Medical Terminology 2

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY-2

Oleh: Nur HayatiBagian Anatomi dan Histologi FK UMY

AKAR KATA (ROOT) YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN

DALAM MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

1. JARINGAN (TISSUE)

Medical term untuk jaringan kadang-kadang berbeda untuk keadaan normal

dan abnormal (penyakit). Untuk keadaan normal biasanya menggunakan Bahasa

Latin, sedangkan untuk keadaan abnormal sering menggunakan Bahasa Yunani.

Words rootLatin Yunani

Arti Contoh Medical Term

Testis Orch/o Testis OrchitisUterus Metr/o Uterus EndometritisVagina Colp/o Vagina Colpitis

VaginitisOvarium Oophor/o Ovarium Oophoritis

Nasus Rhin/o Hidung RhinitisOris Stomat/o Mulut StomatitisRen Nephr/o Ginjal NephritisCor Cardi/o Jantung Carditis

Pulmo Pneum/o Paru-paru Pneumonitis

PneumoniaCornea Kerat/o Kornea KeratitisAuris Ot/o Telinga Otitis

Cerebrum Encephal/o Otak (besar) EncephalitisAdipose

tissue

Lip/o Lemak Lipolysis

Lipogenesis

LipodystrophyOsseus/os Oste/o Tulang Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteoblast

OsteomyelitisNervus Neur/o Saraf Neurogenic bladder

Neuropathy

Neuritis

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Musculus My/o

Mys/o

Otot Myopathy

Myositis

MyoglobinCartilago Chondr/o Tulang rawan Chondrodysplasia

AchondroplasiaCutis

Cutane/o

Dermis

Dermat/o

Kulit Dermatitis

Leukoderma

Dermabrasi

DermatologyVasa

Vascul/o

Angi/o Pembuluh darah Angiopathy/ vasculopathy

Angiography

Angiogram

VasculitisHem/o

Em

Hemat/o

Darah Hematology

Hematopoiesis

Anemia

Cholesterolemia

Hemoglobin

2. WARNA

Words root Arti Contoh medical termsLeuk/o White Leukocyte

Leukocyturia

Leukocytosis

Leukemia

Leukoderma

Leukodystrophy

Leukoplakia

LeukorrheaMelan/o Hitam Melanocyte

Melanoblast

Melanoma

Melanuria

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Melasma

MelenaErythr/o Merah Erythroblast

Erythrocyte

Erythroclast

Erythematous

Erysipelas

Erythremia

ErythrodermaCyan/o Biru Cyanotic

Cyanosis

Cyanophil

Cyanopsia

CyanolabeChlor/o Hijau Chloroma

Chlorophyll

Chloropsia

ChlorolabeXanth/o Kuning Xanthochromic

Xanthochromia

Xanthelasma

Xanthoma

Xanthopsia

3. SISTEM TUBUH

a. SISTEM SIRKULASI

Words root Arti Contoh Medical Term

Cardi/o = heart Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis (inflammation of the lining, the muscle layer, the outer layer of the heart)

Brady/tachy = slow/fast Bradycardia (rate100)

Angi/o = vessel Angiography, angiogram (X-ray of artery)

Veno/phlebo = vein Venogram (X-ray of veins), phlebitis (inflammation of veins)

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-stasis = to stop Hemostasis (to stop bleeding), hemostat (a clamp-like instrument)

-cyte = cell Erythrocytes, leucocytes (red, white blood cells)

Hem/o, -emia = blood Hypoxemia (low oxygen), hematosalpinx (blood in the uterine tubes)

Penyakit sistem sirkulasi

Nama penyakit ArtiAtherosclerosis Myocardial infarctionMitral prolapse, stenosis, regurgitationAngina pectorisArrhythmia/dysrithmiaIschemia

