K1. Konsep Tentang Sel

8/17/2019 K1. Konsep Tentang Sel

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THE CONCEPT OF CELLTHE CONCEPT OF CELL

Kiagus M Arsyad

Dept of Medical Biology and

Andrology Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya

University


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What cell is it ?What cell is it ?

Cell is a basic structural and functionalof all living organism


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COMPETENCY :COMPETENCY :

Student be able toimplemented the basic principles of the

biomedical sciences in practice as family doctor


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COMPETENCY AREACOMPETENCY AREA

:: !o synthesi"e medical and

health problems based onBiomedical sciences approach#

!o propose the intervention

plan based on scienti$capproach


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES :LEARNING OBJECTIVES :1. To synthesize the cells as the smallest

organisme as etiological factor of diseases inHuman (C5).

2. To synthesize the cell as the smallest unit of thebody and its relationship to whole body systemsin human (C5)

. To synthesize the endogenic and e!ogenicfactors in"uences on the cell and its impact tohealth and ill in human (C5)#


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LEARNING CONTENTSLEARNING CONTENTS ::

% !&' (')) AS A SMA))'S!

*+,A-.SM#/ !&' (')) AS A SMA))'S! U-.!

*F !&' ).0.-, *+,A-.SM#

11

!&' A.M *F &'A)!&2 ('))!&' A.M *F &'A)!&2 ('))

(*-('3! (*-('3!


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1. The type of single cell organism,

2. The role of single cell on health and ill


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1.1. THE TYPE OF SINGLE CELL1.1. THE TYPE OF SINGLE CELL

ORGANISMEORGANISME

Kingdom 3ro4aryote

Bacteria 5

a) $ram negati%e &acteria

b) $ram 'ositi%e &acteria

Bacteria distinguished by their shape 5

a)

Coccusb) &acillus

c) prillium


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1.2. THE ROLE OF SINGLE CELL ON1.2. THE ROLE OF SINGLE CELL ON

HEALHT AND ILLHEALHT AND ILL . The bene*ts of bacteria to human +

1. The brea,down of plant and animalremains and the recycling of -itrogen#carbon and phosphorus

2. ymbiotic relationship with otherorganism# supply %it and & for human#

. /anufacturing process#

0. asily cultured and used for researchsuch as in genetic engineering#antibiotic#a.a# enzymes# 'C


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1.2. THE ROLE OF SINGLE CELL1.2. THE ROLE OF SINGLE CELL

ON HEALHT AND ILLON HEALHT AND ILL% Almost bacteria are pathogen#/ &eterotrophy#

1 Saprobiont# 6 Fort de entry to human bodya) ir

b) 3ater

c) 4oodd) 3ound

e) uipment

f) nimals


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1. The structure and function of cell,

2. The role of cell on health and ill


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RUDOLF VIRCHOWRUDOLF VIRCHOW

(1855)(1855)

7 8here a cell e9ists# there musthave been a pree9isting cell# justas the animal arise only from ananimal and the plant only from a

plant 7


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C E L L

T I S S U E

O R G A N

S Y S T E M


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2.1.1. THE STRUCTURES OF C E THE STRUCTURES OF C EL LL L

!here are 1 structures of cell 5

1. Chemical tructure+

a. inorganic (water# mineral)#b. organic (protein# lipid#

carbohydrate).

2. 'hysical tructure (colloidal cellular#

membrane permeability and osmosis)

. &iological tructure (cell wall# plasmamembrane# cytoplasm# nucleus#nuclear membrane)


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Organelles of E!ar"o#$% Cells of A T"&$%al An$'al

Cell Organelles(

)1* n%leols )2* n%les )+* r$,oso'e )-* es$%le )/* rog0 eno&las'$% re#$%l' )* Golg$ a&&ara#s )3* %"#os!ele#on )4* s'oo#0

eno&las'$% re#$%l' )5* '$#o%0onr$a )16* a%ole )11* %"#osol )12* l"soso'e )1+* %en#r$ole


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T!"# 2. C$%&'$* $+ ,'-,-'# !#,/##* *%" *0&"*, #""

Typical animal cell Typical plant cell

Organelles Nucleus

Nucleolus !"#$"% %ucleus&'ou($ e%)o*l+s,"c e#"culu, E'&S,oo#$ E''".oso,es/#osele#o%Gol(" +**++#us/#o*l+s,

M"#oc$o%)"+es"clesLsoso,es/e%#oso,e

/e%#"oles

Nucleus

Nucleolus !"#$"% %ucleus&'ou($ E'S,oo#$ E''".oso,es /#osele#o% Gol(" +**++#us )"c#"oso,es&/#o*l+s,

M"#oc$o%)"+ es"cles /$loo*l+s# +%) o#$e *l+s#")s

/e%#+l +cuole l+(e&To%o*l+s# ce%#+l +cuole

,e,.+%e&Peo"so,e

+cuoles Gloso,e

Additionalstructures

/"l"u, l+(ellu, Pl+s,+ ,e,.+%e

Pl+s,+ ,e,.+%e /ell !+ll Pl+s,o)es,+#+

l+(ellu, o%l "% (+,e#es&

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeletonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_apparatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictiosomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonoplasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodesmatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodesmatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonoplasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictiosomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_apparatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeletonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus


