b k otfencv.

T b e p re sc u t K in g o f th e F reo ch , w ell reincm bcr* in g th c l i ttle ra lu e se t upon ren u n c ia tio n s reg a rd in g tliR S pan ish tb ro tie b y hb< g re a t looOel, a t o n e tim e th o u g h t th a t th c ev en ts iu S p a in , w h ich follow ed /tb e invasion o f K ap o leo u , w uuld have been favour- *ab le to hi» F au iily claiut^, p ro te c te d as tb e y ^vere V b y a p ro te s t . In A u g ust, 18U8, h e accom panied P rltice L eopuld o f S ie ily tu C adiz, iu te u d io g to pro> ^ pose b im sc lf as a K cg ;cn t.t I d J810 , th e D u k e o f O rle a n s ag a in a tte m p te d to re u d e r h im se lf ¡»opular ÍD S pain f au d ap p lied to th e C ouncil o f K cgency tu r ra n k in th e p a tr io tic a n u v , «expressing a wi>«h **to .figh t iu dclcnce o f h is F am ily cau se ,” U n d e r dHte o f th e 4 th o f M an*b, io th a t yea r, th e P resiile iit Cos- ^ | ta ñ o s offered h im a com m aud iu tb e a rm y o f Cata>Ion ia , w here ,” h e added , “ th e m em ory is p re se rv e d ot* th e triu m p h s o b ta in ed by y o u r H ig h n c « ’ illu s tr io u s an cesto rs, an d to y o u i t n o w belongs to p rc s e ire th e frcshne&s o f th o se la u re ls .” F ig h tin g •was n o t, how ever, th e D«ike'» ob ject. H e h ad ft b l^ h c r m m , H is w ish w as, to o b ta in possession <»f th e S pau lsh g o /e rn m e iit, an d w ith th is view a p a r ty w as fo rm ed an d k e p t u p in C adiz, w h c rc h e was rep re se n te d aa tb e on ly reso u rce le ft to th e n a tio Q |—

* D w Q C h W r r k f r V i i k i f v H i , ■«»<* m u m ' O C w I a ü Í « X H ( ,

f Vide l<md Colling*o*d*a (¡ofrcspcmdcB^T.

; 11(V .»«tbur h t f hi*iurv b in » ra iiilcd .ímíío de h> .W m 4Mtpsiébit nrlitira a Cadís by Jn«i: AJ«t« Kucaic »ad JaaiMry

tbe otilv p ilo t w bo could w c a tb c r th e s to rm . TJie B ritish oa in e w as eveu used to strcag ;tben th e ia - Crig^e: lin t w h e th e r th e Sp&niarilg d lscnvered the re a l u a tu re o f Ib c dcsig;u, o r w ere n o t b o fiir rcdiiccil sm to req n ire the a id o f a fo re ig n P rin c e to re triev e tb e ir afluirs, rem aiu s m a tte r o f su rm ise . A t all events, th e D u k e o f O rleaua’ overturefi u> tbe B pauiards w ere r e je c te d : b u t if b y m a rria g e he could uow sccu rc fo r o n e o f h is »-ons, tb a t w hich be O i i c e coveted fo r himscU’, w ill h e n o t h av e aveuged b is ow a iu ja re d an ces to r, ao d a t le a s t cquaD cd tlic g rea t m odel o f h is im ita tio u ?

T b e n a tu re an d p u rp o ses o f tb e r r a g m a t lc S anctio n o f M art;b 2 9 th , b a r e been a lread y sn tlic ien tly e:&plaiucd; and i t iH n o w y la c e d beyond all doubt, th a t th e udoptio ti o f th a t cx trn o rd iiia ry au d abo rtive m easu re w as ob ta iu ed chiefly th ro u g h French iud u - encc. F e rd in an d , how ever, w as n e re r happy a t ^ r b e ad ix ed b is sigo m an u a l to so u n ju s t an d illeg a l a p a p e r . W h ils t a t S t. Ildefouso , in th e m o n th o f S ep tem ber, I8ij2, h e w as nvercakeu b y a !^crious ill- uess , w'hich in th e nigh^ o f th e 14 th , assum ed alann> in ^ sym ptom s. P ro m chat m om en t, g ix a t ag ita tio n w as rem ark ed am ong a ll c lasses o f Che S ta te : an in ten se in te re s t w as m au ifested , e v e r ; one ask ing .

> 3 , i B i r A f te r d n M h i n f f t b e drcw dfol » I tu u i n n v> c w n t f y

w r c d o r f r i . i h m c h iD c w w b t o f a h e t d a n d b o n d of r * i o o , i t c o n -

c ln d e * t b i M “ k lo d r u » y m o B « ex |> u e « a ^ c w T e o c e n U bul\tfcaat~

l i e B i< c> « U k d d e J « s c a r »m T r l n o p » q u « b o b | o U « * c - d e « a P iln c ii)«

^ u t * c u j# cw M :?ione» c o n u iA N«w>ou q u e « o lu e l l* iH trd j e o n t t» r r* M r

1» if l r r ? » d e l T o r in o , j q u c e tu i o iii;« » '» u n io n p w d * c o n f n n i r Jo . K «in

Ia » e o , i o t « l p o ]K»r ( u p r e c i s o , q o c n o e n c u e n W aim s ^ i d t p * n

eseap A i d c i a b o r r w a q u e a n f i i o o i . "

w h a t w ere to b e th e fu tu i'e destiu ics o f Spaiu ; aC th e sau te tim e th a t th c hopes und w ishes o f the

m a jo r ity o f th e S p an ish peop lc conid n o t be concealed . In d eed so m a rk e d w crc th e dem on^tra- tioDS, on th a t aw fu l occasion, tlia t, uoCwiilisCandiof th « ex tensive p rep a ra tiu u s a lre a d y uiaâc> an d the p ledges o f «txtcrual su p p o rt rece iv ed , ih e <ûoen, see in g th e (eadeney o f th e n a tio n a l sp ir it, b eg an to fe a r th a t h e r d a u g h te r’s aecesn u n w ould b e o p ' posed.

Ill th e m id st o f th e se p e rp lex itie s , an exped ien t w as su g g ested , w hii’h , w heu th e K in g w as u little recovered , m e t w ith hi*« ap p ro b a tio n . T h is expe> d ien t w as, to in te re s t th e In fan te D u n C arlo s in the Q u e e u 's su p p o rt ; th o se w ho p roposed th is derive b e in g w ell aw are o f h is s te rn und r ig id ch a rac te r, an d w ell convinced th a t i f b e once gave hi*; w ord t o n p h o h l any p a r tic u lu r ineiüâre, h e w onld n ev er fo rfe it it. 'i l ie Q u een , iu o rd e r to a tta in h e r object, indmêd th e K in g to sen d fo r C onn t d e l a A loadia, and in fo rm h im th a t h e w;is dcbirous o f app o in tin g h er C ovem ens o f th e R ca lo j, d u riu g h is i l ln e s s ; aod th a t , in case h is diijorder »honld b e su ch »s t o te r m in a te h is life , «he w as to co n tin u e g o v ern in g d u riu g th e m iu o rity o f h e r d a u g h te r . T h c K in g added, th a t on th is basis h e h ad reso lv ed to isiîe u Decree« co iife rn n g h is ow u a u th o rity u p o u th e Q u een , atid em p o n x riu g h e r to a d m in is te r in hi» nam e , as w ell i\g to se lec t, fo r h e r adv ise rs an d mini»«cers, such p e rsons as she m ig h t deem fit.

O n tlie 1 7 th o f S ep tem b er, th e K in g sum m oned the C ouu t d c la A lcudia to liis ch am b er, ao d ra m m u n i' c a te d to Itini tiie o u tlin es o f th is p ro jec t, endeavour-

a t thc Umc lo in te re s t iiiiu iu its fu rth e r- ance. riy th e i;0 !(iuia(ii]j t h e C ouu t proc**ed6<l1 0 tbe apeirtm cQ ts o f Ih e I n t ^ t e D o u C&rlog^ to ijhew h im th e O ecrce p rep u rcd , an d t« li h im tiiu t tlie (^ueen liopcd I l i s R o y a l ili^bD ess w ould co u sca t to bo h e r p rincipsil adv iser, i a th e a rd u o u s ta'*k w b ich «he w as {Jjout to u n d e rta k e .

TbLi4 i^ iu m u n ii'd tio n wax m ad e to th e Infante» an d tb e D cc rcc , w ith t}ie K ifig’s iiia iiuai affixed to i t , exh ib ited tu h im , a t tw o o 'c lo c k in th e afternoon o f tb a t day . T h e Infan(e> on Iiea rln^ th e propwsul, dcciioed a ll in tc rv eu tio u i a llcg iu ^ , tb a t b c did no t coosid ttr h im se lf in a s itu a tio n to advise th e Q ueen, an d c sp rc ss iu g a fe rv en t h o p e tb a t h is b ro th e r w ould uu£ pres« &o obouxiioui) a d u ty upon h im . 'Llie C uon t re ite ra te d Mb re m u n s tra n c e s ; b u t, fiudiug Ilis effortB itieffcetual, an d conceiving th a t th e o b ' jce tio u s o f tb e iu fao te priD cijially a ro se from blii tiam e u o t b e in g m ^ i io i ie d io ib e D ecree , be re tire d .

A few h o u rs ^ te rw a rd s , tb e C ouu t re tu rn e d lo th e In fa n te ’s apH rim ent, w itb a n o th e r D eere« , also ^ i ^ c d b y th e K iu ^ , in w b ich H is R o y a l Hi^bne&& 'ivajs |ie rso u a ily nam ed as th e head o f tbe ad- m u its tra tio a , an d Ib c ( ^ e e n 's p rin c ip a l adviMsr. 'flii« D ec ree tb e C oun t p re sen ted Co tb e Infan te , io fo ru iin ^ h im a t th e sam e tim e th a t th e K ing , b is b ro tb c r , w as e x trem e ly detdrous th a t b e sh o u ld tak e a lead in g p a r t in th c ad m io ls tra tio n ; b u t, t h a t he w'ag prev iously lo give b is w o rd o f h o n o u r to re nounce a ll p re tensions w h ich h e h im se lf m ij 'b t have to th e cro w n , an d p ledge hiin&elf t o su p p o rt those

o f th e Ib fao ta D ona Isahc l, iu caso o f the K itig 's

T h e L ifan tu confirm ed w h a t h e h ad preyiouiJy sa id n p an th e subjpiit, only ad d iu g th a t th e oouaition w hich i t w as tiow w ished to im pose upon h im , was a fresh m o tive fo r declin ing au ofTer w h ieh h is con- Hcieni*« w ould uo t a llow h im to a c c e p t ; h e hiu3SfIf liaviiijr Icicitlm atc r i fh ta to th e C m w n o f S pain , iu ra«« o f th e K iu g ’s d e a th w itlion t m a le i.'isue» and h e w as reso lv ed to susta in th e m , niich b e in g hi9 d u ty . H b fu r th e r exp la in ed , th a t th is w as th e p r in cip le upoti w h ieh h e w as d e te rm in ed to a i t , and th a t n o th in g w ould m ak e h im sw erve from i t . The Infant« th e n expressed b is re g re t a t b e in g obliged th u s to spea^ o u t, on so pain fu l an oecanion as the illn ess o f h is b ro th e r , w hom h e so to u ch loved aod re s p w le d ; b u t d e d a rp J th a l h e considered hiniHcIf ob lig ed to <Jo !K), bccaufje th e m a n o f h o n o u r, an d be w bo defentls a ju s t cause, a lw ays sp eak s c lea rly .

T h e C oim t endeavoured to d issuade th e Infiintc fro ra b is puipoi?e, b y p o in tin g o u t to h im th e sexious consequences likely to e n su e ; observ ing tb a t \t w ould b e b e tte r to y ie ld in som eth in g , an d m ak e a C o m p r o m i s e — th a t th is w as s till easy , fo r tb a t if th e F jith e r w as n o t K ing , th e S on ra ig h t b e . The In fan te rep lied , tb a t p ro v id ed h is r ig h ts w ere a c know ledged , an d th ro u g h them th o se o f h is child ren , h e w ould , in a frien d ly m an n e r, m ee t his b ro th e r iu im y p ro p o sa l th a t m ig h t be m a d e , bu no t beftirc 5 th a t b e IiJm self was» n o t am hitnous o f

h e in ^ a K ing , desiriOi^ r a th e r to free h im se lf from a liu rdeu , so m ucli su p e rio r to his s t r e n g th ; b u t th a t G od b ad place<! h im in th e position in w h ich he

«looil, an d to bU d ivine n icrvy lie looked fo r thc s lrc u g th neccbsary to en ab le h im lo p c rto rm his obligatio nij.

T iie C oun t seeiuit, id th is axiiiwtT, aJl th e cbarac- terix tie e u e rsF o f a P rin c e , t ru ly ju s t , fo r som e tim e h esita ted w b a t to say. A t l e n ^ b , b reak in g sUcnce, iiR rem ark ed to th e l u ^ i t e th a t p e rh a p s Ills own ci»nscien<« deeeived h im , ao d posi<ibly t l ia t , i f tbe m a tte r ^ c r e d u ly w eighed , h is cun science w ould ra tlie r rfi^u ire o f h im to m ak e tiie sacri6i*e aolicitcd. 'ITjc In fan te rep lied tb a t he fe lt, in h is ow n b reasi, th a t i t he w ere , fo r an y m o tirc o r inO acem ent w h a tsoever, to vlebi lip th e C row n to o n e w ho h a d no t the sm allest r l^ l i t to i t , G od w ould re iju lre o f h im a Btriet aeeo n n t, wbiiOi w ould b e m ade th e stric:ter, as by Ku«<h an a c t h e shou ld in ju re th e r ig h ts o f o th e rs ca lled a f te r b in i a n d besides in c u r th e p e n a lty o f tb e consequence«. l i e th e n assu red th e C ount tb a t all hi« perKuasious w ere useleb«^ hi^j own i*e«olution be in g firm a u d unchangeab le . T b e C ouut, iD a su p p lica tin g to n e , a g a in p r e s ^ d b is rem ou- fltrances} an d , u rg in g fu r th e r reasuDS, to ld th e In fan te tb a t b e ni»«hed to b e th e cau se o f a iJv il w ar. “ N o t I,” a b ru p tly r e to r te d tb e P riu ee , “ i t is ra th e r j/our p a r ty w ho w ish an d p ro ro k e i t , i<iucc you p e rsis t in upho ld ing an u n ju s t cau se .’’ H e re the in tc r^ e w eudeil.

C lIA P . X .

F erd in a n d V l l . ’s remoTs«— O rders h is P rugm atic Sfinction to he aW ogatfid— M e/w ires n d o p t ià ^ K in g ’s illness i n c r e a s c ^ T k e new arr<Oigemtnt defeated h y a d isgracefu l expedient— A tte m p t io concsat i t ^ I fa n i ih in e n f s ^ T h c k in g rt^overs and eonftr» Ai.f pow ers itpon the Queen— H e r alu*e o f them— R esorts to urpm tiftaJiie n4easurcs— lie a c tio i in the p u h iic m ind— D o n C a r h y f^ b e a ra n c e — S in g u la r sitiuU ion o f ihe M a d r id governm ent— P ersecution o f the P ortuguegt P r in c e s s e s T h ey j D o n Carlos a n d F a m ily pror.eetl to P o r tu g a l— Cor- rtspondef^ce between Ferdin<¿nd r t l . and D o n C u r -

¿oé— Fortner a ttachm ent hctioeen the tw o b r o t h e r sF la g ra n t in justice aga in st D o n Carlos__Corres-pond^iHce o f ihe Princess de ÌSeira.

A f t b r th c fa ilu re o f th c n eg o tia tio n s d e ta iled in th e p reced i» 5 C h ap te r, as u a tu ia l ly m ig h t b e ex pec ted , th e (¿ueeii’5 p a r ty a n d tho se w ho s till believed ÌQ th e \T\Udity o f P h ilip V . 's law , w ere i»laced in a s la te o f open uoUision, 'ITie K in g hinLself w as m u d i atfco ted o q find ing i t iu iposaible t o a rran g e th e Succession in such m an n e r a s to g u ard a g a in it a r iv il w a r, ou th c contlngeui*y o f Itls own dea th - He m u st a lso have fe lt som e ren to rse o f oonsdence , w h e n h e re flcc tcd on t}jc j>oi$ition in w h ich ou io- consiO crate m j i r r i n g e h ad p laced hii> b ro th e r— tlia t b ro th e r to w hoto íie h ad a lw ays been so m uch a ttach ed . R oused to a sen se o f ju s tic e an d , as it

4n

w ere , f»ii tb e brmfe o f th e grax'e, lie se o t fo r Colo* raardc a a d o rd e re d Inm lo p re p a re ft J>«;('rcc, ;ib- ru f^ iiii^ an d a n a u llm g th e P ra g m a tic SaccCioo o f M arch 2 9 ,1 8 3 0 , en jo in in g tb a t m in is te r lo b r in g it to him w ith o u t los^ o f tim e , (o r b is s ign m aniial. C aluniarde w as the v e ry p e rso n w bo á rc w Tip the F rag m alic Sanc^cion, w h en th e In trig u e w as first determ icicd upon , an d liav in g now discovered tb u t ic co itb l n u l snccecd , b e w as g la d to re tuove tb e respciD sibilily from bi.« ow n K boulders, b y p rep a rin g a u o lb e r a c t ib a l w as to can ec í (h e p rev ian s illegal arid p rep o ste ro u s prov ision . T h e a c w ^cc rcc w as «‘‘co rd m g ly prepare*! an d signed b y th e K ing , in Ih e n ig b l o f th e 1 8 lb , (sc a r i^ ly tw en ty -fo u r h o u rs al):er th e o v crlu res to Ib e In fan te b a d be«n re jec ted ) in p resence o f th e Q ueeti an d a ll tb e m in is te rs , e x cepting one, w h o bap p cu ed to b e in M ad rid . A prueba verb a l, in all its leg a l form s, w as iI t q w q up o f Ib is cu rious ira u sa c tio u , a f te r w h ich i t w as a g re e d th a t tl ie w hole sh o u ld be k e p t s e c re t u n til tb e re su lt o f Ih e K iu g 's illn ess w as ascertained.'*

A ru m o u r u f th is com proinise b ay in g reached &ome o f th e Icad iu g p e rso n s a t co u rt, a eh an g e iu public 0 ]»inion w as soon n o ticed . C oufidence w as in somp m easu re re s to re d , w hen i t becam e know n

* Twu s i s f « ! ^ ! o f t h e C o g n e n o f C u i j l e (G il a e d KUria) t o -

R tV ie rw i ih ih e l f P m , T ?crc c<}iuU f p rc » v o t a o d A

c e r i K ^ i te o f t h e P h y i ic iA u w a a a l s o a p p v iu le d , tfcu t Che

w t i p c r ie c tJ ) ' « o u s d o f o m d v b c n h r U l ls e d b i* « in iA in rc . T b e a rk >

H e » u s e a le d o p a n d lw )g ? d i r i t h t h e K in .e , * D e d e l iv e re d i t t o ih e

t v e o f C & lo iM rd e , T h e r e i s m a o n l o b e l ie f ’s i l i t t ih«K e P a p e r s ,

a llhw 4gh M ot d i i i f r e f l s t e r e d i n i h c U K h iru t o f t h e C o o o d l 0 / C&8tÍli3,

iK re rch e le» » ix S s t i n ( h r i r o r ie i j i a l {o rm .

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c)iat tb e Q ueen h ad ab an d o n ed h e r anidjiadoiuil p ro jec t, lc iu tACt bccam c a m utivc u f «congratulation to th e «^rU-wishers o f tb e ir co u u try th a t tb c ho rro rs o f a civ il w a r w e re th u s avoided. T be QueeD h e rse lf w as reconciled to a n f j te rn a ti ve w h ich i t was n o i o n ^ r in h e r po tv 'e rto c o n tro l; a n ^ t iu b e n d h i^ tu rirc u m sta n c c s , sh e sccracd g lad tu rem ove au au x io u s care fro m th e K iu g ’i« m ind , w lio fe lt desirous o f IcaviQg Che Succession in ti ie sam e sta te iu w h ich lie fo u n d i t , a u d o f allow ing th e law s to ta k e th e ir due course.*

* I t WAI th rv u f))t a r t iita b S e u> i h f C M rc c t « if ia tU o f Ib e s « s in g o lu '

p rucced ÍB K ¿, H t b c ; w c n « o t Ib u tí to c> « r w l t j m Í* re p re H B it« l i n Ow

»(VDAtits mnmitiíd tu ED$Tuid íroiu tfie StiJuísJi u(>lul. Icwis«f f i r t t t U e o p m t t o H o n j r h c ( r e n o r t k v n a l t o c ^ h p r , « • *

iB * d c to io d o c c A b c ü e ^ i h i t t h c K ln j; n v T f r i i n c d 4 0 t p *pcr» í a tM

p r n c o c c o f t h c P r a g a u i t lc S a o c t io n v f

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wAá « ie h c d to e o n m 1 , C)n a su fnx iona iVom ilie Q u e n , »(rrerkl

bl»bop*t *11 t b c o Ín Í£ (c rs , ^ " < 1 a n u n b c r o f o ia e r fu n c tiu M Ó ei,

a ^ n b W d M ib e p d a c e , o n tL« o f D ccem b cr, « L e a tb (y bcard f r a m tb v K jnc t b c M la v i n ^ d r r l i in t io n , «c cv rtif ied b y tlie s i ia iiie e

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t o w h ic L I h < d b c e u b r o o g b t b ; * f lc ñ o u s n a lA d y , f m r n n l i k b iJ>e

U i r io e t n w y i4 » c d o « i n • M jn a l m u n e r , I s g p iv d a n e t r o : , re*

p r « J i i ) | t h e P ra fiD A tic S a n c t iv n c tf i h e 2 9 ih o f M a n - h , IftdO»

r* e o ]v fd o n b)! n y a u ^ ^ t t^ u D c r , • t t b e rM |i)^6 t o f t b e C o n c « u f 17B9,

f o r rcciiiU >ÍH h)0 £ ih o ) « g u ln r S e c c r t s io a to t b e ( ' r o w n a f 8pa(n> Tht^

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M í a t e a n d e f f f r u d id rtox m a (ü r« 9 l l l . A l » K in e , ( c o u k l n o td e i t r o y

T b e effurt w as how ever t<K> g re a t foi* liis w eak iiervea, au d b e soon af^ertrards s&uk in to a s ta te nf to rp o r, w hich eo u tin u ed fo r severa l áay«. O a the 20 lh , i l w as v e ry jjeneraU y believed in M ad rid th a t #ie had ac tu a lly exp ired - I» th e in te r ra l , th e In - ia n ta D o ñ a L u isa Carlota» spouse o f D o u Francisco de P a u la , a rriv ed a t S t. Ildefonso» 'post b a s te from Seville , w here sh e h ad been in form ed o f w h a t h ad happened , ao d a g a in s t th e se new a rran g em en ts fe lt violently en rag ed . O n re a c h in g th e p a lace , sh«;

( I k fundvD P oB l law s o f Ih e K lo s d o n , t h e rcctU lrli»liR )«ut o f w h ic li I W procbSiB cd, a n d »4 ft I c o c ld s o t , o f ruy o w n frev w ill,

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o r d e ta i l 'd o c a i u r o « a d ^ m j b e d , akJKbix o y lo re t n d tliM uf

n y dejtr Q a e r n to r m y j>eu|div au^tneniM J h e r » a ic t iu D an d iúM to (h e painñjiB fM o f m ; u t a i t i o n , b j 'U h ' r t i i ^ ( J u t th e w>io9« KinedAm