Prosedur Medis Sistem Sirkulasi

Prosedur ArtiCardiologist Hematologist Electrocardiogram Echocardiography Cardiac scan Cardiac cathetherizationPhlebotomist/venipuncturist

b. SISTEM NERVOSUM


Cephal/o Head Cephalgia (a headache)

Encephal/o Inside the head (brain) Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

Anencephalic (born without a brain)

Mening/o Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes)

Myel/o Spinal cord Myelogram (X-ray of the spinal cord)

Neur/o Nerve Neuroma (tumor)

Neuritis (inflammation)

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Dys Difficult, painful, abnormal

Dyslexia (difficulty reading)

-cele Hernia, abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical position

Meningomyelocele (protrusion of membranes and spinal cord)

-pathy Disease, abnormality Encephalopathy (disease of the brain)

Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)

-plasia Development, formation, growth

Aplasia (no development)

Hyperplasia (over development)

-plegia Paralysis Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)

Quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)

Penyakit pada Sistem Nervosum

Nama Penyakit ArtiMultiple sclerosisCerebrovascular Accident (CVA)Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)Epilepsy Aphasia

Prosedur pada Sistem Nervosum

Nama Prosedur ArtiNeurologist Lumbar (spinal) punctureBrain scanElectroencephalography Computed TomographyMagnetic Resonance Imaging

c. SISTEM DIGESTI


Gastr/o Stomach Gastritis, Gastrectomy

Chol/e Gall, bile Cholecystitis, cholecystectomy (inflammation of, removal of gallbladder)

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Cyst/o Bladder, sac (see above)

Emes/o Vomit Emesis (vomiting), emetic (stimulating vomiting), antiemetic (stopping vomiting)

Lith/o Stone Cholelithotomy (removal of gall stones)

Lapar/o Abdominal wall Laparotomy (cutting into the abdomen)

-centesis To puncture Abdominocentesis (puncturing and draining)

-tripsy To crush Cholelithotripsy (smashing gall stones with sound waves)

-rrhea Flow, discharge Diarrhea

-iasis(-osis)

Abnormal condition

Cholelithiasis (presence of gall stones causing symptoms)

Penyakit pada Sistem Digesti

Nama Penyakit ArtiGastroesophageal Reflux Disesase (GERD)Jaundice Diverticulosis/diverticulitisCirrhosis Dysphagia Peritonitis

Prosedur pada Sistem Digesti

Nama Prosedur ArtiGastroenterologist Proctologist Liver scanGuaiac test (hemoccult, fecult)Endoscopy Ultrasonography

d. SISTEM RESPIRATORIUS


Rhin/o Nose Rhinitis, rhinorrhea (inflammation of and "runny" nose)

Laryng/o *Larynx, "voice box" Laryngotomy, Laryngectomy (cutting into, surgically removing

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the larynx)

Trache/o Trachea, "windpipe" Tracheotomy, tracheostomy (temporary and permanent openings)

Bronch/o Lung air passageways Bronchoscopy (looking into the bronchi)

Pne/u, -pnea Breath, air, lung Tachypnea, dyspnea, apnea (accelerated, difficult/painful, cessation of breathing)

Pulmo/o Lung Pulmonary artery

-ptysis Spitting (coughing) Hemoptysis (spitting or coughing up blood from lungs)

-plasty Reconstruction Rhinoplasty (surgical reconstruction of nose)

Penyakit pada Sistem Respiratorius

Nama Penyakit ArtiPneumoconiasis Epistaxis Cystic FibrosisEmphysemaAtelectasis

Prosedur pada Sistem Respiratorius

Nama Prosedur ArtiPulmonologist Respiratory terapistPulmonary angiographyLaryngoscopy Endotracheal intubation

e. SISTEM URINARIUS


Nephr/o, ren/o Kidney Nephritis, renal artery

Hydro/o Water Hydronephrosis (abnormal condition involving back up of urine into the kidney

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Cyst/o Bladder Cystitis, cystectomy (inflammation of , removal of bladder)

Pyel/o Renal collecting ducts Pyelogram (X-ray of the collecting ducts)

