15.Tata Laksana Co-6
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Transcript of 15.Tata Laksana Co-6
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PENDAHULUAN
Kasus cidera otak cenderung meningkat :
1. Kecelakaan Lalu lintas2. Kecelakaan kerja3. Kecelakaan olah raga
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Anatomi
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Permasalahan
Massa yang berkembang
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PENYEBAB CIDERA
Kontak Langsung : 1.Efek Lokal2.Efek Remote
Karena Pergerakan 1. Translasi 2. Rotasi 3. Angulasi
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Klasifikasi
1. Mekanisme Cidera Tumpul Tajam / tembus
2. Derajat Cidera Ringan Sedang Berat
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Skull Fracture
• Linier• Stelate• Depres / non depres• Fraktur basis cranii
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TATA LAKSANA
1. Derajat ringan (GCS : 13-15)2. Derajat sedang (GCS : 9-12)3. Derajat berat (GCS : 3-8)
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GLASGOW COMA SCALE
E : Respon Buka Mata
4 : membuka mata spontan3 : membuka mata dengan panggilan2 : membuka mata dengan rangsangan nyeri1 : dengan rangsangan nyeri tidak ada respon
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M : Respon Motorik6 : mengerjakan perintah pemeriksa5 : melokalisir rangsangan nyeri4 : menghindar dari rangsangan nyeri3 : dengan rangsangan nyeri akan fleksi abnormal2 : dengan rangsangan nyeri akan ekstensi1 : tidak ada respon dengan rangsangan nyeri
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V : Respon Verbal
5 : komunikasi normal4 : disorientasi3 : dengan rangsangan nyeri keluar kata2 : dengan rangsangan nyeri hanya
keluar suara1 : dengan rangsangan nyeri tidak ada
suara
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AIRWAY
Cidera Otak + Tidak SadarPenderita Airway
Penderita Gelisah Hebat
Bebaskan Jalan Nafas• Posisi kepala• ET
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BREATHING
Cidera Otak Derajat Berat
35% mengalami hipoksia
(PaO2 < 65 mmHg)
Kontrol Pernafasan
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SIRKULASI
• Cidera Otak < 15% Hipotensi
• Hipotensi + Cidera Otak
Cari KAUSA Secepatnya
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LESI INTRAKRANIAL
A. Cidera Fokal :1. Perdarahan epidural2. Kontusio korteks serebri3. Kontra koup kontosio4. Perdarahan intra serebral5. Perdarahan karena robekan jaringan 6. Perdarahan subdural
B. Cidera Otak Difusa1. Komotio serebri2. Cidera akson difusa
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PATHOFISIOLOGI CIDERA OTAK
A. Metabolisme Otak & Homeostatis Ion tergangguB. Produksi ATP berkurang (metabolisme anaerob)C. Hipoksia dan Ischemia ASIDOSISD. Radikal Bebas membran sel saraf rusakE. Pengeluaran Transmiter sel saraf matiF. Serebral Blood Flow tergangguG. Edema Serebri : vasogenik & sitotoksikH. TIK (tekanan intra kranial) meningkat
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DOKTRIN MONROE - KELIE
VOL. OTAK
T
I
KTITIK KRITIS
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RADIOLOGI • Foto kepala• CT Scan• Angio graphy & MRI• Ventri kulografi
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EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
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EDH dan LASERASI
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SUB DURAL HEMATOMA
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LASERASI SEREBRI
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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PANAH
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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KORPUS ALIENUM
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INTRA SEREBRAL E/C PANAH
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INTRA SEREBRAL E/C PANAH
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PANAH
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KORPUS ALIENUM PELURU SENAPAN ANGIN
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OPEN FRAKTUR IMPRESI dan ICH
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KESIMPULAN
• CIDERA OTAK mengakibatkan :a. kematianb. kecacatanc. kerugian
• Kasus TERBANYAK cidera kepala adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas
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