H is o p p M o l * 0 th e o h * w * tn c« o f r t « P r * ^ a t i e R » c t io o . a o d rcpce- t n t l i t ; t» m e t h u t o n n i t s o f w o a ld D o « i n d a u »oil de»irectl<ra

w ould eniwie. i t k w e re a u t u lx 4 í^ ie d . T b i^ s t ro d o o s d c r U n tw a , iM d c «B dcr d r e u M tw s M iu th e o i id u o f « Q K b . l i b v ta o c u m o re s ie r« d

du ty t J u n e rv r tb « t (b e t r a th »hotild h e to ld b c b y tbw se p e r u lk r l r h o t u d l u c v tu iie l o ie , i n d I h ^ n e ith e r t a o e , box EccuJtles Co

•eriiy 4 « M t t e d , w o r n * v u t B b n l a 6ia(^ o f c M A ^ n u tio Q ,

« b d ( 0 « liu k ) rem ftio» o f u a d c r s t* n d ln f le f t t o b c e o n p lv te lr ah*

so rhed io tb rek in i; o o ly o n tíie a n d p re » r« srT o o o f m y p^ei^le;B U blag , •« Car M b lu e U r , a i 1 sw ted i a th a t D ecree , ttx* ¿ re d t

u c r iA v e to (bi: ttaaquiU U y o f (b u K ^M iiih n a ilo n . Perfidy co ia p le ted

ibW h n rr lb ie p lo t , iv e iD c o c e d Su »edoctiOD, a n d e en iA c K c t u f w1iat I

l a d d o n e « ^ r< 4>nAd ah rn ed « i i h th e in s e i l lv a o f th e l> x re e ,

<U(hlcs4ly hi'M klB « Uic a u l s w h k h I h a d ordei'M l to b e r n p r n c d tUI n y dcfttb . ReiD« n o w f(d l) m ad e aciiuftlnted w ltli t h f fk h lt ie« , by

* b ic h tlte Inyaity o f a y lieU#»ed Spanlai'da w h o w e re faU hfe l to th e

d e e c e n d a n ta o f t h e t r K jB s» , w e re c a h i n n u t e d — b e ln |; p c r* » » d e d t l J i t it

u BO n u r e lo y |K i« e r . t l i a o i i i i u y w is h , to d e p a r t iVom if t iro e -

iB O ria l ru8U»ni t a t o i h c »ncceailw if, « s u h l i i h c d f o r a g f l , « a o r t in n r d b f

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(h ro B v , a n d s o l ic i te d b ; t b e mnABiBi«** * o k « , o f tJ ie K ia i d o o i . F re e

reprooche<i Iier g ister C b ris tiu a fo r abuDdoning b e r chUdrcD's eleum?, u^tbraidcd Che mmtsCcrs fo r th e ir we&kj)CH& an d , ca rr ic d a^ray b y h er onU nary vivacHty, o r irapetuou5< tem per» is» sa id lo b av c a c tu a lly slapped C alom orde in ibe face , 'l l ic K iog , h f e v days a ttc r- wardit, rccoTcrcd h is senses an d a g ra d u a l im provem en t in b is h e a lth follow ed. As sooo as h e wu» able to b « a r tb e fatigruc u f bnbine»^, e x tra c ts w e re read to h im fro to th e F ren ch royalist: jo u ru a ls , w ritten u n d e r th e im pression th a t h e w as dead .* A f om pic te ; revoLutioii in th e p a lace a n d in th c plaTis o f govern- m eo t DOW m an ifested itse lf. C alom orde w as cx - i l ^ , &nd th re e w eeks aftcrw »rd$ an o rd e r m ade out to th e C ap ta in G enera l o f V allad o lid , tu oon'^ig« h im to a fo rtre ss . C oun t d e l a A! ciid ia w as nam ed am bassd ilo r to E n g la n d i b u t, know ing th e sp ir it in w h ich th is h o n o u r w as in teo d ed , h e w ith d rew to I ta ly . T h e K ing ’s re p e n ta n c e w as in fac t visited u p o D th e h ead s o f tho^c w h o b ad m e re ly o'trtyed h is coounond^.

T b e answ er» o f D on C arlo s a n d tb e avow al o f h is inteDtion:«, a t f irs t d e ra n g e d th e p rep ara to ry

&otD t b e h i f l n m c e M d r o iu t i t^ i iu o f t h o M d i u i t r n o * c i r r o o s t M ^ » 1 ^

d cc lfiru lo le iL u iy , f r o m a y o r m f r e ^ w iU k n d b ; n y o m t r t , t b a l ^

D c e rc v , h y IQ? mi t b e a^« im i.s o f n y in n c ^ s , W 4i n b t t m t d f r o s ,*

D « b ; f la f |r r i» c , ( l u i \ t w 4 s i h e r i* ta l l u f n U r r p r i ' i c v b t k m * w { tb « h u 'h

a j uiiiil wjs lhat U U vuid aikJ of ow effect, •' t c i r f tu» ib « f iin ^ iD fB U iI la w s A i t b e M o n t r c h y a o d t b e A b l i n t k M <<■*

|x> M d U(»on m e , a t • K in f ; m a t ' a i h r r , u> w 4rd ii n y a u g i s t J

flmrtutu. VIs my pikce 4 t M a d r id , th )» 31 i t o f D c c c n i l te r , 1B^.” ' i

• T l i i i s t a e l ' « w e o U o f t e d t * “ y t r i U s % r U t f « ^

m tte u < s £ f f € g » t , Im m a l a i t t i u F t o i ' ' ' ^

ui«asures tiik en b y th e C kristino g o v c rn ra c u t; bu t th c Q accn ’g p a r ty h av io £ uow ob ta in ed a fre^b m*/* ce«friun o f Btrength, an d aU obnoxious p e rso n s being; rem oved Irom th e pres«nce o f th e K ing , iti n-liose m ind ati im p o rta u t e iiangc h a d besides b ecu etlcctcd , i t w as d e te n u in e d to p e rs is t in th e o rig in a l d«sig:i o f M cu riu g (h e crow n to th e Q u een 's In la u t daugh* to rs. D u rin g th e K in g ’s illn ess , h is w ife 's aitCD- tiorw a t h is p illo w w ere ia c e ssa n t, a o d b y these m e ^ s sh e g a in ed an unbounded iofiuence o v er h lu i.

'l l ie K in g 's h ea lth co n tin u ed to im p ro v e , an d on th e ensQing 9 th o f O c to b er, t)ie M ad rid G az e tte published a b u lle tin , anno u n cin g h is p e rfcc t re covery , a u d im m ediately a f te r i t a D ocrce , empoiv* e riu g th e Q ueeu to c a rry ou tb e p u b lic business, <iaring ik e continviiHee o f h is m alady.* G re a t su rp rise w as cx c itcd a t th e se co n trad ic to ry p ro ceed i n g . I t ap p eared unact^nnC able th a t th e Q ueen w ho, acco rd in g to tb e prev ious a rran g em en t» , w as

* “ TakiAf iuto c t« s * t k r i t k t t tb « d c k y wkkJi (h i ' a J l^ in wf tb c .State experienced in <»oiie«iacocr n f iku' d c r a o ^ a a i i o f m y v h ic b

<lo«s n o i p e rm it m : tp de'rohr in ;» e lf » itL tb e » o ]ld t« d e n b k i j f ^ ) ( b , ko d w h ic h Ik requ ia lt» f o r ih » w f l ^ r e o f tJtc pe&pis coaiided

Vf cbar^u bf l>inM ProrUmcc, 1 bsTC *iDpower«d tJte UnevOt iQo«t d c u r u* d beluvcd c u m o t l , to ta p c d l tc » ffitirt d u r in g tb e

« u t in c a n c c v f l u f a to U d ;, b .tf in £ cvnfidi*nce in 0«>d tb » t I ihsdl

<ck)o b e rv i to re d to b e a l tb ; ta d I a io i^e ll p v r!u » d ed t lu c she w ill

w o rth ily d e» err« u y e v it^d en ce , «ceorrJins to i b f wfatcb «he

b ^ i m e , u i i l fte t n l t b tb& t tm d e rn e« « w ith w h ic h «be b«A a l m j s

i n i« r e i t^ l i e r ^ f , » i t b lu e , in favour o f is y Viyal u t d iten iT oo i «bIiJ«cu.

(b ie b v pru|M.Tly e v io o o b in C c d , a n d tbf> s»n»c c c n ic t l i a tn MfiKt.Wiib tlie King’s ManiuJ,

At St. Ildefcriuo, Od.6tb, 1812.A . D . JosA P R D e CirBATK»«."

ao lv Co ex e rc ise tb e su p rem e aut>iority d u rin g tbe k m g ’s illn ess , sh o u ld now b e c lo th ed w ith a \tOifer, 88 u u co u stitu tiu n a l an i t w as un ca lled fo r, a fte r Ik h a d been dec la red to b e in th e en jo y m en t o f good h ea lth , l l i c »ame gâzettc a lso c o n t^ u c d an am n e s ty fo r a l l persons d e ta in ed to r pu lltica l opüúons»

a u a c t o f g ra c e to signalize th e lu fa n ta Isa b e rs b irch -d ay , w hich fe ll o n th e 10 th , as w ell as a Dec ree , d a te d th e 1st, appo in tin g th e new' m in is te rs .*

Inv ested w iili safBcient p<rwer» Co ca rry h e r schem e in to effect, an d th c apprehension» o f th c K ing ’s »peedy dem ise b e in g d issipated , th e Q u een com m en ced h e r p re p a ra to ry arrangcnientfe. T h e C apta in G en era ls o f severa l proTincew w ere (ilianged, such as Ejûia, in G a l id a ; S an J u a n , iu E strem a- d u r a ; O ’D onnell, in OW C aatile an d M oreno iu G ra u a d a ; an d succeeded by peis<»D!< opoii w hose subserv iency , o r p o litic a l opiniim s, m ore re liance co u ld bc p laced . A m ong th e new g o v eru o rs w ere th e Mar«jues de la& A ioarlllas , an*l G eucru ls M orillo au d R odil. A ll functionaries devo ted to th e iu^tita tio n s , as th e y stood , o r, io o th e r w ords, suspected o f C fírlüm , w e re d ism issed , an d m au y received n o tice Chat th e ir p resen ce in th e cap ita) w as uot affreeáUle- S ev era l u f ie c rs w e re a lso d ep riv ed o f th e ir re g im e n ta l com m and*. A com ple te system o f

* M . <te C » A « n n , B iiiilfte« n f ih e In i« j’h>)', íe th e n x m u f M . tie

C « lo « a n f ^ ; M . UccukiHÍ«j, u>)Dl»(«r <jf K orriire uiTMri, ia 1 8 o f Use C okin t d « I s A k % d k ; G e a e r a l M o a e t . M ín ú t e t u f W a r,

pl«4ê o f I h e lk l« r(iu (» d v Z M n b ra o O i A d ca li» ! L u b o o le , M i n u t e o f

M * r i i » ; n d S r. E B tu m y ñ c d t s « M in is te r o f F i a a a t » , o f

Ü>e Hr. L b j« b o p u B alU M vro» ,

I

esp ionage w as u n d er tb e d ir iK tb n u fth e tw o Dotcd ch a ra c te rs , R ouchJ, a n d T h erew ta , th c m illiu e r, fo r th e pnrpos« o f iacrcab ing Ihc Q uccd’s p&rtirians a n d d iseuvcriug th o se w ho Ipoued tow nrils h e r r iv a l, 'rh ro u g h th e in s in n o e o ta U ty ot* th e m illin e r ai)d h e r asfli'^tauta, a l is t o f a ll the officers au d m en In th e B oily G uard«, supposed to be in im ica l to th c Q ueen’s view«, waa m ade o u t, aud iu OQC d ay SiSO o f th em dism issed, S ho rtly a fte rw ard s, tlie R oyalist voluD tecrs w**re d is a rm e d } an d I t w as signified to th e C le ^ y , th a t th e y would be w a trh e d an d th a t i f ih e y s tirre d , th e ir p ro p erty w ould be sw ep t fro ta then t.

A system o f de.spoti'îu a n d porsceu tio ii w as soon o rsau iêd , w hich c a rr ie d te r ro r Into th e husom of everV fam ily , n o t thc im m edia te in te re s ts ot* th e Qoeeu w ho, by th is tim e , b ad p laced b c rse lf a t the b ead o f th e rev o lu tio n is ts a n d i«eemed de te rm iued to c o u r t th c su p p o rt o f th o se w hom h e r ho%baud h ad a liray s d a s s c d am oog th c enem ies o f tb e S ta te . So g re a t w as (h e in d ig n a tio n a t t h e ^ do iogs, th a t the p eo p lc w ere on th e eve o f r is in g u p ag a in s t the Q ueen . I t w a s on all b au d s dec la red tb a t tbe K i n h a d lo s t h is m e n ta l fa c u ltie s ; aud the public Voice u rg e d th a t th e In fan te D o n C arlo s shou ld be eallpd to th c g o T e r n e n e n t . Comuiis'îonera from Ta- rious p a r ts cam e up lo th c cap ita l, im p lo rin g th a t 1 V ince to p lace himself* a t th e helm o f S ta te . 'I'o a ll o f th em h e rep lied th a t so iong as hift b ro th e r lived, h e w ould u o t p erfo rm th c m<»Rt trif iln g ac t ag a in s t hi? au th o rity . T h is p ledge b e n e \e r viola ted . H e even toUl som e app l» ;an ts \rh o w ere dlsgiiuted wUh th c in tr ig u es g o io g on a t < o u r t and

fe lt fo r th e s itu a tio o in w h ich th e ir c o u n try w as pine««), th a t h« «honld h o ld tho se tu b e tra ito rs w ho, a t th a t m o ta e u t, advL^ed b iu i lo iu te rfc re w ith t h s ad u u m stra tio o . In tliit; m a n n e r w a s a fonm d- nblc p a r ty in 0 p(i0 i;itiuii to th e Q ue«n restra in ed .H ad th e In fan te D o n C ario» {heri Ust«D«d Co tlie p roposals m ade to h im , h e conid casil}' h ay e tak en th e m an ag em en t o f p u b lic aAair^s io to h is own hands, an d th is a lo n e w ould hav*e »teciired Ids tb ro ite ; b u t h e w as n ev er kuow ii to v io la te hi» n'O rd; n o r w o u ld b is h o n o u r a llo w h im to p e rfo rm an a c t f o r

w hich h is c o D s e i c n e e , o r ¡lo sterity , m ig h t rep ro ac li h i m .

Id tb e th re e m on th s w h ieh b ad e lap sed s ince the K in g 's Illness, i t w as m an ifest th a t th e Q iieen h ad )>lacRd h e i^ e lf a t th e h ead o f th e tnovtm enl p a rty , a s th e b «st m eaus to g a in h e r ends. T h e K in g b e cam e a la rio e d a t th is change in th e policy w h ich }ie h im se lf h ad been aecu'^tom ed to piirsui;, an d acco rd ing ly issued h is tw o D ecrees o f th e 4 ih o f Ja n u a ry ,1833 ; th e oue D tak in g kuow ii th e reassiim p tion o f tlie re in s o f g o v e rn m en t b y h im w lf an d ti ie associa tio n o f th e Q u e e a in th e suprem e a u th o r i ty ; She o th e r o rd e rin g a m ed a l to be s tru c k , co iom cm orat- iu g hifi g m titu ile to th e Q ueen fo r h e r w ise conduct :in th e go v ern m en t, d u rin g b is iUness. i:

T h e j)ublic w ere , a t th e sam e tim e , g iv en to u a - >d e rs tan d , tb a t tb e goveru ineu t had d e te rm in ed to s te e r a m idd le co u rse an d avoid ex tre m e s , a s m uch a s possib le . T h is w as eou>4iilercd as a k iu d o f in d ire c t d isap p ro b a tio n o f tb e Q u e e n 's p roceediugs, o r a t lea^ t aja iin licative o f a wit^h to ounetlia te a la rg e an d in liu en tia l body o f tb e in h a b ita n ts , w ith

w hum sb e b ad c lash ed . T be s te p waa how ever ta rdy . T h e im pulse h ad b e e s ^ T c n ao d tb e ex> |»ectBtionx o f tb e ab sen tees , a s w ell as o f thotic a t borne w ho h ad su ilercd fo r tb c ir polktieal opioious, ev er u q c c th c K in g ’s re tu rn fro m F raoce , in 1814, w ere ra ise d to th e h ig h es t p itch . S pain t}ien |ire> seo tcd th c s iu g u la r an im taly o f & co u u iry divided in to tw o dU tiiiu t ao d h o stile partleii, w ith a govern- menc w U hiu^ to re s t upoo n e ith e r , a t tb e sam e tim e th a t i ts cicist^noe waM involved in tb e decisioD o f th c v e ry question w h ich fn ra ied thc basis o f the division. T b e M ad rid m iu is try in fiu l< ex h ib ited a m ost s in g u la r spec tac le . W h ils t , i a p rin c ip le , i t ina iu lv ag reed w ith th e C arlis ts an d sto o d iu a u e ot* th e ir avow ed enem ies, i t p c rsccu tcd J>on C arl O'?, ¡ire judêd h is c la im s, au d en d eav o ared to ra is e u[» p o p u la r eu m ily a g a in s t h im . T hc m iu is try cvcu bad th c ap p e a ra n ce o f s t i ik id g ftt tiie Q ueeu , by w ag in g w a r ag iunst tho se w ith w hoi'i sh e h ad id ea - titled h e rse if ; au d a lthough th e re w as a w ish to a d v o i^ te Ih c in te re s ts o f th e chUd, endeavours w ere D cvertbelcss m ade to c u r la i l tb e pow er an d w eaken th e in fluence o f th c m o ther.

I t w ou ld b e au H ercu lean ta^ k Co tr a c e th c in - trica«îes o f th e policy pu i'sued b y K erdlnand’s m in ister*, a t th is p erio d . I ( w as how ever vi^îhle th a t , in consequence o f th e Q u een 's o v er th<! in iudo f tb e w eak m o n a rch , n o th in g w as doue w ith o u t h e r san c tio n , a u d th a t siie tem p o rised o n som e p«dals, p rov ided an y p ro g re ss w as m ade to w a rd s th e a tta in m e n t o f th c obj«*<!t t o w bich a l l h e r effort'* w ere d irc r te d , uan iely , the n^nMival o f th e ob«tarles iikely to im pede h e r d a u g lite r’s ueccssiou. M adrid ,

a t tbe tliu e , witne&sed som e p u h ltc st'atKl»]«, umoRg w hich tliC m o st prooiitiAn!: w ere , th e open w ar w ase4 h y th c th r e e X eapoH tau Prinecsiês, recen tly alll«;d w ith tlie R oyal F am ily o f S pain , ag a io s t the tw o rcTTiasniiig oucs o f tb e H o u se o f D rafânza, and th e em b itte red fleelin^ ^ i t h w hich th c lo fa n te D on C arlos w as p ersccu tcd . Q ueeu C h ris tin a w as cong ra tu la te d by som e upon h e r tr iu m p h s ; b u t they w ere obUdued b y ineaus w htcb m iu ld n o t s ta u d tbe te s t o f a fa ir in v estig a tio n . IT ie m overae u t p a rty , w ith w hom ^be b a d coales^ced, denom inated ull she di<i— “ th c m arch o f eveuts autî it m ig h t ju s t ly b e sa id th a t , th ro u g h h e r ad ro itn ess , tw o ffovem - n icn ts P x isted io th e sa ine ooniitrv .*

* T h e fnllAwifiK a s i r a r« f r o s i l e t t e r , j>abli»b«i] ÎB ’H m r - u f

M 4 i d i 2 7 t h , » n d c< id « o tly w r ltK Q b f o d « l o i o i c a l t o i h c c k o iis l o f

t b e I n f a n t e P o n C a rJ o e . ro*»«yK a p r e t ty i u * l Id e u o f t h e f W £ e f

M a d r U , a t lb< p e r io d a b o v e a U a d e d lo .

^ 'M adrid» M arcb U tD , 1BJ3.—'l l i b ; » go 1« very ia(i)dly th î»

cv o a try . I n airiic wf th e wpputU ktn o f t b e « e rv ü e (« r ty n ltie l) ,

« iB w t to a B iau, a re e o rn ik R to tb e o f th e IUtl« S'irnccwe«, t h f Q i)een triB stpho , a o d tb c day in s o t S r d if tn a t w b e s th e C>^wb

o f .‘> |t» n in U » d o m ib e t r o w s o f u i i u f j o t iM belJa. T b« K ia j tiiioA rlf a n d a p ac t o f th e M iu i» iry a re c a r r M m , a ea in ^ t t b d r w ill,

by th e luArcIi o f e v en ts . 'P te Qiieet) fields h e r panjim o^ a io u i i f al)

tlte JenoB ilnation* o f t h r I,i)> rral p a rty . U a n aiulalrle,

i n i e tH s n t v u ib « b , a o d w b i l ^ »be k e e p i tb e K j i ^ ¡x a« clo«e a con£> e-

u c n t a a sbr cm, fe a rfa l o f unw eJcom e Influene^ a m i of bii o « u ofpriDciplc u a d co h R isC ^ry , ah» e s r i iM b e r pan isan .« , b u s thcô le -

c iT ily c n m lle d id q iin il)^ '* , to ih e a n o u o t , a t (b in p re s en t io u n c o t> ^ f

5000 )D M adrM o n ly , a o d d u r a s tb e p e u ^ e b f b e i' k l n d n r a a n d con*

(IcsccB iiou. S L e ie k s U t tb c Idwl o f a s a ll . T b e l a « t r i d n p h ia , how - e%er, t b e |r « d i t n t Rhc b aa o b ta in e d . M adrid w a s fi'a tcfday sa rp rised

wicb th e n e « s ib a t tQe y ria & a« u f B e ira , P o n M ikae l’s S h ie r , a n d tU R o ;a l UiÿbBCBStltc lo fa n te D on C arlo s , n 'l ih b U w ife a n d d iU dres*

w ci'* to le * \e tb e iiH>lial n e m ? « in rd » y , 0 0 tb u lr » a y to U sU j* . TÎi'»

- f i

B y flie in iild le o f M aiv ii, Q uoen C h rU tin a lisd gained such a n (i^ccndaucy an d abused i t so umnli, tb a t i t w a'i iio lo n g er possible to r Ih c I 'o rtu g u csc PriaecsM^s to coath iu« in M ad rid . H e r eou tity w as chiefly d irec ted «iâitii^t th e £MQceM d c B c ira , m o th e r o f tb e lo fau tu D oi) Sebasctap, w bo h ad been iDduced to ospoiii^c one o f th e N cap o iitau Priuec&scs ag a in s t h is u to th e r’s n iinbes. T lie Prin(;e«i$ d e B e ira is a woum n o f a firm an d cncrg« tic c h a r a c te r ; n n d , be- iDg tb e e ld e s t s is te r o f tl ie In fan te D o u Carlos'«« wife, she n o d o u b t keen ly fe lt tb e iuju^tiue <*ouiniitting; ag a in s t h im a u d b is fam ily, i t w ould b e irre lev an t to rcprodup« t}ie p a la re rum o u rs o f tb e dav respect* in ^ th e enm ities w hieb p reva iled am o u g st i ts iu - m ates. SufRre It to say» th a t Q ueen C h n s tin a , iu o rd er to save ap p earan ces, fo rm ed Ib c piiio o f d riv in g th e P riiire s s Oe D e lra fro tu M a<lrid, in tb e m o st dei^rouS' m a n n e r ebe c o u ld ; b u t w beu th is g ra u d p o iu t w as achieved , sh e fo in jd t l ia t a fam ily fee ling h&ii b een ro u sed upon w hieb isbe h ad u o t e-aleulated. H e r p ritu a ry o b jec t was» to w eaken tb e s tre n g th o f h e r au tag o o is l— no t o p en ly assa il it.

