WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS - WMO Library

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

NINTH

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS

GENEVA,2-27 MAY 1983

ABRIDGED REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS

1 WMO - No. 6151 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland

1983

The proceedings of Ninth Congress will be issued in a separate publication

© 1983, World ~eteorologicaI Organization

ISB)\.[ 92-63-10615-0

N'OTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoev~r QTI. :the part of tlu: Secn:tariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territorY, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its fronti.¢rs or bOl!ridaries .

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Final N° •

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LIST OF RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE NINTH SESSION OF CONGRESS

Session N°.

2.3/1

3.1.1/1

3.1.1/2

3.1. 2/1

3.1.3/1

3.1.6/1

3.1.6/2

3.1. 6/3

3.1.6/4

3.1. 7/1

3.1.8/1

3.1.9/1

3.1.10/1

3.2/1

3.2.1/1

3.2.1/2

Title

Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization ................................................ 107

World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987 •••.••••••••

World Weather Watch implementation support ••••••••

Improved Global Observing System elements .••••••••

Units for wind speed in meteorological messages for international exchanges .•..•.•••••.••••.•.••••••.•

Marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities for the period 1984-1987 •••••••••••••••

Systems and techniques for marine observation and

108

111

113

115

116

data collection .............................................. 118

Integrated Global Ocean Services System 119

United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea ••• 120

WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Programme •...•.••••.• 121

Annex to Resolution 10 (Cg-IX) - WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Programme ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 122

WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 125

Annex to Resolution 11 (Cg-IX) - WMO programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation .•..•••.. 127

Tropical Cyclone Programme 130

WMO satellite activities •.••••••••.••.•• 0 •••••• 0 •• 131

World Climate Programme ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 133

The World Climate Applications Programme •••••••••• 136

Annex to Resolution 15 (Cg-IX) - Guidelines for priority activities in the WCAP ••••••••••••••••••• 139

The Agricultural Meteorology programme ...••.......

Annex to Resolution 16 (Cg-IX) - Guidelines for priority activities in the Agricultural Meteorology

143

Programme ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 145

CONTENTS

List of resolutions adopted by Ninth Congress •••••••••••••••••••••••••.• IV

List of persons atten~ing Ninth Congress •••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• VIII

Agen da .................................................................................................................................... XXIV

General summary of the work of Ninth Congress (detailed contents are given under the agenda) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1

Resolutions 1 to 49 together with their annexes (detailed contents are given under the list of resolutions adopted by Ninth Congress) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 107

Annexes to the general summary,

I Annex to paragraph 3.2.1.3 of the general summary Objectives of CAgM and future activities ••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 253

II Annex to paragraph 3.3.1.4 of the general summary statement on the future role, objectives and outline plans of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences for the 1980s •••••••••••••••••• 254

III Annex to paragraph 3.3.1.16 of the general summary Guidelines to be used for the granting of WMO research awards for young scientists .............................. ".................................................................... 259

IV Annex to paragraph 3.6.1.11 of the general summary Responsibilities of WMO Regional Offices ••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V Annex to paragraph 5.2.1 of the general summary Programme of sessions of constituent bodies during the ninth

262

financial per iad .................................................................................................... 264

VI Annex to paragraph 7.11 of the general summary Programme structure .............................................................................................. 267

VII Annex to paragraph 10.1.10 of the general summary Proposed amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the WMO Convention •••• 269

List of documents I

I "Doell series ........................................................ . 270

II "PINK" series ............................................................................ e .... . 283

Final N° •

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LIST OF RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE NINTH SESSION OF CONGRESS v

Session N°.

3.2.2/1

3.2.4/1

3.3.1/1

3.3.1/2

3.3.2/1

3.3.3./1

3.3.4/1

3.3.4/2

3.4/1

3.4/2

3.4/3

3.5/1

3.6/1

Title

World Climate Data Programme ••••••.••••••••••••••• 146

Annex to Resolution 17 (Cg-IX) - Summary of types of action required to achieve WCDP objectives .••.. 148

World Climate Research Programme ••••••••.•••••••••

WMO Programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research (PSMP) ••••••••••••••••••••••••

Annex to Resolution 19 (Cg~IX) - WMO programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research

151

152

(PSMP) .•••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••• 154

WMO Programme on Long-range Forecasting Research (PLRF) •••••...••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 158

Annex to Resolution 20 (Cg-IX) - WMO Programme on Long-range Forecasting Research (PLRF) •••••••.•••• 159

WMO Tropical Meteorology Programme ••.•...•••..•.•• 162

Annex to Resolution 21 (Cg-IX) - WMO Tropical Meteo-rology programme .................................................. 165

Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 169

Precipitation Enhancement Project ................. .

Weather modification ................................................. .

Annex to Resolution 24 (Cg-IX) - International arrangements to facilitate weather modification

171

172

programmes........................................ 173

Operational Hydrology Programme, including the Hydrological Operational MUltipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Annex to Resolution 25 (Cg-IX) - Operational Hydrology Programme, including the Hydrological Opera-

175

tional Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS) •..•.•••••• 177

Applications and services to water resources ••...• 182

Co-operation with water-related programmes of other international organizations ............. " ................ e ... 183

Promotion of education and training ................... .. 184

Antarctic meteorolog:y .... " .. " .......................................... .. 186

VI

Final N°.

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40

41

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43

LIST OF RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE NINTH SESSION OF CONGRESS

Session N°.

4.2/2

4.2/1

4.3/1

5.3/1

7/1

8/1

9.2/1

9.3/1

9.3/2

9.3/3

9.5/1

10.1/1

10.1/2

10.1/3

Title

Recruitment of field project professional staff ...

Participation of the World Meteorological Organization in the United Nations Development Programme ••

The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme .........•

publications programme for the ninth financial peri ad ..................................................................................... ..

Annex to Resolution 33 (Cg-IX) - Programme and languages of WMO mandatory publications for the ninth financial period •••.••••...••.•.•••••.•.•...

WMO Long-term Plan ••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••

Maximum expenditures for the ninth financial

187

188

190

192

193

195

period ........................................................................................ 196

Annex to Resolution 35 (Cg-IX) - Maximum expendi-tUres for the ninth financial period •••••••••••••• 198

Establishment of the Financial Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization •••.••..... ~~ •...

Annex to Resolution 36 (Cg-IX) - Financial Regula-

199

tions of the World Meteorological Organization •••• 199

Proportional contributions of Members during the eighth financial period ••.•••••.•••••.••.•••.••..•

Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for the ninth financial period •.•••••.••.•.•.•••..

Annex to Resolution 38 (Cg-IX) - Table of propor-

214

215

tional contributions to the World Meteorological Organization for the ninth financial period • __ ••• • . 216

Settlement of long-outstanding contributions •••••• 221

Secretary-General's contract •••.•.••••.•••••••.••• 221

Annex to Resolution 40 (Cg-IX) - Secretary-General's contract •..••.•••.....•• _ . . •• . . • • • •• • • • •• • • •• • • •• • 222

Amendments to Article 13(c) of the Convention ••••• 224

Amendment to the Convention ....................... 225

Amendment to Article 14(f) of the Convention •••••• 225

Annex to Resolution 43 (Cg-IX) - Amendment to Article 14(f) of the Convention ••••••••••••••••••• 226

Final N° •

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45

46

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48

49

LIST OF RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE NINTH SESSION OF CONGRESS VII

Session N°.

10.2/1

10.2/3

10.2/4

10.2/x

10.2/5

10.3/1

Title

Amendments to General Regulation 83 related to the procedures for the election of members of the Executive Council .................................................................. 226

Annex to Resolution 44 (Cg-IX) - Revised text of General Regulation 83 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 226

The General Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization ............................................................................ 227

Annex to Resolution 45 (Cg-IX) - List of new or amended General Regulations ••••••••••••••••••••••• 228

Use of the Arabic and Chinese languages ••••••••••• 239

System of WMO technical commissions •••••••.••••••• 240

Annex to Resolution 47 (Cg-IX) - Annex III to the General Regulations (amended text) •••••••••••••••• 241

Co-operation between Hydrological Services ••.••...

Annex to Resolution 48 (Cg-IX) - Terms of reference of regional hydrological advisers to presidents of

250

regional associations .......................................................... 251

Review of previous Con~ess resolutions •••.•••••.• 251

Member State or Territory

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Angola

Argentina

Australia

Austria

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS

A. MEMBERS OF WMO

Name Capacity

S. Mazdoryar Principal delegate N. M. Herman Alternate

J. Cobani principal delegate

A. Mici Delegate

M. S. Boulahya Principal delegate

M. Andaloussi Alternate A. Deromak Delegate

A. Kirouane Delegate M. Malek Delegate A. Taffar Delegate A. Tagnit-Hamou Delegate S. A. Teffani Delegate

J. A. Xavier Principal delegate M. Texeira Alternate M. G. Azevedo (Mrs. ) Delegate M. Bombarda Delegate

S. Alaimo Principal delegate

E. Ferrari Alternate

A. L. Oaverede Alternate F. J. Lacaze Delegate

J. Sola Delegate R. Sasa Delegate

o. F. Canziani Adviser

J. w. Zillman principal delegate K. o 'Loughlin Alternate M. Smith Delegate J. Cowcher (Miss) Delegate

H. Reuter principal delegate

K. Cehak Alternate w. Koeffler Alternate R. Scheide Adviser

F. Trauttmansdorff Adviser L. Winfried Adviser

E. Glasel Hydrological Adviser


Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belgium

Belize

Botswana

Brazil

British Caribbean Territories

Bulgaria

Burma

Burundi

Byelorussian S.S.R.

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS IX

Name

N. P. Small

Y. A. Sulman A. Al Ansari I. Majeed

M. A. Aziz S. N .. Hossain

D. F. Best

A. Quinet J. B. Noirfalisse L. Engelen F. Bultot G. Collette

C. E. Berridge H. Robertson

G. K. Ramothwa (Miss) B. Sekwati

C. Padilha J. Arimatea P. C. Dias De Lima A. Doria L. A. Figueiredo Machado L. F. De Mattos J. 1. Roza

C. E. Berridge H. G. A. Lashley

G. Miloshev D. Simidchiev I .. Kotzev G. Gantchev

U Thu Ta U Khin Myint

E. Kayengeyge L .. Ndorimana

Ju. M. Pokurneiko E. N. Vychegjanin

Capacity

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

principal delegate

Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Hydrological Adviser Observer

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Observer Observer


Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate




x


Canada

Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chile

China

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Cuba

Cyprus


Name

J. P. Bruce J. A. W. McCUlloch A. Bryce N. H. James F. A. Page R. Fichaud

S. G. S. Ramos (Mrs.)

P. Djibrine Kombot-Naguemon L. Agene J-P. Mbaye

H. Duran S. Angellotti Cadiz R. Babul

Zau Jingmeng Lua Jibin WU Xianwei Chen Jiaqi Du zhongying Jin Kui Song Guangyao Sun Jinyuon Zhao Yunde Zheng Rugang

F. Bermudez B. Alvarez (Mrs.) E. Bernal E. Hernandez Vega

A. Bourhane

G. Mankedi M. Sow-Alassane

G. Lizano J. Rhenan-Segura E. Carmona

J. Gonzalez Montoto

K. L. Philaniotis A. pirishis

Capacity

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate observer

principal delegate

principal delegate Alternate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

principal delegate

principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate



Czechoslovakia

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Democratic Yemen

Denmark

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Ethiopia

Finland


Name

v. Richter F. Samaj B. Bohm F. Veres J. Kalavski

Li Gon II Chang Chang Chon H. W. Ang Yong Hwan Choi Chang Ryop Kyom Jae Song

A. Abdul Majid M. S. El-Mashjary N. S. Haitham

E. Busch H. H. Krarup K. Repsdorph H. Skouenborg

C. E. Berridge

D. Rodriguez M. Alfonseca (Mrs.)

G. Cisneros

M. F. Taha M. A. Badran w. Hanafi K. A. Khalil H. M. Zohdy

c. A. Barahona R. Huezo Melara

W. Degefu D. Asfaw

E. J. Jatila J. T. Riissanen R. Heino S. Mnstonen M. Saagbom (Mrs.) 1. Uusitalo U. Vaist6 Melleri

Capacity

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate


principal delegate Alternate Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate


Principal delegate

principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Alternate Adviser


Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

XI

XII L;IST QF :PEFl?O~S 1\TTE~DINGNINTH CONGRESS


Name capacity

France J. P. N. Labrousse Principal delegate M. A. Martin Sane (Miss) Alternate F. Duvernet Delegate A. Durget Alternate M. Merlet Delegate C. Pastre Delegate B. Poulain (Mrs. ) Delegate J. Langlade (Mrs.) Delegate J-M. Momal Adviser C. Gleizes Hydrology Adviser

French Polynesia M. pittavino Principal delegate

Gabon P. M'ba Principal delegate

M. M. Mboulou Alternate J. M'Boumba (Mrs. ) Delegate

Gambia M. Sahor Principal delegate

German Democratic W. "Bohrne principal delegate Republic R. Enderlein Delegate

H. Haschke Delegate

J. Kolbig Delegate O. Maiwald (Mrs. ) Delegate H. W. Mattern Delegate H. Veit Delegate

Germany, Federal E. Lingelbach principal delegate

Republic of H. G. Schulze Alternate

T. Mohr Delegate H. Schirmer Delegate

F. Lambach Adviser B. Ziese Adviser

Ghana S. E. Tandoh Principal delegate cato Annan Alternate L. K. Christian Delegate

C. A. A. Obuobie Delegate

Greece S. Linardos principal delegate

C. Andreacos Alternate C. Ivrakis Alternate A. Mitsialis Delegate

G. Vlahos Delegate

Guatemala N. contreras-Savaria (Mrs. ) Alternate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS XIII

Member State Name Capacity or Territory

Guinea M'bady Camara Principal delegate

Guinea-Bissau A. Martins Pereira principal delegate

Honduras N. Kawas Khoury Principal delegate 1. Romero Alternate R. Castro Delegate

Hong Kong J. E. Peacock Principal delegate E. M. H. Koo (Mrs. ) Delegate

Hungary J. Barat Principal delegate M. Ambrozy (Mrs. ) Alternate O. Starosolszky Delegate

Iceland R. Sigtryggsson Principal delegate V. Arsaelsson Alternate

India S. K. Das Principal delegate S. M. Kulshrestha Alternate M. Lal Delegate A. D. Mohile Delegate

Indonesia C. Sutrisno Principal delegate S. Hardjawinata Alternate M. Jalaluddin Adviser S. Wiramihardja Delegate N. Wisnoemoerti Adviser

Iran, Islamic A. M. Noorian Principal delegate Republic of A. A. Gulrounia Alternate

M. A. Kafafi Alternate H. Fenjanchi Rahnama Delegate G. K. Atigh Delegate B. Dianati Delegate M. A. Gholami Beiraghdar Delegate A. Asgari Delegate H. Yousefi Tehrani Delegate D. Behnava Delegate M. H. Ghotbi Delegate

Iraq N. Al-Badran Principal delegate J. Husain Alternate

Ireland D. L. Linehan principal delegate B. E. McWilliams Alternate

F. M. Hayes Delegate R. O'Toole Delegate

XIV ~ LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTE CQNGRESS


Israel Y. L. Tokatly Principal delegate o. Soffer Delegate F. Haran.Ephraim Delegate M. Shaton Delegate

Italy A. Nania Principal delegate A. Zancla Alternate

A. Ferrara Delegate E. Migliardi Delegate S. Palmieri Delegate G. Realacci Delegate R. Sarani Delegate M. Scialoja Observer

Ivory Coast J. Djigbenou Alternate A. S. Cissoko Delegate

Jamaica A. Hill Principal delegate J. T. Blake Alternate

C. R. Clayton Alternate

Japan S. Suyehiro Principal delegate

T. Nitta Alternate Y. Sugano Delegate T. Aihara Delegate

Jordan A. I. Abandah Principal delegate J. E. Rabadi Delegate A. Saleh Delegate

Kenya J. K. Murithi Principal delegate

E. A. Mukolwe Delegate

Kuwait K. AI-Yagout principal delegate

R. AI-Sane Delegate

Lebanon N. Ward Principal delegate

I. Harmouche Alternate

Lesotho B. T. Sekoli Principal delegate

Libyan Arab M. M. Daddish principal delegate Jamahiriya M. Smeda Delegate

A. Sergiwa Delegate

Luxembourg V. Fischbach principal delegate

R. Kipgen Alternate

Y. Sacco Alternate A. Kessler Delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS xv


Madagascar E. Randrianarison principal delegate

Malawi B. K. Mlenga principal delegate r. w. Lakioni Delegate P. Jiva Delegate

Malaysia Ho Tong Yuen Principal delegate Cheang Boon-Khean Alternate

Maldives A. Majeed principal delegate

Mali A. Gologo principal delegate

Mauritius Y. S. P. Valadon Principal delegate

Mexico M. Tello principal delegate A. Aree (Miss) Delegate V. Montemayor Delegate

Mongolia B. Myagmarjav Principal delegate G. Dembereldorj Delegate M. Badarch Delegate S. O. Bold Delegate

Morocco A. Bensari Alternate F. Raissouni Delegate M. RIniki Delegate

Mozambique J. Gomes Pepe Principal delegate T. C. Ferreira Delegate S. Sousa Ferreira Delegate

Nepal S. P. Adhikary Principal delegate J. L. Nayava Delegate

Netherlands J. Van Tiel principal delegate B. M. Kamp Alternate H. Heinemann Delegate J. Kastelein Delegate J. van der Made Hydrological Adviser

New Caledonia L. Malecotte principal delegate

New Zealand J. Hickman Principal delegate B. Lineham Delegate J. T. Steiner Delegate

XVI LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS


Nicaragua L. Olivares Principal delegate A. Choza Lopez Delegate M. Matute Hernandez Adviser

Niger Y. M. Boulama Principal delegate

Nigeria c. A. Abayomi Principal delegate

G. o. Ijewere Alternate

E. o. Mkpanam Delegate G. Olufemi Delegate

o. Satari Salami Delegate

T. Oseni Adviser

Norway K. Langlo Principal delegate

B. Abusland Delegate

'A. Erdal Delegate

L. SVendsen (Miss) Delegate

Oman S. S. Hamaod Principal delegate

A. L. Al-Huneidi Delegate

A. H. M. Al-Harthy Delegate

A. A. Subhi Hassan Delegate

Pakistan H. u. Qidwai Principal delegate

Panama c. Vasquez (Mrs. ) Principal delegate

Papua New Guinea S. Geno principal delegate

Peru J. Delmar Principal delegate

L. Vega Cedano Alternate

G. Belevan Saenz Delegate

H. Gonzales Delegate T. Palacios Pena Delegate

N. Pantoja (Miss) Delegate

P. A. Sevilla Delegate

Philippines R. L. Kintanar Principal delegate

c. P. Arafiles Alternate

c. V. Espejo Delegate

H. J. Brillantes Observer

Poland B. Godlewski Principal delegate

J. Pruchnicki Alternate

G. Czempinsky Delegate

C. Wieckowski Delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS XVII

Member State or Terri tory

Name Capacity

Portugal L. A. Mendes-Victor principal delegate J. S. Cristina Alternate M. T. F. Cabrita Delegate A. Santana Carlos Delegate J. J. Loureiro Hydrological Adviser

Qatar 1. Al Majed principal delegate

Republic of Korea Seang Hak Joong Principal delegate H. S. Yoan Delegate S. J. Eorn Delegate

Romania D. Bacinschi Principal delegate L. Toader Alternate

Rwanda J. C. Rugirangoga principal delegate

C. Uramutse Delegate

Saint Lucia C. E. Berridge Principal delegate F. Price Alternate

Saudi Arabia R. M. Romaih Principal delegate A. AI-Angary Delegate A. M. Henaidi Delegate E. S. Engawi Delegate

Senegal A. Sene Principal delegate M. Seck Alternate M. M. N'Diaye Alternate

Seychelles M. J-L. Loustau-Lalane Principal delegate

Singapore P. Lo SU Siew principal delegate Koo Hock-Chong Alternate

Somalia A. M. Mahad principal delegate M. Dubet Ismail Alternate A. M. Najib Delegate

Spain P. Gonzales-Haba Gonzalez Principal delegate L. Nagore Alternate J. C. Garcia-Herrera Delegate J. Garcia-Legaz MartineZ Delegate J. Mira-Granada Delegate P. Rodriguez-Franco Delegate J. M. Rubiato Delegate

XVIII LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NIN~H CQNGRESS

Member State Name or Territory

Capacity

Sri Lanka J. C. Kariyawasam Principal delegate

Sudan M. E. Abdalla Principal delegate F. E. Sayem Delegate M. S. Abbas Delegate O. Birido Delegate

Suriname R. F. Wesenhagen principal delegate

Sweden L. E. Ag Principal delegate

R. Berggren Alternate

A. Aaslund Delegate

U. Ehlin Delegate

R. Lindqvist Delegate

L. Ryden (Mrs. ) Delegate

iJ· c. Groth Observer

Switzerland A. Junod principal delegate

J. Manz Alternate

J. Bartlome Delegate

C. Emmenegger Delegate

P. Morscher Delegate

R. Perret Delegate

w. Frei Observer

Syrian Arab A. w. Kabakibo Principal delegate

Republic M. H. Al Marsi Delegate

Thailand T. Montrivade principal delegate

T. Brikshavana Delegate

Togo L. K. Abialegbedzi principal delegate

Trinidad and c. B. Daniel Principal delegate

Tobago

Tunisia H. Trabelsi principal delegate

M. Allouche Delegate

R. Cherif Delegate

M. Baati Delegate

T. Jedidi Delegate

A. Kassar Delegate

M. Taoufik Delegate

Turkey M. azgul Principal delegate

E. Apakan Delegate

K. Onculer Delegate

LIST· OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS XIX


Uganda P. A. Byarugaba Principal delegate D. N. o. Bwire Delegate

Ukrainian S.S.R. N. Skripnik Principal delegate

A. Olejnik Alternate Y. Malko Delegate

U.S.S.R. Ju. A. Izrael Principal delegate S. S. Khodkin Alternate S. Birioulev Delegate S. K. Cherkavsky Delegate Yu. Khabarov Delegate v. Konoplev Delegate L. Miridonov Delegate v. Mitrofanov Delegate v. Nikitin Delegate A. S. Sarkisyan Delegate A. Shelenkov Delegate P. Ushakov Delegate A. A. Vasiliev Delegate v. Ananiev Adviser v. Boldirev Adviser E. Y. Dapkounas Adviser

United Kingdom Sir John Mason principal delegate G. J. Day Alternate J. M. Nicholls Delegate J. Richards Delegate M. w. Stubbs Delegate E. Forde (Miss) Delegate J. C. Rodda Hydrological Adviser

United Republic S. S. Dipanda Principal delegate of Cameroon L. Finke Fictime Alternate

T. Onana Fouda Delegate

united Republic of Tanzania U. B. Lifiga Prin-cipal delegate

U.S.A. R. E. Hallgren Principal delegate D. Sargeant Alternate F. Lancetti Alternate G. D. Cartwright Delegate E. G. Droessler Delegate J. Hussey Delegate N. E. Johnson Delegate M. E. Moss Delegate A. Hecht Adviser J. S. Perry Adviser K. C. Spengler Observer

~x LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS


Upper Volta

Uruguay

Venezuela

Viet-Nam

Yemen

Yugoslavia

Zaire

zambia

Zimbabwe

Name

J. P. Ouedraogo S. Drabo

C. A. Grezzi T. Palas

O. RUiz F. Alvarez A. W. Goldbrunner J. M. Hernandez

Tran Van-An Truong Phap

M. Alansi A. S. Yahya A. K. Mallouhi

M. Sikic I. Delijanic T. Vucetic

G. Osil

V. A. Simango

C. B. Archer

Capacity



Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Hydrological Adviser


Principal delegate Alternate Adviser


Alternate

Principal delegate

principal delegate

B. PRESIDENTS OF TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS

Commission Name

Commission for Maritime Meteorology

CommisS'ion for Basic SystemS'

CommisS'1:onfor Instruments and Methods of Observation

commission for Aeronautical Meteorology

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology

commission for climatology and Applications of Meteorology

commission for Hydr.ology

commission f"or Atmospheric Sciences

K.

J.

S.

J.

N.

J.

R.

F.

P. Vasiliev

R. Neilon

Huovila

Kastelein

Gerbier

L. Rasmussen

H. Clark

Mesinger


C. INDIVIDUAL EXPERTS

E.

G. L. Holland J. T. Houghton R. southern R. G. Soulage

D. IMO LECTURER

P. K. Das

SCIENTIFIC LECTURERS

S. P. Adhikary

F. w. G. Baker w. J. Maunder H. E. Landsberg V. Richter A. F. Treshnikov

F. INTERNATIONAL OIGANIZATIONS

Organization Name

United Nations

Economic Commission for. Europe (ECE)

United Nations Office of the Disaster Relief co-ordinator (UNDRO)

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

united Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

T. w.

C.

A.

E.

P. C. J.

P. E.

S. M.

Zoupanos Lissitsky

Lopez-Polo

Samoilenko

Nypan

S. Thacher

C. Wall~n Dooge

Bourgois Bonev

Akbil Frere

XXI

){XII J:.IST OF l"ERpONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS

Organization

united Nations Educational Scientifi,c and Cultural Organization (Unesco)

Inter-Governmental Oceanographic Comrrdssion (IOC)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

World Health Organization (WHO)

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

International Atomic Energy.Agency (IAEA)

Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA),

European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMRWF)

European Co-operati9D: in the_ -Field of Scientific and Technial Research (ECFSTR) (COST)

European Space Agency voltaire (ESA)

International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)

International Council for Irrigation and Drainage (lCID)

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

International Society of Biometeorology (ISB)

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Caribbean Meteorological Organization

Name

M. A. R. Kaddoura S. Dumitrescu

I. Oliounine B. Thompson

M. E. NanCDo

N. Dahlqvist

F. D. Masson

M. Opelz (Mrs. )

P. Malekou D. Mandengue P. RanaivQson

L. Bengtsson J. K. D. Soderman

J. Riissanen S. Huovila

R. Tessier

R. C. Landis

B. primault

F. W. G. Baker

J. Kindler

L. R. Oldeman

B. Primault

F. Mesinger

M. Daar o. Muntasser K. pobi

C. E. Berridge

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING NINTH CONGRESS XXIII

G. OTHER ORGANIZATION

Palestine Liberation S. Kaddoura Organization (PLO)

1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.

2.1

Agenda item

AGENDA

Reievant documents

ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION PINK 45

Opening of the session PINK 45

Establishment of a Credentials PINK 45 Committee

Approval of the agenda

Establishment of committees

Report of the Credentials Committee

Approval of the Minutes

REPORTS

1, 2, PINK 45

PINK 45

PINK 1, PINK 4, PINK 45

PINK 45

Report by the President of the 37, Organization 37, ADD. 1,

PINK 19

Resolutions adopted

Relevant page of general summary

1

1

13

13

13

14

14

14

14

AGE N D A

2.2

2.3

3.

3.1

3.1.1

Agenda item

Report on the review of the scientific and technical structure and functioning of the Organization

Consolidated report on amendments to the Technical Regulations

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMMES

World weather Watch Programme

Further development of the World Weather Watch, inclu-ding the report of the presi-president of CBS

3.1.2 Global Observing System (GOS)

3.1.3 Global Data-processing System (GDPS)

3.1.4 Global Telecommunication System (GTS)

Relevant documents

16, 17, PINK 61

64, 64, ADD. 1 PINK 30

40, PINK 44, PINK 44, ADD. 1

47, 58, 58, ADD. 1, 58, ADD. 2, 58, ADD. 3, 71, 86, PINK 44

23, 23, ADD. 1, PINK 44

23, 23, ADD. 1, PINK 44

23, 23, ADD. 1, PINK 44

Resolutions adopted

2, 3

4

5

xxv


14

19

20

20

20

25

27

28

XXVI AGENDA

Agenda item

3.1.5 Monitoring the operation of the WWW and operational information service

3.1.6 Marine meteorology, IGOSS

3.1. 7

3.1.8

and other ocean-related activities, including the report of the president of CMM

Aeronautical meteorology I including the report of the president of CAeM

Instruments and methods of observation, including the report of the president of CIMO

3.1.9 Tropical Cyclone Programme

3.1.10 WMO satellite activities

3.2 World Climate Programme

3.2.1 World Climate Applications Programme, including the reports of the presidents of CCAM and CAgM

23,

Relevant documents

23, ADD. 1, PINK 44

45, 55, 85, PINK 31, PINK 31, CORR. 1

54, 57, PINK 35

51, 69, PINK 34

39,82, 83, PINK 46

25, PINK 43

31, 31, ADD. 1, PINK 42

Resolutions adopted

6, 7, B, 9

10

11

12, 13

14

26, 27, 15, 16 27, ADD. 1, APPENDIX, REV. 1, 32, PINK 39, PINK 39, REV. 1, PINK 39, REV. 2

Re-levant page of general summary

29

30

34

35

36

38

42

42

AGENDA

Agenda item

·3.2.2 World Climate Bata Programme

3.2.3 World Climate Impact Studies Programme

3.2.4 World Climate Research Programme

3.3 Research and Development Programme

3.3.1 Weather prediction research, including the report of the president of CAS

3.3.2 Tropical meteorology

3.3.3 Environmental pollution monitoring and research

3.3.4 weather modification research

Relevant documents

36)) 36, ADD. 1, PINK 41

72, PINK 40, PINK 40, CORR. 1

Resolutions adopted

17

(English and French only) PINK 69

43, 44, PINK 38

30, 52, 52, ADD. 1, 56, PINK 47 PINK 54

41, 41, ADD. 1, PINK 55

42, PINK 52

38, 38, ADD. 1, 38, CORR. 1 {French only II PINK 51

18

19, 20

21

22

23, 24

XXVII


44

47

49

52

52

56

58

61

XXVIII

Agenda item

AGEND~A

Relevant documents

3.4 Hydrology and Water Resources 28, Programme PINK 37

3.4.1 Operational hydrology, the report of the president of CHy

3.4.2 Applications and services to water resource& .

3.4.3 Co-operation with waterrelated programmes of other international organizations

3.5 Education and Training Programme

3.5.1 Education and training services

3.5.2 Education and training events

3.5.3 Education and training fellowships

3.6 Regional Programme

29, 29, ADD. 1, PINK 37

PINK 37

PINK 37 ~

24, 24, CORR. 1, 24, ADD. 1, 91, PINK 50

PINK 50

PINK 50

PINK 50

Resolutions adopted

25

26

27

28


65

66

68

69

69

70

71

72

75

Agenda item

3.6.1 Regional activities, including the reports of presidents of regional associations

3.6.2 Antactic meteorology

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

5.

5.1"

TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION ACTIVITES

General review of technical co-operation activities

United Nati"ons Development Programme (UNDP)

Voluntary Co-operation Programme (VCP)

Organization and financing of technical co-operation activities

SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES

Policy-making organs and executive management

AGENDA

Relevant documents

48, 49, 60, 66, 66, CORR. 1, 70, 76, 77, PINK 62

50, PINK 33

67, 67, CORR. 1, 91, PINK 57

Resolutions adopted

29

65, 30, 31 PINK 58

62, 32 PINK 64

63, PINK 59

61, PINK 11, PINK 11, REV. 1

XXIX


75

77

78

78

79

81

84

84

84

xxx

5.2

5.3

5.4

6.

7.

8.

9.

9.1

AGENDA

Agenda item

Conference programme

Publications programme

public information programme

CO-OPERATION WITH THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

LONG-TERM PLAN FOR 1984-1993

CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME AND BUDGET

ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL QUESTIONS

Financial report of the Secretary-General

13,

Relevant documents

73, APPENDIX, REV. 1, PINK 32

53, 53, 53, APPENDIX B, REV. 1, PINK 27

68, PINK 20

46, 46, CORR. 1 (French only), 46, ADD. 1, 46, ADD. 2, PINK 8

20, PINK 49

13, 13, ADD. 1, 13, REV. 1, 14, 75, PINK 70

81, PINK 21

Resolutions adopted

33

34

35


85

86

87

88

89

92

95

95

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

10.

10.1

Agenda item

Financial matters

Proportional contributions of Members

Staff matters

Secretary-General's contract

GENERAL AND LEGAL QUESTIONS

Questions concerning the Convention

AGE N D A

Relevant documents

5, 15, PINK 22, PINK 29

3, 4, 4, ADD. 1, 4, ADD. 2, 6, 84, PINK 5, PINK 23, PINK 53

78, 79, 87, PINK 65

PINK 63

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21, 221 PINK 3 I PINK 121 PINK 12, REV. 11 PINK 13, PINK 13, REV. 1, PINK 14, PINK 15, PINK 15, REV. 1, PINK 15, REV. 21 PINK 56 )

Resolutions adopted

36

37, 38 39

40

41, 42 43

XXXI


95

97

98

99

99

99

XXXII

10.2

10.3

10.4

11.

11.1

11.2

Agenda item

Revision of the General Regulations

Review of the previous resolutions of Congress

Requests for membership of the Organization

ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization

Election of members of the Executive Committee

AGENDA

12,

Relevant documents

18, 18, REV. I, 19, 33, 34, 35, 59, 89, 90, PINK 9, PINK 9, ADD. PINK 16, PINK 16, PINK 17, PINK 17, PINK 24, PINK 24, PINK 25, PINK 25, PINK 36, PINK 36, PINK 60, PINK 66, PINK 67

74, PINK 68

REV.

REV.

REV.

REV.

REV.

I,

I,

I,

I,

I,

I,

PINK 6, PINK 7, PINK 18, PINK 18, REV. 1

PINK 10, PINK 10, REV. I, PINK 28

Resolutions adopted

44, 45 46, 47 48

49


102

104

104

104

104

104

11.3

13.

14.

15.

Agenda item

Appointment of the Secretary-General

METEOROLOGY AND SOCIETY

!MO LECTURE AND SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSIONS

PLACE AND DATE OF TENTH CONGRESS

CLOSURE OF THE SESSION

AGENDA

Relevant documents

PINK 2, PINK 26

88, PINK 48

80, 80, ADD. 1, 80, ADD. 2, 80, ADD. 3, PINK 72

PINK 71

PINK 71

Resolutions adopted

XXXIII


105

105

105

106

106

EDITORIAL NOTE

By its Resolution 42, Ninth Congress changed the name of the EXecutive Committee to Executive Council. Similarly, by its Resolution 47, it changed the name of the Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology (CCAM) to the commission for Climatology (CC1). It is likely that many of the resolutions of Ninth Congress, as well as the appropriate paragraphs of the general summary of this report, will be quoted and referenced quite often during the years to come. In order to avoid inconsistencies and unnecessary future complications, the new names (Executive Council and Commission for Climatology) are used throughout this report, with the exception of the obvious cases when the text refers to past activities.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF NINTH CONGRESS

The World Meteorological Organization held its Ninth Congress at the Centre International de Conferences de Geneve (CICG), from 2 to 27 May 1983, under the chairmanship of Dr. R. L. Kintanar, President of the Organization.

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (Agenda item 1)

1.1 Opening of the session (Agenda item 1.1)

1.1.1 The president of the Organization, Dr. R. L. Ninth Congress at 11 a.m. on 2 May 1983 and welcomed the guished guests.

Kintanar, opened following distin-

Mr. A. Egli

Mr. P. Wellhauser

Mr. C. Fischer

Mr. C . Ulmann

Mr. G.-O. Segond

Mr. R. Vieux

Mr. E. Suy

Mr. R. E. Butler

Sir Arthur Davies

Federal Councillor, Chief of the SWiss Federal Department of the Interior

President of the "Conseil d'Etat" of the Republic and canton of Geneya

President of the "Grand Conseil" of the Republic and Canton of Geneva

President of the Municipal Council of the city of Geneva

Vice-president of the Administrative Council of the City of Geneva

Chief of Protocol and Information, Republic and Canton of Geneva

Director-General, United Nations Office at Geneva

Secretary-General, International Telecommunication Union

Secretary-General Emeritus of WMO.

1.1.2 Mr. A. Egli, Federal Councillor, Chief of the Swiss Federal Department of the Interior, speaking on behalf of the Swiss Federal Authorities and those of the canton and City of Geneva, welcomed all the participants in Congress and expressed his warmest wishes for the success of their work.

1.1.3 He conveyed the best wishes of the Government of the Swiss Confederation. Meteorology, he said, enjoyed great prestige and was in the forefront of technical progress. The vagaries of climate affected everyone I s dai-Iy life and, in the climatic diversity of a mountainous country like SWitzerland, local communities required information adapted to their needs.

2 GENERAL SUMMARY

The dialogue instituted between users and specialists was particularly stimulating since it not only assisted in developing the science but also in improving communication wi th the public I a key problem of modern times.

1.1.4 Another important aspect of meteorology was the generalized e_xchange of information transgressing physical and political frontiers. That remarkable achievement underlined the determination and the ability of meteorologists to overcome every obstacle, whether linguistic, technical, economic or political, so as to meet the essential prerequisite for their activities.

1.1.5 Challenges still lay ahead. While meteorological infrastructures undoubtedly required consolidation and the incorporation of technical progress, the maximum utilization of meteorological infor-mation in order to meet man's basic needs and to ensure his well-being called for intensive efforts and long-term undertakings. Agricultural production, water and energy resources were only some of the problems that had important meteorological and climatological aspects. It was up to the world meteorological community to make a co-ordinated contribution towards the solution of those major problems. Definition of priorities as well as the allocation of personnel and financial resources were among the questions that would have to be discussed during Ninth Congress. He concluded by expressing the hope that its work would have a successful outcome.

1.1.6 Mr. E. Suy (Director-General of the united Nations Office at· Geneva) conveyed the greetings and best wishes of the Secretary-General of the Uni ted Nations, Mr. Perez de Cuellar, on the occasion of the opening of the Ninth World Meteorological Congress. The Secretary-General had hoped to be able to address the meeting personally but the forthcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly required his presence in New York.

1.1.7 The past decade, and the last four years in particular, had seen severe economic stress throughout the world in both developed and developing nations alike. Development per ~ had lost much of its earlier promising momentum.

1.1.8 In such troubled times, therefore, it was gratifying to note the far-reaching developments taking place within the sphere of responsibility of the World Meteorological Organization. weather and climate were among the few truly natural resources freely available to all nations. They affected nearly all facets of man's economic and social development and the proper. application of meteorological and hydrological knowledge could bring inestimable bene.fi ts to all countries. Sectors particularly sensitive to weather and climate included agriculture, water resources, energy and transport, but practically all areas of man's endeavour, from urban development and industrialization to marketing and insurance, were affected.

1.1.9 Without going into detail, he highlighted the World Weather Watch and referred to the contribution made by WMO at the preparatory stage and during the united Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE-82) which had been held in Vienna in 1982.

1.1.10 He also stressed the importance of other WMO programmes including the Tropical Cyclone Programme, the World Climate programme and the WMO Longterm. Plan. In connexion with the latter, he considered that if meteorology and operational hydrology were to play their full role in human affairs, it

GENERAL SUMMARY 3.

was necessary to look ahead, to recognize emerging new challenges, to foresee economic and social circumstances to the year 2000 and thereby to mobilize the resources of Member countries so as to achieve agreed goals. Only in that way could a better world for all be achieved.

1.1.11 Finally, he mentioned the important contribution WMO could make towards alleviating the plight of the countries suffering from desertification in the Sudano-Sahelian region.

1.1.12 The President in his address to Congress observed that the quadrennial session of the Congress of the World Meteorological Organization was the only occasion on which he I as president of the Organization, had the opportunity to greet all of the key persons responsible for the proper functioning and, indeed, the very existence of the Organization.

1.1.13 In particular, he thanked the Federal Council of the Confederation of Switzerland for its unceasing support to WMO, and the authorities of the Canton and City of Geneva for the excellent conference facilities which they had put at WMO's disposal.

1.1.14 He also acknowledged with gratitude the support and encouragement which WMO received from the united Nations and the specialized agencies of the united Nations system, as well as the key role played by the Permanent Missions of member states to the organizations.

1.1.15 Finally, he welcomed the delegates of Members of the Organization represented at congress, who, for the succeeding four weeks, would work to ensure the continued progress and success of the Organization for the good of all nations in the years to come.

1.1.16 He noted that the primary task of Congress in the course of the next four weeks would be to establish the programme and budget for the period 1984-87. As could be seen from the programme and budget document submitted by the Secretary-General, that would not be an easy task. The economic restraints imposed by the present world situation demanded a careful consideration of the priority actions open to the Organization, but, at the same time, with the tremendous scientific and technological advances currently taking place, meteorological science must not be allowed to stagnate. There must be a careful blend and consolidation of traditional priority activities and fresh initiatives which would provide optimum benefits for the economic and social well-being of Member nations.

1.1.17 He reiterated the importance of WMO's major programmes. the World Weather Watch, the World Climate Programme, the Research and Development Programme, the Hydrology and water Resources programme, the Regional Programme, the Education and Training Programme and the Technical Co-operation programme.

1.1.18 The decisions taken during the session would have far-reaching implications on the advancement of meteorological science and on the benefits to be derived from the proper application of such knowledge. In that connexion, he mentioned the importance of the proposed Long-term plan.

1.1.19 In addition, there were a number of more formal questions affecting the structure and functioning of the Organization. He was confident that Congress would resolve such matters to the satisfaction of all.

4· GENERAL SUMMARY

1.1.20 Mr. R. E. Butler (Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union) said that he saw in the invitation to ITU to participate in the opening of the Ninth congress of WMO another manifestation of the ·excellent collaboration which had existed between the two organizations for over 100 years. As eminent specialists in meteorology, the participants certainly did not need to be told that meteorology had been one of the first users of the electric telegraph, indeed, as long ago as 1849, a telegraph network for transmitting storm warnings had been operating in the United States. That example was soon followed in other countries, particularly in Europe. It was useful to recall these historical facts which underlined the importance of communications infrastructures and the mutual interests of WMO and ITU.

1.1.21 tiThe development of communications infrastructures II was, indeed, the theme of World Communications Year which had been proclaimed for 1983 by the United Nations General Assembly. Infrastructures were a key factor in any consistent development policy, and such a policy was an essential element in achieving the all-too-elusive goal of development in the current United Nations Development Decade. Co-ordination of the implementation of programmes for the Year drawn up at the national, regional or world levels, with the involvement of the organizations within the United Nations system, was clearly a major responsibility and a challenge. In accepting that role, the ITU was relying on the co-operation of the entire United Nations family, secure in the knowledge that it could count on the support of all the organizations concerned, including WMO. Within the framework of the Year, the two organi-· zations were working together to set up a hurricane-proof communication system in the Caribbean Region, intended at the same time to improve meteorological forecasting facilities that would help safeguard people. It was a pilot project, financing for which came from international voluntary contributions. Such a pilot project provided a practical demonstration that could serve as a model to other regions of the world in which similar problems arose. Thus, World Communications Year was not an end in itself but, on the contrary, was designed to act as a catalyst for promoting the development of communications infrastructures.

1.1.22 Meteorology and telecommunications had one thing in common, they were both services whose world-wide operations depended on development at the national level for which the transfer of technological know-how was extremely important. In that connexion, he congratulated WMO on the excellent METEOHYDEX exhibition associated with Ninth Congress which would enable all delegates to familiarize themselves with the latest developments. in weather forecasting techniques and equipment. The exhib.ition highlighted the fact that, as with his organization in the telecommunications field, WMO's role was world-wide. There could be no better illustration of that fact than the World Weather Watch network.

1.1.23 He recalled the success of the WMO and ITU World Meteorological and World Telecommunication Days in 1975, the theme of which had been "Telecommunications and Meteorology". They had been held at an interval of only a few weeks, on 23 March and 17 May, and gave both the public and governments an opportunity of witnessing the constant collaboration which existed between the two organizations and the interdependence of their interests in the modern world. The word "interdependence II was by no means an exaggeratiop. ~ince -the advent of the space age had enabled meteorological satellites to be developed whose efficiency depended on the proper operation of, and interaction with, terrestrial telecotrnnunication facilities. On the other hand, the importance of acqu·iring· a proper knowledge· of. cli-m,atic conditions, for instap.ce, for the study of radio propagation phenomena· in tropical cO\lntrie~-, :was well .~nown.

GENERAL SUMMARY 5

Relations between radiocommunications and meteorology were by no means a oneway affair; the meteorologist needed the radiocornmunication engineer just as much as the latter needed the meteorologist.

1.1.24 In conclusion, on behalf of the ITU Administrative Council and the Headquarters Organs, he extended his sincere wishes for the success of the work of Ninth Congress.

1.1.25 Mr. P. Bourgois (Assistant Administrator and Director of the UNDP European Office) conveyed the best wishes of Mr. Morse, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. UNDP and WMO had collaborated for many years in the economic development of developing countries in programme planning and implementation as well as in inter-agency meetings and Governing Council sessions.. At the country level, WMO received UNDP support both for programming and implementation for technical co-operation activities assisted by UNDP or financed by other funds. Co-operation between UNDP and WMO had been a model of its kind and, as a specialized agency implementing projects under the programme, WMO was undoubtedly one of the international bodies in which the standard of services provided was of the highest level. The fact that many governments provided WMO with funds for projects that could not be undertaken within the limited resources of UNDP was perhaps the best testimony to the confidence inspired by WMO.

1.1.26 He expressed concern at the level of resources available to the united Nations system for assistance to developing countries. For three years governmental contributions to UNDP had remained considerably below the level envisaged for the current period. Programmes for 1982-1986 necessitated an annual increase in resources OT 14 per cent, but despi-te the e-fforts of some governments, including developing countries, only a nominal increase had been achieved. UNDP was of course not the only multilateral programme facing such difficulties, but since it played a unique central role in the technical cooperation field within the united Nations system the situation was particularly serious.

1.1.27 It constituted not only the main financing source for such cooperation, but also facilitated an inter-sectoral approach to development issues and, more than any other programme, enabled governments themselves to decide upon their priorities for such assistance. It was essential to maintain and strengthen the bases of this truly multilateral and quasi-universal assistance. This was to be kept in mind at a time when resources only allowed the implementation of 55 per cent of the programmes and projects envisaged. The Governing Council and the Administrator had taken strong measures to restore to the programme its original dynamism. An intersessional committee of the whole had held three meetings and haa formulated recommendations which, if they received the support of all donors, should bring about a substantial improvement in UNDP resources. However, such measures could only succeed if organizations of the United Nations system gave strong support and he was sure that UNDP could rely upon WMO. In that common endeavour, WMO played an important role and, unquestionably, the quality of services it provided reflected upon the reputation of the United Nations system. Executing agencies required funds not -only to carry out projects, but also for regular programme activities as well as resources to underpin such field activities.

1.1.28 An organization's capability to maintain a high technical level in the projects entrusted to it was the basis· of the tripartite system of multilateral co-operation comprising government, financing and co-ordination by UNDP and the executing agency. Among the operational activities, technical

6 GENERAL SUMMARY

co-operation among developing countries was of the utmost importance and the united Nations system must give it its most active support. UNDP played a catalytic role in this respect, but in the final analysis it was through the efforts of each specialized agency in its own field that such co-operation would develop. Although the proportion of WMO project implementation activities within UNDP was not high compared with other specialized agencies, their importance in agricultural production was considerable. A number of WMO projects were of a large scale and long duration and represented an indispensable part of efforts towards economic development.

1.1.29 Mr. P. S. Thacher (Deputy Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme) noted that in 1979, UNEP had made a commitment to the Eighth World Meteorological congress to assume responsibility for the implementation of the World Climate Impact Studies Programme. He wished at Ninth Congress, on behalf of Dr. TaIba, the Executive Director, to reaffirm that commitmen't;.

1.1.30 Two years had passed since the Governing Council of UNEP had taken note of the recommendations of the first meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the World Climate Impact Studies Programme and had called upon th~ Executive Director to move ahead as quickly as possible in the implementation of the WCIP. In that time, the circumstances which had prompted UNEP to· offer its expertise and facilities unreservedly in support of the World Climate Programme had changed. The problems which beset UNEP were not unique -global inflation and recession had affected international and national endeavour alike. WMO and others involved in the World Climate Programme had not been spared the ravages of fiscal uncertainty. Changes in the physical climate were a prospect for the future; the financial climate, however, had already changed and international science was the poorer for it. However, extremely difficult as things were, there was still no impenetrable barrier to progress.

1.1.31 UNEP recognized the importance of global climatic conditions and was concerned about the socia-economic implications for man of an atmosphere which, through having its chemical composition altered by human intervention, inadvertent or otherwise, could create a climate which would be irreversibly changed. Thus, it must move ahead as quickly as possible in the implementation of the impact component of the WCP. Circumstances had slowed its beginning) a plan of action adopted in good faith had turned out to be much too ambitious, given the financial constraints on the Environment Programme. After careful selection, a limited number of projects recommended by the Scientific Advisory Committee had been initiated. UNEP was well aware that the programme was a global one) hence, it had made an attempt to address all the programme areas identified by the committee as deserving priority. Efforts had been initiated in the vi tal areas of climate and food and the development and improvement of methodologies for climate impact studies· - the relations between C02' climate variability and change and their impacts and in the co-ordination of climate impact stUdies other than those being directly implemented by uNEP. A comprehensive work programme was also being proposed for the 1984-85 biennium and there was every expectation that it could be fulfilled. Later, UNEP would develop projects to address the impa.ct of-· climate on wate-r resources and energy production and use - subjects which had been identified at· the first inter-a,gency planning meeting as priority elements in the World Climate Programme.

