Makalah Kimia Organik 2 Protein

8/17/2019 Makalah Kimia Organik 2 Protein

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MAKALAH

KIMIA ORGANIK 2

“ASAM AMINO & PROTEIN : STRUKTUR DAN KEGUNAAN”

KELOMPOK 4

Dianira Geovana Maengkom (13 533 039)

ri!!ian Ra""# (13 533 015)

Dosen Pembimbing :

DR$%mma &$ 'ongo M$*i

+NI,%R*I-A* N%G%RI MANADO

.AK+L-A* MA-%MA-IKA DAN ILM+ '%NG%-AH+AN ALAM

&+R+*AN '%NDIDIKAN KIMIA

'%R+ARI 2015

KATA PENGANTAR


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DAFTAR ISI

KA-A '%NGAN-AR$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ DA.-AR I*I

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A 1 '%NDAH+L+AN

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$8$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

A 2 '%MAHA*AN$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ a$'ro"ein$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $Aam Amino

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$:

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ /$K!ai7ikai eraarkan Ran"ai *aming

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $-i"ik Io!i"rik an %!ek"ro7orei

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$;

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ e$Aam Amino %enia!

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$9

7$'e"ia


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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A L!"!# Be$!%!ng

Aa "iga ke!omok o!imer io!ogi ai"# o!iakaria ro"ein an aam n#k!ea"$ *eagai

a!a a"# ke!omok ioo!imer ro"ein mem#nai erma/am>ma/am 7#ngi$ *eagai en=im

an ormon ka"a!i ro"ein ang menga"#r e"ia reaki a!am "## ? eagai agian ari

aging ang meneiakan anak man7aa" aa e"ia gerakan? eagai k#!i" an

ram#"(en#"# agian !#ar)? eagai mo!ek#! emog!oin ang ereran a!am "ran7er em#a

okigen en"ing ke e!#r# agian "##? eagai an"ioi ang memerikan er!in#ngan

"eraa enaki" an kominaina engan #"ani !ain a!am "#!ang eagai "r#k"#r

enangga$

'ro"ein mem#nai anak #k#ran an en"#k$ akan aa #!a eeraa ro"ein ang

mem#nai era" mo!ek#! ang anga" era"$ Lioom a!a a"# en=im mer#akan ro"ein ang

re!a"ive er#k#ran ke/i! "ai mem#nai era" mo!ek#! 1800$ era" mo!ek#! ari anak

ro"ein memang anga" era" an ear$ en"#k "ami!an !#ar ari ro"ein mia!na !ioomang eren"#k #!a" an emog!oin ke o#!e e!ik ari @>kera"in ( ram#" an k#k# ) an

!emaran "ii 7iroin$ Dan karena ereaan ari egi #k#ran en"#k an 7#ngi #m#mna

ro"ein "e#"ama i!ia" ari "r#k"#r an emaaman roer"i$

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'ro"ein aa!a o!iamia an #ni" monomeri "eriri ari 20 ereaan @> aam amino

ian"arana ai"# eagai erik#"

*eangkan #n"#k "r#k"#r ro"in iaana iagi men6ai ema" "ingka" organiai$

*"r#k"#r rimer aa!a e#"an #n"#k #r#"an aam amino ka ari ran"ai o!ie"ia$ *"r#k"#r

ek#ner me!i#"i agian>agian ari ran"ai o!ie"ia ang i"ai!kan o!e #a"# o!a "era"#r

ari ika"an>ika"an irogenan"ara g#g# BO an g#g# NH ari "#!ang #ngg#ng mia!na @>

e!ik$ *"r#k"#r "erier er!ak# aa "r#k"#r "iga imeni ang i"ai!kan o!e gaa ieri

ika"an irogen an gaa an"armo!ek#! !ainna$ Dan "r#k"#r "erakir ai"# k#ar"ener aa!a

##nan kee!#r#an ran"ai o!ie"ia$

B T'!n

Aa#n "#6#an ari em#a"an maka!a ini aa!a

Menge"a#i enger"ian ro"ein aam amino an e"ia

Menge"a#i i7a">i7a" ro"ein k!ai7ikai an "r#k"#r ro"ein

Menge"a#i /ara mengana!ii g#g# #6#ng #n"#k enen"#an aam amino

( Rms!n M!s!$!)

Aa enger"ian ro"ein aam amino an e"ia C

Aa i7a">i7a" ro"ein k!ai7ikai an "r#k"#r ro"ein C

agaimana /ara mengana!ii g#g# #6#ng #n"#k enen"#an aam aminoC

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BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A$ 'ro"ein

*e#"an ro"ein er"ama>"ama iakai aa "a#n 1;3; eraa! ari ka"a 4#nani

ro"eio ang erar"i “er"ama$ Da!am kei#an ro"ein mem#nai 7#ngi ang anga"

en"ing$ *em#a en=im "#m#an an eEan aa!a ro"ein$ 'ro"ein erama>ama engan !ii

an "#!ang memen"#k kerangka "## eEan$ Ia 6#ga memen"#k o"o" an"ioi an eragai

ormon(.eenen)