As »oon as i t w as kuow n th a t tb e F iio cess de B e ira ab o u t to iûtt M ad rid , th e lu fa n te D on CarioSt in th e nam e o f b is spouse an d ch ild ren , as wcU afi h e r so d , D u o Sebastian» ap p lied fo r perm ission

" « w s Ji»» b c e o c u n £ r a i c d . A ll prvparM iO os li r e th e jo«r»< iy .

A pordon a f (he R«7a l G ia id kA ut praxtct t h e ro«d. tb elu e n ib e n o f th e h o u M h o itfi n t p v rso n a je s . a n d o f l lie

InA uti D u a S cb sa tiao wtK) a x o n p a n k * b u utMbi^r» b e ^ i s p w -

P A r iu ik e lf i M i l ^ tn v e lU u ^ i te ts ts »iu1 > a.* £»r u i« len K c r t n W p u t i s r^ H ln a n c tV d e c ^ A in u io Q * , ib c K o b a o x io u inJigiiû U w ill

I n r p U ^ r i d n e i i S u u r * t e y « " d iJ k K I j ^ o d So a d d y s B o rc ."

lo <vcom pany lip r to P o r t u g u l , w a « irr*'^olcd j i t .bcin^ o u t t ì ia t th e royal parhv weri* abuiit to v is it tS e ir r^'Imìven, a fte r a lo n g sep&r&tion. Tliify rcacliBil J.U bon a t th e en d o f M arch , wheo Q ueen (Ih ristiiia , n o t }iaving ye t succeeded to t) ir e x te n t o f h e r w ishes, fo rtued llie fu r tlie r p ro je c t of forcing“ Ih e In fan lc l>on Carlo« to reo o u n cc bis rlffh ts to th e Ih ro n e o f S pain? an d hav iug fa iled In Ib h , h e r iic x l endeavour waa, to d rive h im into Tialy, irh i th e r tltc rev o h ilio n s tir re d up b y X ap o leu n , hod driven hi? p a ren ts , w bo b o th d ied tlic re .

T h e re a d e r o u g h i b ere t o pause an d , f o r the I>etfer ro m p reh en a io n o f th e i5ubject, a tte n tiv e ly peruke Ib e CorfespondcDOC w hich passed betw een tbe tR'o b ro th e rs , F erd in an d VTl. and tb e Iiifen tó D on CarloH, from the 2 3 rd o f A pril to llie 3 J s t o f J n lv , in la s t y e a r , an d d u rio ^ tb e rei^idetice o f ib e la t te r in PortO}(ai. T h i ' C orrespond enee, w b ieb w ill b e found in the Appendix« m a rk e d G» atii! op«ns Trith a le tte r fro m D oji C arlos, iiifb rm ing th e K in g “ t l ia t an offi- e ia l app lica tion h av in g been m ade lo h im to know w h e th e r b e w o u ld ta k e th e o a th to th e In fa n ta l» a ' b e l, a*« P rincess o f A s tu r ia s , '’ lie d istm ct]y a n d a t once dignities h is re fu sa l to du aod', in th e m o^t fran k and m an ly m an n er, s i ^ s a d eclara tion s ta tin g th a t, “ convinced o f th e leg itim a te r ig h ts w hich b e possesses (o the C row n o f S pain , so lo u g as tbe K ing h a d n o heir-H iale , n e ith e r h is h o n o u r, u o r b is coo> srience alJowcd h im to acknow ledge an y o th e r r ig h ts .’' In Ih e le t te r eni:lusing th is dec la ra tion , tlie in ia n tc re g re ts th e positiou in w h ich h e is p laecd to w ard s b is b ro th e r? bu t iu fo rm s h im , th a t “ he possesses r ip h is , so leg itim a te lh a t h e could n o t d i

vest h im se lf o f them — rig:hts w hich God had io h im a t h is b ir th , an d w h ich G od a lo n e co u ld la k e aw ay, by t ra o s fc r r in s th e m to a tua lc c h ild o f the K \u ^ , w hich,” h e assu res h im , “ h e desires as touch , o rp erh a jM m o re tb a u h e h im se lf ;” raopeoyer add- io g , “ tb a t io th is h e w as ilefendiug th e r ig h ts o f a ll th o ee w ho w ere ca lled a f te r h im .”

T o thiB, u n d e r d a te o f M ay 4 , K iu j ' F e rd in an d , o r hia m iu is l« r repU ed th a t, “ no t hop iog to dissnade th e In fa n te fro io ijclicyiujf in hia a lleged rig h is w hich, n o tw ith a lao d in g th e y w «rc founded upon tb e d e le rm in a tio o s o f m en , th e In fa n te hi-lleycd oould only b e ta k e n »w ay b y G od, h e ( th e K iog) considered i t h is d u ty to rem ove him to a g rea fe r dlstaeif;e, an d as h e ( th e In fan te) conld u o t re fn ru to Spaio, h e w as tn p ro ceed w ith h is fam ily to Ihc Pon tifica l S ta te s .”

I t w ould b c diillcuU to say whivlj is m ost re m a rk able, iu thi*( cu rious ep is tle , th e sneering; au d n ieao m an n e r io w inch th e In fan te ’s m ode o f s ta tin g th e derivation o f h is r ig h ts is answ ered 5 o r th e a rb itra ry au d uu fee lin g ex p ed ien t adop ted , in o rd e r to plaice a w bnie fam ily b eyond th e p a le o f th e law , o f d riv in g th em in to ex ile , even w ith o u t a h e a r in g au d in open defianec o f tho se y e ry in s titu tio n s w h ich had p laced F e rd in au d In rnself upon th e th ro n e . T he Infajitc spoke o f In s n a tu ra l p e rso u , suc^h as G od had form ed h im , a n d ev iden tly m ean t th a t b y h is b irth he w as ca lled to th e eo joy iu en t o f c e r tu u artific ia l r ig h ts , devised a n d c rea ted b y h u m an law«:, fo r the purposes o f socie ty an d g o v ern m en t. T hose law s h ad VC'.ted in h im ab so ln tc r ig h ts , ap p erta in iu g to h im iud iv idoally , an d tra u s itiitlib lc to h is chQ drea__

riR bls w hich could o n ly h e ta k e n Rway by a pKMíCís, equally as suleiuii an d leg a l, a s th a t b y oicaos " f w hich th e y h ad l« c n « o n fe rred . T h c In fau te sp o lo in cx ae tly th c sam e seoiic, as I^m is X IV . d id to P lillip V'., in h is m cm oralile in s tru c tio n s— “ G od, w ho m ad e y o u a K ing , w ill give you th e ncccsw ry know ledge, « h ile you arc gixidfd b y good in ten tio n s .”

T lie do teru iina tiun o f th e M adrid governm en t to odd fo rcc to fra u d , bccam c a p p a re n t from th e tO D C

in w h irh F e rd in a n d ’s first le t te r w as penned . The Q ueen h ad so f a r tr in iiip h cd , an d w as, a t tb c m om en t, e x e n isiuj? a o \in co n tro lled p ow er o v er h e r h u sb an d 's m ind . U n d e r th e se lircu m sian ccsf i t co u ld D o t b e ex p ec ted th a t slie w ould dcsiît, p a r tic u la r ly as th e new m in is te rs w c rc su bserv ien t t(* h e r w ill. In vain w ould Ib e In fan te have appealed to th e luw s an d c la im cd I h e ir benefit, w hen i t w as rp^>lved to remoTC him an d h is ch ild ren os tUr as (losaiblc from tb e »(êne o f ac tion . T h e re wa« in t»cc n o dlspo&Uioo to in v estig a te b is c lu m s . T h eir n a tu re h as how ever b een a lread y e x p l^ n e d , and, a f te r th c proofs addnccd , n o reaso n ab le p e rso n w ill T pnturc to d ispute th e fo rce o f a re g u la tio n w hich, u n d e r c e r ta in lim ita tio n s , excludes icniolcs from th e C row n. I t w ould in d eed be useless to in q u ire any f a i th c r intx) tb e m e r its o f a fixed p rincip ie o f tbc cnonarcbv, adop ted an d cx^nsecratcd in to a fundam en ta l law , w ith a ll th c fo rm s an d so lem nities nc- ccssary t o g ive i t valid ity . T h a t law w h irh F e rd in an d V I I . , bia Q ueen an d »tiinlstcrs w ere sham efully tram p lin g u n d e r th e ir fee t, w as iu re a ii ty eiûally a» pem >anent an d {Constitutional a s th e S a l lq u e la w in F ran ce , w hich I d som e respec ta i t ve«emWcB} and

m

Jet it n e r e r b t fo rgo tten th a t th e F rcn cb C onstitu tio n , cnac ted b y tb e N a tio n a l A ssem bly id 17^1» tbe Sen n tiff o f 1804, w blcb co n ferred thero y a l d ig n ity U(io» N ap o leo n , an d th e se ttlv m en t o f 1830, tra n s fe rr in g th e C ro m i to tb e D u k e o f O r- leoDS, a ll reco g n ized tb a t re s tr ic tio n \ an<l, u f i>ours?, ifs observance w as alw jiys r ig id i a le g itim a te tim es.

T h e non ' que&tiou re g a rd in g tb e SurcessioD bad> how ever, given r is e to a n o th e r c o u tc s t, an d tb a t «contest reg a rd ed p rincip le , n io re th a n r ig h t. W ben t b e C orre spoudencc u n d e r con$iideration passed be- t w « e j i th e tw o b n » t h e r 5 , i t w as ev id en t th a t th e M ad rid an sw ers w ere iiiflucoced and p ro p e lled by paK«io!i«, v e ry U ttle cuniiected w ith tb e ex is ten ce u f a b ^ ra e t rights« o r w ith a n y te e lin g o f attaehm cnC to th e leg a l c la im s o f tlic tw o co n ten d in g partie^^ in tHvour o f w b o m th e c o u n try w m at>out to h e a r rayed . F erd in an d V II- n ev er m erited th e Humamc o f M a g n a n im o u s ; '’ h u t, i f h e b ad , h e w nub l have lo s t i t b y tb e p ro d u ctio n o f th c L e tte rs rc ic r re d to .

'Fhe o rd e r to q u it P o rtu g a l fo r I ta ly w as p erem p to ry , a n d , fo r th e aake o f peace , th e In fa n te expressed h im se lf w illin g to com ply. D esiro u s how ever o f afford ing th e tw o P o rtu g u ese P rin cesses th c o p p o r tu n ity o f iieelng th e ir ro y a l re la tiv e s , from wbom th ey had been sep a ra ted fo r m an y y ears , an d who a t tb e tim e hap p en ed to b e a t B ra g a , h e m ade ar* raugem en ts fo r a m ee tin g a t C o im bra . T h is gave offence a« M ad rid , a lth o u g h on th e d e p a rtu re o f Ihe p e rsecu ted travelled ), th is v e ry o b jec t, as a lready no ticed , w as, b y F erd in an d ’s co n sen t, ^ v e n o u t as a p lea fo r tb e ir absence. N o t con ten ted , how ever, • i t h ex p re ss in g d isp lea su re a t t h t Joierruy, i t was

m

even w i s h e d to d r i v e th em fro m tb e d o m i n i o D S u f t h e K in g o f P o r ta g a l , i n a n i n f e c t e d v e s s e l a n d w i t h -

O Q t m o n e y ; a n d t h e y w ere m o r e o v e r h a r r a s s e d and a s s ^ e d b y e v e r y p e r s o e u t i o Q w h i c h m a l l e e c o u l d

in v eu t.A t len g th th e In fa n te , u n ab le t o b o ar th e in Jig -

nitie .0 h eap ed upon h im , ao d ro u te d b y th e c ru c l and u n ju s t treatBieuC to w h ieh h e w as exposed , fearlessly to ld bia b ro th e r th a t th e id e a u f e u ib a rk in g w as DoC v ery u s e a b l e to b im , an d tb a t b e vietêd i t in e x a c tly th e sam e lig:ht as b e an d h im se lf h ad done tb e ir evU e to V alanây» an d t l ie i r subse^^neut eon- fiu cm eu t in C adiz.” T h ese few w ords e x p r t f s volu m es ! P ro m th e i r boyhood, Che In fan te h ad beea b is b ro th e r ’s io s e ^ r a b le cim ipaniun a n d sh a re d ail h is ro isfortim es. A ^ i n s t b o th w ere tb e enm ities o f G odoy a lw ays d ire c te d , an d w heu, a t th e c lo se o f IdO /, th ro u g h tb e in tr ig u e s o f th a t a r ro g a u t cour* t ie r , th e P r ia c c o f A stu ria s w as a pri'Mmer an d about to b e tr ie d , tb e Inf&iite D o n C arlo s b rav ed th e anjcer o f h is ow n p a re n ts au d defea ted th e pow erfu l cabal fo rm ed ag;aiast h is b ro th e r , b y in s tan tly fly ing to h is defeuec. T o th is f ra te ru a l a id Che ]*riace m aioly ow ed tb e estabU sbm eut o f h is innocence» an d b y its p ro m p titu d e an d efficacy h e w as CQabied eventuÛly l o tr iu m p h o v e r b is enem ies. T h e p o p u la r comiuo* tio u w hich to o k pla^re in M ad rid , in th e a ltem o o a o f tb e 19th o f M arch , I K 6 , w heu th e pu b lic iudigoa* tioQ b u rs t upon G odoy an d h is a d h e re u ts , shew ed tbe es teem in w hieb tb e tw o b ro th e rs w ere th e n held.

T h e P riu c e o f A stu ria s d id n o t a t th a t t im e take a s te p w ith o u t th e In fan te ’s advioe, an d i t is ac know ledged b y m an y w itnesses, as w ell ai» iu the

n jM i aatlfH itu ; m *on i^ o f th e d ay , t h « “ ti ie w a d y d ia m e te r o f th e In fa n te D o o C «rios,” w as o f th e ]^ p a te ? t uM to hiH Iprother, id tb c try in i; dU^tnni&A ia w hich h e v a s pkaced.* N ap o leo n 's le t te rs , fUlcd M thi^y werf^ vvith pi*ote»tAtiou5 Of friendsh ip , ia - d a e ti\ F e rd in a n d V I I . to sen d D o n C arlo s to m ee t th e F rcnch d esp o t a t T ru n ; b u t th is co rnp lim cn t no t Saliicing, th e w ily p lo ile r d isjm tchcd h is corifide^itiol a c e n t S av ary to M ad rid , in oT tW to prcT ail upon th e K in g 1« I'Ooie to B ay o n ae , a n d h e u a fn r ta n a te ly y icfdcd to th c decoycr’s iw a c h e ro u s pcrsaaeioos. T h e event!« w iiich follow ed a re to o w ell re iceu ib e red to q u ire re p e titio n . T h e tw o b ro ih e ra w ore iiB- m u re d in th e e a s tle o f V alao^ay , an d th e Spaniard;; h a d to exUHcale them selreA f r o n th e hoiY ors o f an a rch y , a t th o sam e tim e th a t th c y w ere (talletl u p « n to rep e l a foreig;n in v a d o n . D o n C nrios n ev erth e le ss c lu o i; to th c fo rtu n es o f h is b ro th e r , a n d in 1 8 2 2 a n d 9 , «hared h i s d ^ g e r s an d h is h u m t U a t i o D S

in C adiz.F e rd in an d fo i^ o t t h e ^ an d n um berless o th e r de

m o n stra tio n s o f a ttach m en t, w hen , In h is w e a k m o m en ts, h e sacrlS eed h is d e a re s t b ro th e r , hist bosom W end , an d th e Idol o f th e S pan ish peop le , to the in tr ig u es o f an a sp ir in g w om an , sn p p o rted o n ly by th a t t^!tloD w h ieh h ad alw ays m ost opp ressed him . O n th is sabje<^t m an y cn rions facts an d docum ents a r e d rm b tle « i a re se rv e . T h e In fao tc D o n C arlos, s e d n ^ h im se lf th e v ic tim o f m in is te ria l oppressioo .

* M e ia o r iM F bp aM u U i K o b rt e t O r i |e B y C o n « « n J c io 8 d e k>s

Artuakt, )m AAm de ISIO.

l 2

w h ils t peaidingrin a foreign co u n try , an d a t bom c exposed to ch a rg es w h ich i t w as no l o n ^ in his potf'er t o re b u t, a t U n ^ h re to r te d upon th e K1d§ an d b is m in is te r, b y te ll in g th em , in re p ly t o th e ir acmtsatioDs, th a t h e w as d isobed ien t, i f h e resijited, o r bebaved ecaodalously an d m e rite d pnn iahm eo t, h e w as w illing th a t i t sh o u ld be in flic ted upon h im ; b u t tb a t I f h e d id aoc m e rit kt, h e dem anded fu ll and pub lic sa tisfac tion , fo r whii;h reaso n h e req u ested th a t h e m ig h t b c j u d ^ d acco rd in g to ti ie law s au d n o t tra m p le d to th e g ro n n d .” * In tb e sam e le tte r h e added , “ th a t h is w ounded h o n o u r w o u ld no t allow h im to d e p a r t from P o r tu g a l, w ith o u t ju stice 1>eing done to h im ;* ’ ac th e sam e tim e a ssu rin g hi» b ro th e r , tb a t h e wag pe rfec tly tra u q u il an d re sig n ed ."

H is to ry h as n ev er h ad vecasion to re c o rd sneh aa exam ple o f n»eanness an d perw <nition, as th a t w hich th c C orrespondcneo iu questio n unfolds, d irec ted aga iiis t a n houourab le m a u an d th e law fu l h e ir to a th ro n e , th ro u g h tb e v ile s t in s tru m e n ta lity an d for th c b ase s t pu rposes. IT iese system atic p e rsecu tions w e re n o t how ever lev e lled a g a in s t h im a lo n e : th ey em braced the w hole t íre le o f b is acq u a in tan ce , and w ere specia lly a im ed a g a in s t h is m ore im m edia te su p p o rte rs . O f tb e se p e rh ap s th e fo rem ost, and avow edly th e m o st s tren u o u s, w m th e P rin cess de B e ira . H e r s itu a tio n as a p a re n t, an d a s traD6> m ittin g to h e r S on rig h ts w hich th e iiivalidation o f P h ilip V .’s law w£ks ca lcu la ted to affec t, w ill b c bcvi

• V id e I - c i t e r o f J u ly 9 .

u D d e r s t o o d by a p e ru sa l o f h e r ow n Correspondence^ in se rted io th e A ppendix m ark ed H . In th«ae le tte r s i t w o u ld be difficult to say w h ich is m o st lo bo adm ired— th e h e ro ism o f th e i iy u re d a o d w idow ed P rin cess , o r th e feelings o f th e m o th e r.

C H A P. X I.

p ro te s t o f the K iu g o f N a p le * ^ D a n g e rs to Eim>pe f r o m the a h ro g a tim o f P h ilip V ' i law— fF ould m aferia llt/ affect o u r na iiftna l character a n d en ta il calam ities up/m Spain-^—T h e reaction in fa v o u r o f D o n Carlos ¡rpontaneou»~^His d is in te re s te d n e ssÂ fa m i iy corr^ronxise ou g h t to h<sve been m a d e - ^ l iu nets on learn in g th e K in g 's deuth ’ l m u l t i n g answers f^ v e n io his 07'ertures-^Saerificei maile f o r h is cause in the N o rth ern pro v in re jt^P ro ceed s to the Span ish f i o n t i e r s S e i z u r e o f h is property'— H xs b ru ta l recepticm h y the Christino agents— ‘T h e un- p restion x ^ n D o n Carlos’ m iiu l h y th is IretxinKent—• R is in g in the N o rth ern prm nnces o f S p n i t ^ D o n C-nrioi travels a long the fro n tie rs io I tru g o n xa — Span ish iroops tw ice enter the P ortugvese /«m icw y to m u rder h in ^ ^ H e is pro v id en tia lly saved.

I t w ould bc difficult to find a D ec la ra tio n o f R ights m ore ex p ress , fu ll, an d com prehensive, th a n tU&t reco rd ed id th e L aw o f l*hilip V . ; n o r wa» th e se ttlem en t o f a C row n ev er eff«(;ted nndi*r so m any m om en to u s c ircu m stan ces ; o r in te rm s so congen ial to th e c h a ra c te r an d w ishes o f th e peop le fo r w liom i t w as maiê. I t w a« a se ttle m e n t, eiûally as 3ust an d b in d in g asi tb e A ct o f U ecogn ition passed on th e aci'esHion o f Ja m e s I . , to th e observance and v&lidity o f w h ich P a rlia m e n t dec lo rc^ , th a t tb ey

ttvV

T i' .V

t

w ere bounden b y tKe law s o f G od an d m a n / ' E x ac tly as th is A c t <if Rei'ui^nUion o p e ra te d am ong u8, so di<i th e L aw o f P h ilip V - among; th e S pan iards. I t w as equ a lly a u o rig in a l c o o tra r t , m ade w ith tbe f irs t K iu ^ o f a tiew lin e an d h is p o s te r ity , io wbiuh th c w ho!e n a tio n bouud its e lf to upho ld th e rig h ts o f th a t F am ily . If, p rev iously , th e re h a d been any donbt^> o r d ispu tes re^^ardlng th e r ig h t o f j^uocessioD, h ere th e y e n d e d ; and th c k ingdom becam e a t once re lieved from th e d read o f eiv il w a rs , a o d secu red a g a in s t th e domiQiou o f a fo re igu ru le r.

T h e K in g o f N ap les is a n o th e r p a r ty in te re s te d in th e in rio la b ility o f th a t L aw , a u d h e th e re fo re deem ed lc iocu m b eu t upon h im to proCciit against th e a tte m p t to ab ro g a te IC, b y ca llin g th e P riace ss Isabel to th e th ro n e . T h is P ro te s t m ay b e re a d in th e A ppend ix L T h c g ro u u d s upon w h ieh th e dc* elaratiiini» re» t, a r e in m o st rc sp ec ts s im ila r to tho se a rg u e d i a th c p reced in g p ag es . T h e a rg u m en ts used a r e p e rfe c tly conclnsivc, an d te n d to p ro v e “ chat a n o rd e r o f suceession, estab lished , a s th is w as, b y th e coQBent an d u n d e r t l ie ^ a r a n t c c o f a l l th e p rin c ip a l p iw e rg o f E u ro p e , an d recogn ized sueeessivcly Id v arious T re a tie s cun e lu d e d w ith th o se pow ers, h as becom e o b lig a to ry an d u n a lte rab le , an d has tra n sm itte d tu a l l th e d esee n d aD ts o f P h ilip V . r ig h ts w hich, as th e y w ere o b t ^ e d b y th e sacrifice o f o th e r r ig h ts , th ey c a n n o t re linqu ish w ith o u t m a te r ia l io ju ry to them selves, n o r w ith o u t fcullDg in th e considera tion due to th e illu strio u s h ead an d fo u n d er o f th e i r d y n asty .” *A nd y e t th is is Che u n d e , p ro -

V ide P ro lN l.

te s tin g ag a in s t tb e e n ta il b«ÍD^ b ro k en io favour uf b is owu niece

K o occurreoire co u ld h ap p cu so d an g ero u s t o tbe g cu c ra l pcacc , an d a t tb e sam e tim e s o destructive o f tho se p r ia d p le s w h ich h o ld tb e E n ru p eau Com* m onw ealth together^ a s &n a l te ra d o u iu tlie i»u<!ceS' sion to th e C row u o f S pain , p a rtic u la riy b y su fh il le g a l and d isg race fu l exp ed ien ts as tho.4e a lready described. I t w ould open th e d u o r to d u im s o n tbe p a r t o f A o strla , an d a t som e fu tu re p e rio d , ru ight p la c e th c C row ns o f S p a in a n d F ran ce , an d possibly o f P o rtu g a l, upon th e <samc b ead . I t w ould establish a p reced en t a ftec tin g th e t i t le s by w bieb o th e r sovere ig u s hold th o ir tb n m e s ; and , in tb e pre&ent ag ita te d au d p e rilo u s s ta te o f E u ro p e , s e t au exam ple o f an u t te r d is re g a rd o f t h e m ost so lem n T rea tie s , a n d co n seq u en tly l o o s c D th e o b lig a tio n s upou w bieh th e y a rc founded . As l eg ard s ourselves, i t w ould am o u n t to a d ire c t c o D d e m n a t i o n o f tboi^e p riu d p le» upun w h ich o u r aneeslo rs a c te d , iu o rd e r to o b tu c a b a rr ie r fo r th e D u tc h a u d p re v e n t th e uu ion o f tw o C row ns j an d w ould a t once re n d e r o f n o avail a l l tho se co o rm o u s sacriS ccs m ad e b y Q ueen A une, to M?CTire tb e g re a t ftUjects w bieb sh e b a d in view, w h en sb e and h e r A llies dec la red w ar a g a in s t Loal» X IV .* I t w ould b e san c tio n in g a grt*at a n d pnbllc

* S v U t, Id hi% ■■ I l i i t u n ' u f th « fo u r o f < ¿aén A u d » ," b ta|rr ric fT « d eoclr« s n t d d r f s i a y o a tJ ib n b j ^ , s«t)j>o»c«l to tia r« b f* »

fr’o c i t h e p m n f S ir T h rk sae H a n ia^ r , v h ic f i ih « I l o u e n f C u o m o n e ia

■ body ^re»«otcd to H e r M ajccty . I i e u o U iiu t n i a a t e d e^ H (X io a o f

Uw f m t M criAcea oih l c jrp m re * i& curred So t h r proM C H iius n f (b e w ar «vhich f n i t a 1b th e P c m c o f U ü 'f ^ t . U w o o ld b c weJI fo r t b » « n t o

Ih iu k Mi lig h tly o f TrbAt U B bw <íoin$ (■ 9j)«ÍK, to p«rw ie Ib is p »pfr .