GENERAL SUMMARY 7

1.1.32 He wished to assure Congress that UNEP was and would remain a full partner of WMO and those other organizations responsible for the implementation of the World Climate programme. UNEP would co-operate closely in WMO's own endeavours, it had, for instance, been an active supporter of the Regional Climate Conferences and there were plans to support similar activities in the future. UNEP had always been conscious of its responsibilities in respect of global environment issues and promised to support and, where necessary I lead in the effort to understand, mitigate and combat such problems. For example, UNEP felt a special responsibility towards the socio-economic assessment of the impact of CO2-induced climate change. It would arrange, with the support of WMO, leBU and other organizations, a series of conferences to address that problem. In a complementary area to that of climate change, UNEP, through its various committees - the Co-ordinating committee on the Ozone Layer and the Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts for the Elaboration of a Global Framework Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer - was fully involved in the approach towards a global agreement to protect that essential element of the environment. In that connexion, he wished to express his appreciation of the invaluable support given by WMO and Congress to UNEP over the years. Mutually supportive effort and other efforts, such as those in connexion with GEMS activities and with programmes on tropical cyclones, weather modification, hydrology and water resources, underlined the necessity and desirability of co-operation within the relevant programmes of the international community. UNEP undertook to do its part in those joint endeavours.

1.1.33 Mr. S. Akbil (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) recalled that Ninth Congress was taking place nine years after the World Food Conference and -four years after the world Climate -Con-fe-renee.. Th-e -World F-ood Conference had originated in an adverse meteorological situation which had triggered off an unprecedented food crisis in some African and Asian countries. It had been the starting point for increased co-operation between WMO and FAO, geared to operational applications of meteorology to agriculture.

1.1.34 As a consequence of the conference, WMO had greatly increased its activities in the field of training, and programmes such as the AGRHYMET for the strengthening of the Agrometeorological and Hydrological Services of the Sahel, had been established in co-operation with FAO. Other important training activities had also been started in other parts of the world.

1.1.35 The World Climate Programme, which had been initiated four years previously as the result of the World Climate Conference, focused its activities on three main subjects I food, water and energy. One of its objectives was to introduce, at the national level, with special reference to the developing countries, the appropriate tools and means of analysis which would enable countries to themselves make a better appraisal of the influence of the meteorological situation on agricultural production. Many missions had been carried out by FAO and WMO jointly or separately, with that objective in mind.

1.1.36 Climatic conditions continued to jeopardize progress in food production. In light of this, every effort should be made by national Meteorological Services to collec:t and broadcast in the most efficient way possible the meteorological information necessary for the continuous monitoring of agricultural production and, more generally, for the improvement of the world's agriculture. In that connexion, it must be recognized that the communication of meteorological information, while perfectly adapted to the requirements of aviation and general meteorology, did not so far fulfil the requirements of agriculture. If it was really desired to use meteorology to

8 GENERAL SUMMARY

improve -agriculture in an operational way at national and regional levels, attention must first be paid to an exchange of meteorological information -specifically tailored to the needs of agriculture. Such information should be comprehensive, giving in a single bulletin the data on all the main parameters of interest to agriculture and covering a time scale of one day, one week or even a period of ten days.

1.1. 3 7 In conclusion, he recalled that co-operation between WMO and FAO over the past 15 years had been very close and increasingly fruitful, in particular with the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology, the World Climate Programme, the Technical Co-operation Department and within the Interagency Group on Agricultural Meteorology. He hoped that, in the future, it would be even more effective I particularly with regard to the "food" and "water" objectives of the World Climate Programme. He also hoped that better ways of improving the communication of meteorological information of interest to agriculture would be found for the benefit of humankind, with special reference to the developing countries.

1.1.38 Mr. M. A. R. Kaddoura (ASsistant Director for Science, United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization) said that, in view of the mandates of WMO and Unesco, it was natural that contacts between them should have been established from the very beginning) they had developed over" the years into close collaboration, covering various aspects related to the human environment and natural resources. The launching by last congress of the World Climate Programme and a number of developmep.ts in Unesco's programmes had given new grounds for such collaboration.

1.1.39 This long-standing co-operation currently provided a sound basis for the implementation of the World Climate Programme, for which IOC had assumed responsibility for developing and co-ordinating the relevant oceanographic studies, particularly through its activities in the field of ocean dynamics and climate. In order to assist in the planning of scientific research, it co-sponsored, with IeSU's Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), a Committee on Climatic Changes and the Ocean (CCCO). The IOC was progressively developing regional systems of tide-gauges for the measurement of sea-level, to complement satellite observations of that key parameter. Such activities were aimed at developing the scientific and technical basis for a World Ocean watch, analogous and complementary to the World Weather Watch.

1.1.40 Another area of frui tfulco-operation between the two organizations was hydrology and water resources. Co-operation in that area was based on a working agreement between the secretariats of Unesco and WMO concluded in 1973. That agreement had enabled WMO and Unesco to develop over the last ten years a regular practice of joint planning and harmonization of programmes, a good example of which had been the joint convening by Unesco and WMO of the International Conference on Hydrology ,,-nd the Scientific Bases for the -Rational Management of Water Resources, -held at Unesco Headquarters in August 1981, which had permitted member states of the" two organizations to evaluate r:ecent achievements-- and plan ~uture_ activities under their respective intergovernmental programmes- the International Hydrological programme (IHP) and the Operational Hydrology programme. Recommendations" adopted by the "conferen"ce of "particular relevance to the WMO were conveyed to Congress by the Secretary-General in" Cg~IX/Document 28. "" As regards "the recoffi\1lendation!3

GENERAL SUMMARY 9

addressed to Unesco, most of them - in particular those concerning the outline plan for the third phase of the IHP (1984-1989) - had already been incorporated in the second medium-term plan of the organization, approved in November 1982 and in the draft programme and budget for 1984-1985 to be considered by the General Conference of Unesco at its forthcoming session later in 1983.

1.1.41 Unesco attached great importance to the contribution made by WMO in the execution of the IHP. In that respect, it was pleased to note, in Cg-IX/Document 13, that the Secretary-General proposed to continue WMO's co-operation with Unesco in the field of water resources and in particular to support those IHP activities which could benefit from the competence of WMO.

1.1.42 In the broader context of the Mar del Plata Action plan adopted by the united Nations water Conference in 1977, Unesco and WMO were co-operating closely in the implementation of the section of the action plan concerned with the assessment of water resources. Recognizing the importance of the interrelationship between climate and water resources, the secretariats of WMO and Unesco had agreed to co-operate in the development of a sub-programme "water" within the framework of the World Climate programme.

1.1 .. 43 There were also other joint activities such as those within the framework of the Unesco Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. The importance of meteorological factors in the study and management of ecological systems was well known, but the ev-olution of ecosystems might constitute a valuable indicator of climatic change. That was why the Director of the World Climate Programme Department in the WMO Secretariat had recently been invited to attend a session of the MAB Bureau at Unesco Headquarters. It was agreed at that time that Unesco and WMO would develop joint activities between MAB and the World Climate Programme.

1.1.44 In conclusion, he said there was good reason to be satisfied with the present level of Unesco/WMO co-operation. Unesco was determined to continue to develop co-operation for the benefit of the member states of both organizations. In such a spirit, he wished to convey, on behalf of the Director-General of Unesco, his organization's most cordial wishes for the success of Ninth Congress.

1.1.45 Mr. M. E. Nancoo (Chief, Meteorology Section, International Civil Aviation Organization) apologized for the unavoidable absence of the Secretary-General of the International Civil Aviation Organization from the opening of Ninth Congress and conveyed the latter's best wishes for a successful meeting.

1.1.46 He noted that during the four years since the last Congress, the traditional co-operation between ICAO and WMO in the field of aeronautical meteorology had continued - the number of areas of co-operation being far too great to enumerate. The most important event during that period had been the conjoint meeting of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology with the Communications/Meteorology Divisional Meeting which had taken place in April/May 1982. At that conjoint meeting I the common regulatory material of the two organizations in the field of aeronautical meteorology had been substantially revised to make provisions for the new world Area Forecast System.. It was hoped that the planning done by the conjoint meeting would serve as a basis for significant improvements in the provision of meteorological services to modern aviation.

10 GENERAL SUMMARY

1.1.47 As further evidence of close co-operation during the preceding four years I reAO had participated in many WMO meetings, meetings of commissions and their working groups and of regional associations and their working groups, while WMO had also conducted a very successful joint regional seminar on an important aspect of aviation meteorology I namely low-level forecasting for aviation, which was a service to a significant body of civil aviation operations.

1.1.48 Co-operation between the two organizations would undoubtedly continue during the next four years. leAD looked forward to continued co-operation with the various technical commissions of WMO: with CBS on matters such as codes and the world Weather Watch and Area Forecast System co-ordination, with ClMO on instruments and methods of observation at aerodromes, with CAS on the environmental aspects of aviation, and, last but not least, with CAeM on the many aeronautical meteorology questions that needed to be resolved.

1.1.49 Finally, he thanked the president of CAeM and the WMO Secretariat for their close co-operation in the recent review by the ICAO Air Navigation Commission of the regulatory material arising out of the conjoint meeting.

1.1.50 Mr. C. Lopez-Polo (Director, Environment and Human Settlements Division of the Economic Commission for Europe), speaking on behalf of the Executive Secretary, drew attention to the long and productive working rela-" tionship between ECE and WMO, in particular in matters relating to the improvement of air quality and water resources.

1.1.51 While both Qrganizations focused on a number of issues regarding water problems, they approached them from different angles according to their terms of reference. The attention given by WMO to hydrological aspects complemented the work of the ECE on managerial, socia-economic and institutional issues. OVer the past years, close co-operation had been maintained between the two secretariats on projects of common interest. There had been exchanges of reports and studies and the annual ihter-secretariat meeting on water problems in Europe had permitted a broad exchange of information On current and planned activitieso

1.1.52 The Committee on water problems was currently undertaking a study on measures for flood management in the ECE region with a view to developing an improved basis for land-use planning and water management. particular emphasis would be given to non-structural measures for disaster prevention and preparedness, to administrative and legislative matters relating to flood control, as well as to existing methods and trends in the planning of nonstructural flood management. Another study was being elaborated on techniques and means for drought management, including the consideration of factors used in the prediction of drought events, preventive measures and remedial measures for emergency situations.

1.1.53 As in the past, each of the studies would pay due account to relevant information contained in and findings resulting from complementary studies carried out under the auspices of other international organizations, in particular WMO.

1.1.54 Although co-operation between WMO and ECE on air pollution went back to 1969 when the ECE Working Party on Air pollution Problems was created, it was greatly strengthened in 1978 when the Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Fvaluation of Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in EUrope

GENERAL SUMMARY 11

(EMEP) was initiated. The main objective of the programme was to provide governments with information on the deposition and concentration of air pollutants and on the quality and significance of pollutant fluxes across national boundaries.

1.1.55 EMEP activities were divided into two partsl chemical and meteorological. The meteorological part of EMEP was co-ordinated by WMO and two Meteorological Synthesizing centres had been designated. The Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East was located in the Institute of Applied Geophysics in Moscow and the Meteorological Synthesizing Centre West was at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Oslo. The centres' main tasks were to design, operate and - by using the measured chemical data - verify meteorological dispersion models which provided estimates of the quantity of sulphur pollution crossing national boundaries between European countries and of deposition due to local and remote sources. Through EMEP it was now possible to receive airquality data from 75 monitoring stations in 21 countries. The programme had received substantial financial support from the United Nations Environment Programme.

1.1.56 In November 1979, at the high-level meeting within the framework of ECE on the protection of the environment, a Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution was signed. The convention represented a basic legal instrument for negotiating equitable solutions to problems posed by transboundary air pollution. WMO had played an important role in the provisional implementation of the convention, particularly in the evaluation of the effects of sulphur compounds and other related pollutants in the field of visibility. The convention had been ratified by 25 signatories and had entered into force on 16 March 1983. The executive body established thereunder would meet for the first time from 7 to 10 June 1983 in Geneva.

1.1.57 In view of the proven important impact of WMO contributions to the effective implementation of activities of mutual concern, it was to be hoped that fruitful co-operation between WMO and ECE would not only be maintained, but would be strengthened.

1.1.58 Mr. P. Malekou (Secretary-General of the Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA» said that his organization was grateful to WMO for having paid tribute to the important role it had played in the WAMEX experiment. The A centre for Level lIB data had functioned satisfactorily .. SYNOP and TEMP data had been collected, controlled and stored on tapes and they currently formed an integral part of the Level lIB data at the FGGE centres in Moscow and Washington. Copies of the tapes were available to researchers in Africa and elsewhere under the most favourable conditions.

1.1~59 WWW was essential to the meteorological component of ASECNA l s work and in implementing the programme in its member countries ASECNA made use of the latest technology. Although it was primarily concerned with air navigation, ASECNA had always co-operated in meteorological development in member countries by providing them with up-to-date equipment since modern technology enabled data to be obtained with greater speed and accuracy. Turning to the question of satellite pictures, he said that ASECNA had set up its first station at Dakar in 1968 to receive pictures from the ESSA polar-orbiting satellite and subsequently another station had been established at Brazzaville in 1971. A series of APT stations had been set up and WE FAX equipment installed, thus permitting pictures to be received from METEOSAT. At present there were 13 stations receiving information, in particular from NOAA-7 and METEOSAT-2, and in the near future they would all be equipped to receive information from METEOR polar-orbiting satellites.

12 GENERAL SUMMARY

1.1.60 Ten stations were equipped with automatic meteorological observation systems for airports which measured the wind at ground level, wet and dry temperatures, low cloud height I visibility and pressure. Referring to the problem of the detection of dangerous phenomena (for example, line-squalls or storms), he said that ASECNA's scanning radars were being upgraded and modernized with up-to-date equipment. Abidjan, Bangui, Libreville and Tananarive already had 5 em radars and Bamako, Brazzaville, Dakar, Douala and Lome would receive equipment of the same type in 1984. Thirteen stations were equipped with the latest radarwind equipment and radiosQunding was automatic in all the stations.

1.1.61 At its Dakar headquarters, ASECNA had a computer centre which inter alia contained a meteorological data bank whose contribution had been invaluable in carrying out the WAMEX experiment and, at present, it enabled ASECNA to participate in the WACLIM project.

1.1.62 ASECNA' s human and material potential was available to member countries and to the international community to give meteorological assistance in other activities essential to the economic and social development of the region.

1.1.63 ASECNA had participated in the AGRHYMET programme to combat drought in the Sahel and had made available training facilities at the civil aviation training centre in Niamey (EAMAC). Elaboration of the principles for' collaboration between ASECNA and the AGRHYMET project would enable those responsible for ASECNA in the countries concerned to contribute towards implementation of the project in the field. The project wB:s in its operational phase and ASECNA and WMO had brought the protocol of agreement up to date so as to strengthen co-operation between ASECNA and the AGRHYMET centre.

1.1.64 In addition to its role in improving air navigation safety, ASECNA could render services to member countries and other African countries in all sectors in which meteorology played a role.

1.1.65 Mr. S. Kaddoura (Observer for the palestine Liberation Organi-zation) expressed his pleasure, as a meteorologist of some 40 years' standing, at representing the FLO at such an august meeting as the Ninth World Meteorological Congress. All the subjects about to be discussed, he felt, would contribute to strengthening all the various fields of meteorology and ultimately to serving the well-being of humanity. Such subjects were clearly of worldwide international importance. The Palestine Liberation Organization was interested in building up the different institutions of a Palestinian Arab state on a well-organized and firm basis. Since meteorology constituted one of those institutions it therefore received careful attention from the PLO. Accordingly, experts were sent from time to time to technical conferences so that they might keep abreast of the latest technical progress in observation and telecommunication systems through the APT and other telecommunication facili ties wi thin the context of the Integrated WWW System Study. 'l'herefore it was to be hoped that recommendations would be made and resolutions adopted to enable the PLO to receive fellowships and scholarships from WMO and WMO Member countries concerning all fields and ievels of meteorology in schools, centres and universities. The potential benefits of modern technology, including the advances made in meteorology, were in danger of being invalidated if the legitimate rights of individual peoples were not respected. The distinguished representatives and experts in the field of meteorology present at the meeting had chosen their speciality in order to serve humanity and therefore they had a more global awareness of international reality.

GENERAL SUMMARY 13

1.2 Establishment of a Credentials Committee (Agenda item 1.2)

Congress set up a Credentials Committee, composed of the following delegations:

Regional Association I. Angola, Morocco, Tanzania, Togo

Regional Association III India, Japan

Regional Association III. Peru

Regional Association IV. Costa Rica, U.S .A

Regional Association V: New Zealand

Regional ASsociation VI, Czechoslovakia, Jordan, Norway

Dr. K. Langlo (Norway) was elected chairman of the committee.

1.3 Approval of the agenda (Agenda item 1.3)

Congress approved the agenda given at the beginning of this report.

1.4 Establishment of committees (Agenda item 1.4)

The following committees were set up:

!:!2'!!!!l~t!.2!l!!._£2'.!!I!!:!:t<:.<:. (chairman; Mr. A. W. Kabakibo, Syrian Arab

Republic)

In accordance with the prov1s10ns of Regulations 24 and 25 of the General Regulations, the committee was composed of the principal delegates of the following twelve Members.

Regional ASsociation I, Algeria, Ethiopia, Mali

Regional Association II. Burma, KUwai t

Regional Association III: Uruguay

Regional Association IV. Barbados, Mexico

Regional Association V: Malaysia

Regional Association VII German Democratic Republic, Arab Republic, Sweden

Syrian

~~~~~~~_~~~~!~~~_~ (chairman, Mr. E. Randrianarison, Madagascar) (vice-chairman: Mr. Jg P. Bruce, Canada)

Agenda items';. 2.1, 2.3, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6, 9.1, 9.2. 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 10.2, 10.3

This committee reported to Congress on all these agenda items.

5.1, 10.1,

14 GENERAL SUMMARY

~~~~~~g_~~~~~~~_~ (chairman, Mr. E. Jatila, Finland) (vice-chairman: Mr. S. Alaimo, Argentina)

Agenda items, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 7, 8

This committee reported to Congress on all these agenda items with the exception of agenda item 2.1.

1.5 Report of the Credentials Committee (Agenda item 1.5)

The Credentials Committee submitted two reports concerning the credentials of the delegates of Members and those of international organizations. These reports were approved by Congress.

1.6 Approval of the Minutes (Agenda item 1.6)

The Minutes of the first five plenary meetings were approved during the session. Congress decided to approve by correspondence the Minutes of the other plenary meetings.

2. REPORTS (Agenda item 2)

2.1 Report by the President of the Organization (Agenda item 2.1)

Congress noted wi th appreciation the report by the President of the Organization and, in particular, the comprehensive information contained in the report of the progress made in the activities of the Organization during the eighth finan~ial period. Those questions in the President l s report which called for special action by Congress were considered under the appropriate items of the agenda. Congress further noted with satisfaction the action taken by the President on behalf of the Executive Committee since the thirty-fourth session of the Committee.

2.2 Report on the review of the scientific and technical structure and functioning of the Organization (Agenda item 2.2)

2.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the final report of the EC panel of Experts for the Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO which, toge.ther with the comments of EC-XXXIV, formed the basis for consideration of this item. Congress also noted that in -formulating its_ recommendations the panel had endeavoured to make proposals which, on the basis of Members' responses to two questionnaires and the views expressed at its open session, it believed to be in accordance with the wishes of the majority of Hernbers.

2.2.2 The decisions of Congress on the review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO are recorded in the following paragraphs.

2.2.3 Congress agreed that it should continue to meet at four-yearly intervals. It noted that, as a result of the panel's review, the Executive Coromi ttee had considered the possible advantages and disadvantages of introducing a two-year budget cycle within the overall four-year financial period. However, Congress decided that the annual budget cycle should be retained. Its decisions are recorded under agenda item 9.2.

GENERAL SUMMARY 15.

2.2.4 Congress recognized that the technical commission system should be the main source of scientific and technical advice within WMO. It therefore agreed that the presidents of the commissions should participate more extensively in the work of Congress and the Executive Council.

2.2.5 In addition, Congress fully supported the panel's proposals per-taining to the working methods of Congress, namely, that:

(a)

(b)

The general level of the budget should be resolved early in each session to facilitate the orderly consideration of detailed programme proposals against a background of reasonable certainty as to the level of available resources) and

The system of two working committees of Congress be retained and particular importance be attached to the process for the selection of the most competent chairmen .(and vice-chairmen) for the commi ttees.

2.2.6 The proposed measures to simplify and rationalize Congress documentation and procedures and indeed those of the Executive Council, the regional associations and the technical commissions were considered by Congress. It was noted that as a result of the panel's report and the discussions during the thirty-fourth session of the Executive Committee steps had already been taken to improve the documentation for sessions of constituent bodies. The increased use of text-processing methods should ensure even greater improvements in the future. It was agreed, that whenever possible, use shoul-d be made of "committee of the whole" rathe.r than plenary sessions for the processing of issues so as to minimize the requirement for extensive minute taking on purely procedural matters.

Executive Council

2.2.7 Congress considered and approved the panel's proposal to change the name of the Executive Committee to Executive Council. The decision is recorded under agenda item 10.1.

2.2.8 Having agreed that the technical commissions should be the main source of scientific and technical advice, Congress requested the Executive Council to ensure that as far as possible scientific and technical matters were handled within the framework of the commission system and only in exceptional circumstances by EC panels of experts. The proposals to designate a "lead" commission for particular tasks requiring activities by more than one commission and to organize conjoint sessions of technical commissions are discussed under agenda items 10.2 - Revision of the General Regulations and 5.2 - Conference programme, respectively.

2.2.9 Congress approved the proposal that the Executive Council should carry out an in-depth review of the programme of a technical commission at the session preceding the next session of the commission. When considering th~ pla!Ls and priorities suggested by the commission, the Council should provide appropriate guidance bearing in mind the overall goals of the scientific and technical programme of the Organization. To facilitate evaluation by the Executive Council of the overall scientific and technical programme, Congress agreed that a system for monitoring the progress of activities should be introduced by the commissions (see paragraph 2.2.18 below).

16 GENERAL SUMMARY

2.2.10 It was recognized that the management responsibilities and workload of the Executive Council had increased significantly over recent years. The panel's proposal to replace the Preparatory Committee of the Executive Council by three subsidiary bodies, namely a Scientific and Technical Committee, a programme and Budget Committee and a Legal and Administrative Cormnittee was discussed. Congress decided to allocate the necessary budget, but it felt that the Executive Council should be given the liberty to decide its own working arrangements for carrying out its functions.

2.2.11 Congress confirmed the panells view that, at present, there were no overriding reasons for changing the boundaries of the regional associations. It agreed that regional associations should concentrate on problems that were regional in character.

2.2.12 The proposal that more seminars and training programmes could be organized jointly for some Regions, for example for RA II and RA V and for RA III and RA IV, was endorsed and Congress requested thos~ associations and the Secretariat to bear this in mind when planning future programmes.

2.2.13 As regards the functioning - and repercussions on Members - of regional offices located in Africa and Latin America, Congress noted that this topic would be discussed under the Regional Programme. Its views are therefore recorded under agenda item 3.6.

Technical commissions

2.2.14 The decisions of Congress on the structure and terms of reference of the technical commissions are given in paragraph 10.2.11 and Resolution 47 (Cg-IX) •

2.2.15 Congress noted that the panel had proposed a number of measures, which had been endorsed by the Executive Committee, for improving the working methods of the technical commissions. It was recognized that the duties of a president of a commission were invariably extremely demanding, and that a president should be assured of the necessary support from both his country and the Secretariat to enable him to carry out his tasks effectively.

2.2.16

(a)

(b)

It was noted that two of the panel's proposals, namely,

The participation of presidents of technical commissions at sessions of Congress and the Executive Council, and

The strengthening and use of each commission's steering group (advisory working group) as an active intersession management and co-ordination tool for commission. affairs,

would require amendments to the General Regnlations. These questions were therefore considered by Congress under agenda item 10.2.

2.2.17 Congress agreed that the "open" working group system was a useful way of enabling all Members to participate in the consideration of important issues one stage earli.er than their formal processing through the commission

GENERAL SUMMARY 17

machinery.. It was noted that sessions of such groups were more costly than those of the smaller working groups. The technical commissions were therefore requested to study carefully the requirement for such a group and the bUdgetary implications involved before establishing an open working group.

2.2.18 The proposal to extend the system in which each member of a working group serves as a rapporteur for a particular aspect of the total task was fully supported by Congress. Congress also agreed that the commissions should introduce monitoring procedures to assess and evaluate the progress of the work, and requested the Secretary-General to arrange for the "Guidelines for the organization of the work of the technical commissions 1l as prepared by the panel to be included in the next edition of the "Guide to procedures and practices for regional associations, technical commissions and working groups" ..

2 .. 2 .. 19 Members I responses to the panel I s questionnaires had suggested that the organization of technical conferences, practical demonstrations, etc., in conjunction with sessions of commissions was a highly useful and effective means of ensuring the transfer of knowledge and proven methodology. Congress fully supported the panel's proposal that this practice be more widely adopted and requested the presidents of the technical commissions and the Secretariat to bear this in mind when arranging sessions of the commissions.

2.2.20 It was noted that not all Members were represented on all the technical commissions. The panel felt that reports of working groups or rapporteurs dealing with significant developments should be distributed to all Members instead of, as at present, -to members of the commission only, so as to promote wider involvement and encourage a potentially wider exchange of views. Congress endorsed this proposal as a means of fostering a greater interest in commission affairs. The maintenance of effective inter-commission communication between sessions was also considered to be of great importance and Congress requested the presidents of the commissions and the Secretariat to take steps to ensure the distribution of relevant material and information~

Secretariat

2.2.21 Congress endorsed the panel's recommendation that there should be maximum possible alignment of the Secretariat departments, WMO programmes and the appropriate constituent bodies. It noted that during 1982 the SecretaryGeneral had made a number of changes in the structure of the Secretariat to this effect.

2.2.22 It was extended. Members for this purpose.

agreed that the practice of using were encouraged to make the services

seconded experts be of experts available

-2.2.23 Congress was informed that at an early stage in its study, the panel had considered the question of greater rotation of P and D staff between the _Secretariat and Members as a means of encouraging new ideas and contact with Meteorological Services. It was noted that since 1981 the SecretaryGeneral had been taking appropriate steps to ensure the greater rotation of professional staff. Congress agreed with the panel's view that the increased rotation of staff could improve the expertise available in the Secretariat) however, it recognized the need for an "insti tutionalll memory.

18 GENERAL. SUMI'-ARY

Mechanisms for long-term planning ---------------------------------

2.2.24 It was recalled that the panel had been +equested to study mechanisms for more effective long-term planning of scientific and technical programmes within WMO. Congress noted that, as a result of the panel's recommendations, the work carried out by the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) and guidance provided by the Executive COmmittee, the first WMO Long-term plan had been prepared. The decisions of Congress on the Long-term plan are given under agenda item 7.

Relations with other international organizations ------------------------------------------------

2.2.25 The thirty-second session of the Executive Committee had requested the panel to undertake a careful review of the growing relationship between WMQ and other organizations concerned with related scientific disciplines, particularly in the field of marine activities (oceanography), so that the future structure of WMQ facilitated co-ordinated scientific and technical development.

2.2 .. 26 Congress agreed that the existing arrangements for operational oceanography had still to be improved considerably. It agreed that WMO should continue to actively encourage the co-ordinated development of marine meteorological and oceanographic networks and services under the existing joint arrangements with IOC for the implementation of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS). It was noted that the panel had included this concept in its revised terms of reference of the Commission for Marine Meteorology.

2 .. 2.27 The panel also reviewed international activities and co-operation in the field of atmospheric chemistry. It believed that issues of a regional and global scale caused by chemical contaminants in the atmosphere would be among the dominant environmental questions of the coming decade and_considered it important that recommendations of UN bodies and actions of countries be guided by sound scientific knowledge of these problems, based on an understanding of the chemical and physical processes involved. The panel considered that WMO was in the best position, of the global international agencies, to provide this essential knowledge.

2.2.28 Congress endorsed the panells views and noted the recommendation that CAS be designated as the lead commission for work in the field of atmospheric pollutants and chemistry, with assignment of responsibilities to CAgM for studies of effects of pollutants in the air and precipitation on vegetation and soils. The decisions of Congress in this regard are recorded under agenda item 10.2.

Improvement of timing of sessions of regional associations and technIcai-co;mIssIons-----------------------------------------

2.2.29 The panel had drawn attention to the problems arising for both Members and the Secretariat when sessions of the commissions and~ indeed, of all the constituent bodies were not firmly scheduled in advance. Congress discussed this matter in detail under agenda item 5 .. 2 - Conference programme.

GENERAL SUMMARY 19

2.3 Consolidated report on amendments to the Technical Regulations (Agenda item 2.3)

2.3.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the work carried out by the technical commissions and· the Executive Committee in keeping under review the Technical Regulations in their respective fields of responsibility. Five of the technical commissions had made proposals for amendments to Volumes I, II and III of the Technical Regulations. Congress also noted with satisfaction the work on further amendments to Volume II of the Technical Regulations (Chapter C.3.l) being carried out by the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology jointly with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

2.3.2 In reviewing the proposals for amendments to the Technical Regulations, Congress noted with satisfaction that all requests for studies and subsequent amendments made by Eighth Congress had been the subject of follow-up action by technical commissions and the Executive Committee. In this connexian, specific proposals for amendments had been developed and in a number of cases approval had been given by the Executive Committee on behalf of Congress in accordance with the authority given it by Eighth Congress.

2.3.3 Congress considered and noted amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing System, as proposed by the seventh and eighth sessions of the commissions for Agricultural Meteorology and for Instrument$- and Methods of Observation, respectively, and adopted by Resolutions 4 (EC-XXXII) and 12 (EC-XXXIV) I in accordance with the existing practice for adopting amendments -to annexes to the Technical Regulations. Congress r-e-affirroe-d the authority delegated to the Executive Council to approve on its behalf, amendments to annexes to the Technical Regulations.

2.3.4 Congress considered further amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing System proposed by the eighth session of the commission for Agricultural Meteorology as contained in Recommendation 2 (CAgM-VIII) and adopted the proposed amendments.

2.3.5 Congress considered amendments to the Technical Regulations, Section F and Appendix A arising from Resolution 7 (Cg-VIII) and Recommendation 17 (CIMO-VIII) and adopted the proposed amendments.

2.3.6 Congress considered and noted amendments to the Technical Regulations, Section C.2 - Meteorological services for agriculture, proposed by the seventh session of the commission for Agricultural Meteorology and adopted by Resolution 4 (EC-XXXII) in accordance with authority delegated to the commit-tee by Eighth congress. '

2.3.7 Congress further considered amendments to the Technical Regula-tions, Section C.2 - Meteorological services Hydrology, proposed by the eighth and sixth Agricultural ~!eteorology and for Hydrology, Recommendations 2 (CAgM-VIII) and 4 (CHy-VI) ments.

for agriculture and Section D -sessions of the Conunissions for respectively, as contained in

and adopted the proposed amend-

2.3.8 Congress considered amendments to the Technical Regulations, Sec-tion E Education and training, proposed by the Executive Committee and adopted the amendments giving effect to cri teria which should apply for the recognition and designation of a WMO Regional Training Centre.

20 GENERAL SUMMARY

2.3.9 Congress considered amendments to the -Technical Regulations, Volume II, proposed by the eighth session of the Commission for Basic Systems as contained in Recommendations 3 and 5 (CBS-VIII) and adopted the proposed amendments.

2.3.10 Congress considered and approved proposals by the Secretariat for adjustments in the layout and structure of the Technical Regulations to meet the needs of the World Climate Programme, particularly in the applications and climate data areas. The adjustments include a new Section B - Climatology, with Chapters B.l - Climate applications, and B.2 - Climate data, with regard to the present material on research activities, the old Chapter B.l will be included in a new Section C as Chapter C.S and the contents of Chapter B.2 will constitute a new Section F - Units used in international meteorological research programmes and during special observational periods.

2.3.11 Congress carefully examined and consolidated all the amendments to the Technical Regulations proposed by the technical commissions and referred to it by the Executive Committee as discussed in the preceding paragraphs I the comments made during Congress by delegates and presidents of technical commissions were taken into account. Consequently, a text for amendments to Volumes I, II and III was developed as indicated in the preceding paragraphs and Resolution 1 (Cg-IX) was adopted.

3. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMMES (Agenda item 3)

3.1 World weather watch programme (Agenda item 3.1)

3.1.1

3.1.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS). It also noted with satisfaction the activities of CBS, in particular the recommendations of the eighth session of CBS, as regards the further development and implementation of the WWW as well as the co-ordination of the support given by the WWW to other WMO and international programmes. Congress agreed to the work programme of CBS relating to planning for the future.

3.1.1.2 Congress reviewed the status of the implementation of the World Weather Watch as given in the Eleventh Status Report on the Implementation of the WWW, which was submitted by the president of WMO on behalf of the Executive Committee, in accordance with Resolution 5 (Cg-VIII). Congress noted with appreciation that the Eleventh Status Report contained an exhaustive analysis of the development of WWW during the eighth financial period and also provided a critical review of the state of operation of the WWW.

3.1.1.3 Congress expressed its satisfaction that substantial progress had been achieved in some areas of the three components of the WWW, i.e. GOS, GDPS and GTS, during the last four-year period. Valuable meteorological information obtained from meteorological satellites (polar-orbiting and geostationary), numerical prediction by highly sophisticated computer systems and improved transmissions of meteorological information through~ some parts of the

GENERAL SUMMARY 21

GTS were several examples of achievements of the WWW. It noted that continuous activities of Members and the Secretariat concerning the monitoring of the operation of the WWW had resulted in significant improvements in the operation of the WWW.

3.1.1.4 Congress noted with concern, however, that some deficiencies in the operation of the www still existed, e. g. a decrease in the number of upper-air observations, delayed reception of meteorological information, nonavailability of important output products of WMCs and RMCs at certain NMCs. Congress felt that quick remedial action should be taken in order to overcome these deficiencies in the operation of the WWW. Therefore, serious problems which could not be remedied by Members concerned should be communicated to the Secretary-General, so that appropriate co-ordinated action through assistance by donor countries and WMO technical assistance resources could be considered.

3.1.1.5 Congress stressed the important and central role training had in maintaining the efficient and effective operation of the www. strong support was given to ensuring that training programmes received proper emphasis throughout the WWW. In particular, it was recognized that the desired benefits could not be obtained from new technology unless adequate training was provided on data use, system operations and maintenance.

3.1.1.6 Congress emphasized that www was the basic WMO programme and that www activities were essential in implementing all other WMO programmes as well as international programmes established jointly by WMO and other organizations. Congress was of the firm opinion that the highest priority in the WMO budgetary allocation should be given to the WWW programme. In particular, support should be made available for implementation and remedial action to improve WWW facilities in developing countries as well as for training purposes in order to achieve further progress in the operation of the WWW.

3.1.1.7 Congress noted with great appreciation that EC-XXXIV had requested the Secretary-General to convene an Informal Planning Meeting (IPM) on WWW Policy and Long-term Development strategy and that it had been held in December 1982. Congress expressed satisfaction and general agreement with the conclusions of the IPM submitted by the President of WMO on behalf of the Executive Committee. congress also noted that the comments and views provided by Members and by CBS-VIII generally supported the wide range of recommendations concerning WWW policy and development strategy and the planning for an improved WWW through the Integrated WWW System Study (ISS).

3.1.1.8 Congress, while endorsing the recommendations of the IPM which were included in the WWW plan for 1984-1987, stressed specifically, as an important part of WWW policy and development strategy, the need to use all possible ways and means to improve the WWW system especially in the tropics and the sub-tropical areas. The diminishing of gaps and shortcomings in observing net\\lorks, telecommunication systems and data-processing facilities would be of great benefit to all participants in the WWW.

3.1.1.9 Congress considered the draft WWW plan for 1984-1987, submitted by the President of WMO on behalf of the Executive Committee, at the request of Ei ghth Congress.

22 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.1.10 Congress congratulated the president of CBS on his excellent overall guidance in the preparation of the draft plan by CBS-VIII with the assistance of the Secretariat. Congress noted further that CBS-VIII 1 when formulating the final draft of the WWW plan, had taken into consideration the conclusions and recommendations of the Informal Planning Meeting on WWW Policy and Long-term Development Strategy (Geneva, December 1982) and had included substantial parts of the relevant recommendations in the plan.

3.1.1.11 Congress expressed its great satisfaction that the draft plan had been based on the same directives and principles as the previous one, thereby maintaining continuity in the evolution of the WWW. Congress was of the opinion that the draft plan showed in a balanced way new technological opportunities which, when applied, could allow WMO Members to accomplish the objectives of the WWW in a more effective, simpler and often less costly manner than had been possible during earlier planning periods. Congress also expressed its satisfaction at the inclusion in the plan of two new parts, namely the Integrated WWW System Study and the WWW Implementation Support Activity, as an important support element of the WWW system.

3.1.1.12 Congress particularly reaffirmed the following principles as basic guidelines for the further development and improvement of the WWW, namely.

( a)

( b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

( g)

The World Weather Watch programme is the fundamental programme of WMO and the implementation of the WWW plan has the highest priority during the 1984-1987 financial periodJ

The major purpose of the WWW is the provision of meteorological data and output products to national Meteorological Services in support of their services at the national level,

The implementation and operation of the WWW are based on Members' voluntary contributions of their national facilities and components for observing, data-processing and telecommunication systems required for the adequate functioning of the WWW system,

Data and products available within the WWW system should be exchanged freely and without charge between Members in accordance with approved procedures and within the limits of the. agreed WWW system,

The establishment and operation of specific \\'WW components and facilities over ocean areas or within remote areas should be implemented through co-operative arrangements and mechanisms between Members or groups of Members with the support of the WMO Secretariat,

Meteorological satellites, both polar-orbiting and geostationary, in their observation, data-collection and dissemination roles, are of fundamental importance to the ·operation of the WWW,

WWW should continue to support, within the limits of the WWW system, other WMO programmes, particularly the World Climate Programme-, as well as relevant programmes of reAD, roc and of other international organizations, through close co-operation with those primarily responsible for these programmes.

GENERAL SUMMARY 23.

3.1.1.13 By Resolution 2 (Cg-IX) Congress adopted the WWW plan for 1984-1987. The Secretary-General was requested to publish the plan after the necessary final editing and to ensure, in particular I consistency with WMO Technical Regulations, and that the provisions of the WWW plan were reflected in the WMO Long-term Plan for 1984-1993.

3.1.1.14 In adopting the WWW plan for 1984-1987 Congress further emphasized that the Integrated WWW System Study (ISS), as described in part IV of the plan, was one of the major WWW activities during the period 1984-1987. Congress stressed in particular that.

(a)

(b)

(c)

( d)

(e)

(f)

( g)

The ISS was an important intensification of the continuous process for the further evolution of the current WWW system through an integrated and balanced planning for the inclusion of appropriate new technology into the system for the benefit of all Members,

The objective of the ISS was therefore to improve the present system and proven existing www components should not be eliminated until replacement systems had been fully tested and their essentiality to the improved WWW had been documented. The ability of Members to employ new technology must be an important part of the study)

As part of the WWW system planning, provision should be made in the design to ensure that a catastrophic failure of one system would not eliminate completely a set of data or output products critical to national Services,

Although highest priority within the ISS was given to the improvement of WWW components on a global scale for weather prediction up to several days ahead, special consideration must also be given to developing www sub-systems and components required for improved short-range forecasting of meso-scale atmospheric features,

cost-effectiveness studies focused on possible adoption of specific new facilities or components in the improved WWW system should be given high priority in parallel with individual technical studies. The operational implementation of new systems should not await completion of the ISS but should be incorporated into the WWW as soon as practicable)

Studies on output products and user interface should be intensified and should be aimed at a more satisfactory provision of products and data to Members. principles which should govern the organization and optimum structure of the network of GDPS centres in an integrated WWW system should receive particular study,

There was an urgent need to study and identify the reasons for existing shortcomings in the implementation and operation of GOS, GTS and GDPS components, in particular in the tropics and subtropics. The ISS should formulate, with the active participation of experts from Regions concerned, realistic development and implementation plans to raise the WWW in these Regions to an adequate operational level.

24 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.1.15 Congress agreed that by mid-1985 the ISS should have completed the significant technical and cost-effectiveness studies which would allow CBS to consider in late 1985 the plan for an improved WWW to the year 2000 and an implementation programme for the period 1986-1991, including a time-table for actions and the resources required. Congress decided on the necessary budgetary arrangements for the successful conduct of the Integrated WWW System Study during the next financial period. (See agenda item 8.)

3.1.1.16 Congress noted with great concern the serious difficulties many Members, especially in the tropical areas, were experiencing in implementing, operating and maintaining their basic WWW facilities especially within the ~bserving and telecommunication sub-systems. Besides requirements for instruments and equipment, a strong need existed for training for all classes of meteorological personnel. particular attention should be focused on specialized training in maintenance and operation of meteorological instruments and telecommunication equipment. Training seminars and workshops, in certain areas, on practical GOS and GTS operational procedures were considered to be of utmost importance for achieving an adequate operational standard of the WWW. Members from developing countries expressed their concern that the introduction of more advanced technology could further widen the gap in the WWW implementation levels between Members and stressed the need for more extensive and co-ordinated WWW support activities.

3.1.1.17 Congress was of the strong opinion that special emphasis must be placed on Members I requirements for implementation suppo_rt, as stated by many developing countries, wpen designing and implementing the plans for an improved WWW system. In this respect the organized and co-ordinated exchange of knowledge, proven methodology and developed means among Members, through the new WWW Implementation Support Activity, as described in the WWW plan for 1984-1987, was considered to be a prerequisite for the effective implementation of an improved WWW. A strong training component, based on specific regional requirements, would be an essential part of such WWW implementation support. The exchange of experts between Member countries should be given special attention in an attempt to pool national resources. congress requested the Executive council and the Commission for Basic Systems to pay particular attention to these aspects and to promote this activity by all possible means.

3.1.1.18 Congress emphasized that intensified activities were needed during the 1984-1987 financial period in support of the operation and establishment of.

(a)

(b)

~M facilities in extra-territorial areas)

WWW facilities of specific importance to regional or global WWW

operations)

and to take special temporary measures to support the maintenance and continued operation of existing vi tal WWW key· elements when an interruption in the operation of such a facility caused serious disturbances to WWW regional or global operations (see paragraphS 3.1.1.19 and 3.1.1.20 below).

3.1.1.19 Congress confirmed Co-operation Programme (VCP) recognized the need for more

the great importance of the WMO voluntary in the improvement of WWW operations but

effective VCP procedures. Congress therefore

GENERAL SUMMARY 25

requested the Executive Council -to examine the present VCP mechanism and to establish more efficient VCP· arrangements for the period 1984-1987, in particular through more co-ordinated efforts and with a broader support from donors. Such arrangements could includel

(a) Specific VCP implementation priorities in Regions or sub-regions with particular shortcomings in GOS and GTS facilities and their operation and maintenance)

(b) Arrangements for a separate component of the VCP!F, on an experimental basis during the 1984-1987 financial period, for provision of temporary emergency support to ensure continued operation and maintenance of certain vital WWW key components in response to the overall system requirements)

(c) Active' introduction of the concept of co-ordinated VCP projects for groups of Members within the VCP framework for the elimination of existing disparities in the assistance provided and for achieving a more uniform implementation of WWW components.

3.1.1.20 congress therefore requested the Executive Council to identify the criteria and priorities for vital GOS and GTS key facilities which CQuld, in special cases of outages with serious effects on the WWW operations I on a tem.porary basis, receive support for continued operation of the facility concerned. Congress decided that a separate component of the VCP!F should be identified for such emergency. support within the WWW Implementation Support Activity on an experimental basis during the financial period 1984-1987 and recorded its decision in Resolution 3 (eg-IX).

3.1.1.21 Congress, being aware that relatively few Members were donors to the VCP, urged Members to find appropriate means for increased participation as donors in the Voluntary Co-operation Programme. Congress also urged Members having training requirements to make full use of all the fellowships offered by various donors.

3.1.2

3.1.2.1 Congress noted the increasing difficulty Members were having in maintaining GOS operations. Strong support was given to improving the efficiency of the GOS as well as increasing its ability to provide the required data. Congress also noted -the difficulties which Members were having in the maintenance of their instrumentation. New technology offered great promise in both regards, but must be implemented carefully to ensure that a proper mix was maintained and that further deterioration was not a result of a too rapid transition.

3.1.2.2 Congress noted with appreciation the efforts of some Members in continuing to deploy drifting and moored buoys and agreed to encourage Members to continue national buoy programmes, to expand them and to establish new programmes as a contribution to the GOS. It also requested the Executive council to establish a mechanism for the more effective co-ordination of efforts by Members. In this connexion, Congress noted with satisfaction the close co-operation between WMO and IOC and other international organizations concerned on this matter.

26 GENERAL SUMMARY

3~1.2.3 Congress took note of the steps being taken by Members and satellite operators to continue· and -to implement meteorol-ogical satellite programmes. Congress noted with appreciation statements made on plans for the continuation of meteorological satellite programmes as outlined in the WWW plan for the period 1984-1987.

3.1.2.4 With regard to the surface-based sub-system, Congress received with great appreciation the report on ASDAR by the chairman of the Consortium on ASDAR Development and the report on the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP).

3.1.2.5 With respect to ASDAR, Congress was informed that production units would be available by mid-1985 and that, initially, upwards of 50 units would be placed in service, beginning in late 1985. Eight Members of WMO were participating in this programme which was considered to be a model for early implementation of proven technology. congress also took note that the Interim Committee of ASDAR participants (ICAP) had prepared important recommendations on the operation-al aspects of the world-wide implementation of this system. Congress expressed its desire that the appropriate steps be taken to ensure that the plans were completed and necessary facilities implemented to support the operational ASDAR system. Members were encouraged to participate more actively in the establishment of an operational ASDAR programme by purchasing ASDAR units and requesting airlines to carry these units.

3.1.2.6 Members expressed strong interest in the report by Canada on the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP), a joint experiment with the U.S.A. to evaluate a sounding system which uses NAVAID s.ignals for wind finding. It was recalled that such equipment had initially been used as a special observing system for FGGE, and that considerable refinements had since been made in the Federal Republic of Germany and Finland, as well as in North America. The system described in the report could be operated, with high reliabili ty, by a ship' s officer with on-the-job training only, even in adVerse sea conditions in the North Pacific. The low cost as compared with the operation of fixed or dedicated ships was noted especially.

3.1.2.7 In considering the reports on both ASDAR and ASAP, the value of upper-air data obtained from such systems over ocean areas was noted for both regional and global purposes. Special conside~ation was given to the value of such data in the calibration of satellite temperature soundings, especially in cloudy areas. The possibility was also noted that the ASAP system could be operated on land by persons without the intensive technical training required by present systems.

3.1.2.8 Congress, therefore, took careful note of Resolution 6 (Cg-VIII) and Recommendation 2 (CBS-VIII) which encouraged the further development of both ASDAR and ASAP-type equipment, and agreed that both areas should be given maximum encouragement.

3.1.2.9 Congress adopted Resolution 4 (Cg-IX).

3.1.2.10 Congress noted with appreciation the efforts made by a few Members to finance and operate the North Atlantic Ocean Stations (NAOS). However, it was noted with concern that difficulties in maintaining the present NAOS scheme might arise in the near future due to mounting costs which have to be borne by a decreasing number of participating Members. From the preliminary resul ts of observing system studies, it appeared that a NAOS scheme would continue to play an important role in a composite optimized observing system.

GENERAL SUMMARY 27.

There was ·a strong feeling that wider participation in a NAOS scheme and other observing system efforts in ocean areas was essential for a more even distribution of the financial burden.

3.1.3

3.1.3.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that encouraging progress had been made by Members in the further development and upgrading of GDPS facili ties. Congress was in agreement that one of the important recent developments in the GDPS centres was the introduction by many Members of automated GDPS functions, including use of computers for numerical weather prediction, conversion of GRID values to pictorial form products and storage and retrieval functions.

3.1.3.2 Congress expressed its concern, however, that deficiencies in manpower and equipment at GDPS centres still existed in developing countri.es with the consequent result that such Members could not reap the benefits of the information obtained from www at the national level.

3.1.3.3 Congress reaffirmed its belief that national Meteorological Services could benefit considerably from www through proper use of the GDPS. It noted that it was essential that NMCs were adequately manned and equipped, where feasible with modern "data-processing equipment for automation of dataprocessing, storage and archiving functions, so as to expand their operations and provide their users w_i th better products and .services. Congres_s urged Members who had not as yet introduced modern data-processing facilities to make further efforts with available resources and where necessary seek assistance in order to implement such facilities. In this connexion, Congress noted that due to liroi ted resources, especially in developing countries, it was important that data-processing facilities should be developed and implemented as an_ integrated system catering for both real-time and non-real-time functions and should particularly support the activities of NMCs in respect of information services provided for users. The need for development of user interface for important application programmes was especially stressed.

3.1.3.4 Congress noted that where implementation of GDPS facilities by individual -Members was not practicable for the time being, re-grouping of countries into SUb-regions to implement certain key GDPS facilities should be considered.

3.1.3.5 To facilitate real-time improvement of data-processing products, Congress. considered that quality control procedures should be developed and implemented further, including procedures for referring back the results of such quality control to the source of data or products.

3.1.3.6 Congress noted with appreciation the provision in the WWW plan 1984-1987 for a new component entitled WWW Implementation Support Activity and reaffirmed the need for this. component to be adequately funded to support implementation and upgrading of the _WWW. In this connexion, the SecretaryGeneral was requested to identify the critical areas of deficiency in dataprocessing facilities with a view to aiding Members who request assistance in formulating proposals to donor Members.

28 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.3.7 Congress was informed of the action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General in arranging for consultations with technical commissions and with leAD and IMO in order to reach agreement on a single unit of wind speed for use in meteorological messages intended for international exchange before the date adopted by leAD for introduction of the unit kilometre per hour, i.e. 26 November 1981. Congress noted that these consultations clearly showed that the provisions of Annex 5 of the leAD Convention and provisions agreed to by the IMO Sub-committee on Safety of Navigation, on units for wind speed, could not be reconciled with the decision of Congress for the use of metres per second as the sale unit for wind speed as set forth in Resolution 30 (Cg-V) and the abridged report of the Eighth Congress, general summary, paragraph 3.1.2.14. Congress agreed, therefore, that formal action at the level of the respective governing bodies of the international organizations concerned would be required.

