Time Value of Money materi pa dosen

38
Memahami  T ime V alue of Money MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN RUMAH SAKIT

Transcript of Time Value of Money materi pa dosen

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Memahami Time Value of Money

MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN RUMAH SAKIT

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Pendahuluan

 Tujuan Keuangan: KebebasanKeuangan (berhasil, aman, kaya,

bahagia)Alat dalam perencanaan keuangan:

konsep nilai aktu uang

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Konsep nilai waktu uang:

!ang yang diterimasekarang nilainya lebih

besar daripada uangyang diterima di masamendatang"

#ebih aal uang anda

menghasilkan bunga,lebih cepat bungatersebut menghasilkanbunga"

Mengapa$

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Interest and CompoundInterest

%unga (&nterest) ' adalah suatu hasilyang diterima dari uang yang

diinestasikannya"ompound interest ' adalah bunga

yang diterima dari inestasi yangberasal bunga suatu inestasisebelumnya"

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 Jenis-jenisPenghitungan:

*uture Value of a +ingle +umresent Value of a +ingle+um

*uture Value of an Annuity

resent Value of an Annuity

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Persamaan Nilai Mendatang(Future Value o a single sum!

%erapa nilai masa depan uang yang anda tabung atauinestasikan hari ini akan tergantung pada: %esarnya dana yang anda tabungkan

 Tingkat suku bunga atau return dari tabungan anda

#amanya dana tersebut akan ditabungkan *Vn - V(. / i)n

*V - 0ilai mendatang dari inestasi pada akhir tahun ke1n

i - tingkat bunga tahunan V - nilai sekarang dari sejumlah uang yang diinestasikan

ersamaan ini dipergunakan untuk menghitung nilai darisebuah inestasi pada titik aktu di masa mendatang"

2p """ 2p """" 2p """" 2p """"

t = 0 t = n

PV FV

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Periode Pelipatgandaan(Compounding Period!

3e4nisi ' periode aktupenghitungan bunga dari suatu

inestasiontohnya ' harian, bulanan, atau

tahunan

Makin sering (cepat), semakin besarbunga yang diperoleh

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Contoh:

V - 2p 5"666"666i - .67 n - 8 tahun*V8 - 5666666 9 (./6".)8

  - 5666666 9 .".68.

  - ;55.656

PV = Rp 2.000.000

i = 10% n = 5 tahun

FV5 = 2000000 !1"!0.1#12$$512

  = 2000000 1.&5'0(

  = '2(01)

T    A  H   U   N    A  N   

*  U   +  A  N    A  

N   

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In"estasi #erulang $ #agaimanamemperoleh %unga dari %unga

*uture1alue interest factor (*V&*i,n)

adalah nilai yang digunakan sebagai

pengali untuk menghitung jumlahuang dikemudian hari, danmerupakan pengganti dari (. / i)n 

yang ada dalam persamaan"Ru,u-

FVn = PV!1 " i$n FVn = PV !FVIFin$ 

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Nilai &ang untuk #ia'a Pernikahan

ada tahun 566<, rata1ratabiaya pernikahan adalah2p .=,.6>,666" 3enganasumsi, tingkat in?asi >7"

%erapa biaya pernikahanpada tahun 565<$

*Vn - V (*V&*i,n)*Vn - V (. / i)n

*V56 - V (. / 6"6>)56

*V;6 - .=,.6>,666(5".=..5)*V;6 - >.,<8=,.8

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umus )*

Memperkirakan berapa tahun sebuahinestasi akan berjumlah dua kalinya

 @umlah tahun untuk mencapai duakalinya -5 B tingkat pertumbuhan (bunga)compound tahunan

ontoh 11 5 B < - = ini menunjukkan,dibutuhkan = tahun agar inestasibernilai dua kalinya jika tingkatbunganya adalah <7 per tahun

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Nilai +ekarang (PresentValue!

