Aplikasi Teori/Model Konsepsual Keperawatan dalam Pelayanan

Kesehatan

Achir Yani S. Hamid, D.N.Sc

Kerjakan dalam 10 menit

Ambil selembar kertasTulis pengalaman pribadi anda yang paling

berkesan yang telah meningkatkan pengetahuan anda tentang keperawatan

Bisa pengalaman ketika praktik di tempat kerja, mendidik atau meneliti

Apa makna dari pengalaman tersebut bagi kehidupan personal dan professional anda

Epistemology

Epistemology: the study of what human beings know; how they come to know what they think they know and what the criteria are for evaluating knowledge claims

Nursing epistemology: the study of knowledge shared among the members of the discipline, the patterns of knowing and knowledge that developed from them an the criteria for accepting knowledge claims

Types of knowledge specific to nursing as a discipline

Clinical knowledgeConceptual knowledgeEmpirical knowledge

Pattern s of Knowing

Empirics, the science of nursingAesthetics, the art of nursingThe component of a personal

knowledge in nursingEthics, the component of moral

knowledge in nursing

Ontology of nursing Its locus in person as caring in

community with others and with universe

Epistemological and ontological questions related to patterns of knowing and ways of being

Concept Epistemology Ontology

EmpiricalEsthetic

How do I come to know the knowable?How do I come to know the artistry?

How do I find meaning in what I know?What does my perceptual sensibility to art reveal to me?

Personal knowledgeEthical

How do I come to know who I am?How do I come to know what I morally ought to do?

Who I am?Who ought I to be morally?

Pattern of Knowing Pattern Description Mode of Inquiry Examples of

Evodence

Empirics Publicly verifiable, factual descriptions, explanations, or predictions based on subjective or objective group data; the science of nursing

Empirical research Scientific data

Ethics Descriptions of moral obligations, moral and nonmoral values, and desired ends; the ethics of nursing

Identification, analysis, and clarification of beliefs and values; dialogue about and justification of beliefs and values

Standards of practice, codes of ethics, philosophies of nurisng

Personal Expression of the quality and authenticity of the interpersonal process between each nurse and each patient; the interpersonal relationships of nursing

Opening, centering, thinking, listening and reflecting

Autobiographical stories

Aesthetics Expressions of the nurse’s perception of what is significant in an individual patient’s behavior; the art and act of nursing

Envisioning possibilities, rehearsing nursing art and acts

Aesthetic criticism and works of art

Pengakuan terhadap esensi sbg keyakinan :Pandangan utuh tentang manusiaKomitmen terhadap caring sbg suatu

ungkapan rasa kemanusianPerspektfi tentang pendidikan yg

mengakui kesatuan antara mind-body-spirit dan pengakuan

Keperawatan

Disiplin Ilmiah Disiplin Ilmiah merupakan body of knowledge

terdiri lebihd dari satu paradigma untuk menuntun pencaritahuan ilmiah guna memahami fenomena

Paradigma adalah cara pandang dunia tentang suatu fenomena yang menjadi fokus (concern) dari suatu disiplin

Pengembangan paradigma diperlukan untuk memperkokoh suatu disiplin, dan tiap paradigma akan menhasilkan beberapa teori

Sains KeperawatanScience = to knowThe theoretical explanation of the

subject of inquiry and the methodological process of attaining knowledge in a discipline, thus science is both product and process

Research Research is how we create scienceThe formal process of seeking

knowledge and understanding through use of rigorous methodologies

A systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalize knowledge

Falsafah Ilmu

Falsafah keperawatan dan perannya

dalam pengembangan ilmu keperawatan

Keperawatan sebagai profesi/disiplin

FALSAFAH KEPERAWATAN

Teori: Serangkaian hubungan antar konsep yang

menguraikan & meramalkan fenomena disiplin, mencakup:

Asumsi: pernyataan mengenai fenomena sentral suatu disiplin yang mewakili keyakinan pakar teori.

Konsep: ide abstrak tertulis pada tingkat teoritis yang merupakan fondasi bangunan suatu teori.

Prinsip: pernyataan yang menghubungkan >2 konsep tertulis pada tingkat teoritis.

Proposisi: pernyataan yang menghubungkan > 2 konsep dari prinsip, sehingga dapat menjadi pedoman untuk riset dan praktik

Ilmu: Kumpulan pengetahuan yang padat & proses

mengetahui melalui penyelidikan sistematis & terkendali: metode ilmiah.

Proses perbaikan diri berkesinambungan yang melibatkan perkembangan teori & uji empiris

Bertujuan: mengamati, mengklarifikasi & menyelidiki hubungan yang memberikan pengertian tentang fenomena

Falsafah

Pengetahuan

Proses pikirabstrak

IntrospekesiIntuisiPembenaran(reasoning)

Uji Realitas(Penelitian)

Dunia EmpirisPraktik Keperawatan

Abstrak

Konkrit

Ilmu Teori

Model Konseptual Pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan

Dikembangkan atas pandangan/ pengetahuan teoritik para pakar keperawatan tentang keperawatan yang bertolak dari paradigma keperawatan

•Praktik•Pendidikan

•Riset

Beberapa Model Konseptual:

Complementary-supplementary Model (Henderson)

Self Care Model (Orem) Interpersonal Process Model (Peplau)Health Care System Model (Neuman)Adaptation Model (Roy)

ParadigmaKeperawatan

Henderson

PeplauB.Neuman

Orem

•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan

•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan

•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan

Model Konseptual

Model Konseptual dan Praktik Keperawatan

Fokus pada hubungan

Ners Klien

•Deskripsi konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan

Model Konseptual dan Praktik Keperawatan

Paradigma Kep

Hubungan dgkonsep utama ataudeskripsi konsep sentral/paradigma

keperawatan

Intervensi Kep

7 elemen utamaAsuhan kep.:

Tujuan askep, klien, peran ners,

masalah kep, fokus intervensi,cara intervensi,konsekuensi

tindakan

Proses Kep.

Hubungan dgpenerapan

metode/prosesKep sbg metode

ilmiah menyelesaikan masalah kep,yg dihadapi kien

Model Konseptual & PraktikKeperawatan

Deskripsi konsep sentral: manusia, masyarakat/lingkungan, sehat dan keperawatan

Tujuh elemen utama: tujuan askep, klien, peran ners, masalah keperawatan, fokus intervensi, cara /metode intervensi, konsekuensi intervensi

Proses keperawatan: pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan tindakan, melaksanakan intervernsi kep, dan evaluasi hasil tindakan.

Model Pemberian Askep(Nursing Delivery Models)

fungsionaltim

kasus/total careprimer

When a new discovery is reported to the scientific world, they say first, “it is probably not true.” When the truth of the proposition has been demonstrated beyond question, they say, “it may be true, but it is not important. “when sufficient time has elapsed to fully evidence its importance they say, “Surely it is important, but it is no longer new.” (Montaigne in Parse, 1987)