3.1.3.8 Congress considered the various options proposed by the thirty-fourth session of the Executive Committee as submitted by the president of WMO. In this connexion, Congress agreed, as a formal action in this regard, that WMD, ICAD and IMD should jointly approach member countries/states through Ministers of Foreign Affairs (External Relations) and/or other relevant ministers to seek a single national view which would be the official position of that member country/state in all three organizations, if a majo-· rity position emerged the three organizations might then move towards implementation of the majority view at an agreed date. Congress decided that prior to agreement being reached as a result of the preceding course of action, WMD would maintain the present procedures (198·3), i.e. the use of metres per second or knots as appropriate.

3.1.3.9 DUring the discussions, the ICAD observer informed Congress that the provisions of leAD Annex 5 - Units of measurement to be used in air and ground communications - had become applicable on 26 November 1981 and that therefore ICAD Contracting States could use knots or kilometres· per hour for aeronautical purposes until some time after 1990, after which kilometres per hour alone would be used. He indicated that what was wanted by ICAD was that the necessary changes be made in ICAD Annex 3/WMD Technical Regulations to bring them into alignment with Annex 5 and that the necessary changes be made to the aeronautical meteorological code provisions.

3.1.3.10 The decisions of Congress on this matter were incorporated in Reso-lution 5 (Cg-IX).

3.1.4

3.1.4.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that encouraging progress had. been made in the further implementation and upgrading of the GTS. At present, 225 circuits out of 267 planned circuits of the GTS had been established. The number of satellite/cable circuits was 145 and eleven circuits were operating with 9,600 bit/s multiplexed channels. congress also noted that the automation of the GTS centres had been introduced by many Members in order to enable the GTS centres to handle increased amounts of traffic On the GTS. At present three WMCs, ten RTHs, two RMCs not associated with RTHs and sixteen NMCS had been automated and, in addition, five RTHs and eight NMCs had plans for automation in the very near future.

GENERAL SUMMARY 29

3.1.4.2 congress expressed its concern, however, that serious shortcomings still existed in some parts of the tropical zone and southern hemisphere, which were mainly due to financial difficulties faced by many countries, e.g. aged telecommunication equipment or old cable systems could not be renewed or H.F. radio could not be replaced by more reliable communication systems. It also noted with concern that certain deficiencies in national data collection in various countries posed very serious problems. Congress also recognized that in the southern hemisphere and tropical areas most Members had only a single connexion to the MTN and, in order to ensure increased reliability, the provision of alternative routein9_was desirable.

3.1.4.3 Congress further noted that upgrading of the GTS circuits had been achieved by several countries,. however, the GTS centres in many developing countries had experienced little development in telecommunication technology. Congress felt that the WMO Members should give further consideration to the increasing use of telecommunication capabilities (WEFAX and DCP) of meteorological satellites, in order that developing countries could benefit through satellite techniques by receiving rapidly and regularly the output products they needed from WMCs and RMCs.

3.1.4.4 Congress noted that a roving seminar on GTS operation and monitoring in the zones of responsibility of the RTHs Lusaka and Nairobi was held in Nairobi in March 1983. The purpose of this seminar was to improve the operation of the GTS and acquaint the participants with GTS operation and procedures for monitoring the operation of the GTS as well as to initiate remedial action to overcome deficiencies revealed from the monitoring survey carried out during the seminar. Congress recognized that this type of seminar had resulted in considerable improvement in the operation of the GTS without major investment or acquisition of new telecommunication equipment. Congress noted that another seminar on GTS operation and monitoring for all RA III countries would be held in Buenos Aires in September 1983. Congress was of the opinion that this type of seminar should be held as far as possible in various places in order to identify critical deficiencies in the operation of the GTS and initiate quick remedial action.

3.1.5 Monitoring the operation of the WWW and operational information ~~!y!g~-TAgenda-rtern-3:i:5)------------------------------------

3.1.5.1 Congress reviewed the summarized results of monitoring the operation of the WWW carried out during the eighth financial period, as given in the Eleventh Status Report on the Implementation of the WWW. It noted that the plan for monitoring the operation of the WWW specified activities comprising real-time and non-real-time monitoring as well as follow-up action to improve the operation of the WWW. Congress noted that a number of Members had carried out real-time monitoring and had initiated procedures for follow-up action concerning, e.g., checks on the non-receipt of observational data and correction of telecommunication format. Congress felt that all Members should be encouraged to implement real-time monitoring at their centres, in order to take immediate corrective action on the spot.

3.1.5.2 Congress noted that major activities of non-rea I-time monitoring were the annual global monitoring carried out in October every year and specific monitoring surveys in problem areas or concerning specific types of information carried out during other periods of the year. Congress also noted that the results of the annual global monitoring indicated that about 1600 SYNOP and 510 TEMP reports were exchanged regularly on the GTS for each observation

30 GENERAL SUMMARY

time. In addition, about 4300 SHIP and 2500 AIREP data were exchanged globallyon a daily basis. It was noted, however, that there were serious gaps in the. a:,ailabi~ity of ships I weather reports in the south-eastern parts of the Pac~f~c and 1n the southern parts of the Indian Ocean. It was felt that the collection and distribution of ships' weather reports would be improved by the use of satellite communications, such as INMARSAT and data-collection capabilities of meteorological satelliteso

3.1.5.3 Congress recognized that some significant discrepancies existed in the availability of observational data between different centres, and that these discrepancies were caused by the different criteria for accepting observational data at various centres. Congress noted with satisfaction that the Commission for Basic Systems had initiated the necessary action, through its Working Group on the GTS, in order to develop procedures to overcome these deficiencies.

3.1.5.4 Congress expressed its concern at the decreasing availability of observations, in particular upper-air observations, shown from the recent monitoring results. It noted that causes of this decrease were due to the non-operation of observing stations, non-implementation or outages of telecommunication circuits.

3.1.5.5 Congress noted that a new element had been introduced in the operational information service since April 1982, in accordance with the recommen-· dation of the sixth CBS Advisory Working Group. This new element was a monthly operational letter containing all operational changes and notifications concerning WWW operations. The letter is issued in addition to the weekly METNO/WIFMA messages and the supplement services of the WMO operational publications. Congress noted with satisfaction that CBS-VIII had affirmed that this scheme was very successful in ensuring that all the necessary information concerning WWW operations was received regularly by Members in order to assist them. in their routine work of the WWW operation. In this connexion, congress urged Members to send to the Secretariat, whenever necessary, updated information concerning the various volumes of WMO Publication No.9.

3.1. 5.6 Congress noted that, in conjunction with the issue of the www monthly operational letters, CBS-VIII had agreed that the issue of supplements to Volume C be made every two months rather than on a monthly basis. congress reaffirmed the decision of CBS-VIII in this regard and requested the Secretary-General to take the necessary action in this respect.

3.1.6

3.1.6.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of CMM, Dr. K. P. Vasiliev, and the work accomplished by his Commission.

3.1.6.2 Congress expressed satisfaction regarding the response of many Members to the challenge of providing new marine meteorological and oceanographic products to meet the increasing requirements of the marine user community. However, Congress felt that the full potential of the marine meteorological services programme could not be realized unless all Members responsible for the issue of weather and sea bulletins were able to implement their

GENERAL SUMMARY 31

responsibili ties as specified in the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services. It appreciated the fact that an increasing number of developing countries were assuming international responsibility for providing such services and that these countries should be aided through the transfer of knowledge and appropriate assistance programmes. Congress also stressed the importance of the co-ordination of marine meteorological services at regional levels.

3.1.6.3 Congress emphasized the need for developing special analysis and forecast techniques for application to high seas and offshore areas, including wave forecasting. In this relation, Congress noted with satisfaction that the eighth session of CMM had proposed the establishment of a WMO wave programme and that the Executive Committee had appropriated the necessary funds for the initiation of this programme.

3.1.6.4 Congress noted with interest that the eighth session of CMM had slightly modified the provisions governing the preparation and publication of marine climatological summaries which had orginally been laid down by Fourth Congress in 1963 in its Resolution 35 (Cg-IV). It felt that decadal summaries in tabular or chart form would meet the needs of most users of marine climatological data. congress considered that the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme would make an important contribution to the World Climate Programme. However, it was of the opinion that the exchange of marine climatological data needed to be improved in respect of data collection as well as in making available the collected data to countries wishing to receive them.

3.1.6.5 Congress agreed that the application of marine climatological data and information should receive more attention than it had hitherto. It noted that some countries were active in this field and felt that their experience in the application of marine climatological information should be ascertained and documented for circulation to Members of WMO as guidance material.

3.1.6.6 Congress noted the various achievements in the field of operational sea ice services which had taken place under the auspices of WMO, e.g. the sea ice nomenclature, codes, symbols, symposia and information publications. It expressed satisfaction that the eighth session of CMM had arranged for meeting the requirements for sea ice data stated by various WMO programmes such as the marine meteorological services programme and the World Climate Programme. Congress noted that this emphasis would call for improvements in methods of acquisition, exchange, processing, storage and dissemination of sea ice data.

3.1.6.7 Congress adopted Resolution 6 (Cg-IX) on the marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities which should serve as guidelines for the Organization during the ninth financial period.

3.1.6.8 Congress noted with interest that a large variety of observing platforms and new observation techniques had been used over the past ten years for the acquisition of marine meteorological and related oceanographic data, such as anchored and drif~ing buoys, mobile upper-air stations, satellites and automatic measuring and transmitting devices Co It emphasized that data from all· marine observational platforms should be transmitted promptly over the GTS for those data to be of use for forecasting purposes. congress requested CMM and Members of WMO to promote the aims of WWW by seeking the continued cooperation of the marine community in obtaining observations by installing, when appropriate, automated systems of surface and upper-air measurements.

32 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.6.9 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee to integrate the new observing techniques used during the FGGE into the Global Observing System, inter alia, drifting buoys. It further noted that limited national and regional drifting buoy programmes were being successfully implemented and that the annual meeting on the Argos Global Tariff Agreement organized in co-operation with the Service Argos had been a prime factor in the promotion of these programmes. It noted with pleasure the large growth in the number of drifting buoy data exchanged over the GTS in DRIBU code form and hoped that this trend would continue.

3.1.6.10 Congress noted with satisfaction that action had been taken to explore the possibilities offered by modern communication capabilities, particularly those offered by geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satelli tes, INMARSAT and the Service Argos for the collection of ocean data. It welcomed the fact that WMO and INMARSAT had established a joint mechanism to consider technical, financial and administrative questions of common interest and that a consultative meeting had already taken place.

3.1.6.11 Congress was of the opinion that the expanded use of INMARSAT would have a considerable impact on the future of the WMO marine data collection scheme and that CMM together with CBS should remain the focal points for the development of new procedures and regulations. Such 'Work should be carried out in close consultation with Members operating INMARSAT coast Earth Stations (CES). In this connexion, Congress recognized that, for a number of years to come ~ the dual use of INMA.RSAT and the Maritime Mobile Service would be maintained and that .the procedures to be developed by CMM should ensure that both developed and developing countries benefited equally from the use of INMARSAT.

3.1.6.12 Congress adopted Resolution 7 (Cg-IX) on this subject.

3.1.6.13 Congress observed that IGOSS was developing steadily in close coordination with the World Weather Watch and the marine meteorological services programme, and, in this connexion, noted with appreciation the review report submi tted by the chairman of the Joint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS, Mr. G. L. Holland. It further noted with satisfaction the fact that the participation of Members in IGOSS had grown from a few Members in the early seventies to over forty Members in 1ge2. Congress was informed that the status report on IGOSS implementation in 1ge2 contained many planned activities by Members which should contribute to the further implementation of the programme.

3.1.6.14 Congress noted that the new IGOSS General Plan and Implementation programme 1ge2-lgeS placed the highest priority on the development of the IGOSS Observing System. It recognized that, as data originating from the IGOSS system were becoming increasingly important for operational meteorological purposes, as well as for research purposes such as for the World Climate Programme, eVery effort should be made to improve the BATHY/TESAC data base.

3.1.6.15 Resolution 8 (Cg-IX) was adopted.

GENERAL SUMMARY 33

Co-operative ocean programmes/projects with ICC and the Interse~retariat committee for scientific -Programmes Relating -t~ oceano-~~~J#~~l-------------------------

3.1.6.16 Congress noted with satisfaction that the WMO Secretariat's participation in the Inter-secretariat Committee for Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanography (ICSPRO) and in co-operative projects with ICC had been fruitful. Congress further noted that WMO continued to collaborate closely with other international agencies concerned with international marine activities, in particular, UN, UNEP, FAD, Unesco, IMO and IHO.

3.1.6.17 As ICC is used by ICSPRO agencies as a common mechanism for ocean-related activities and is therefore supported by these agencies in terms of staffing, Congress decided to continue the secondment of an officer to the ICC Secretariat and to contribute half the cost of employing a secretary for this officer.

!c0~g=-ter!!: ~n~ ~x£a~d~dYE.0.P'~~e _o! ~G~a~.!::. .!!>'£l~,-r~t~o~ ~n~ ~e~e~r.!::.h _ (!cE~O~)

3.1.6.18 In relation to further co-operation between WMO and ICC in projects undertaken within the framework of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEPOR), Congress noted that the twelfth session of the ICC Assembly (Paris, November 1982) had adopted a resolution concerning procedures and mechanisms for updating LEPOR in two phases. It further noted that the ultimate goal would be the preparation of a document in 1984, with the assistance of inter-agency consultations, setting out proposals for presentation to the united Nations General Assembly through ECOSCC. congress requested the Secretary-General to arrange for appropriate WMO participation in the updating ofLEPOR, as necessary.

United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea

3.1.6.19 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Secretary-General to bring its Resolution 16 (Cg-VIII) to the attention of the chairman of the Third Committee of the conference, Ambassador A. Yankov. congress was pleased to learn that Ambassador Yankov had informed the SecretaryGeneral that he completely shared the view of Eighth Congress that an adequate marine meteorological data coverage, including areas in the Exclusive Economic Zone, was indispensable for the issue of timely and accurate storm warnings for the safety of navigation as well as for the protection of life and property in coastal and offshore areas. In his report to the conference he stated that, in his view, the pertinent provi~ions of the convention on marine scientific research would not create any difficulties and obstacles for WMO's operational and research activities over the oceans as these had already been recognized as routine activities within the terms of reference of WMO, and were of common interest to all countries with an undoubted universal significance. Congress agreed that this view allayed the concern expressed by Eighth Congress.

3.1.6.20 Congress noted that there were a number of questions in the Convention on the Law of the Sea associated with the WMO ' s activities over the ocean, such as those related to technology transfer (education and training), deployment and installation of observational platforms, e.g. towers, buoys both moored and drifting), and observational activities by research ships. It therefore deemed it necessary that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea be studied with a view to informing the United Nations and Members of

34 GENERAL SUMMARY

WMO on the possible implications of the convention on the ocean-related activities of WMO. Further, it noted that Part XVII - Final provisions, Article 305 Signature, provides for the signature of the convention by international organizations under certain conditions as specified in Annex IX of the convention and considered this to be a matter which may have to be discussed within WMO in the future. Resolution 9 (Cg-IX) was adopted.

3.1. 7 Aeronautical meteorology, including the report of the president of g~~~-(Age~d;-ite;-3:i:7)-------------------------------------------

3.1.7.1 Congress considered, under this item, the report by the president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology and the document submitted by the Secretary-General on the Aeronautical Meteorology programme for the ninth financial period. Congress noted with appreciation the report by the president of CAeM and expressed its satisfaction at the excellent work carried out by the Commission since Cg-VIII.

3.1.7.2 Congress recognized the importance of aeronautical meteorology in the day-to-day activities of the national Meteorological Services as well as the important role they were called upon to play in ensuring the safety, efficiency and economy of air operations. At the same time, it noted that there was a marked growth in general aviation, including helicopter operations for special purposes. In this connexion, Congress took note of the developments' which were taking place in aeronautical meteorology, where more and more demands were being placed on Meteorological Services for the speedy provision of accurate and specialized types of information, both observations and forecasts, for flight planning and operations. In this respect, the need was recognized to improve forecasting techniques for upper winds and temperatures and aerodrome conditions in order to make further fuel savings possible. congress agreed that there was an urgent need for a continuous effort in the further development of the scientific, technical and procedural aspects of aeronautical meteorology, in particular, assistance to developing countries to strengthen their capabilities for providing adequate meteorological services for aviation. This called for studies of the scientific and technical developments in the fields of airport meteorological observing systems and forecasting techniques and the provision of appropriate guidance material, equipment and/or expert services, where necessary, for the benefit of meteorological services. Congress noted that human intervention still played an important role in the provision of meteorological services for aviation. In this respect special attention should continue to be given to adequate training of personnel engaged in aeronautical meteorology. This should include theoretical courses as well as on-the .... job training, refresher courses and familiarization flights. The importance of co-operative training activities, in particular for developing countries, was underlined.

3.1.7.3 Congress laid particular stress on the implementation of the WWW facilities needed to support the World Area Forecast System. It was mentioned that to improve the quality of aviation forecasts, it was necessary to remedy the deficiencies in the GOS and the GTS. In this context full co-ordination of WWW and WAFS would be of paramount importance to avoid duplication and a waste of resources. CAeM should, in co-operation with CBS, continue its efforts in this field towards implementation of a system which was capable of meeting aeronautical requirements. Congress also noted with appreciation the close co-operation which ICAO had extended to WMO and reiterated its policy that the activities in this field should continue to be undertaken in full collaboration with ICAO.

GENERAL SUMMARY 35

3.1. 7.4 Congress adopted Resolution 10 (Cg-IX), which contains a broad outline of the activities to be undertaken during the ninth financial period.

3.1.8.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation and emphasized that the work of the commission was of fundamental importance to the world meteorological community I since instruments and observing methods were the means of obtaining vital meteorological data.

3.1.8.2 Congress considered the WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation for the ninth financial period, prepared by the SecretaryGeneral in close collaboration with the president of CIMO, and approved this programme which should be co-ordinated by CIMO. It urged Members to participate actively in and to support the implementation of the programme. In taking these decisions Congress took into account the following considerations and gave directives as indicated below.

3.1.8.3 It was noted that the programme should provide essential input and the required instrument support to the other WMO programmes making use of observational data, particularly WWW. Theref-ore, it was considered essential that CIMO receive the adequate staff support it needed for the implementation of the programme.

3.1.8.4 The results of the eighth session of CIMO and the priority items on the work programme of CIMO for the period 1982-1985 were noted with approval. These i terns included the provision of technical support to the Integrated WWW System Study (ISS), initiation of regional comparisons, improvement of the measurement methodology, development of performance characteristics for suitable instruments on the basis of user requirements, development of standard alg~rithms used for data reduction to Level II data, particularly for automatic weather stations and automated radiosonde measurements, defini tion of calibration requirements and methods, provision of appropriate technical input to training of personnel (training aids and material) and participation in regional workshops.

3.1 .. 8 .. 5 The increasing importance of the activities under this programme to ensure the quality of measurements and the evaluation of new technology was fully recognized. It was agreed that the conventional methods of observation and instruments serving the meteorological and related programmes needed to be broadened to embrace new technologies and methods.

3.1.8.6 It was noted that the tasks of CIMO were becoming increasingly complex due to new technological developments in instrumentation and equipment.. The increasing interdependence of new observing systems and the need for accurate and comprehensive information on performance characteristics were also noted. Members were therefore requested to participate actively in the work of elMO in evaluating new observing systems and to participate in instrument comparisons and calibrations organized by WMO. Such intercomparisons should be announced well in advance in order to enable the Members to make the necessary financial allocations. Congress noted the offers by the U.S.A. and the U.K. to host the international intercomparison of radiosondes.

36 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.8.7 It was felt that CIMO should continue and intensify its efforts to develop performance characteristics for new and existing GOS elements. In this respect a significant technical input to the Integrated WNW System Study was to be expected from the programme.

3.1.8.8 It was recognized that the ultimate aim of the work of CIMO should be to ensure that the data were of a high quality, representative and mutually compatible and that they met the standards. It was therefore a specific task for elMO to provide a framework of standards, regulations and guidance to fulfil the requirements of the data users.

3.1.8.9 The importance of the responsibility of CIMO in the of seminars for the training of instrument and maintenance observing technicians, supervisors and their instructors was Instrument training programmes at Regional Meteorological Training

organization specialists,

emphasized. Centres and

regional training seminars had been extremely successful. Therefore, these activities should be continued. In discussing the effectiveness of various types of training programmes (such as roving experts, training seminars, etc.), the need to derive the maximum benefit from the limited funds available was also stressed.

3.1.8.10 Congress noted with appreciation the completion of the English version of the fifth edition of the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation as well as the introduction of the new "Instruments and Observing Methods Report" series. It requested the president of CIMO to arrange to continue the work on the updating of the guide as well as the preparation of reports on important developments in instruments or observing techniques for publicati~n in this series and distribution to Members.

3.1.8.11 congress adopted Resolution 11 (Cg-IX).

3.1.9

3.1.9.1 Under this agenda item, Congress reviewed the action taken in response to the decision of Eighth Congress to establish the Tropical Cyclone programme (TCP) as an upgrading of the former Tropical Cyclone Project and its unanimously expressed view that it -was essential to strengthen and intensify the programme in the years ahead. In this connexion, it recalled that Eighth congress had requested the Executive Committee to revise and update the original plan of action of the project.

3.1.9.2 Congress expressed great satisfaction at the considerable progress made in both the planning and implementation of the general and regional components of the programme.

3.1.9.3 Congress noted that, as it had requested, the plan of action had been revised and updated, taking into account the progress achieved, together with the technological developments and scientific advances which had taken place since it was first adopted in 1972. It expressed the view that the Tropical Cyclone Programme's plan of action, adopted in 1981, provided a sound basis for guiding the development and implementation of the programme.

3.1.9.4 Congress recognized that the work being done through projects under the general component of the programme was of great value, particularly to the many cyclone-prone developing countries in providing guidance and assisting them in applying the latest techniques in upgrading their protective systems. Appreciation was expressed to the Members which had contributed to

GENERAL SUMMARY 37

the implementation of these projects. Additionally, the Secretary-General was requested to pursue the formulation of further projects and plans for their implementation and also to ensure that the results were made available to all interested Members.

3.1.9.5 The work done within the programmes of the four regional cyclone bodies, the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee and RA IV Hurricane Committee, was reviewed. Congress commended members of the regional tropical cyclone bodies for the work done to develop operational plans as a means of strengthening the warning system in their respective regions by making best use of existing facilities through close regional collaboration. It considered that the implementation of segments of the technical plans had resulted in several important achievements, special mention being made of the significant upgrading of observing and telecommunication facilities in the cyclone-prone ar~as of Regions II and V. The need for increased co-operation between regional cyclone bodies was stressed. The attention of Congress was drawn to the steps which were being taken in the south-west pacific and which might lead to the formation of a fifth regional cyclone body. A survey to determine the requirements of Members in the area was to be carried out later in 1983 in response to the recommendation made by RA V at its eighth session.

3.1.9.6 The attention of Congress was drawn to the substantial progress achieved in the planning of and preparations for the Typhoon Operational Experiment (TOPEX) and the great success of the First Operational Experiment of TOPEX carried out in 1982. This operational experiment was being carried out under the programme of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and as a project of the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme. Its objective was to improve the operational forecasting and warning system through the use of common, integrated procedures by all members of the Typhoon Committee. TOPEX was designed to provide an operational test of the typhoon analysis and forecasting sy-stem i-n the region and was being based upon observational data collected and exchanged during the actual passage of typhoons. Its operational phase, which would be completed at the conclusion of the Second Operational Experiment, planned for August to October 1983, would be followed by phases covering the evaluation of the experiment and the application of its results. Congress classified TOPEX as an important on-going activity of the Tropical Cyclone Programme. It· felt that the results of this operational experiment, which would include a valuable data set, would be of great benefit, not only to the members of the Typhoon Committee, but also to many other Members of WMO.

3.1.9.7 Congress wished to record its thanks to all concerned for the valuable assistance provided through the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme and bilateral and TCDC arrangements which had helped in accelerating the implementation of WWW facilities on which the programme relied and in the training of personnel. Additionally, Congress recorded its appreciation for the considerable support with equipment, expert services, fellowships and group training provided by UNDP to the members of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones through regional projects.

3.1.9.8 Special attention was given by Congress to documents submitted on behalf of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and of the ESCAP/WMO Panel on Tropical Cyclones. Both these regional cyclone bodies had drawn attention to the gradual decrease in UNDP funding which was affecting their programmes and to the consequent need for greater support from WMO, it had furthermore been pointed out that alternative sources of funding must be sought and Congress requested the Secretary-General to explore all potential sources of assistance.

38 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.9.9 Congress expressed its view that the Tropical Cyclone programme was one of the most important programmes being carried out by WMO, being of concern not only to Members directly affected by tropical cyclones but also to many others. It therefore wished to continue the process of strengthening and intensifying these activities which had begun following the decisions made by Eighth Congress. Whilst fully supporting the proposals made by the SecretaryGeneral for the years 1984-1987, Congress felt that it would be necessary to augment the resources available to the maximum extent possible. It therefore reaffirmed that the TCP should be givien high priority in the assignment of funds and other resources. To assist the Executive Council and the Secretary-General in making the most efficient use of the funds and staff available for all WMO programmes, Congress requested the Secretary-General to prepare for consideration by EC-XXXVI a critical appraisal of the TCP. The appraisal should highlight the successes, failures and outstanding problems of the TCP so that the extent to which additional funding and staff support would help to overcome the problems could be ascertained.

3.1.9.10 Congress also decided that the operational aspects of the TCP should remain under the World Weather Watch.

3.1.9.11 Finally, in the light of the humanitarian, social impact, Congress attached high priority to the work of the Cyclone programme and adopted Resolution 12 (Cg-IX).

and economic WMO Tropical

3.1.10

3.1.10.1 The report by the Secretariat on WMO satellite activities was noted with appreciation.

3.1.10.2 Congress expressed its appreciation to the Members actively engaged in operational satellite programmes and noted with satisfaction the following events and activities since the previous Congress I

(a)

(b)

(c)

( d)

(e)

Continued launching and operation orbiting satellites by the U.S.S.R. U.S.A. (TIROS-N type»)

of the improved (METEOR-2 type)

near-polarand by the

Continued launching and operation of geostationary meteorological satellites by the European Space Agency, Japan and the U.S.A.)

The launch of INSAT lA by India with a successful demonstration of meteorological satellite imaging among its major missions (the short life of this spacecraft was noted with deep regret»)

Further expansion of the ground segments for satellites) there were now more than 1 000 stations around the Earth which could receive direct broadcasts from the meteorological satellites and these stations were located in about 125 different countries)

Extensive use of computers and digital data handling equipment for processing satellite data. In this regard a number of countries were already operating or were planning to operate such equipment to process the high-resolution image data from the polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites. Several countries were already processing the sounding data from the TIROS-N type satellites to obtain atmospheric vertical soundings of temperature and humidity)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

GENERAL SUMMARY 39

Expanded use af palar-arbiting and

the data-callectian capabilities geostationary satellites,

an bath the

Demonstration of a clear positive impact on numerical weather predictian results fram the satellite abserving system. The results obtained from the observing system experiments at the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) \vere particularly natewarthy in this regard,

Extensive use af satellite data in the preparatian af autput praducts fram Warld Weather Watch,

Increasing attention training activities. events which WMO had satelli te metearalagy 350 participants,

given to. satellite technalagy in the WMO This was evidenced by the nine training spansared ar ca-spanso.red in the field of in the periad 1979 to 1982 with mare than

Assistance and support for developing countries through VCP, and UNDP suppart far satellite direct-readaut facilities.

3.1.10.3 The signing af the canventian by 12 Members to. farm a new European Organizatian (EUMETSAT) an 24 May 1983 was recagnized by Cangress as a very significant event. The principal abjective af EUMETSAT wauld be to. manage the Operatianal Eurapean Metearalagical Satellite System within the space-based sub-system af the Warld Weather Watch. The EUMETSAT agreement was expected to. ensure the operational continu.ity of a geostationary satellite through to 1995 far the geagraphical caverage naw provided by the pre-aperatianal METEOSAT satellites.

3.1.10.4 Cangress note-d the extensive incr-eas-€ in -the applica-tions Some examples mentioned included the following,

af satellite technalagy.

(a)

(b)

(c)

The Internatianal Satellite Claud Climatalagy Praject in the Warld Climate Pragramme,

The use of satellite data in agrometeorology to provide information useful for the assessment of the state and productivity of land and vegetative cover,

The use of the data-collection systems as well as remote-sensing data in the Hydralagy and Water Resaurces Pragramme.

It was further noted that there were a number of environmental satellites now in orbit or planned for the remainder of this decade, such as the European Space Agency/Earth Resaurces Satellite, France/SPOT, Japan/Marine Observatians Satellite and the U.S.A/LANDSAT, which cauld cantribute to. variaus WMO pragrammes.

3.1.10.5 Congress recognized the need to ensure the continuing operation of meteorolagical satellite systems. It was nated that this tapic had been discussed during the last several meetings of the Executive Committee. During EC-XXXIV (1982) it had been recagnized that the averall value af the glabal satellite system to operational meteorological, hydrological and oceanic services had increased to such an extent that extraordinary steps might have to. be taken to. ensure its cantinued operatian. EC-XXXII (1980) had already recognized that the continuing operation of meteorological satellites posed a

40 GENERAL SUMMARY

considerable financial burden on satellite operators, and Members concerned had been urged to explore possibilities for future international or multilateral collaboration to help ensure continuity of satellite data.

3.1.10.6 Congress noted the complexity of the problem of ensuring continuity of satellite operations. It was felt that the major issues could be addressed in three different time-scales, i~e= within three to five years, up to ten years, and beyond ten years. In the short range of three to five years there would be almost complete dependence for satellite operations on those systems already funded by Members. For the time-scale between five and ten years some action might still be taken to obtain a firm commitment by Member governments concerned for the continued operation of the necessary meteorological satellites. The first opportunity to introduce any major changes into the global meteorological satellite system would be on the time-scale of longer than ten years.

3.1.10.7 Congress appealed to the Members and satellite operators concerned to spare no effort in maintaining their meteorological satellite systems at least at the present level without any reduction, and in ensuring continuity of their programmes to avoid gaps in the traditional availability of satellite data for operational and research purposes. In this regard Congress urged Members concerned to maintain the polar-orbiting satellite systems consisting of the METEOR-2 type (U.S.S.R.) satellites and two simultaneously operated TIROS-N type (U.S.A.) satellites on a continuous basis. A similar urgency was· given to the continuation by Members concerned of the geostationary satellites operating at their present positions by the ESA, Japan and the U.S.A. The U.S.S.R. and India were urged to implement their planneq geostationary satellites over the Indian Oc~an.

3.1.10.8 Congress requested the Executive Council to consider the problem of satellite continuity on the time-scale of five to ten years with a view to devising an approach to, and proceeding with, obtaining the firm commitments of Member governments to continue their operational satellites in this time period.

3.1.10.9 Congress also requested the Executive Council to study the longterm factors involved in ensuring continuous satellite operations. This study should include the development of a long-term policy and strategy for maintaining a global meteorological satellite system. In this connexion, Congress endorsed the conduct of the study recommended to WMO by the Second United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of outer Space (UNISPACE-82). The specific recommendation to WMO was to undertake a study concerning the possibility of setting up an international structure to provide continuous availability of, and access to, satellite meteorological data. It was suggested that some conceptual designs for an operational configuration of the global satellite system around the year 2000 which gave due consideration to both the data requirements and the projected technology would be very useful as an initial step in providing a basis for discussion of the critical_ issues of financing and managing such a global system. This was considered especially important because of the very long time period and the large resources needed to make any changes in a complex satellite system.

3.1.10.10 Congress recognized that at present included satellite-related acti vi ties, and it was

all major WMO programmes felt that WMO's satellite

involvement needed co-ordination. In the present situation, the basic issues

GENERAL SUMMARY 41

in the satellite-related activities were of interest to all the WMO constituent bodies. In addition, the application of satellite technology in meteorology and operational hydrology formed an important element in the technical co-operation activities of WMO. Congress therefore decided that the EXecutive Council should continue its role as the overall co-ordinating body on satellite matters through an EC panel of EXperts on Satellites. Resolution 13 (Cg-IX), which is concerned with the co-ordination of WMO satelLite activities and the issue of satellite continuity, was adopted.

3.1.10.11 Congress decided that the co-ordi.nation of satellite activities within WMO should be carried out with the following aims.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

To co-ordinate WMO requirements for satellite data, their transmission and archiving,

To distribute information and provide guidance to Members and interested bodies on the capabilities and products of existing and

. planned satellite systems, including the provision of technical advice for technical co-operation activities and for education and training purposes,

To promote the standardization of the formats for.

(i) The .exchange of remotely sensed data and resultant observations,

(ii) Data received from data-collection platforms, and

(iii) The direct broadcast of data and products from satellites,

To co-ordinate international efforts to ensure compatibility and accuracy _of satellite measurements carried out by different systems and during different time intervals for climate applications, and other research purposes)

To encourage international efforts to improve the compatibility between land-based and space-based measurements,

To study methods for ensuring the continuity of satellite data,

To monitor the developments of other environmental satellites and evaluate their potential for applications in WMO programmes.

3.1.10.12 Congress noted with approval the action taken, following the recommendations of the EC Panel of Experts on Education and Training, to prepare a Compendium of Lecture Notes on Satellite Applications suitable for Classes I and II personnel. It also noted that the request by Eighth Congress that high priority be given to training in satellite-related activities had been carried out successfully during the intervening four years. It was pointed out that this type of training continued to be very important for developing countries and should also be supported financially under the united Nations Development Programme and the Voluntary Co-operation Programme.

42 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2 World Climate Programme (Agenda item 3.2)

Congress noted the progress made in the planning and initial implementation of the World Climate programme since the programme had been established by Eighth Congress. Congress noted that during the eighth financial period the Executive Committee had assqrned the function of cO-Qrdinating the World Climate Programme, using advice from the bodies established to deal with the individual components of WePt namely.

(a)

(b)

(c)

The WMO Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and Data Programmes (ACCAD),

The ICSU/WMO Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) for the World Climate Research Programme, and

The UNEP Scientific Advisory Committee· (SAC) for the World Climate Impact Studies Programme,

and f'rom the executive -heads .of the international o!ganizations involved in the WCP. Congress. agreed that a similar method of overall co-ordination should continue to be used in the ninth financial period. It was emphasized that meetings of the scientific and g.dvisory committees and o,f executive heads of organizations should be convened only when definitely needed. congress invited the technical commissions and the regional associations to strengthen their activities in the WCP. Congress, while recognizing the basis on which ACCAD had originally been constituted by EC-XXl(IV, felt that the views of regional associations, in particular those whose Regions contained developing countries, should be taken into consideration and requested the Executive Council to find ways ~f ensuring this. The importance of the strong lead role of WMO in the WCP and of the activities of the WMOSecretariat in the continuous co-ordination of WCP was stressed. Congress adopted Resolution 14 (Cg-IX), which contains the basic decisions regarding the continuation of WCP as one of the major programmes of WMO in the ninth financial period, the establishment of the Advisory Committee for Climate Applications and Data, and the mechanism for overall co-ordination of the WCP.

3.2.1

3.2.1.1 Congress complimented the president of CAgM on the progress made by the Commission in the field of agrometeorology including the publication of several Technical Notes on various subjects.

3.2.1.2 congress reviewed and expressed satisfaction with the activities of the Organization in the field of agrorneteorology during the eighth financial period and recorded its appreciation to the Secretary-General on the implementation of activities under the Agriculture and Desertification Programme approved by Eighth Congress.

* This title was amended to read. and the Agricultural Meteorology presidents of CCAM and CAgM".

"The World Climate Applications programme programme (including the reports of the

GENERAL SUMMARY 43

3.2.1.3 Congress noted and approved the proposed work programme of the commission (see Annex I) for the ninth financial period which, as presented, integrated the work programme of the commission for Agricultural Meteorology with other application activities directed towards the development and better use of weather and climate data and knowledge for the production of food. Congress pointed out that activities relating to operational agricultural meteorology should be clearly distinguished from those of agroclimatological applications, although the user often required information from both of these activities. congress agreed that the definition of data requirements and the establishment of national data banks for agrometeorology remained a basic objective. It stressed the need to test applications in pilot projects in the context of existing projects, such as the AGRHYMET programme.

3.2.1.4 congress agreed that the WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification should continue to be implemented and urged the presidents of CC1, CHy, CAgM, CAS, CBS and CIMO to continue to include activities to combat desertification in the work programmes of the respective commissions.

3.2.1.5 In view of the critical importance of long-term, reliable water supplies to socie-economic development in many regions of the world, Congress welcomed the progress that had been made in water-related activities under the World Climate Programme. Congress was pleased to note the close working relationship that had been established between WMO and Unesco in the planning and implementation of these activities under the WCP. In recognizing the close link that existed between such activitiesaIld the pr-ogramme of the commission for Hydrology, Congress requested the president of CHy to ensure that close attention was paid to the work programme of the WCP when his commission developed its programme of acti vi ties, in particular those of the Operational Hydrology Programme.

3.2.1.6 congress congratulated the president of CCI on the achievements of the Commission during the eighth financial period, notably the publication of the Technical Notes on meteorological aspects of the use of solar radiation and wind as energy sources.

3.2.1.7 Congress approved the work programme drawn up by CCI during its eighth session for the next intersessional period, in particular its acceptance of the role as lead commission for the WCAP. Congress authorized the president of CCl to establish a working group on energy matters within the approved financial resources. It was also suggested that the president should consider appointing a rapporteur on climatic aspects of the design and standardization of industrial equipment.

3.2.1.8 Congress agreed that the regulatory material concerning climatological practices needed revision and strengthening. In accordance with its decision under agenda item 2.3, it requested eCl to elaborate, in collaboration with other commissions, proposals for submi~sion to Tenth Congress.

3.2.1.9 Congress reviewed and expressed satisfaction with the activities of the Organization in the field of applications of meteorology to energy and other matters, and recorded its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the implementation of these activities, approved by Eighth Congress. While energy remained a priority activity, it was stressed that activities should continue in other fields, such as land use and human settlements, drought assessment,

44 GENERAL SUMMARY

engineering and building, human health, tourism, urban development, industry (including equipment and machines), land transportation and economic planning. Congress underlined the value of climatic maps, including innovative ways of presentation.

3.2.1.10 Congress approved the holding in 1984 of a WMO Technical Conference on Urban climatology and its Applications with Special Regard to Tropical Areas.

3.2.1.11 Congress accepted with appreciation the invitation by the U.S.S.R. delegation to host a WMO/WHO/UNEP Symposium on Human Biometeorology in Tashkent in 1985. This symposium would enable meteorologists together with health experts, biologists, architects and specialists from other professions to define future applications of meteorology to human biometeorology.

3.2.1.12 Congress strongly supported the World Climate Applications Programme and adopted Resolution 15 (Cg-IX) on the programme. congress considered the priority activities of food, water and energy, formulated in the annex to this resolution, as realistic, comprehensive and explicit guidelines. Congress stressed that the separately identified Agricultural Meteorology Programme should remain one of the important applica~ions programmes of the Organization and that it would be of considerable assistance to Meteorological Services in Member countries to obtain support from their governments. Congress adopted Resolution 16 (Cg-IX) on the Agricultural Meteorology. programme. Congress noted that activities within the World Climate Applications Programme and the Agricultural Meteorology Programme were closely interrelated, as considered and adopted by the commission for Agricultural Meteorology (see Annex I and annexes to Resolutions 15 and 16 (Cg-IX». It was considered that the activities of CCl, CAgM, and CHy in the WCAP and in the Agricultural Meteorology Programme would promote effectively the transfer of knowledge and techniques between Members.

3.2.1.13 Congress requested that Technical Notes, CAgM reports and WCP publications should be translated into the working languages, to the extent that resources permitted.

3.2.1.14 Congress stressed that the development of the Climate Applications Referral System (CARS), an inventory of proven methods, would be a valuable tool in promoting the rapid transfer of knowledge and proven techniques, even though many methods would require some adaptation to local conditions. In so far as possible, the different parts of CARS for food, energy and other applications should have similar structures, for the benefit of users, and be closely co-ordinated with HOMS.

3.2.1.15 Congress reiterated the importance of training activities, in particular through the use of roving seminars.

3.2.2

3.2.2.1 Ninth Congress noted with appre.ciation that substantial progress had been made within the WCDP over the last few years. A plan for the WCDP had been developed which provided a sound basis for the further development of the programme. Several projects had already been initiated to address the basic objectives of the WCDP and to·achieve early benefits for Members. Congress adopted Resolution 17 (Cg-IX). The summary table annexed to the Resolution was considered to be a concise and practical guide to the implementation of the WCDP.

GENERAL SUMMARY 45.

3.2.2.2 Congress concurred that the basic purpose of the W:::DP was "to ensure the timely availability of reliable climate data which are accessible and exchangeable in acceptable format to support climate applications, impact studies and research". In addition, information on drought, desertification and other significant large-scale climate events should be collected and disseminated in accordance with a proposal from the WMO Advisory Committee for World Climate Applications and Data Programmes, which has the basic responsibility for examining methods to achieve the objectives of the WCDP, building on existing WMO facilities. Congress also felt that priority should be given to the improved exchange of climate data, and in particular precipitation and CLlMAT reports.

3.2.2.3 It was recognized that the objectives of the WCDP required a substantial amount of work by Members. Consequently it was felt that guidance on priorities for action to be undertaken by Members should be developed.

3.2.2.4 Congress stressed that the technical commissions should play a major part in the implementation of the WCDP with CCI and CBS assuming a lead role. The function of the WCDP was to assist the technical commissions achieve their objectives.· Close co-ordination with the WWW was considered essential.

3.2.2.5 Congress agreed with the strong emphasis on assistance to countries in the upgrading or establishment of national and sub-regional data banks. It was pleased to note that in Africa substantial progress had been made towards the establishment of a west African Data Bank with the help of several sub-regional organizations such as AGRHYMET, ASECNA and ORSTOM as well as the Direction de laW!teorologie fran!;aise and Belgium. Congress encouraged similar co-ordination activities in other sub-regions of Africa. The WMO Secretariat was urged to follow up on the action plans from the climate conference held in Tanzania in January 1982.

3.2.2.6 Progress towards the establishment of a south-east Asian Climate Data Bank and Centre was also noted with approval, as were activities aimed at improving regional efforts in climate data management in Latin America and the Caribbean. At the first co-ordination meeting on south-east Asian climate data management held in Bankgok, November 1982, it was proposed that a climate

. data service centre be established to include research, education and training, and user services in addition to data bank functions. Congress urged that further assistance be provided towards the establishment of the centre to serve the needs of regional participating countries.

3.2.2.7 As regards the Data Management Workshop held in April 1983 in Brasilia, Congress was informed that a large number of countries from Regions III and IV had participated. The meeting stressed the need for the proper quality control of climate data and the standardization of practices and formats. Also stressed was the need for developing software and guidance on the management of data systems with the help of WMO. Congress concurred with the suggestion by the workshop that each country should as far as possible arrange for the co-ordination of national activities in climate data management. Information from the workshop was to be used in the Climate Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean to be held in colombia in November 1983.

3.2.2.8 The archives of sub-regional and regional data banks should be made readily available to countries with arrangements to be made through the regional associations.

46 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.2.9 The establishment of climate data centres for international purposes should be on the basis of clearly defined needs by participating countries. As an example, Congress noted that the WCDP had responded to a request from the World Radiation Centre (WRC), Leningrad, U.S.S.R., and the International Radiation connnission of IP..MAP, and had held a meeting on the future activities of the WRC in February 1983.

3.2.2.10 Projects to develop guidelines, data management support material and technical reports and manuals on the optimum use of data in climate applications were considered to be important for the stimulation of improved climate data management and user services at the national and regional levels.

3.2.2.11 A strong effort in the education and training area in climate data management was -considered essential to achieve a lasting impact from _efforts to improve data archives and user- directed services. In this context, Con

gress noted with approval the active collaboration between the ETR Programme and the WCDP.

3.2.2.12 Recognizing the need for the availability of updated information on data sets and data sources covering the ensemble of climate data required for the WCP, Congress approved the further development of INFOCLIMA - the World Climate Data Information Referral Service. It was felt that the Service should concentrate on data directly relevant to the atmosphere-oceancryosphere-solid Earth system. INFOCLIMA was also considered of considerable· importance in aSSisting developing countries to locate reliable data sets for national and regional research and applications. INFOCLIMA should build on the type of information presently contained in WMO Pub;J,.ication No. 174 which needed updating.

3.2.2.13 Congress further stated that, as a part of INFOCLIMA, summarized information on climate trends and the status of the climate system should be compiled and disseminated. It was stressed that information on long series of data records held at various research institutes ahd organizations should be included as a special part of INFOCLIMA.

3.2.2.14 congress endorsed the WCDP efforts directed at achieving the transfer of technology in climate data assimilation, management and operational utilization. The concept of using microcomputer technology for climate data processing received wide support. As an example of available technology, the valuable contribution from the U.S.A. in this regard was much appreciated, the demonstration during Congress of a microcomputer system for climate data assimilation, processing and the generation of applications products was received with considerable interest. Several countries were of the opinion that the demonstration showed that data rescue, climate data management and user services were now possible at a cost within the reach of most developing countries. To promote the effective transfer of such technology, Congress felt that information and documentation on such technology should be made freely available to all countries. Computer software developed by countries and contributed to WMO for the transfer of technology, should be made available to countries at no cost. The software should be written in computer languages which can be easily transferred between computer systems.

3.2.2.15 Congress was informed that in France 75 provinces were going to be equipped with microcomputer systems (30 at present in service). The development and application of microcomputer systems to climate data management from all countries should be co-ordinated by the WCP in collaboration with eCl and other WMO technical commissions, and information disseminated to all Members.

GENERAL SUMMARY 47

congress urged that funds be made available through VCP and other sources to achieve a transfer of technology in climate data processing to developing countries.

3.2.2.16 Congress noted with satisfaction the progress in the implementation of Resolution 15 (EC-XXX) in gathering information on station inventories. The information provided by 99 countries, thus far, was being summarized systematically. Congress felt that this information could be usefully incorporated into INFOCLlMA. In addition to station inventories, it was also important to collect station history information. It was noted that for studies such as those on climate trends it was essential to know the history of the station the instruments used, and location and exposure changes.

3.2.2.17 The need for standardization in climatological practices, data quality control and exchange was emphasized. Methods used for the correction of data series for homogeneity should be publicized. caution should be used in proposing new methods for data handling.

3.2.2.18 It was felt that data banks for satellite data and derived products be considered in addition to those for surface-based observations. The archives of such data banks should be available for exchange between Member countries.

3.2.2.19 Some doubts were expressed on the long-term objective to achieve a co-ordinated distributed climate data system based upon existing systems. It was agreed that a feasibility study based on a demonstrated need for such a system should be completed before any implementation action was taken.

3.2.2.20 It was felt that climate data should be exchanged freely between national Meteorological Services, but donor Members should have the right to place conditions on the use of the data for commercial purposes. It was noted that CCI was investigating this subject.

3.2.3

3.2.3.1 The chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the World Climate Impact Studies Programme (WCIP), professor Dooge (Ireland), presented the document prepared by UNEP on past and planned activities supported by UNEP in this component of the WCP. It was explained that the impact programme had had a slow start during its first phase. Although some of the planned activities during the first phase had been launched, several others had not been implemented due mainly to financial constraints and lack of staff in the UNEP Secretariat.

3.2.3.2 The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) met in January 1983 to prepare a realistic plan for a second phase from 1983 to 1985. It had decided that the activities supported by UNEP should be centred on three areas,

(a)

(b)

(c)

studies of impact of climate on food systems and agriculture)

Assessments of the impact of the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere)

Improvement of the science and methodology of climate impact studies.

48 GENERAL SUMMARY

Projects in area (a) were planned in co-operation with the FAO/Unesco/WMO Interagency Group on Agricultural Biometeorology and with the MAB programme of Unesco. Four projects in the programme areas (b) and (c) were planned with ICSU/SCOPE and IIASA. Altogether around US $1 000 000 had been proposed to the 11th session of the UNEP Governing Council to be allocated for these projects.

3 .2 .3 .3 Al though expressing concern at the s low progress in the impact studies area of WCP since 1979, Congress stated its appreciation of the efforts by the UNEP scientific Advisory Committee in preparing a more realistic plan for WCIP activities. Whilst recognizing the difficulties in making such studies, Congress emphasized the great importance of irrefutably demonstrating to politicians and decision-makers that climate has an impact on societYI the WCIP had the important responsibility of providing such a demonstration. It was pointed out that the problem of climate impact was highly multidisciplinary and required the involvement of highly qualified groups of experts from a number of sciences including genetics. A small number of convincing case studies should be completed by such groups. It was noted with satisfaction that the proposed project on methodology of impact studies to be carried out in co-operation with IIASA had been revised by the SAC to become more realistic than originally conceived.

3.2.3.4 With regard to the case studies on climate impact on food systems, it was pointed out that not only marginal climatic areas should be studied but also areas of high agricultural productivity which might be influenced by a climatic change. The need to select suitable regions for case studies of the impact of climate on food in accordance with regional concerns was empha ... sized. It was noted with satisfaction that UNEP had proposed in the programme for 1984-85 a sum to be ·allocated for starting activities in the area of climate and human health.