%n=im ai"# ka"a!i reaki iokimia amir em#ana ro"ein$ 'ro"ein 6#ga meman"#

eragai 7#ngi !ain eer"i engangk#"an an enimanan =a"vi"a! gerakan "erkoorinai

enangga mekani an er!in#ngan "eraa enaki"$ -## man#ia ierkirakan

mengan#ng 100$000 6eni ro"ein maing>maing mem#nai 7#ngi 7iio!ogi eniri>

eniri( Bang Ramon 2008)

'aa akir "a#n 1;00 "e!a iien"i7ikai aEa #ni" ro"ein ang "erke/i! aa!a aam

@>amino$ *ekarang "e!a ike"a#i aEa aa 20 ma/am aam amino "eraa" a!am ro"ein

eagai ai! !ang#ng ari $ erik#" ini aa!a aam amino ang !a=im i"em#kan a!am ro"ein

1$ A!anin (A!a)2$ Arginin (Arg)

3$ Aaragin (An)

8$ Aam aar"a" (A)

5$ *i"ein (B)$ Aam g!#"ama" (G!#)

:$ G!#"amin (G!n)

;$ G!iin (G!)9$ Hi"iin (Hi)

10$ Io!e#in (I!e)

11$ Le#in (!e#)12$ Liin (L)

13$ Me"ionin (Me")

18$ .eni!a!anin ('e)

15$ 'ro!in ('ro)1$ *erin (*er)

1:$ -reoin (-r)

1;$ -ri"o7an ( -r )19$ -iroin ( -r )

20$ ,a!in (,a!)

Tabel 1.1 Asam Amino yang terdapat dalam Protein

Struktur

1. Asam amino netral

Nama Singka

tan

pK a1

α-

CO2H

pK a2 +

α-NH3

pK a3

Gug

us R

pI

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G or Gly 2.3 9.6 6.0

A or Ala 2.3 9.7 6.0

V or Val 2.3 9.6 6.0

L or Leu 2.4 9.6 6.0

I or Iie 2.4 9.7 6.1

Y or Tyr 2.2 9.1 10.1 5.7

V or

Phe

1

!

"1 #

#

W or

Thrp

2.

4

9.4 5.

9

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S or

Ser

2.

2

9.2 5.

7

P or

Pro

2.

0

10.

6

6.

3

or

!yp

1.

9

9.7 6.

3

" or

"y#

1.

7

10.

$

$.3 5.

0

"y#%

"y#

1.

6

2.

3

7.9

9.9

5.

1

& or

A#'

2.

0

$.$ 5.

4

( or

Gl'

2.

2

9.1 5.7

1. Asam amino asam

) or

A#p

2.

1

9.$ 3.9 3.0

2. Asam amino basa

* or

Ly#

2.

2

9.0 10.

5

9.$

$


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+ or

Ar,

2.

2

9.0 12.

5

10.

$

'aa "a#n 1902 %mi! .i/er an .ran= Ho7mei"er e/ara "eria menem#kan aEa

aam>aam @ amino a!am memen"#k ro"ein "erika" a"# ama !ain engan ika"an amia$

Ika"an amia ini ie#" Ika"an e"ia ien"#k o!e g#g# amino ari #a"# aam amino an

g#g# karoki! ari aam amino !ainna$

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Turunan Asam amino yang Terdapat dalam protein

N!m! Rms As!$ *#o"ein

Sis"in Kera"in (ram#" k#k#

#!# !!)

Hi+#o%si*#o$in Ko!agen e!a"in

Ti#o%sin -irog!o#!in

'e"ia aa!a #a"# enaEa ang ien"#k ari aam @ amino ang "erika" o!e #a"#

ika"an e"ia$ Aam>aam amino a!am #a"# e"ia ie#" eagai #ni" e"ia a"a# rei#

aam amino$ *#a"# e"ia ang ien"#k ari #a rei# aam amino ie#" e"ia aai!a

ari "iga aam amino ie#" "rie"ia an eagiana$ 'o!ie"ia aa!a #a"# e"ia engan

anak rei# aam amino$ 'ereaan an"ara oie"ia an ro"ein aa!a eraarkan

er6an6ian #m#mna o!ie"ia engan 50 rei# aam amino ie#" ro"ein$

$ Aam Amino

'ro"ein mem#nai maa mo!ar ang "inggi m#!ai ari eki"ar 5000 g amai 1 F 10: g

"e"ai eren komoii eraar maa ari #n#r>#n#r i a!am ro"ein "erna"a kon"an

karon 50 amai 55 eren? irogen : eren? okigen 23 eren? ni"rogen 1 eren? an

#!7#r 1 eren$

+ni" "r#k"#r aar ari ro"ein ia!a aam amino$ Aam amino ia!a enaEa ang

mengan#ng eiki"na a"# g#g# amino (>NH2) an eiki"na a"# g#g# karoki! (>BOOH)

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1$ Aam Amino eagai ion io!ar

Aam amino mem#nai e#a aam karoki!a" an g#g# amino a!am e#a

mo!ek#!$ Akia"na #a"# aam amino akan menga!ami reaki aam>aa a!am mo!ek#!na

#n"#k memen"#k #a"# ion io!ar ai"# #a"# ion ang mem#nai m#a"an oi"i7 an nega"i7$Ion io!ar ie#" 6#gaa =Ei""er ion (Ka"a &erman #n"#k =Ei""er iria )$

