Aplikasi teori.model konsepsual kep di yankes
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Transcript of Aplikasi teori.model konsepsual kep di yankes
Aplikasi Teori/Model Konsepsual Keperawatan dalam Pelayanan
Kesehatan
Achir Yani S. Hamid, D.N.Sc
Kerjakan dalam 10 menit
Ambil selembar kertasTulis pengalaman pribadi anda yang paling
berkesan yang telah meningkatkan pengetahuan anda tentang keperawatan
Bisa pengalaman ketika praktik di tempat kerja, mendidik atau meneliti
Apa makna dari pengalaman tersebut bagi kehidupan personal dan professional anda
Epistemology
Epistemology: the study of what human beings know; how they come to know what they think they know and what the criteria are for evaluating knowledge claims
Nursing epistemology: the study of knowledge shared among the members of the discipline, the patterns of knowing and knowledge that developed from them an the criteria for accepting knowledge claims
Types of knowledge specific to nursing as a discipline
Clinical knowledgeConceptual knowledgeEmpirical knowledge
Pattern s of Knowing
Empirics, the science of nursingAesthetics, the art of nursingThe component of a personal
knowledge in nursingEthics, the component of moral
knowledge in nursing
Ontology of nursing Its locus in person as caring in
community with others and with universe
Epistemological and ontological questions related to patterns of knowing and ways of being
Concept Epistemology Ontology
EmpiricalEsthetic
How do I come to know the knowable?How do I come to know the artistry?
How do I find meaning in what I know?What does my perceptual sensibility to art reveal to me?
Personal knowledgeEthical
How do I come to know who I am?How do I come to know what I morally ought to do?
Who I am?Who ought I to be morally?
Pattern of Knowing Pattern Description Mode of Inquiry Examples of
Evodence
Empirics Publicly verifiable, factual descriptions, explanations, or predictions based on subjective or objective group data; the science of nursing
Empirical research Scientific data
Ethics Descriptions of moral obligations, moral and nonmoral values, and desired ends; the ethics of nursing
Identification, analysis, and clarification of beliefs and values; dialogue about and justification of beliefs and values
Standards of practice, codes of ethics, philosophies of nurisng
Personal Expression of the quality and authenticity of the interpersonal process between each nurse and each patient; the interpersonal relationships of nursing
Opening, centering, thinking, listening and reflecting
Autobiographical stories
Aesthetics Expressions of the nurse’s perception of what is significant in an individual patient’s behavior; the art and act of nursing
Envisioning possibilities, rehearsing nursing art and acts
Aesthetic criticism and works of art
Pengakuan terhadap esensi sbg keyakinan :Pandangan utuh tentang manusiaKomitmen terhadap caring sbg suatu
ungkapan rasa kemanusianPerspektfi tentang pendidikan yg
mengakui kesatuan antara mind-body-spirit dan pengakuan
Keperawatan
Disiplin Ilmiah Disiplin Ilmiah merupakan body of knowledge
terdiri lebihd dari satu paradigma untuk menuntun pencaritahuan ilmiah guna memahami fenomena
Paradigma adalah cara pandang dunia tentang suatu fenomena yang menjadi fokus (concern) dari suatu disiplin
Pengembangan paradigma diperlukan untuk memperkokoh suatu disiplin, dan tiap paradigma akan menhasilkan beberapa teori
Sains KeperawatanScience = to knowThe theoretical explanation of the
subject of inquiry and the methodological process of attaining knowledge in a discipline, thus science is both product and process
Research Research is how we create scienceThe formal process of seeking
knowledge and understanding through use of rigorous methodologies
A systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalize knowledge
Falsafah Ilmu
Falsafah keperawatan dan perannya
dalam pengembangan ilmu keperawatan
Keperawatan sebagai profesi/disiplin
FALSAFAH KEPERAWATAN
Teori: Serangkaian hubungan antar konsep yang
menguraikan & meramalkan fenomena disiplin, mencakup:
Asumsi: pernyataan mengenai fenomena sentral suatu disiplin yang mewakili keyakinan pakar teori.
Konsep: ide abstrak tertulis pada tingkat teoritis yang merupakan fondasi bangunan suatu teori.
Prinsip: pernyataan yang menghubungkan >2 konsep tertulis pada tingkat teoritis.
Proposisi: pernyataan yang menghubungkan > 2 konsep dari prinsip, sehingga dapat menjadi pedoman untuk riset dan praktik
Ilmu: Kumpulan pengetahuan yang padat & proses
mengetahui melalui penyelidikan sistematis & terkendali: metode ilmiah.
Proses perbaikan diri berkesinambungan yang melibatkan perkembangan teori & uji empiris
Bertujuan: mengamati, mengklarifikasi & menyelidiki hubungan yang memberikan pengertian tentang fenomena
Falsafah
Pengetahuan
Proses pikirabstrak
IntrospekesiIntuisiPembenaran(reasoning)
Uji Realitas(Penelitian)
Dunia EmpirisPraktik Keperawatan
Abstrak
Konkrit
Ilmu Teori
Model Konseptual Pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan
Dikembangkan atas pandangan/ pengetahuan teoritik para pakar keperawatan tentang keperawatan yang bertolak dari paradigma keperawatan
•Praktik•Pendidikan
•Riset
Beberapa Model Konseptual:
Complementary-supplementary Model (Henderson)
Self Care Model (Orem) Interpersonal Process Model (Peplau)Health Care System Model (Neuman)Adaptation Model (Roy)
ParadigmaKeperawatan
Henderson
PeplauB.Neuman
Orem
•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan
•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan
•Konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan
Model Konseptual
Model Konseptual dan Praktik Keperawatan
Fokus pada hubungan
Ners Klien
•Deskripsi konsep sentral•Tujuh elemen utama•Proses keperawatan
Model Konseptual dan Praktik Keperawatan
Paradigma Kep
Hubungan dgkonsep utama ataudeskripsi konsep sentral/paradigma
keperawatan
Intervensi Kep
7 elemen utamaAsuhan kep.:
Tujuan askep, klien, peran ners,
masalah kep, fokus intervensi,cara intervensi,konsekuensi
tindakan
Proses Kep.
Hubungan dgpenerapan
metode/prosesKep sbg metode
ilmiah menyelesaikan masalah kep,yg dihadapi kien
Model Konseptual & PraktikKeperawatan
Deskripsi konsep sentral: manusia, masyarakat/lingkungan, sehat dan keperawatan
Tujuh elemen utama: tujuan askep, klien, peran ners, masalah keperawatan, fokus intervensi, cara /metode intervensi, konsekuensi intervensi
Proses keperawatan: pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan tindakan, melaksanakan intervernsi kep, dan evaluasi hasil tindakan.
Model Pemberian Askep(Nursing Delivery Models)
fungsionaltim
kasus/total careprimer
When a new discovery is reported to the scientific world, they say first, “it is probably not true.” When the truth of the proposition has been demonstrated beyond question, they say, “it may be true, but it is not important. “when sufficient time has elapsed to fully evidence its importance they say, “Surely it is important, but it is no longer new.” (Montaigne in Parse, 1987)