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PLASMA MEMBRANE


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2.1.2. THE FUNCTION OF CELL2.1.2. THE FUNCTION OF CELL

1. 'roduce +enzymes# hormones# new cells#

2. /etabolism#. 'roduce energy 0. Transport 5. 6nformation

7. 8efense9. Cell therapy


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. 'roduce energy


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. 'roduce energy


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2.2. THE ROLE OF CELL ON HEALTH AND

ILL

1. Cell recycle related to cell life and death +

2. :ife span + permanent cell# stable cell# labile cell#

. Cell death + necrosis# apoptosis#

0. ging 'rocess5. bnormal growth+ Hyperplasia# 8ysplasia#

-eoplasm# naplasia# &enign Tumor# /alignantcancer#

7. $rowth and ;epair#

9. Cell di%ision distribute a set identical

chromosomes to daughter cell# 8-# Hereditaryfactor# $ene#

8. Most of the diseases are due to malfunction of cells,to cell death or to cells wrong multiplication rate.


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$rowth and ;e pair# aging and abnormal cell related to ce


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(ell therapy


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The Causes of 8iseases related tocell defense# /etabolism#

malfunction# others

1. 6nfectious diseases#

2. Congenital diseases#

. 8egenerati%e diseases#

0. /ental illness#

5. Human 6n"icted diseases#

7. 8e*ciency diseases#


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+. THE AIM OF HEALTHY CELL+. THE AIM OF HEALTHY CELL

CONCEPTCONCEPT

% (ell food#

/ (ell '9ercise1 (ell environment

6 (ell 3rotection

: &ealthy mental attitude


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.1. CELL FOOD

!he nuorishment our cells

need can be found in pure#whole# natural# fresh foods# aswell as in high;


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The Organogram of Nutrigenomics

Nutrigenetics :

How genetic variation influencesresponsiveness to nutrient intake

Nutrigenomics :

How nutrients influence geneexpression

Transcriptomics : RNA

Proteomics : ProteinsMetabolomics : MetabolitesSystemsSystems iolog!iolog!

Nutritional phenot!pingNutritional phenot!ping


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SYSTEMICSYSTEMIC

DISEASESDISEASES

SYMPTOMPSSYMPTOMPS

APPEARAPPEAR

BAD LIFE STYLEBAD LIFE STYLE

LONGTERMLONGTERM

MICRONUTRIENTMICRONUTRIENT

DEFICIENCYDEFICIENCY

PRE-ILLPRE-ILL

CONDITIONCONDITION

TREATMENTTREATMENT

JUST FORJUST FOR

THE SYMPTOMTHE SYMPTOM

NOT THE CAUSENOT THE CAUSE

CHRONIC PROCESSCHRONIC PROCESSENVIRONTMENTENVIRONTMENT


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.2. CELLEERCISE *ur cells depend on e9ercise

to remain healthy

'9ercise provide srength#endurance# =e9ibility# andmental allertness# and is ane9cellent stress;reliever#

'9ercise thus promotesoverall good health


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3.. CELL ENVIRONMENT

% *ur environment is important#

/ !he water we drin4 and use

and the air we breathe a>ecteach cell in our bodies#

1 8e need a clean environmentto live well


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Cellular Tissue

Anatomical

Organ

Environment Life-Style

Healthy Life,

Exogenic Factors

Endogenic Factors

The factors influencing healthy life

(modified from Boedhi-Darmojo,1994 )


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Casal 'oel of r$s! fa%#ors forC7D

Mo.")"# +%) Mo#+l"#(Stroke, MI)

B"olo("c+l '"s +c#os

(Hypertension, Blood ipids, Homocysteine)

Ge%e#"c '"s +c#os+,"l "s#o)

Be$+"o+l '"s +c#os/"(+e##e "e# Eec"se&

E%"o%,e%#+l +c#osSoc"oeco%o,"c S#+#us o E%"o%,e%#&


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3.3. CELL PROTECTION

% !he best defense againstdisease is our immune ? system#

/

.t can do all that we as4 if wenourish it properly#

1 get enough rest#

6 And learn how to manage stress


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3.5. HEALTHY MENTAL

ATTITUDE

.t has been scienti$cally proven

that a positive attitude ma4esyou feel better and even helpsyou $ght disease#

)aughter is still best medicine

and happiness gives us e9trastrenght


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T4# %* B$$

'#+#'#*# :1. S"l$a S. Maer8 Human &iology =th

dition# M% Gra9 H$ll H$g0er E%a#$on8:os#on8 266-

2. Uners#an$ng :$olog" for Aan%eLeel Gleen an Ssan Toole8S#anle" T0orne" P,. L#8C0el#en0a'8U; 15558 Hal. 21+

K1. Konsep Tentang Sel

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