*#a"# ion io!ar mem#nai e#a m#a"an nega"i7 an m#a"an oi"i7 eingga m#a"an

!i"rikna ne"ra!$ Ion io!ar eri7a" am7o"er aa" ereaki engan aam an aa$

Reaksi Dengan Asam :

Reaksi Dengan Basa :

2$ Kimia R#ang (*"reokimia)

'aa "a#n1;51 Lo#i 'a"e#r menem#kan aEa aam>aam amino aa!a o"i ak"i7$

Kem#ian ike"a#i aEa o"i ak"i7 ini "er6ai karena karon @ ari "ia aam @ amino aa!a

#a"# kira! e!ain g!iin$ D#a ari 20 aam amino ai"# ioe!#in an "reonin mem#nai #a

karon kira!$

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Karon @ ari aam amino gene"i/ mem#nai kon7ig#rai ang ama eer"i L>g!iera!eia

#a"# enaEa ang kon7ig#raina aa!a (*)

)ua -ari 20 a#a ai'o yai/u i#oleu#i' -a' /reo'i' epu'yai -ua aro' iral.

*o',ura#i aro' -ari e-ua a#a ai'o i'i #aa -e',a' ya', -iupai -ala

a#a ai'o lai' -a' L%,li#eral-ehi-a. )ala i#oleu#i' iral aro' e-ua a-alah

S #e-a',a' -ala /reo'i' +.

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B$ K!ai7ikai ang eraarkan Ran"ai *aming

ASAM AMINO NETRAL , BASA, DAN ASAMAs!m Amnio Ne"#!$ :

• Non*o$!# : !$!nin, g$isin, iso$esin, me"ionin, -eni$!$!nin, *#o$in, "#i*"o-!n, +!n

.!$in

• Po$!# : !s*!#!gin, sis"ein, g$"!min, se#in, "#eonin, +!n "i#osin

As!m Amino B!s! : A#ginin, $isin +!n )is"i+in

As!m Amino As!m : As!m !s*!#"!" +!n !s!m g$"!m!"

1$ Asam Amino Netral $ -erma#k go!ongan ini aa!a aam>aam ang "iak

mem#nai g#g# karoki! ma##n g#g# 7#ngi aa a!am ran"ai amingna

!ima e!a ari 20 aam amino "erma#k go!ongan ini$ Aam amino ne"ra! ini iagi

a!am aam amino o!ar an nono!ar$*emi!an ari aam amino ini nono!ar$ %ma" ari emi!an aam amino ini (a!anin

va!in !e#in an io!e#in) mem#nai ran"ai /aang irokaron$ *e#a aam

amino (ro!in) anga" #nik ea g#g# @>aminona "erika" aa /in/in$ D#a ari

aam amino non o!ar (7eni!a!anin an "ri"o7an) mem#nai /in/in aroma"ik aa

/aangna$

Beberapa Asam Amino Netral dengan Rantai cabang Nonpolar :

Aam amino ne"ra! ang non o!ar #m#mna aa!a ang a!ing #kar !ar#" a!am air

ari 20 6eni aam amino ini$ 'aa H >: mereka eraa eagai ion io!ar ang

ne"ra!$

2. Asam amino Basa. -iga aam amino ang aa aa!a arginin i"iin an !iin$

Maing>maing ari aam amino ini mem#nai g#g# 7#ngi ang aa" ereaki

engan ro"on aa H >: an memen"#k enaEa ion ang erm#a"an oi"i7$

O!e karena i"# aa H >: #a"# aam amino mem#nai #a m#a"an oi"i7 an

a"# m#a"an nega"i7 a"a# akirna e#a m#a"an oi"i7$

Beberapa Asam amino basa dengan asam :

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. Asam amino Asam. D#a ari 20 aam amino igo!ongkan eagai aam karena

mem#nai g#g# karoki! aa ran"ai /aangna$ 'aa H >: ran"ai /aang

karoki! ini akan me!akan ro"onna ke air #n"#k memen"#k #a"# enaEa

engan #a m#a"an nega"i7 an e#a m#a"an oi"i7$ O!e karena i"# aa H >:

aam amino aam mem#nai m#a"an nega"i7$

Reaksi dari Asam Amino Asam dengan Air :

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D$ -i"ik Io!i"rik an %!ek"ro7orei

M#a"an akir ari #a"# aam amino eragam e#ai engan er#aan H !ar#"an$

H imana aam amino mem#nai m#a"an !i"rik ang ne"ra! ie#" "i"ik io!i"rik ari

aam amino "ere#"$ +n"#k a!anin "i"ik io!i"rikna aa H 0$ -i"ik io!i"rik #n"#k aam

amino ang aam "er!e"ak kira>kira aa H 3$ Dier!#kan !ar#"an ang !ei aam #n"#k aam

amino #n"#k aam amino go!ongan ini #n"#k menama ro"on g#g# karoki!a"$

Da!am #a"# /am#ran aa H "er"en"# eeraa aam amino aa" eren"#k anion

ka"ion a"a# ion io!arang ne"ra!$ Bam#ran aam amino aa" iiakan karena

ke/ener#nganna #n"#k ergerak ke ara e!ek"roe a!am !ar#"an ari eragai keaaman$

E$e%"#o-o#esis aa!a #a"# roe emiaan ion an ar"ike! ne"ra! eraarkan aa a"a#

"iakna gaa "arik ari ar"ike!>ar"ike! ini ke ara e!ek"roe aa H !ar#"an "er"en"#$ Aai!a

eaang e!ek"roe i"ema"kan a!am !ar#"an aam amino anion ari aam amino (m#a"an

nega"i7) akan ergerak ke ara ka"oe ang erm#a"an nega"i7 $ *eangkan ion io!ar aa "i"ik

io!i"rikna ne"ra! eingga "ak ergerak ke ara ka"oe a"a##n anoe$

%$ Aam Amino %enia!

