Ekologi,Pangan, dan Gizi

Ignatius Hapsoro Wirandoko

Email : ignatius_wirandoko@yahoo.co.id

Hp : 08122801159

Masalah gizi

• Gizi makro : - gizi kurang dan buruk - kegemukan

Masalah gizimikro

• Anemia

• GAKY

• Kurang vit A

• Lain :

seng, folat, selenium dsb.

Isu-isu

• Ruang lingkup dan Klasifikasi

• Metabolisme / Patofisiologi :

- Sifat

- Teknik assessment

- Spektrum gejala

- Prevalensi• Penanggulangan

Ruang lingkup dan klasifikasi

• Vitamin• Elemen / unsur (“mineral”)• Vitamin-like substance / marginal

compounds - choline - taurine - carnitine - myo-inositol - bioflavonoids - Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) dsb.

Perkembangan pengetahuan tentang metabolisme

• Semakin banyak fakta terungkap seiring dengan perkembangan pengetahuan tentang metabolisme dan patofisiologi

• Sifat, teknik assessment, spektrum gejala dan upaya penanggulangan berkembang cepat.

Metabolisme besi

Metabolisme iodium

Metabolisme folat

Efek defisiensi folat di tingkat molekuler

Metabolisme seng

Sifat

•Bioavailibility •Amplification of action •Specivity •Homeostatis• Interaction

Bioavalibility

• Defined as the percent of the consumed mineral that enters via the intestinal absorptive cells and is used for its intended purpose.

• Bioavailibility includes not only how much of a consumed minerals enters the body, but also how much is retained and available for use.

Requirement and Allowance

Requirement

The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy

RDA (recommended dietary allowance)

The average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people.

Requirement and RDA

Nutrients and energy RDA

Nutrients and Risk of DeathN

utr

ient

Fun

ctio

n

100%

0%

Increasing concentration or intake of nutrient

Death DeathDeficiency Marginal Optimal Marginal Toxicity

DRI

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Ca Homeostatis

Zinc’s routes in the body

Interaction

Interactions among the trace minerals are common and often lead to nutrient imbalances.

An excess of one may cause a deficiency of another.

A deficiency of one may open the way for another to cause a toxic reaction.

A deficiency of one may exacerbate the problems associated with the deficiency of another.

Interlocking gear system

Mineral antagonism

Vitamin antagonisms

Vitamin mineral antagonism

Specivity

Laboratory Assessment

is used primarily to detect subclinical deficiency states

is becoming increasingly important with the growing emphasis on preventive medicine

can be used to supplement other methods

often affected by biological and technical factors

Type :

• Static biochemical test

• Functional test

Spektrum gejala defisiensi besi

Serum transferrin receptor(sTfR)

Spektrum gejala GAKY

Prevalensi

Upaya penanggulangan

• Tidak Berbasis pangan

- suplementasi

• Berbasis pangan

- fortifikasi

- rekayasa

- edukasi

Suplementasi

• Petimbangkan interaksi

• Kemungkinan excess• Menekan gizimikro

lain• Petugas gizi

kesehatan harus kenal wilayahnya

Barbara Underwood (2003)

• Scientific progress and political commitment are key factors but .........

• Consumer and public acceptance is key to sustainable progress