« ro n g f to tb e 8caoi]al v i a l l E u ro p e , an d to the d « tn m e u t o r iodivlduala o f tbe b i^hen t cbaracCcr. I t w ould afford fra u d and u su rp olio a a l l th e ad> vaiita^res < f a tr iu m p h j an d whH st tb c Gonde- qucoces o f such an e sa m p lc , b o th upon o u r n a tio n a l fam e an d upon tb e destin ies u f m an k in d , w uu ld be m o st se rious, d ie re s is tan ce on th c p iu t o f the S p an ia rd s in m t tiecedgarily deluge th e ir co u n try in b lood , an d k eep iC convulsed fo r y e a rs to com e, i t b e in g im possib le to foresee th e te rm in a tio n o f the aw ful d ra m a a lread y com m enccd.

In rh iU p V -’s tim e , peri^jTcrance an d th e u n a n im ity c»f sen titn en t, c rc a tc d by a n a tte m p t to jio> pose upou che S p an ia rd s a P rin ce tu w hose accession th e y b a d tb e m ost ro o te d ob jections, saved tb e ir co u n try from d e g ra d a tio n ; a n d tb e t^atne w ill now happen . S p u n tb e n re q u ire d a change u f dynasty , the $iaiue as she does n o w ; an d s tran g e as i t m ay sound to m an y persons accim ted b y p rejud ice, th e re is no o th e r m an b u t (b e In fan te D o n C o ilo s who c<»old h e a l tb e w ounds o f biá un h ap p y c o u n try . T be re a c tio n in b is in te re s t, w h ich h as n o w las ted six n iu n ths an d bafHed a ll th e Q u een 's effo rts, w as n o t p reeo u ee rted . D u rin g F erd in an d ’s life tim e, h is le> g a l succe.'^MOr n ev er w ould a llo w o f an y p rep a ra tio n s b e in g m ade in h is o w n faTour, c re n a f te r b e b im se lf h ad ex p erien ced th e grirs$iesc in su lts au d th e vile¡(t p e rseeu tious. T ru e to b is w o rd , b e wx^uld no t suffer th e sub jec t to b e to u ch ed upon in h is p re se in « . As h is OR’u C orrespondence shew s, b e re p e a te d ly re* je c te d o v ertu res p ressed upon h tm to ta k e tb e g o v e rn m en t in to h is ow n h an d s , d u rio g th c K in g ’s

first illn ess , a t a tim e w heu th e p u b lic io d i^ a t io D w as ro u sed to th e hij^hest pU ch h j th e scaodaloua p rocecdm gs io th e M ad rid palace.

T h e re U n o t a sing le a c t o f h o s tility agaiosC h is b ro th e r 's r ij^C s fo r w hich th e Inflante D on Carlos can b e rep ro ach cd . O n th o 4 th o f O ctober, lit* re - c e ire d th e o fflna) accoanC o f liis iH 'other’s dea th , ao d e x p re s s e d h is a n x ie tf to avoid th e calam ities o f a ciy tl w nr. H e im m ed ia te ly w ro te ao affectiona te a o d coiiinli& tiug le t te r to th e Q ueen D o iv a ^ e r, asi^uring: h e r th a t sh e sh o u ld l>e t r e a te d w ith a ll th e considcratioQ due to h e r r a n k . In o rd e r th a t th e affairs o f S ta te u iig b t ou t experieD ce an y d e ra n ^ e - m e u t, h e confirm ed (h e m io iste rs in th e ir severa l p la e c s ; an d th e to n e o f hi» conxm uoieatious sufficient c a ro e s t, t h a t h e wit» stiU dispof^ed to ue- g o tia te 0 ( 1 th e sam e h a w p ro p o sed iu h is coraiouni- ea tions w ith th e la te K iu g ’s confidentia l emifs&ry, th e C oun t d e la A lcudia .*

T h e £act is, th a t if F e rd io a o d V l l . h a d been aetn> aCe<i b y a w ish to r th e publii; w elfare , o r b y fe e lio |^ o f com m on juHtxce to w ard s h is b ro th e r , h e ucTer w o u ld have e n te re d u p o u a fo u rth m a rr ia g e , a t so la te a p e rio d u f life an d in h is deb ilita ted s ta te nf h e a lth , w ith o u t a preTionij com prom ise w ith th e m an w hom , fu r y e a rs , th e n a tio n an d h e h im nelf h ad v iew ed in th e c h a ra c te r o f H e ir A p p aren t to the th ro n e , i l f te r th e eaJa in ities w hich b a d befallen th e n a tio n , th ro u g h h is o w n im p n id cn ce , th e people h ad a r ig h t to e x p e c t t h a t tb e K in g w ould d o d o

V i a « p i f e 1 4 4 .

actf u d f« jm HO eouDec;tioii, t^ lc u la te d to expose t h c D » to th c horrors o f a c i T i L w a r. S e r f d m o nths o ^ l e r t h e d em ise u f h u t th i rd ( ¿ n e e n , a fo u rth w a »

c a U e d to skftTC th e u < i d « r d rc w M te n e e sv h i d i ex e ited o tk e r feelio^a th a n tho se o f m ere a u fp r i^ . Ic w as th en h o p td th a t som e fa ro ilj ar< rangem en« h a d been m ad e , eveu before che o io rriage c o u t r a c L w as signed . T h is ondi^io ii rriigh t s till have been reu ied ied b y a fa iu ily o lliaace , in th e ruaoo«r proposed by tb e In fkn te lum selft w bo, w h ilst h e w as aoxii>a8 to !« c u re righcfl w bich tliro u g h h im d e- seecd ed Co o th e rs , n ev er covetCed che C row n fo r h im sel/. T h e Q u eeu had« huw«fver, siuxn^ded in h er Hr6t in ti’igued, an d en co u rag ed by che couutesiance whi«^b b e r aet$ an d design« h ad m e t w ith , 6ho a t len g th bid open defiauce b o th \o tb e law s a u d p ub lic o p in io n ; uHUjjndiul t h a t th e ccKnpleCkou o f h e r schcmeif d ep en d ed w th £ )i?iM4 o f tw o in fan ts.

T h c rn in irte r’s» answ ers tra n s iu it te d from M adrid CO th e loCante’s £ r s t le t te rs , in w h ich b e a»?umed th e t i t le aw ard ed to h im by th e law s, am ouB i^d to a frcsK an d revo ltifig o u trag e . In s te a d o f b re a th in g an y th in g lik e cotnpromiHe, o r concllia tlou , th ey ca lled th e m an , rev e red by th c S pan ish p eo p le , “ a d isloyal P rin c e a u d a d is tu rb e r of th e publrc p eace ,” IQ th e sam e b re a th th re a i« n ln g h im w itb a ll th e r ig o u r o f tb e law^ i f b e e n te re d S p a in , and tu form ing liim Char h is properCy an d th a t o f \iU fam ily w ould b e im m ed ia te ly Be4)uestrated.* E a r ly in th e san:ie

* Thii iLreai w»« ftfienvkrds cam ed (neo cffcct, í í ■cot frjo i úse f o i l o w lh f a a c n e » o f ro lly r o n A n n e d u m I d c « b ¡v e

i h t r c nc<ii)lr«d ( h e fa i« t c c rU io ty t h u ( h e lai'<án(e D o n C « (lu»

m o n th (O ctober) C barles V . p roceeded to th e froa-* t ie r s v f EstpemadxiTQ, in o rd e r to p lace h im se lf a t th e hea<l o f th e tro o p s w ho m ig h t p re se n t theja& ely«, an d tb eu ce p roceed to M ad rid , hav ing p rey io n s lj ad d ressed a proelam aH on to th em .* A fte r a fo rt-

U id o r o h u a d o p te d « h o ^ b J c K M l i i t iu g , u d M p l r « (o u » iu > tb e

o r m j k o |n « t D i u j h i e r , l> o 6 * I m I k I U M ., l a ip i f< © f th «

t 'lio d A e K B O l I a w i f i h z S a t e , o f d i e f a jc W m o f i M K n g , r t f ;

L u b u d . * n d o f i b e u s e a t o f ( h e o h I m , t o l c m n i j j l v e e i o t b e '*

C o r « B , b y t h c p re iM e s , « r u d e e « . n o b ie * , a n d d e i n t i e s o f C U i « , a •'

w h o i e p ro S r tO ttio M o f fidc lU y l o t b e K k * ! eM e» ( d e o j l iW r , I b e %

B B iu c l i« i i» i€ i »od dvU k u ib o r t i ie * of iU k in g d o m Uf« Jo lf te d , .1 T i U i v h c w t u t w v y w O B ld jv lu u fe t b e f t i ih f u l S p u u s b u t a o n Inh)

«a »by« of liorron r td dUMten, after all ihjit It h u «mftred io tbis Ve. This a«e jwt, u»d aj I lAonot »ufler wteiDpls to cxri*« fWn w ajBOBS my people by tbe fee«ns whkL were iatended &r tbe pro(»er a»d if&rlhy support of • penoa, »bo m bo«nd both by bis eralted sutaon »od the Iks of couaitfQiBity» to mpcct the Mkoo»l«drei] riiht of thc deoetiter of bit BN»il.er, u d toaAintMn it tbe km^doio that u/ wbich U b u oeed iur (be itapjinxmeau Md j>w»perity wbWi I bnp« to |.rociire H, J ban: decided» and Older by (be pj«eo( Deere, the tionedut« teqiMirstioa n i adjudiotioti to the Royal T n te v j of aU propcny, of *h.tcrBr ¿««riptloa, rcnfe, remiBei aad crtdics, belonging cUbcr *« property io poMetuoa, or uii^rruci, (o tie taii (bi»atv Doa Carioe. Belif coovioced of Ihe »bidty u d seaj In iheBoyid jerrice of Don Radob Lopes PeleplB, Hioi&ter of tbe Cuuocil aad Chaabvr of CwtUe. I ajipoiBl hSB Ott Royal ConioiaaioBer, priay h la ali BerciMrr jwirm for Ihc cieeoiaoii of tb« pr«tea( Derree, in an ¡t« pttn#, aadfbr appctaiia* u d diMiiafjiaf depo«ioiriei, kdjntaiatrator# u d tii otbsr f*T909M, m be iwy Judfe proper, for the better ril6liD«at of ihi* wrenipi retoJa- (ioa. Yoq wUI »Udiid to thi» « d (ake c u t of iu ioll «ucntion.

Signed by the Qi iiM.The Palace. October 17th, \i33.

To D o b F. de Ze« HOTondet.

• 9«bj«a«l U a tr«uiuion. This piocJwMfioo, and «o tier ad- di'edtcd to tbe Spanish p«oplc, pledfkg aa iiuncity for a(l poJilWal

n ig h t's tr ia l , a iid finding; tb a t G en era l R o d il’s p re cau tions re n d e red th e ir s ta y upon th a t p o in t both dangerous an d useless, tb e K in g an d Q ueeu , acr:otn* p an ied by a few u n arm ed atCeudaot'«, tra rcU ed on ho rseb ack a lo n g th e f ro n tie r as t a r as D ra^au za , eo n ttn u a lly exposed to b e taken> o r a ssassiu a ted by tb e L ibera l p arty .

oS eacea , a p v> t h f ( i » e o f bia M c o tu o o , w «r« Uie 6u}y o o es ü i\t« á b f hiB U tbe tifM A|]|Kled lu.

C B A ItL id V . to í M ^ e u f r é i í , t ^ x * 4 n U . c « r f« r a U , é » 4 « /Ä e r »

« / t h e é r m f .

C alJfd b r G o d to o c n p r th e S p to l ib tbruai* , i s o rd e r to riffenrl hi» b e d ; CMM a d p r o u o te tb e b ip p B « c s « f to y p e c f le , ^ d e d b j (h e kn o w -

l e ^ « ltd f td f in o f tiie m o s t la J i fb te n c d a o d a p r i ^ p m o M , irb o »balJ e r e r b e a t m y a id e , «U n j p ffo ru wiU b e d ire c te d tu th e » t tw a -

o e n t o f th e se g ru i l objeetii. D o n o t d o « b t e y w otii— the»« w e n y

w éah u a e d m y oo ly aoib ltioQ . I a lso d e s ire tn re ach th i» b a p p f ter*

n lbA tjoD o f m ji ho p M , w lü io u t tb e p a b ik tn tn q e i] li ty b e iiis d U ts rb c d ,

a n d w ^ ü io a t u y l u t i m l i y pvareaM e d d p o tU io n b e lo s »0 h r (oag ira iiK d M lo have to pan 'iab tb o w p c rio n a w h o , d lio b e d te ^ i to n y piieiHAl

a d v ice , « o d M tad ed , o r led 4« tra> , »btHÜd ro a t in u a oppoaioR re«)cian(e to ih«; loñtjtB »«:; o f n f HgLts,

I h ope tB O oú tb M Í ih a l l o u t b e d i i*en lo t h b a v f a l a l t e m u i f e . O a

th e c o n tra ry , ( p ra y h i t s to liic lje c k s d lead y ou to th e pre«erv*(ion o f

tb a t h o o o u r , lo ju s tly ie i |n ir e d b ; t h e io fa lty a n d v a lo u r la i^ p a ra b lf

froiD th e n a ilo fu l c h a n e t e r , b f u a i t io g y o a to y o u r K m c, e a tb v froA-

tte ra o f S p a in , o r to th e d im io o s a o d partóe» w h ich , in w an y aJid ^ ftriow dlM rict«, h av« a lre ad y d ec la red l a n y fit'O Q r, to th e com -

lU B d c rs , o fic rrK , a a d s e x t a n t « o f » h i e b , ( Mirant a corre« poadio i:

a d d u c e m ra n k , w e ll a^ pn)|i0 r t i0iJ i te p a r ^ w ifca v i d c h ild m i o f tb n ee w h o a i ty pcriah i a ao )«ist a eoD(««l, a a d a l io » i t« p o f l u k to

aJl o f y o i * h o B a ; p r e ic n t y o c r te l« » , w ith in th e t e r » o f o s e coonth,

w h ich 1 fier«by £ io a tb ia d a te , w U h o at d e t r i io o i t to o th e r a d fa n -

U fM , to w h ic h y o a r« ffb rt4 a n d McriiW«« m a y h e re a f te r eo t* tle y o u ;

a n d i d 8*7 su ld ie ra I fu r th e r p ledge aocb (U«tliH:tiOD3 a n d aha(«ineua» ft’O a ie rv le e , m tb e y zoay re^>ective)y r la iio , a l) w h ich 1 w ill g r a a t , ro

*<Kro aa p i'ace n á c ü ta n f l ta o c e a »hall p e r a i t . C aA ello R ra& co, N ov.

*> 1 ^ . (S^ed) I IHR

■f'T lie Rieaii s n d despicable insultH levelled a t a

CaatiliaQ P rm ce— a P rio c c dcsccndod from l*hilip V . an d th e h(trea fa t iu a trf th e th ro re> to g e th e r w ith th e s tra tag em s em ployed lo eutr&p an d m u rd e r him« w h ils t liD gcring on th c coofioes n f EB trcm aduca, a re $iubjeets le ft t o fôme o th e r p en to re c o rd . T h c au - th c D tic d e ta ils by cyc-wicnei^«es a re p rese rv ed , and th e y eoutftio nAHAeoua t ru th s w h ich m ust, a t som e fu tu re p erio d , b c b ro u g h t in to p u b lic v iew . P a r tia lly 'a t ra c e d a t th e tiro c in som e e f th e Londoo J«>\irtialSt ^ an d em b rac in g only a few n a k e d an d iso la ted facts* th e y nevertU elebs aO cet th e scn ^fif aîd a lm o st o v erpow er th e ju d g n ie u t u f th o se , w ho re flce t upon tb e a tro c ity o f th c m ean s ad o p ted to im pede th e en try u f D o n C arlos iu to thoM^ dom iu ioas w bieli, o n ly a fo r ta ig b t before, law fully re v e r te d to h im , I 'h e e f íe e t w hieU th e se u o e x p e e te d o u tr a g e s p ro d u c e d upon h is fe e liu g a o d v i r tu o n s m in d , m a y b e easily cencflivfid . A b so rb e d iu h is w i^-bfs to r e n d e r hi« cu u n try m cu h a p p y , fro rn th c v e ry ñi*st> h e r e g a rd e d h is o w u aeoesîvn to r o y a l ty as a n o b je c t u f re g re t , r a th e r th a n o f t r i u io p h ; h u t , e n c o u ra g e d b y th c Q u e e n , lu o k iu g a t h is c h ild ren , a n d s t im u la ta l b y a s t ro n g seusc o f th e ju s t ic e o f b is cau&c, h e re$u>lvcd t o e x e r t h im s e if f u r th c d e fe n c e o f b is p e o p le au d b ra v e every h a z a r d .

B y thÍ9 time> th c s ta n d a rd o f oppositio n against tlie Q ueen h a d been r ^ s c d in th e N o rtlie ru p ro v in ces ; an d iu ev e ry o ilie r p a r t o f th e k iogdom , even in th e c a p ita l an d u n d e r tb e v e ry b ay o n e ts o f a p icked a rm y , th e sam e dem o n stra tio n s in fa v o u r o f th e r ig h ts o f th c p e rsecu ted ex ile w ere evinced s w h ilst h e h im self, lik e o u r A lired a f te r h is defea t by

th e D au es, w as w ao d e rin ^ a lm o s t a looo oo th e con- fioes u f th a t k ingdom w hich h a d ju s t devolved upon h im , th e bappijiess a c d p ro sp e rity (»f w b ich o c n i- pieil aU hia th o u g h ts , a n d w h ere tb e fbulesC o f usur2»atiou9 b a d re u rc d i ts b ead . S p u a w as th en on th e eve o f a civ il w a r, a s th e re seem ed to b e bn t one tr ib u n a l to w b ich th e ap p e a l could b c c a r r i e d ^ th ia w a s /« o v e r ; ao d to i t b o th p a r tie s c?ere rcsolvc^d to r e ru r . T h e h a rd y B iscayans a n d N aT arresc longed, w h h th e devo tion a n d p a tr io tic a rd o u r u f o ldeu tiw e s , to jo in In th e g lo rio u s fray , an d lead e rs Uaving BpoQtaueonsly p re se o tc d theiuflelvcs, sm all a rm ies w ere soon fo n tied , o f m eu lu u a re d to h a rd ships and p re p a re d fo r ev e ry d an g er. E ven the womcD fe lt ai) i f tb e ir io su lted c o u n try ca lled upon the to to av en g e its w r o u ^ 5 w h ils t th e p a re n t to h ii son , every w h e re s ^ ,

t b e b o u r

(( coruo, tt> ab«w tb ; generous bean ;T t iM n o t w i t h t h e e t b e b Q c k l r r « o d t h « s p e a u

A r e i l l e o t r o s i c d ( o n i J u t « Ì i i i c M it c ,

& o i r e a t a n d M c r e d 1

H is to ry w ill h e re a f te r h av e m n ch to re c o rd o f the w a r w ag ed a g a in s t th e a d h e re n ts o f C harles V ., in th e N’o rth e ru p rov inces o f S p a in . T h c h e a r t w h ich lia s n u t y e t bccom c callous to ev e ry th in g ca lm ilated to e x a lt o u r n a tu re , sickens a t th e w anton w aste o f hum an life w h ich Ih e P y re n e a n P en in su la a t tbi» m om en t p re sen ts , th c trem en d o u s resp o n sib ility o f w hich does, an d mui<t, r e s t upon tb e sho u ld ers o f tho se w ho first san c tio n ed , a n d bave since upbeid , th e l e a s e s fo rm ed a g a in s t th e law s, in te re s ts , and w ishes, o f b o th o f it« d iv isions, l i i e m ilita ry m as-

«acre«, sp o lia tio n s an d o th e r rev o lu tio n ary ex p ed ie n ts , adop ted by < ^ c c n C h ris tin a ’s officers and SigCTiU, in o rd e r to p u u ish ao d e x te rm in a te a people w ho fauoded the juBticc o f th e ir f&u«^ upoii iho v e ry S ta tu te s w liich , till now , th c y h ad been tan g h t t o obey an d rev ere , w iil o o t find a p a llia tiv e in the b reas t o f a Briti&h m o n arch , how ever th e y m ay p lease !iis m in is te rs . T b e sufferlogs an d n rong;s of tb c B iscayan an d N avarrc?e p a tr io ts a re g r i 'a t b e yond e x a m p le ; b u t fecU o^, as Chcy d id , th a t tht^ir co u n try m en , in w hatsoever shape opprci^scd, w ere w ith tiiem , aod th a t ev en tua lly th e y niu«it tr iu m p h , ^ th ey have w ithstood a ll th e p ow er ao d all th e an g er o f th e ir savaije opponen ts.

R cv ertio g to w h a t w as parsing; o n th e P o rtu g u ese fi*ontiers, i t w ill h e re be p ro p e r to ad d , th a t the C/iristino governm en t, aw are th a t C h arles V . was d e te rm in ed to g d lo pos5ession o f bis th ro n e w ltb ' n u t fn re ign aid, an d th a t b e tru s te d o n ly to such spoo taoeous efforts w ith in h is ow n k in g d o m as m igh t be 1 0 ado in h is behalf, changed th e reg im en ts and g a rn so n s upon tb e froo tie i‘&, d re a d iu ^ tb e ir con tac t w ith th e m an w hom th e y w uu ld have g lad ly hailed aft th e ir sovere ign . T b is p recau tio n ad o p ted to avoid fu r th e r d esertion , 200 oflit’crs an d ab o u t 2000 p r iv a te s hav ing , b y th e com m eocem eiit o f D ecem b er, q u itted th c Chrutiru> a rm y an d so u g h t an asylum iti P o rtu g a l.