eeraa aam amino "ak aa" iin"ei a!am "## ina"ang eingga ar# iin"ei

a!am makanan$ Aam amino ini ie#" aam amino eenia!$ Ke#"#an #n"#k aam amino

"er"en"# erea eraarkan eie #m#r an 6eni makanan$ Mia!na i"iin anga"

i#"#kan o!e anak ke/i! an em#a an6ing "e"ai "ak i#"#kan o!e orang eEaa$*eangkan i"ein aa!a /on"o ari aam amino ang ar# aa$ Ke#"#an ari i"ein

"ergan"#ng aa anakna 6#m!a me"ionin maka i"ein men6ai aam amino eenia!$ Akan

"e"ai aai!a 6#m!a me"ionin anak ke!eianna akan i#a men6ai i"ein$

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*a!a a"# aam amino eenia! ian"arana ai"# 7eni!a!anin$ Nam#n "ak em#a ma!#k

aa" menin"ei "iroin ari 7eni!a!anin$ *a"# ari 10$000 ma!#k mem#nai enaki" "#r#nan

ang ie#" 7eni!ke"on#rin a"a# 'K+ ( erar"i aa 7eni!ke"on a!am #rine )$ Orang> orang ini

"iak mem#nai en=im 7eni!a!anin iroki!ae ang ier!#kan #n"#k meng#a 7eni!a!anin

men6ai "iroin$ Man#ia aa" iinarkan ari enaki" ini engan menga"#r makanan$ O!e

ea i"# aa!a #a"# kear#an aEa inroma 'K+ iiagnoi eini m#ngkin e"e!a ai

!air$

.$ R%AK*I DARI A*AM AMINO

a$ %"eri7ikai an Ai!ai

Aam amino mengaakan reaki ang ka ari aam karoki!a" an amina$ *e!ain

reaki aam>aa ang "e!a ii/arakan g#g# karoki! ari aam amino aa"

ie"eri7ikai engan mereakikan engan a!koo! memakai aam eagai ka"a!ia"or$ G#g#

amino aa" iai!ai engan reagen ang ak"i7 eer"i a!ia aam a"a# aniria #a"#

aam$

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$ Reaki engan Ninirin

Reaki aam amino #n"#k memen"#k #a"# enaEa erEarna anga" en"ing

a!am ana!ii emiaan$ Aam amino eniri "iak erEarna an "iak aa" ie"eki

e/ara vi#a! aa kroma"ogra7i a"a# /ara ana!ii !ainna$Reaki Earna ang en"ing ari aam amino aa!a reakina engan inirin

karena in"eni"a Earna ang "eren"#k aa reaki ninirin ini eaning engan

konen"rai aam aminona eingga reaki ini aa" iakai #n"#k ana!ii k#an"i"a"i7$

/$ Okiai i"ein men6ai i"in

G#g# #!7iri (>*H) ari i"ein m#a iokiai men6ai g#g# i#!7ia (>**>)

#a"# reaki ang mengga#ngan #a ia i"ein memen"#k aam amino i"in$ Reaki aa"mengai!kan #a"# ika"an kova!en ang meng##ngkan #a ran"ai o!ie"ia ang er!ainan

memen"#k #a"# ro"ein$

'ro"ein ari ram#" @>kera"in mengan#ng 11>18 i"in$ Reaki kimia ari

enggeri"ingan ram#" aa!a eraarkan eme/aan an emen"#kan ika"an i#!7ia ari

i"ein$ Demikian 6#ga rini ker6a ari =a" engi!ang ram#" (ei!a"orie)$

G$ *IN-%*I* A*AM AMINO

1$ 'o"ai#m '"a!imie

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Me"oe ini imoi7ikai o!e Garie! ang meni"ei amina mengg#nakan o"ai#m

"a!imie an ie"!>romoma!ona"e #n"#k mem#a" e"er ma!ino/ imio$ erik#" ini aa!a

/on"o in"ei me"ione

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2$ *"re/ker *in"ei

3$ Reo!#i ari DL>Aam Amino

8$ *in"ei Aime"ri/ ari Aam Amino

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H$ '%'-IDA

1$ Ika"an 'e"ia

'e"ia aa!a ika"an amia ang ien"#k o!e g#g# @>amino ari #a"# aam aminoan g#g# karoki!a" ari aam amino !ainna$ eeraa aam amino ari e"ia ie#" aam

amino rei#$ 'e"ia ang mengan#ng 23 an eeraa (3>10) a"a# anak aam amino

ie#" ie"ia "rie"ia o!igoe"ia an o!ie"ia$

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O!e karena i7a" ika"an rangka an"ara karon amia an ni"rogen ika"anna !ei