 Tingkat bunga diskonto (the discountrate) atau bunga yang dipergunakan

untuk menghitung nilai sekarangdari nilai yang ditetapkan dimasamendatang"

resent1alue interest factor (V&*i,n

)

adalah nilai digunakan untukmenghitung nilai sekarang darisejumlah uang"

 @ika mendapat arisan 2p .6 juta

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Persamaan Nilai +ekarang(Present Value!

ersamaan aal: *Vn - V(. / i)n

V - *Vn (.B (. / i)n

V - *Vn (V&*i,n) V - nilai sekarang dari sejumlah uang di masa

mendatang

*Vn - nilai inestasi pada akhir tahun ke1n

V&*i,n - the present alue interest factor ersamaan ini digunakan untuk

menentukan berapa nilai sekarang darisejumlah uang dimasa mendatang)"

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Penghitungan Nilai +ekarang:Contoh

 @ika dijanjikan mendapatuang sebesar C866,666pada aktu >6 tahunmendatang, dengan asumsi

bunga 7, berapa nilaisekarang dari uang yangdijanjikan$

V - *Vn (V&*i,n)

V - C866,666 (V&*7, >6 yr)

V - C866,666 ("6=)V - C><,866

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,nuitas

3e4nisi ' nilai uang pada akhirperiode aktu dari serangkaian

pembayaran dalam jumlah yangsama selama periode aktutertentu"

ontohnya ' premi asuransi jia,pembayaran hadiah lotre,pembayaran dana pensiun"

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Persamaan Nilai Mendatangdari ,nuitas

*Vn  - MT (*V&*Ai,n)

*Vn - nilai mendatang, dalam rupiah

sekarang, dari sejumlah uang MT - pembayaran yang dibuat pada

akhir setiap periode

*V&*Ai,n

- the future1alue interest factor

for an annuity

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Anuitas

,nuitas: serangkaian

pem%a'aran dalam jumlahuang 'ang sama 'ang terlihatpada akhir periode waktu

tertentu

0 1 2 3 4

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Contoh Anuitas:

 Jika kamu mem%eli o%ligasi.kamu akan mendapat kuponpem%a'aran %unga selama

periode o%ligasi Jika kami meminjam uanguntuk mem%eli rumah ataumo%il. kamu harus mem%a'ar/i/ilan dalam jumlah 'angsama

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Future Value - annuit'I 'ou in"est 01.222 at the end o the ne3t4 'ears. at 56. how mu/h would 'ou ha"e

ater 4 'ears7

  0 1 2 3

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Future Value - annuit'I 'ou in"est 01.222 at the end o the ne3t4 'ears. at 56. how mu/h would 'ou ha"e

ater 4 'ears7

  0 1 2 3

  1000 1000 1000

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Future Value - annuit'I 'ou in"est 01.222 at the end o the ne3t 4'ears. at 56. how mu/h would 'ou ha"e ater4 'ears7

Mathematical Solution:FV 8 PM9 (FVIF, i. n !

FV 8 1.222 (FVIF, 25. 4 ! (use

FVIF, ta%le. or!

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Nilai mendatang $ annuitas Jika kita mengin"estasikan p 1 jt pada akhir tahun

selama 4 tahun dengan %unga 56. %erapa %esar jumlah uang setelah akhir periode 4 tahun7

Mathematical Solution:

FV 8 PM9 (FVIF, i. n !FV 8 1 jt (FVIF, 25. 4 ! (use FVIF,

ta%le. or!

FV 8 PM9 (1 i!n - 1

  i

F t V l it

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Future Value - annuit'I 'ou in"est 01.222 at the end o the ne3t 4'ears. at 56. how mu/h would 'ou ha"eater 4 'ears7

Mathematical Solution:

FV 8 PM9 (FVIF, i. n !

FV 8 1 juta (FVIF, 25. 4 ! (use FVIF, ta%le. or!