O n e o f th e e a r lie s t m easu res ad o p ted b y the C /iru tino i^ v c m m c n t w as, Ih e issu in g o f an o rd e r to th c m ilita ry co itiiuauders, s ta tio n e d n e a r the P o rtu g u ese fro n tie rs , to eh oo t e v e ry person e n te rin g th e S pan ish te r r i to ry , p ro te c te d by un arm ed

fo rce , w ith o u t a n y difitiitcHon o f p c r s o m ," w \i\th o rd e r, b y those to w ho ta ic w as addrei«sed, w as co n - stderttfl as iinm ediA tciy ap p ly in g to Ih c ro y a l ex ile au d h is fam ily . N oc n o n te c t wich th is uttfarious Tnmidate? tiiB M îdrid goT ernm îit p ro '^ e d e d a step fu rth e r . I d th e iiig;ht o f th e 1st o f D ecem b er, a S pan ish fuiw’c o f '2000 in faD try a n d 8 0 c a v a lry cro ssed the I ’o r t u ^ e s c fro n tie rs , an d [iroceeded to M irao d a d e T>onn>, su rro u n d ed th e p lacc a t 4 i a th e m o rn iu g a n d a t 6 en te red .* ThL^ fo rce w as co m m aad cd by G enera l B o d il, w ho u n b ln sh iu g ly s ta te d t h a t h is o b jec t waR to deize D on CaHog. T lie l a t te r h ad , how ever, le ft th e p lace in th e m orD iog o f th e 1st, havinj^ receive<1 titu e iy noti<*e o f th e p ro jec ted m ovc- in en l. O u th e 4 th o f th e sam e m o n th , a n o th e r R j)anish corps o f 8 0 0 strongs comtnand^^d b y G enera l S an J u a n u a an d accom pan ied by a b ro th e r o f Gene* r a l M o rillo , e n te re d B ra g a n z a an d d rew u p in fron t o f th e B ishop’s p a la c e , w h ere D o n C arlo s hod lodged. T lie l a t te r h a d , how ever, w ithdrftw n th e previous cvcniD g w ith h is spouse to V il la R e a l, h is ch ild ren b e in g a t th e tim e a t T o r re d e M oncorvo w ith the Princes« d e B e ira . W h e n th e o i^ c e r ootunsanding th e S p an ia rd s le a rn t th a t th e K in g w as n o t th e re , an d duubtlesA re flec tin g upou tb e m elancho ly d u ty w hich h e w o u ld o th erw ise have h ad to perfo rm , he ex p ressed h is iîaduess a t th e acc id en t. Iu th is m&n* Lt^r w as th e law fu l h e ir lo th e S p a n ish th ro n e tw ice p ro v id en tia lly saved fro ra a tra g ic a l e n d , s im ila r to t l ia t w hich befe l th e D u k e d ’E ng h icn .

* ThU p U c f , t t t b e m oB ten t, h« d o o l j '« g a rtia u o o t l>0 s c b , i l l inT&}ids.

M

C H A P . X I ! .

D re a d fu l situa tion o f D o n Carlo*— T ke S p a u u h p ^ h fuaert h is rig lus— T h e B r itis k o u g h t to have ascertained the sta te o f ilte law and o f puhtic opinion— (ieneral delusioiu regarding îpaiyt a n d P u riu g a l— T ite p la n s adupled f o r them revoluH m m ry. D o m P edro 'e conduct. X e iih er he,n o r h is daugh ter have a n y r ig h t to the throne__P ortuguese L a w o f Succession— H o w h r a z i l tc ^ cam e indctm tdent— l/r tjm i p o licy o f E n g la n d in a d m iitin g l/ta t he had r ig h ts lo the Portugue*e throne— T k e poujsrs o f the tw o R eg en ts illegal— T h e ir a^'ts e p u tlly so a n d m u st he co n d e tn n ed ^T h e Span iards a n d P ortuguese w il l neiêr su h m it to su th usifrpiUion»— i>ur p o liry toivards them «•- Toneoui. T h e Succession m u^t be J lr s l settled-— fT ith o u t th is n o governm ent in S p a in , o r P o rlu g a l, can be la s tin g , E r ro r s regard ing the Pent7isula— I t s irJiabitants opposM to experim en ta l revoluHons.E rro rs in 1812 and 31). D aîgcrs o f L ibera lism __A C onstitu tion tnay be im provedt b u t no t 8ub- I'erted— l h e JU ta in to R e a l n o l Cons/Hutional— J revoiu /ionarj/m easure a s m uch a s the Consiiluiirm o f J812. J o te l la n m opinion o f C onstitu tion m a k in g — D read fu l s ta te u f S p a in ^ T K e people lo o k u p to D o n Carlos as th e ir o n ly hope— H is character— D evoted to the ancien t conititHtioî— H e o n ly could heal the w ounds o f S p u in . CcnclM ion.

to th e d read fu l « itua tiou in w hich h e stood, bcFPt r»D all s ides, an d fly ing from th c m urderous

an d Uplifted weapon»^ o f riv a l’i« ag e tit«, th e bro* tb c r o f F erd in an d V i I . wus ob lig ed co w ithd raw to a p lace o f safe ty a u d leave th c v lndicatiun u f hiH r ig h ts to tbe Spaoi.sli peop le ; a ta s k w hich th e y h ad a lread y u i)dcrtakcn , o f tb e ir ow u accord , a n d w hich th ey o re now p erfo rm in g , th o u g h a lm o st unarm ed , a t th e ir ow n risk . L ittle aw are o f th e o u trag es to w hich th e ir sovere ign h as been exposed , th e y have v o lu n ta rily te u d c rc d h im th e ir a lle g ia u c e ; ao d the sequel u f th e s tru g g le w ili p rove th a l th e y a re no t p rep a red to subm it to e i th e r oppression , o r dis- lionour. A w ar o f e x tc rm lu a tio n U p roclaim ed agaiui^t th em , a u d iu i ts p roneru tion a tro c itie s a rc com m itted w hich ch ill th c blood w ith h o r r o r ; b u t th is m ode o f re ta lia tio n w ill u o t d a u n t th e courage o f tho se w ho a re figb tiug th e nation*» b a ttle s , aud wbo ac tu a lly b e lie re th a t th e re is n o happ iness on e a r th , n o r forgiveness h e re a f te r , shou ld th e y d ese it th e b tu incrs u n d e r w h ich th e y a re now ra n g e d . The d evo ted p e a sa n ts a re sh o t, lik e th e b eas ts o f ihe field, an d th e ir l i ttle ten em en ts la id w a s te ; bu£ siic li c ru e l ojid a trucious espedienbs a rc l i t t le ca lcu la ted tl) reconc ile tb e sufferers to tin; h an d th a t inflicts them , Of to crow n Q ueeu G hri» tiua w ith laurel» . By m eans o f fa lsehoods au d appeals to th c b asest passions, th e {Supporters o f u^urpatio ti have endeavoured to s t i r u p th e peop le a n d a rm th e so n ag a in s t the ^ t h e r , in th c hope o f llg h tm g u p a coa£ogra tion tb a t can o n ly b e qucnchcd b y th c b luod u f th e ir o p p o n en ts ; b u t th e se artifices c a n n o t p ro v u l over d iscern ing S p an ia rd s , u o r a l te r th e ir invincible ab ho rren ce o f th e coUmsions w hich p receded th e K ing ’s dea tli.

i d o

l l i c s p a n i »-ds, lik e th e P o itugueR i, a w « n g a ^ d in a <‘au8C, w holly n a tio n a l. T h e y a ^ o o ly u free ag;cticy in th c lr ow n affairs ao d (h e observance of th e ir ow u in « tita tio n s. T h e tru e sp ir it an d b eariag o f stK h a L aw o f S u c re ^ io n m th a t described in th e p reced in g png;es, c a n n o t b e m a tte r o f dnnbt, o r q n p stio u ; au d before th e g o re rn m e u t o f a B ritish m ooarch u fk n o w } e d ^ d Che r i^ C e o f D oe, f> r wb«se so le benefit; i t was to b e se t a side , th ey o a g b t b> h av e a sc e rta in ed w h e th e r th e ind ispensab le legal fo rm alities h ad b eeu cMutplied w ith ; w h e th e r the g re a t m a jo r ity o f th e u a tio u w ould co m en t to su b m it to th e d e ran g e tn en t o f a fu n d am en ta l S ta tu te , effected tliro u ^h th e ageuey o f p a r tie s w hose sin ce rity th e re w as w e r y rea>4nn to s a s p e c t; and w h e th e r th e re d s ta u e e o f th e S p an ish peop le w as n o t lik e ly t o oppose an in o p e ra b le b a r r ie r to the am bitioîs -designs o f -an a sp irin g a n d intriguirtg^ w om an , o f w hose <*on<lurt th e y w ere w itnesses, and o f who&c acis th e y a re th e bea t ju d g e s .

'I 'he g en e ra l delusÌé»o re g a rd in g b o th S p a r i and 1‘o r l u ^ , ariiêa o u t o f th e sam e p o litic a l e r ro rs th o se w h ich liavc re e c n tiy d is tu rb ed th e p eace aud bappine&d o f o th e r E u ro p ean tia d o n s , an d unhinged ev ery th in g am o u g onrêlves. U pon b o th (countries i t w a» w i«hed to im pose a s o rd e r o f th in g s w hich does n o t h a n o o n ise w ith th e wishe?a an d prejudices o f th e in h a b ita n ts ) an d in p e rs is tin g in th e a ttem p t to c a r ry it in to eT coution , w e òu>y ad d to th e in ju s tic e o f th e o rig in a l d e p ij^ . W h en ih c A zores cx jied ition w eu t a g ^ n s t P o r tu g a l, w e w ere to ld th» t i ts o b jec t w as sau c tio n e il b y th o se p o w ers, npon w hose su p p o rt th e C o n stitu tio n a lis ts co u ld re ly for

pviiticaJ in d ep eo d cace} th u t tb e BriU^sh an d Trench ^overum euta b a d a g ro a t an d im m edia te iutcrci^tiQ its imvc«6s; an d tU&t tin s w as th e o n ly m ean s o f rcu d c rio ^ th e P o rtu g u ese h ap p y , prosperoxis> aod united . \

E x a c tly th e sam e w as, s ix m ou tlis ag o , sa id o f S p a in , a co u u try now eq ually p lu n g ed in tu a ll tbe bgrron» o f a civ il w a r : a n d c a a w e e x p e c t to be m ore fo rtu n a te /Atf«, th a n w e b av e b een iu P o r tu g a l? W h a t, in tb e la t te r c o u n try , have w e gm ned b y o u r th eo rie s au d ex p erlm ao ta ? T h e cuast o f P o rto g a l Is liud w aste , th e ag ricu ltu re o f the in te r io r destroy««!, an d scarec iy is th e re a fam ily th a t is n o t a t th is m om en t c lad iu tb e deepest m ourn ing . N o t one o f th e p rospec ts—r o t oue o f th e blessiuga, h e ld o u t w hen th c e x p ed itio n sailed > ha.«been rea lijted . H av e w e u « t th en lieen deceived ? O r d id w e w ish lh a t P o r tu g a l sh o u ld sh are th e sam e fate as P o la n d ?

T h e u n fo rtu n a te P o le s w ere in s tig a ted to rev o lt by th o se w ho now cotu p la in of, an d hypu critica lly la m e n t th e ir m isfiortuncs. T lie creduloujH an d delu d ed am ong th e m w ere s t ir r e d u p b y prom ises w hich i t w as Impoiwiblc to rea lw c . T h e P o lish in su rrec tio n , l ik e th c exped itio n o f D om P ed ro , h ad lls o rig in iu P a r is an d L ondon C lu b s ; b n t, u n fo r- tuD atcly , th c a u th o rs w ere u o t i ts v ic tim s. The r is in g o f th e P o le» w a s th c offspring o f e x te rn a l com binations, a n d a lth o u g h n jau y respec tab le in d iv iduals w ere d raw n in to th c v o rte x , i ts le ad e rs w ere dem agogues, in te n t o n ly on th e ir own a ^ r a n d iz e - itien t > a n d , u n ab le to revo lu tion ize tb e ir ow n coun- iry , tb e y afte rw ard s i*epcatcd th e sam e experim en t

in o th e rs , w h e re th e y b ad foittid a a asy lum an d c s - pcricDCcd hosp ita lity . In th e rcT o U tian a ry a rt D o m P e d ro is a m ere copyist, easily m is led ; an d h is Pnrtng:uese schem e o f re g e n e ra tio n , l i e b j fouuded u p o D th e sam e T isionary m ax im s a s those b y w hich m a n y p a r ts o f E u ro p e a re a t th is m om ent a g ita te d , i t w ould , e re tliia , have m e t w ith a fate s im ila r to th a t o f th e P o le? , h ad i t u o t b een supp o r te d svith a l l th e p a t r o o a ^ a n d m o ra l a id which tw o p ow erfu l governm euts could Kfford. P recisely tb e sam e m ig h t bc said o f th e revoluC iooary p ro jec t in S pain ; a n d I t is scarcely possib le to conceive bow a B ritish m in is te r could r is k bia ow n c h a ra c te r and h is co u n try ’s h o n o u r u p on a schem e, th e success of w hich depend» upon casualties, an d w hich is besides confidcd to m en w bo h av e u o tb in ^ a t »take.

In S pain and P o rtu g a l w e see an a tte m p t m aking b y a p a r tic n ta r p a r ty , t o g a in a n asccn d au ry , an d o f t h a t p a r ty D o ñ a C h ris tin a an d D om P ed ro a rc th e w iltin g In s tru m e n ts : fo r i t wrm lii h e a lik e c ru c l aod u n ju s t to b lend th e nam es o f th e tw o ¡Dnocent», whom th e y profess to re p re se u t, w ith th e ir a c ts . C^uceu C h ris tin a b as a lread y been to ld , b y b c r own p ro vincia l g o v ern o rs , th a t tb e y w ill abandon h er, i f she does n o t g o a ll th e len g th s th e y w is h ; and in P o r tu g a l m an y o f th o w , usuaJly den o m in a ted C onsti- lu tiu u a lis ts , d e se r te d D o m P ed ro as soon as th ey d iscovered h is re a l view«), an d found th a t h e th e re w ished to re a lise th e favou rite p lan w hich p ro duced h is dow nfal in B raz il, n am ely , to fill the c o u n try M’ith fo re ign m ercenaries, und h y th e ir aid , su p p o rt h is th ro n e . In b o th in s tan ces h e reso rted to frau d . In B ruxil, th e law a u th o riz e d h im to cu -

ro u ra g c co iig ra tio n an d re w a rd foreig;u scttlen^. U nder co lo u r o f tb i^ iaw , h e eu liâ led an d im ported a fo rc ig a a rm y , w ith th c intcnC, i t a fte rw ard s ap- l>cared, o f subvertin g Clie cooatituC ioaal r tg h ts o f th c co u n try w hich, fo r h im , h ad founded a th ro n e . W h en lie ra ised h ia arusy au d equ ipped h is D a v y in Ë D glaud to a t ta c k P ortugK l, h e asâu red b is dupes th a t th e y w ere g o io g o n a ho lid ay tr ip —to lib era te a p eo p le read y to rccc ivc th em w ith open a n n a . H e w as p ro d ig a l iu hi£ p rom ises au d h is battle^^ w ere fo u g h t) b u t in g ra titu d e , h u iu ilia tio n s , a n d chains w ere tb e recom peuee o f tb e few survivor».

A nd y e t w h a t h ad D om P e d ro , o r b is d au g h te r , to d o w ith P o r tu g a l? H e r we aehnow ledged as Q ueco, an d h im a s K egen t ; b u t how did she a cq u ire h er r ig h ts , o r how w as Ae iu vested w ith p o w er? I t is (h e ino^c es^^eutial req u is ite—th e m ust p rov idcu t c h a ra c te ris tie o f th e H ortugiiese L a w o f Suecewsion, th a t th c c la im an t sh a ll u o t b e a fo re ig n er^ a o d th is law , w h ieh h as se rv ed a sa feg u ard to th c natiooal independence f o r lu o re th a n five ecn tu ric s , goes so fa r as t o say t l ia t ii’ th e K in g ’s d au g h te r , even wheu b o ro aDd res id in g in P o rtu g a l, shou ld m a rry a fo re igner, sh e lo ses h e r h e re d ita ry r ig h ts a n d cau- u o t b e Q u eeu . S h o u ld th c K in g h im se lf g o to th e C ortes o f a fo re ign S ta te , o r p ay tr ib u te to o n e , even / i i fo rfe its b is C row n. Qm* ta lia c o n w tw n ? , muria- tto", el t i fitiiiiy an t nepos fu e r it (sa id A lonzo L) non T fg n a t. T h e C o rtes o f 1641 eonfinned th is law ; and added to i t a fo rm al d ec la ra tio n , t h a t no foreign P rin ce shall i n h m t ; a n d fu rth e r, th a t th e K ing shall b e b ound to liv4 and abide in the KÎ7t^dom.

And in w hiit c h a ra r ie r d id we ackuow lcdgc D oni

Ptídro , w iien w e mad«; a T re a ty w k h híDi, as Em> p c ro r o f B ra z il? D id wc coo sid er h im in th e o f a PorC iiê& e P rin c« , o r as th e S overcigu o f a fo re ign SâCc, w holly sep a ra ted from ao d in depen-' dfent o f P (n to ^ a l O n th e 9 tl i o f J a n u a ry , )822, D o m P e d ro ra ised tb e ^ tau d a rd o f B ra z ilia n In d ependence, a o d dec la red h im se lf th e P erpetua l f tn d ^ T o f h is a d o p te d c o u u try , fo r e r e r abaodoDing; th e tb ro n e o f h is b ir th > au d o q th c 12th o f Deceni* b c r , iu Éhe sam e y e a r , b e acee[ited a u d to o k th e o a th t o tl ie CoRstitutioQ o f B ra s il, w h ich estab lishes h iá ow n iH tb e r e i ^ i n ^ d y n a s ty iu t l ie new E u p ir e , an d dcsig;uatCA b is eldefit d a u g h te r a s P rin eeas o f ( r ra u P a rá . In o th e r reapeet^^, h e h a d previously fo rfe ited hia r ig h te t o th e th ro n e o f P o rtu g a l- Acco rd in g to tb e fu n d am en ta l law s, th e w ag iug o f w a r ag a in s t b is u a tiv e la n d , is eufficieni a t ta iu d e r ; and b is own v o lu n ta ry K enuocltttioos o re besides on re c o rd .

D o n n g th e c o n te s t w hicb p receded tl ie lridepea> dence o f H raz il, th e fa ith o f o u r 'IVeatlca w ith P o rtu g a l w a s invoked , w ben w e w ere ca lled upon to ta k e an offensive p a r t in favour o f th e reigD iog sove- r d g u . T h e an sw er g ire n w as, (b a t h o w e re r wc w ere b o und to p ro te c t P o rtu g a l from fo re ig n

710 such case as Chat o f tb e R epara tion o f B raz il w as p ro v id ed fo r ; b u t th e COfltcuding p a rtie s w e re advised to se ttle tb v ir dispute« atnii ab ly , aud upon th a t p rin c ip le w h ich b e s t suU cd th e re la tiv e eircuiTistauceR o f eac li. T h is advice h ad itn fu ll effect an d , in A ngustf lé ^ 5 , a B ritish m in is te r, pr<f- v ided w ith douljê p o w ers, a igned th e T re a ty o f B ra til ia u S ep a ra tio n an d Independence. In th is

T re a if , K o ^ a o d w a s tb « u ie d la tr ix au d a ^ûaraotee. I ts provisioue w ere , ihat th e vld«st sou o f Jo liu V L , fo r b im se lf an d h is Succegôrs, sh o a ld ta k e an d bAT$ R r a u l , a s b is p o r t lo u j ^ d tb a t co u n try w as accordÍD |;ly d cc la rcd indcpcndcD t. G re a t B rita in ex ten d ed h e r good ofiieca atiB fu r th e r . T lirou^h h e r ex am p le au d iufiueiice, 'the In d ep en d fn ec o f B raz il iro s aekaow ledged b y a ll tb e o th e r Pow er» o f E urope . S he co n tin u ed to ta k e a l i r e ly intere»>t in tb e w elfare o f Brazil» an d th ro u g h b c r m ed ia tion an en d v a s p u t to th e w a r w ith B ueno» A yres. T h ro u g h h e r m in is te r a t B io d e Janeiro^ sh e re p e a te d ly te n de red good 00(1 seasonab le advice to D o m P e d ro , in th e hope o f ioducini^ h iu i to a i t wich p rudeuee , an d even g u a rd in g h im a g a in s t th e ab u ses o f ]>owcr.

Tbu.<4 E n g la n d e r e ry th in g in l ie r p o w er fo r tb e scverancc o f th e tw o eounCries> o u tb e p rincip le o f ab so lu te a o d p e r ] ie tu a l in d ep en d en ce ; au d a f te r w ard s e x e r te d b e n te lf to iodnce D uiii P ed ro to ai^ couaieteutly w ith th e new c h a ra c te r w hich b e b ad acqu ired . T o ackoow ledge h im th e re fo re in any ocher Chan th is c h a ra c te r , a o d m o re p a rtic u la rly as H e ir to tb e tiiro n e o f P o rtu g a l, w h ils t y e t th e SoTercigD o f a n o th e r rea lm , a o d in tb e faê o f a so leion T re a ty rc e c n tly concluded» w as n o t only un just, b u t a lso a rb itra ry , l l i i s s tep le d to a l l the ca la iu ities b y w hich P o rtu g a l h as iîuee been assa iled . D om P e d ro chosc h is ow n p o rtio n o f th e p a re n ta l in h e ritan ce , an d w ith i t h e o u g h t to bave been satisfied. I f h e w asted , o r gam bled iC aw ay, he b ad 00 r ig h t to seize iipon tb e a llo tted p a trim ony o f a y o u n g e r b rb th e r . L e t th e ease b c p u t to auy m an o f p iin e ip le an d honoiu* In p riv a te i ile , an d let

limi b e ask ed how h e w ould feei a t ftuch an a c t o f dkhoQCSty f»Q th c p a r t o f a f irs t-b o m , a f te r a dlviBlon o f th e m h erita iicc ha*\ ta k e n p lace . Dora V edrò h a d h « choicc— a t ooe tim e h e w as ¡»roud th a t so m u d i bod fu\Ien to h i 8 lo t 5 an d hav ing ex p ressed b u n sc lf co n ten ted , h e h a d n o r ig h t to s tir up a civ il w a r in P o r tn g a l, e i th e r to re p a ir h is own e rro rs , o r m en d h is h ro k co fo rtuues. U p o n th is p o io t th e P o rtu g u ese have besides e x p re ssed th em selves, an d if a B ritish m in ia te r w ished to iw frieud D om P ed ro , h e o u g h t no t to h av e fo rg o tten th a t the Purtw guese, us a u a tio n , liave cla im s upon th e g ra te fu l acknow ledg toen ts o f b o th th e B ritish K in g and h is people.