enek ariaa ika"an #ngga! karon>ni"rogen "e"ai !ei an6ang ariaa ika"an rangka

karon>ni"rogen$

*i7a" ika"an rangka ari karon amia>ni"rogen menga!angi er#"aran ea

eke!i!ing ika"an ini$ Akia"na aa" "er6ai "ereoiomeriai /i an "ran $ o!e karena

"ereoiomer "ran mengan#ng !ei eiki" ama"an "erik ariaa iomer /i kon7ig#rai

"ran !ei "ai! an !ei anak "eraa" a!am e"ia an ro"ein$

2$ +r#"an aam amino a!am e"ia

D#a ie"ia ang er!ainan aa" ien"#k ari #a aam amino ang er!ainan #!a $

mia!na g!iin an a!anin aa" memen"#k #a ie"ia engan keenekan G!>A!a an

A!a>G!

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Dan e#ai keeaka"an konveni ia aam amino engan g#g# karoki! ang ea

i"#!i iea!a kanan ari r#m# an ie#" aam amino B>"ermina!$ *eangkan ia aam

amino engan g#g# @>amino ea ang i"#!i iee!a kiri ie#" aam amino N>"ermina!$

Keeaka"an ini er!ak# "ana me!ia" an6ang e"ia ang eren"#k meman6ang #kan #a"#

ik!ik$

*eangkan a!am emerian nama e"ia aam amino B>"ermina! iangga eagai

in#k$ Aam amino !ain "erma#k aam amino N>"ermina! mer#akan #"i"#i aa in#k

ieri nama engan akiran i!$ *#"i"#i aam amino i"#!i er"#r#">"#r#" engan #r#"an

er"ama aa!a aam amino N>"ermina!$

Se#>-r>A$!>G!>Le

Se#/$"ro!!$!n/$g!/!$e0ine

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3$ Io!ai an *i7a">*i7a" ari 'ro"ein

'ro"ein mem#nai "r#k"#r ang #nik (ka) an era" mo!ek#! ang ei7ik$ Meki#n

emikian ro"ein anga" #kar im#rnikan karena ro"ein "eraa" a!am en"#k kom!ek

erama !ii an karoira" 6#ga eagai /am#ran engan ro"ein !ainna$ .ak"or !ain ang

mem#a" ro"ein #kar im#rnikan karena en"#kna ang m#a eka!i r#ak o!e ana aam

aa an e!ar#" organik$ Aai!a en"#k a!amia #a"# ro"ein #a r#ak ika"akan aEa

ro"ein "erena"#rai$ 'ro"ein ang "erena"#rai mai mengan#ng #r#"an aam amino ang

a!i "e"ai #a kei!angan "r#k"#r "iga imenina ang #nik imana kera ka!i "er6ai

ak"ivi"a io!ogina$

*"r#k"#r In#!in *ai

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'aa "a#n 1980 engan aana erkemangan "eknik kroma"ogra7i maka ro"ein ang

a#!# "iak aa" iiakan ekarang aa" iio!ai an im#rnikan$ Dengan erai!na

ro"ein iiakan an im#rnikan maka ara a!i kimia aa" meme!a6ari /ara enen"#an

#r#"an aam amino ari ro"ein$

Laoran er"ama mengenai "r#k"#r ro"ein eraa! ari in#!in ai ang i"em#kan o!e

a!i kimia Inggri .reerik *anger kk aa "a#n 1955$ +n"#k enem#anna ini *anger

menerima aia Noe! aa "a#n 195;$ In#!in ai mengan#ng #a ran"ai e"ia a!a

a"# ian"arana mengan#ng 21 aam amino an !ainna 30 aam amino$ke#a ran"ai e"ia

ini "erika" erama>ama o!e #a ika"an i#!7ia(ika"an i#!7ia ke"iga ergan"#ng aa #a

i"ein i a!am ran"ai e"ia ang 21 aam amino$

8$ K!ai7ikai 'ro"ein

Men#r#" k!ai7ikai a!i ang imoi7ikai ro"ein aa" iagi men6ai "iga gog!ongan

ro"ein era" ro"ein #6#r "e!#r an ro"ein ga#ngan$

• Protein serat aa!a en"#k ro"ein ang "iak !ar#" ang i"em#kan a!am k#!i" ram#"