Ur/o, -uria Urine Polyuria, anuria (frequent urination, no urine formation)

Olig/o Scanty, less than normal Oliguria (reduced urine formation)

-pexy To surgically reattach, fix in normal position

Nephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)

Penyakit pada Sistem Urinarius

Nama Penyakit ArtiNephrosis NephrolithUrethritisNocturia Enuresis Glomerulonephritis

Prosedur pada Sistem Urinarius

Nama Prosedur ArtiNephrologist UrologistCystoscopy Intravenous pyelogramRetrograde pyelogramDialysis Lithotripsy

f. SISTEM REPRODUKSI LAKI-LAKI


Orchid/o, test/o *Testes (male gonad)

Orchiditis, orchidectomy, testicular artery, testosterone (male sex hormone)

Balan/o Head of the penis Balanitis

Andr/o Male Androgenic (stimulating maleness),

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androgynous (characteristics of male and female appearance)

Prostat/o Prostate Prostatitis, prostatectomy

Vas/o Vessel, duct Vas deferens, vasectomy (duct carrying semen from testes, cutting the duct)

-rrhaphy To suture Herniorrhaphy (surgical correction of inguinal hernia)

Penyakit dan Prosedur pada Sistem Reproduksi Laki-laki

Nama Penyakit.Prosedur ArtiHypospadia Hydrocele VaricoceleChryptorchidisme Benign Prostatic HypertrophyTransurethral Resection of the ProstateProstate Spesific Antigens

g. SISTEM REPRODUKSI PEREMPUAN


Hyster/o, metr/o

Uterus Hysterectomy, endometritis (inflammation of the lining of uterus)

Salping/o, -salpinx

Uterine tube Salpingitis, hematosalpinx (blood in the uterine tube)

Colp/o Vagina Colporrhaphy (suturing a tear), colpoplasty (surgical reconstruction), colposcopy (viewing the interior)

Oophor/o Ovary Oophorectomy, oophoropexy (surgery fixation, reattachment)

Men/o Menstruation Menarche (first), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)

Mamm/o, mast/o

Breast Mammogram, mastectomy

-pareunia, coitus

Intercourse Dyspareunia (painful intercourse), precoital, postcoital (before and after intercourse)

Penyakit pada Sistem Reproduksi Perempuan

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Nama Penyakit ArtiEndometriosis Pelvic Inflammatory DiseaseProlapsed uterus

Prosedur pada Sistem Reproduksi Perempuan

Nama Prosedur ArtiObstetricianGynecologistEpisiotomyHysterosalpingogramColposcopyMammographyPudendal block

h. SISTEM MUSCULOSKELETAL


Oste/o Bone Osteitis, osteoma, osteocyte

Chondr/o Cartilage Chondritis, chondroma, chondrocyte

Arthr/o Joint Arthritis, arthroplasty

Myel/o Bone marrow Myeloma

Ten/o, tendin/o

Tendon (binds muscle to bone)

Tendonitis, tenorrhaphy

Ligament/o Ligament (binds bone to bone)

Ligamentous injury

Burs/o Bursa, "bag", (shock absorber between tendons and bones)

Bursitis

My/o, myos/o

Muscle Myoma, myositis

-malacia Softening Osteomalacia, chondromalacia

-porosis Porous Osteoporosis

-asthenia Weakness, loss of strength

Myasthenia gravis

-trophy Development, Atrophy (shriveling of muscles),

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stimulation, maintenance hypertrophy (increase in size and strength of muscles)

-algia, algesia

Pain Myalgia, arthralgia, analgesia (take away pain

Penyakit pada Sistem Musculoskeletal

Nama Penyakit ArtiArthritisOsteoporosisOsteomalaciaCarpal tunnel syndromeTendonitis BursitisMuscular dystrophyMyasthenia gravis

Prosedur pada Sistem Musculoskeletal

Nama Prosedur ArtiOrthopaedistRheumatologistPhysical therapistArthroscopyBone scanElectromyography

4. PLURAL vs. SINGULAR

Bentuk plural (jamak) dalam medical term diperoleh dengan cara memodifikasi

suku kata terakhir.