D om P e d ro 's iu T estitu re o f p ow er b s till m ore s in g u la r th a n th a t o f Q u eeu C h ris tin a . B y a d e- tTpe o f th e 3 rd o f M arch , 1828, w hilst y e t E u ip e ro r o f B raz il, Le ap p o iu ted a R e ^ n c y o f th re e persons to goveru P o rtu g a l, w ho w ith tliis view to o k up th e ir rewdcDcc in th e A zores. T b rec y e w s a fte rw ards, th a t is, w hen b e b a d been d riv en from th e o tlie r s ide o f th e A tla n tic , h e revoked th a t decree a o d a p p ro p ria te d tb e B eg en ey to hiroseif, th u s p erfo rm in g h is o w n iQTCEtiture ; an d th is is ae tiia ily tbe orig iu o f th a t a u th o rity w h ie lr h e now w ields iu P o rtu g a l. A od sueh a p ow er as th is rqIBcc to a l te r tb e fu n d am en ta l law s, and (thaiige Che w hole i'on stru c t! o a o f soeie ty in an an c ieu t k iogdom ? Q ueen C hrlatina derives h e r p o w er fro m lie r la te husb an d 's ttHU, an d from th a t a lone .* A n d is th is thc

* M « a y r> « n aa» m S M < n «ve o l of^ímínn iS m t l i e K h x ’* W ill , (I'M «

» « f e é ) W » » p o c r jT * » ) . » p iu y o r t e d W b e « i f n e d , J u n o 1 2 4 , I 8 J 0 ,

m ode o f m ak in g a t.em porary proy ision fo r th e ex ecutive, d u rin g th e sii$tpen»lon u f i ts exi^mise, (even g ra n tin g such to b c th c case) in c i th e r o f th c tw o c o u n tr ie s : A re these th e leg a l an d co n stitu tio n a l m ean s o f siippiying; a d e tec t, o f th c u tm o s t eonse- q ueoce to th e w ho le co m m n tiity }

D o ra P e d ro h as , b y h is ow n so le fi»t> o rdained , th a t o u e h a lf o f th e p ro p e r ty o f P o rtn g a l shall change h an d s , an d besides o v e rtu rn ed tb e e s tab lb h ed in s titu tio n s an d tr ib a o a is . T h e o rig in o f his pow er is, tiie re fo rc , a qucbtton th a t involves th e in te re s ts an d w ell b e íu g o f ev e ry fam ily in th e co u n try , as h e m orco T er b rin g s w ith h im a heavy lo a d o f debt to b e p a id o u t o f tb e peop le’s c a rn in ^ )* '^ d eb t in - m irrcd w ith o u t th e ir tv n e iirre a ce and m ere ly to g ra tify h is ow n foUiei). O n th e admisHion llia t his r ig h ts a rc illeg a l an d h is pow ers u n co n stitu tio n a l, h is aiitH s ta n d ge lf-conden incd ; an d , besides h a tre d o f tb e objcctR p roposed , iu v h re fo rm s a s tho se in w hich h e is en gaged , niui^t ad d con tem pt fu r th e a u th o rity from w hich th e y p roceed . l i e b aa notbinif

t ) s B o o U m s f b s b i s s a i r i t f e , « l td 1>; St t h c Q o M ii . t h e o u s ly 2 4 y<Me

01 is o a to K l t » III« ^ T fT B in ra i» i n p r c & r e a c c t o t b v lo fS JiC f D uo

C 'v ln s a n d b i s b r o tb ^ r , m t b e ro f& I D e e re # o f O ccol>eT 4,

r C * r ^ . ** I n o r d e r U iM s h f r a l f A n d ^ v f r m ih « n io o a rc h T ,

« o tá l h i s D * o f b i< r a t& iin v d t b e a g « o f e l e h i m i j t v « » p p v in t ia e

a e v i r th e k s u a C o o ' i ñ l a n d t h e M a r tiu ia d c U s A iu a riU a e t o b e * m e n t»

b e r . w h o , i t t j u l i iD r o f t h e K in ^ ’ii d c ia i» c , w a i a r iu a l ly b a n is h e d f r o a

c i i u r t A t i iu b s c q u e n i i ie r lo d a « d rtu rin ie t h e l e n s ’s l l t 's i f l l n r » ',

(S f ( r t . 1 S 32 I i i h a s b e e n s « n i b a t h e » i s b c d tu c o n f id e t h e x u re ra n > « n i

m I h e ¡alX D te D o n C t r l n i , j o in t ly w i tb t h e Q u e e o , t a d f r u o t h e r^ B c K r

*dM « a a d a fa r )e e y o f n t b i r c i r c u c a t ta o c c s , ic la t b o « |; h i t b a t i f t b e W ili

» M ^ u m c , t h c m e a n s b y w b H * t h r « I j i i í t i i r c w a s o b ia lc c d « v tr t

c< iU u itfC i b « t , 4 t a l l er«n t4> n n b rx iy b d i v r c ^ t b ^ t U n o l r f^ 'o k e d ,

n r a l t e r e d , p r i u r ti> I h f X in e '» 6cach .

\sato p le a d in judtificatluD o f w h a t he is now d o lo g j Deit h e r bave h is p a tro u s a u excuse. W h en lie dc* d a r e d w a r ag a in s t P o r tn g a l, h e a im ed a t th e overth ro w o f a l l law —th a t w as th e p rin c ip a l cond ition u a d e r w h ieh hid fo liaw ers p led g ed th e ir service«, l i e t h r a se lec ted m en fro m ttie low est raakSf ra ise d th em to th e h ig h e s t officer, ao d th e y h a re siuce b e « » u e th e p u b lic pluoderei*» o f th e S ta te .

A n d COD u su rpa tions a n d abuses o f p ow er U)ce tliese p ass e u rrc n t w ith e i th e r (h e Britiish govern- ta e D t, o r th e B ritish publiit? D o th e tw o K cgcnts h o ld a n d u$e su ch a u th o ritie s , as th e s o v e r e l^ o f o u r rea lm o u g h t to h av e acknow ledged? W ere th e C o rtes o f S p a in , o r P o rtu g a l, a t th is u io toeut eoustitu tioD ally assem bled, au d u o t overaw ed by a m iU tary fo rce , t h e ; w ould , io re te reo ce to Q ueen C h ris tin a an d D o m P e d ro , d o ex ac tly as o u r F a r- l ia m e a t d id a t tlie K estorutioQ , w hen a l l th e a c ts o f th e p rcecd in g g o v e rn m en t w ere d ec la red n u ll aj^d void . T h e n a tio n a l C o rtes o f each co u n try w ould re c o rd th e ir sen tim en ts o f p i'esen t oocurrencesj b y an avow al s im ila r to t h a t m ad e i a she (Im e o f C harlesI I . , w hen i t w as p roc la im ed to E u ro p e “ th a t a l l the pow ers before in possesiijiOD, w ere reheiliou*, w icked, tra ite rw u a n d ohom inahU Uixer^ti<msy detested hy ih i i P ftr iim nen t.”* j in d w h a t w ould th e n becom e o f o u r d ip lo m atic r c e o ^ it io n s > o r ra th e r , lic»w w o u ld o u r ac ta o f in te rv en tio n s ta n d ? T im e ly con* ce&sioDS« m ade m u tu a lly au d in th e s p ir i t o f f ra n k n ess , m ig h t h a re h ad th e desired e f i^ .t in P o rtu g a l, a s w ell as in S p ^ n ; b u t w beu a w hole u a tio u is

• 12 C s r . i i . C bap, 12.

i>utrag;ed, m ere ly to p icnse a pai^y> fo r ih c fo rcib le m trodnc tio ii o f ftome v i^ o u o ry schcm c, p ro jec ted iu Pari<j, OP L ondon, th e re?pooi;ibilUy o f th e failisrc becômcs au 'fu l, w licn th e sacriBiês a tte o d iu g the a tte m p t a rc d u ly w cigbcd .

N e ith e r S p a s i an]» norP ortuûe^ ie d e s ire R e ^ n d e f l . n » e y equ a lly ab h o r th e w an to n liavoc a a d violence co m m itted upon th e m ; b u t 1q g re a te r d e te s ta tio n , n i l l , do th e y h o ld th e schem e» (»f t b o ^ design ing mcD w ho w ish to m altc thcmselTCS b y th e ir loig- f«>rttiDe8 . T lie q\icstioQ w hioh th e y h av e a t issue iovolv^s th c r ig h t o f KOrereignty, au d t i l l th is is se ttle d , to th e ir Katisfa<^tion, tb e y c a u u o t la y down th e ir ami»<. T lic f irm n e ^ , p erseverance an d n ac ri- fices o f b o th u a tian s , w e shou ld have b e e s th e finK to adjiiire— we sh o u ld , e re tb ib , have done hom ugc to th e ir exertions? it* wc h a d u n d e rs to o d th e ex ten t o f th e ir w ro u g s, o r h a d w e u o t l>eeu b linded by p rc - jnd icc . A loud eiiould w c have testified o u r appru- l>ation o f th e p rincip le» upon w iunh tliey a re actiitg , w ere w e n o t d e lu d ed b y th e pro fessions o f tu rb u le n t an d needy m en, w h o « p la n s , even f f th e y could be re a lise d , wouW le a d to th e o v e rth ro w o f a ll c x is t- in g governm en t, an d p re p a re th e w a y fo r th c cv cd - tu a l d estru c tio o o f th c m onarch iea l p rin i:ip le , w ith ou t w bich b o th ^ p a in a tid Pe>rtugal m u st be^'ome a com plete chaos. In I re la n d , a t th is m om en t, wc »ee th e facal effects o f tb a t d isc o n te n te d a iid am * b itiau s sp ir it w hieh aim s a t th e di^Molution o f the U nion , an d d o w e fo rg e t th e very s len d e r tbreftde by w hich tb e severa l K ingdom s o f 8 p ^ n h a re h ith w lo been h e ld to g e th e r? A re w c n v t aw are o f th e con- tiif^ting in te re s ts an d e m b itte re d p re ju d ices , p re v a il-

HH)

» » g in th e M vcral im»viHeeR s T iie e lem en ts o f scpi»> ra tio n , fo r in » tan re , a rc la s t ac<'uiuiilatm g in C a ta lon ia , an d i t m u st b c evidcac Xq every oue th a t a fem ale ¡Dfant, e?en if h e r r i f l i t s w ere rac re iy questio n ab le , u u d e r th e ad m in is tra tio n o f au uopop idar m o th e r, co u ld n ev er re s to re th a t bond o f 'iiuiun w blcb is a lread y b ro k en . E ven if C h arles V . bnd w aved b is c la im s, th e S pan iards won Id ueva* subm it to ib e d eg rad a tio u o f Q ueen C hrU tlua hol<img the R egeucy to r fu n rteeu y ears . T hey know ib e ir own law s tiHi w ell, and th e y have no t ye t fo i^ u ttp u the d isg racefu l collusions w hieb p reced ed che K ing 'n d ea th .

L 'tiles» tb e questions reg a rd in g th e fiuceesRlon a re se t a t re s t , in b o tb trouutrlcs, th e re can b e u o ¡»eacc fo r e ith e r S paiu , o r P o r tu g a l ; an d t h e « t>fo questio n s have no w re a rb c d a s ta g e an d ausnm ed a torm , o f such c i t r c m e im portance , as a c tu a lly to forcc th em upou th e a tten tio n o f tb e B ritish governm ent an il people- 'Fhe S p an ia rd s an d P o rtu g u ese w ill never ad m it tb e r ig h ts o f th e tw o in fan t Q ueens, n*ir aeknow leilge th c leg a lity o f th e R cgcucies iufttituted in tb e ir nam es, l u v a in does tb e M ad rid cab inet a tte m p t m o re th a n tb e leg a l an d sotisfiMitory a r- ran g e tu cn i o f one d isp u ted p o in t a t ouee . ) t ii« no t iu tim es o f nm fu sio n , distrust; ao d dijscunteut, th a t a free govei*nutent cau b e s e t t le d : sucb an u n d erta k in g req u ires rep o se , as w*ell as m a tu re dellbcra> tlon- S paiu is, a t tb ls m om cntj a g ita te d b y p e rp e tu a l in su rrec tio n s, an d th e order» y f th e E x ecu tiv e are d isobeyed in a ll th e p rov inces ; nay , th a t co u n try is v ir tu a lly u n d e r m a r tia l law . D iso rd e r h a s become th e n a tu ra l s ta te o f th e g re a t body o f tb e people,

w ho o p e n ) ; bii) defiatii^ to th e Q ueen '» p o w er, ai)d, if th e p re se n t leaders w ore ^hot, o th e rs w ould in - K t a t i c l y rise u p I d th e ir p laces. U nless, tb crd o re« th e cau sc o f th is d iso rd e r h reuioved, th e re can be uo peace fo r Spnio . T he im pulse given is a n a tio n a l ao d g;cncral one, and i t 4 operaticm b y n o m ean s co n fined to p a r tic u la r ra n k s , o r classes.

T b e I'eniD Sular co n te s t b o w e re r is n o t a new one, a ltliougb its prefseut fo rm is v a r ie d ; fo r i t w o u ld be im possib le fo r lessons t o b e w ritte n in m o re legible (diara^^ters tb a n t b o ^ o f 1812 an d 1820. 8 tiU i t is u n fo rtu n a te th a t th e d u ra tio n o f reT o lu tio n ary h o r ro rs d im in ishes the first im pression m ad e b y tbe in upon refieccing m inds > b u t, iu p ro p o rtio n as less abho rrcnce is fe lt fiir e r ro rs am i crim es, s im ila r to t b o ^ w hich Tnarked th e e w ly stage» o f th e F reneh rev o lu tio n , th e m ore o u ^ h t tb e y to b e e x jio ^ d . T he Tiett'H o f m en w ho d is tu rb th e peace o f a eo u n try , u n d e r th e p le a o f re fo rm tu g i t , o u g h t to b e la id o p e n ; fo r th e re i« n o th in g so il&jigerous as tbe e x a g g e ra tio n s o f L ib era li.m , p a rtic u la rly w bere ei3n- ea tion docs n o t oppose a sa lu ta ry ehcuk. P erso n a l an im osities, false conclusions a tid h ab itu a l m i^ e p re - seutatioDS, have re n d e re d th e poUticg o f tb e PeniTj- su la a confnsed m ed leys au d i t is , th e re fo re , b y no m ean s s tran g e , th a t tb e B ritish pubUe sh o u ld baTe b te n so freq u en tly led in to e r ro r w ith re g a rd to th e feelings, w i“b e 8 a a d w an ts o f a eo u n try , w ith w birh w e o u g h t to bavc been b e tte r arjjua in ted .

P o litie a l in stitu tio n s, iu o rd e r to b e beneficial an d pcrm ancB t, m u st k eep pace w ith , an d b e a r au e x a c t p ropo rtio n to , tb e in te llec tu a l acq u irem en ts o f the v a rious daiises fo r w hom th e v a r e in ten d ed . If,

tbtrrpfore, th e ir fa rm atio n is n o t u a d u a l au d iIk? prioci]^t ;6 upon whicIi tb e y a r e founded , g c iie ra lly y ac 4;ep tab le, tb e y n ev er <^an answ er th c eadfi in r ic ír .W b a t b> w holesom e u i d u ttn iaab le i« one eouD lry, doe« n o t «uSt 4he pftlat«* o f a n o th e r a jid a lth o u g h t h o « w ho seek lo eo n n se l a k in g , o p a tfoveniitiftot, p esp ertln g th c p r e f e r e D c e o f eystem«» ro ay b e a c tu a te d bjr th e best iu teiitionef th c to sk ¡ü bnch d a j i ^ r - «U« an d difficult? mopc p a r t ie d a r iy Id th c P en iu su la .F ore ign iu te rfc ren ce , n o m itttcp th e sh ap e 5q w hich i t com es, is there ulw ays lo o k ed ap o n w ith a Jcak»us eye an d i f re fo rm s shou ld be p roposed , th e ^nextion is n o t w h a t a re riie ir to e rits , b u t b y w hom a re th ey suggested . U pon ao couu tries d id th e ex am p le o f th e lr>cach pev'^Jution o p e ra te w ith b o tuucb effect, a s upon S p a in a u d P oH ugol- T h ese disi*eming n a tio n s th e u saw th a t b y lo o scu iag th e bonds w h ic¿ h o ld sw ác ty io g e th e r , tl ic equ iiib riu m w de^stroyed, w heuce cveut« neccssarU y ariso w hiyh giye w e ig h t to th e c rira iua l a o d th e h o ld —tho se w ho, in o th e r tim es, w ould have been le ft i a a com para tive s ta te o l ob.*eurjty, T hey b eh e ld ppecisely th c sam e effects am vDg them selves in 1812 a n d 182U.

T h ese tw o u a tio u s a rc essen tia lly re lig io n s and a ris to c ra tic a l, w iicreas, in b o th , th c p rio c i|ile s o f th e L ib e ra ls a re a t varian ce w ith tb o sc o f th c clcrgy an d ao b le j ; a t th c sam e tim e th a t the&e tw o classes a re lUe e sse a tia l p illa rs o f each m onarchy . V iscount d e C h a teau b rian d , w h o ^ ac^ua in tauce w ith the views an d feeUngs p rev a len t ia th e P e a la su la , is avow edly p ra c tic a l an d ex ten siv e , sp eak in g o f the e a rly oecu rrenccs in 1820, subsequen t to th e m ilita ry PBvwlutioa v f L a le la , p ro p h c tica liy obw pvcd, “ th a t

if K<iri)p? niÍsto«ik b c r ¡»olUicai position w io r , u» to Ih îiid iâb rco l (o th e dcstin ivs o f S p a ia , b e wits per* suadcd th a t S p a in , le ft to b e rsc lf , ivouid s t i l l rc - c o rc rs '’ R fU gion, iu tb a t c o u n try , has shett’o wliaê i t t:a» p e rfo rm w itb i ts own e tr^ n g tb . C’cs t au d e là des P y ré n é e s ,” con tin u es b c , “ q n e Too à v u U lu tte , à jftm uis m ém orab le , du m onde d 'a u tre fo is e t d u ïü o ü d e d ’au jo u rd ’hui 5 l 'I I e r e ule C h ré tien à |w sé scs co louoes dévun t \r* ñ o ts d c la re v o lu tio a , e t il p u y g ra v e r le AVc p lu s u itra ."

N'eiChcr S pain , n o r P o rtu g a l, ]» p rep a red fo r rash , o r spe(^u)fttive u u d e r ta k io ^ . R ev o lu tio n a ry at> tem p ts w ere b efo re m ad e a g a in s t th em , a n d fa iled . X cv e rlh c le ss , w ith t h r ex p e rien ce o f the pa'^t before o u r ey es , P o rtu g a l t w in v ad ed by a b au d o f fo re ign m cr«?naries , be«iaHse tb e in tro d u e tio n o f refo rm s w as deem ed n c c e ssa ry j an d n o w i t is p roposed to g ive S pain a new L aw o f S uccession , as th e best m ean« o f iio p rov ing b e r institu ticm s I T he P o r tu guese w ere p ro n o u n ced in cap ab le o f fram in g a C ons titu tio n fo r them selve'^, a n d acco rd in g ly advised to uceept o n e , re a d y m ad e lo r th em in B ra a ll 5 w hilst tb e S p an ia rd s , i t is a r ^ e d , c a n n o t am cnii th e ir C ode, an d re n d e r th e ir c o u u try h ap p y a n d p i'o sp e r- OUS» u n less th e y h av e a fou rteen y e a rs ' R egency o v er then ), a d m in is te red by a fem ale w ho n e v e r ex* e ited e i th e r confidence, o r resp e et.

R ea llv , these th in g s a re iocom prebenslb le ; an d y e t i f D om P e d ro h ad succeeded in P o r tu g a l, w hen h e first w en t th i th e r , h e w ould in s tan tly h av e revo* lu tio o ized S p a in , even w h ils t F erd in an d V l l , w as « till upon hi» tb ro n e , ao d th e n p roceeded to B razil t o rew ard b is a u x ilia r ie s ! W e re th e L iberaU now

to g a la tb e ascendancy in Spain^ w h a t in th e r^ to p rev en t th a t co u n try fruui b eco m io ^ w hat i t w a s , in IB I2 a n d 1820? T hese w ero c<)ua]ly «penila tive e ra s^ an d m ark ed b y p h enom ena u o t easily forgot* tcD. T b e f irs t le d to th e m tro d a t^ lo n o f v isionary p lan s und th eo rie s , w h ich o c a r ly u o d e rm in ed th e foundatioos n f th e tiio n an th y ; w h iU t Che sccond en d ed io th e dcpositioo o f th e Klng;> an d Lis con* vcyaoee to C ad iz as a (irisooer.

T h a t a O onstU ution m ay a n d ou^Kt to b e im* proved , DO body w ill d e u y ; b u t i t o u g h t no t t o be su b v erted , i a o rd e r to t r y th e h aza rd o u s ex p e ru n en t o f in tro d u c in g a new one. T b e le a d in g «'lasses of th e S ta te , b o th iu S p a in an d P o r tu g a l, from tbe ea rlie s t tim es, h ad th e ir p la te s a llo tte d t o th em ui ih c N a tio n a l L e g is la tu re , ao d y e t th e y d id n o t cn ae t Jaws w itliO u tth e K in g ’? concurreo ite } b n t, in Cadi:£, tb e K in g an d th e lead ing classes w ere se t as id e , o r r a th e r Lbeir fuuctlou» u su rp ed b y a body o f p o p u la r dep u ties , rep re sen tin g o n ly o n e h a lf o f th e k ingdooi. T b e tw o m ost iu fiu eu tia l d a s se s lu tb e S ta te w ere tb e n le ft w itiio n t au y rep re sen ta tio n ; an d upon th is sam e p riae lp lc a rc th e S pau isb L ib e ra ls o f 1834 ac t- iu g . T b e basis o f th e new system , un fo lded iu the Uiog ex p ec ted Jist^ituto Jiea l o f A pril 15, 1834, ia eq u a lly a s rev o lu tio o ary a o d u n ju s t, as t h a t upon w hich th e C adi'j C o n s titu tlo u o f 1812 w as fouoded, althoug;h i ts developm ent is cau tiously w o rd ed . I t professes to be aC onvocatioD o f ihc Cortes» an d tb eu prui‘«ed& to say tb a t th e y a re to be eom posed o f tw o E sta te it, io s tead o f th r e e ; an d fro m th e m an u e r in w h ieb tb is new S ta tu te w ould o p e ra te , th e m em bers w ould b e l i t t le e lse th a n no m in ees o f th e C row n.

A n d ifi th U tb e a u iie n t ConbCUutlun ot S pain i I s

th is th e reviTAl i»f iiaiioitftl institutU m », a« they Ktaiid reco rd t'd ? T h e m iD istcj p ro m u lg a tes a uf.w C v u stitu tio u , au d tb e n calls upou n C o rtes o f h is uwn HppoinCmg tu sao c tio u tb e a c t. Tbi» h w or^e (h an wa» d o u e i a C ad iz , w herv , i f m ore a tten tio n b a d been p a id Cu th e expu lsion o f tb e P retinb , and less tin ;c ta k e n up tn e x p e rim e n ta l th e o rie s , tbe PiniiiiKitlar w a r w uuld have le riu iu a tttd a y e a r sooner. In lik e m a n ite r in a^ i t n o w be »aid, tb a t i f th e S p an ish L iberal» , (a te rm aynunim ous w ith M adrid go v ern m en t) a tten d ed m ore to th e »ettle inerit u f th e «jucslion o f Suci*es5iioM, an d g;avc up th e o ld m an ia o f Co<ie-making, th e ir c o u n tiy w ould feel uu ire in d eb ted to th em .*

* A f l p e d o m « f th « uKK>e s4ofteA M a m k * tb e ^*ccv«R io ii, th e G o llo w io g c s t f M t v f * l e t i r i . d irto l M Arch 37(>i, i s frtO i

t l i e T i io e « o f A p r i l 7 , IB M .—

“ A o r d « r h a s b e e n u i tu r d , d d iv J t b c 2 3 n d o S M t r r h , in c o d -

c « n i r i i h i h e p r l n H f t i <ie l a v h v K i t h d e c U rc d

t k * t i l l r c b d i U k c n w l ib * f m ' i a t h H r b f to d s , o f w h u e w r c J « t« o r

U iey QiA)' b e , I k p u t t e d « a tb , & i »<xrB « • tic o e b e « s

lU ln v e d tV ifa i i a o b tA in iJ ie c o u tw U lto a s o f re)igk»n> T b « s a in « f t t e ia

d a o v u a c r d w a i a ^ t tb o ta : w h o u t l f r i t b e r e b e l t w i th a r n a , a i t i a io n id n a ,

o r n o n e ) ' , w i th a d v k « o t io fw n a « i i> a , n r io o iU e r w *» f.