6aringan engika" an "#!ang$ 'ro"ein ini aa" !agi iagi men6ai kolagen ai"# ro"ein

okok ari 6aringan engika" "#!ang gigian "enon? an keratin ai"# ro"ein okok

ari k#!i" k#k# aa an ram#"$

• Protein bu!ur telur en"#kna #6#r "e!#r a"a# #!a" !on6ong$ +m#mna ("e"ai "iak

e!a!#) !ar#" a!am air$ 'ro"ein ini mengg#nakan k!ai7ikai ang !ei moern !ei

m#a ik!ai7ikai men#r#" 7#ngina (eer"i en=im a"a# ormon)$ Bara k!ai7ikai

!ama ro"ein #6#r "e!#r ini iagi men6ai eeraa #a agian ema" ian"arana

aa!a

• A!#min aa" ikai7ikaikan karena !ar#" a!am air an !ar#"an garam$ A!#min

ang ka "eraa" a!am ara (ro"ein er#m) an aa "e!#r (a!#min "e!#r)$

• G!o#!in "iak !ar#" a!am air "e"ai !ar#" a!am !ar#"an garam en/er$ >g!o#!in

#a"# g!o#!in ang ka aa!a /am#ran ro"ein ang aa" iio!ai ari er#m

ara an mengan#ng an"ioi$

• Hi"on an 'ro"amin aa!a ro"ein aa ang !ar#" a!am air $ Dianingkan

engan ro"ein ang !ain i"on an ro"amin mengai!kan konen"rai aam

amino aa ang ear$

'ro"ein Ga#ngan aa!a ro"ein ang erga#ng engan enaEa #kan ro"ein$

Mia!na ro"ein a!am aemog!#in erga#ng engan ei ang mengan#ng eme

#kan ro"ein$ agian nonro"ein a!am ro"ein ga#ngan eer"i eme a!am

aemog!#in ie#" g#g# ro"e"ik$ 'r"ein ga#ngan ang ka !ainna aa!a

n#k!eoro"ein (ro"ein ang erga#ng engan aam n#k!ea") m#koro"ein (ro"ein

ang erga#ng engan o!iakaria a!am m#k#) an !ioro"ein (ro"ein ang

erga#ng engan !ii eer"i ko!e"ero!)$

5$ -ingka"an *"r#k"#r 'ro"ein

'ro"ein a!am en"#k aa!na mem#nai "iga "ingka" kaang>kaang ema" "ingka"

"r#k"#r$ -ingka" er"ama ie#" "r#k"#r rimer ai"# ore a"a# #r#"an ari aam amino

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a!am ran"ai ro"ein$ *"r#k"#r ek#ner aa!a en"#k ari ran"ai ro"ein ang an6ang ang

i6aikan a"# ika"an o!e ika"an irogen an"ara ro"ein ari amia an g#g# karoni!

amia$

*"r#k"#r ek#ner keanakan ro"ein aa!a #a"# @>e!ik ai"# ira! "angan kanan

(rig">ane ira!) engan ran"ai ang er#"ar eara 6ar#m 6am aai!a i!ia" me!a!#i

#m# ke aEa (D>aam amino memen"#k e!ik angan kiri (!e7">ane ira!) a"a# ang

er#"ar er!aEan ara 6ar#m 6am)$ *#a"# @>e!ik mem#nai ia(rei#) 3$ aam amino

"ia #"aran #a"# arga ang iai!kan ari ika"an irogen an"ara #a g#g# amia ang

6arakna ean6ang 8 aam amino$

*"r#k"#r e!k ini meneakan mo!ek#! men6ai e!a"i an 7!ekie!$ Kera"in ro"ein

ang "eraa" aa ram#" k#!i" an k#k# aa!a /on"o ro"ein engan mo!ek#! ang

eren"#k @>e!i$ Ko!agen ro"ein #"ama ari 6aringan engika" 6#ga "eriri ari mo!ek#!

e!ik$ Akan "e"ai anena ko!agen aa!a e!ik "angan kiri (!e7">ane) #an "angan

kanan (rig">ane)$ Da!am ko!agen "iga "angan kiri e!ik a!ing mengika" an

mengai!akan "angan kanan e!ik ai"# “#ere!ik ang ie#" "rooko!agen$ *a!ing

mengika" ari ke"iga e!ik enagn /ara ini memeri kek#a"an "amaan aa 6aringan$

*"r#k"#r ek#ner !ain aa!a J>!ea"e ee" (!emar ang er!ia" J)$ I"i!a iami!

karena en"#kna ang mener#ai !ea"e ee" a"a# gen"eng !ogam ang erker#"$ 'ro"ein

a!am !ea"e ee" er"aan o!e aana ika"an irogen an"ara ran"ai ang er"#$ *era"

#"era aa!a /on"o ro"ein engan "r#k"#r !ea"e ee"$

*"r#k"#r "erier mia!na aa ro"ein #6#r "e!#r$ en"#k e!ik a"a# "r#k"#r !ea"e

ee" ering "ergangg# eingga ran"aina akan me!ia" kema!i eer"i em#!a$ en"#k me!ia"

ari #6#r "e!#r ini!a ang ie#" "r#k"#r "erier$

*"r#k"#r k#ar"ener ari ro"ein aa!a engga#ngan #a a"a# !ei ma/am>ma/am ran"ai

ari ro"ein ran"ai anak$ Mia!na emog!oin mengan#ng ema" mo!ek#! ro"ein er!ia"

ang "eria$

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I$ %n=im

%n=im aa!a ka"a!ia"or io!ogi$ %n=im aa!a #a"# ro"ein ang ak"ivi"ana

"ergan"#ng ari ke"aanan "r#k"#r ek#ner "erier an k#ar"ener$ %n=im mer#akan ro"ein

#6#r "e!#r ang er!ia" engan ia aam amino o!ari erm#kaan !#arna ang

mema"ikan aa" !ar#" a!am /airan "##$ %n=im ering mengan#ng #a"# g#g# ro"e"ik

ia!am !#ang eer"i kan"#ng a!am "r#k"#rna$ +k#ran an en"#k ari kan"#ng

mem#akan engena!an ari iomo!ek#! ang ei7ik$

Ringkasan dari berbagai tingkat Struktur Protein

-ingka" *"r#k"#r +raian'rimer +r#"an a"a# ore ari ia aam amino a!am ran"ai ro"ein