3.2.3.5 With regard to the assessment of the impact of an increase of C02 in the atmosphere some concern was expressed regarding· a possible overlap between activities of UNEP and WMO in this area. It was clarified that the involvement in the assessment of the C02 problem had been carefully divided between WMO and UNEP after a thorough discussion which had taken place at a special meeting in 1982 between experts from the two organizations. An

interim assessment of the impact of an increase of atmospheric CO2 on ecosystems would take place in a joint UNEP/WMO/ICSU conference in Austria in 1983 and an overall assessment of the C02 problem would be made at a conference in 1985.

3.2.3.6 It was stressed by congress that WMO considered the WCIP to be highly important and hence that WMO should closely follow the activities of UNEP in the impact area. The overall co-ordination mechanism for the wcp should ensure that the impact component and the other components of the wcp will avoid duplication of activities and that the objectives of the WCP are being met.

Possible consequences of the uSe of nuclear weapons to the atmos-~~~~~~~~~~~~y~~------------------

3.2.3.7 Congress considered a proposal by the German Democratic Republic to include in the work programme the preparation of a document concerning the assessment of the consequences of the use of nuclear weapons to the atmosphere and climate of the earth. The proposal invited Congress to request the Executive Council to establish a group of experts to carry out the assessment in co-operation with other UN agencies.

GENERAL SUMMARY 49

3.2.3.8 Congress noted the concern expressed by Members that nuclear >larfare could have major effects on the weather and climate of the earth. Recognizing that the assessment of these consequences to weather and climate would be appropriate to the World Meteorological Organization, Congress considered that WMO, if requested by appropriate UN authorities, should give its advice on only those scientific aspects of the problem that lie within its competence.

3.2.3.9 Some Members, expressing serious concern on the grave danger nuclear war poses to mankind and to the atmosphere and climate of the earth and referring to the corresponding appeals of the UN General Assembly to the UN specialized agencies, supported the implementation of the above-mentioned proposal. By expressing its view on the consequences of the use of nuclear weapons to the atmosphere and climate of the earth, WMO would promote the use of knowledge and experience of scientists and meteorological experts for the understanding of the real dangers in this field. The assessment proposed could be made on the basis of present knowledge and the" emerging results of ongoing research and would therefore not require large additional resources. The view was expressed that Executive Council should take up this matter for further deliberation.

3.2.3.10 Other Members considered that discussion of nuclear warfare was not appropriate to WMO and belonged properly in other bodies of the UN dealing with disarmament. Further they considered that many important scientific questions remained to be answered and that WMO was not yet ahle to provide an authoritative statement on the possible effects on global weather and climate that would be scientifically credible and useful. Those Members considered that these questions could require extensive study over a number of years involving the commitment of large additional resources and they were therefore opposed to the inclusion of these matters in the work programme of the Organizati-on.

3.2.3.11 Congress noted that some of the studies within the World Climate programme could be relevant to the solution of some of these difficult problems.

" 3.2.3.12 resolution.

3.2.4

Congress noted the views expressed on the proposal and adopted no

3.2.4.1 Congress recalled that, when establishing the World Climate Programme (WCP) at Eighth Congress (Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII», it had been agreed that the Research component of the WCP should be conducted jointly by WMO and ICSU in the same spirit of close and fruitful co-operation that had been established between the two organizations under the terms of the GARP Agreement. Accordingly, Eighth Congress had approved the text of an agreement between WMO and ICSU on the conduct of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), including both the completion of essential work on GARP activities and appropriate climate research objectives, to take the place of the GARP Agreement. Congress noted that the agreement on the WCRP had been signed in November 1979. In accordance with the agreement, a joint WMO!ICSU Scientific Committee (JSC) for the WCRP had been established as the main scientific organ for the formulation of overall scientific concepts and co-ordination of efforts at the international level for the WCRP.

50 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.4.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the progress in the planning and initial implementation of the WCRP since Eighth Congress. congress was informed of the development of a scientific strategy under the guidance of the JSC to meet the objectives of the WCRP. The general goals of the WCRP were formulated in terms of three specific objectives or streams of climate research, each corresponding to different kinds of climate predictability and also different time scales. The first stream aimed at establishing the physical basis for the prediction of weather anomalies over periods of one to two months. The second stream was concerned with the variability of the global climate over periods of up to several years. Finally, the third stream considered the problem of the long-term variations and the response of the planetary climate to natural or man-made influences, such as the increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, over periods of several decades.

3.2.4.3 Congress urged that the activities within the programme be vigorously pursued, considering that, in this way, not only would the objectives of the WCRP ultimately be achieved, but also that significant practical incentives would be offered for establishing the physical basis for long-range weather prediction for time scales of one to two months and for understanding climate fluctuations (such as monsoonal variations) in the climate-sensitive tropical zone.

3.2.4.4 Congress welcomed the initiatives that were being taken under the auspices of the JSC for the development of climate research. Progress was expected as a result of the International- Satellite Clo,?-d Climatology project (ISCCP) which would give a greatly improved knowledge of the climatology of cloudiness, as derived from satellite images. ISCCP was planned to begin in July 1983 and last for a period of five years. The estimation of fluxes of radiation, momentum, heat and water vapour from the land surface, taking into account the complex interaction between soil moisture, vegetation and atmospheric boundary layer, was another crucial problem to which study was being devoted. Congress agreed with the approach that was being taken in obtaining greater understanding of these processes and endorsed the proposed implementation of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology project. congress further encouraged all Members with appropriate research and computing resources to participate in the development of numerical models of the climate system.

3.2.4.5 Congress noted that the study of the interannual variability of the tropical oceans and global atmosphere (referred to as "TCGA") would document changes of the sea surface temperature and related changes of atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns. TCGA would study the effects of large-scale tropical ocean temperature anomalies, of which the phenomenon E1 Nifio occurring in the Pacific Ocean is the foremost example. congress further noted that a number of observational programmes were being planned or carried out to investigate the relation between global atmospheric patterns. and ocean and sea-ice conditions in the extratropica1 and polar areas. A World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was also being planned, with the objective of quantitatively describing and· understanding the circulation of the global ocean, the transport of heat and salinity by the oceans, and processes such as water mass conversion. Congress was pleased to note that the oceanographers represented by the Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission of Unesco, and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research of ICSU, intended to assume their full responsibilities in the stUdy of the role of. the oceans in climate.

GENERAL SUMMARY 51

3.2.4.6 congress recognized that a number of data sets would be required specifically for the purposes of the climate research activities. congress invited Members to contribute to the development of the required new spaceand ground-based observing systems as far as possible, and participate in the systematic monitoring of significant climatological quantities.

3.2.4.7 Congress noted that collaboration with many different international organizations, institutes and groups would be required, particularly with the IOC/SCOR Committee on Climatic Changes and the Ocean. Congress was pleased to note that the JSC had achieved considerable success in obtaining this collaboration. In this context, the contributions being made by the WMO commission for Atmospheric Sciences, and directly supported by WMO resources, in the field of tropical meteorology, boundary-layer physics, as well as the study of sea ice, stratospheric aerosols due to volcanic eruptions, other aerosols, and radiatively important gases, were especially welcomed, and Congress requested that these contributions continue. Congress also emphasized the importance of research on the large-scale dynamics of the monsoon circulation encompassed by the Monsoon Climate programme and welcomed the collaboration established with the CAS working Group on Tropical Meteorology for the study of the monsoon climate.

3.2.4.8 Congress requested the JSC to elaborate the plan for the implementation of the WCRP, and to present the updated plan for approval by the executive bodies of WMO and ICSU. Congress recognized that the WCRP was based on fundamental research and was. a long-term task. Congress recommended, however, that the further planning of the WCRP be organized so as to facilitate an early application of results to the prediction of clim.ate anomalies with emphasis on the regional manifestations of these anom.alies.

3.2.4.9 congress considered the question of the selection of experts for participation at scientific conferences organized under the WCRP, and recommended that the Members be consulted to establish and maintain, for the guidance of the JSC, an updated international list of experts in the various fields of scientific expertise required in the further development of the WCRP.

3.2.4.10 In concluding its consideration of the WCRP, Congress approved the continuation of the agreement between WMO and Iesu concerning the joint conduct of the WCRP for a further four years, and as well as the continuation of activities within the framework of this agreement.

3.2.4.11 congress incorporated its decisions and recommendations under this item in Resolution 18 (Cg-IX).

3.2.4.12 congress reviewed the activities within the WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) under this agenda item, since the completion of the GARP activities was now encompassed in the agreement between WMO and ICSU on the WCRP.

3.2.4.13 Congress was informed of the successful implementation and completion of the field phase of the Global Weather Experiment (also known as the First GARP Global Experiment, FGGE) , which lasted from 1 December 1978 to 30 November 1979, and its regional components, the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) and the West African Monsoon Experiment (WAMEX). Following the field phase, major efforts had been devoted to assembling the data and to preparing consistent and quality-controlled data sets. virtually all the planned data sets

52 GENERAL SUMMARY

had now been produced. Congress noted that all Members had contributed to the SUccess of the Global Weather Experiment and its regional components by collecting additional conventional meteorological data and, in many cases I participating in the implementation of the special observing systems that had been mounted for the experiment. Various Members also contributed to the collection and processing of data~ Congress considered that the Global Weather Experiment and its regional components could rightly be regarded as the greatest meteorological project ever mounted.

3.2.4.14 Congress took note of the research that was taking place using the information gained from the Global Weather Experiment and its regional components. Important progress had been made in understanding the circulation of the atmosphere as well as significant advances in the utilization of meteorological data for the prediction of weather systems. Congress stressed the importance of this research, and emphasized the need for observing systems experiments which were essential in providing a scientific basis for the optimization of the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch. Congress urged Members to participate in this activity, which was complex and time-consuming, as far as their resources would allow. Congress endorsed the proposals for a conference on the results of the Global weather Experiment, planned for 1985, which would demonstrate the achievements of the Global weather Experiment and present in a comprehensive form the progress made in all aspects of meteorological research comprised in the objectives of the" Experiment. Congress saw it as particularly important that the conference focus on the assessment of the practical utility of the results of this research to the activities of national Meteorological Services in such important areas as observing. systems design, data assimilation prediction model development, and so on.

3.2.4.15 Congress noted with satisfaction the successful completion of the field phase of the GARP mountain experiment ALPEX in September 1982, including a Special Observing Period during March and April 1982. Twenty countries had participated in the Special Observing Period of ALPEX and its oceanographic component MED-ALPEX. It had been possible to gather comprehensive data for a variety of meteorological situations which ALPEX had been designed to monitor. Already new scientific views regarding .the effect of mountains on the flow of air masses were emerging, and should have considerable impact on understanding how these effects should be treated in weather predic.tion models.

3.2.4.16 Congress complimented all participating Members and organizations on the success of ALPEX and the excellent collaboration that had been achieved. Congress looked forward with interest to the conference on the results of ALPEX, planned for 1984, when research based on ALP EX data would be presented.

3.3 Research and Development programme (Agenda item 3.3)

3.3.1 weather prediction research, including the report of the president ~!=£~~-(Agenda-itern-3~3~r)----------------------------------------

3.3.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee, the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences and the Secretary-General concerning the promotion and encouragement of Members' meteorological research activities.

GENERAL SUMMARY 53

3.3.1.2 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences which described the main activities of CAS during the eighth financial period. A main event was the eighth session of CAS (Melbourne, February 1982). In promoting atmospheric research, Congress agreed that weather prediction research on all time-scales should receive highest priority within the WMO Research and Development Programme. Importance was also attached to tropical meteorology research, particularly with the participation of developing countries. It cautioned, however, that other aspects of the programme must not be ignored.

3.3.1.3 In considering the role of CAS, Congress stated that, although it was a very important technical commission from the standpoint that it was the mechanism for the Organization's mandate to promote Members' research in meteorological and related sciences, and also to contribute to other major programmes such as WWW, ~P, ETR, etc., the commission had not attained its full potential. Congress recognized that this may have been partly because the Commission's role had not been adequately defined, and partly because it had not been allocated sufficient resources to carry out properly the tasks assigned to it. Accordingly, Congress decided to define more clearly CAS' s role and functions, and to strengthen its activities.

3.3.1.4 In defining the role of CAS, Congress modified a statement prepared at CAS-VIII (Melbourne 1982) to focus more sharply on overviewing and promoting the use of research results in Members' weather forecasting and other operational activities and on the fostering of research in selected areas of atmospheric sciences. This document, endorsed by Congress, and entitled "Statement of the Future Role, Objectives and Outline plans of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences for the 1980s" appears as an annex to this paragraph (see Annex II).

3.3.1.5 Congress especially recognized the responsibility of CAS to assume the leading role in the exploitation of data from the FGGE and other GARP experiments (WAMEX, MONEX, etc.) after the WMO/ICSU Conference on the Results of the Global Weather Experiment (late 1984 or early 1985). Accordingly, it requested the president of CAS to establish a steering group on numerical experimentation with members drawn from both the CAS Working Groups on Shortand Medium-range Weather prediction, and on Long-range Weather Forecasting Research to overview, promote and co-ordinate weather prediction research on all time-scales based on these data. The steering group should meet annually to review the status and achievements of the fulfilment of the GARP objectives and the first three FGGE objectives, and, based on these reviews, study the necessary steps which could lead to the further improvement of operational weather forecasting models and techniques on all time-scales.

3.3.1.6 Congress noted with satisfaction the achievements obtained in transferring Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) methodologies and experiences between WMO Members and in promoting research on problems relating to practical applications of NWP products. It also commended the contribution of CAS in keeping Members informed of substantial developments in this field. In this regard, one of the examples noted was the WMO Symposium on probabilistic and Statistical Methods in Weather Forecasting organized in Nice in 1980, at which participants from many countries exchanged information on improvements in their forecasting techniques. The annual progress reports on NWP compiled

54 GENERAL SUMMARY

and published for nine successive years were proving of considerable value to all Meteorological Services.. The published scientific results obtained from the NWP Data Study/Intercomparison Project with the participation of 15 NWP Centres had demonstrated their usefulness in revealing shortcomings in various NWP models, in finding ways to improve them, and in providing improved techniques for the verification of numerical model products~

3.3.1.7 Congress noted that, following the statement by EC-XXXIV that emphasis on short-range forecasting was necessary, CAS had taken action to develop a proposal for an expanded programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research (PSMP). Congress was of the opinion that more effort should be devoted to the short-range prediction of actual weather elements such as cloud, temperature, precipitation and wind which were of particular significance to the users of national weather services. It also noted that the expanded programme would provide assistance to Members' research efforts directed towards improving the accuracy of limited-area weather prediction in the tropical belts through the optimum use of NWP modelling, high-resolution satellite data and statistical interpretation methods.

3.3.1.8 Congress requested the Secretary-General to prepare a proposal for consideration by EC-XXXVI to establish a special project within the Programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather prediction Research, to study Mediterranean cyclones. This project would be carried out, very largely, by Members bor-· dering the Mediterranean and by others which had an active interest in these phenomena.

3.3.1.9 Congress noted that several of the other technical commissions had indicated their support for, and possible contribution to, the expanded Programme for Short- and Medium-range Weather prediction Research (PSMP). In particular, collaboration should be maintained in the utilization and application of high-resolution satellite data as well as very short-range forecasting. Importance was also attached to the development of efficient quantitative precipitation forecast models. congress encouraged interested Members to collaborate in using satellite data and very short-range forecasting techniques to achieve the best short-range quantitative precipitation forecasts. In this connexion, it was pleased to learn that the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada would act as an activity centre for the PMSP project on Very Short-range Porecasting.

3.3.1.10 It was noted that generous offers had been made by Members with advanced efficient computing facilities and established research groups to serve as activity centres in the implementation of the expanded PSMP. Congress agreed that WMO should encourage Members undertaking the role of acti vi ty centres to contribute, wherever possible, to the implementation of the expanded PSMP programme, and to the transfer of relevant technological developments to other Members with less advanced forecasting facilities, in particular, the developing countries.

3.3.1.11 Congress approved the expanded PSMP as outlined above and adopted Resolution 19 (Cg-IX).

3.3.1.12 efforts to or longer

Congress endorsed the improve the accuracy of (monthly and seasonal

continUing importance of concentrated forecasting over the time-scale of 30 days long-range forecasting (LRF». In this

GENERAL SUMMARY 55

regard, it noted with satisfaction action taken by the Executive Committee I

CAS and the Secretary-General to provide the necessary support for activities relating to LRF research. These included (a) a questionnaire survey on the current methods used in Member countries for LRF (monthly and seasonal) I and (b) the assessment of scientific advances in LRF research and the development of a strategy for future LRF research by the CAS-supported expert meeting in 1980. A WMO Symposium on Probabilistic and Statistical Methods in Weather Forecasting (Nice, 1980) stressed the scientific and economic significance of improved LRF methodologies. A report on "LRF - Recent Research and Current practice" is nearing completion. Congress welcomed the initiative by CAS to give increased priority to LRF research for which a separate CAS Working Group on Long-range Weather Forecasting Research had been established.

3.3.1.13 Considering a proposal for a long-term LRF (monthly and seasonal) research programme as an outcome of the WMO-CAS/JSC Expert Study Meeting on LRF (princeton, December 1982), Congress agreed that the long-term objective should be for WMO to promote and assist the co-ordination of Members' research efforts into methods of LRF with a view to achieving a significant level of skill by the end of the decade. However, it noted that this was indeed a very difficult task and, whilst acknowledging the enormous potential benefits to Members from even moderately accurate monthly and seasonal forecasts, it cautioned against over optimism about the outcome in the short term. It also endorsed the proposed goals of the programme, namely (a) to improve the understanding of monthly and seasonal variability and the interaction of the atmosphere, upper-ocean and land surface, (b) to determine the limits of predictability of atmospheric variations on monthly and seasonal time-scales and (c) to develop significantly better prediction models and schemes, based upon physical, dynamical and statistical principles. It was agreed that in order to determine the feasibility of dynamical prediction of atmospheric variabili ty on monthly -a-nd seas-o"nal ti-me-s-eales, concentrated e-ff-or-ts should be made to study those LRF topics of high priority as identified by the princeton expert meeting.

3.3.1.14 In examining the detailed proposals outlining the long-term objectives, the main goals, the overall strategy and the programme of work, Congress noted that the proposed programme which would be implemented with participation of Members and research institutions was closely related to WCRP activities. It therefore requested that CAS and the JSC should closely collaborate in the execution of proposed study projects and that the Executive Council should ensure that the respective programmes were complementary and not overlapping.

3.3.1.15 Congress therefore approved the WMO Programme for Long-range Fore-casting Research (PLRF) as outlined above and adopted Resolution 20 (Cg-IX).

3.3.1.16 Recalling that the award scheme for young scientists had experienced difficulties in the past, Congress expressed satisfaction on learning that the response had recently improved. It therefore expressed its appreciation to those permanent Representatives, presidents of regional associations and the members of the EC Selection Committee involved in making the scheme a success and encouraged others to participate in the future. It readily approved the continuation of the award during the ninth financial period but decided to remove the word lIencouragementll from the title in an attempt to

56 GENERAL SUMMARY

attract still greater response. The award would therefore be known simply as the WMO Research Award for Young Scientists. The guidelines for selection as amended slightly to increase response are given in the annex to this paragraph (see Annex III).

3.3.2

3.3.2.1 Congress noted with satisfaction progress resulting from the action taken by the Executive Committee, CAS and the Secretary-General, in compliance with Resolution 23 (Cg-VIII), to develop and implement a number of specific priority projects wi thin the WMO programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology (PRTM). They are related to: (a) Tropical cyclones, (b) Monsoons, (c) Semi-arid zone meteorology/the problems of tropical droughts, and (d) Rain-producing weather systems.

3.3.2.2 Recognizing the rapid developments taking place in the scientific aspects of tropical meteorology, particularly those resulting from GATE, MONEX, WAMEX and FGGE including the new geostationary satellites all providing useful sets of data, Congress stressed the continuing importance of studying these topics first identified by Seventh congress and the application of research results to operational services for the benefit of social and economic activities of tropical countries. In the implementation of priority projects the concept of activity centres had proven useful and in this context the collaboration and participation of Members and research institutions concerned who had undertaken such a responsibility were noted with appreciation.

3.3.2.3 Congress supported the high priority assigned by CAS to tropical meteorology research in ~ts major goals for the 1980s, i.e., to assist Members to strengthen their research efforts in some important areas of tropical meteorology. In this regard, note was taken of efforts made by the CAS Worki"ng Group on Tropical Meteorology to review and summarize substantial developments in recent research work using data available from GATE, MONEX and FGGE in the PRTM report series which served as an effective way of transferring scientific knowledge on methodologies and the operational application of research results to Member countries.

3.3.2.4 In connexion with the tropical cyclone component, congress agreed to the continued implementation of existing and new priority projects which would help achieve a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of tropical cyclones, thereby improving the prediction of tropical cyclone genesis, intensity changes and tracks. To promote Members' research efforts, in particular those in cyclone-affected areas, Congress supported a proposal by CAS to organize two technical conferences on tropical cyclone research during 1984-1987. These would provide a forum for an exchange of experiences in the operational and research aspects of tropical cyclones between active research and forecasting experts, including representatives of Members of the WMO/TCP regional bodies. Congress stressed that in the implementation of relevant tropical cyclone research projects within the PRTM, the close collaboration between the CAS Working Group on Tropical Meteorology and WMO/TCP regional bodies should be maintained. Furthermore, Congress noted that facilities needed for the conduct of essential tropical research in some developing countries were very limited and, therefore, it was decided that research resources surveys be conducted to determine capabilities.

3.3.2.5 Concerning the monsoon component, Members in monsoon-affected areas strongly supported a long-term monsoon study programme as a continuation of research begun under MONEX and WAMEX for a better understanding of monsoon

GENERAL SUMMARY 57

behaviour, in particular the interannual variability of monsoon onsets. This would help to improve Members' prediction capability. In this regard, congress noted action already taken by the CAS Working Group on Tropical Meteorology to carry out monsoon onset comparison studies which provided a basis for developing a practical plan for studies concerning regional aspects of monsoons. India offered to act as an activity centre for the Asian summer monsoon studies. Studies on monsoons over the eastern part of Africa were also suggested and WMO was requested to assist and support Members in the studies. Note was also taken of the interest of JSC in studying global aspects of monsoons as part of WCRP. Equal importance was attached to studies of the south-east Asian winter monsoons which would require the designation of a suitable activity centre. Congress urged those Members in these areas to collaborate in study efforts, in particular in making and communicating their routine observations and also in their analysis of MONEX and FGGE data.

3.3.2.6 congress also encouraged Members in RA I to strengthen WAMEXrelated research activities using data which became available at the WAMEX data centres. In this regard, Congress endorsed a proposal to organize a Regional Conference on Tropical Meteorology in Africa in 1985 with sessions on the scientific results of WAMEX, desertification and droughts.

3.3.2.7 The increasing attention being focused by Members on the importance of improving the understanding of meteorological factors leading to droughts was appreciated. Congress noted with satisfaction the progress being achieved in the implementation of two priority projects under the semi-arid zone meteorology/tropical droughts component, namely, (al Radiation flux studies in the tropics, with India and Australia participating in radiation data analysis and diagnostic studies of global circulation as a pilot study, and (bl Research and monitoring of moisture budget over limited tropical areas with the AGRHYMET centre in Niamey acting as an activity centre for two pilot studies in the Sahel -region. Congress en-couraged the ac-ti-ve participati-on of Members in drought-stricken areas in the implementation of these long-term projects.

3.3.2.8 Under the tropical disturbances and the associated rainfall component, work was now i~ progress concerning the implementation of priority projects. These were, (a) Detailed assessment of forecasts of particular rainproducing weather systems on which useful information had been collected through a questionnaire survey, and (b l Special observing, mOdelling and forecasting experiments in a suitable tropical region. Congress endorsed the continuing importance of studying these problems. under this item, Congress supported a proposal by the Yemen Arab Republic for WMO to organize a seminar on weather systems affecting Red Sea areas whose development was strongly influenced by the interaction between the tropical disturbances and midlatitude cyclones moving over the Mediterranean and North Africa. The Secretary-General was requested, in consultation with presidents of regional associations and CAS, to arrange for this seminar to be held at a suitable location in the Red Sea area.

3.3.2.9 Many Members attached importance to studies of the interaction between tropical and mid-latitude weather systems, the subject matter being considered as not belonging to rain-producing tropical disturbances. congress agreed that this topic should become the fifth major component of the PRTM and Congress approved a symposium on this topic. In this regard, several Members pointed out that the establishment of a centre in RA III was considered essential. The Secretary-General was requested to assist Members concerned in instituting such a centre.

58 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.3.2.10 Congress noted the organization of a WMO Symposium on Meteorological Aspects of Tropical Droughts (New Delhi, December 1981), the first symposium ever arranged on this subject, and the co-sponsoring of a Regional Scientific Conference on Tropical Meteorology (Tsukuba, Japan, October 1982) organized by the MeteQrological Society of Japan for its centenary. The need was emphasized for continued efforts to organize more symposia/conferences and lv'orkshops on those topics of direct interest and importance to tropical countries as well as to publish the periodic progress reports, technical reports, review papers and meeting reports. In this regard, Brazil indicated its willingness to host the second Symposium on Tropical Droughts.

3.3.2.11 Congress recognized the need for increasing support to promote tropical meteorology research and development activities among Members, particularly those in tropical regions. Congress therefore decided, as a means of assisting those tropical countries with limited computer power facilities, to introduce a new study project on Tropical Limited-area Weather Prediction Modelling as a sixth component within the PRTM. This would aid in the development of adequate numerical models which were at present lacking. Congress also stressed the need for continued action by the Executive Council to consider and take appropriate steps to encourage further development and implementation of possible priority projects, and by CAS ,to review research developments and to advise the EC and the Secretary-General on any measures to be taken on project implementation.

3.3.2.12 Several countries emphasized the need for WMO to take a lead in research regarding El Nino phenomena and proposed to include this topic as a project of priority research within the PRTM. However, Congress agreed that this topic would be given special consideration within the study project entitled Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) of WCRP.

3.3.2.13 In view of the desire to encourage Members to collaborate and participate in research and development activities relevant to tropical meteorology, for which increased support was required, Congress adopted Resolution 21 (Cgo-IX).

3.3.3

3.3.3.1 In reviewing environmental pollution monitoring and research, Congress reaffirmed its concern at environmental deterioration and it stressed the need for WMO to promote progress in understanding envi~onment- and climate-related chemical and other properties of the atmosphere and also of interacting media. WMO would thereby contribute its due share to the protection of the atmospheric, land and oceanic environment. In this connexion, Congress recognized that WMO's direct involvement in environmental monitoring and research activities would inevitably increase. The present programme was regarded as realistic, considering present requirements and future projections. The interrelation with other WMO programmes was underlined. Congress noted with appreciation the active participation in the programme by a growing number of Members, including developing countries.

3.3.3.2 In view of the interdisciplinary nature of environment and climate-related monitoring and research, Congress re-emphasized the importance of close collaboration with other international specialized agencies, institutions and organizations. The existing excellent co-operation with UNEP and a large number of organizations and various international bodies such as IAEA, WHO, ECE, IAMlIP and GESAMP, to mention only a few, was appreciated and regarded as necessary and should be pursued intensively.

GENERAL SUMMARY 59

3.3.3.3 With regard to BAPMoN, Congress noted that within four years the number of countries routinely submitting data had about doubled, bringing the total to approximately 50. It was also appreciated that a number of stations had become operational in areas so far insufficiently covered by stations. Congress emphasized, however, that there were still large gaps and that sufficient coverage by stations reporting data was required for all parts of the globe in order that the influence of orography, land use, climatology and biomes on dispersion and long-range transport, as well as the impact of large-scale sources and sinks, of environment and climate-related atmospheric constituents and properties could be studied better and the objectives of BAPMoN fully accomplished.

3.3.3.4 In this context, Congress referred to the request made by EC-XXXII in Resolution 5 (EC-XXXII) for additional stations to be established on islands in the Atlantic and pacific Oceans, in Africa, AS.ia and Australia and in Latin America. These should also include .ocean and land stations monitoring C02 over major biomes. Congress was pleased to note that, through bilateral co-operation between Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany, a new baseline station would become operational this year on Izana I Tenerife. Furthermore, Congress urged Members who had received equipment I either through VCP or UNEP, but had been unable to fulfil their intentions to establish BAPMoN stations, to make this equipment available to other Members who could establish such stations.

3.3.3.5 Congress wished to put on record its appreciation of the substantial support provided by UNEP for the implementation of BAPMoN climate-related monitoring and underlined that this valuable support would be required further. In this regard, a number of Members, in developing countries in particular, appreciated the provision of equipment through UNEP/VCP and underlined the importance and value of the training courses arranged in Budapes·t. It was also emphasized that support for spare parts and maintenanGe was required when nationally unavailable.

3.3.3.6 Congress emphasized the need to assist Members, in particular in developing countries, by providing up-to-date information on new developments and results obtained in BAPMoN. Congress requested that to serve this purpose a newsletter should be published regularly.

3.3.3.7 In considering the general approach to BAPMoN, Congress agreed that the basic philosophy (as outlined in the annex to Resolution 18 (EC-XXX» did not need revision. The strategy for achieving the objectives and improving the results should however be reviewed and the Executive Council was expected to take appropriate action as requested in Resolution 22 (Cg-IX). Congress took note of some recommendations made by the Executive committee panel of Experts on Environmental Pollution emerging from its 1982 session and also considered a few items of general importance to BAPMoN I thereby underlining quality-assurance aspects. Congress further reiterated that the representativeness of a ground station was a critical aspect. In particular, the surface monitoring of radiation- (climate-) related parameters should well reflect or correlate with their horizontal and vertical distribution aloft. Congress emphasized that details of the monitoring activities should be carried out as laid down in the WMO International Operations Handbook for Measurement of Background Atmospheric pollution, WMO-NO. 491.

3.3.3.8 With regard to data quality and in line with the concern expressed by EC-XXXIV, Congress strongly underlined the primary importance of data quali ty, stressed the need for further measures to improve the comparability and

60 GENERAL SUMMARY

reliability of the data reported and welcomed recent activities aimed at promoting and applying_ new quality-assurance procedures. The advantage was also emphasized of establishing regional or supra-regional standardization laboratories with the support of the respective Member country. With regard to data flow, Congress reiterated its gratitude to the u. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S.A., for strong support in data treatment and the publication of annual reports which contained an increasing amount of data. congress regarded it as extremely important that these reports be made available to Members, international organizations and the scientific community with the least possible delay, and therefore requested that further efforts be made to considerably accelerate the submission and publication of data.

3.3.3.9 In considering monitoring and research on the long-range transport of air pollution (LRTAP), Congress noted with appreciation the progress achieved in the ECE/UNEP/WMO Co-operative programme on Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) , in which WMO's responsibility for the meteorological aspects was based on scientific work carried out in some Member countries. Congress was also pleased to note that WMO's active involvement in EMEP as the appropriate specialized UN agency was particularly important in view of the ECE Convention on Transboundary Air pollution which had been signed in 1979 after Cg-VIII and had entered into force in April 1983. Congress, therefore, encouraged the continued active participation of WMO in EMEP) it appreciated the active contributions of individual Members made· through seconding experts and through financial support to the Meteorological Synthesizing or the Chemical Co-ordinating Centres) it was pointed out that the results of EMEP would be useful to other regions i~ which trans boundary fluxes of pollution and the deposition of acidifying substances could constitute a problem. It was underlined that the involvement of WMO as a specialized UN agency could facilitate the general recognition and application of the results of the study, provided that Members could fully verify the expertise that was available in their country on the subject and inform the Secretary-General accordingly. Congress encouraged Members in all regions to continue or to undertake the study of LRTAP problems. The further development and comparison of LRTAP models by Members was regarded as necessary and should be accomplished through joint activities of Members and involve CAS. Congress regretted that it was likely that· UNEP would discontinue its provision of financial support to EMEP and expressed the hope that such financial support would again be forthcoming.

3.3.3.10 Congress reiterated the need for WMO to become more involved in integrated background pollution monitoring in order to achieve a better understanding of the cycles of certain substances which may have an impact on climate and environment, across various media acting as sources, sinks or transformation zones. Congress felt it was important that a UNEP/WMO/Unesco pilot project on integrated monitoring (IM) be carried out in biosphere reserves in eastern Europe, eastern North America and in a temperate climatic region of South America. Congress noted with interest that two symposia on integrated monitoring co-sponsored by WMO and UNEP had been held in the U.S.S.R. in 1978 and 1981, and that a third was planned to be held in 1984. Congress was informed that in a number of countries national integrated monitoring programmes were already in operation and that first results had been obtained in regional sub-systems, in particular in Europe and North America. Congress also stressed the importance of continued- investigations in ocean/air exchange of pollutants and in certain properties of the ocean surface microlayer as relevant to IM. It was proposed to intensify these studies at or near suitably located BAPMoN stations.

GENERAL SUMI-IARY 61

3.3.3.11 Congress was aware that the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and interacting media, which were caused or changed by rather complex processes in which man-made substances were increasingly involved, were of growing importance to air-pollution meteorology and climate. It was emphasized that WMO would need to keep abreast of developments in this field, to identify and encourage the treatment qf special problems, and to promote the application of the results of relevant research and studies. Congress requested the appropriate technical commissions and their respective working groups and rapporteurs as well as the EC Panel of Experts on Environmental Pollution to persevere conscientiously in their work in this area. In this connexion, Congress expected that the forthcoming Technical Conference on Measurement and Observation of Atmospheric Contaminants (Vienna, 1983) would provide another important input to these efforts and invited Members to bring this conference to the attention of appropriate institutions and individuals and to support the participation of a large number of Dompetent experts.

3.3.3.12 Congress noted the achievements in the WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, in particular the calibration and reactivation of one half of the world' s Dobson spectrophotometers, the assessment of performance characteristics of various ozone observing systems, the detection of errors in ozone trends and the retrospective corrective application of new absorption coefficients. During the ninth financial period emphasis should be on upgrading the total ozone observing network, especially on maintaining or initiating vertical ozone measurements, on improving knowledge of atmospheric photochemistry and on basing predictions of ozone trends on firmer scientific grounds. Congress further underlined that it was important for Members to be kept abreast of and benefit from research efforts undertaken in the framework of the ICSU Middle Atmosphere Programme in which WMO collaborated with the Special Committee on Solar Terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP).

3.3.3.13 Congress realized that a growing number of Meteorological Services were being faced with problems of establishing special services on monitoring, analysing and forecasting atmospheric pollution on a sub-regional and local scale. The Secretary-General was requested to assist those Services by providing information and guidance material required for planning and evaluating studies on the dispersion and transport of pollution and for predicting unfavourable environmental situations.

3.3· .. 3.14 The views and decisions of Congress relating to the Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme are reflected in Resolution 22 (Cg-IX) •

3.3.4 Weather modification research (Agenda item 3.3.4)

3.3.4 .. 1 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General in carrying out the WMQ Weather Modification Programme during the eighth financial period according to Resolution 12 (Cg-VII) and Resolutions 25, 26 and 27 (Cg-VIII). It noted in particular the three field seasons that had been conducted in the Duero River Basin in Spain during the site selection phase of the Precipitation Enhancement Proje.ct (PEP).

62

3.3.4.2 Weather

GENERAL SUMMARY

Congress commended the efforts of Modification/CAS Working Group on Cloud

the EC Panel of Experts on Physics and Weather Modifica-

tioD and the PEP Board on their guidance of the Site Selection phase of the project and the several Member countries and research organizations which had carried out the field measurements and analysis of data. particular praise was given to the Spanish Government, t-'1hich had provided the field site and which had supported much of the ground instrumentation measurements and conduct of the field operations.

3.3.4.3 It was noted that the results of the site selection phase of PEP were inconclusive at this time with respect to all the objectives of PEP. Aircraft, radar and surface measurements combined with cloud models and other theoretical concepts had led to estimates of the potential for cloud modification at the site - without any actual cloud seeding having been done. However, the assumptions used in the estimation techniques and the lack of certain crucial measurements led to a wide range of estimates and a high degree of uncertainty in the results. The higher value of the range of the estimated precipitation increases due to the assumed effects of cloud seeding would give a strong chance of detection in a randomized five-year demonstration project, while the lower value would not. Congress concluded that the need for current fiscal restraint precluded the allocation of financial resources to continue WMO-managed field studies for PEP.

3.3.4.4 Congress appealed to Member countries conducting analysis of the-PEP data to strengthen their efforts. Congress also encouraged any Member country active in weather modification for precipitation enhancement to test the concepts and techniques developed during PEP and to keep WMO informed of the results, so that a more accurate estimate could be made of the modification potential at the Spanish site.

3.3.4.5 Congress noted with approval the accomplishments made during the project, especially~ the innovative analysis of cloud-physics aircraft data, the development of two promising radar techniques for detecting supercooled liquid water cloud regions) the development of a method to construct, from routinely coded synoptic data, a cloud census having categories distinguished by their potential for modification) and the application of cloud process models to evaluate the "seedability" of the Duero Basin clouds. Congress took note of the scientific output of the personnel on the project. This effort had resulted in several articles now appearing in the scientific literature, over a dozen papers presented at scientific conferences and ne~rly thirty reports in the PEP series a Information was provided in these reports and papers which could aid Member countries in the design, conduct and evaluation of a weather modification experiment or operation.

3.3.4.6 Congress recognized the special needs of developing countries with respect to, among other things, advice on sound planning, execution and evaluation of weather modification activities and agreed that increased attention should be placed on these needs, especially with respect to tropical and warm cloud modification.

3.3.4.7 Congress, recognizing the great value of weather modification activities that were carried out using scientific principles in their conduct and evaluation, strongly encouraged Members to continue such work. Members contemplating these activities were urged to plan them so as to ensure the greatest scientific credibility possible within the resources made available. Congress felt that Members should be kept informed of these activities through the Secretariat.

GENERAL SUMMARY 63.

3.3.4.8 Congress adopted Resolution 23 (Cg-IX) - Precipitation Enhancement Project. This resolution replaces Resolution 25 (Cg-VIII).

3.3.4.9 Concluding that the precipitation Enhancement Project as originally conceived by Seventh Congress should not proceed to the field seeding phase, Congress was nevertheless of the opinion that activities undertaken under PEP over the past eight years had contributed significantly to the development of an international consensus on precipitation enhancement.

3.3.4.10 There have been recent indications of some progress in the technological capability of suppressing hail. However, Congress noted the different conclusions that are generally drawn on the effectiveness of hail suppression projects. Projects evaluated on the basis of crop damage often reported high success in suppressing hail whereas projects evaluated using measurements of the physical properties of hail and using randomized procedures continued to report no statistically significant effect on hail. Congress agreed that the evaluation of hail suppression activities was a key problem that should receive careful attention. For this reason, there is a need for further research on the design and evaluation of hail suppression programmes and the continuation of experiments by Members.

3.3.4.11 It was clear that progress in hail suppression, with its particular complexity and controversy, was facilitated by dialogue, at the international level, on scientific and technological matters. Accordingly, Congress recognized the value of assistance rendered by WMO in encouraging and, on occasion, supporting the international participation of scientists in Members' projects and in a conference devoted exclusively to hailstorm and hail suppression research and operation. International dialogue, Congress felt, was also _promoted by the -serie-s of mee-ti-ngs of exper-t.s -t.ha-E -were organize-d -1:0 identify the critical uncertainties in hail suppression.. Continuation of these activities was encouraged.

3.3.4.12 Congress noted the view of some Members that W1W should move towards the eventual" implementation of an internationally planned, conducted and evaluated experiment in hail suppression. Congress also recognized that a number of important scientific questions needed to be answered before such an experiment could be initiated. Countries were encouraged to continue their current research programmes and to collaborate through bilateral or multilateral agreements aimed at furthering the solutions to these remaining scientific problems. Congress noted with appreciation that Bulgaria, within the context of Resolution 26 (eg-VIII) - Hail suppression research, continued to make resources available for the conduct of internationally designed, executed and evaluated stUdies on hail suppression.

3.3.4.13 The Executive Council and evaluation of information as existing projects.

was requested to arrange for the collation it became available through the results of

3 .. 3.4.14 Congress noted with satisfaction the new "Review of the present status of weather modification" produced by the EC panel of Experts on Weather Modification and approved by EC-XXXIII. Congress directed the Executive Council to ensure that this statement was kept under review and updated as necessary.

64 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.3.4.15 past international scientific conferences on weather modification organized by WMO had provided a useful forum for all Members to exchange views and present latest results of weather modification activities at the international level. Congress agreed that another conference should be held during the ninth financial period. It also noted the value of encouraging and supporting efforts by other responsible groups to organize meetings and workshops dealing with \\1eather modification~

3.3.4.16 Congress noted that the international cloud modelling conference/ workshop reconunended by EC-XXXIV and now in the planning stage would provide an excellent opportunity for promoting the interaction between theoreticians and observers and thereby increasing the utility of numerical models in cloud physics and weather modification. Congress believed this activity to be important and encouraged further steps to increase the value of cloud and mesoscale models.

3.3.4.17 Recognizing the potential benefit of weather modification, but also the uncertainties, Congress believed that more attention should be directed towards providing general guidance to Members on sound means to make management decisions on weather modification projects.

3.3.4.18 Congress adopted Resolution 24 (Cg-IX) and its annex which sets out suggestions for international arrangements to facilitate research and development in weather modification. Congress agreed ~hat the goal of such arrangements should include the optimization of the use of resources in developing and testing rationales and techniques of weather modification of potentially broad utility for the world community and to accelerate the transfer of proven technology. Congress further recognized that WMO acti vi ties, such as sponsorship of international scientific and technical conferences, workshops, meetings of experts and publication of reports disseminating relevant knowledge and encouraging and arranging for the exchange of talent and resources among countries with similar objectives, contributed to these goals. It was agreed that these activities be continued in so far as possible, within the resources provided. Furthermore, Congress expressed the opinion that the Precipitation Enhancement project (PEP) was making a major contribution to these goals and should be pursued to the fullest extent possible. It was also noted that weather modification had many forms, for example, hail sUppression, warm and cold cloud precipitation enhancement, fog clearing and lightning suppression, and that there was a tendency for Members within a given regional Members were encouraged associations on the joint

association to have similar interests. Therefore, to work together through, for example, regional

development of weather modification technology.

3.3.4.19 Additional education and training were needed within the field of weather modification. Scholarships, in collaboration with UNDP, within the Education and Training Programme for training specialists in cloud physics and weather modification should be provided to worthy candidates to the extent practicable. periodic training seminars and workshops should be arranged for interested Members and regional associations. congress emphasized that scientific programmes, those that were randomized and could be subjected to statistical and physical tests to verify results, offered a path to progress and were preferable to those programmes which did not allow statistical or physical studies of results.

GENERAL SUMMARY 65

3.3.4.20 Congress viewed the register of national weather modification projects as useful but incomplete I and concluded that it need not be issued annually. The information gathered should be reviewed periodically to make the register as useful as practicable. Members I Congress stressed, should strive to report accurately all weather modification activities being carried out in their country when information for the register was solicited.

3.3.4.21 Local anomalous cloudiness and precipitation were known to occur due to man's activity such as the discharge of industrial wastes into the atmosphere. There was a need for up-to-date information on these effects, especially where industry was located near national boundaries.

3.3.4.22 Both intentional and inadvertent weather modification created weather effects that were, in general, difficult to detect in view of the highly variable background meteorological noise. Progress had been slow in obtaining a better physical understanding of these modification effects and a determination of the magnitude of the effects. Consequently, Congress recommended a cautious approach regarding the codification of the principles and guidelines of weather modification into firm legal regulations. The view of Congress was that a stage had not yet been reached in understanding the science of weather modification to encourage legal regulations to be drawn up. Congress instructed the Secretary-General to ensure continued collaboration between WMO and UNEP regarding these legal aspects.

3.3.4.23 Congress drew the attention of Members to the fact that the application of cloud physics to weather modification was only one aspect of cloud physics research and that its connexion with environmental pollution topics, such as acid rain, and to forecasting precipitation, hail and other weather hydrometeors had important implications for other WMO programmes. Congress urged the Secretary-General to continue to co-ordinate those parts of its pro= gramme which required cloud physics expertise and requested CAS, through its Working Group on Cloud Physics and Weather Modification, to survey the many areas in which cloud physical processes played an important part. Finally, Congress felt it important to maintain a core of scientific staff within the Secretariat to carry ·out the programme.

3.4 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (Agenda item 3.4)

Under this agenda i tern Congress considered the implementation of Resolution 26 (Cg-VII) and of Resolutions 30, 31 and 32 (Cg-VIII) relating to the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) , which had been established by Cg-VIII as one of the major programmes of the Organization. It also examined the report of the president of the Commission for Hydrology, the activities of which comprised the Operational Hydrology programme (OHP) and included the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS). Congress noted with satisfaction that, as requested by Cg-VIII, the main emphasis of the HWRP had continued to be placed on the OHP, that the first phase of HOMS had been succeSSfully implemented and that WMO's activities in hydrology and water resources had been oriented towards the economic and social goals established by the UN water Conference, and had thus concentrated in particular on the needs of the developing countries. congress considered proposals concerning WMO's future activities in the fields of operational hydrology and water-resource development. It agreed that the projects wi thin the HWRP be grouped under the following headings.

66 GENERAL SUMMARY

Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) , including the Hydrological Operational MUltipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS),

Applications and services to water resourcesl and

Co-operation with water-related programmes of other international organizations.

Congress dis·cussed and took decisions on these three programmes under agenda items 3.4.1, 3.4.2 and 3.4.3, respectively. Congress noted also that the agenda items dealing with hydrology had been scheduled so that the presence of the hydrologists in Congress was used to the optimum. It considered that a similar scheduling could be adopted not only for the next Congress but also for the sessions of the regional associations, as appropriate.

3.4.1 Operational hydrology, including the report of the president of CHy TAgenda-IEem-3:4:Ij------------------------------------------------

3.4.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the report of the president of CHy on the activities of the commission for Hydrology in implementing Resolution 26 (Cg-VII) and Resolution 30 (Cg-VIII), concerning the operational" Hydrology Programme (OHP) and the concept and implementation plan of the first phase of HOMS. It noted that the guidelines on the priorities of the OHP, as confirmed by Eighth Congress, had been followed by the Commission for Hydrology. It also noted that the commission's system of work, successfully used for the implementation of the OHP, under which members of its working groups were assigned specific tasks as rapporteurs, had also been adopted by other technical commissions. Congress also noted the CHy method of monitoring the progress of work of its rapporteurs. Congress commended the commission for Hydrology and its president for the work accomplished and requested the Secretary-General to assist, as far as possible, in effecting the timely completion of the tasks of the Commission before its seventh session scheduled for early 1984.

3.4.1.2 Congress considered and approved a list of WMO priority activities in the fields of hydrology and water resources after 1983, as "proposed by CHy-VI and endorsed by the second international conference on hydrology organized by WMO and Unesco in 1981 "(see also paragraph 3.4.3.3). Congress noted that the list of priorities had been taken into account in the Long-term Plan of WMO (considered under agenda item 7), and had also served as a basis for the preparation of the programme and budget of the OHP for the ninth financial period. Congress requested the commission for Hydrology to prepare a plan for implementation of the priority activities offering more detailed descriptions and taking into account their relative importance and the availability of resources, as approved by Congress. Congress embodied its decisions in Resolution 25 (Cg-IX).

3.4.L3 Congress considered under agenda item 10.2 the amendments to the terms of reference of the Commission for Hydrology which were proposed by the Commission in order to reflect more accurately its various activities related in particular to the organized transfer of hydrological technology. It approved these amendments in Resolution 47 (Cg-IX).

GENERAL SUMMARY 67

3.4.1.4 Congress also considered the proposal of the president of CHy, made on behalf of his Commission, for the continuation beyond the present intersessional period of the arrangements for the designation of regional hydrological advisers as set out in Resolution 31 (Cg-VIII). The decision on this matter is recorded under agenda item 10.2.

3.4.1.5 Proposals by CHy-VI for amendments and additions to the Technical Regulations, Vol. III - Hydrology, were considered and approved by Congress under agenda item 2.3. Congress also noted that the Executive Committee, as authorized by ·Cg-VIII, had approved additional sections (based on ISO standards) for inclusion in the Annex to Volume III of the Technical Regulations. Congress confirmed the delegation of authority to the Executive Council to approve subsequent amendments and additions to the Annex.

3.4.1.6 Congress noted the report of the president of CHy on the first phase of HOMS and welcomed the succeSS which the sub-programme had achieved. It noted also that HOMS was receiving the strong support of Members, 62 of whom had established HOMS National Reference Centres (HNRCs), and that these Members were already benefiting from the serviqes of HOMS. In considering the outline plan for the second phase of HOMS, Congress recognized the importance of seconded experts from HNRCs in the detailed management of the sub-programme and requested the Secretary-General to continue to convene meetings of these experts, as appropriate, within available funds. congress further noted the need for long-term planning of transfer of knowledge and proven techniques, particularly at the national level, and approved the activities foreseen in the second phase of HOMS to cover the ninth and tenth financial periods (1984 to 1991). It stressed in particular the great need for training in the use of HOMS components, for which funds were foreseen in the Education and Training Programme of WMO. In this connexion, Congress was informed of efforts by several Members to provide training in operational hydrology at all levels to person-neI of Services, especi-ally those from developi-ng countries. :It requested the Secretary-Ge-neral to support such efforts wi thin resources available, in particular, by providing lecturers ,if requested by developing countries. These decisions were also incorporated in Resolution 25- CCg-IX).

3.4.1. 7 Congress further noted with satisfaction the good co-operation of . CHy with other technical commissions in the development of activities which

were of common interest. It noted the co-operation existing with the regional associations and their working groups and rapporteurs responsible for the implementation of the OHP at the regional level, and agreed that CHy should continue, as in the past, to provide methodological advice to the appropriate bodies of regional associations. It agreed that the working groups on hydrology of the regional associations should continue implementing those parts of the OHP which were of particular relevance to the problems of their Regions. Noting with satisfaction that all regional associations had now established a working group on hydrology and that the chairmen of these groups had also been appointed as regional hydrological advisers to the presidents of the regional associations, Congress ·agreed that occasional co-ordination meetings could be held between the president of CHy and these advisers, taking advantage of their attendance at sessions of the Executive council, so as to exchange experience on and further co-ordinate activities at global and regional levels.