T h e D i e a b « n o f tu u n ic ii i« ! e o u o c il» , u r t b c e i a ^ t r M « s o f tA w r^s, » h A v

te rh C v ry h u b r c o o o n ip te d b y iVi« r e M fc rv c « , u i d w h o a h a l i a c t co iO '

Q iH nkA tit th p f a c t t o t b e c v o u i i o d e r o f t i t e a e n m t 4 e » c b D )» n t a t H e r

H k j f t r T * fn rc v c , a l k w i a s M b o o r u 4 * f o r e a c h I c i ^ o e u f Oi»-

t a a c r b f t w e c a t b c t o v a Atid ib « d«tacb ,B U !at, a r c l i k e w is e to l>e p a t (4<

d e a th , i f i t a h a J l i p ^ a v t h a i t h e o o iisA to a b a » b c v a w ilfu ] , o r u a l iu lo i i s j

th e y i i i e t o !>« tta n 9 p o rfa 7 l i u r s i s to tb « e o o d ^ ia a v d a c u k e o c a i i

i>a t h e cA M t o f A f n A , b e » )d ? i p t^ riag a d e e o f 1 ,0U 0 ducitG s, i f i b f

»nil*aM ia b a » a r i i c o C ro n r a r^ le & m J f t , o r a e g J e c t . T b c l a a a w b «

b n o w ia g lx c o u c e a b » r e b e l i n h i s h o a « e , U to « « fiv r f o u r y e a r« o f e a i ie

M d p»)’ a A a c r>f &00 d tc t t i » . K o r r o ta B u j lc a t i a ig w lrK t h e r e t« !» b y

N 2

Bi^fore th e C adiz C on^titu tiuo w as b eg u n , J<irclla* uoSt ft oam c veQ crable to a ll p a rtie s in Spaiti^ ai3- dreb!$iog Uis R ep o rt to th e C en tra l J u n ta , observed ( b u s : I h o a r m uch sa id o f m ak in g a Con;^ti- tac ion in th e C o r te s ; b u t in th is , aeoo rd ing to m y ju d g m e n t, th e re w ould be m an y ob jeetio iis an d g rea t d an g er, H a s o u t Spain» p crchaoeo , h e r C onatitU ' tio n > In tliiw re sp ec t su ch w ill e r e r b e m y opinion \ n o r w ill 1 ev er a ssen t to o th e rs a lte r in g , u n iU r tint p re te x t o f refo rm s, th e csscnec o f th e Spanli^h Cons titu tio n . T h a t su ch im prove inentfi be m ade in it a s i ts c»)^eDce alloR-H, an d th a t , in s tead o f a ite rin g , « r d e s tro y in g i t , i t bc re n d e red m ore perfec t, w'ould b e confurm able to th e d ic ta te s o f prudence .” *

'l l i is adviec w as re jec ted , an d o f th e coo$>e- ijuences E u ro p e i« a lread y inform ed. T h e Cadi« e rro rs u nh inged S pain ev er MineCt an d h e r m isfor- tuneH» i t w ould seem , n rc liicely to b c p ro lo n g e d . I f th e q u es tio u o f In justice an d usur]*5vtion w ere en tire ly se t as id e , such a change a s th a t n o w p ro jec ted in M ad rid c a n n o t suecccd . A tm m erous c lass o f m en w ill n o t s it ca lm ly dow n an d sec theinselces

t v u t d , o r « r i i j o j , w l i h o a t b 'V u r l o g t h e i r p n t je c C i , t b e p a i i t h i a c B t b

i w o f e « n ' io jp r i jo c im e n t , a n d ai A ne o f 2 <h) d u c a t« . T i c a J i '^ U e i o f

lo w o * l i r ( fu r lh c T < ]irvcted lo f o m u ih tlM n o p ^ to v w l lh » lt* t

e o c b o f t! ie io h « b i ta o t s i s b i r c j o i n e d t h f in « a v |;? v t ( o r r o i . T lt^

i r t i c k » o f i h i ( o r d e r p to i 'U M n b o f i i i i u i l i r cJi**

T irc » r i d D|>on u h o le i t k C T ld e s t t h i t i f t h r w a r ia l o b v n r r W

0 0 i n (h id h a rh i r o u f t i^p irit. t t w i l l l a o i b « p u is i l i lc , a n d o o t iJ I t , H n o t

iM lrtiaftliy , I t w il} s o t e v e n b c d ro lr a h l» . t o rv » tr ; tio t h e u ru iy OB th v

o d t e r l i d e o i t h e Pyrenvc& f n i^ r in g t k ? S p a n i 'b t e r r i t u r / , a n d

V n tt i f t ( 4b M d t u t l t e e o n tc U .”

* J o r e lh tn o iy A p « o d ic e » SQ M e n s o n i .

s tr ip p e d o f rank^ propftrty^ influpitoe, an d a l l those adrarttaêfl w bich th e y an d th e ir an ces to rs h a re en jo y ed . T h e y w ill o » t re s ig n r tia t w hich th e y poa- scssf w ith o u t a strui^gle, w h ib t th e y have Cho e x am ples o f F ra n e c an d P o rtu g a l b efo re tlieni. D oni P ed ro ’s spolia tion» an d p ro faaa tio n s wiU alw ays o p e ra te as a ssalotary le&son \ipon tl ie S p a o ia rd s ; und to th e im p ie tie s o f h is agen t» w ill th e e lc rg y an d tb e tbiukiDg; classc^ po in t, w hen th e y sen th e C adiz e x p e rim en t ren ew ed am ong t h e u , au d becom e «sensib le o f a l l th o rev o lu tio n ary h o r ro rs w h ich aw 'ait th e ir devo ted lan d .

T b e p o U tlc^ im provem cQ ts nnd re fo rm s o f 181 gHê rise t o th o se dead ly s tru g g le s auiJ p a r ty con- fliebj w hich h a re deso la te il S p a in , d u r in g m ore th a n tw en ty y e a rs , an d fo r w hlcb, u n h ap p ily , n o rem edy W51S dev ised in th e Inst re ig o . T o re c u r t i t th e events w h ich hap p en ed from th c acccssion to th e d e a th o f F e rd in a n d \* II., w ould b e « 're s tin g fro m tb e h is to r ia n th e paitifu l d u ty o f re c o rd in g a lo n g lii^t o f e r ro rs an d to llie s , th c (ioosequences o f w iiieb a re a t th is m o m en t fe lt in a ll tb e ir forcc- VVbenerer tb a t ta a k sh a ll b e com p le ted , th e u a r r a t i r e w ill p re se n t a r e ro l t in g ca ta lo g u e o f expeillentî, c e l tb e r dignified by success, n o r ju s tified b y nceesi»ity, th e la s t o f w h ich p e rh ap s h o ld s th e m o st p ro m in e n t p lace . I t w o u ld b e a pi<;tnre o f m ischief» au d m isfo rtunes w hicb tb e la te K in g b eq u ea th ed to hi» successors, a ttr ib u ta b le m o re to h is ow n w eak n ess an d evil councils, th a n to a w a n t o f In te re s t fo r th e n a tio n a l w elfare . H e w a s o ften c o n tro lle d b y influences w hieb h e h ad n o t tb e eoui’ag e to r e s i s t ; b u t h is iuco iistaucy an d w an t o f 6rnine.ss iu tb e h ig h m un-

ag em en t o f publie afTairs, w ill, in ti\e «yes ot* p o ste r ity , a tv a y s r« n d er >um a<^ciruatablc fo r th e p re se a t ca lam itie s iu to w hich S pain is plan$;iHi, i f Qoe for o eg lec t, in see in g th a t b e r o ld a n d m nklin ;? w ounds irc re toured.

A bsorbed in affliction an d w earied o a t w ith re ro - lutioD ory ex p p riio ea ts , th e p eo p le o f S p a in looked np to th e In fan te D on C arlo« ft>r c o m tb rt a n d t;ou- so la tion . *rhey reycre«) h is v irtu es an d ad m ired thc in te g r ity o f h is co n d u c t. T b e y h a r e seeu h im s ta n d a lo o f from a ll th o se tu rm o ils in to v t i ic h tb e ir u n h ap p y co u n try h as fo r y e a rs bceti p l u n ^ d ; and th ey b esides k n c tr th a t moflt o f i t s calam itieij w ould have been avoided , i f hia advicc b ad been follow ed.N o th in g «‘ou ld b av e been m ore ausp ic ious Co Spam , th a n th c daw n w iiich Seam ed upon h e r w h en th v y tw o b ro th e rs , liand in hand , rrai^hed M ad rid , und ^ F e rd in an d V I I . WHS p ro c la im ed .’' T h e ey es o f th e

* O n tb U M n rk v itM « o c r « i M w d in x l c r t b e t d v k « ot h i» b rv t l* a ’» ,

t c H i f U A d V I I , i M K d n p ic K ;b » iy ^ u i , l a w l i l c h ^ x& *c ( b e fi> U o w in A x

u » u r a u c ^ i : T h a i tL tf t r ib « u a ]» . a u u t t n , u > d rU » « ea o f t l v :^{JSlnnh

M a te , t i l l (h p o r» « i d o w o d n d d l a o r ^ i v e d , « liftll m o i T r a l l O u t ^

d a d tb o * e lo a c k in u fl w b k h t b « b « )y I a « « nf Mai A » e r k » p r c *

a c r tb « , b f t b v s n o o t e c n t o f iA 8 « d i i n n o m t o o ^ k » d v i o le a c c * u tke/

b iT c b c fc to T M e e s iR a ie u c ^ d ; i b u J n s i u c • b u l l L a c e » 1 1 tb e p o i« e v |;

a rc e s« » i7 . a b i I tb & i j o d g a e b t &h«U b e p ^ 'v n » c c o rd i iiK t » t i i e w h o le

r ig o u r o f t l . e l a w ; t b d i t 1 i e C n r t c i o t t h c K io g O u u s a b a l l b e o o n te jw d

• n d t h e C r> ancil c o v n i t r d m p c c t t e g A i a e r k * ; A A i iH th o s e i h a l l b e

r e im l la l «> t h e c« 4> ( a i b « r e b c c o <roa* i t , > ^ e xhsif

pi t b e B b i i c t / y C o im t i ' i w r i J e P k m a ; tIkU l4>e r 0 f « l tu n v C « ah» ll

b e k i d o p e n , a r .d thu> U m l» d U tr lb a te d f t n & n ; t b e t4)nn*

s t t i ^ t i e c o n o m y 'b& lk b c iu b 'u d « rc O i a t o t] )e p k ]a r i cxperKHter«* •

f l u e Cbc pUm* r o r f » 4 d s i o d < 4 U b in I M ^ b l i r o f ik e i r h d l i b e c&>

a n i a e * ! ," & c.

V

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w hole kJngüiica w ere upuu them a n d th e assurancen, o n th a t occasion g iven to tb e u a tio u > w ere o f the m ost cb cerin g k ia d —in «ubstaoec m o re vaiuab lc aod co m p reh en sire th a n a l l th e p lan» o f re fo rm «ubse- qu en tly HUggestpd, fo r th is s im p le reaso n , tb a t th ey w ere eo n stitu tio n a l, ju s t , an d seasonable , besides b e in g cim genîttl to th é w ishes an d w an ts o f tbe w bole k ingdom . T h e y com prised a l l th a t tb e S pa- u ish peop le d esired? an d b a d Ib cy been reo liacd , th o se to w hom th e y w ere addressed w o u ld have p re fe rred tru s t in g Ut t im e fo r tb e re s t , r a th e r th a n m n tb e h a z a rd o f ex p erin ieo ts .

T b a t tb e y w ere no l c a rr ie d in to effect >vas n o t tbe fa n lt o f tb e In fan te D o u Carlo».. H e w a s tb e first T iitim o f th e F rc tu b iuvasion , as w ell a s o f b is own b ro th e r ’s b l i n d n c B S ; b u t b e alw ays th o u g h t au d a c te d ueeordiiig to h is e a r ly advioe, an<l n o m an e v e r fe lt m o re » iueerely to w ard s h is afflicted c*nintry. N o one know s b e lte r tb e g en iu s au d c h a ra c te r o f th e S pan ish peop le— u o o n e va lu es n io re th e re a l C o n stitn tlo Q o f ti ie re a lm . In M arj^b, 1820, w hen it w a s th o u g h t th a t th e n a tio n a l io s titu tlo n s w ould have b eeu r e v l r e d , h e d id u o t h e s ita te t o avow h is sen tim en ts u p » n th e a itu a lio u in w h ich b is co u n try w as th e n p la c e d , and e x p re ssed b is read iness t » co n cu r in an y rea so n ab le p la n o f re fo rm j * b u t he

* T h e f o l b w i n « ? r n e l a a > « l « i w a i i M a c d t o t h e » r œ y b y t h e l o A u i t u

Dob Carlo's, as Cc^unuodcr la• ' S o ld ie r» T h f 9 « le iim 4C l b y w h ic h y o a h u r if , y o H r » l* a d -

• rd * » d c e l i r f d y e a r «D Ü r« k d h o ttio v t v ib « l * o l l t i a l C o o a t i iv t ’o a u f th e

A lo iu r d i y , iin i" )» e» a p o n yw n g m t o b li t4 » lo a 8 , « th u » A u e tiB ie » h «

U u> y o u • I r l l l i M t c * r« e r , froa w h k l i yo® m a r e s p « » i » B i o r » l

*lf>ry. V A lo a r ftttd C003ta»iC f, i n àU t b t « IKo o o l k d e » k t o f »1*«

witlidreTv from p u b lic life a» soon as h e Cbsity iusCead o f reriviM ^ th e aiii;ien t co n stitu tio u , i t wa« w U bcd, tbroug;h th c m edium o f th e L& Is la ro ro lu - tio n , to b rin g i>ack th e re ig u o f a n a rc h y , e u d re p re - ducc a ll th c spcciou» system s o f tb e C ad is th eo ris ts . F o r tlie la s t fo u rteen y e a rs , b e h as p re fe rred tb e 5 ta tiou o f ft p riv a te in d iv id u a l, e n j o y ] t b c e n d c ^ - m cn ts o f an aOccCionatc spouse, an d devv ting th e

S p M tU b « n r i i o r , U a * u r« f O M W lw u f t b c B * i i4 u b lc iSOelU} w U li

«Phtcli y o u w i l l ffllAi p n > u jk m . I f « l i c lu t e m y x e ir o n t b e cuM i*

d « « ( « (■•stkArd b f iK e K ia p , 1 q c c i r e r r b i j ; u p o n g»e i b e h w o i i r o f

l a n d B g y o a , K A lth fu l l o t ) i« O klli w bW h I h a * « t h i i < ia ; u k c o , m ta b

M iigb ii pTc*civcc> I w iU h « a l v s f s f M r f r i m d i n ( h e n y w B icta ata4ll

fe u d y u a l i u o u e S t b c ( « ( h s n f h o n o u r a o d d n ty . T o l« p e u a d l u d c ^ a J

O U C tK ia try , t o u p b w td w i th o o s b a k a a lo y i J iy t h e T ^ m o c t b c M n c d

p e tM A o f r h e M o n a r c h , vvho U t b e « u p p o r t u f c iv il l ib e r ty a n d D «(kroal

g r c a tb c i» — t » re « p c c t ( b e l a v s — i n r a a ln ta in j ^ b U e trM q u lU ity — U i b«

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u f t b c M u U r c b y .

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riQ ( m a r k f i i b y s t r u n g e x p r e t e k i a . H i s e u i n e r 1« c o l d , g n v e , u i J

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c h a rw t< ‘ r p r c v e « t a h l a T ru if l g l v i a g w a y e i t h e r t o p r e ) « d l c e , o r e n th w f l*

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t o r t o f iTTOuad f o r t h e C4> o )p « ru to iL l> o ii C a r)u « i r c f j t c s t h i»

u i a i l i e i ) d p b y t b e p r e c t i c c o f r v c r f r i r t u c h i p r i r tU c l i f e . H e I s u lu u n le l

f o r f a t h e r s ; l i n o s i n t h e m id f l t n f h i a rh ild r< * D . b e l o r c d b y a J I w b o

a i% s e u b i n . U o n < '« r lo a p r a c i j s e « t h a t a o r t v f p i ? t y w h i c h c t B i i o t

u f lV e d t b e k u t a a s t e r c . H e a l v a r a o a a i f e i t e d t b e g r M t e i t i a d i i U i e o c e

l u |K > liE k jl q a i 9 t i o B s , u p t o t b r p e r i o d a t t a c k e d i n h i s d c 4 r t » e

m t« r e a U I7 F e r d i n a o d , d e a p o l l e d i»r h l a r i ; h t « u n d t h o s e o f b i s e b l k l r e s ,

h a p r o t e s t e d a x a i n s t t h » c o n r s e p i iv in c d h f t h a t M A i ia r c b , w i t h s l l t h e

r v » p c c t d a e t o a ^ f e r e i g s , b o t w i t h t h e f i m m m l u p l m l D7 • g o u d

r « 0 6 « . H e l e f t S p a i n w iiV io n t M u s ia i ; t h e lp a > t i a o f c r t o t h e S u t e . a n d

w i t h r ^ s t e v d e a v o u n n i ; t o v a in e i)p t n j ' p a r t y i o h i a f s r o a r ; b o t w B c o

d e i c h c b s e d t h e e y e s v f F e r d i f l « o d , h e c m b c f o r w & r d t o a M c r t h i s r i g h t « .

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« i t h o n t f o r e i g n i o t c r 9 v n t i u s , W L c o t h e K ^ iy ^ l f u o U T l e f t C « t i s » i o t b e

u l d i t o f t ' r e n c b b i ^ u Q e t s , F e r ^ i H a o d » m i t ^ e t e t M t c m a n l A u t c d t h e i r

j o y A t t b e i r (3s c a ) ie f rc > p c a p t i v i t y , w b k b w u v e iy n a c u r i d f o i i b ^ .

D 'lO C a r l o s , h o w e r e r » t a ^ D t « i n e d 4 s u l i r a m n r e , w h k h w i a d « 9 |> l ;

h is ounaCrytneUf t n d i t , th e re fo re , becom es a que«- tio u , o f tlie d eep est iu te re s t to a B riiifih lu o u areb , aa w ell as to M s m in is te rs , w b« ther a n allU iic« w ith h iiu , an d tU r o u ^ h im w ith ih e g r e a t m a jo r ity o f the S pan ish natio n , tl ie incontCHtihlc r ig h t to ti ie th ro n e being OQ h is s ide , is n o t p re fe rab le to o n e w ith th e restles!^ an d ajipiring L ib e ra ls , h ead ed b y a fo re ! 5 0

fem ale w ho ha» u su rp ed tb e scep tre , a n d besides abused th e pow er w h ich a too-coQ tiding hiesband e n tru s te d in to h e r h an d s . P e rp le x in g a» th e s itn a - tioQ o f S pain doubtle.ss i t ha^ o e rc r tb e le s s been seen , th a t con ttllia to ry m easu res w o u ld h a re done g re a t good , an d ev^n p rev en ted th e h o rro rs o f » d n l w a r, i f th e ir app lluation h ad been tu n e ly ? whilat, on th e o th e r hand , i t is e? id en t tb a t v io lence and obstinacy o n ly increase th e d ifficn itics.

I f th e n r i t i s h g o v eru m en t m ean s w ell to th e P e n in su la , n o tim e is to b e lo s t. T be banner» o f d is- c o n l a re u n fu rled , th e fie ry e le tnen ts o f destruction »preading over th c la n d ; and independen t o f o ther eonsequcnccs, si» lo n g a s a p le a fo r wagin^^ w ar a g ^ s t th e C ariistd is held o u t, th e m o re in sa tia te a re th e dem auds o f th e leader» o p posed to theoi.

b j tc T e r y m )« H e W r liiA t bi‘ « • * iw lo « |p r »

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f o r f i f n e r a , w b k h h e w o u ld b a r « # u h » d io u b t w a S ^ iio ie rd e . D r^i»

su fT o w w » i 4e^ct«ii u a hk c o u a i r a a a c « , »nd br refii»«(l iw g)>e hh fau & d io h k U W n u ^ r i . t h e h o ib M i i u £ M a im F n A c i» « » , In f ia iM u t

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b r o t b e n wbo t f t » i t tK e l i a c • • P o rte f« !»

D o n C a r k n S a d j l a ih « < t e r » c i c r u n d n r t u e » o f b in « i f * , « o » r rccv tn *

r t w t c f o r i b e « r k ^ wkteVi h » * 6 liv d k k h v t n a ia c e h e w »» 9 e |« i4 te < t

f ro a ) tU t O tb e i j i a r t o f h i t £ u i i j y . b e tw « e & w h u a i u a d h iu k s e i r (m ic a te

i a K m t a n r i h a v e r u M 4 a t m i n r /*

an d th c bo ld er a re tb e ir cacroacb iuen t» npon (he in s titu tio n s o f th c moiinnOiy. S ince i^ u cca C hrU - lin a ’A coaliclan w ith th c L ib e ra ls , h e r a u th o rity ha» acq u ired u o m oral «tri^ngth. S he i% com pletely «►Terawed by tb e provip(;iaJ ^ v e m o r s , an d t i u f five g:iiided b y th e C lubs. S h o u ld , how ever, a militAcy le a d e r g;ain m o re th a n usu a l nKceudanry, a n d cod- c ilia te tb c Directi(»oft o f th c a rm y , (b e o rg a n s o f Ihe l a t t r r w o u ld th e n d ic ta te te rm s lo h e r , a s th e y did to FcrdiuB ud V I I . , in llftiiO.

'd i e ( ju ccn c a n n o t p ropose a meiv^ure accep tab le to tlie pi*eat Tjody o f th e p eo p le . W h a te v e r may have been th c effect p ro d u re d w ith in th c r ire u m lc - i« n c« o f tb e cap itah o r how ever fla ttering’ tl ie hopcts en te r ta in e d o f it abrofu l, th e iCst»tu(t/ f ie n l, ;is a ptib llc m easu re , hwi com plete ly ^ l e d . L o y a l and stea<ly S pan iard« a re n o t eaxily th ra w n o ff chcir ^ a r d . T o re flec tin g ro inds i l b ringn w ith i t th« ta in t o f su sp ic io n ; w iiereas, to o th e rs , from beiug so io n g delayed , i t w ears th e ap p e a ra n ce o f h a r in g been e x to r te d , 'f h e g re a t m a jo r ity eondem u i t as jaco h m ica l, sqiemulative, an d a n tin a tio n a l, v iew ing ii besides a s tb c le t t in g loo se o f tb e f irs t s tream u f thone d a n ^ r o i i s tn iiovations, w hich, i f u n restra in ed , w ould sw ell in to a d evasta ting to r re n t , a n d i«H'eep aw ay every th in g h ith e r to rev ered an d gtable in tbc m onarchy .

A se rie s o f iiupo^tureii«, to o im p u d en t to b e for- g o tteu , a n d to o ca lam ito u s tv be fo rg iv en , h av e p u t (h e S pan ish p eo p le on tb c a l e r t ; an d so lo n g as frau d a n d violeiM e co n tin u e to b e th e lead ing featu re s v f th c CJiristiuo po licy , th e y d esp a ir o f both rea] U buity an d p e rm ao en t happineas, u n d er thc

dom inion o f th a t p a rty w bo b av e no reliaiici» b u t ou ib< m u ltitu d e fo r su p p o rt. T h e p rir ilc g e d Dud re flec tin g cla$ises bave ta k e n tb e a la r io , u o t only a t tb e ftudacious a tte m p t to su bvert a F un d am cu la l S ta tu te , avow pdly en a c te d fo r tb « p u b lic b e o d il , bu t a lso a t th c frauClc ra g e fo r p lu u d e r an d destnu ttlon , w b iih b a s m ark t‘d th e s h o r t c n rcc r o f th e P o r tu guese LibcriOa in L isbon . T b c re tb e S p an ia rd s see cha t re /vrm s, p ro te c te d by fo re ign bayou et», have bccQ ca rried ou w ith su cb v io lcocc , ra p id ity , aud s\icce»i$, th a t, in n few m o n th s , a com ple te cbaugc h as CHken p lace in th e law s, p ro p e r ty , au d cvcu in th e m au o e rs o f tb e inhabitant:«, throujch th e in trv - d u c tio n o f a uew system> a n d by th c m a n d a te of one, w ho, os p rev io u sly no ticed , rlo tfu d A im se^ w ith pow er, an d is ^ t d c d o u ly b y rap ac io u s and levelling counsellors.