Suku kata

terakhir

Singular Diubah menjadi Plural

is anastomosis

metastasis

epiphysis

prosthesis

es anastomoses

metastases

epiphyses

prostheses

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um bacterium

diverticulum

Ovum

a bacteria

diverticula

ovaus calculus

bronchus

bronchiolus

nucleus

i calculi

bronchi

bronchioli

nucleia vertebra

bursa

bulla

ae vertebrae

bursae

bullaeex/ix apex

varix

ices apices

varices

PREFIX DAN SUFFIX YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN

DALAM MEDICAL TERM

PREFIX

1. Prefix of location/positions

(dicopy dari http://ec.hku.hk/mt/prefixes.htm)

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2. Prefix of description (dicopy dari http://ec.hku.hk/mt/prefixes.htm)

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3. Prefix of colour

Abu-abu

glauc(o)

glaucoma

Merah

erythr(o)

erythrocyte

Hitam

melan(o)

melaninPutih

leuc(o), leuk(o)

leukomyelitis

Biru

cyan(o)

cyanopsia

Kuning

cirrh(o)

cirrhosis

Hijau

chlor(o)

chloroma

4. Prefix of number

Prefix Arti ContohA/an

Nulli

Tanpa

Kekurangan

Defisien

Nol, 0

Anemia

Aplastic anemia

Analgesia

NulliparaHemi

Semi

Setengah,

Sebagian

1/2

Hemiparesis

Hemiplegia

Hemihypertrophy

Semicomatose

Uni

Mono

Satu,

1

Monoclonal antibody

Monoparesis

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Mononuclear cells

UnicellularBi

di(plo)

Dua,

2

Bicuspid valve

Bisceps

Bifurcatio

DiplococcusTri Tiga,

3

Tricuspidalis,

Tri in dieTetra Empat,

4

Tetrapareses,

TetraplegiaPenta Lima,

5

Pentamer

Primi Pertama

1stPrimipara,

Primiparous

Primigravida

Primitive

Primordial germ cellsMulti Banyak, beberapa Multipara,

Multinuclear giant cells

5. Prefix of measurement (dicopy dari http://ec.hku.hk/mt/prefixes.htm)

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6. Prefix of negative sense

Prefix Arti ContohAnti (ant): Melawan terhadap,

berlawananAntibiotic

Antihistamine

AntitoxinDys Kesulitan, nyeri,

abnormalDysmenorrhea

Dyspepsia

Dystrophy

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(duchenne musculodystrophy)

7. Hypo dan hyper

Hypo: di bawah, kekurangan, di bawah normal

Contoh: Hypoglycemia, Hypothyroidism, Hypotensi, Hypodermic

Hyper: di atas normal, berlebihan, lebih dari

Contoh: hyperglycemia, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertensi

SUFFIX

Dalam medical terminology, suffix dapat memberi informasi mengenai arti suatu

kata/istilah. Berikut ini adalah daftar suffix yang memiliki arti/informasi:

1. Penyakit/perubahan dalam tubuh.

Suffix Arti Contoh

-algia Nyeri talalgiaankle

-cele Hernia gastrocelestomach

-dynia Nyeri, pembengkakan urodyniaurine

-ectasis Pelebaran, perluasan bronchiolectasisbronchus

-(a)emia Darah leuk(a)emiawhite

-gen Menghasilkan, memulai

carcinogencancer

-iasis Kondisi abnormal, pembentukan, adanya

cholelithiasisgall stone

-itis Inflamasi/peradangan hepatitisstomach

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-malacia Perlunakan osteomalaciabone