3.4.1.8 Congress endorsed the request by the Executive comrodttee, based on a recommendation made by CHy-VI, that the Secretary-General ascertain whether Hydrological or Hydrometeorological Services of Members would be willing to contribute, through the VCP, in the execution of relevant technical cooperation programmes.

68 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.4.1.9 Congress also noted with approval the proposal of CHy for a plan of scientific meetings to be organized or co-sponsored by WMO in the field of operational hydrology, on the understanding that the implementation of this plan would be adjusted on a yearly basis by the Executive Council.

3.4.1.10 Congress considered all the projects proposed for implementation under the Operational Hydrology Programme during the next financial period,. and agreed that they corresponded with the list of priorities it had approved. It requested Members to provide full support for the implementation of the Operational Hydrology Programme. It recorded its relevant decisions in Resolution 25 (Cg-IX). Congress finally noted the proposal by UNDRO that a study be made of the feasibility of establishing regional flood monitoring systems and requested CRy to consider this matter at its seventh session. The delegation of India expressed reservation about the proposal by UNDRO, because it felt that flood monitoring was outside the jurisdiction of many Meteorological Services.

3.4.2

3.4.2.1 Congress noted the importance of the applications and services of hydrology and meteorology to water-resource development anQ to water-resource aspects of environmental management in view of the critical conditions of water resources in the world and in developing countries in particular. It recognized the special role played by the Hydrology and water Resources Pro-' gramme (HWRP) in contributing both to the various meteorological and climatological projects of WMO which have important hydrological aspects and to a number of international programmes organized by other agencies of the united Nations system. -

3.4.2.2 Congress endorsed the proposals for the continuation of this high degree of inter-programme collaboration, seeing it as the best means of providing adequate support for the water-related activities concerned and, at the same time, ensuring the most efficient use of available funds.

3.4.2.3 Congress noted in particular the need to continue the strong technical support provided by the HWRP for the water-related activities of the World Climate Programme, which are grouped under WCAP-Water (considered under agenda item 3.2), for the Tropical Cyclone Programme and TOPEX (discussed under agenda item 3.1.9), and for activities in the fields of energy, drought and desertification, and weather modification (considered u~der agenda items 3.2.1 and 3.3.4).

3.4.2.4 Congress note.d with satisfaction that WMO continued to take the lead jointly with Unesco in international activities related to the assessment of water resources by Hydrological and Meteorological Services, particularly in developing countries, and decided that these efforts should be continued and should concentrate in future on the provision of advice and assistance to these Services of Members in the use of the techniques and methodologies that had already been developed. The inputs made by WMO in the field of hydrology to international programmes of the United Nations system regarding drinking water supplies, sanitation, food and energy-production were also welcomed. It was agreed that such contributions should continue to be made by WMO when appropriate and within the limited funding available.

3.4.2.5 referred of CHy.

It was emphasized that the various inputs and contributions to above would be based principally on the OHP and hence on the work Specific mention was made of the potential value of HOMS in this

GENERAL SUMMARY 69

regard. Congress agreed that the current high degree of inter-programme collaboration in the water field should be continued and supported by implementation of the proposed projects wi thin the Programme on Applications and Services to water Resources. It recorded its decisions on this agenda item in Resolution 26 (Cg-IX).

3.4.3 Co-operation with water-related programmes of other international ~E~~~~~~~~~~~-(Agenda-item-3:4:3)--------------------------------

3.4.3.1 Congress noted the wide range of international programmes undertaken in the general field of water resources and the large number of governmental and non-governmental organizations involved therein. It expressed its satisfaction with the manner in which Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII) had been implemented to provide an effective follow-up to the UN water Conference and to ensure the efficient co-ordination of WMO'S activities. in this field with those of the other organizations.

3.4.3.2 Co-operation with these organizations had proved to be a most effective way of using the machinery and resources of both WMO and the other organizations concerned to maximize the benefit to Members.

3.4.3.3 Congress noted with satisfaction that, as approved in Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII), a second international conference on hydrology had been convened jointly by WMO and Unesco and held in Paris in August 1981, in particular to co-ordinate the programmes of both organizations in this field. It welcomed the views and recommendations of the conference, in particular the recommendations addressed to WMO, and noted that these had been taken into account in the preparation of the proposals presented to Congress for the Long-term Plan of WMO and its programme and budget for 1984-1987. Congress agreed that a third such conference could be held during the next financial period and that close co-ordination with Unesco be continued together with collaboration in the IHP of that organization.

3.4.3.4 Congress expressed the wish that WMO continue to co-operate with other organizations of the United Nations system which, in addition to Unesco, included the united Nations, its Regional Economic Commissions, UNEP, UNDRO, FAO, wao and IAEA, sO as to ensure that it fulfilled its wider responsibilities concerning matters relating to operational hydrology. Particular note was taken of the proposal by UNDRO. The need was also recognized for the Organization to work with other international and regional bodies, such as international river-basin commissions, ACSAD, ISO, IIASA, and non-governmental scientific bodies, including those of ICSU (lARS), UATI (ICID, ICOLD and IAHR) and IWRA.

3.4.3.5 Congress agreed that the major part of these collaborative activities should be implemented by the projects within the programme for cooperation with water-related programmes of other international organizations and incorporated its decisions on this agenda item in Resolution 27 (Cg-IX).

3.5 Education and Training programme (Agenda item 3.5)

General

Congress reviewed with satisfaction the activities of the Organization in the field of education and training during the eighth financial period, and expressed its appreciation of the manner in which the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General had carried out the directives of Eighth

70 GENERAL SUMMARY

Congress in this field. It agreed that the Education and Training programme should continue to be regarded as a matter of very high priority of the Organization and that, during the ninth financial period, a commensurate effort should be made to provide assistance and advice to Members in the field of education and training. This would help them to attain a self-reliant training capability and to meet the increasing demands for qualified personnel required for the application of meteorology and operational hydrology in various fields of economic and social development of countries I nations and peoples, and for the development of WMO technical and scientific programmes. Congress greatly appreciated the assistance given to this programme under the UNDP, VCP and FIT.

3.5.1

3.5.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that, since Eighth Congress, three new Regional Meteorological Training Centres had been designated, one in each of the following countries, Angola, Brazil and Madagascar. other RTMCs in operation were in Algeria, Argentina, Barbados (Caribbean Meteorological Organization), Costa Rica, Egypt, Iraq, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria and the Philippines. Each of these centres had continued to function efficiently and some had trained a considerable number of foreign students since Eighth Congress. Congress also noted that action was being taken by Venezuela to put inoperation the Regional Meteorological Training Centre at the Central Universi ty of Venezuela. Congress, however, expressed the view that every effort should be made to ensure that all existing RMTCs were functioning with required efficiency and effectiveness before the establishment of additional new centres.

3.5.1.2 Considering the many common problems facing RMTCs, Congress requested the Secretary-General to continue his action in assisting the centres, and in finding ways and means of strengthening them. Congress also noted with appreciation the decisions taken by EC-XXXIV in regard to monitoring the activities of RMTCs by the WMO Secretariat and the maintenance of links with them.

3.5.1.3 Congress agreed that the use of roving experts and visiting scientists would be of significant benefit to the training activities in developing countries, and that such experts and scientists would contribute to the transfer of knowledge and proven methodologies to, as well as among, developing countries. Roving experts and visiting scientists would help to alleviate some of the problems facing RMTCs, in particular by remedying the deficiencies in courses in specialized subject a+eas.

3.5.1.4 Congress discussed a proposal regarding the establishment on a trial basis of WMO regional training institutes to be located in suitably selected areas and to be sponsored and administered by WMO. In this connexion, Congress requested the Executive council to examine the budget and organizational implications of the proposal.

3.5.1.5 Congress noted that there had been marked advancements and rapi d developments in many of the main subjects of the programmes of WMO and that the syllabi in these subjects had been updated and woulo be incorporated in the thiro edition of the WMO Guidelines for the Education and Training of Personnel in Meteorology and Operational Hydrology to be publisheo soon.

GENERAL SUMMARY 71

3.5.1. 6 Congress noted the numerous training publications (blue series) prepared and published by the Organization and those under preparation since its eighth session. These publications, which included compendia of lecture notes in different fields, were being used extensively in national and regional training centres. Congress agreed that the activities on the preparation and publication of training materials, including syllabi, compendia of lecture notes, synoptic chart series, etc. should be continued during the ninth financial period. In this connexion, while noting with satisfaction the efforts by certain Members to assist in the translation of training material into the official languages of the Organization, Congress felt that the Executive Council should take appropriate measures to ensure the translation of as many of the publications as possible into these languages.

3.5.1.7 congress noted with satisfaction that the WMO Training Library continued to advise Members on the availability of training materials and to provide instructional films on a loan basis to Members on request. At the same time, Congress also noted that there was further need for a wider utilization of the services offered by the Training Library. Congress agreed to strengthen the library to ensure meeting Members I requirements for textbooks and audio-visual aids, in particular, instructional films, slides, wall charts, video cassettes, correspondence course material, etc. To assist the WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centres, a WMO Training Books Loan Service was to be initiated durin"g the ninth period on a trial basis. There was general agreement with the proposal of EC-XXXIII to enlarge and modernize the Training Library so as to keep abreast of technological developments in the educational field in such areas as computer-assisted learning, etc.

3.5.1.8 Congress noted with appreciation the activities on collecting appropriate material on correspondence courses in meteorology and operational hydrology, and agreed that such courses and information should be used for supplementing the conventional training programmes. In this connexion, the Secretary-General was. requested to continue his action of int~rning and advising Members on these courses and assisting the RMTCS with the introduction of this form of training in their programmes.

3.5.1. 9 Congress was also pleased to note the offers of some Members to provide the WMO Training Library and RMTCs with textbooks and journals, material on correspondence courses, and translations of training texts in meteorological fields. It further invited Members who published books and other teaching aids of general interest in meteorology and operational hydrology to provide the WMO Training Library with at least one copy of each item.

3.5.2

3.5.2.1 congress noted that during the eighth financial period several training courses, seminars, workshops and a symposium had been successfully organized in a number of specialized fields and that the evaluation of these events had shown that the knowledge and experience gained by the respective participants were both relevant and beneficial to their jobs. It agreed that there was a continuing need for the organization of such training events in particular at the regional level, and in the environment and language suited to the trainees.

72 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.5.2.2 Congress recognized the importance of the training of instructors in view of the resulting favourable cost-benefit factor from investing in the training of staff who would in turn train larger numbers of operational personnelD It accordingly agreed that emphasis should be placed on the training of instructors in the art of instructing as well as in the specialized subjects in which they are to instruct at Regional Meteorological Training Centres or at National Meteorological Training Centres~

3.5.2.3 l'Jith regard to the efforts of many Members, international agencies and institutions in the organization or sponsorship of training events, Congress reiterated its deep appreciation of these efforts and support of the Organization's Education and Training programme. Congress, nevertheless, urged Members to continue with such activities and support of training events, in particular through the hosting of training events and through the provision of support for lecturers and participants attending the events.

~urP£.r!. £.f _ t!:a~n~n£!. ~v~n!.s _t£. £.e ~5'!e~e~t~d _~d~r _o!.h~r _ ~j£.r _~O !:.r£.gE.~::'s

3.5.2.4 Congress again emphasized the importance of the effective transfer of knowledge and proven methodologies between Members in general, and in particular to Members in the developing world to enable such countries to participate effectively in, and derive benefits from, the Organization's programmes in meteorology and operational hydrology. It also stressed that the organization of relevant training events in the scientific and technical fields under the Organi.zation' s major programmes was an important means of narrowing the technological gap between the developed and developing countries. Congress emphasized the need for the training of technicians and agreed that training courses, workshops or seminars, including roving seminars, should be organized in subject areas such as: the maintenance of radars and other electronic meteorological equipment~ maintenance of meteorological instruments, data processing and management, long-range forecasting,. very short-range forecasting,. quantitative precipitation forecasting) agricultural meteorology, marine meteorologyJ satellite meteorology, radar meteorology; hydrometeorology,. solar and wind energy applications) tropical cyclone detection and warning, and training in research methods.

3.5.3

3.5.3.1 Congress agreed that the training of personnel of all grades of specialization continued to be the greatest and most pressing need of the Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the developing countries. Congress considered that the availability and award of long-term and short-term fellowships had been very effective in assisting the developing countries to realize their required trained manpower. It noted that the number of fellowship requests continued to increase. It therefore recommended that adequate provisions and suitable mechanisms be employed so as to ensure the availability of the trained manpower required at all levels, including postgraduate level, by the developing countries. In this connexion, Congress emphasized that every opportunity should be taken to fully utilize existing VCP and other fellowship offers. In addition, Congress suggested that there should be increased activities through technical co-operation among developing countries, especially with respect to fellowships tenable in WMO RMTCs and other national training institutions.

GENERAL SUMMARY 73

3.5.3.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that the Secretary-General had used the fellowship provision under the regular budget judiciously. Congress felt that the fellowship provision in the regular budget, while relatively small, served a very useful purpose I as it had assisted many Members in the training of their deserving candidates, which might not otherwise have been possible through extra-budgetary resources. Recognizing the ever-increasing need for fellowships, Congress therefore decided to continue the provision of fellowship funds during the ninth financial period. Congress I however, also urged Members to ensure the most effective and efficient use of fellowship resources and to explore additional mechanisms for fellowship implementation such as TCDC.

3.5.3.3 Congress noted that there were adverse effects on the development and implementation of educat·ion· and training activities as a result of the curtailment of funds from the UNDP. It nevertheless stressed that Members should exert renewed efforts to increase the fellowship components in relevant UNDP projects, country as well as inter-country. It also expressed the desirability of more fellowships under the funds-in-trust arrangements where donor countries placed certain sums at the disposition of WMO for particular training purposes.

3.5.3.4 Congress noted with appreciation the significant contribution by Members to the WMO Fellowship Programme under VCP. It agreed on the continuing need for fellowships under VCP including those provided under VCP(F). Tn this connexion, it appealed to those Members who had not already done so to participate in the VCP fellowship contribution.

3.5.3.5 Congress strongly urged donor Members to meet the need for more VCP fellowships, particularly for postgraduate studies in selected fields for which present offers· were limited or not available. It expressed the view

-that postgraduate tra-ining of some sui table personnel wi thin a national Service could help pave the way towards a self-reliant training capability up to a certain appropriate level and enable the Service to pursue research with the primary aim of improving its operational capability.

3.5.3.6 Congress recalled that there were distinct advantages for candidates to be trained in their own regions. It noted with appreciation that some donor Members already provided fellowships under the VCP, tenable at training institutions in the candidates lawn regions, and restated its previous request (Cg-VII) that other donor Members also consider the possibility of providing such fellowships.

3.5.3.7 Considering the availability of correspondence courses in institu-tions of some countries and the cost-effectiveness of correspondence courses, Congress urged those Members hosting institutions wi th correspondence-course facilities to offer VCP assistance for following appropriate correspondence courses in such institutions. Congress noted, however, that the correspondence courses and such VCP assistance were both supplemental to the conventional training courses and VCP fellowships, and, in addition, it was of the opinion that the value of these courses should be monitored.

74 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.5.3.8 Congress emphasized the need for the best utilization of fellowship funds for obtaining the maximum benefits from training, and directed that the cost of a fellowship should be a significant factor in selecting an institution from a list of suitable institutions where the fellowship should be tenable.

3.5.3.9 Congress gratefully acknowledged the offers of training fellowships proposed by several Members, especially those offers which had not previously been available, such as fellowships tenable on national and regional training programmes, including postgraduate training.

3.5.3.10 Congress appreciated the excellent work carried out by the EC panel of Experts on Education and Training. It noted that the panel had been re-established by EC-XXXIV. The Executive Council was invited to consider the continuation of this body to act as a focal point for the Organization's education and training activities during the ninth financia~ period.

3.5.3.11 In considering the future activities of the Organization, it was agreed that the current projects should be continued a.nd intensified. However, Congress noted th.at, with the rapid technological advances which were taking place in meteorology and operational hydrology, there continued to be a need for trained personnel to cope with these advances. It was, therefore, of utmost importance that during the ninth financial period the Education and Training programme should be intensified to enable it to respond efficiently to the overall effort concerning the transfer of knowledge and proven methodologies between Members. In this connexion, Congress agreed that there was a need for a manpower development programme to be based primarily on a careful assessment of manpower requirements of national Meteorological and Hydrological Services and to be stratified according to geography, fields of specialization, levels for which training would b~ required, etc.

3.5.3.12 It was further agreed that the studies and surveys on the training requirements to be undertaken during the ninth financial period should be directed towards the implementation of such an overall assessment, which in its turn should be used for the development of a suitably tailored education and training programme for the tenth financial period.

3.5.3.13 Congress recognized the need for popularizing meteorology and for the teaching of basic meteorology in secondary schools. It was, therefore, pleased to note that the Executive committee had already requested the Secretary-General to take the necessary action in WMO's collaboration with UNEP and Unesco to stimulate the introduction of meteorology or atmospheric sciences and hydrology in the schools and national education systems of Members.

3.5.3.14 The decisions of Congress related to education and training are incorporated in Resolution 28 (Cg-IX).

GENERAL SUMMARY 75

3.6 Regional Programme (Agenda item 3.6)

3.6.1 Regional activities, including the reports of presidents of E~S!2~~!:~~~2E!~!!2~~--(Agenda-rEem-3:6:1)-----------------

Reports of the presidents of regional associations ---------------~---------

3.6.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the reports of the presidents of regional associations. These reports gave a review of the major activities of the regional associations since Eighth Congress, highlighting those which required action by Congress, particularly the support needed to implement the work programme of regional associations during the ninth financial period.

3.6.1.2 The various matters raised in these reports were considered under the relevant agenda items. In particular, Congress noted the following items of particular regional interest,

(a)

(b)

( c)

The high priority given to the need for promoting the implementation of the WWW as well as education and training programmes I

particularly in the developing countries,

The need for the Organization to devote particular attention to research activiti~s, including those related to GARP regional experiments, such as WAMEX. In this connexion, Congress agreed that the WAMEX Scientific and Management Regional Committee should continue during the ninth _financial period)

The considerable importance attached to the valuable work of the Regional Offices as the arms of the Secretariat in the Regions and the need to provide these Offices with adequate facilities to efficiently perform their important task of assisting the Members of their respective Regions.

3.6.1.3 At the request of the president of RA VI, Congress invited the -Secretary-General to designate a focal point in the Secretariat for the activities of Region VI, the only WMO Region without a Regional Office.

3.6.1.4 Congress reviewed the activities carried out by the Regional Offices during the eighth financial period and expressed satisfaction at the good work achieved by these Offices for their respective Regions. In regard to the Regional Offices located in the Regions, it expressed the view that the trend towards decentralization, which was proving to be effective in bringing the action of the Secretariat closer to where the most critical problems were, should gradually be strengthened. It therefore decided that the Regional Offices should continue and expand their services in the ninth financial period.

3.6.1.5 Congress expressed its deep appreciation to the Governments of Burundi and Paraguay for having hosted the Regional Offices for Africa and for Latin America, respectively, during the eighth financial period. Congress also expressed its thanks to all other Members of FA I which had shown their interest in hosting the Regional Office for Africa.

76 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.6.1.6 Congress decided that the names of the Regional Offices for Asia and Latin America should be changed to "Regional Office for Asia and the South-West pacific" and "Regional Office for the AInericas ll I respectively I in order to reflect more accurately their areas of responsibility.

3.6.1.7 As regards the location of the Regional Offices during the ninth financial period, Congress decided that:

(a)

(b)

The Regional Office for Africa and the Regional Office for the Americas should continue to be located in their respective Regions. Congress accordingly authorized the Secretary-General to negotiate the necessary agreements with the host countries)

The Regional Office for Asia and the south-west Pacific should continue to be located for the present in the WMO Headquarters in Geneva. Congress further agreed that the future location of this Office in the Region should be reviewed by Tenth Congress in the light of recommendations on this question by the next sessions of Regional Associations II (Asia) and V (South-West pacific).

3.6.1.8 Some delegations of Regions III and IV expressed the wish that the Regional Office for the Americas should be more centrally located with respect to the two Regions. In this respect, Congress authorized the Secretary-General to negotiate on issues related to the location of the Regional Office of the Americas with the appropriate authorities in the light of experience gained during the ninth financial period.

3.6.1.9 Furthermore, congress authorized the Secretary-General, in consultation with the president(s) of regional association(s) concerned, to consider changing the location of a Regional Office, if there were difficulties in the continuation of that Regional Office at its present location.

3.6.1.10 Congress considered the grade of the posts of the regional directors and authorized the Executive Council to take the necessary measures to upgrade these posts, when and if so classified, in accordance with the Master Standard of the ICSC for the classification of posts in the United Nations.

3.6.1.11 Congress agreed that the revised responsibilities of the Regional Offices submitted by the Secretary-General, as given in Annex IV, should be used as guidelines in adjusting the duties and functions of departments and offices of the Secretariat. In this respect, it was considered that the regional directors should report directly to the Secretary-General, in the same way as the other directors of departments in the WMO Secretariat. Congress further requested the Executive Council to study the need to expand the functions and responsibilities of the Regional Offices to include certain functions which were being carried out at present by the Secretariat Headquarters and report to Tenth Congress.

3.6.1.12 Congress agreed with the proposal by the Secretary-General that there was a need for additional staff in the Regional Office for Africa and the Regional Office for the Americas. This would enable these Offices to serve the Members in their Regions better. The additional staff requirement would be made up of two p and one G staff for the Regional Office for Africa and one P staff for the Regional Office for the Americas. As these additional staff were not specifically provided for in the total number of established posts in the Secretariat for the ninth financial period, Congress requested

GENERAL SUMMARY 77

the Secretary-General to find, in due course, ways of meeting these requirements without any increases in the total number of staff for the ninth financial period.

3.6.1.13 Congress recognized that there was a requirement for an additional professional staff member in the Regional Office for the Americas, but this could not be provided for at this time. It thus requested the Executive Council and the Secretary-General to provide interim alternative solutions in terms of an increase in seconded experts and the transfer of one further professional post from the Geneva Headquarters, if possible, during the ninth financial period. It further requested the Secretary-General to propose to Tenth Congress an increase in personnel at the Regional Office for the Americas in the light of experience gained in the ninth financial period.

3.6.1.14 Congress further decided that as long as the Regional Office for Asia and the South-West pacific was located in the WMO Headquarters in Geneva, expert services in specific fields of activity to support the Office should be provided by the technical departments of WMO. Support for the other two Regional Offices in areas where local expertise was not available would continue to be provided by the technical departments of WMO.

3.6.1.15 congress recognized the advantages of holding sessions of regional associations in the respective Regions. It noted that the principle of the host country bearing the difference between the cost of holding the session of a regional association in ~eneva and the host country, established by Cg-Vr, had caused difficulties in a-orne Regions in finding hosts for sessions of regional associations, because of the higher costs involved~ congress, therefore, requested the Executive Council to review the present financial contributions by WMO to sessions of regional associations, with a view to reducing the cost differential to potential host countries, and to submit its proposals ih this regard to Tenth congress. One method of achieving this would be 10e use a reference location wi thin the Region for the purpose of estimating the cost of a session (see also paragraph 5.2.4 below).

3.6.1.16 As regards the implementation of the Regional Programme, Congress noted, in the context of discussion on budgetary allocations for the Regional Programme, that there had been some difficulties in the full implementation of the programme in the eighth financial period. Congress accordingly requested the Executive Council to monitor the implementation of this programme closely in the ninth financial period.

3.6.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the work of the Executive Committee and also the work carried out by its Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology to co-ordinate the meteorological programmes in the Antarctic. Congress felt that these arrangements were, in general, satisfactory and agreed that ,a

regular session of the -EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology should be held once per financial period.

3.6.2.2 Congress considered the question of participatiqn in the work of the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology by Members who had not yet acceded to the Antarctic Treaty but who had active meteorological programmes

78 GENERAL SUMMARY

in the Antarctic. Congress agreed that the Executive Council should examine the possibility of inviting experts designated by such Members to participate in the work of the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology. Congress adopted Resolution 29 (Cg-IX).

4.

4.1

TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION ACTIVITIES (Agenda item 4)

General review of technical co-operation activities (Agenda item 4.1)

4.1.1 Congress reviewed the document submitted by the Secretary-General presenting a summary and statistical analysis of technical co-operation activities carried out in the eighth financial period as well as comparisons made with assistance rendered in the two previous four-year periods. Congress expressed its appreciation of the new format of the document and commended the Secretary-General on the brevity and clarity of its presentation. The increased use of diagrams was appreciated.

4.1.2 The steady increase in dollar terms in technical co-operation activities carried out since sixth Congress was noted with_satisfaction, project expenditure had grown from US $34 million in the period 1971-1974 to $76 million in the period 1979-1982, when 128 countries had benefited from assistance in one form or another. It was recognized, however, that inflationhad played a very considerable part in this increase and that in terms of units of assistance, the level of technical co-operation activities in recent years was only slightly greater than in the early 1970s~ there having been a substantial drop in the mid-1970s. It was noted that UNDP had continued to be the major source of financing, representing 56.3 per cent of the total, while VCP had provided 25.4 per cent, trust funds 15.8 per cent and the regular budget 2.5 per cent. Great concern was expressed at the fact that in 1982 there had been a decrease in expenditure on UNDP projects compared with the previous year. Disappointment was also expressed at the relative stagnation in the levels of assistance provided through VCP, although there had been an increase in assistance through trust-fund activities.

·4.1.3 In the light of these developments and the increasing need for assistance to allow developing countries to p~rticipate in, and benefit from, WMO programmes such as WWW and WCP, Congress urged all Members and the Secretary-General to explore and develop other avenues of assistance, especially through bilateral arrangements which were already making a major contribution to the development and strengthening of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in developing countries, and through other financing institutions, such as the Regional Development Banks.. In this connexion, the Secretary-General was requested to gather from Members, for inclusion in his report to Tenth Congress ,information on assistance provided in the field of meteorology and operational hydrology from sources other than UNDP, VCP and trust funds, whether multilateral or bilateral, and especially from those major donor countries which did not participate in the VCP. Congress also stressed the importance and unique nature of the VCP as WMO's own technical co-operation programme and made a plea for further donors, large and small.

4.1.4 As regards the breakdown in the types of assistance, congress examined with interest the information provided by the Secretary-General on expert services, training and equipment. It was noted with regret that the proportional expenditure on equipment and training vis-~-vis experts had decreased compared with the two previous financial periods and Congress

GENERAL SUMMARY 79

expressed the view that· greater emphasis should be placed in the next financial period on the provision of equipment and especially training. In this connexion, it was thought desirable that more use could be made of UN Volunteers, experts serving under TCDC arrangements and short-term consultants in place of conventional expert services, which were relatively expensive.

4.1.5 As regards training, on which approximately 20 per cent of the resources were spent, the picture was nevertheless encouraging in that there had been an increase over the l2-year period with an average annual total of just under 3 000 man-months of fellowships. It was gratifying to note that although the total number of UNDP fellowships had not changed substantially, the number of students completing fellowships under VCP and the regular budget had markedly increased. Congress stressed the importance of training in connexion with the provision of equipment. With regard to the utilization of fellows after returning from training, Congress noted with concern the percentage of fellows who had left their national Meteorological or Hydrological Service since being trained. It was 8ugg.ested that means be considered by individual Members to ensure that trainees spent a predetermined period in their national Services after their return from training under Wfl10 fellowships.

4.1.6 The 92 per cent response from Members to the Secretary-General' s questionnaire seeking their evaluation of technical co-operation activities was commended by congress. It was gratifying to note that, in almost all cases, Members were satisfied with the response received from the Secretariat and UNDP field offices with regard to project planning and formulation and project implementation. including fellowship placement, equipment purchase and expert recruitment. -It was also noted that in general the accomplishments and recommendations of WMO experts who had served during the period 1975-1982 were satisfactory and reasonable.- -

4.2 United Nations Development Programme (Agenda item 4.2)

4.2.1 Congress noted that, through the participation of WMO in the United Nations Dev.elopment Programme during the eighth financial period, the assistance provided to Members had totalled nearly US $43 million, an increase of some 60 per cent over that provided during the previous four-year period, and that the WMO share of the total UNDP field programme had been around two per cent. It was recognized, however, that in real terms the actual assistance rendered was at much the s_ame level as it had been some 10 or 12 years previously. Congress also noted with appreciation that WMO was considered by UNDP to be among the most effective and efficient agencies executing UNDP projects.

4.2.2 The drop in programme delivery in 1982 due to a sharp reduction in real terms in the voluntary contributions to UNDP was noted with serious concern, as were the prospects for the immediate future in the light of the information that the total UNDP resources available for the years 1982 to 1986 were now estimated as being only 55 per cent of that envisaged in 1980. Congress appreciated that it was difficult to predict with any degree of accuracy the impact this would have on WMO technical co-operation activities but recognized that many regional projects, particularly in Africa and Latin America, were already being seriously affected and that the situation might not improve in the coming two or three years. It was thus all the more important that even greater efforts be made by Members and by the Secretary-General to ensure

80 GENERAL SUMMARY

that adequate priority be attached to the need for the development of Meteorological and Hydrological Services when UNDP country and inter-country programmes were prepared. Considering the difficulties often encountered in persuading individual gover~ents to attach sufficient priority to meteorology in the preparation of their country programmes, Congress stressed the importance of UNDP inter-country projects in assisting countries to participate in, contribute to and, therefore, benefit from WMO programmes which \-J'ere established to meet regional and world-wide needs rather than those of individual countries.

4.2.3 In this connexion, congress expressed its appreciation for the UNDP allocation of resources for sectoral support which had been of considerable assistance to many Permanent Representatives and had allowed WMO to play a greater role in UNDP country programming. It was noted with satisfaction that over sixty countries had been visited since 1979 by the sectoral adviser in either meteorology or operational hydrology, or both, and that in several cases the projects developed and proposed had been included in theUNDP programmes of the countries concerned. Congress requested the Secretary-General to convey its appreciation to the administration of UNDP and to urge the continuation of the allocation of resources for this purpose at least at the present levels.

4.2.4 Congress noted with interest the information provided by the Secretary-General on the concept of technical co-operation among developing countries (TCDC) and on the action taken by the regional associations and the Secretary-General to support and strengthen this form of assistance. Congress agreed that a number of mechanisms already existed within WMO to facilitate and encourage TCDC and supported the view expressed by some of the regional associations that the Voluntary Co-operation Programme provided an excellent vehicle for the promotion and implementation of this type of co-operation between countries. Congress considered that, while the initiative lay mainly with developing countries themselves, the Secretariat and the Regional Offices in particular could play a catalytic role in establishing requirements, identifying assistance sources and facilitating contacts between countries. Members were therefore urged to advise the Secretary-General of the type of assistance that they might be in a position to provide (e.g. short-term expert advice, training) and of what, if any, additional financial contributions would be required (e.g. cost of air travel) either from WMO or from the recipient country. Congress also agreed that VCP(F) could be used for this additional contribution, provided of course that the other procedures and priorities laid down for VCP were respected. Congress reinforced its support for the principles of TCDC and decided to retain in force Resolution 36 (Cg-VIII) •

4.2.5 Another relatively new concept which Congress considered was that of the government execution of UNDP projects. It was noted that relatively few projects had been executed so far by governments (rather than by agencies of the UN system), and none of them in the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology. but that UNDP was anxious to speed up the implementation of the concept. Congress fully supported the principle of government execution as a means of promoting self-reliance, and authorized the Secretary-General, within the resources available, to provide governments on request with assistance and advice. but reaffirmed the principle that any· additional costs incurred in providing such services to government-executed UNDP projects should be reimbursed.

GENERAL SUMMARY 81

4.2.6 Congress welcomed the steps being taken by UNDP to ensure that equipment provided under UNDP projects was for the true purposes of technical co-operation. It was particularly gratifying to note the UNDP view that "UNDP resources could be used to finance equipment for operational purposes permitting participation in regional or world-wide systems (e.g. in the areas of telecommunications I meteorology or civil aviation) 11. Congress requested the Secretary-General to continue to co-operate with UNDP in further studies on this question in order to enhance the effectiveness of UNDP-financed equipment, which constituted such an important part of WMO projects.

4.2.7 Concerning the recruitment of project professional staff, Congress fully endorsed the procedures currently being followed by the SecretaryGeneral. In particular, Congress stressed the importance of circulating, when possible and practical, all vacancy announcements for expert posts to all Members in order to promote open international recruitment. and ensure that the most suitable experts were made available to technical co-operation projects. In this connexion, Congress urged Permanent Representatives to give as wide a distribution as possible within their respective countries of WMO vacancy notices in order to attract, when appropriate, applications from experts in academic and scientific institutions outside the national Meteorological Services. It was also considered that the Regional Offices could be of assistance in expert recruitment.

4.2.8 Congress requested the Secretary-General to explore alternatives to conventional expert services whereby the advice and assistance in UNDPfinanced projects in developing countries could be provided by one Meteorological or Hydrological Service for another, rather than by an individually recruited expert. It was felt that, through this type of institutional support, the experts or consultants serving in developing countries -would have the full backing and support of their national Service rather than relying solely on their own resources -and -would -thus be ion -a be-tte-r p-os-i tion to provide the full range of assistance required. Congress incorporated its decisions on the subject of expert recruitment in Resolution 30 (Cg-IX).

4.2.9 Congress also noted the steps being taken to encourage the use of nationals as experts. in UNDP-supported projects in their own countries, and

.requested the Secretary-General to initiate steps through Permanent Representatives in a few selected countries to determine whether national experts might be available for particular projects and arrange, as appropriate, for their recruitment.. Similarly, Congress noted with satisfaction that the use of UN Volunteers in UNDP/WMO projects had proved most satisfactory and encouraged the further use of such volunteers, as and when appropriate, as an alternative to conventional expert services.

4.2.10 Congress agreed that WMO would continue to depend on the UNDP to finance a substantial portion of its technical co-operation activities and adopted Resolution 31 (Cg-IX) reflecting its decisions in this regard.

4.3 Voluntary Co-operation Programme (VCP) (Agenda item 4.3)

4.3.1

4.3.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that the progress achieved through the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme fully justified the decision of Eighth Congress to continue the VCP for providing assistance in,

(a) The implementation of the WWW plan as a first priority)

82

(b)

(c)

( d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

4.3.1.2

GENERAL SUMMARY

The granting of long-term fellowships for university and academic training)

The granting of short-term fellowships for technical training,

The support of short-term training seminars for personnel engaged in the WlW and other activities covered under the VCP,

The support of agrometeorological activities,

The application of the WWW in the field of hydrology,

The establishment of observing and data-processing facilities necessary for the World Climate Programme.

The Voluntary Co-operation namely the Voluntary Co-operation Fund Programme (VCP(ES». As authorized by

Programme consists of two components, (VCP(F» and the Equipment and Service Eighth Congress, the ExecutiV'e Commit-

tee, at its thirty-first session, approved the "Rules for the Utilization of the WMO voluntary Co-operation Programme (VCP)" and subsequently amended them at its thirty-second session. These rules define the resources, the management arrangements, procedures for project formulation, their approval and their implementation. The authority for approving the utilization of VCP(F) and VCP(ES) rests with the EC Panel of Experts on the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme.

4.3.1.3 Congress noted that a total of 159 projects in 80 countries were completed during the period 1979-1982. As of 31 December 1982, 74 projects were under implementation in 50 countries, 58 with full support and 16 wi th partial support, leaving, however, 144 projects still seeking assistance. In addi tion, between 1 300 and 1 400 man-months of training were' provided each year under the VCP fellowship programme.

4.3.1.4 Congress was pleased to note that in each of the past four years contributions to the fund VCP(F) and contributions received in equipment and services, including fellowships, (VCP(ES» averaged US $350 000 and $5 million, respectively. Congress alSo noted with appreciation contributions received from Members with very limited financial resources as well as the support which had been provided under bilateral arrangements.

4.3.1.5 Congress expressed its appreciation of the VCP activities which had been carried out during the eighth financial period. It was felt that VCP had played an effective role in the implementation of the WWW plan and in the training of personnel by the provision of fellowships.

4.3.2

4.3.2.1

( a)

(b)

( c)

( d)

Taking into account.

The valuable support provided in the eighth financial period,

The continuing need for international collaboration between Members for the implementation of the WWW plan as approved by Congress, including the application of WWW in the field of hydrology,

The important support needed for the World Climate Programme, and

The necessity for training through fellowships,

GENERAL SUMMARY 83

congress decided that the VCP should be continued along similar lines as in the eighth financial period. It also decided to expand the scope of the VCP to support the World Climate Applications Programme in relation to food, energy and water.

4.3.2.2 Congress authorized the Executive Council to establish rules and procedures for the operation of the Voluntary Co-operation programme during the ninth financial period, taking into account the relevant decisions of Ninth Congress. It was recalled that the VCP should be regarded as being a supplement to other technical assistance programmes, such as UNDP, and must not compete with or replace them.

4.3.2.3 Congress agreed that the VCP was an appropriate mechanism for implementing technical co-operation among developing countries (TCDC). The Executive Council was requested to make specific reference in the purposes and procedures of the VCP to its use for the promotion and support of TCDC and to authorize the use of VCP(F) allocation to support TCDC activities, when appropriate.

4.3.2.4 The concept of co-ordinated programmes to improve the effectiveness of the WWW through an integrated approach by implementing or upgrading GOS and GTS facilities on a regional or sub-regional basis was welcomed. The development of such programmes, comprising a number of individual VCP projects submitted by Members, co-ordinated, reviewed and appropriately documented by the Secretariat, should render the VCP more attractive to donor Members, promote wider participation and result in complete co-operation between all Members concerned and in a more efficient use of VCP contributions for the implementation of WWW.

4.3.2.5 Congress strongly reiterated the neceSSity of having new donor Members and emphasized the urgency of receiving contributions from Members who up to the present time had not supported the VCP. The hope was expressed that a greater number of Members would contribute to the fund and that those Members who already participated in the programme would increase their contributions.

4.3.2.6 Congress confirmed that the implementation of WWW remained the first priority of VCP, followed by the fellowships programme, however, other WMO programmes eligible for VCP support should not be neglected to the extent that sufficient resources were available.

4.3 .. 2 .. 7 Congress recognized that assistance in the prov~s~on of expendables for critical upper-air stations and spare parts was being requested by many Members due to the present difficult world-wide economic situation. It was felt that the possibility of establishing a temporary funding mechanism in support of the operation of selected upper-air stations should be studied, this being a matter which deserved urgent consideration by the EC panel on the VCP.

4.3.2.8 Congress agreed that the annual publication on the progress of the programme under the title "Consolidated report on the voluntary co-operation Programme including projects approved for circulation in 19 .... " be discontinued, general information on contributions received and on the overall status of implementation of VCP projects being incorporated in the Annual Report. The "Consolidated list of projects and status of implementation" (loose-leaf publication) distributed to major donor Members should continue

84 GENERAL SUMMARY

to be issued and should include information sheets describing proposed projects incorporated within the "co-ordinated programmes" as well as all newly approved individual projects.

4.3.2.9

4.4

Resolution 32 (Cg-IX) was adopted.

Organization and !inancing of technical co-operation activities (Agenda item 4.4)

4.4.1 Congress noted the information provided by the Secretary-General on the organization of technical co-operation activities in the Secretariat. Congress agreed that the same arrangements should continue during the next financial period whereby the primary responsibility for the management and execution of UNDP, VCP and trust-fund technical co-operation projects should rest with the Technical Co-operation Department with the exception of fellowships which were to be administered by the Education and Training Department.

4.4.2 Congress also noted with appreciation the steps taken by the Secretary-General to ensure the co-ordination of technical co-operation activities with those of the regular programme and endorsed the suggestion that the Secretary-General may occasionally allocate the responsibility for a particular project to another department in cases where the project was designed as a direct contribution to a regular programme activity.

4.4.3 As regardS the financing of staff in support of technical cooperation activities, congress agreed that the cost of staff for VCP management would continue to be met from the regular budget as would staff costs incurred in the administration of regular budget and VCP fellowships and in the purchase of equipment to satisfy VCP requests. Congress also reiterated its policy that in principle all identifiable costs involved in the execut,ion of UNDP and trust-fund projects should continue to be financed by income from these sources. In this connexion, congress noted the Secretary-General's decision to charge a standard rate of 14 per cent on all expenditures on trust-fund projects.

4.4.4 Congress further agreed that, while every effort should be made to reduce support costs incurred, recourse could be made to the regular budget in the event that adverse currency fluctuations made it impossible to meet the full costs of technical co-operation support staff from the revenue received from UNDP. In such a contingency, any flexibility provision applicable to staff salaries of personnel financed from the regular budget could be applied to the technical co-operation support staff to the extent necessary with the concurrence of the Executive Council. It was pointed out, however, that in the event of any reduction in revenue due to a decrease in the volume of technical co-operation activities, appropriate measureS should be taken by the Secretary-General to reduce costs.

4.4.5 Congress felt that it would be desirable and appropriate if the regional divisions of the Technical Co-operation Department included staff from the Regions concerned.

5. SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES (Agenda item 5)

5.1 Policy-making organs and executive management (Agenda item 5.1)

5.1.1 Congress considered and approved the view of the Executive Commit-tee that it was neither necessary nor desirable to institutionalize the Bureau and decided that no amendments be made to the General Regulations.

GENERAL SUMl-lARY 85

5.1.2 Congress noted that General Regulation 31 provided for any constituent body to establish working groups to act until the next session of that constituent body. Therefore, Congress agreed that the Executive Council as well as Congress itself could establish the Bureau as an advisory working group comprising the President, the three Vice-Presidents and the SecretaryGeneral of the Organization.

5.1.3 There was a general consensus that the role and composition of the Bureau should continue in a similar fashion as at present. In this connexion, it was noted that the function of the Bureau should continue to consist of the organization and co-ordination of the work of Congress and the Executive council.

5.1.4 Congress also looked into the budgetary implications of the Bureau meetings and decided to transfer the estimated expenditures and place them under the heading of working groups and panels of experts of the Executive Council in the consolidated programme and budget.

5.1.5 Congress stressed the importance of a harmonious transition during the current year between the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General elect. It noted with satisfaction the views expressed by the SecretaryGeneral during Congress to this effect. Congress agreed that it would be important and useful to have full consultations between the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General elect on all senior staff changes in order to simplify any organizational adjustments the latter might wish to propose.

5.2 Conference programme (Agenda item 5.2)

5.2.1 Congress examined the information submitted by the SecretaryGeneral on the invitati-ons e-xte-nde-d f-or- 'the hos'ti-n-9 sf ses-si-en-s -ef constituent bodies during the ninth financial period (1984-1987). Additional information provided by delegations at Ninth Congress permitted the establishment of a draft programme of sessions of these bodies (see Annex V). The SecretaryGeneral was requested to continue further negotiations to find host countries for those regional associations/technical commissions which had no invitation at the time, in orde"r to ensure that as many sessions as possible would be held outside Geneva. This decision was in line with the policy laid down by previous congresses. Congress also noted the decision of the Executive Committee regarding acceptance of invitations from host countries. If no invitation was received 300 days before the scheduled opening of the session concerned, it was to be held at WMO Headquarters (Regulation 16 of the WMO General Regulations).

5.282 Congress requested the Executive Council to ensure that as far as possible sessions of constituent bodies were arranged so that the workload of Members and of the Secretariat could be distributed evenly during the ninth financial period.

5.2.3 Doubts were expressed with respect to the desirability of holding sessions of some technical commissions "conjointly. congress feared that combining sessions of technical commissions would create problems and that a number of countries would not be able to ensure an adequate participation at such combined sessions. Moreover, many potential host countries would find it difficult to provide the required conference facilities for such extended sessions.

86 GENERAL SUMMARY

5.2.4 Congress also examined the policy established by previous congresses wi th regard to the assistance provided by the Organization to host sessions of the constituent bodies. The present procedure by which provision is made of an amount equivalent to that which would be required if all these sessions were held in Geneva was confirmed. However, some Members were of the opinion that, in the case of sessions of regional associations I it would be preferable to find a reference site within the Region as a base for estimating the cost.

5.3 Publications programme (Agenda item 5.3)

5.3.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the work carried out under the pUblications programme during the eighth financial period and recognized the vital significance of the publications pro_gramme for the meteorological communi ty and for other related fields. Emphasis was placed on the special importance of operational and technical publications, including the education and training pUblications which were considered essential in that they could be used as textbooks on meteorology and hydrology in uni versi ties, training centres, etc. Their publication in the official languages of the Organization should be regarded as having priority in order to facilitate the transfer of technology.

5.3.2 Congress decided to request the Executive council to review· annually the situation regarding the publications programme and to examine ways and means of reducing production costs without sacrificing output and the present high standard of WMO publications. Among the solutions suggested were.

(a)

(b)

(c)

( d)

(e)

Co-operation from Members concerning translation work,

The establishment of an editorial board to assess the intrinsic merit of texts proposed for publication,

A more widespread use of a loose-leaf format for publications which were intended to be updated from time to time or reprinted after having been revised at a later stage,

An increased use of camera-ready copy,

Suppression of publications which were not considered absolutely essential.

5.3.3 Congress agreed that supplements to Volume C of Publication No.9 should be issued every two months (see also paragraph 3.1.5.6) and requested the Secretary-General to make every effort to ensure that Members received supplements to operational publications in good time.

5.3.4 Furthermore, the Executive Council should could waive copyright for those Members which, because problems, were not in a position to purchase from WMO they required.

examine whether WMO of currency exchange the number of copies

5.3.5 The Executive Council should also examine how WMO could assist those Members wishing to translate WMO publications so that they could be reproduced in their own national language. For instance, WHO might consider the possibility of supplying Members (free of charge or at a reduced cost) with material directly ready for reproduction - such as figures, plates, etc.

GENERAL SUMMARY 87

5.3.6 The WMO Bulletin was agreed to be of special importance as an information and public relations medium, and satisfaction was expressed at improvements which had been made to the format and content of the journal. Particularly appreciated were the interviews with eminent meteorologists which had appeared regularly since January 1981. It was suggested that the Secretary-General explore the possibility of having these interviews reprinted as a separate volume by a Member or a private publishing house at no cost to the Organization. Some delegates regretted the long delay in the delivery of their copies, and Congress requested the Secretary-General to explore means of ensuring a more rapid dispatch, possibly using the United Nations pouch service.

5.3.7 Congress adopted Resolution 33 (Cg-IX) containing the publications programme for the ninth financial period.

5.4 Public information programme (Agenda item 5.4)

5.4.1 Congress agreed on the need for an effective public information programme to make known world-wide the importance of the support that meteorology and operational hydrology could provide to human activities and to socia-economic development.

5.4.2 programme decided to

Congress examined the aims and purposes of the public information of the Organization as defined in Resolution 41 (Cg-VIII) and maintain this resolution in force for the ninth financial period.

5.4.3 Congress noted with appreciation the philatelic exhibition by Italy and the IT. S. s. R. of postage stamps devoted to meteorology and also the issue of q special envelope. Congress felt that such philatelic exhibitions (e.g. on the occasion of World Meteorological Day) should be encouraged as an effective vehicle for bringing meteorology to the attention of the general public. Congress also felt that consideration should be given to the possibility of issuing a list of postage stamps devoted to meteorology and related subjects, based on the information provided by Member countries.

5.4.4 Congress emphasized that the information material provided for the celebration of the World Meteorological Day was of great importance, particularly to the developing countries, and that the reception of the material by Members well in advance of that day was essential in order to enable adequate preparations for its celebration at the national level. It was further felt that the quality of some of the information material needed to be improved. Congress suggested that the possibility of organizing an essay competition on the theme of the day be investigated.

5.4.5 Congress expressed its gratitude to those Members who had provided the Secretariat with films, slides, photographs or other information material. It expressed the hope that other Members who were in a position to do so would also send similar material in order to enlarge the existing Film and photo Library. In this connexion, it considered that efforts should be made within the existing financial and practical I limits to accelerate the circulation of films through the -Film Loan Service.

5.4.6 Congress was pleased with the action taken during the eighth financial period by the Executive Council and the Secretary-General, with the special assistance of some Members, in connexion with specific activities such as ALPEX and the conferences of the United Nations.

88 GENERAL SUMMARY

5.4.7 Congress was pleased with arrangements in connexion with the exhibition on meteorological and hydrological instruments entitled METEOHYDEX organized on the occasion of Ninth Congress. It was agreed that this had enabled participants to obtain direct information about the latest material available on the market. It recommended that similar exhibitions be organized in connexion with Congress or other appropriate ~~o meetings in order to keep Members informed of technological advances in the field of meteorology and hydrometeorology in general and instruments in particular.

5.4.8 A suggestion was made that WMO should request the United Nations to declare a World Meteorological Year. It was agreed to refer this proposal to the Executive Council for consideration of its feasibility.

6.

6.1

CO-OPERATION WITH THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS (Agenda item 6)

Co-operation and working arrangements with the United Nations and other organizations

6.1.1 Congress reviewed the existing relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and decided that close co-operation, consultation and co-ordination with these organizations should be maintained following the policy laid down in Resolution 6 (Cg-V), which was subsequently endorsed by Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Congresses and which it was decided to maintain in force.

6.1.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Council in concluding formal agreements and working arrangements with other international organizations. It authorized the Executive Council to consider, when appropriate, the advisability of concluding formal agreements with other international organizations and to enter into such further working arrangements as might be necessary, subject to the provisions of Article 26 of the WMO Convention.

6.1.3 Congress noted with interest the increasing and active involvement of WMO in the activities of the United Nations system as well as the active participation of WMO in the inter-agency co-ordination of programmes through the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination. It agreed that the Organization should continue to participate in the work of the ACC and its subsidiary machinery.