W b a t is g o in g o u iu Lisbon« is ao a d d itio n a l \v*arn* in g to th c S p an ia rd s againi^t ra»h a o d in tem p era te inn o v a tio n s, a n d th c confusion a lread y c re a te d there o o ^ h t, oue. w on id th in k , to d e te r fo re ign n a tions fi’om inCcrtering in th c c o n c c ru s o f th e conH irting p a r tie s . T h e P o r tu g e s e h av e a n a tio n a l C onstitu t io n o f tb c ir ow n, tb e sam e as th e Spaniard.*^, and, i f possible« d e a r e r an d b e tte r d ed n cd th a n th e irs . I ts basis is m ore m odern au d less com plex , bavinic been e stab lish ed by tb e F o u n d e r o f th e m o n a rc h y ; b u t w h en , in J n ly 1828, th e y rev iv ed tb c ir anc ien t L eg is la tio n , fo r th e expreK j p u rp o se o f s e ttlin g the Succcssiou, w e ra ile d a t th e ir effo rt, a n d contcraned ibe aw ard , p ro n o u n ced in th e m o st de lib era tiv e man* u e r , an d a fte rw ard s accep ted b y th c peoplei xvbicli d ec la red , as o iir P arlia in e itt d id on b eh a lf o f Cliarle«^

I I . , ** tl ia t th e CrowD ap p erram s, by ju s t au d un- iloub tcd riffh t, to th e King*, a n d to h is law fhl H ctrs an d Sucecsi*or».” * T h a t aw ard confirm ed tb p ex - clusiou o f O om P o d ro ; an d y e t we p re fe r a rearly- in ad c C oustitu tion from tb e N ew \V*orld, ac«ompa* n ied b y th e b lc « iu g s o f lA h c r n lim , au d an im p o rta tio n o f new ly ad v c u tn re rs .

W hvn F e rd in a n d V I I . w as cu trap p ed by FrcD cb, lie suci-cedcd iu sen d in g to S pain h is p ro te s t a g a in s t th e B ayonoe e x to i^ o n s , t o o t h e r w ith le t te r s eu jo in in ^ th e C ouncil o f C astile to conveqe tb e C o rtes , i a case tb is hod n o t a lread y been done by tb e R eg eu cy j w hich w as v e i l un ile rstood to be fo r th e so le p u rp o se o f a tte n d in g to th e p r^ ^ in g w an ts o f tb e n a tio n .f R u t F erd in au d h ad l i t t le idea, a t th a t tim e , tb a t tb e Corte»« w htcli h e th u s o rd e red to b e convened , w ould , in tb e p ro g re ss o f th e ir patrivH c lab o u rs , ^ trip b in t o f tbo se r ig h ts , d ign ities, au d preeuiinenoe!^, w bieh h e an d h is ancesto rs h ere to fo re enjoyed ; o r th a t tb e y w ou ld p ro ceed to en ac t a new C o nstitu tion fo r th e M onarchy , as Senipere o b w rrc s , “ a lm o st e n tire ly co p ied fro m th e lY cneh one o f 1 7 9 1 b u t s till m ore d e m o e ra tic a l." ! W h a t

■ X i à é S » t . 1 3 , C t r . i i . c . I2 -

t T it« i»erv«B e n f n u i v d « i i h th e » * le t t e r s a n d p ro M « t« w a i Ib trm » -

barro, F^«c&l >jf the Cuumcil o f N tram :.

t d « i t i C o r a 'S òr < »p . x a \x . " O n » o o l t t t iW rc

c r u i r c q « o Ia o o n n l l « C o n s t iU t i u s r o u r r e ^ P d c l a t o 3o d (^

r a l e <l»>8 E i p a g n o ls , t w i i « q u ’«U « o 'é t a i t <)ae r^ H u lia i d M In tH y a e s

d 'u n c fkccioB» c o B ^ c ^ |v r e |« r é e p a r d e s é c r ìu t iiic« m d iw rc« , n p a r W

c r i* e t I r s d 'M r d r M <f#» tioniM iP! lé d ie W iu e t m u b x e o t i , d o n i k g

1m n l e t i e t » t t le a t r i b u a c a d n C n r v a re o ip U e i , p u v

a p f ^ a u d ir , e i p o a i s ilB e r e* lu ip O s« r s i lc o c c & e ^ x ( |q i « o i i J a ^ n t C éa ter

d*y o p p o s e ? l a rc s U tf ta c c .” — i b ì d - ^ P r e s c h e d i i io n .

i>i now passin g iu M ad rid nud L islw n, is equally I'fivululiouary, a n d y e t i t is ca lled , reslo riug the und e n t j/ri7iriplcs o f thc monarch t/ T h e C ad iz Co a • siUCutlou o f 1812, wax a d o p te d by th c O p o rto rcvo- luCiooists, iu 1S20; a u d U is a re io a rk ab le fa c t, th a t som e o f i ts o rig in a l cna<;tors a rc üow am ong (¿aeen <^:hristina'<!$ I'oofidants, au d severa l u f tho<<e >vbo were in s tru m en ta l in i ts introdxKttiun in tu P ortugal^ stan d a t th c h ead o f D om T c d ro 's v au tu il.

N oCw ithstunding these luconMÍxtencúes an d coutra> r ic tic s , th e D ritls ti and F ren ch ad m in istr« tiuus, since fh e changes in tiic tw o co u n trie s , h a r e no t been re lu c ta n t (H ioperaturs in P cu iitsu la r affairs, altiiough I t H’as n cy er doub tfu l w hieh p ;irty w ould b e m ost ben e litted , siiou ld th e P cd ro ite a n d C hris tino s(;hemcs iiuceccd. A t th e I’a la is R oyal, th c A zores e x p e d ition w w i an o b jcc t o f th c dcc]>est in te r e s t ; an d tlie .tccret meun* e iupb iycd Isy th e Frcncth K ing fo r it< a tta in m e n t, w ere e x a c tly iu tb e 5name sp ir it as th a t TV'bich toolc J u u u t tu IjisUon. T h e a n x ie ty o f the F rcn eh lo r n a tio n a l ag g ran d izeu ien t, is as Btrong an d gerseral an e r e r i t w as u n d e r N ap o lco o . By e x ten d ib g an d co n so lid a tin g h e r iuduence m eontigU ' o u s coun tries, F ra u c e hopes to g a in com m ercial a d v au tag cs , a n d by th is m eaus m ak e u p to r thc loss u f C olonies. H enr« was h e r a tten tio n tu rn e d to w ard s th c A ü’icAD side o f th e M e d ite r ra n e a n ; aod tIte e v e n tu a l in co rpo ra tion o f B elg ium hav ing been $iecured, th e P y re n e a n Peniui^iiia w as tb c n e x t p o in t th a t aíTorded th e best chances o f s u n ess. O f the p riv a te viewt$ o f th e O rlean s F am ily upon S pain , m ix ed u p , as th e y a re , w ith o ld h e re d ita ry claim s

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one «"ho d istingu ished h im self b y b is infrl^MeK in C ata lo u ia , in P h ilip V .’s tim e , an d o f Frcuch I ’E g a iite , i t w as n a tu ra l to e x p e c t th a t , w hen scatpd upon A B ourbon th ro u e , li^ w o u ld endeav<»aF to cast OM t b rau ch cs o f h is ow n d y n asty aronn ii htm .

W h jis t we b e a r th e odium o f a jo in t iu te rfe ren ce in P e n in su la r affair?, th e F re a c h a rc g a in in g su b s ta n tia l bcnc6 t«, a n d p n rsu in g th e p lan o f pnliiicak a u d oorom tTcial cu m p e iitio n , a s o rig in a lly coDceircd b y l-uu is X iV ., ac ted u p o n b y N apoleon , au d re vived b y l» u i s F liilip p e . A gainst th e aggrand iain if v iew s o f th e firs t, tb e S p an ish peop le tbcmsKflves, as s ic fi in the p reced in g p ag es , opposed th e m ost rlfi- cacious b a r r ie r (no tw ith stau d iu g th e y too ii hi» g ran d son a s th e ir sovere ign) actixally jo in in g in o u r views to p re v e u t th e u tiion o f thw tw o C row ns, even after wc h ad c a rr ie d ou a te a y e a rs ’ w a r a g a in s t th c m j b u t th e va lu e o f tin s b a r r ie r is now e n tire ly o v erlooked . A» re g a rd s N ap id eo u , we m u st n e v e r fo rget th a t th e seeds o f di&cord w ere «own in ftpain , e^ome y fa r s before th e Fren<th revo lu tion 5 h u t even afw r th a t fa tfd ex a tn p le , th e dom in ions o f C h arles IV'.

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c o n M r t . fo ra r tfd a c r i n i n a l c o B B e a 'iu h w i t h t>ie P u k e o f O r l« « n i , a n d

j w i t l f tb e v g A i'em c 'd t b e kingdCNOi. T h e H n f n n a u t c Iting

a n d t b e e o a o ic f s o o n a f tw i r a r d * c o n t o i t c d b y a c iv il w a r .

O r lM M w w M l e o f l i i a s f k H io M d ,

i'o iitinu«d tra n q u il, an d ttkc ijiflucnce v f th e p ro v i ' ilftnt p o licy o f (Ih? Kpuiii»li Bouvboos re m a in e d uQ' dim inislicd . T h e agfûta o f th c tY cnch revolu tion p c iif tra tio it to M ad rid , in ro lv o d th e S pan ish g o - veru u ieu t i a ru in o u s und an tlu a tio n n l m easures» ex- bHUStcd finaoce»^, hum bled i ts ra n k , an d causcd th e dejitructiou o f i ts aav y ? w h en Naj>olcon, a fte rw ard» seeing Sjiaiu reduced to a s ta te o f debility , ava iled b io jsc lf o f Ib e p a la c e di»*«n»ions, overthrew th e c o n s titu te d au th o ritie« , ao d , tb c m ore efTectually til ••ATTj h is designs itito execu tio u , se ised upuD tbc persoufi u f tb e R o y a l Fam ily .

U n d e r p re te x t o f liic T re a ty o f F o n tu n b le a u , he oc<ûpied tb e ¡iriue lpa l forCrcsscis, an d advanced liis a rm ie s tow :irds M ad rid . G odoy looked upon these perlidiouA a c ts w itli indilTerence, tb e p lo t beitig deep ly l » d ; h u t w h a t lu n s t have b een Che su rprise o f C h arles IV . w h en , iu F e b ru a ry , Isqu iu rdou o ex p ec tcd ly in fo n n e d h im , b y N ap o leo n ’s o rd ers ,

th a t tîe in te re s t o f F ra n c e req u ired tb e an n ex a tio n o f a ll ih o S pan ish provinces, s itu a te d betw een th e Pvreneeî an d ib e E b ro , a u d th a t to r th is d im in u tio n o f te r r ito ry , S pain w as to rece ive a fu ll co m p en sa tio n m P o r tu g a l.”

Afêr S p u n h a s been invo lved in th e calam ities o f a w a r o f Sn(;oe».Rion, an d , to a l l appeu racces, left iueApable o f e x tr lc a tiu g h e rs e lf from h e r difficulties, w h a t w ould b e th e su rp rise o f E u ro p e to see Louis P h ilippe , a fU r b e in g allow ed, n a y p e rh ap s in r ite d , to sen d a n a rm y in to S p a in , suhstan tiaU y re ite ra tin g th e sam e dem and u n d e r a m odified fo rm , b y d e c la r in g tb a t th c tw o queens, w hose u su rp a tio n s h e has m ost lab o u red to su p p o ri, shall espouse tw o o f liis

sau s, as a ren»inpen«)t iliie ti» own cR orts. ^ l i a t \ v ( tM th en b e rliB ei (na tion o f tb c B ritish lu eo t in tb e P en ín su la , o n fíad íng th«it P h ilippe h a d bccQ a U c to rea lize Che gr& 'id a c d ainbltiou« MdienifH o f Jjoxií» X IV ., a n d tbaC h e h ad beside» ^ n e d a ll ib e b e tte^ t o f N ap o lco u ’» t r e a ib e ry and h o s tility affsiusC th e “ T y ra a tR o f tb e Occai».” tk* f a r , th e KriCish ^ n re m ro e o t have a c tu a lly seeundod hifl effo rts, a n d i t is thoui^ht th a t IVeiM'h ti*oups w ill, e re long» e n te r N aT nrre , u n d e r th e p re te x t o f p u tting; dow u th e Carlifltfl. S h o u ld thi« in te rv en tio n be a llow ed , L o u is P h ilip p e w ill nnqGC&tionai>ly m ake tiie m o st o f his t r ia iu p h ; fo r i t c an n o t b e th o u g h t th a t th e N eu p o lttan prineesees, h is ow n (ner<es, w ill b e Ic s ; efficieot a ^ n t n in ln»< «ní<Test, th a n S a- v a r ; an d l«aforcst w e re Co X a p o le o n ; o r th a t the new Hcheme w ou ld n o t be e^âally as p leasin i; t« S o u lt an d T ally n iiid f as tb e o ld one w as.

T h e od iu tü o f a F ren ch in te rv en tio n iro u ld in e r i t - ab ly fa ll u p o n u s , as i t >s g eu era lly uQ iierstood by th e n a tiv e s , tliuc L ou is I 'h ilip p c leaves Che m U iative i a P e a in s u la r affhirs to tb e B r it is h g o v em tu eo t. Siicii a * tep Tnigiit, how ever, le a d t« o th e r serious cuD sequences. D eep ly as tlie M ai^rid cab in e t m ay 'be in te re s te d io th e p lo t, th e g re e t bodv o f th c S p au ish peo p le , an d a m o o ^ Chem m au y o f th e L ib e ra ls , ob jec t to rece tv iug f o r e i ^ a id ‘y an d sh o u ld th c F ren c ii in te rfe re , th e y w ould find th e S paniard ii as in tra c ta b le , in th e c h a ra c te r u f frien d s , fte th ey d id w hen th e y h ad to dea l w ith th eu t a» enein iee . Such a n ev en t could noC fa il t o re n d e r <ûeeo C h tis tin n ’s g o v e rn m en t m ore ■anpopular tîan i t is , a n d h e r in d ig n an t subject« m ig lit rem in d h e r , t i ia t o n e o f the

luu&t ine tiio ra^ le mastm)« o f tb e A loo2 u Code, ibc a u th o i i t j oi w bich ¿b e seeks to tu rn to b e r own advautag;e> is , th a t uvcd a law ful m o n arcb becom es a ty ra u t , u i d m av b c ca lled suck , i f b e abuse» tbe p ow er eoQ ùded to b im fo r th c p u b lic w e a l."* T be oppresj^or o f C h arles V . m u st u o t fo rg e t tb a t P e te r o f C astile , uotw ichstandini? b is c le a r an d nekuuH*- Icdgcd th ro u g h bii^ M'ueltie«^ b ro u g h t downupoti b is h ead tb e ex e c ra tio n s o f hi^s p e o p le ; w h ilst H en ry , th e u su rp e r i»f th e ii^rne C row n, g a in e d n n i- verfitti e ^ e m by b is frao k o css , ben ig n ity , an d at* te n tio D lo tb e p ub lic w elfa re .

T o P o rtu g a l w c a rc , how ever, \ioum l h y T re a tie s , w hich im pose upon us ob liga tions v e ry UifBerent to (hose w h ich c o n n c c tu s w ith S pain -y b u t a^ a iu s t bot}i have we jo in e d in a rev o lu tio u ary fichcme w hich, In th e end , mn»i; p ro v e fa ta l to o u r n a tio n a l b o o o u r and com m ercia l intcrcbb^f w hicbe^xr w ay th e con test (e rm in a tc s . W e a r c Ib c a b e tto rs o f u su rp a tio n in b o th co u n trie s ; becau>ie in each w e h av e acknow led g ed illega l an d u n co u siitu tio n a i au th o ritie s , g iv in g to siiein o u r nioruJ sud an d a ll th e sec re t s n p f o r t i s o u r pow er. B o u n d to p ro te c t P o rtu g a l a^a in^ t f o re i^ i » eg ressio n , CTcn as i f i t w ere Knglarui 9el/y w e alh)w ed tb e Frem*h to fo rce tb e Tag;us and c a rry o ff the P o rtu g u e se flee t, m ere ly because thc rr ìb n n a ls o f th a t c o u n try condem ned th e p ro fan a to r o f a c h u rc h to an ordin<iry ¡»un ishuen t, a f ie r tbe leg a l fo rm alities h a d been m in p lie d w ith . T h e vei»- sels noinposintf th a t flee t have since b een k e p t a t B re s t, a s secu rity ( i t )h a lleged) fo r a snm o f m oney,

* Sk*e P&ititÌÉi», Ley 19, Hi. 1, V*xt. 2.

an d oro rtovi; to b< rM urnw l to D o th V cdro , i»ti p ay m en t o f th e sum d e m a n d e d ; b u t w h o can say th a t tliis is n o t p a r t ot* t^ie bmm y allow ed fo r Ihe la te dcB tm ction o f o u r T re a tie s w ith P o rtu g a l ?

\V c liave Mdcd a n d ab c tte il D om P ed ro , an d cod-

se^u eo tly a r c im pU catcd in th e anis o f h is agents. F o r b is b fiie fit we a llow ed u u r m un ie ipal law s to be y io la ted , and tl ie trca tm e jrt wliicU B ritish subjects h av e cxperieoced , a t b is h an d s , w ill b e au e te rn a l eondetuoation o f t i c lev ity w ith w M eh th e y w ere e n tru s te d to h is ciirc an d g en ero s ity . S ix time* have w c p e rm itte d th e P o rtu g u ese te r r i to ry to be iuvaded b y th e S pan iard« , th re e o f w hivh w ere fo r th e p u rp o se o f m u rd e rin g th e law ful H e ir to a th ro n e ; and th e p tib lic a re a ssu re d th a t an O fícnA vt a n d D cfeosive A llianee h as j u “t been lo m ie d , in w h ich E n g la n d an d F ra n c e a r e C o n ira i^ ln g P artie s , f o r th e paci/icathn o f th e P en in su la , b ased upoti Ihe w ith d raw a l o f th e m ale com petito rs , b y w hieh m eans

fem ales w ould b e le ft iu q u ie t possession o f th e ir respective th e a tre s trf ac tio n .* l l í a t L ou is P h ilippe ghoald b e an x io u s fo r th e realizH tion o f »u(^h a p lan , m ay b c easily im ag ined^ b u t h o w th e B ritish gov e rn m en t could jo in in so im poiitirt a mc5is\ire, or a b e t 8 0 f l a ^ a u t au atta^tk upoTi th e si»vereiguty of

• N o f t c t f o u l d b e m o c d e d slArtwD»— )«o « * i» m v t e b c r o « ,

t i a n D u u i M ip ic í '» c u u s tf tn l liP M U n c c t u d « l iw r o p IXru

o w n o n c l « - » l i i l*w f«2 H«1r t o i b c S p jr t ie h r t r u n c , t o f r t * '^ » I t h h '«

i a j i o c f u l c h B d r « » , t o t b e l> u K h í im B k i i Í \ t» o f a * « n C b i 'u tw » ’»

E u r u p e , up© « th i* w l y e c i , h a # y e t b m I i W I r iá n i j b w ib e s * jK t S « u w i

e s l l « , w T U d il '» i M t L ow ttion p r o « e a , re iiu ip u d o f »h« K m e y f P o r tw g J

n o o o r e t h t a « n o i 'd ii» » '? * iy l u n i , i b e v im líc u tíg n « ' 'b i 'I r

n g h b a n d t b e j o W k e o f t h e i r c * « « , I n I b e h n d i o f S ja n U r d * .

tw o in d epe iitleu t kiugdom «, w a p rob lem ex trem ely d iftlcult to so lve, $y ideot a s It m u st b e , th a t i f tb e decision upon th e ngbC s o f e ith e r D o n C arlos, o r D om M iguel, w ere le f t t o th c law s, o r to th e •wishes o f tb e in h itb itan ts , tb c pcDding c o iitc s ts w ould eoon

te n u iu a te .R ea lly , we seem d c te rm io ed to ruiD o u r «credit

an d d es tro y o u r com m ercia l iD terest'i i a tb c P coin- sn la . A ll w e b&vc d u n e th e re , f o r th e lose ttvo year» , b as h ad tb is tendt^^cy. N o dem onstm tioa» o n th c p a r t v f th e peop lc have sufficed to ch eck o u r m a d c a ree r. E x p crlcn ce n ev erth e less teaches us, th a t th e liosUle fcc liug agaiusC D o m F ed ro , fa r from bp iug a llay ed , d a lly iacrciu^es th ro u g h h is own acts. Sm cc th e l/i«bon spoU atjons and his m anifest in - ^ t i t u H c , m any o f b is la te p a t io os h av e iodccd ta k e ji th e a la rm , an d som e o f th em even begin to th in k , w h en n e ith e r p reu ep t, n o r m isfortunca InQu- ence b is actii^n^, th a t h e C K n n o t b e rec la im ed - H e is, howc^'e^, n o * “ fiu rly p laccd a t th e h ead o f th e P o rtu g u e se re v o b itio a , an d ooc w ou ld have th o u g h t, t b a t a sen se o f h o n o u r an d p ru d eu cc w ou ld have shew n to th e B r it is h g y v ern m en t, th e neceRftity o f g u a rd in g agaiu.st tb c sum e d iso i^ an iz in g schem es in S pain .

F o r th c S p an ia rd s a n d P o rtu g u ese w e n o t ooly a p p o in t Bovereigu^, b u t al> e) d ic ta te t o them th e fo rm s o f g o re rn m e a t w b ich th ey a re to adop t. R ea lly i t w onld be b e tte r a t ouce to b lo t th c tw o conn tr ie s from th e g eu e ra l m ap , th a n see th em th u s oppi'esscd an d d eg rad ed . T h e p u b lic Jaw o f E urope, b y w h ich th e r ig h ts a u d obligatlouf« o f a l l tb e com - p o n eu t S ta te s a r c defined an d sau e tio D cd , a d m its o f

u o p rin c ip ie ot* m tc rle re o cc lik e tliis . T he tm u sfe r u f th e b u v e r u ^ t ; o f e i th e r S p a in , o r P u r ti ig s l , to p a rtie s ch o sen , o r upheld , b y E u p la n d a u d F rance , is a m oiHstrvslty, u c v c r before iu-.ard of, a u d , if c a rr ie d in to effect, t í ie in te g rity an d indepeD4<Qfi e x is te a e e o f bo th m u st cea.se.

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n o to p p o e c d t o ( h e h o ty U w v f ( l o d , i n w h ic h ca ftc , I d o n o t h f n i ta t^

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w e ll M ( b a t I u u i u n g r v i ^ ' 7 0 A ; U a t o u ic b e r C o d , B iy c u a e c i r a « - ,

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in t o t b c p a ib o f f o u r ( In iy , w s«« leM . N o tb io j ; i* n o w le f t t o m e

b u t l u ( I rp lo rv r o a r e r r o r , a s d p r a ; b> &m 1 t o { t r e e i e • t r e n g t l i to

i u i i t t b c b c f t ry b l u « .

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y o u a r c n y o b J j 'a n d m o s t b e lo v e d a o a , I f to m i h i t m n n K z it h o ld yo u

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y o u r r d i f ñ o n a n d y ^ u i h o n o n i . A d ic o , S th a a t ia n , a n d » c c ^ p t th e

h lv M io g o f y o u r m o a t a f l l c t e d u u d t e r .

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