-megaly Pembesaran splenomegalyspleen

-oid Resemble fibroidfibres

-oma Tumor adenomagland

-osis Kondisi abnormal dermatosisskin

-pathy Penyakit nephropathykidney

-penia penurunan, kekurangan

erthyropeniared (cell)

-phagia makan, menelan dysphagiadifficult

-phasia Ucap, eja aphasiawithout

-plegia kelumpuhan,stroke

hemiplegiahalf

-phobia Ketakutan acrophobiaheights

-ptosis jatuh, fallingdropping

blepharoptosiseyelid

-rrhage burst forth haemorrhageblood

-rrhea discharge,flow of watery stools

diarrhea

-rrhexis Pecah enterorrhexisintestines

-sclerosis Pengerasan artheriosclerosisjoints

-spasm Kontraksi tidak sadar,twitching

bronchospasmbronchus

2. Suffix untuk diagnosis

Suffix Arti Contoh

-gram rekaman data encephalogrambrain

-graph Alat untuk merekam data

cardiographheart

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-graphy Tindakan merekam data

radiography

-meter Alat untuk mengukur craniometercranium

-metry Pengukuran sesuatu audiometryaudio (hearing)

-scope Alat untuk melihat laryngoscopelarynx

-scopy Pemeriksaan terhadap

laparoscopyabdomen

3. Bedah dan incisi

Suffix berikut ini mendeskripsikan berbagai jenis incisi/irisan bedah:

Suffix Arti Contoh-ectomy Membuang mastectomy

breast-centesis tap, tusukan thoracentesis

chest-stomy Mulut, membuat lubang colostomy

colon-tomy Incisi, memotong tracheotomy

trachea

Suffix berikut ini mendeskripsikan tindakan bedah: memperbaiki,

membentuk, rekonstruksi dan mengikat.

Suffix Arti Contoh-desis mengikat ,

stabilisasipleurodesis

pleural membrane (lining of the lung)

-rrhapy jahitan arteriorrhaphyartery

-pexy fiksasi,suspensi

gastropexystomach

-plasty pembentukan,(bedah plastik)

rhinoplastynose

-clasis memecah, refracture

osteoclasisbone

-lysis longgar, membebaskan

dari adhesi,

enterolysissmall intestine

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destruksi-tripsy Memecahkan cholelithotripsy

gallstone

4. Keterangan medis lainnya

a. Suffix yang membentuk kata sifat (adjectives)

Suffix Contoh-ac Cardiac

heart-al skeletal

skeleton-ary salivary

saliva-ic pelvic

pelvis-ical surgical

surgery-ous venous

vein-tic paralytic

paralysis-ar muscular

muscles

b. Suffix yang membentuk kata benda (Noun).

Suffix Arti Contoh-iac Menunjukkan orang yang

menderita suatu penyakit atau kondisi tertentu

hemophiliac

-ia Keadaan tidak sehat anesthesia-is Membentuk kata benda dari

akar katacutisskin

-ism Keadaan, state of being alcoholismalcohol

-ist Dokter specialis radiologistradiology

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-y kondisi, proses neuropathynervous system

disease

c. Suffix yang menunjukkan istilah lebih kecil dari suatu benda

(diminutive suffix).

Diminutive Suffix Contohculus.

icle

venter

vasa

vesica

part

ventriculus,

ventricle

vasculus

vesiculus,

vesicle

particleole,

olus,

ule

arteria

alveus

vein

Arteriole

Alveolus

veinule

ulus Calcis

globus

Calculus

Globulus, globule

Illa fibril fibrillaEllum cerebrum cerebellum

d. Suffix berikut ini menunjukkan kata benda singular atau plural.

Singular Plural Contoh

Singular

Contoh

Plurala ae patella patellaeax aces thorax throracesen ina lumen Lumina

ix,ex ices index Indicessis ses diagnosis diagnoseson A ganglion Gangliaum A ovum Ovaus I digitus Digitiy ies deformity deformities

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ma mata carcinoma carcinomata

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Medical Terminology 2

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