6.1.4 Congress also noted that the Organization had participated in the preparations for and proceedings of a number of major international conferences convened by the united Nations. These included the United Nations Conferences on Science and Technology for Development, on New and Renewable Sources of Energy, and on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. In this connexion, it also noted arrangements for the forthcoming united Nations Conference on the peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy and the relevance of certain WMO activities in this area. Congress welcomed WMO involvement in such conferences and requested the Secretary-General to contribute as far as possible and appropriate to the implementation of th", programmes of action adopted by the conferences.

6.2 Recommendations addressed to WMO by the United Nations

Congress took note of the action being taken by WMO in response to recommendations by the General Assembly of the united Nations and other bodies directly related to the programmes of WMO. This concerned essentially the

GENERAL SUMMARY 89

World weather Watch, the World climate Programme, meteorological satellite activities, the Tropical Cyclone Programme and the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme. The Secretary-General was requested to continue his co-operation in these areas with the United Nations and other bodies and agencies of the United Nations system. Congress also took note of those other recommendations of the General Assembly addressed to all bodies, organizations and agencies of the united Nations system, including WMO. It invited the Executive Council and the Secretary-General to take these recommendations into account in so far as they were appropriate and relevant to the activities of the Organization.

6.3 Joint Inspection unit

6.3.1 Congress confirmed its acceptance of the Statute of the Joint Inspection Unit on the understanding that the procedure w~ereby reports of the Unit were submitted to the Executive Council by the Secretary-General fulfilled its commitments under paragraph 2 of Article 1 of the Statute. In these circumstances, no amendments to the Convention or General Regulations of the Organization would be required.

6.3.2 Congress also took note of the workload placed on the Secretariat in contributing to the programme of work of the Joint Inspection unit. It requested the Secretary-General to give assistance to the Unit, within- the limits of resources available, priority attention being given to those activities of JIU which were particularly important to WMO. If there was difficulty in complying with any JIU request for information, the Secretary-General should discuss the matter with the JIU on an ad hoc basis.

7. LONG-'rERM PLAN FOR 1984-1993 (Agenda item 7)

7.1 Congress noted with appreciation the document submitted by the Secretary-General on the WMO Long-term plan for the years 1984-1993. It recalled that by its Resolution 2 (Cg-VIII) it had requested the Executive Committee to establish a Panel for the Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO with terms of reference which included, inter alia, a study of mechanism(s) for more effective long-term planning of the scientific and technical programmes within WMO. It noted that, as a result of the recommendations of the panel, the Executive Committee had itself been active in developing through its Scientific and Technical Advisory committee and in consultation with Members a long-term plan for the period 1984 to 1993.

7.2 The whole concept of long-term planning was discussed in detail. Congress expressed the view that there was a need for a longer lead time in planning the main directions of the scientific and technical work of the Organization in order to provide long-term guidance to the Executive Council, the regional associations, the technical commissions and the Secretariat as well as to help Members in the development and planning of their Meteorological and Hydrological Services. Therefore, it was agreed that long-term plans should be introduced into the planning system of the Organization. It was noted that plans of varying duration and detail already existed for many individual programme areas, such as the WWW plan for the period 1984-1987 and the four-year work plans of the technical commissions. Whilst they were extremely valuable in themselves, Congress recognized that such plans did not provide an overall picture of the long-term objectives and implementation plans of the Organization. Congress agreed that the long-term plan had to show how these specific plans were related to one another.

90 GENERAL SUMMARY

7.3 Congress also considered the desirable lead-time for a long-term plan. It agreed that a lead-time of ten years was preferable. A WMO Longterm plan with such a time span should, in future I provide a framework and perspecti ve for the preparation of individual programme plans I and it should also serve as the starting point for the preparation of the SecretaryGeneral's four-year programme and budget proposals.

7.4 Furthermore, Congress believed that, given the wide range in the stage of development of countries in the various WMO Regions I the scientific and technical programmes of WMO would need to be planned and implemented in such a way as to ensure that the most advanced Members were not held back and the least developed were not excluded. Without such a balanced approach, no programme would succeed. Thus the regional associations would have a key role to play in identifying regional priorities within the WMO programmes. These would often be different from one Region to another. Regional associations would also have a role to play in establishing facilities which were jointly supported or funded, such as training facilities and essential elements of the World Weather Watch, and in designing regional components of global systems.

7.5 The agreed strategy for the corning decade was to give highest priori ty to the World Weather Watch programme, which was recognized as the basis of all other programmes of the Organization. Congress also agreed that high priority should be given to the World Climate programme and the Education and Training programme. Furthermore, the promotion of the transfer of know-ledge and proven methodology between Members with the aim of assisting Members in the developing world to participate more fully in WMO's programmes was recognized as an important element of all scientific an~ technical programmes of the Organization.

7.6 Congress noted that national Meteorological Services were widely recognized as scientific and technical agencies which, on the ODe hand, provided operational services for users but which, on the other hand, served as national focal points for scientific matters in connexion with meteorology and related geophysical sciences. The latter role could well become more prominent in the coming decade as meteorological research gained increasing importance and widened in scope. Congress therefore commended the balanced picture provided in the LTP of both sides of these activities.

7.7 It was stressed that, owing to technological developments during the last decade, polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites had emerged as vi tal components of the World Weather Watch and played an increasingly important role in almost all aspects of meteorological and hydrological work. Therefore, WMO's satellite activities needed to be reflected in the long-term plan in order to show the role that satellites would play in connexion with observations, telecommunications, t"ropical cyclone detection and tracking, research, agricultural meteorology, hydrology, etc.

7.8 It was agreed that a system of long-term planning should be introduced by the Organization. Congress endorsed the view of the Executive Committee and agreed that the WMO Long-term Plan should comprise two parts.

( a)

(b)

Part I which would provide policy guidance and strategy and contain the scientific and technical objectives of the various WMO programme areas~ and

Part II which would provide more detailed plans for the individual scientific and technical programmes of the Organization to achieve the objectives given in Part I.

GENERAL SUMMARY 91.

It was also agreed that Long-term Plans should cover a period of ten years but be replaced at four-yearly intervals so that at each Congress a new LTP would be adopted for the following decade.

7.9 Congress noted that, while a complete draft of Part I of the LTP was available for consideration, a complementary plan of Action (part II) had still to be developed. It recognized that the plan as a whole would require further development during the coming financial period.

7.10 Congress examined the draft of Part I of the Long-term Plan containing the overall policy and strategy for the next decade. It agreed that a certain rearrangement of the draft was desirable to put more emphasis on the transfer of knowledge and methodology. Furthermore, it. was recognized that such vital application areas as agricultural meteorology, aviation meteorology, marine meteorology, etc. needed to be shown more clearly in the LTP and, therefore, a separate grouping, entitled applications of meteorology, was necessary. It was also recognized, however, that these application areas drew heavily on other programmes, particularly on the WWW.

7.11 congress agreed, therefore, that for the purposes of the Long-term plan the main objectives of the Organization were to be defined within the following seven major programme areas" World Weather Watch programme, World Climate Programme, Research and Development Programme, Applications of Meteorology Programme, Hydrology and Water Resources Programme, Education and Training programme and regional activities. It noted that the regional associations provided important assistance in covering the regional -aspects -throughout the entire range of work of WMO and, therefore, it was desirable to inGlude these regiona~ activities in the description of the ScieI1ti:fJG and technical programmes.. Furthermore, Congress also confirmed that, affiliated to some of the major programmes, there were a number of other important programmes which were needed to fulfil the basic purposes of the Organization, defined in Article 2 of the WMO Convention. The pattern of this programme structure is defined in the table given in Annex VI. The same table shows -according to the present arrangements - which bodies (of WMO or other organizations) are responsible for the development of the individual programmes, and which Secretariat departments provide the necessary support.

7.12 Congress also recognized that the programme structure outlined in paragraph 7.11 showed only the main features of the subdivision of the activities of the Organization and it did not reflect the complexity of the interrelations between the individual programmes. It was noted that this programme structure did not necessarily coincide in all cases with the institutional arrangements.

7.13 It was believed that the LTP would be a very useful guide to national Services when considering their own planning policies. It was therefore agreed that the full text of Part I of the plan, as amended by Congress, should be published and distributed to all Members as quickly as possible. It was also agreed that a shorter version of Part I should be prepared as soon as possible and printed in the form of a glossy booklet. It should be designed to explain to governments the value and importance of meteorological and operational hydrological services and to provide governments with a perspective of the necessary longer-term plans for international action in these fields.

92 GENERAL SUMMARY

7.14 The proposal relating to the preparation of Part II, the Plan of Action, was also studied. Congress agreed that the Executive council should be given responsibility for the preparation of this plan. It also agreed that the plan should be based on the scientific and technical objectives contained in Part I and provide a clear indication of priorities.

7.15 It was recognized that the development of the plan of Action and setting of priorities would require a substantial amount of work. congress therefore requested the Executive Council to establish a suitable mechanism,possibly a scientific and technical committee, with prime responsibility for the development of part II of the LTP, the plan of Action, and the preparation of an overall Long-term Plan for 1988-1997.

7.16 The technical commissions and regional associations substantial contributions to make to the development of the LTP. Congress believed that the Long-term Plan should be a standard agendas of technical commissions and regional associations.

would have Furthermore, item on the

7.17 The decisions of Congress on the Long-term plan are recorded in Resolution 34 (Cg-IX).

8. CONSOLIDATED PRCGRAMME AND BUDGET (Agenda item 8)

General

8.1 Congress considered under this item the programme and budget proposed by the Secretary-General for the ninth financial period (1984-l987). A general review of the programme and budget was followed by a detailed discussion on the various proposals put forth for consideration by Congress in respect of the programme of the Organization under each part of the regular

.budget.

8.2 The President in his opening address referred to the task of establishing the programme and budget for 1984-1987. He underlined the fact that the present economic situation of the world necessitated a careful selection of traditional priority activities and fresh initiatives in order to achieve optimum economic and social benefits.

8.3 The Secretary-General introduced his programme and budget proposals by highlighting the fact that his objective was to maintain zero growth in activities compared to the last financial period. In spite of this budgetary limitation, it was possible to give priority to the World Weather Watch, the World Climate Programme and the transfer of technology, as suggested by the Executive Committee. The Secretary-General informed Congress that the statistics issued by the United Nations Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions (CCAQ) revealed that, on an average during the period from 1975 to 1983, the assessed contributions on Members of WMO registered the lowest percentage increase amongst the united Nations family of organizations.

8.4 The majority of Members congratulated the Secretary-General for the clarity of the document and the balanced manner of presentation of the programme and budget. Congress generally agreed that the World Weather Watch and the Education and Training Programme were the basic programmes of the Organization deserving highest priority. Regarding the budget, Congress was of the view that this should be based upon zero growth of activities. However, some Members wished a zero growth in financial terms.

GENERAL SUMMARY 93

8.5 In arriving at the appropriations for the various programmes and activities, congress endeavoured to attain as near a zero growth situation in total as possible. Therefore, wherever feasible, the budgetary increases in programmes were accompanied by corresponding reductions in traditional projects, supporting activities and administration. congress recalled that the Executive Council could make budgetary transfers, if necessary, as provided in Financial Regulation 4.2.

8.6 congress recorded its decisions on programmes of the Organization under various agenda items and adopted budget proposals made by the SecretaryGeneral with modifications as necessary. In doing so, Congress was aware that in the actual implementation of the programmes, additional financial resources might be required to achieve satisfactory results. It therefore requested the ·Executive council to authorize the Secretary-General to apply unspent funds in such cases. For the maintenance of and emergency repairs to the buildin9, the Executive Council might consider, at the request of the Secretary-General, the re-appropriation of unspent funds from one financial year to the next within the ninth financial period in order to render mobility to the financial resources and make the management of funds more effective and efficient.

8.7 congress authorized the Executive Council to incur maximum expenditure of US $77 516 400 during the ninth financial period. This sum was based on the exchange rate of SWiss francs 2.08 = 1 United States dollar and salary scales and prices prevailing on 1 May 1983. Authority was also given to the Executive Council to incur necessary expenditure additional to the amount indicated above to ·cover increases in staff salaries and allowances consequent to changes in the United Nations salaries and allowances. FUrthermore the Executive Council was authorized to adjust the maximum expenditure upwards or downwards to take account of substantial changes in exchange rates. It was also decided to authorize the Executive Council to incur other necessary expenditure, nQt exceeding us $Sao 000 in total, which might he agreed by Members. These decisions are embodied in Resolution 35 (Cg-IX).

8.8 congress examined the proposed structure of the Secretariat for the ninth financial period. It authorized the Secretary-General to arrange this in the best way possible within the financial limitations imposed by the approved maximum expenditure. Congress also decided that the maximum number

. of established posts in the Secretariat during the ninth financial period, excluding the staff for the joint activities covered by the WMO/ICSU agreement, should be 246. However, bearing in mind the difficult staffing circumstances currently being experienced by many national Meteorological Services, Congress requested the Secretary-General to assess carefully the scope for any staff savings during the ninth financial period. The decision regarding the posts at higher grades - D.2 and D.l is recorded under agenda item 9.4.

part 2 - Executiv.e management

8.9 With effect from 1 January 1983, Congress set the salary of the Deputy Secretary-General at US $55 165.62 per annum net salary plus appropriate allowances. This is the level which applies to deputy executive heads of comparable specialized agencies of the United Nations. The representation allowance for the Deputy Secretary-General is US $3 800 per annum. In this connexion, congress decided to authorize the Executive Council to carry out any adjustment of salary which might become necessary if, during the ninth financial period, an increase in the salaries of comparable United Nations staff should occur.

94 GENERAL· SUMMARY

Part 3 - Scientific and technical programmes

8.10 Congress decided to introduce interpretation into Arabic at the sessions of technical commissions and the necessary provision was made in the appropriate sections of the budget. Provision was also made for the publishing of the Convention and General Regulations in Arabic.

8.11 In the examination of the cost of meetings, Congress noted a considerable increase in the standard figure used for some types of meeting compared to the last period budget. While realizing that substantial changes in the constitution of some groups had taken place over recent years resulting in higher costs lit requested the Secretary-General to exercise a strict financial discipline on the budgets of the various meetings and achieve economie$ wherever possible. Congress also requested Members to instruct their delegates to technical commissions to keep in mind the cost aspect when setting up working groups, etc.

8.12 Congress decided to transfer those projects of the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) which related to operational aspects to the World Weather watch while retaining in the Research and Development Programme those projects of TCP which related to research.

8.13 Congress approved funds for one meeting of a regional cyclone body of the South-West Pacific during the ninth financial period as an initial step in the establishment of such a body.

8.14 Regarding the implementation of climate research activities under the agreement with ICSU, Congress decided to continue the practice adopted during the eighth financial period by contributing to the Joint WMOjICSU Climate Research FUnd (JCRF). The Executive Council was authorized to determine annually the amount of WMO's contribution to the Joint Fund.

part 5 - Programme support activities

8.15 Congress considered in depth the programme and budget for this item. It was aware of the part played by these resources in providing translation of documents and publications -of the Organization. However, it decided to reduce the budget for established posts, for the maintenance of textprocessing equipment and for the Tsukuba Exhibition, whereas provision for supernumerary and temporary staff, in particular for translation activities, was increased.

8.16 Congress requested the Secretary-General to make a study of the present publications policy of the Organization and recommend changes in the production and distribution aspects of this policy.

Part 6 - Administration

8.17 Congress authorized the employment of a social welfare officer in the Secretariat on a half-time contract basis.

8.18 Congress decided to make reductions and requested the SecretaryGeneral to m1n1nu.ze expenditure on items such as communications. The appropriation approved for the purpose, it was stressed, was to balance the budget within the available resources.

GENERAL SUMMARY 95.

9. ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL QUESTIONS (Agenda item 9)

9.1 Financial report of the Secretary-General (Agenda item 9.1)

9.1.1 The overall financial 8i tuation of the Organization was examined and was found to be generally satisfactory.

9.1.2 Congress noted with concern, however, that there were undue delays in the payment of assessed contributions on the part of certain Members as well as a gradually increasing number of Members being in arrears for one year or more. It recognized that this might lead to serious cash difficulties which could eventually hamper the smooth implementation of the approved programmes of the Organization. It therefore decided to maintain in force Resolution 45 (Cg-VIII) - Short-term borrowing authority - during the ninth financial period.

9.1.3 Congress decided that any surplus which might be available in the General Fund at the end of the eighth financial period should be distributed to the Members in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulations.

9.1.4 Congress reviewed the administration of the Publications Fund during the eighth financial period. In fulfilment of article 5 of the annex to Resolution 22 (EC-XXXI), which calls on Congress to decide on the disposal of the unobligated cash balance standing to the credit of the Publications Fund at the end of the fina"ncial period, Congress authorized the retention in the Fund of that balance as at 31 December 1983.

9.1.5 Congress -also reviewed the administration of the Joint Climate Research Fund and decided that any unobligated cash surplus available at the end of the eighth £inancial period should be carried £orward in the Fund to the ninth financial period.

9.1.6 Congress noted that the provisions of staff Rule 132.1(b) concerning income tax refunds to staff members had been met in respect of taxes levied by one Member through a special income tax reimbursement agreement which was denunciated by this Member on 31 December 1981. Congress also noted that this denunciation had affected other United Nations agencies and had led all these agencies to conduct negotiations with this Member under the aegis of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Congress therefore decided to refer this matter to the Executive Council which should decide on the appropriate measures to be taken and on interim financial arrangements to be made compatible with the provision of Staff Rule 132.1(b).

9.2 Financial matters (Agenda item 9.2)

9.2.1 Congress reviewed certain articles of the Financial Regulations as contained in Resolution 43 (Cg-VIII). It noted that, in order to meet changing circumstances and requirements I certain provisions of these regulations needed to be amended.

9.2.2 Congress considered the possibility of the aooption of two biennial budget cycles within the financial period, having noted that this system had been introduced in most organizations of the UN system, in order to achieve some harmonization in the budget presentation required both by the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC. Congress was of the op~m.on that the system would not allow the Executive Council to exercise the same level of control

96,

over the programme and related expenditure as· at;. present. Congress therefore decided to maintain unchanged during the ninth financial period the present annual budget system.

9.2.3 In conl;lidering the adoption of the Swiss franc as the unit of currency for budget purposesf Congress was of the opinion t4at such a change would produce Qonsiderable difficulties for those Member States whose national treasuries used the US dollar as the currency in which its foreign reserves were held and decided to m<>j.ntain the US dollar as the unit of currency for budget purposes. Congress further decided that the Financial Regulations should be amended to provide that payment of contributions should be made in US dollars. Congress requested the Secretary-General to keep such issue" <>s the budgetary cycle and the unit of currency for budgetary purpose" under review during the ninth financial period and to report to congress at its nel't session.

9.2.4

(a)

(b)

(c)

9.2.5 (Cg-IX).

congress adopted other amendments concerning.

The settlement of long-outstanding contributions)

The exclusion of unpaid contributions from those losses or deficiencies Subjeot to write-off action by the SecretarY-General,

The removal of restrictions on the use Of funds retained in the General Fund in respect of fellowship appropriations.

ln connexion with these amendments Congress, adopted Resolution 36

9.2.6 Congress considered the financial and other implications resulting from a possible restructuring of Salles I and III in order to accommodate simultaneous interpretation facilities in six languages.

9.2.7 It recognized the desirability of such a restrUcturing which would facilitate the holding of WMO meetings in the Headquarters building. It felt, however, that in view of the present world economic situation it could not approve the substantial financing required.

9.2.8 Congre~s also recognized the importance of maintaining the capital value of the WMO HeadqUarters building by allocating adequate financial resources for major maintenance and repair work. It recognized that the progressive ageing of the building would give rise to capital investments at levels whiGh were difficult to predict over a four-yearly financial period.

9.2.9 Congress took note of the information provided by the SecretaryGeneral on p~ocedures applied in other international organizations within the UN system, which inclUded the establishment of special building funds, reserves or acco~nts, and decided not to establish a building fund.

9.2.10 Whilst recognizing that an aGcurate prediction of emergency repairs and related costs well in advance of the incidence was not pos$ible, Congress decided that such costs and costs related to major repairs were to be met from the General Fund within the limits of the budget approved by the Executive Council. Congress asked the Secretary-General to submit to the Executive council, as a question of first priority, proposals concerning th~ financing of adequate safety devices in the WMO building.

GENERAL SUMMARY 97

9.3 proportional contributions of Members (Agenda item 9.3)

9.3.1 congress confirmed the assessments of proportional contributions for the eighth financial period made by the Executive Committee for those Members who had joined the Organization after Eighth Congress and for which no provision had been made in Resolution 47 (Cg-VIII).

9.3.2 congress the eighth financial

established assessments of proportional contributions for period in respect of seven prospective new Members.

9.3.3 These decisions are incorporated in Resolution 37 (Cg-IX).

9.3.4 Congress examined in detail alternatives for the establishment of a new scale of proportional contributions for the ninth financial period which would address the aspects regarded by Cg-VIII as needing further examination.

9.3.5 The majority of. the Members expressed their preference for the adoption at the earliest possible stage of a scale of assessment which would be in line ·with that of the United Nations.

9.3.6 congress, however, recognized that this ultimate goal could not be fully achieved during the ninth financial period I as it would require, in a number of cases I unduly large adjustments in the level of assessed contributions between the eighth and the ninth financial periods.

9.3.7 congress therefore decided to implement a new scale using a formula giving equal weighting to the WMO scale adopted for the eighth financial period and the UN scale in force for the years 1983-1985. This new scale was to be introduced on a step-by-step basis throughout the ninth financial period.

9.3.8 Congress also decided that contributions be expressed as percentages and not as units. In conformity with the scales of assessment in the UN and most of the specialized agencies, these percentages were to be calculated to two decimal places. With the phased implementation of the new scale, the minimum level of assessment in 1987 would be 0.03 per cent and no Member would be assessed in that year at more than about four times its present assessment by the UN.

9.3.9 Congress requested the Executive Council to keep the question of assessment of proportional contributions under review and to report to Tenth Congress on the matter.

9.3 .. 10 Congress also adopted assessments of proportional contributions during the ninth financial period in respect of a number of prospective new Members. Where these prospective new Members were assessed in the UN at 0.03 per cent or less, the minimum level of 0.03 per cent was adopted, otherwise the UN rate for the years 1983-1985 was applied.

9.3.11 The Executive Council was invited to calculate the advances due by each Member to the Working Capital Fund for the ninth financial period as provided for in Financial Regulation 9.2, on the understanding that the level of the fund as established by Resolution 44 (Cg-VIII) remained unchanged. For practical reasons, these adjustments would be made in the course of the ninth financial period on the basis of the approved assessments for the year 1987.

9.3.12 Finally, considering that the application to the Islamic Republic of Iran of the formula described in paragraph 9.3.7 had resulted in a WMO assessment which was lower than the UN assessment, congress considered that no

98 GENERAL ~SUMMARY

further measure could be taken to satisfy the request of that Member concerning a possible reduction of its assessment for the ninth financial period.

9.3.13 congress finally adopted Resolution 38 (Cg-IX) which contains as an annex a lis-t of Members with the percentage assessments to be applied for each of the years- of the ninth financial period.

9.3.14 Congress noted with concern that some Members had failed over several years to pay their contribution and had thus been deprived of certain rights within the Organization. It also noted that the accumulation of these unpaid contributions had affected the financial situation of the Organization.

9.3.15 In order to remedy as far as possible this situation and to provide these defaulting Members with an incentive to restore their full rights within the Organization, Congress decided to adopt measures to permit repayment of long-outstanding contributions by instalments.

9.3.16 The Secretary-General was requested to draw the attention of all defaulting Members to the fact that it is in the best interests of the entire meteorological community that all Members take an active part in the activ-~

ities of \\fMO and its constituent bodies. To that effect the secretary-General was also requested to invite all Members concerned to conclude agreements with WMO, with a view to the suspension of the application of the provisions of Resolution 3 (Cg-VII:t) to those Members.

9.3.17 Congress therefore decided to adopt Resolution 39 (Cg-IX)Settlement of long-outstanding contributions. It also agreed on the introduction in the Financial Regulations of a suitable prov~sion concerning repayment of long-outstanding contributions.

9.3.18 Congress also requested the Executive Council to consider the possibility of levying interest on contributions due for a period exceeding the current financial year and to report on th~s matter at the next session of Congress.

9.4 Staff matters (Agenda item 9.4)

9.4.1 Congress agreed that there was a necessity for the service of a staff welfare officer in the Secretariat and approved the employment of such an officer during the ninth financial period on a half-time contract basis. It further agreed that it would reconsider this matter at its tenth session and requested the Executive Council to report to that session accordingly.

9.4.2 Congress noted the change in the Regulations of the UN Joint Staff Pension FUnd relating to the participation of staff in the FUnd and also that the ensuing financial implications could be met wi thin the approved maximum expenditures.

9.4.3 Congress noted the recommendations of the International Civil Service Commission and of EC-XXXIV concerning the classification of posts in the Secretariat, in particular posts at the D.l and D.2 levels.

GENERALcSUMMARY 99

9.4.4 Congress agreed that the Secretary-General, with the prior approval of the Executive Council, could implement the recommendations on the classification of posts at the D.l and D.2 levels in compliance with the classification system of the International Civil Service Commission provided that this could be accommodated wi thin the salary provisions of the budget approved by congress.

9.5 Secretary-General's contract (Agenda item 9.5)

9.5.1 Congress decided that the annual salary of the Secretary-General should be US $60 099.15, taking into account the salaries of the executive heads of other comparable agencies. Congress also decided to authorize the Executive Council to carry out any readjustment of salary which might become necessary if, during the ninth financial period, changes in the salary of comparable united Nations staff should occur.

9.5.2 Congress further decided that during the ninth financial period the representation allowance for the Secretary-General should be US $11 400 per year, as at present.

9.5.3 Congress adopted in this connexion Resolution 40 (Cg-IX) to which the contract to be signed by the President of the Organization and the Secretary-General for the ninth financial period is annexed.

10. GENERAL AND LEGAL QUESTIONS (Agenda item 10)

10.1 Questions concerning the Convention (Agenda item 10.1)

10.1.1 Congress examined the formal proposals for amendments to Article 13 (c) of the Convention submitted by Kenya in order to make the Executive Council more representative of the Organization as a whole 0

10.1D2 There was a consensus that there was a need to increase the number of the elected members of the Executive Council in view of the increased mem~ bership of the Organization. It was also agreed to increase the maximum and minimum number of members of the Executive Council comprising the president and Vice-Presidents of the Organization, the presidents of regional associations and the elected members coming from one Region in order to have a better representation of the various Regions.

10.1.3

(a)

(b)

Congress therefore decideda

To increase the number of directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services of the Organization on the Executive Council, as provided in Article 13(c) of the Convention, from nineteen to twenty-six)

To increase the maximum and minimum 'number of members of the Executive Council coming from one Region I as provided for in Article 13 (c) (ii) of the Convention, from seven to nine and from two to three respectively.

10.1.4 Resolution 41 (Cg-IX) was adopted unanimously by the delegations of 121 Member States present and entitled to vote.

100 GENERAL SUMMARY

Distribution of seats on the Executive Committee amongst the ~ff~~~~~:~~I~~~-------------------------------------------

10.1.5 Congress noted with interest the results of the studies made by the Executive Committee in consultation with the Members of the Organization as requested by Cg-VIII on the question of distribution of seats amongst the different Regions.

10.1.6 congress endorsed the views of the Executive Committee that the present system of reaching an agreement within and between the delegations to Congress of Members belonging to different regional associations should be continued and that the negotiations to be made to reach a mutually satisfying agreement within the limits of Article 13(c) should be left to the wisdom of Congress.

10.1.7 Congress examined the recommendation - made by the EC Panel of Experts for the Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO - to change the name of the Executive Committee to the Executive.Council. It noted that the Executive Committee at its thirty-fourth session had endorsed this proposal. Congress agreed that the Executive Committee should be renamed the Executive Council. Resolution 42 (Cg-IX) was accordingly adopted unanimously. by the delegations of 107 Member States present and entitled to vote.

10.1.8 Congress examined the proposal for the amendment of Article l4(f) of the Convention contained in Resolution 27 (EC-XXXIV) and agreed with the recommendation of the Committee that the French text of Article 14 (f) should be considered as expressing the will of the contracting parties to the WMO Convention. As a result, Congress decided to adopt Resolution 43 (Cg-IX) whereby the term "agenda" in the English text of Article l4(f) would be replaced by the term "work programme". Resolution 43 (Cg-IX) was adopted unanimously by the delegations of 112 Member States present and entitled to vote.

10.1. 9 Congress reconsidered the amendments already proposed at Eighth Congress by the Executive Committee to Article 3 and Article 34 of the Convention enabling the United Nations council for Namibia to become a Member of the Organization. These amendments were made to comply with Resolutions 31/149 (1976) and 32/9 (1977) of the General Assembly of the United Nations, which had requested all specialized agencies and other organizations and conferences within the United Nations system to consider granting full membership to the United Nations Council for Namibia so that it could participate in that capacity as the "administering authority for Namibia in the work of these agencies, organizations and conferences".

10.1.10. In view of the importance of this matter and to enable all Members to vote including those not present at the ses~ion, Congress decided to request the Executive Council to arrange for voting by correspondence on the adoption of the proposed amendments to Articles 3 and 34 (c) of the Convention as given in the annex to this paragraph (Annex VII).

GENERAL SUMMARY 101

10.1.11 Some delegations, however, expressed the view that a vote by only be held after agreement had been several articles of the Convention .. Council was not competent to decide

correspondence on those amendments could reached on a certain interpretation of They also pointed out that the Executive on interpretations of the Convention.

10.1.12 Congress examined the formal amendments to Article 21 of the Convention submitted by Kenya. Many delegations supported the proposed amendment which would entrust Congress with the appointment of the Deputy SecretaryGeneral in order to ensure a balance at the senior levels in the Secretariat, particularly between the nationals of developed and developing countries.

10.1.13 Other delegations emphasized that the Secretary-General must be able to select his own deputy, with whom he has to work very closely and harmoniously on a day-to-day basis.

10.1.14 Congress reached a consensus that the basic objective of the proposed amendments could be achieved without amending the Convention by laying down a procedure for the appointment of the Deputy Secretary-General wi thin the existing legal framework.

10.1.15 Congress consequently adopted the following procedure for the appointment of the Deputy Secretary-General.

(a)

(b)

In applying Article 21(b) of the Convention:

(i) The Secretary-General will bring to the Executive Council for its approval the name and qualifications of his proposed appointee for the post of the Deputy SecretaryGeneral before proceeding with the appointment,

(ii) The Secretary-General will also inform the Executive Council in writing of the names and qualifications of the other candidates,

(iii) In the case where the Executive Council does not approve the proposed appointee, the Secretary-General will propose another candidate for approval by the Executive Council,

(iv) This procedure will be repeated, if and as necessary, until a candidate acceptable to both the Secretary-General and the Executive Council is identified,

In addition to the provisions of Regulations 4.2 and 4.3 of the Staff Regulations, the Executive Counei l' and the Secretary-General should be guided by the following considerations in the appointment of the Deputy Secretary-General.

(i) The desirability of a balance between qualified nationals from developed and developing countries in the posts of Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General,

102

(ii )

GENERAL SUMMARY

The desirability of either the Secretary-General and/or the Deputy Secretary-General having occupied a senior position with responsibility for operational meteorological services and having had experience in international meteorological activities.

10.1.16 In addition, Congress requested the Executive Council to examine the question of establishing a similar procedure for the appointment of staff members at director levels as well as any unclassified post which may be established and to submit its report to Tenth Congress.

10.2 Revision of the General Regulations (Agenda item 10.2)

10.2.1 congress considered the proposed amendment to General Regulation 83 as a result of the adoption by Congress of the amendments to Article 13(c) of the Convention relating to the increase in the minimum and maximum number of members per Region on the Executive Council. The amendment was adopted by Resolution 44 (Cg-IX).

10.2.2 Congress requested the Executive Council to consider further possible changes to Regulation 83 of the General Regulations resulting from the aforesaid amendment to the Convention.

10.2.3 Congress examined the proposals by the Executive Committee for new and amended General Regulations. In this connexion, Congress adopted Resolution 45 (Cg-IX), the annex to which gives the text of these new and amended regulations.

10.2.4 Congress considered the proposed amendments to General Regulations 109 and 110, submitted by Norway, which aimed at reducing the need for summarized minutes at plenary sessions of constituent bodies and at simplifying related procedures contained in Regulation 110. Congress decided to amend Regulations 109 and 110 of the General Regulations as given in the annex to Resolution 45 (Cg-IX).

10.2.5 Congress considered the proposed amendments to General Regulations 117 and 119 which were submitted by Jordan, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Arab Republic.

10.2.6 One proposal requested that, in addition to providing the equipment for interpretation at sessions of technical commissions, the Organization should also provide interpreters, upon request. The other proposal provided for the publication of the Convention and the General Regulations of the Organization in Arabic, in addition to Chinese.

10.2.7 Since it was considered that the participation of Arabic countries in the activities of WMO would be greatly facilitated by the proposed amendments, Congress unanimously agreed to the proposals and made the necessary budgetary provisions to ensure their implementation. Congress therefore decided to amend Regulations 117 and 119 of the General Regulations as given in the annex to Resolution 45 (Cg-IX).

10.2.8 Congress further adopted Resolution 46 (Cg-IX) to replace Resolutions 50 (Cg-VII) and 54 (Cg-VIII), since the provision for the use of the Arabic and Chinese languages in the sessions of Congress, the Executive Council and technical commissions had already been included in the General Regulations.

GENERAL SUMMARY 103

10.2.9 congress considered and unanimously agreed to the proposed amendment to the General Regulations submitted by Malaysia to change the name Malaya to Malaysia in the appropriate texts of the General Regulations as well as in all other related future WMO publications. Congress decided to amend Annex II to the General Regulations as given in the annex to Resolution 45 (Cg-IX) •

10.2.10 Congress studied the report of the EC Panel of Experts for the

Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO. The proposals to amend General Regulations 144, 177 and 195 to provide guidance on programme management and implementation were carefully examined, as were the suggested amendments to Regulations 128 and 152 relating to the attendance of presidents of technical commissions at sessions of Congress and the Executive Council. Congress decided to amend Regulations 128, 144, 152, _177 and 195 of the General Regulations as given in the annex to Resolution 45 (Cg-IX).

10.2.11 Congress studied the recommendations of the EC Panel for the Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO relating to the technical commission system. It agreed that the present eight technical commissions should be retained with revised general and individual terms of reference. Congress also agreed that the title of the Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology should be changed to the commission for Climatology (CCl). Congress therefore adopted Resolution 47 (Cg-IX), which establishes the system and terms of reference of the technical commissions and which replaces Resolution 53 (Cg-VIII).

10.2.12 Congress reconsidered the question of the interpretation of the term "designated" in Regulation l42 Qf the General Begu~ations and made no new decision on the matter. It however requested the Executive council to reconsider the question.

10.2.13 congress. decided that the word "designated" in Regulation 142 of the General Regulations should continue to mean "elected" until Congress decided otherwise.

10.2.14 Congress considered the proposal of the president of CHy to incorporate the provisions of Resolution 31 (Cg-VIII) - Co-operation between Hydrological Services in the relevant General Regulations. It decided that instead of amending the General Regulations, Resolution 31 (Cg-VIII) should be retained with minor amendment and should specify the terms of reference of regional hydrological advisers. Congress adopted Resolution 48 (Cg-IX).

10.2.15 Congress considered the proposal submitted by' Canada, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France and Sweden aimed at instructing the Executive Council to examine the possibility of limiting the number of terms of office of the Secretary-General and to prepare the necessary amendments to the General Regulations in order to achieve this.

10.2.16 Congress decided that there was no need to submit this question for further study to the Executive Council since the existing provisions relating to the appointment of the Secretary-General already provided sufficient flexibility.

104 GENERAL SUMMARY

10.3 Review of the previous resolutions of Congress (Agenda item 10.3)

Congress examined its previous resolutions in order that those which no longer had any purpose or which had been replaced by new decisions should not remain in force. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 49 ( Cg-IX).

10.4 Requests for membership of the Organization (Agenda item 10.4)

There were no requests made to Ninth Congress for membership of the Organization.

11.

11.1

ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS (Agenda item 11)

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization (Agenda item 11.1)

11.1.1 Congress unanimously re-elected General, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical istration, as President of the Organization.

Dr. R. L. Kintanar, Directorand Astronomical Services Admin-

11.1.2

11.2

Congress also unanimously elected,

Professor Ju. A. Hydrometeorology Vice-President,

Izrael, Chairman, U.S.S.R. state Committee for and Control of the Natural Environment, as First

Mr. zou Jingmeng, Administrator, State Meteorological Administration of the People's Republic of China, as Second Vice-President,

Mr. J. P. Bruce, Assistant Deputy Minister of the Canadian Department of the Environment, Atmospheric Environmen-t Servi.ce, Canada, as Third Vice-President.

Election of members of the Executive Committee (Agenda item 11.2)

Congress elected the following as members of th\9 Executive Committee (renamed the Executive Council).

S. P. Adhikary L.-K. Ahialegb\9dzi S. Alaimo M. A. Badran A. Bensari C. E. Berridge S. K. Das J. Delmar Correa J. Djigbenou P. Gonzalez-Haba Gonzalez J. Gonzalez Montoto R. E. Hallgren E. J. Jatila J. P. N. Iabrousse E. Lingelbach G. Mankedi Sir John Mason

Nepal Togo Argentina Egypt Morocco British Caribbean Territories India

- Peru Ivory Coast Spain cuba United States of America Finland France Germany, Federal Republic of Congo United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

GENERAL SUMMARY 105

J. K. Murithi Kenya A. Nania Italy C. Padilha Brazil v. Richter Czechoslovakia R. M. Romaih Saudi Arabia M. Seck Senegal v. A. Simango Zambia S. Suyehiro Japan J. W. Zillman Australia

11.3 Appointment of the Secretary-General (Agenda item 11.3)

Congress appointed Dr. G. O. P. Obasi as Secretary-General of the Organization for the ninth financial period.

12. METEOROLOGY AND SOCIETY (Agenda item 12)

12.1 Many delegates made interesting presentations in which they described the benefits that the national Meteoro~ogical Services provided for economic activities in their countries. congress agreed that the information provided by these delegates vividly illustrated the substantial benefits which could be realized through· a· proper application of meteorological science. Congress noted that such information would be very useful, especially in those countries wishing to improve or expand their Services. It therefore requested the Secretary-General to arrange for a suitable compilation of.the statements presented during the session to be submitted for the approval of the Executive Council for publication.

12.2 A proposal submitted by the German Democratic Republic on "WMO and the assessment of possible consequences of the use of nuclear weapons to the atmosphere and the climate of the Earth" was considered under item 3.2.3 -World Climate Impact·studies Programme (see paragraphs 3.2.3.7 to 3.2.3.12 of

. the general summary).

13. IMO LECTURE AND SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSIONS (Agenda item 13)

IMO Lecture

13.1 The fifth IMO Professor P. K. Das (India).

Lecture was delivered at Ninth Congress The subject of his lecture was "Monsoons" ..

by

13.2 The impressive lecture delivered by Professor Das was followed by an extensive and lively discussion. Congress decided to place on record its great appreciation to professor Das for his valuable contribution to the series of IMO Lectures. It noted with satisfaction that the complete study undertaken by Professor Das would be published by WMO in a suitable form.

13~3 Congress approved the continuation of the series of IMO Lectures and requested the Executive Committee to make the necessary arrangements for the sixth IMO Lecture to be delivered at Tenth Congress.

106 GENERAL SUMMARY

Scientific discussions

13.4 A programme of scientific discussions had been arranged by the Executive Committee in accordance with the decisions of Eighth Congress. The subjects chosen and the experts invited to deliver the lectures were as followsi

International co-operation in research in polar regions

Anniversaries of the International polar Years and the International Geophysical Year

The value and challenge of climatic predictions

Climate and socia-economics

Integrated global monitoring of climate and the environment

Management model f.or a Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Service

Academician A. F. Treshnikov

Dr. F. G. Baker

Professor H. Landsberg

Dr. W. J. Maunder

Professor Ju. A.· Izrael

Dr. V. Richter and Dr. S. P. Adhikary

13.5 All of the lectures were followed by keen and wide-ranging discussions. Congress was very appreciative of the opportunity to hear these lectures given by acknowledged experts in the various fields and decided to place on record its sincere thanks to the speakers. It also considered it would be appropriate to publish the texts of the lectures in a suitable form and requested the Secretary-General to take appropriate action.

13.6 Finally, Congress decided that shoUld be arranged for Tenth Congress) it make the necessary arrangements.

a progr.arome of scientific lectures requested the Executive Council to

14. PLACE AND DATE OF TENTH CONGRESS (Agenda item 14)

Congress decided that Tenth Congress should be held in. Geneva from 4 to 29 May 1987.

15. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (Agenda item 15)

Ninth Congress closed at 2 p.m. on 27 May 1983.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS

1 (Cg-IX) - TECHNICAL REGULATIONS OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

THE CONGRESS.

NOTING.

(1) Article 8(d) of the Convention,

(2) Article 14(c) of the Convention,

(3) Resolution 4 (Cg-VIII) Meteorological Organization,

Technical Regulations of the World

(4) Resolution 7 (Cg-VIII) operational and research work of WMO,

units for atmospheric pressure used in

(S) Resolutions 4 and 8 (EC-XXXII) and 12 (EC-XXXIV),

(6) Paragraph 8.3.4 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirty-fourth session of the. Executive Committee,

(7) Recommendations 4 (CHy-VI), 3 and 5 (CBS-VIII), 2 (CAgM-VIII) and 17 (eIMO-VIII),

APPROVES the above recommendations,

AOOPTS.

(1) The new layout and amendments to the contents of Volumes I, II and III of the WMO Technical Regulations the texts of which are given in the annex* to this resolution,

(2) The amendments .to the Manual on ·the Global Observing System (Annex V to WMO Technical Regulations) the texts of which are given in the annex** to this resolution,

DECIDES that these amended versions of Volumes I, II and III of the Technical Regulations and amendments to the Manual. on the Global Observing System shall come into force on 1 July 1984,

* The amended versions tions, as approved (WMO-No. 49).

of Volumes I, II and III of the Technical Regulaby Ninth Congress, ~re published separately

** The amend\nentsto the Manual on the Global Observing System, Volume I, as approved by Ninth Congress, are published separately (WMO-No. 544).

108 RESOLUTION 2 (Cg-IX)

REQUESTS the Executive Council,

(1) To keep under review the Technical Regulations during the ninth financial period and to approve the necessary amendments in accordance with Article 14(c) of the Convention,

(2) To recommend to Tenth Congress any amendments to the texts of the Technical Regulations which might be necessary to take into account further developments in WMO programmes.

NOTE. This resolution replaces Resolution 4 (Cg-VIII), which will cease to be valid from 1 July 1984.

2 (Cg-IX) - WORLD WEATHER WATCH PLAN FOR 1984-1987

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 5 (Cg-VIII) - World weather Watch,

(2) Paragraph 3.1 of the general summary of the abridged report of Eighth Congress,

(3) Resolution.3 7 (Cg-VIII) - The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Pro-gramme,

(4) The eleventh status report on the implementation .of.t.he World Weather Watch, issued by the World Meteorological Organization iri·1982·,

(5) Resolution 3234 (XXIX) of· the General ASsembly of the United Nations - International co"'operation in the.peaceful uses of outer space,

EXPRESSES its satisfaction that some progress has been made in the further iIrtprovement of the operation of the.WWW during .theperiod 1980 to 1983, notably through the increased use of meteorologica~. satellites in their observation, data collection and dissemination capabilities-, increased capabilities . pf the World and Regional Meteorological Centres· and through the continued automation of Regional Telecommunication Hubs and upgrading of circuits,

REAFFIRMS its belie-f.

(~) That the World Weather Watch is the basic WMO programme on which near~y a·ll other programmes of the Organization depend,

(2) That the provision of data, analyses, short- andmedium~range

forecasts and extended-range ·weather outlooks to Members, according ·to their. specific needs., is the basic task for the WorldWeatherWatth,

0) -That modern scientific and.further techI:Iologi,ca~ developments present -.uilprecedentedopportunities· for the advancement -of the_ science and practice ofmeteorologyl

RESOLUTION 2 (Cg-IX) 109

(4) That the World Weather Watch continues to be the best way of taking up technological and scientific opportuni ties and applying them to meteorology so that the full benefits will be reaped by all countries of the world)

(5) That the World Weather Watch should be used only for peaceful purposes, due account being taken of the national sovereignty and security of states, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the spirit and traditions of the World Meteorological Organization)

CONSIDERING that the further development of the World Weather Watch to its full potential should be carried out in particular through the early implementation of the Integrated WWW System Study results,

ADOPTS the World weather Watch plan for 1984-1987 reproduced in the annex* to this resolution as the basic programme of the World Meteorological Organization for the ninth financial period 1984-1987)

INVITES the regional associations and the Commission for Basic Systems.

(I) To recommend detailed programmes and procedures for the implementation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987, as necessary)

(2) To recommend needed to support Members accordance with the plan)

the necessary technical in their implementation and

co-operation activities operation of the WWW in

(3) To keep the plan under continuous review and recommend detailed adjustments as necessary in the light of Members' changing requirements and the results achieved through the Integrated WWW System Study, bearing in mind the general principles and directives laid down in the plan)

REQUESTS the Executive Council:

(l) To adjust the plan as necessary, particularly in the light of the recommendations made by the Commission for Basic Systems and the regional associations,

(2) To ensure that through the Integrated WWW System Study a plan for the improved World Weather Watch to the year 2000 with a detailed implementation programme for the period 1986 to 1991 is developed, and that the further implementation of the World Weather Watch is carried out as appropriate)

(3) To assist Members of the World Meteorological Organization in all possible ways in meeting their respective responsibilities'within the plan)

* The World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987, as approved by. Ninth Congress, is published separately (WMO-No. 617).


(4) To devise an approach to and proceed with obtaining firm commitments on a medium-term basis (e.g. ten years) from Members concerned for the continuation of a fully operational space-based sub-system of the GOS,

(5) To submit a report to the Tenth World Meteorological Congress on the implementation of the plan during the ninth financial period toge~her with proposals for the continuation and further development of the World Weather Watch in the tenth financial period,

URGES all Members of the Organization to co-operate actively and enthusiastically, if suitable through multinational arrangements, in the implementation and operation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987 and in particular:

(a) To continue as far as possible strengthening of the operation SUb-system of the GOS, especially critical locations in the oceans,

the implementation and of the surface-based

in remote places and at and to ensure a higher

quality, accuracy and regularity of observations,

(b) To endeavour to complete the establishment of and to upgrade as far as possible the capability and reliability of the national, regional and global telecommunication networks, especially those collecti~g and transmitting observations from remote stations, to ensure the timely reception of the necessary observations at data-processi~g centres,

(c) To implement fully and maintain the space-based sub-system of the GOS, including its capabilities for the collection and distrip1.1tion of data and i-nforrnation,

(d) To keep the Secretary-General fully informed about their plans and activities for implementing the World Weather watch,

URGES those Members who are able to develop and launch meteorological satellites to implement the space-based sub-system of the World Weather Watch as expressed in the plan for 1984-1987 and to co-ordinate their. activities through the Secretary-General so that all Members can receive the maximum' benefit from meteorological satellites,

APPEALS to Meteorological Services of non-Member countries to apply the World Weather Watch concept,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General.

(1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned;

(2) To give high priority to activities related to the implementation of the World Weather Watch, including the Monitoring and Operational Information Service and in particular the WWW Implementation Support ActivitYI


(3) To keep Members of the World Meteorological Organization fully informed of progress and developments in the planning and implementation of the plan,

(4) To support with the resources available the Integrated WWW System Study, which will be a high priority activity of the Organization during the ninth financial period,

(5) To assist Members as necessary in overcoming any difficulties which may arise in the implementation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987.

NOTE. This resolution replace Resolution 5 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.

3 (Cg-IX) - WORLD WEATHER WATCH IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 37 (Cg-VIII) - The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Pro-gramme,

(2) Resolution 2 (Cg-'IX) - World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987,

(3) The eleventh status report on the implementation of the World Weather Watch, issued by the World Meteorological Organization in 1982,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That large data gaps still prevail in the surface-based networks of the Global Observing System, particularly in the tropical belt, over the oceans and in remote land areas,

(2) That considerable shortcomings continue to exist in implementing and operating circuits- and equipment of the Global Telecommunication system, especially in the tropics,

(3) That these deficiencies in the GOS and GTS reduce the availability and regularity of data and products in National, Regional and World Meteorological centres,

(4) That national resources allocated to Members I Services are not always sufficient for installing and operating certain WWW key components and that there exists a shortage in trained and experienced manpower,

EXPRESSES its firm opinion.

(1) That intensified and co-ordinated act'ivities in support of the implementation, operation and maintenance of a minimum network of the GOS and _GTS in the tropical and other data-sparse areas should be undertaken during the financial period 1984-1987.,


(2) That these WWW support activities should include the following three activity areas, namelYr

(a) continuity of the existing vital WWW key facilities even in situations where an interruption in the operation of such facilities would occur due to a lack of expendables and spare parts)

(b) Continued operation and maintenance, on national territories, of WWW key facilities and components, of specific importance for regional or global WWW operations,

(e) Continued operation of WWW -facilities in extra-territorial areas and possible establishment of new facilities, particularly in data-sparse regions,

DECIDES.