FV 8 PM9 (1 i!n - 1  i

FV 8 1 jt (125!4  - 1 8 p4.*;<.;22  25

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Cal/ulating the Future Value oan ,nnuit': =du/ational +a"ings

Assuming C5666 annualcontributions ith =7 return,ho much ill educationalsaings be orth in ;6 years$

*Vn - MT (*V&*A i, n)

*V;6 - C5666 (*V&*A =7,;6 yr)

*V;6 - C5666 (.;";68)

*V;6 - C55,.6

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Present Value o an ,nnuit'=>uation

Vn - MT (V&*Ai,n)

Vn - the present alue, in todayDs

dollars, of a sum of money MT - the payment to be made at the

end of each time period

V&*Ai,n

 - the present1alue interest

factor for an annuity

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Present Value o an ,nnuit'=>uation (/ont?d!

 This eEuation is used to determinethe present alue of a future stream

of payments, such as your pensionfund or insurance bene4ts"

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Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the end oea/h o the ne3t 4 'ears. i theopportunit' /ost is 567

  0 1 2 3

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  0 1 2 3

  1000 1000 1000

Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the endo ea/h o the ne3t 4 'ears. i the

opportunit' /ost is 567

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  0 1 2 3

  1000 1000 1000

Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the end oea/h o the ne3t 4 'ears. i theopportunit' /ost is 567

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Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the endo ea/h o the ne3t 4 'ears. i the

opportunit' /ost is 567

Mathematical Solution:

PV 8 PM9 (PVIF, i. n !

PV 8 1.222 (PVIF, 25. 4 ! (use PVIF,ta%le. or!

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Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the end o ea/h o thene3t 4 'ears. i the opportunit' /ost is 567

Mathematical Solution:

PV 8 PM9 (PVIF, i. n !

PV 8 1.222 (PVIF, 25. 4 ! (use PVIF,ta%le. or!

  1

PV 8 PM9 1 - (1 i!n

 i

Present Value - annuit'

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Present Value - annuit'@hat is the PV o 01.222 at the end o ea/ho the ne3t 4 'ears. i the opportunit' /ostis 567

Mathematical Solution:PV 8 PM9 (PVIF, i. n !

PV 8 1.222 (PVIF, 25. 4 ! (use PVIF,

ta%le. or!  1

PV 8 PM9 1 - (1 i!n i

  1PV 8 1222 1 - (125 !4  8

0*.A))12

  25

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Cal/ulating Present Value o an,nnuit': Now or @ait7

Fhat is the present alueof the 58 annualpayments of C86,666oGered to the soon1to1bee91ife, assuming a 87discount rate$

V - MT (V&*Ai,n

)

V - C86,666 (V&*A 87, 58)

V - C86,666 (.>"6=>)V - C6>,66

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#u'ing a Car @ith Four =as',nnual Installments

Fhat are the annualpayments to repay C,666 at.87 interest and > yearstenure$

V - MT(V&*Ai7,n yr

)

C,666 - MT (V&*A.87, > yr

)

C,666 - MT (5"<88)C5,.6."8< - MT

C di

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Cara 'ang umum diIndonesia:

Harga mobil - .<6 juta3p .67

%unga .67 Tenor ; tahunnilai kredit - .<6 jt ' .< jt - .5 jt Total kredit - .5 jt / ;67 9 .5 jt

- 5.6" jticilannya - 5.6" jt B ; - 8"<8 jt

per bulan

embayaran . - .< jt / 8"<8 jt /

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+ummar'

*uture alue ' the alue, in thefuture, of a current inestment

2ule of 5 ' estimates ho long yourinestment ill take to double at agien rate of return

resent alue ' todayDs alue of aninestment receied in the future

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+ummar' (/ont?d!

Annuity ' a periodic series of eEualpayments for a speci4c length oftime

*uture alue of an annuity ' thealue, in the future, of a currentstream of inestments

resent alue of an annuity ' todayDsalue of a stream of inestmentsreceied in the future

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+ummar' (/ont?d!

AmortiIed loans ' loans paid in eEualperiodic installments for a speci4c

length of timeerpetuities ' annuities that continueforeer