Post on 08-Jan-2023
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -2-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Occurs over, or are influenced by, ocean areas
Sustain provision of observational data Air and wave forecasts
Practical needs of surface and air navigation over the oceans
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -3-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Deals primarily with the physics of the marine atmosphere Atmospheric phenomena above the oceans
The influence on shallow and deep water
The influence of the ocean surface on atmospheric processes
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -4-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Focusing on safety of life and property at sea Special warnings of hazardous situations for
coastal waters
• Local fishing fleets tragically lost in heavy seas within a few hours sailing time of the safety of a harbour
• Sailors drowned in some distant ocean
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -5-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Objectives: Uniform system for collecting weather
observations at sea
Using and exchanging of the data for the benefit of shipping in return
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -6-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Objectives: Gain knowledge of the climatology of the oceans
Better define trade shipping routes
Minimize hazards and costs
Increase the efficiency of maritime navigation
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -7-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Safety of life and property at sea threatens Heavy weather
High seas
Tropical storms
Fog
Ice accretion
Sea ice
Icebergs
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -8-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Observation requirement to support meteorological analysis and forecasting A depth of roughly 1 km (0.6 mi) in the ocean
A height of 30 km (18 mi) in the atmosphere
Plentiful enough in space and time
• Keep track of the major features of interest
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -9-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Meteorological observations are scarce and expensive to make over oceans
Direct observations in the ocean, especially below the sea surface are insufficient to make a synoptic analysis
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -10-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Complementary remotely sensed data from satellites:
• Type and height of clouds
• Temperature and humidity structure in atmosphere
• Wind velocity at cloud level and sea surface
• Ocean surface temperature
• Height of the sea
• Location of sea ice
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -11-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Meteorological satellites Satellite-borne sensors cannot penetrate below
the sea surface
Height of the sea can be used to infer useful information about the density structure of the ocean interior
MRI 2302 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE
[4] METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE STUDY -12-
GENERAL MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Motion of the atmosphere and the ocean expressed in mathematical equations Put on a computer in the form of a numerical
model
Used to help analyze the present state of the fluid system
Forecast its future state