(1) That temporary emergency support, to ensure the continuity of operation of specifically identified and vital WWW key facilities, be provided, on an experimental basis during the 1984-1987 financial period, through a separate component of the VCP/F as part of the WWW Implementation Support Activi ty.. Guidelines for the procedures for the provision of such supportwill be established by the Executive Council,

(2) That the establishment of certain WWW key facilities on national territories should prima.rily be carried out through national resources, supported, if necessary, through VCP, UNDP, bilateral or multilateral funding or, in case support is required for longer time periods, through multinational co-operative projects. However, in all cases, the operational responsibility should rest with the Member on whose territory the facility is located,

(3) That the establishment of WWW facilities in extra-territorial areas should be carried out through co-operative arrangements between Members or groups of Members taking into account their ability to contribute to the overall operation of the WWW as a closely integrated global system,


(1) To identify and establish, upon recommendation of the commission for Basic Systems, firm criteria and priori ties for vi tal GOS and GTS key facili ties, eligible for extraordinary maintenance and operation support under the WWW Implementation Support Activity, in case of failure of any such facilities (see DECIDES (1) above),

(2) To define the types and the form of such support and to arrange for an effective mechanism to carry out this extraordinary temporary support to the maintenance and operation of specifically identified vital WWW key facilities, as a prompt response in situations with serious interruptions in the operation of such facilities,


(3) To review, on a yearly basis, the results of this support activity, prepared by the president of CBS, and submit to Tenth Congress a comprehensive evaluation report on the use of these WWW funds and on the impact of this support on the operations of the WWW, as well as a proposal for the 1988-1991 financial period)

(4) To encourage Members to co-ordinate and pool their national resources and efforts, as well as their requests for technical assistance, in a practical fashion in order to minimize the implementation and operation costs and to avoid c9st1y duplication of assistance support)

(5) To carry out a study on possible support arrangements and mechanisms necessary for the successful and timely implementation of the WWW programme for 1986-1991 which is to be determined by the Integrated WWW System Study)

REQUESTS the secretary-General to assist the Executive Council and the Commission for Basic Systems to undertake the necessary arrangements and to support the co-ordination of required technical support activities.

4 (Cg-IX) - IMPROVED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM ELEMENTS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 6 (Cg-VIII) - Improvement of the World Weather Watch,

(2) Resolution 1 (EC-XXXII) implementation programme,

Operational ASDAR system plan and

(3) Recommendation 1 (CBS-VIII) - Automated shipboard and land-based upper-air systems,

(4) Recommendation 2 (CBS-VIII) - Aircraft to Satellite Data Relay programme (ASDAR),

RECOGNIZING,

(1) The fundamental need for upper-air data, sea surface pressure and sea surface temperature data in data-sparse ocean areas,

(2) The special problems of obtaining such data over remote areas, particularly those which are not in the territory over which individual Members have jurisdiction,

(3) The critical importance of a mix of observing systems to provide these data,

NOTING FURTHER.

(1) The substantial progress which has been made through the joint action of several Members to make the ASDAR programme operational,


(2) The highly successful demonstrations by several Members of the operational feasibility of improved shipboard rawinsonde systems incorporating the NAVAID concept for wind finding,

(3) The increasing number of drifting buoy data exchanged on the GTS in DRIBU code form,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The need for Members to re-evaluate established observing programmes continually and to seek the most efficient and economical methods of providing the required observations,

(2) The potential cost-effectiveness of a co-operative, multi-ship upper-air rawinsonde programme using NAVAID-based equipment,

(3) The substantial improvements possible in the quality, timeliness and coverage of aircraft observations using automated reporting procedures such as ASDAR,

(4) The value of in-situ observations, especially. over ocean areas, as a source of calibration of quantitative satellite data,

(5) The special efforts required to complete the development of· proven technology and to ensure its proper integration into the WWW,

URGES Member S.

(1) To support fully the further development and implementation of ASDAR, shipboard rawinsonde and drifting buoyS in the WWW,

(2) To initiate studies, analyses and experiments to define further the value of data from these-systems in meteorological analyses and forecasts, and in the proVision of products and services,

(3) To participate actively in the planning and programme development activities required to ensure the effective utilization of these concepts in the Global Observing System, giving special attention to the best and most cost-effective mix of observing systems,

(4) To consider ways and, wherever possible, to provide the resources required to develop, implement and operate these new systems I

REQUESTS the Executive council.

(1) To pursue the efforts for the establishment of the operational ASDAR programme,

(2) To review the efforts under way to develop and test an operational shipboard rawinsonde programme and, in consultation with the Members concerned, to make the necessary arrangements to ensure that the appropriate planning and co-ordination functions which will advance the development and implementation of the programme are carried out,


(3) To pursue efforts to expand national and regional drifting buoy programmes, as necessary, in co-operation with roc and other international organizations concerned,

(4) To make maximum efforts to arrange for the future employment of these systems within the WWW including the seeking of ways in which funding may be obtained,

(5) To callan technical commissions, regional associations and international organizations concerned (e.g. ICAO and IOC), as appropriate, to assist in the successful implementation of these programmes,


(1) To provide the necessary administrative support for the ASDAR, shipboard rawinsonde and drifting buoy programmes,

(2) To encourage additional Members to participate in all phases of these programmes,

(3) To assist the Executive Council and Members in finding ways in which suitable financial support could be provided,

(4) To assist the Executive Council and Members, as appropriate, in developing procedures by which the operations of these programmes may be supported,

(5) To keep Members fully informed on the progress of these pro-grammes.

5 rCg-IX} UNITS FOR WIND Sp·EED IN ME'fEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES FOR INTERNATIONAL

EXCHANGES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 30 (Cg-V) messages for international exchanges,

Units for wind speed in meteorological

(2) The lack of uniformity of policy at the level of the national and international organizations on the unit to be used for reporting wind speed,

CONSIDERING that it is most desirable that only one unit be used for wind speed in meteorological messages,

RECOGNIZING.

(1) That consultations between WMO;, .ICAO and IMO have so far failed to result in agreement on a single unit for wind speed,

(2). That, to facilitate agreement at the level of international organizations on this matter, agreement will first have to be reached at the national level,

116

INVITES,

(1) ICAO and IMO to wi th WMO through Ministers other relevant ministers to

RESOLUTION 6 (Cg-IX)

agree to approach member countries/states of Foreign Affairs (Exterp.al Relations) seek a single national view which will

jointly and/or be the

official position of that member country/state in all the three organizations)

(2) The three organizations to agree to move towards implementation of the majority view at an agreed date)

DECIDES that, prior to agreement being reached on procedures under INVITES (1) and (2) of this resolution and a majority view being established, WMO will maintain the present procedures (1983), i.e. the use of metres per second and knots as appropriate)

DIRECTS the Secretary-General to bring this resolution to the attention of ICAO and IMO and enlist their concurrence and participation in the implementation of procedures set forth under INVITES (1) and (2) of this resolution,.

URGES Members to take steps, with their national authorities, with a view to obtaining a national view on this matter so that it is appropriately reflected in the three international organizations.

6 (Cg-IX) - MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND RELATED OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES FOR THE , PERIOD 1984'-1987

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 12 (Cg-VIII) Marine meteorological' and, related oceanographic activities for the period 1980-1983,

(2) Resolution 15 (Cg-VIII) - Co-ordination of marine activities,

(3) Resolution 14 (Cg-VIII) - WMO's participation in. the development and implementation of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEPOR),

(4) Resolution 8 (Cg-IX) - Integrated Global Ocean Services System,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That a continued concerted effort by Members is needed 'in order that marine meteorological and related oceanographic services may meet the leve'l and standards required internationally,

(2) That an increasing number of developing countries will be involved in the implementation of their responsibilities regarding the issue of weather and sea bulletins as specified in the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services,


(3) That requirements from the marine user communities call for close co-ordination in the provision of meteorological and oceanographic services,

(4) That expanded marine environmental services should be supported by efficient and co-ordinated programmes for the acquisition of meteorological and oceanographic data,

(5) That the support provided by WMO for various marine research programmes should be based on the wide use of existing WMO programmes and facilities including the joint IOC/WMO Integrated Global ocean Services System,

REAFFIRMS the principle that WMO, in developing its marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities further, should continue to maintain direct contact with international organizations representing users' interests and should work in close co-operation with IOC., IMO, FAO and other international bodies dealing with marine environmental programmes and projects)

REQUESTS the Executive Council, with the assistance of the Commission for Marine Meteorology, other technical commissions concerned and the Joint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS, to promote the implementation of WMO marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities)

REQUESTS FURTHERMORE the regional associations to continue providing active support for regional developments in marine meteorology, as regards both the fostering of speci~l regional co-ordination arrangements and training in marine meteorological and related oceanographic subjects)

URGES Members concerned to tation of marine meteorological particular.

give all possible support t.o the implemenand related oceanographic activities, in

(a) To strengthen their marine meteorological and related oc_eanographic service programmes J

(b) To assist developing countries to fulfil their responsibili tres under the marine meteorological services programme)

(c) To continue and/or expand their contribution to the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme)

(d) To make pecia11y

full use satellite

environmental data

of modern telecommunication means, essystems, for the collection of marine

and the dissemination of.information,

(e) To contribute to approved international projects of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEPOR), in particular to studies of large-scale ocean-atmosphere inte_raction processes, ocean monitoring and ocean-atmosphere climatic studies)

(f) To arrange, where required, for adequate training of personnel involved in marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities)

ll8 RESOLUTION 7 (Cg-IX)·


(1) TO arrange for the appropriate co-ordination of WMO's activities in the above fields with other international organizations)

NOTE:

(2) To assist in the implementation of the above-mentioned activities,

(3) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned.

This resolution replaces Resolution 12 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.

7 (Cg-IX) - SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES FOR MARINE OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 11 (Cg-VIII) - Improvements in the marine meteorological and related oceanographic data collection scheme,

(2) Resolution 2 (Cg-IX) - World Weather Watch plan for 1984-1987,

(3) IGOSS General Plan and Implementation Programme 1982-1985,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That new observing platforms such as satellites, anchored and drifting buoys, observing towers and rigs and new observatio~ techniques have been introduced to obtain marine-meteorological and related oceanographic data,

(2) That with the increasing involvement of WMO in physical oceanographic activities, such as IGOSS, -new observation parameters have been added, such as measured waves, sub-surface temperature, salinity, sea currents and sea-level,

(3) That the need for the timely collection of ocean and marine meteorological data from a variety of marine observing platforms has led to the extensive use -of modern communication capabilities, particularly those offered by geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellites, INMARSAT and the Service Argos,

(4) That considerable developments will take place in ocean platform/ shore telecommunication arrangements during the coming decade, which will affect marine data collection,

INVITES Members.

(1) To undertake, individually or jointly, the. development of improved- observing systems essential for the- timely acquisition of ocean and


marine meteorological data which are needed to meet the requirements of the WWW, marine meteorological services, wep, IGOSS and other WMO programmes)

(2) To participate in the exchange of information on new data collection technology in ocean areas, including automated observing and transmitting devices)

(3) To participate actively in data collection operational or research programmes established by WMO or international organizations)

activities within jointly with other

REQUESTS the presidents of CMM, CIMO and CBS, and the chairman of the Joint Working Committee for IGOSS to co-operate closely in the development of improved systems and techniques for observation and data collection in ocean areas,

REQUESTS the Executive council and the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps for the transfer of knowledge to developing countries to enable them to upgrade their capabilities in marine observations and data collection activities)

ENDORSES the action taken by the Executive Secretary-General to establish a joint mechanism between consider technical, financial and administrative questions

8 (Cg-IX) - INTD3RATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

committee and the WMO and INMARSAT to of common interest.

(I) Resolution 13 (Cg-VIII) - Integrated Global Ocean Station System,

(2) Resolution 6 (EC-XXXIII) - Report of the second session of the Joint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS,

(3) IGOSS General Plan and Implementation Programme 1982-1985,

(4) Resolution 7 (EC-XXXIII) - Co-ordination of WMO marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities with activities under the IGOSS General Plan and Implementation Programme 1982-1985,

CONSIDERING that data originating from the IGOSS programme not only make a significant contribution to ocean moni taring and operational meteorology but are also becoming increasingly important for the World Climate Programme,

URGES Members to increase their participation in all or any parts of the basic elements of IGOSS, in particular the IGOSS Observing System, by enlisting more research and voluntary observing ships for the BATHY/TESAC Operational Programme, by improving ship-to-shore telecommunication arrangements and by supplying expendable bathythermograph probes to ships through collective and bilateral assistance programmes)

120

NOTE.


REQUESTS the Executive Council to take any action considered necessary.

(a) To further the co-operation between WMO and IOC in the continued implementation of IGOSS,

(b) To assist Members in the further implementation of IGOSS.


9 (Cg-IX) - UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 16 (Cg-VIII) - United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,

(2) The action taken by the Secretary-General to bring this resolution to the attention of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,

(3) The Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted at the eleventb session of the conference on 30 April 1982,

EXPRESSES deep appreciation to Ambassador A. Yankov, then chairman of the Third Committee of the conference, for readily accepting to have the questions raised by Resolution 16 (Cg-VIII) studied by the conference with results entirely satisfactory to WMO,

REALIZING that, at present, WMO plans and co-ordinates two types of activities over the oceans:

(a) Activities of an operational nature, such as those undertaken wi thin the framework of the World Weather Watch, the marine meteorology programme and the Integrated Global Ocean Services System,

(b) Marine scientific research activities which may be undertaken or co-ordinated by WMO within the framework of its research programmes,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That adequate marine meteorological data coverage from ocean areas, including those from the Exclusive Economic Zone, is indispensable for the issue of timely and accurate storm warnings for the safety of life at sea and the protection of life and property in coastal and offshore areas,


(2) That the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1974) specifies that the contracting governments undertake, inter alia, to encourage the collection of meteorological data by ships at sea and to issue warnings of gales, storms and tropical storms,

(3) That Members of WMO have undertaken the responsibility of issuing warnings for the high seas and coastal waters according to internationally agreed procedures,

(4) That WMO co-ordinated research programmes will marine meteorological and oceanographic data sets from including the Exclusive Economic Zone,

require extensive the world ocean,

URGES Members to continue to promote marine meteorological and related oceanographic observational programmes over the ocean, _for both operational and research purposes)

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General.

(a) To arrange, in close consultation with the president of CMM, for a continuing review of the implications of the legal provisions of the convention on the ocean-related activities of WMO with a view to informing the United Nations and Members of WMO, as appropriate)

(b) To take, as necessary, action to ensure that the ocean-related activities of WMO, both operational and scientific, are undertaken under the most favourable conditions.

10 (Cg-IX) - WMO AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) WMO Technical Regulations [C.3.1]/ICAO Annex 3,

(2) Resolution 10 (Cg-VIII) - Application of meteorology to aviation,

(3) The report of the seventh session of CAeM,

(4) The close co-operation of WMO with ICAO and other international organizations in this field,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That the requirements for meteorological services for aviation are developing rapidly with regard to the nature and accuracy of the information needed and the speed with which it should be supplied, thus calling for a continuous effort in the scientific, technical and procedural aspects of aeronautical meteorology,


(2) That major efforts should be devoted countries to strengthen their national capabilities meteorological services for aviation, as part of national Meteorological Service,

to assisting developing for providing adequate the activities uf the

(3) That WMO should continue, jointly with ICAO, to develop an Aeronautical Meteorology Programme which meets the needs of aviation interests effectively,

DECIDES that the WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Programme in the ninth financial period should be conducted on the basis of the outline contained in the annex to this resolution,

REQUESTS the Executive council to review and update the programme as required upon recommendations of the CAeM,

URGES Members to support the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme and to implement the provisions of the relevant parts of the Technical RegUlations to the maximum extent possible,

REQUESTS the secretary-General.

(1) To assist in the implementation of the programme wi thin the financial resources allocated to this programme)

(2) To collaborate with ICAO and other interested international organizations as appropriate.

Annex to Resolution 10 (Cg-IX)

WMO AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME

Objectives

1. The primary objective of the WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Programme is to assist Members to plan, establish and operate aeronautical meteorological services required to ensure the safety, efficiency and economy of- air navigation. This can be attained if the advances in atmospheric research and development are applied by Members in the provision of meteorological services for the aviation industry. The Aeronautical Meteorology programme should assist in the further development of aeronautical meteorological services, with the full support of the WWW Programme required to achieve the above goals. Collaboration with ICAO, lATA and other international organizations should be continued in order to ensure that operational requirements are met effectively.

2. The Aeronautical Meteorology Programme should be regarded as a continuing activity and should be flexible enough to adjust to new developments, whether relating to weather prediction techniques, observing methods and instrumentation, which could have an important impact on the quality and accuracy of the information provided for aviation interests, or in the arrangements for meeting aviation requirements. To achieve this ultimate objective


of the programme, namely I to give an increasingly efficient service to aviation, it is necessary for both the service aspect and the development and research aspect to be given due attention.

Programme components

3. The be designed

main components of the WMO Aeronautical Meteorology programme will to induce work on the following topics.

(a) Studies of scientific and technical developments in methods for the provision of meteorological services for civil aviation and general aviation, including helicopter operationsJ

(b) Development of new and updating of current regulatory material for the provision of meteorological services for civil aviation)

(c) optimum use of the World Weather Watch in the implementation of the World Area Forecast System,

(d) Specialized training of personnel engaged in aeronautical meteorology.

4.. The above activities will be carried out in close co-operation with rCAO (in accordance with the rCAO/WMO Working Arrangements), lATA and other international organizations.

Main activities

5. Areas in which work should be continued or will need to be initiated by CAeM during the ninth financial period will include the following,

(a) Observations at aerodromes

provision of guidance material for the installation and maintenance of observing systems, taking into account the requirements for more accurate ~nformation for the efficiency of operations)

Provision of guidance material for specialized observations, such as Runway Visual Range, especially during marginal weather conditions)

Provision of guidance material for the automatic acquisition of data and their delivery to aeronautical users in real-time,. use of the Meteorological Observational Range (MOR) concept for automatic observing stations)

Review reports

of the coding procedures for aviation routine (METAR) in the light of aeronautical requirements.

weather

Detection and forecasting of low-level wind shear and turbulence,

Short-term RVR forecasts)


Use of radar and satellite images for short-term forecasts of landing and take-off conditions;

Use of meso-scale models and limited-area model (LAM) products for aerodrome forecasts)

Stimulating research in the forecasting of fog and other phenomena hazardous to aviation and methods for the determination of slant visual ranges in the lower ranges.

Provision of forecasts for extensive areas for centralized flight planning) development of necessary code forms and exchange formats in close co-ordination with the activities under the GDPS of WWW,

Revision of model charts and forms)

Services to meet the special requirements of general aviation and helicopter operations)

Study of the impact of air reports on the quality of wind/tempera-" ture forecasts in connexion with the Integrated WWW System Study)

Studies leading to the improvement of en-rout~ weather forecasts.

Detection and forecasting of hazardous weather conditionsl

Provision of guidance material for the use of advanced techniques involving satellite and radar data, interpretation of NWP products)

Warnings for light aircraft,

Requirements for observational data for consideration by the Integrated WWW System Study.

(e) Telecommunication arrangements and information distribution at aerodromes----------------------------------------------------

Information systems for the display of aerodrome observational data in real-time)

Use of digital/facsimile electrostatic plotters for the transmission of aviation forecasts in ~ictorial form)

Use of visual display units (VDU) and printers for self-briefing in pre-flight planning.


Provision of guidance material for aeronautical meteorological practices,

Arrangements for the optimum use of WWW facilities in support of the WAFS,

Co-ordination between WAFS and WWW at the global and regional levels,

Alignment of formats and forms for flight documentation for the dissemination of WAFS products)

Review of code forms used for aeronautical purposes, their contents as well as coding and reporting procedures.

(g) Transfer of knowledge and specialized training of personne·l engaged !~=~~!~!!~~=~~~~~~~~~Si---------------------~----------------------

Provision of fellowships and Training Programme activities,.

and other activities under the Education and the WMO technical co-operation

Arrangements for" the transfer of knowledge relating to aviation meteorology and -assistance in the further development of aviation meteorology in developing countries.

11 (Cg-IX) - WMO PROGRAMME ON INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 28 (Cg-VIII) - Instruments and methods of observation,

(2) Resolution 12 (EC-XXXIV) - Report of the eighth session of the Commdssion for Instruments and Methods of Observation,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The need for further development of the activities in the field of instruments and methods of observation, with a view to developing new observing systems based on conventional and remote-sensing techniques for ensuring the provision of observational data to meet the requirements of WMO programmes,

(2) The importance of the increased use of new technology, in particular for the automation of observations,


(3) The paramount importance of the provision of high-quality and compatible data through the introduction of rigorous quality control procedures and standard algorithms for the conversion of Level I to Level II data,

(4) The ever-increasing demand for specialized training of instrument specialists and technicians for the operation and maintenance of observing systems I

ADOPTS the WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods given in the annex to this resolution for implementation financial period,

of Observation in the ninth

URGES Members.

(1) To participate actively in and to support the implementation of the WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation,

(2) To participate I as appropriate, in international and regional instrument comparisons for evaluating and comparing the performance of meteorological instruments and new methods of observation)

(3) To continue and, if possible, increase their activities for the development of new observing systems, nationally or through co-operative efforts, including the development of improved sensors and standard algorithms for automatic weather stations and upper-air sounding systems,

(4) To ensure the training of instrument specialists and technicians through national and regional training programmes and to combine their efforts, for this purpose, at the regional level by using all possible technical means and possibilities available,

INVITES the president of the commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations

(a) To keep the implementation of the programme under review,

(b) To report to the Executive Council on the progress made and to propose adjustments to the programme as required,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to provide all possible assistance in the implementation of the programme.

NOTE. This resolution replaces Resolution 28 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.



WMO PROGRAMME ON INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION

Objectives

1. One of the purposes of WMO, as laid down in Article 2 of the Convention, is to promote the standardization of meteorological and related observations. For this purpose WMO should develop and provide guidance for the performance of meteorological instruments as well as for the methods of observation to be used by Members. Standardized observations are essential for the various WMO programme's I particularly for the www.

2. The objectives of the WMO programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation are,

(a) To update existing and develop new regulatory and guidance material on observation systems and techniques as well as on methods of observation)

(b) To support the development of techniques and methodologies to ensure the consistency of the data sets required by WMO programmes in a cost-effective manner)

(c) To promote the development of standardized methods of geophysical measurements within the context of WMO programmes)

(d) To co-ordinate with the WMO Education and Training programme in the preparation of technical guidance and training material for the education and training of instrument technicians and -inspecto-rs-, a-s par-"E e.f WMO's general policy for the transfer of knowledge and methodology, particularly to meet the needs of developing countries.

3. During the ninth financial period a specific goal of the WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation will be to provide input to the Integrated WWW System Study (ISS).

Pr~gramme components

4. The main components of the WMO Programme on Instruments and Methods of Observation will include.

(a) Providing input to ongoing WMO programmes, particularly the WWW, including the Integrated WWW System StudYI

(b) promotion·of new instrument development and evaluation of instruments)

(c) Studies of instrumentation for improved methods of meteorOlogical surface and upper-air observations and development of suitable criteria for standard algorithms to achieve higher data qualitYI

(d) EValuation of improved remote-sensing techniques with a view to introducing them into operational observation networks)

lis RESOLUTION 11 (Cg~IX)

(e) Developing performance characteristics for ins-truments, particularly automatic instruments, on the basis of USer requirementSJ

(f) Organization of international and regional instrument comparisons,

(g) Defining calibration requirements and methods;

(h) Provision of seminars and tenance)

technical input for education and training (training training rna.terial) and guidance on instrument main-

(i) Updating the fifth edition of the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation,

( j ) Exchange of information and instruments and new methods ferences and publications.

experience on of observation

the operation of through technical

Development and updating of observation methods for quality assurance

new con-

5. The present guidance provided by WMO for computation and compilation of TEMP reports is based on a manual system. The increasing use of computers and the introduction of automatic systems have provided both the need and opportunity to quantify standard data reduction to a greater extent and to eliminate sources of differences in radiosonde performances.

6. In order to ensure data homogeneity and uniform quality from upper-air and automatic weather stations, standard algorithms for data conversion for sampling and transforming the raw data should be developed in close co-operation with CBS and other commissions. Therefore, the following algorithm developments should be completed as soon as possible,

(a) Standard algorithms for automated upper-air measurements)

(b) Standard algorithms for data reduction to Level II data for automatic weather stations.

Comparison and evaluation of instruments

7. For the evaluation of instruments and the updating and standardization of methods of observation, one important means is the comparison of different instrument designs. The following international comparisons should be carried outl

(a) International comparison of radiosondes)

(b) International comparison of sensors for automatic weather stations)

(c) Sixth International pyrheliometer Comparisons)

(d) Regional comparison of pyrheliometers and pyranometers)

(e) International comparison of ozone instrumentation)


(f) International comparison of reference psychrometers and modern hygrometers)

(g) International comparison of ceilometers.

Development of performance characteristics for instruments

8. performance characteristics should be derived from requirements by established WMO programmes for different meteorological equipment. They should provide a real improvement in meteorological instruments applied in the GOS, and for the purposes of other programmes they should provide assistance to Members in $electing instruments. The most important performance characteristics refer to,

(a) Several types of automatic weather stations,

(b) Rawinsonde systems,

(c) "Base-line" sub-system.

upper-air stations in support

provision of technical input to education and training

of the space-based

9. The increased use of advanced technology and sophisticated systems in observing programmes requir,es enhanced efforts for training of instrument and maintenance specialists. CIMO should make the follOWing contributions to the efforts in this direction I

(a) Assistance in the organization of technical seminars for the training of instrument and maintenance specialists, observing technicians, supervis-ors -and -th-e-ir i-nst-ruetor-s I -n-a-me-lYIi

(i) Regional training workshop on instrument maintenance and repairs for Regions III/IV, and

(ii) Region~l training workshop on instrument maintenance and repairs for Regions I/II/V,

(b) Development of guidance material for technical training.

publications

10. publications on instruments and methods of observation should include guidance and regulatory material. All chapters of the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation have been revised and seven new chapters have been added. The new series of publications entitled the "Instruments and Observing Methods Report" series was established in 1980 to disseminate important reports of working groups, rapporteurs, technical conferences and instrument comparisons. The publications activity should comprise:

(a) Updating of the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, as appropriate, and its publication in the other official languages,

130 RESOLUTION 12 (Cg-IX) .

(b) providing information in the "Instruments and Observing Methods Report" series on new achievements in instrument developments and new methods and techniques of observation.

12 (Cg-IX) - TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 8 (Cg-VIII) - WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme,

(2) Resolution 32/196A of the UN General Assembly,

(3) The annual status reports on the implementation of the WMO Tropical Cyclone programme issued in 1980, 19B1 and 1982,

NOTING FURTHER, with appreciation:

(1) The contributions of Members to the activities conducted under the general component of the Tropical Cyclone programme,

(2) The success of the programmes carried out by the four regional tropical cyclone bodies,

(3) The generous assistance provided through the WMO Voluntary Co-operation programme and bilateral arrangements and th.e substantial assistance rendered by UNDP to. this work,

(4) The fruitful and developing co-operation with other international organizations, especially ESCAP, UNDRO, UNEP and LRCS,

EXPRESSES its satisfaction with the progress so far achieved in implementing the Tropical Cyclone Programme, particularly with regard to the valuable guidance material published under the general component of the programme and the improvements to the operational system resulting from the programmes of the regional tropical cyclone bodies,

REAFFIRMS its grave concern at the heavy loss of life and severe damage still being caused by tropical cyclones in many areas of the world and the human suffering and economic losses resulting from them)

CONSIDERS that, whilst the measures already taken under the Tropical Cyclone Programme have helped many countries to improve their protective systerns, continued and more vigorous action to combat the adverse effects of tropical cyclones is a high priority requirement,

ENDORSES the Tropical Cyclone programme's plan of action adopted in 1981 by the President of WMO on behalf of the Executive Committee,

DECIDES.

(1) That the WMO Tropical Cyclone programme shall be continued and be strengthened and intensified as much as possible in the years ahead,


(2) That the activities should be guided by the Tropical Cyclone Programme's plan of action (1981»)

APPEALS to Members and international organizations participating in the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme to give, wherever possible I increased support to these activities by contributing the resources .essential for their expeditious implementation)


(1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned)

(2) To keep Members concerned fully informed of progress and developments in the planning and implementation of the programme)

(3) To assist cyclone-prone Members people and property from tropical cyclones extent possible, acti vi ties related to the directly linked with the provision of accurate

in their efforts to safeguard by supporting, to the maximum programme and especially those and timely warnings.


13 (Cg-IX) - WMO SATELLITE ACTIVITIES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 90 (XXXVII, 1982) of the Assembly on the Second united Nations Conference

. Peaceful Uses of OUter Space,

united on the

Nations General Exploration and

(2) Recommendation 1 (VIII-RA I) Programme,

continuation of the METEOSAT

(3) Recommendation 1 (VIII-RA VI) - Satellite programmes,

(4) Resolution 8 (Cg-VII) - Meteorological satellite programmes,

CONSI DERING.

(1) That, owing to technological developments during the last decade, polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites have emerged as a vital component of the World Weather watch and playa critical role for the meteorological and hydrological operational services provided by Members at the global, regional and national levels,


(2) That the continued operation of meteorological satellites, both polar-orbiting and geostationary, in their observation, data-collection and dissemination roles is essential and must be ensured if the World weather Watch system and related applications are to be preserved,

(3) That the Integrated WWW System Study has to cover many facets of observational and telecommunication applications of existing and prospective new operational meteorological satellites,

(4) That satellite-related activities are now present in almost all aspects of meteorological and hydrological work, and that all of the WMO technical commissions are concerned with the applications of space technology in their programme areas,

(5) That the technical co-operation activities of WMO involve ber of projects, either through the Voluntary Co-operation Programme or the United Nations Development programme, for providing satellite data-handling facilities,

a numwithin ground

(6) That WMO needs to participate actively in· the international pursuit of ways to increase the assurance of a continuous and reliable operational global satellite system for meteorological applications,

(7) That the time needed to develop a new generation of operating sate IIi tes is about ten to twelve years from the start of budget planning until the first satellite is launched,

(8) That it is important for WMO to follow closely the developments in relation to various other environmental satellites now in orbit or planned (e.g. European Space Agency/Earth Resources satellite, France/SPOT, Japan/ Marine Observations Satellite and the U.S.A./LANDSAT) and their potential applications to WMO programmes,

(9) That all Members who develop and/or operate meteorological and other environmental satellites and all the users of satellite data need to co-ordinate their activities,

URGES.

(1) Members concerned to maintain the polar-orbiting and geostationary satellite systems and to ensure the continuity of operation of these satellite systems,

(2) All Members to consider the overall value of the global satellite system to the operational meteorological, hydrological and oceanic services they provide and to consider what action they would be prepared to take to ensure the continued operation of this system)

(3) Those Members who are prepared to develop and launch meteorological and other environmental satellites to co-ordinate their activities and keep the Secretary-General informed so that all Members can receive the maximum benefit from such satellites,


REQUESTS the Executive Council.

(1) To continue its role as the overall co-ordinating body on satellite matters, through an EC Panel of Experts on Satellites in which, at the discretion of the Executive council, satellite experts and experts representing application aspects and/or satellite data user communities may participate)

(2) To devise an approach to and proceed with obtaining the firm commi tments (on a time-scale of up to about ten years) of Member governments for the continued operation of meteorological satellites)

(3) To undertake a study concerning the long-term policy and strategy that may be needed to ensure the continuity and reliability of an operational satellite system which provides continuous availability of and access to satellite meteorological data)

REQUESTS the Commission for Basic Systems to analyse within the framework of the Integrated WWW System Study the implications of the issues outlined above)


(1) To ensure the effective overall co-ordination of all satelliterelated activities within the WMO Secretariat)

(2) To seek the collaboration of, and possible financial support from, other international organizations, including the UN outer Space Affairs Division, FAO,UNDRO, IAF and COSPAR, especially with respect to education and training for the applications of satellite technology)

(3) To report to Tenth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit proposals for the future,

NOTE.

(4) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned.

This resolution replaces Resolution 8 (Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

14 (Cg-IX) - WORLD CLIMATE PR(X:;RAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) The results of the World Climate Conference organized by WMO in Geneva in February 1979, and especially the Conference Declaration,

(2) Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII) - World Climate Programme,


(3) Paragraph 3.4 of the general summary of the abridged report of Eighth Congress,

(4) Resolution 6 (EC-XXXII) - World Climate Programme,

(5) Paragraphs 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 .of the general smmnary of the abridged report of the thirty-third session of the Executive Committee,

(6) Paragraph 6.1.1 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirty-fourth session of the Executive Committee,

(7) Resolution 17 (EC-XXXIV) - Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and Data Programmes,

(8) The reports on the implementation of Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII),

(9) Resolutions IS, 17 and 18 (Cgo-IX) and paragraph 3.2,3 of the general summary of the work of Cg-IX,

RECOGNIZING that the fulfilment of the objectives of the World Climate programme.

(1) To use existing climate inf·ormation,

(2) To improve our knowledge of climate processes)

(3) To -foresee natural or man-made climate variati-ons or changes which may markedly affect human activities and to warn governments)

can provide the basis for -significant improvements in the ability of Members to provide services to national economic and social development)

RECOGNIZING FURTHER that the contents of WMO publication No. 540 -outline plan and basis for the World Climate Programme 1980-1983 - continues to provide a valuable framework for the elaboration of plans for the World Climate Programme)

EXPRESSES its satisfaction with the progress achieved in the development of detailed plans for the different components of the World Climate Programme and their initial implementation with the valuable co-operation of ICSU, UNEP, FAD, Unesco and IOC, the World Energy Conference (WEC), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and other international organizations)

CONSIDERING that a need exists for the further elaboration and implementation of the plans for the World Climate Programme listed in NOTING (9) above, as we-II as for a mechanism to achieve co-ordination- of the entire programme,

REAFFIRMS that the World Climate Programme should be used only for peaceful purposes, due account being taken of the national sovereignty and securi ty of states, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the spirit and traditions of the World Meteorological Organization)


DECIDES.

(1) That the World Climate Programme (WCP) should continue to constitute one of the major programmes of the WMO)

(2) That the World Climate Programme should have the following four components I

World Climate Data Programme (WCDP), World Climate Applications programme (WCAP),

. World Climate Impact Studies programme (WCIP), World Climate Research Programme (WCRP),

which should be implemented and further developed in collaboration with other international organizations in accordance with relevant decisions of Congress)

(3) That the organizations and bodies having responsibility for the planning and implementation of the as follows.

WCDP • WMO (CCl/CBS) WCAP • WMO (CCl/CAgMjCHy) WCIP • UNEP WCRP • WMO/ICSU

the lead role and components should be

(4) To note the establishment by the thirty-fourth session of the Executive Committee of an Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and Data Programmes,

(5) That the following mechanism should be used for the co-ordination of the World Climate programme.

(a) Annual review and guidance by the Executive Council,

(b) co-ordination meetings of the types listed below, to be convened by the Secretary-General of WMO only when necessary and as approved by the Executive Council each year.

(i) Meetings of the executive heads of international organizations involved in the WCP,.

(ii) Meetings of the chairmen of the WMO Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and Data Programmes (ACCAD), the ICSU/WMO Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) and the UNEP Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) to report to the Executive Council,

(iii) Meetings of the Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and Data programmes to report to the Executive Council,

(c) continuous co-ordination by the Secretariat,


URGES Members to promote national climate activities and to util,i2:e the WCP programmes, as appropriate, to strengthen their Services for the benefit of national economic and social development,

REQUESTS the Executive Council t9 conduct an annual review of the progress and fut\l:fe plans for the WCP,

REQUESTS the technical commissions to study and to give high priority to implementation of those aspects of WCl? activities which fall within the area of their competence and responsibility)

REQUESTS the regional associations to give pa!'"ticul<lr attention to regional aspects of wel? and hold regional and sub-regional meetings associated with the wel? when necessary)

REQUESTS the Sec!'"etary-General,


(2) To convene WCP ce-ordination meetings whep necessary, in accordance with paragraph (5) (b) under DECIDES above)

(3) TO provide continuous co-ordination and report annU<llly to the Executive Council on the progress and future plans for the WCl?)

(4) To report to Tenth Congress on the progress achieved and to submi t pJ;oposals for the future.

NOTE, This resolution replaces Resolution 29 <eg-VIII), which is no longe!'" in fo:):'ce.

15 (Cg-IX) - THE WORLD CLI~TE Al?PLICATIONS PROG~

THE!,;ONGl1lDSS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 29 {eg-VIII) - World Cj.imate Programme,

(2) ResolutiOn 17 (Cg-VHI) - Application of meteorology to agricul-ture,

(3) Ref;;olution 18 (Cg-VIII) - WMO acti vi ties in contribution to the combat against des~rtifi~ation,

(4) Resolution 19 (Cg-VIII) - P!'"omotion o.f applications of meteorology to energy problems with particula!'" J:egard to solar and wind energy utilization,

(5) Resolution 20 (Cg-VIII) - promotion -of special applications,


(6) Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII) - Water Resources Development Programme,

RECOGNI ZING I

(1) That there is an immediate need for nations to utilize existing knowledge of climate in the planning of social and economic development, and in the management of activities in food production, the rational use of water, and in all aspects of the use of energy,

(2) That extensive and user-oriented analysis of climate data is a prerequisite for such activities,

(3) That close relations are perceived to exist between agricultural meteorology and agricultural climatology, especially by the user community,

DECIDES.

(1) To approve the priority activities of the World Climate Applications Programme as defined in the annex to this resolution)

(2) To approve the continued implementation of WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification, as approved in Resolution 18 (Cg-VIIIlJ

(3) To approve the continued promotion of special applications, as approved in Resolution 20 (Cg-VIII»)

ENDORSES the action of the Executive Committee in adopting Resolution 15 (EC-XXXIV) - WMO activities related to energy matters)

URGE~ all Meml>ers I

(1) To continue to promote the full use of meteorological and hydrological information in national activities, taking into account the priority activities of WCAP,

(2) To provide maximum co-operation in carrying out the international aspects of these priority activities)

(3) To promote a timely flow of reliable meteorological and hydrological information - including data collected by satellites - relevant to these priority activities. Data which are exchanged must be in a standardized format)

(4) To develop, teach and publicize the methods of meteorology and hydrology applied to these priority activities)


(1) To conduct an annual review of the progress and future plans of the World Climate Applications Programme and the climatic aspects of the separately identified activity of the combat against desertification)

(2) To assign priorities within the planned activities of the WCAP)

138 RESOLUT!ON 15 (Cg-IX)


(1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned,

(2) To assist Members in the implementation of the national aspects of these priority activitiesJ

(3) To take the necessary steps to implement the regional aspects of these priority activities through the regional associations)

(4) To further develop co-operation with other international organizations in the implementation of the activities,.

(5) To promote the translation of Technical Notes into the working languages of the Organization, wi thin the budgetary resoUrces available.

*

* *

Annex to ~solution 15 (eg-IX)

GUIDELINES FOR PRIORITY ACTIVITIES IN THE WCAP

ACTION AREAS AND PROPOSED PRIORITY PROJECTS

Systematic application of proven methods and techniques to national food ,problems

(i)

(ii)

Formulate knowledge on the production potential in the area

Formulate potential productivity of crops and animals

I. CARS 'for WCAP-Food

bI.

Establish a Climate Applications ~ferral System (CARS) to facilitate WCAP-Food activities

Documentation and pUblications

{il

(iii

Operational documents and guidelines relating to data

Handbook on use of satellite data in agrometeorology

(iii) Educational booklet on wUAP-Food for decision-makers and planners

V. Other projects

ei)

(ii)

plan pilot projects including choice of location and scope

Assess/analyse national food systems

(iii) Promote the use of satellite information for agrometeorological purposes

(iv) Implement pilot projects in the field

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY IN WMO

WCAP-FOOD

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM/CBS

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

Joint WHO/FAO team

CAgM/CBS/EC Panel of Experts on Satellites

Primarily WMO Members

OTHER O~ANIZATIONS/PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED*

FAO/Unesco/WHO Interagency Group

FAO, CGIAR, other international andl national agricultural institutes

Consultants, specialized institutions

ESA and consultants

consultant

National planning service, national Meteorological Service, national Agricultural service, FAO, CGIAR

FAO, ESA, international and national institutes

Other national authorities

~

~ ~ t;:

t ..

* Reference to a country or organizati0n does not imply their agreement to participate~ other organizations may also be invited. t ~

II.


Studies of climate variability using hydrOlogical data

Analysing long time-series of hydrological data with respect to climate variability

Preparation of unified analysis methods and guide,lines'

II. Modelling of the hydrological cycle

III.

IV.

workshop on approaches to and possibilities for the coupling

. of physically based climate and hydrological models

APplication of climate forecasts and infor.mation in the operation of waterresource systems

(i)

(ii)

Study of potential for monthly and seasonal climate forecasts and applications for the Sahel

Pilot study of potential for climate forecast applications to hydropQWer, irrigation and flood control in the YaI!\una. River

(iii) compilation and evaluation of glacier fluctuations related to climate variability:

of water and their

Transfer of the hydrological information of stations and b~sins to grid points or average grid area values

Development of methodologies

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILIT~ IN WMO

WCAP-WATER

Clly

CHy

CHy

CHy

CIly j,oi.ntly with unesco

CRy

OTHER OliGANlZATIONS/PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED*

Unes,co

IIASA

Countries of Sahelian region, UNDP'~ FAO

India ~ UNDP. UNJ:,DO ~ IIASA

PrimaIy responsibility. rests, with Unesco and I~SI

ICSur, National COI!IIll1t1:ee for Vl::.P, Fe-d~ Rep. of Germany

-It Reference to, a country or organization does Dot impl.y .. their agreement to, participate" o:thex organiz'aUons: may also be invited_

:;: o

~ m

~ ~ t;;

" :. "

ACTION AREAS AND PROPOSED PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY IN WMO OTHER OBGANIZATIONSjPARTICIPANTS PRIORITY P:ROO'ECTS INVOLVED*

WCAP-WATER (contd.)

r". Studies of the influence of climate variations on water resources

Sensitivity of water-resource CRy Countries concerned, UN Economic systems to climate variations jointly with Unesco Commissions, IIASA

- Sensitivity studies on large basins in different regians

.

'WC:AP-ENEBGY

I. special projects

Ii) Organize special eel National governments projects and expert missions to developing count~ies especi~lly concerning meteorological aspects of solar and wind energy

(il) Review and,update methods for the eel Consultants assessment of solar and wind energy

(iii) Develop methodologies for the CAS/CCl National governments interpolation of solar radiation and wind data

(iv) Review the use of satellite,imagery CCl/CBS/CAS Consultants for assessment of solar energy resources and devise a plan to facilitate use of such methods by developing countries

II. Climate Applications Referral System (CARS)

eel Consultants,

I

spe~ialized institutions

gy

* Reference to a country or organization does not imply their agreement to participate; other organizations may also be invited.

~

~ ~ t;;

n ~ H X

:;: H


PRI~RY RESPONSIBILITY IN WMO

WCAP-ENE~Y (contd.)

1111. Data considerations

,rv.

(i)

(ii)

Continue work on the processing and presentation of meteorological data tailored to the requirements for solar and wind energy development

Continue corresponding work relevant to problems of energy consumption and conservation in buildings and human settlements

(iii) consider problems (already identified) concerning station networks and data for energy applications and undertake measures for solving these problems

Education and training

Consider the proposals for energyrelated education and training, especially those for the training of specialists to participate in expert missions, and arrange for their implementation

Documentation and publicity

(i)

(ii)

Arrange for the early publication of French, spanish and Russian versions of the two WMO Technical Notes (so far produced in English) on the meteorological aspects of the utilization of solar radiation and wind as sources of energy

Arrange for the preparation and publication of two practical manuals or handbooks on the application of meteorological/climatological knowledge and data to solar radiation and wind energy questions

eel

eel

eel

ETR

eel

eel

(iii) Arrange for the publication of a bodkletlcCl designed to make decision-rnakers and planners aware of the ways' in which meteorology can be used to aid s'olution,of problems concerning energy

OTHER O~ANIZATIONS/PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED~'

Consultants

Consul.tants, national institutes

Consultants

National governments

Consultants

Consultants

* Reference to a country or organization does not imply their agreement to participate) other organizations may also be invited.

:;: ~

rn

~ ~ ~ ~

;; "1 ~


16 (Cg-IX) - THE AGRICULTURAL METEOROLCGY PRCGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII)~ World Climate Programme,

(2) Resolution 17 agriculture,

(C~VIII ) Application of meteorology

143

to

(3) Resolution 18 (Cg-VIII) - WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification,

(4) Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII) - Water resources development programme,

RECCGNIZING.

(1) That food shortages still occur in many countries of the world,

(2) That agrometeorology has a considerable potential for contributing to increased and improved agricultural production and the subsequent storage and transport of agricultural products,

(3) That meteorolo_gical services for agriculture are inadequate in many countries,

(4) That all Members of the World Meteorological Organization have the responsibility of ensuring that full use is made of all available meteorological and hydrological knowledge and information on agricultural planning and operations at the national level,

(5) That close relations are perceived to exist between agricultural meteorology and agricultural climatology, especially by the user community,

DECIDES:

(1) To approve the priority activities of the Agricultural Meteorology Programme as defined in the annex to this resolution;

(2 )

contribution Resolution 18

To approve the continued implementation of the WMO activities in to the combat against desertification, as approved in (Cg-VIII) )

URGES all Members;

(1) To continue to promote hydrological information in national Agricultural Meteorology Programme)

the full use of meteorological activities, taking into account

and the

(2) To provide maximum co-operation in carrying out the international aspects of the priority activities of the Agricultural Meteorology programme)


(3) To promote a timely flow of reliable meteorological and hydrological information - including data collected by satellites relevant to these priority activities. Data which are exchanged must be in a standardized format,

(4) To develop, teach and publicize the methods of meteorology and hydrology applied to these priority activities)

REQUESTS the Executive Council,

(1) To conduct an annual review of the progress and future plans of the Agricultural Meteorology Programme, and the agricultural meteorology aspects of the separately identified activity of the combat against desertification)

(2) To assign priorities within the planned activities of the Agricultural Meteorology Programme;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General,


(2) To assist l'lembers in the implementation of the national aspects of these priority activities,

(3) To take the necessary steps to implement the regional aspects of these priority activities through the regional associations)

(4) To continue to develop co-operation with other international organizations in the implementation of these activities)

(5) To promote the translation of Technical Notes into the working langnages of the Organization, within the budgetary resources available.

NOTE, This resolution replaces Resolution 17, (Cg-VIII) which is no longer in force ..

..

.. ..

I.

III.

!III.

IIV.

p.

pI.

tvII •

tv"I .

IX.

X.

XI.


GUIDELINES FOR PRIORITY ACTIVITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL METEOROL~Y PRCGRAMME


Assist countries to develop and strengthen their agrometeorological services

Promote the application of agroclimatic data in agricultural activities

Promote the systematic application of proven methods and techniques to national food problems (roving experts)

Promote the use of agrometeorology to reduce losses of fO,od (pests, diseases, storage, transport)

Improve systems for collecting an~ processing current meteorological and agrometeorological data especially precipitation data

Prepare and publish documents, guidance material and handbooks on operational techniques of value for day-to-day farming

Prepare and publish reports on meteorological factors affecting aspects of agriculture

Prepare and publish reports on crop-weather models and crop-hazard forecasting

Organize "on-the-job" training

Organize workshops and roving seminars

Organize training through participation in pilot projects

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY IN WMO

AGRICUL'l'URAL METEOROLCGY PROORAMME

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM/CC1/CBS

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

CAgM

OTHER OBGANlZATIONS/PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED'"

National Meteorological Services

FAO, Unesco, agricultural institutes, national Agricultural Services

FAO, international agricultural institutes

FAO, inter.national agricultural institutes, national Agricultural Services

National Meteorological Services} national Agricultural Services

FAO, CGIAR

FAO and specialized institutions



National governments

,., Reference to a country or organization does not imply their agreement to participate, other organizations may also be invited.

[l]

" g § ~ :;: ()

"l H

"

:;: <.n


17 (Cg-IX) - WORLD CLIMATE DATA PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII) World Climate programme, and its annex. Outline plan and basis for the World Climate Programme 1980-1983,

(2) Abridged report of EC-XXXIV, general summary, paragraph 6.5, concerning the World Climate Data Programme (WCDP),

(3) The Plan for the WCDP as reviewed by Members,

RECOGNIZING,

(1) That the development of adequate systems for the management, storage and retrieval of climate data is essential for climate applications, impact studies and research,

(2) That improvements in climate data availability and accessibility, using advanced technological means, require considerable efforts:from Members, as· well as dedicated co-ordination by WMO and other international organizations,

(3) That education and enhanced in order to promote developing countries,

training in the updating

climatology of national

will data

need to archives

be in

DECIDES to adopt the summary of actions required to achieve WCDP objectives, as contained in the annex to this resolution, as a basis for the further development of the programme)

INVITES Members to participate in the implementation of the WCDP, with emphasis on the development and upgrading of national, regional and global archives of climate data) climate data management and user services) and the provision of information on climate data availability;

REQUESTS the Executive Council to arrange for further planning and implementation of the programme using the Plan for the WCDP, as revised in the light of comments by Members, as guidance)

REQUESTS the CCI and CBS to assume a lead role in the implementation of the WCDP and the other technical commissions to assist, within the area of their competence and responsibility;

REQUESTS the WMO regional associations to promote climate data management in their Regions on the basis of regional implementation plans for the WCDP)

ENCOURAGES international organizations involved in the management of climate-related data to co-ordinate, as required, relevant activities with those undertaken by WMO under the World Climate Data programme)

RESOLUTION 17 (Cg-IX) U7


(1) To bring this resolution and the Plan for the WCDP to the attention of all concerned,

(2) To provide the necessary co-ordination and assistance with regard to the further implementation of the programme, using the Plan for the WCDP as guidance)

(3) To update the Plan for the WCDP in the light of new requirements and developments, for consideration by Tenth Congress.