*ek#ner en"#k ari ran"ai ro"ein "#!ang e!akang-erier Me!ia"na ran"ai ro"ein kema!i eer"i en"#kna

K#ar"ener Me!ia"na #a a"a# !ei ran"ai ro"ein

&$ 'enen"#an *"r#k"#r 'rimer ari 'ro"ein

Aai!a e"ia ang iio!ai i"# omogen an "iak ik!ik maka /ara #m#m erk#" ini

aa" iakai #n"#k menen"#kan #r#"an aam amino "ere#"

'emiaan ari ika"an i#!7ia (aai!a aa) engan g#g# *H an men#"# em#a

g#g# ini$ Ana!ii g#g# #6#ng

Hiro!ii aria! ari e"ia i!an6#"kan engan ien"i7ikai ari agian>agianna

an akirna$

Menen"#kan #r#"anna

1$ Mengama" (!o/king) g#g# #!7#r ari i"ein an i"in Langka er"ama a!am meng#r#" aam amno aa!a mengama" g#g#

i#!7ia an g#g# *H$ Aai!a g#g# ini "iak iama" maka g#g# ini akan

menggangg# #r#"an ari reaki e!an6#"na$

'engama"an aa" i!ak#kan engan #a /ara$ Bara er"ama aa!a engan

/ara mengokiai g#g# i#!7ia engan g#g# *H men6ai g#g# aam

#!7ona"$ Bara ang !ain aa!a mere#ki g#g# i#!7ia men6ai g#g# *H !a!#

mereakikan engan reagen inoae"a" aa ang ereaki engan g#g# *H$

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K$ Ana!ii G#g# +6#ng

Ana!ii g#g# #6#ng iakai #n"#k mengien"i7ikai #r#"an aam amino aa N>"ermina!

an B>"ermina! ari ran"ai e"ia$

Aam amino N>"ermina!$ Aa erma/am>ma/am reagen ang aa" ig#nakan

#n"#k mengien"i7ikai aam amino N>"ermina! $*a!a a"#na aa!a 7eni!

io"ioiana" ang inamakan reagen %man$ *ia e"ia ang iaa" ari

iro!ii 7eni!ian"ion aa" ia#r #!ang me!a!#i #r#"an reaki #n"#k

mengien"i7ikai aam amino N>"ermina! ang ar# "eren"#k$ Aam amino ini

aa!a a"# ee!#m "erakir ari aam amino a!am ran"ai e"ia aa!$ Me"oe

7eni!io"ioiana" "e!a i6aikan a"# ke a!am #a"# a!a" ana!ii ang ie#"

a#"oma"e amino a/i e#ena"or$

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Aam amino B>"ermina!$ Bon"ona aa!a mengg#nakan karokie"iae#a"# en=im ang ereran #"ama eagai ka"a!ia"or iro!ii aam amino B>

"ermina! ari ran"ai e"ia$

L$ Hiro!ii *eagian an 'enen"#an akir #r#"an

*e#a g#g# akir iien"i7ikai "#6#an e!an6#"na aa!a menen"#kan kee!#r#an

aam amino a!am ran"ai$ Ha! ini aa" i!ak#kan engan iro!ii eagian ari e"ia

i!an6#"kan engan men/o/okkan e/aanna #n"#k menen"#kan #r#"an ang !engka$

Hiro!ii eagian aa" i!ak#kan engan iro!ii a!am keaaan aam ang eang

(mi! aam) a"a# o!e en=im$ -eknik iro!ii eraam #m#mna "iak mem#aka karena

eme/aan ari ika"an amia anga" a/ak an #a"# /am#ran ang kom!ek ari aam aminoan e"ia ang ke/i! akan "im#!$ Mia!na #a"# "e"rae"ia akan mengai!kan 8 aam

amino "iga ie"ia an #a ie"ia$ Aai!a #a"# e"ia ear iiro!ii a!am keaaan

aam akan "eren"#k anak eka!i komonen a!am /am#ran eingga emiaan ang "iak

m#ngkin$

Bara ang !ei aik aa!a engan meme!a>e!a e"ia engan an"#an en=im ang

er"inak aa ika"an ami "er"en"#$ Mia!na "ri"in aa!a #a"# en=im ro"eo!i"ik (en=im ang

mengka"a!ii iro!ii ari ro"ein) iaana iakai aa enen"#an "r#k"#r$-ri"in

mengka"a!ii iro!ii ika"an amia i agian karoki! ari !iin a"a# arginin$

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Nam#n ekarang ini "e!a "ereia erma/am>ma/am en=im ro"eo!i"ik$ Mengg#nakan #a a"a#

!ei ari en=im>en=im ini e/aan engan go!ongan ang "#mang "ini ari aam amino ia

iaa$ *e#a e/aan ini i#r#" (mia!na engan /ara %man) o"ongan ang "#mang

"ini "ere#" ianingkan akirna #r#"an aam amino ang !engka ari ro"ein aa"

ierkirakan$ +n"#k menggamarkan engg#naan ang !ogi ari !angka akir ini mia!na

aEa iro!ii ari en"ae"ia mengai!kan "rie"ia erik#" ini

G!>G!#>'e G!#>'e>G! 'e>G!>Arg

Dengan menga"#r "rie"ia eingga "er6ai "#mang "ini an"ara aam amino ang iaa ki"a

aa" menen"#kan #r#"an ari aam amino aa en"ae"ia$

G!# 'e an G! "#mang "ini

G!> G$1 P)e

G$ 1 P)e 2 G$/

P)e 2 G$/ 2 A#g

+r#"an aam amino ari en"ae"ia G!>G!#>'e>G!>Arg

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Rangkaian ia aam amino ia!am o!ie"ia a"a# ro"ein ie#" "r#k"#r rimer$

'e"ia eerana ang mengan#ng 3 aam amino ("rie"ia) mem#nai rangkaian

aam amino erea? "e"rae"ia mem#nai !ei ari 28 rangkaian erea$ +n"#k

komonen aam amino engan 20 aam amino erea aa a"# ran"ai ari 100 rei# aa

2100 1$2: 10130 ang m#ngkin ari rangkaian ang erea$ anak eragai aam amino

en"ing aa" i#"#kan men6ai ran"ai aam amino erea$ *aangna aa eeraa variai

me"oe ang "iak ia ig#nakan #n"#k mem#"#kan aam amino erea aa

o!ie"iame!ainkan i!ak#kan engan ana!ii rei# "ermina! ang mer#akan "eknik #n"#k

mengien"i7ikai N an B aam amino "ermina!$

Deg#!+!"ion E+m!n

'roe#r ang a!ing ering ig#nakan #n"#k mengien"i7ikai aam amino N>

"ermina! aa e"ia aa!a -#r#nan %man (%man Degraa"ionikemangkan o!e 'er

%man ari +niveri"a L#n *Eeia)$ -#r#nan %man aa" ig#nakan eagai me"oe #n"#k

eragai e"ia erea ingga an6ang rei# 0$ Bon"ona N>"ermina! aam amino an

7eni! io"ioiana" ang ireakikan memen"#k "#r#nan 7eni!"io/arami!$ Karena

ke"iak"ai!an ani!ino"ioa=o!inone(A-) akan mengakia"kan ke"iak"era"#ran ari "#r#nan

7eni!"ioian"ion ('-H) aa aam amino$ 'aa roe ang o"oma"i "#r#nan '-H 6#gaaa" i!ia" me!a!#i kroma"ogra7i /air "ingka" "inggi (KBK-H'LB)$

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Ana!ii N>"ermina! *anger

Me"oe !ain ang aa" ig#nakan #n"#k eeraa ana!ii aa!a ana!ii *anger N

"ermina! ang mengg#nakan 28>ini"ro7!#roen=en (DN.)$ Ke"ika o!ie"ia i"ama

engan DN. eiki" an ii!ak#kan reaki #"i"#i n#k!eo7i! aroma"ik (* NAr) akan

menerang aam amino ea ari ia N>"ermina!$ erik#"na iro!ii ari o!ie"ia akan

memerikan /am#ran an"ara aam amino N>"ermina! engan g#g# 28>ini"ro7eni!$

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BAB III

PENUTUP

A KESIMPULAN

'ro"ein aa!a #a"# o!iamia ari aam @>amino$ Ika"an amia a!am ro"ein ie#"

ika"an e"ia$ 'e"ia (ro"ein) ke/i! aa" igo!ongan eagai ie"ia "rie"ia amai

o!ie"ia$ Aam amino mer#akan ion io!ar ang eri7a" am7o"er$A!7a karon ari aam

amino ang "eraa"a!am ro"ein mem#nai kon7ig#rai ang ama engan L>g!iera!ei$

Aam amino aa ang ne"ra! (o!ar a"a# nono!ar) eri7a" aa a"a# eri7a" aam "ergan"#ngari g#g# 7#ngi aa ran"ai /aang$ -i"ik io!i"rik ari aam amino aa!a H aa aa" ion

io!arna "iak erm#a"an eingga "iak akan ergerak ke e!ek"roe$

Aam amino eenia! aa!a aam amino ang "iak aa" iin"ei o!e organime

eingga ar# ierikan me!a!#i makanan$ 'ro"ein aa" iagi a!am eeraa go!ongan era"

#6#r "e!#r(mia!na a!#min g!o#!in i"on an ro"amin) an ga#ngan$ 'ro"ein 6#ga aa"

iagi a"a# igo!ongkan eraarkan 7#ngina eer"i en=im an ormon$ *"r#k"#r ro"ein 6#ga

iagi men6ai 8 ai"# "r#k"#r rimer ek#ner "erier an k#ar"ener$ *"r#k"#r rimer ari #a"#

ro"ein aa!a #r#"an ari aam aminona$ *"r#k"#r ek#ner aa!a agaimana "#!ang #ngg#ng

(a/k one) menga"#r irina eniri (@>e!ik J>!ea"e ee")$ *eangkan "r#k"#r "erier

aa!a ai! !ia"an ari #a"# e!ik a"a# "r#k"#r !ain #n"#k memen"#k "r#k"#r ro"ein i"#

eniri$

B SARAN

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

.eenen

*a!omon$ %ii 9

Makalah Kimia Organik 2 Protein

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