*

* *

SUBJECT

Data requirements

Data archives and management


SUMMARY OF TYPES OF ACTION REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE l«:DP OBJECTIVES

GOALS

Complete specifications of climate data requirements

Updated and complete national data archives,. adequate management of climate data

Improvement of data archives at national and international centres to meet international standards and requirements of the WCP

co-ordinated, distributed climate data management system

TYPES .oF liCTION REQUIRED

To collate and assess requirements for climate research

To collate and assess reqUirements for applications having international implications with regard to climate data management

To collate and assess requirements for climate impact studies

Assistance to countries in upgrading or ~stablishing national (and regional, as required) data banks, including data rescue projects (i.e. microfilming of past manuscript data records») inclUdes West African'Data Bank '

Guidelines ani - digitizing and/or archiving formats - quality controljvalidation procedures

climate data observing, collecting, handling management procedures archiving procedures (storage, updating, retrieval, inventories, exchanges, etc:)

Training

Validation, processing, formatting of histor'ical data

Assembly and compilation of data sets as required by WCP (observed, analyse,d, grid pOint, derived data sets)

FUrther development of international data management systems, involving regional and world data centres for archiving in delayed mode

Co-ordination with climate related monitoring activities

.. Primary responsibility indicated with an underline.

OJ;GANIZATIONS INVOLVED*"

~,. IOC

CCl, CBS & other technical commissions) FAO other international organizations

~, CCI

CCl,. CBS,. regional associations) regional organizations,. roc

eel) cas) CAgMJ CRy) CMM, IOC/IODE

cel, Regional Meteorological Training centres

CC1,. regional/sub-regional centres,. national centres J. NODes

Technical commissionsJ JSC,. national and international data centres

CBS,. eCl, co-ordination efforts by technical commissions and other international organizations concerned

UNEP

.: '"

rn

§ ~

"' " n "l ~ ~

SUBJECT

Data observing systems

Climate data exchange in near real-time

Intercomparisons of climate data l Intercalibration of instruments

GOALS

Continued operation and upgrading as required of climate data observing systems

Development of systems for the continuous observation of climate variations, as required' by WCP

Improved quality and availability of climate data needed currently for research or applications projects

Improved accuracy and homogeneity of climate data sets

TYP~,S OF ACTION REQUIRED

Assistance to countries in maintaining existing systems

Implementation of require~ WWW observing systems

Deployment of tested FGGE experimental observing systems

Deployment and/br continuation of minimum surfacebased observing systems with support of satellite data observing systems

Development of new technology as required

Continuation of, existing observing systems, but raised to the FGGE levels of performance

Development of 'improved climate observing systems over the oceans

Implementation of experimentally tested new systems such'as ASDAR, NAVAID, drifting, buoys, constant-level balloons, etc.

Improvement of operational exchange of synoptic data, their va]idation and archiving at WWW (or IGOSS) centres

updating of CLiMAT and CLlMAT TEMP exchange system

Extension of systems (regional, global) for precipitati~n data

Conduct of instrument intercalibration projects

Intercomparisons between observing system's data output a"nd independent data sets

Guidelines on data accuracy

* primary responsibility indicated with an underline.

oroANIZATIONS INVOLVED*

~, regional associations/NMCs

~, regional associations/NMCs

CBS, IOC/NMCS

CBS, IGOSS, technical commissions as appropriate, IOC, NMCS, NMS

CBS, JSC, research institutions

~, IGOSS, ICC, CMM

~, JSC, ICC, CCCO, CAS, IGOSS, POMS

~, IGOSS, IOC,. WWW centres

~, IGOSS, lODE, ICC, WWW centres, NODCs

CCl, CBS, wwti centres, NMS, NCC

CBS, CCl

~, CMM, CAeM, CAgM

eCl, CBS, JSC

Technical commissions, ICC

! g .... ~

n "I ~

~ '"

SUBJECT GOALS TYPES OF ACTION REQUIRED ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED*

Data services, Adequate data services · Assistance to countries in developing efficient CCI) CBS) CAgM) CAeM) CHy) CMM) IOC derived data climate data services which includes the products preparation of derived data products

· Brochure on climate data utilizati.on in various CCl, other technical commissions fields (research, different applications, impact studies) - case studies

Information on preparation and updating Assistance to countries in compiling data CCI, IOC, ICSO data availability of data catalogues, catalogues and station inventories,

station history inven- selection of climate reference stations tories as well as infor-mation on availability of data in related disciplines

Internationally co- · Development of the World Climate Data ~, co-ordinating between national and ordinated service for Information Referral Service (INFOCLlMA) international data and referral centres information on climate and publication of the INFOCLIMA catalogue data availability

Education and To improve expertise in Introduce aspects of climate data management and Regional associations/Regional training climate data management utilization in education and training programmes Meteorological Training Centres

· Assistance to countries and regions in conducting " " " workshops for on-the-spot training

-

* primary responsibility indicated with an underline.

Acronyms;

CAeM CAgM eAS CBS eel CCCO CRy elMO CMM

FAD ICSO

Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology commission for Agricultural Meteorology commission for Atmospheric Sciences Commission for Basic systems Commission for Climatology Committee on Climatic Changes and the Ocean (IOC/SCOR) Commission for Hydrology Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation Commission for Marine Meteorology Food and Agriculture Organization International council of scientific Unions

IGOSS ICC lODE JPS JSe NeC NMC NMS NOllC POMS ONEP

Integrated Global Ocean Services System Intergovernmental oceanographic Commission International oceanographic Data Exchange Joint Planning Staff for GARP and WCRP Joint Scientific Committee National Climatic Centre National Meteorological Centre (WWW) National Meteorological Service (Climatological Unit) National Oceanographic Data Centre Pilot Ocean Monitoring system United Nations Environment Programme

-----~

>-' en o

rn

~ !l ~

;:; "I .... "


18 (Cg-IX) - WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII) World Climate programme, and its annex, Outline plan and basis for the World Climate Programme 1980-1983,

(2) The agreement between WMO and ICSU on the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) (WMO Publication No. 540),

RECOGNIZING,

(1) The scientific importance of understanding the physical basis for climate, the increasing vulnerability of social and economic conditions to fluctuations in climate, and the possibility that human activity may now be reaching a scale which could influence local and global climate,

(2) That the WMOjICSU Agreement on the World Climate Research Programme provides an effective institutional arrangement for the planning and organization of international research on climate,

CONSIDERING that the organization of the WCRP according to increasing time-scales of climate variations, as proposed by the Joint Scientific Committee for the WCRP ,_ constitutes a sound scientific basis for the planning of activities to meet the objectives of the programme,

DECIDES to approve the continuation of the arrangements between WMQ and ICSU for the conduct of the World Climate Research Programme,

INVITES Members to participate in the implementation of the WCRP, with emphasis on the support to the development and exploitation of numerical models of the climate system, the development of new space- or ground-based observing systems and the systematic monitoring of significant climatological quantities)

REQUESTS the Executive Council to arrange for further planning and implementation of the programme)

REQUESTS the Secretary-General, working wi thin the framework of the WMOjICSU Agreement on the WCRP,


(2) To update the plan for the implementation of the programme in the l.ight of the guiding principles outlined above,

(3) To report to Tenth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit proposals for the future.


19 (Cg-IX) - WMO PRa;RAMME ON SHORT- AND MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH (PSMP)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(I) Resolution 22 (Cg-VIII), Programme on Short-, Long-range Weather Prediction Research (PWPR) ,

Medium- and

(2) Paragraphs 3.3.1.3-3.3.1.11 of the general summary of the abridged report of Eighth Congress,

(3) Paragraphs 5.2.1-5.2.5 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirty-fourth session of the Executive co~ttee,

(4) The abridged final report of the eighth session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (Melbourne, February 1982) and the long-term goals of CAS for the 1980s,

(5) The directives of Eighth Congress that CAS should take an active part in the post-FGGE research, and the opinion that more emphasis should be given to short- and medium-range weather forecasting,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That significant developments have taken place in the field of numerical weather prediction in recent years,

(2) That many Members have shown interest in strengthening weather prediction activities,

(3) That generous offers have been made by Members with advanced NWP facilities and research groups to serve as activity centres,

(4) The need for strengthening research for a better understanding of problems of forecasting local weather on the basis of numerically predicted fields, which will help Members to strive for greater accuracy in short- and medium-range weather prediction,

(5) The need for further assessment of scientific and technical development in numerical weather prediction modelling, including the analysis/assimilation of high-resolution satellite data and other data obtained from the GARP experiments, which will have operational applications in routine weather forecasting and warning services,

(6) The great benefits gained by many countries, including those in tropical regions, from the vast amount of data obtained from the First GARP Global Experiment and its associated GARP experiments as well as the scientific results therefrom,


(7) The leading role to be played by CAS following the WMO/ICSU Conference on the Results of the Global Weather Experiment (late 1984 or early 1985) in research based on FGGE data and other GARP experiments of benefit to weather-forecasting services of WMO Members, and the need to help scientists, especially in developing countries, to make the optimum use of FGGE data and to enable them to participate in studies in the post-FGGE research phase,

DECIDES to adopt the WMO Programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research as outlined in the annex to this resolution,

ENCOURAGES all Members, especially those who have offered to serve as activity centres, to collaborate and participate in joint research projects to be implemented within the programme)

REQUESTS the Executive Council to promote the co-ordination of Members' work in this field)

REQUESTS the president of CAS to keep under review research developments in short- and medium-range weather prediction and to make appropriate proposals to the Executive council on the desirable course of action, in particular the implementation of specific research projects with high priority, in consultation with the presidents of other technical commissions and other scientific bodies concerned, including non-governmental organizations,

REQUESTS the secretary-General.

(1) To take the necessary action, in consultation with the president of CAS, for the further development and implementation of the Programme on -Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research and keep it updated)

(2) ~o i'!SSlst !-I~mben; particLpating in the programme by :facilitating the training and exchange of scientists, particularly those from developing countries, within the limits of available resources)

(3) To ensure the full development of the potential role that activity centres can play in implementing the programme with appropriate Secretariat assistance)

(4) To ensure the transfer of NWP methodologies and experience to all WMO Members by means of technical reports, annual reports and other suitable publications,


(6) To report to Tenth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit proposals for further activities in this field.

NOTE. This resolution and Resolution 20 (Cg-IX) replace Resolution 22 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.



WMO PROGRAMME ON SHORT- AND MEDIUM-RANGE

WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH (PSMP)

Objectives

1. The objective of the WMO programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather prediction Research is to enable WMO to:

(a) Assist Members in improving the accuracy of their short- and medium-range weather prediction through optimum use of observational data and existing analysis and forecasting techniques)

( b) Encourage Members to develop new techniques prediction and the objective interpretation of application to routine forecasting)

for numerical weather numerical products for

(e) Encourage and co-ordinate research to:

Obtain a better understanding of atmospheric motions as an aid to· the development of improved models for weather prediction,

Improve estimates of the ultimate limits of predictability of different types of weather systemsJ

Assist in the design of observing system for routine

an optimum composite meteorological numerical weather prediction,

(d) Promote the transfer of forecast methodologies and experience to all WMO Members and the co-ordination of their research efforts on weather predicti~m ,

(e) Assist scientists, especially those from developing countries, in their participation in relevant areas of weather prediction research conducted in an activity centre or elsewhere;

(f) Provide advice to Members concerning research and training projects in NWP, forecasting of local weather and related topics.

The overall strategy

2. The main responsibility of WMO experience are transferred to all WMO adequately co-ordinated, and that the disseminated.

is to ensure that methodologies and Members, that research efforts are

results of these studies are widely

3. WMO/CAS further

Since some research areas to review current research attention ..

develop rapidly it will be necessary for activities and to identify fields deserving


4. WMO should act as a co-ordinator of Members' activities in short- and medium-range weather prediction research by keeping current activities under continuous review and taking the initiative, where appropriate, to prepare and publish technical reports on significiant advances in research, and to organize or sponsor technical conferences, workshops, symposia, expert meetings and seminars.

5. The Members' main research efforts in this area should be directed towards achievingl

( a) Improved methods for data assimilation and making . optimum use of new data sources and obtained during the different GARP experiments,

numerical forecasting, the scientific results

(b) A better understanding of the data requirements for numerical forecasting,

(c) Advanced new technical systems (automatic as well as semi-automatic) to improve very short-range weather forecasts, with emphasis on the prediction of severe weather events,

(d) More reliable dynamical, statistical and objective methods for quantitative precipitation forecasting and other local weather element forecasting.

Priority projects

6. The WMO Research includes

Programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction work relating to the following priority study projects.

(a) Research on the application of high-resolution quantitative satellite data,

(b) Limited-area weather prediction modelling,

(c) Phenomenological studies,

(d) Objective interpretation methods,

(e) Very short-range forecasting.

7. In order to promote the advancement of the priority projects, a number of activity centres have been or will be designated for each project, with the following responsibilities:

To inform Member countries annually about their activitiesJ To make data sets and computer programs available for other users and have these documented in a standardized way. To invite visiting or seconded scientists; To organize workshops/courses and prepare technical reports and/or other comprehensive publications) To assist other users in adopting numerical systemsa


8.. These centres will be requested to submit once a year a brief report on their activities.. The reports are to be circulated by li1MO to the other activity centres, to the president and vice-president of CAS and to the members of the working group concerned.

Detailed list of study projects

9. Study Project 1 - Research on the application of high-resolution quantitative satellite data

Interactive processing and retrieval methods) Data assimilation methods) Data impact studies.

To publish a technical report on the state-of-the-art in this field~

To convene a workshop on this project in the latter part of_ the financial period.

10. Study Project 2 - Limited-area weather prediction modelling

Determination of the sensitivity to resolution and the initial and boundary values) Development of techniques for representing the interaction between limited-area and large-scale forecasting systems, Investigation of numerical techniques) Development and/or assessment of parameterization schemes for the boundary layer, moisture processes and radiation.

Catalogue of limited-area forecasting systems - preparation by centres, publication and distribution) Workshop on limited-area modelling; Exchange of scientists between activity centres and visiting scientists from and to implementing centres that wish to introduce or expand NWP systems) Establish maintenance and availability (libraries) •

11. Study Project 3 - Phenomenological studies

of data banks

Sensitivity study related to initial and surface conditions, Sensitivity study related to physical parameterization)


prediction of specific weather elements by numerical and other means 1-

Comparative study of the usefulness of the locally observed data not directly used in the present fine-mesh limited-area models.

Preparation of a technical report on the state-of-the-art in this field, Nomination of activity between activity centres Workshop on limited-area

centres and exchange of scientists and other centres) NWP models (see Study project 2).

12. Study project 4 - Objective interpretation methods

Establishment of regional data banks (see Study Project 2), Comparison of alternative approaches (e.g., perfect prog, MOS) to objective interpretation, Comparison of alternative (e.g., regression analysis,

statistical forecasting discriminant analysis)

methods within

various approaches) Establishment of well-documented computer libraries of statistical software.

Exchange of .scientists between activity centres and visiting scientists from and to implementing centres, Publication and dissemination of two technical reports on forecast verification and one technical report on statistical interpretation methods) International symposium on N~~.

13. Study Project 5 - Very short-range forecasting (VSRF)

Numerical mOdels suitable for very short-range forecasting and mesoscale predictability studies) Techniques for local and regional forecasts of near-surface weather and precipitation) Observational methods and mesoscale observation systems) Data processing, analysis and interactive colour display applications.

Designation of activity centres) Co-sponsorship of nowcasting symposia) Exchange of scientists between activity centres and visiting scientists from and to implementation centres.


20 (Cg-IX) - WMO PROGRAMME ON LONG-RANGE FORECASTING RESEARCH (PLRF)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 22 (Cg-VIII) programme on Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather Prediction Research (PWPR),

(2) Paragraphs 3.3.1.5 and 3.3.1.6 of the general summary of the abridged report of Eighth Congress,

(3) The abridged final report of CAS-VIII (Melbourne, February 1982) and Resolution 2 (CAS-VIII) - Working Group on Long-range Weather Forecasting Research,

(4) Recommendations arising from the WMO-CAS/JSC Expert Study Meeting on Long-range Forecasting (LRF) (Princeton, U.S.A., December 1982),

RECOGNIZING that significant economic and social benefits would be gained by many countries in the world through improving the accuracy of LRF,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The need for WMO to promote Members' research efforts into the development of operational weather forecasting methods over months and seasons,

(2) The need for a better understanding of the physical mechanisms of large-scale atmospheric-oceanic phenomena,

(3) The need for developing reliable dynamical forecast approaches as well as the pursuit of refined empirical forecast methods,

APPROVES the WMO Programme on Long-range (monthly and seasonal) Forecasting Research, as outlined in the annex to this resolution)

ENCOURAGES all Members to collaborate and participate in joint research projects to be implemented within the programme)

REQUESTS the Executive Council to promote the co-ordination of Memhers' work in this field and to ensure that the programme on LRF and the WCRP are complementary and not overlapping)

REQUESTS the president of CAS, in collaboration with the chairman of the JSC, to keep under review methodological developments in LRF (monthly and seasonal) and to make appropriate proposals to the Executive Council on the desirable course of action, in particular the implementation of specific research projects of high priority)




(2) To take the necessary action, in consultation with the president of CAS, for the development and implementation of the programme,

(3) To assist Members participating in the programme by facilitating the training and exchange of scientists I particularly those from developing countries, within the limits of available resources)

(4) To ensure the exchange of relevant information by means of periodical reports and other suitable publications,

(5) To arrange for appropriate Secretariat assistance in implementing the programme,


NOTE: This resolution and Resolution 19 (Cg-IX) (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.


replace Resolution 22

WMO PROGRAMME ON LONG-RANGE FORECASTING RESEARCH (PLRF)

Lon-9--t;e~m -Qbjectives

1. The long-term objectives of the WMO Programme on Long-range Fore-casting Research (PLRF) are;

(a) To encourage and assist Members in increasing their research efforts to develop practical methods for long-range (monthly and seasonal) forecasting (LRF) with a view to achieving a significant level of skill by the end of the decade,

(b) To encourage Members to explore the feasibility of prediction of atmospheric variability on monthly and seasonal time-scales by combining dynamical prediction approaches with refined empirical forecast methods,

(e) To assist in the transfer between Members of scientific knowledge on LRF methodologies, on the up-to-date status of research on LRF, and on the development of operational prediction models and techniques.

The main goals

2. The way these objectives may be achieved is to seek and stimulate Mem-bers' collaboration and participation in joint research efforts:


(a) To improve the understanding of monthly and seasonal variability and interaction of the atmosphere, upper ocean and land surface,

(b) To determine the limits of predictability of atmospheric variations for the monthly and seasonal time-scalesJ

(c) To develop and rigorously test the performance of significantly better prediction models and schemes, based upon physical, dynamical and statistical principles.

The overall strategy

3. WMO should act as a co-ordinator of activities in LRF (monthly and seasonal) by keeping current activities under continuous review and taking the initiative, where appropriate, to prepare and publish technical reports on significant advances in research undertaken, and to organize or sponsor technical conferences and symposia, including expert meetings.

4. In order to facilitate the implementation of the programme, it may be necessary to invite interested Members and research institutions to serve as activity centres by making facilities available as necessary_ The responsibilities of such centres are:

To inform Member countries of their activities annually;

To make data sets and computer-programs available for other users, and to have these documented in a standard way-;

To invite visiting or seconded scientists;

To organize workshops/courses and to prepare review papers and other comprehensive reports.

Programme of work

5. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of monthly and seasonal LRF based on the dynamical approach and to identify means of potential improvement in the current LRF methods, many studies regarding theoretical modelling and observational studies would need to be undertaken under the programme. The proposed priority study projects and the recommended study topics relating to each of the goals are listed below:

A. Proposed priority study projects

Assessment of the most critical needs of users of monthly and seasonal forecasts)

Critical review of forecast testing and evaluation schemes;

Formulation of data collection and management plan for data records needed for diagnostic model parameterization, predictability and empirical studies;


Formulation of data collection and management plan for current data needed for diagnostic and model initialization for intercomparison tests (this activity will draw on observing system studies, WCP and WWW activities).

In order to promote these activities, the following meetings are necessary.

Regular review conferences (workshops) on diagnosis and prediction of monthly and seasonal variations over the globe,

A conference on operational LRF systems (1985).

B. Recommended study topics relating to each of the main goals (see paragraph 2)

Studies of ocean-atmospheric interaction in the tropics eastern and western ocean margins I including phenomena El Nino,

and over such as

Multi-year general circulation model (GCM) sensitivity studies on the effects of non-seasonal snow cover and of non-seasonal soil moisture.

Study of dynamics of ITCZ variations,

Analysis and parameterization of the mean flow/eddy interaction needed for simplified predictive models.

Implementation of predictability experiment with a low-resolution model,

Systematic survey of the distribution of potential predictability from data records)

Investigation of the causes of climate drifts in GeMs)

Development of parameterizations for modelling soil moisture effects,

Conducting statistically designed forecast experiments with real data and diagnostic calculation,

Investigation of means of combining dynamical model outputs with statistical procedures to make both predictions and probability estimates)


Rapidly obtain estimates of scientific necessity I practicability, lead time and cost for observing systems: (a) for model initialization and (b) for diagnostic and parameterization studies.

6. For the development and implementation of priority study projects relevant to the above-listed topics, the CAS Working Group on Long-range Weather Forecasting Research (in consultation with the JSC) will give scientific advice to the Secretary-General and the Executive Council through the president of CAS, as and when necessary_

21 (Cg-IX) - WMO TROPICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 23 (Cg-VIII) - WMO programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology,

(2) The action taken by the Executive Committee and the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences in the development and implementation of the relevant priority projects within the Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology (PRTM) ,

(3) The high priority assigned by CAS to tropical meteorology research in its long-term goals. f~r the 1980s,

(4) The directive of Eighth Congress that CAS should gradually assume responsibility for promoting and co-ordinating re·search activities based on tropical data obtained from GATE, FGGE, MONEX and WAMEX,

RECOGNIZING that many Members attach great importance to research in tropical meteorology. and have indicated their intention to participate in the implementation of the relevant PRTM research projects for whicl:J. some Members are acting as activity centres,

RECOGNIZING FURTHER that some important asp<3cts of tropical meteorology, such as the El Nino phenomenon, are to be studied as part of the World Climate Research Programme and the programme on Long-range Forecasting Research and are matters of high priority,

CONSI DERING.

(1) The need for WMO to continue to promote the co-ordination of research efforts in those areas of tropical meteorology which would most help Members in the tropical zone to improve their forecasting services, thereby contributing to their national economies,

(2) The need to help scientists, especially those countries, to participate in studies of tropical meteorology where,

from developing conducted else-


(3) The need for WMO to ensure that the maximum benefit is derived from research undertaken and to stimulate research activities in particular fields of tropical meteorology,

(4) '!.'he potential importance of research in tropical meteorology in achieving a better understanding of the processes of tropical weather systems and their connexion with and influence on the global circulation,

(5) The lack of sufficient meteorological and climatological data from tropical latitudes for scientific purposes,

ENDORSES the action taken by the Executive Committee to continue to implement specific priority projects of the WMO Tropical Meteorology Programme as outlined in the annex to this resolution)

DECIDES to encourage and place increasing emphasis on research and development in tropical meteorology, giving particular attention to:

(a) '!.'he optimum use of numerical models and of data resulting from recent developments in a number of tropical experiments such as GATE, MONEX, WAMEX and FGGE including satellites to improve the understanding of atmospheric circulation within the tropics ~

(h) The exchange of scientific information between research institutes and analysis centres, and particularly the participation of scientists from developing countries in relevant specific research projects}

(c) The collaboration and participation of interested research institutes for tropical meteorology and analysis centres acting as- activity centres where necessary and feasible,


(1) To consider and take appropriate steps to encourage the further development and implementation of specific high-priority projects relating to.

(a) Tropical cyclones and associated storm surges)

(b) Monsoons)

(c) Meteorology of semi-arid zones and the problems of tropical droughts~

(d) Tropical disturbances and associated rainfall)

(e) Interaction between tropical and mid-latitude weather systems,

(f) Tropical limited-area weather prediction modelling)


(2) To give increased attention and support as necessary to: the organization of symposi-a, technical conferences and training seminars on tropical meteorology) the preparation of relevant technical reports) the ·publication of periodic progress reports on national research work in tropical meteorology} the proilision of advice to Members on request) and the improvement of training of meteorological personnel specializing in tropical meteorology)

URGES Members to collaborate and participate in specific high-priority projects wi thin this programme every way possible to the overall effort,

REQUESTS the president of CAS:

the implementation of and to contribute in

(1) To keep under continuous review relevant major research activities and to identify specific fields requiring further investigationJ

(2) In consultation, as appropriate, with the presidents of other technical commissions and relevant regional bodies, to advise the Executive Council and the Secretary-General on any measures that should be taken in the development and implementation of the programme, including the collection, processing, exchange and publication of tropical data for research purposesJ



(2) To take the necessary action, in consultation with the president of CAS, for the further development and implementation of the programme,

(3) To assist Members participating in the programme by facilitating the training and exchange of scientists, particularly those from developing countries, within the limits of available resourcesJ

(4) To arrange for the exchange of relevant information by means of periodical reports and other suitable publications, and through holding appropriate technical conferencesJ

(5) To ensure the full development of the potential role the activity centres can play in implementing the programme with appropriate Secretariat assistance,


NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 23 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.

· RESOLUTION 21 (Cg-IX) 165

. Annex to. Resolution 21 (Cg-IX)

WMO TROPICAL METEOROLCGY PRCGRAMME

I. Objectives

1. The main objectives of the WMO Tropical Meteorology Programme will be to enable WMO to.

(a) Promote the co-ordination of Members' research efforts (as described in paragraph 5 below) in relevant areas of tropical meteorology, by making the optimum use of data, both those which are routinely available and those which are now becoming available from a number of tropical experiments (e.g. GATE, MONEX, WAMEX and FGGE) and the scientific results therefrom. This will lead to a better understanding of the behaviour of tropical weather systems and to an improvement in forecasts, and will thereby be of economic benefit to the community,

(b) Ensure the effective transfer of scientific knowledge on methodologies so as to help in the application of research results to operational services in tropical countries,

(c) Help sCientists, especially those from developing countries, to participate in studies of tropical meteorology conducted elsewhere)

(d) Provide advice to Members, on request, concerning research and training projects in tropical meteorology)

(e) Encourage the exchange of information between Members concerning the up-to-date status of research in tropical meteorology.

II. Programme components

2.. The main components of the WMO Tropical Meteorology Programme will include work relating to the foIl-owing rel?earch topics:

(a) Tropical cyclones and associated storm surges:

(i) studies of tropical cyclone dynamics using observational data and numerical modelling,

(ii) Research into techniques for predicting tropical cyclone intensities and tracks,

(iii) (iv)

Research into storm-surge forecasting techniques) Research aspects of the WMO Tropical Cyclone programme, cluding the operational application of scientific results TOPEX,

infrom

(b) Monsoons I studies of monsoon phenomena on global and regional scales, including MONEX, WAMEX and FGGE, with particular emphasis on studies based on the data obtained in these experiments)

(c) Meteorology of serid.~arid zones': research assessing the likelihood of

problem of tropical drought conditions)

droughts

(d) Tropical disturbances, in particular rainfall associated with.

(i)

(ii ) (iii)

Semi-permanent tropical convergence zones and disturbances oli them) West African disturbance lines) Easterly waVeS and cloud clusters)

(e) Interactions between tropical and mid-latitude weather systems,

(f) Tropical limited-area weather prediction modelling.

3.. The details of studies needed to answer sCientific questions on the above subject have been developed in the form of Specific priority projects for implementation within the programIfie. The list of these projects in two categories of priority is given in section IV. Since there is a continually evolving set of research tasks, it will be necessary for CAS to keep under review current research activities and identify fields requiring further attention.

III. The overall strategy

4. WMO meteorology

should act as a co-ordinator of research activities in tropical by keeping these activities under continuous review and taking the

ini tiati ve I where appropriate, to ensure that the maximum benef! t is derived from the effective transfer of scientific knowledge on methodologies so as to h~lp in the application of research results to operational services in tropical countries.

5. The specific tasks which WMO should undertake in order to implement the above strategy are.

(a) To ascertain the extent of research efforts in tropical countries, including facilities and manpower, in the fields of data acquisition I data analysis and forecasting)

(b) (i)

(ii )

To define, mainly through the assistance of the working groups and technical experts I research problems of importance to tropical countries in different regions, taking into account their potential economic significance) and To formulate the relevant study projects carried out in relation to these research sideration by interested Members or research

which need to be problems for con~

institutions,

(c) To prepare and publish technical reports on significant advances in research undertaken, and to organize or sponsor technical conferences and symposia, including eXpert meetings.


6. The way in which these objectives may be achieved is to seek and stimulate the Members' collaboration and participation in joint research efforts required for project implementation, including the offer of facilities to serve as activity centres. The responsibilities of these centres are,

(a) To inform Member countries periodically through existing information channels about their research activities,

(b) To undertake the work specified for the projects of the programme on a voluntary basis and to prepare and publish review papers for distribution to those interested,

(c) To arrange for and accept the exchange of scientists to carry out the work relevant to specific projects under the programme, and

(d) To organize workshops, seminars and symposia I -etc.

IV. Implementation of specific high-priority projects

7. Those research projects (Priority 1*) which have been/are to be implemented under each of the six main programme components are listed below with an indication of the relevant activity centre.

(a) Tropical cyclones

(i)

(11 )

Global tropical cyclone data for research

Small-scale cycloidal motions of tropical cyclones

(iii) Association of tropical cyclogenesis with large-scale circulation changes

(iv) The structure and dynamics of tropical cyclones

(v)

(vi)

Techniques for predicting tropical cyclone genesis, intensities and tracks

Storm-surge forecasting techniques

Activity centre

U.S.A./Colorado State Unive-:r-sity

U.S.A./National Hurricane Center

U.S.A./Colorado State University

(to be decided)

(to be decided)

(to be decided)

* Priority I classificationl Those problems which are of direct interest and "importance to tropical meteorology research and for which international funding is expected to bring about significant progress.


(b) Monsoons

(i) Long-term programme for monsoon India Meteorological stUdies Department

(ii) Factors determining the large-scale cir- India Meteorological culation in the tropics, including the Department seasonal migration of ITD/ITCZ

(c) Meteorology of semi-arid zones and tropical droughts

(i)

(ii )

Radiation flux studies in the tropics (with a pilot stUdy)

Research and monitoring of the moisture budget over limited tropical areas with particular reference to agricultural needs (with two pilot studies in the Sahel and India regions)

Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the India Meteorological

Department

AGRIIYMET Centre in Niamey, Niger, and the India Meteorological

Department

(d) Tropical disturbances and the associated rainfall

(e)

(f)

(i) Scientific assessment of forecasts of particular rain-producing systems

(ii) Special observing, modelling and forecasting experiments in a suitable tropical region

(to be decided)

(to be decided)

Studies of interaction between tropical and mid-latitude weather systems

New Zealand Meteorological Service

Tropical limited-area weather prediction modelling Japan and India

(i) Prediction of tropical disturbances and cyclones, their genesis and movement

(ii) Prediction of convective precipitation in the tropics

(iii) Initialization and sensitivity study for the tropics

8. For the implementation of these priority projects, including the development of new projects, the CAS Working Group on Tropical Meteorology will give scientific advice to the Executive council and to the SecretaryGeneral through the president of CAS, as and when necessary.


22 (Cg-IX) - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MONITORING AND RESEARCH PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 21 (Cg-VIII) - WMO activities in the field of environmental pollution monitoring,

(2) Resolution 5 (EC-XXXII) - Report of the third session of the EC Panel of Experts on Environmental Pollution,

(3) Resolution 5 (CAS-VIII) - Working Group on Atmospheric Chemistry and Air pollution,

(4) Report of the eighth session of CIMO (Mexico City, 1981), paragraph 15.3, CIMO Working Group on Environmental pollution,

(5) Resolution 6 (CCAM-VIII) - Rapporteur on Air pollution,

(6) Report of the Session of a Special Character of the Governing Council of UNEP, 1982, Resolution 1,

(7) The ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air pollution,

REAFFIRMS its concern over the physical, economic and social implications to man of environmental deterioration and the need for WMO to promote progress in understanding the _chemistry of the atmosphere and also of media interacting with it and thereby provide new insights into the problem of the protection of the atmospheric, land and oceanic environment)

NOTING with appreciation.

(1) The contributions of Members to the activities of this programme and in particular to BAPMoN,

(2) The assistance received from UNEP and the excellent collaboration with other international agencies (e.g. IAEA, WHO, ECE) ,

CONSI DERING,

(1) The need for WMO to be the leading specialized UN agency dealing with those environmental matters and processes in which the atmosphere plays a major part,

(2) The responsibility resting with WMO to make every effort to predict changes in the atmospheric environment caused by the impact of both nature and man,

(3) That the continued and standardized observation of environmentand climate-related properties of the atmosphere on global and regional scales, and an improved comprehension of the chemical and physical phenomena involved are powerful means of obtaining projections of impending atmospheric qualities,

170 . RESOLUTION 22 CCg-IX)

(4) That WMO's activities in the field of environmental monitoring and research are expected to contribute to the information required by governments for international concerted action towards protection of the Earth I 5 capacity to support life,

RECOGNIZING,

(1) The incomplete implementation of special observational networks to provide background air-pollution, carbon-dioxide and ozone data,

(2) The need to attain a permanent environment- and climate-related standardized monitoring system of adequate global coverage that may be adopted universally,

(3) The desirability of as much uniformity as possible in monitoring procedures,

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General,

(1) To take appropriate steps to implement the programme as far as possible during the ninth financial period within the limits of the regular budget and with additional support which it is hoped will be forthcoming from individual Members and UNEP)

(2) To ensure that the results of monitoring and research activities are published and made available to Members without delay)

(3) To issue a newsletter regularly to keep Members and the interested scientific and technical community informed of the development of this programme,

(4) To make an early decision on the revision of the BAPMoN programme after consideration of the report of the fourth session of the EC panel of Experts on Environmental pollution and to incorporate that decision in the appropriate publications)

REQUESTS that Members which have been providing special central services and facilities for network operations make such valuable support available in the future, and that other competent Members offer special services suitable to improve the standardization of observations and the quality of assessments made therefrom)

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to confer with the Executive Director of UNEP with a view to ensuring the continued substantial and essential support so far accorded to WMO)

URGES all Members.

(1) To contribute actively or continue to contribute to the best of their ability to the Environmental pollution Monitoring and Research programme)


(2) In pursuing their participation in this programme to promote co-operation between qualified national governmental and non-governmental institutions, keeping in mind that the leading role resting with WMO internationally in the field of atmospheric environment- and climate-related monitoring and research should be founded on corresponding collaboration on a national scale,

(3) To report the results of monitoring and related activities in due course and to inform the Secretary-General of problems encountered, assistance needed, proposals to be made, meetings and projects planned, reports published, etc., so that the technical experience and scientific capacity available in WMO can be optimally and economically used to the benefit of all Members.

23 (Cg-IX) - PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 12 (Cg-VII) - Weather Modification Programme,

(2) Resolution 25 (Cg-VIII) - Precipitation Enhancement Project,

(3) Resolution 27 (Cg-VIII) - Weather Modification Programme,

COMMENDS the action taken by the Secretary-General, the Executive Committee and the EC Panel of Experts on Weather Modification/CAS Working Group on Cloud Physics and Weather Modification, the PEP Board, and individual experts in developing the Precipitation Enhancement Project (PEP), and in carrying out the .8i t.e selection proces.s and evaluating. the suitability a£ the site in Spain for carrying out the objectives of PEP,

RECOGNIZES with appreciation the participation of Members in PEP, especially that of Spain, which provided the site and contributed substantial resources for the implementation of the third stage of the Site Selection Phase (SSP-3) of the project,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The progress made in technical capabilities and understanding the physical basis for precipitation enhancement that has taken place since the initiation of PEP,

(2) The remaining potentially valuable analysis of data that should be carried out,

(3) The need to maintain scientific integrity in PEP,


(1) To facilitate the completion of the analysis of SSP-3 data taken in Spain and the evaluation of techniques employed in that analysis)

172 RESOLUTION 24 "Ceg-IX)

(2) To encourage the publication of results in the refereed scientific literature)

(3) To use the experience gained in SSP-3 to explore further options for mounting a demonstration project to reach the objectives of PEP which the Executive Committee adopted at its twenty-eighth session,

URG-ES Members to participate in the activities necessary to develop PEP further by making manpower and resources available.

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:


(2) To continue the collaboration with, and seek possible financial support from, other UN programmes and agencies such as UNEP, UNDP and FAO, and also IFAD,

(3) To seek the collaboration of other interested scientists, particularly through the good offices of IUGG.


24 (Cg-IX) - WEATHER MODIFICATION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 12 (Cg-VII) - Weather Modification programme,

(2) Resolution 27 (Cg-VIII) - Weather Modification Programme,

COMMENDS action taken by the Secretary-General, the Executive Committee and the EC Panel of Experts on Weather Modification/CAS. Working Group on Cloud Physics and Weather Modification for developing the weather modification programme t-

CONSIDERING.

(1) The potential that weather modification might make to help improve water resources and diminish losses dUIa_ to severe weather,

(2) The progress made in technical capabilities and understanding the physical basis for weather modification,


(3) The controversy surrounding weather modification and the continuing need of Members for current information on the science and technology of weather modification in its various forms,

(4) The special needs of developing countries,


(1) To keep under review developments in intentional weather modification in all its forms and unintentional weather modification on the local and mesoscale J

(2) To promote, to the extent practicable, international arrangements to facilitate weather modification programmes as discussed in the annex to this resolution,

(3) To encourage Members wishing to engage in scientifically sound weather modification experiments)

(4) To the extent practicable, to provide guidance, especially as it pertains to the needs of developing countries, on the conduct of weather modification experiments,

URGES Members carrying out weather modification experiments:

(1) To evaluation)

use procedures that permit scientifically acceptable

(2) To report the findings to WMO so that results can be made available to all Members)


(1) To implement this resolution to the extent that means are avail-

(2) To ensure that results are brought promptly to the attention of Members in an informal and economical manner)

(3) To continue the collaboration with, and seek possible financial support from, other UN programmes and agencies such as UNEP, UNDP, FAO, and also IFAD.


INTERNATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS TO FACILITATE l<'EATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMMES

I. An effective framework to facilitate international research and devel-opment in weather modification would:


(a) Optimize the use of resources in developing and testing rationales and techniques of weather modification of potentially broad utility for the world community)

(b) Accelerate the transfer of proven technology,

(c) Facilitate the development of weather modification projects that may be needed along a country's borders)

(d) Help prevent the possible waste of resources in pursuing unsound ideas)

(e) Minimize false suspicions and perceptions among neighbouring countries about the potential impacts of weather modification activities)

(f) Help reduce or settle legal or political grievances that may develop in connexion with weather modification activities.

2. The following activities of the WMO have already contributed towards these objectives and should be continued:

(a) The development of statements reviewing the current status of manls ability to modify weather on the local scale,

(b) The sponsorship of international scientific and technical conferences, workshops, meetings of experts and publication of reports disseminating relev-a_nt knowledge,

(c) The design and carrying out of the initial phases of a demonstration experiment with international participation, i .. -e. PEP,

(d) The encouragement and arrangement of the exchange of talent and resources between countries with similar objectives.

3. Additional possibilities may result by encouraging the future develop-ment of:

(a) A programme of international technical-assistance and training)

(b) Bilateral or multilateral co-operative agreements, perhaps with some role played by WMO to help draft or to consult,

(c) A board to review plans and programmes submitted by one or more countries for evaluation, and

(d) If progress warrants it, an international research consolidated weather- modification projects broadly-based staff of experts.

institute to mount and maintain a

4. Scientific weather modification. experiments need to be encouraged (those which are randomized and can be subjected to statistical and physical tests to verify results) by Member groups with similar interests. Arrangements made through the regional associations of WMO may prove to be helpful in the organization of projects involving Members with similar interests.


5. In order to keep Members informed about weather modification activities elsewhere, WMO should continue to publish its Register of National Weather Modification Activities but at' two-year rather than annual intervals.

6. WMO should actively assist in setting up exchange programmes for scientists I engineers and technicians in the field of weather modification within the framework of the existing Voluntary Co-operation Programme.

7. WMO is encouraged to set aside, within the Education and Training Pro~ gramme I and in collaboration with UNDP I scholarships for the training of specialists in cloud physics and weather modification for Members in need. Periodic training seminars and workshops in association with weather modification projects should be arranged for interested Members.

25 (Cg-IX) - OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME, INCLUDING THE HYDROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL MULTIPURPOSE SUB-PROGRAMME (HOMS)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 26 (Cg-VII) - WMO Operational Hydrology Programme,

(2) Resolution 30 (Cg-VIII) - Hydrological Operational MUltipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS),

(3) Recommendation 2 (CHy-VI) hydrology and water resources,

priorities in WMO activities in

(4) Resolution 8 (EC-XXXII) - Report of the sixth session of the Commission for Hydrology,

(5) Recommendations of the joint WMO/Unesco International Conference on Hydrology and the Scientific Bases for the Rational Management of Water Resources,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That the Operational Hydrology programme (OHP) provides the basis and framework for all scientific and technical aspects of WMO's activities in the field of hydrology and water resources,

(2) The success of HOMS in its first phase and that HOMS within the OHP has proved particularly useful in collating available technology in hydrology and in facilitating its organized transfer to meet the needs of Members in varying stages of development,

.(3) That the need continues for an international framework to provide assistance in the transfer of knowledge and proven methodologies between the Hydrological Services of countries and that such a transfer is ODe of the top priori ties in the Organi-za-tion IS activities,

f16 ,RESOLUTION 25 (Cg"IX)

DECIDES,

(1) To approve the list of priority activities in WMO in hydrology and water resources after 1983, as indicated in the annex, Part A, to this resolution)

(2) To approve the second phase of HOMS, as outlined in the annex I Part B, to this resolution, for the period 1984 to 1991, as a sub-programme of the Operational Hydrology programmeJ

INVITES Members,

(1) To take all possible steps to continue the full implementation of the Operational Hydrology Programme,

(2) To participate in the second phase of HOMS, taking into consideration existing national structures and practices)

REQUESTS the president of CHy.

(1) To prepare a plan for the implementation of the OHP, on the basis of the approved priorities under DECIDES (1), for consideration by CHy-VII,

(2) To initiate action on the implementation of the second phase of HOMS, as a sub-programme wi thin the OHP, in accordance with the outline of activities included in the annex, Part B, to this resolution, and to present a detailed plan of action for adoption by CHy-VII,

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General, as appropriate and within available budgeta~y resources a

(1) To take all necessary action to assist the Commission for Hydrology and the regional bodies concerned in implementing the OHP and the second phase of HaMS, in accordance with DECIDES (1) and (2),

(2) To continue to provide assistance in training projects of Members in the field of hydrology and water resources,

(3) To take all necessary action to assist developing countries to set up training facilities in the field of hYdrology and water resources,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General, within available budgetary resources, to provide effective co-ordination of the implementation of the second phase of HOMS, taking into account the activities of other interested internationalorganizations.



OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME, INCLUDING THE HYDROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL MULTIPURPOSE SUB-PROGRAMME (HOMS)

Part A

PRIORITY ACTIVITIES OF WMO IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES AFTER 1983

I. Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) , including the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS)

Standardization and regulatory activities Institutional co-operation of Hydrological Services Hydrological data-collection systems Design data for water-resource projects Hydrological forecasting Economic benefits of hydrological services and operations Use of meteorological systems for hydrological purposes Hydrological operations in tropical, semi-arid and arid regions Application of space technologies

II. App-lications and services to water resources

III.

Water-resource assessment Hydrological aspects of mitigation of natural hazards Hydrological aspects of rural water supply and food production Hydrological aspects of industrial and urban water supply, energy production, inland navigation and environmental modification of the hydrosphere Hydrological aspects of climate variability Hydrological aspects of weather modification

Co-operation in the water-related programmes of other international organizations

Co-operation with the IHP of Unesco Co-operation with the UN system (UN, UN Economic Commissions I UNDRO, UNEP, FAO, WHO, IAEA) Co-operation with international river basin commissions and non-governmental scientific organizations

177


Notes; 1. The order of the above list of activities does not indicate their relative priorities.

2. The activities under the Operational Hydrolqgy programme will be supported by HOMS and those in the second two groups will be supported by the OHP in general.

3. The development of the activities in the first two groups above will be undertaken, as appropriate, in co-operation with the other water-related programmes of WMO as well as of other international organizations as indicated in the third group.

Part B

OUTLINE OF THE PLAN FOR THE SECOND PHASE OF HOMS 1984-1991

Introduction

1. Resolution 30(Cg-VIII) and the Plan of Action for HOMS adopted by the Commission for Hydrology at its sixth session (1980) required the president of. CHy to prepare a draft plan for the second phase of HOMS for presentation to Ninth Congress. The draft outline of the plan was drawn up with the assistance of the CHy Advisory Working Group and the outline as adopted by Congress is given in the remaining sections of this annex.. The plan has two aspects:l institutional and technical strengthening of HOMS operations and development of the network of HNRCs ~ and technical development of HOMS components and sequences. These two aspects are dealt with separately below.

Institutional and technical strengthening of HaMS operations

2. The first or pilot phase of HOMS has shown that it is effectively meeting a real need of the Hydrological Services of Members, especially developing countries from whom the majority of requests for components originated. Moreover, experience has shown that long-term planning is necessary, particularly at the national level, to establish the necessary logistical mechanisms for the successful transfer of technology. Accordingly, the next phase of HOMS will be of sufficient duration to ensure the full development of the capabilities of HOMS National Reference Centres (HNRCs) and to permit the establishment of new centres by those Members that wish to benefit from the sUb-programme. Thus the planning for the fully operational phase covers the ninth and tenth financial periods (1984 to 1991).

3. The present organization of the network of HOMS National Reference Centres, co-ordinated on an international level together with the CHy structure of working groups and rapporteurs by the CHy Advisory Working Group acting as Steering Committee for HOMS, has proved to be efficient and functional and will therefore be retained. A goal of the next phase will be to extend and strengthen the network of HNRCs and to assist in their development into fully operational technology transfer centres. Members that wish to benefit from HOMS and do not yet have an HNRC will be assisted in establishing


one in the appropriate national agency. The establishment of new HNRCs will be supported by technical co-operation projects I which cannot, however I for formal reasons, become part of this plan for the HOMS operational phase. The provision of management support by the HOMS Office in the HWR Department of the WMO Secretariat has also proved to be an effective way of organizing the sUb-programme at the international level and will thus also be retained.

4. Experience from the pilot phase has shown that it is necessary for the HOMS Office to strengthen its role in assisting the transfer of components between HNRCs, in particular by providing facilities for translating computer software between different computers and by handling administrative formalities in the transfer of components. Such formalities are more easily dealt with by an organization of the UN system, as has previously been demonstrated by the VCP. The services of VCP will be used to the greatest extent possible in the support of technology transfer under HOMS.

Technical development of components and sequences

5. During the initial operation of HOMS most components requested were forI

Methods of observation, data transmission, data processing, data storage and retrieval and primary data processing (43 per cent»)

Secondary data processing and the analysis of data for planning design and operation of water-resource systems (32 per cent),

Hydrological models for forecasting and design (15 per cent).

Thus 75 per cent ef all reques"t-e-a eempenent;-s were r--elat.e-Q -"t-G the Golle-etLan I processing and storage of data and the future development of HOMS should ensure that adequate components and sequences are available in these fields. In some sections of HOMS there is a notable lack of components, a condition which the plan outlined hereunder endeavours to rectify.

6. The principal technical development work of the next phase of HOMS will thus be concerned with the development of sequences, largely using existing components 0 Nevertheless, where gaps in availability of components for certain areas are identified or where new technology becomes available, the appropriate components will be sought from HNRCs. In the development of components and sequences, priority will continue to be given to collection and processing of data from observational networks and their use in hydrological forecasting, the planning of water-resource development and the design of water-resource projects.

7. For the next financial period (1984-1987) the principal objective of the Hydrology and water Resources Programme is to make HOMS fully operational by continuing the development of components and sequences offering, in particular, guidance for users so that all national Services wishing to do so will be able to participate fully in the assessment and management of the water resources of their countries. HOMS is seen as supporting, and being supported by, the following fields of programme activities of CHy and other WMO bodies.


All aspects of data collection, transmission and primary data processing)

Secondary data processing and analysis of data for the planning, design and operation of water-resource systems)

Hydrological forecasting, both for the operation of water-resource systems and for the mitigation of natural hazards,

Standardization and regulatory activities in operational hydrology.

8. Many of these programme activities must necessarily continue into the tenth financial period when HOMS will also build on the results of projects to be decided for implementation by CHy-VII to make the technology thus developed fully available to Members. The following specific activities may be emphasized:

Development of components and sequences to enable the application of modern (satellite and computerized) techniques of data collection, including new types of instruments,

Development of components and sequences giving users guidance in the selection of instruments and equipment.

Implementation

9. The tentative schedule given below will form the basis for the development of HOMS in the operational phase. The president of CHy is requested to prepare a draft of a detailed implementation plan to be presented to CHy-VII, which will be updated and amended as necessary by CHy-VIII. The Advisory Working Group of the commission will continue to act as the Steering Committee for HOMS and reports on the operation of the sub-programme will be submitted to the Executive Council and to Tenth and Eleventh Congress.

The following activities will be emphasized during the periods shown.

Activity

1. Hydrological forecasting

Development of components and sequences related to hydrological forecasting and real-time data acquisition.

2. Improvement of observational networks, data collection, primary data processing and data banks

The experience of the first phase has continuing need for components in this field. will be sought from HNRCs with the assistance projects and WMO/UNDP regional projects.

shown a Input

of field

period of emphasis

1984-1987

1984-1985

3.


Activity

Development of sequences related to hydrological aspects of climate variation and of weather and environmental modification

This work will centre on the development of components and sequences for monitoring changes in the hydrological regime as part of the input to WCP-Water. A meeting of representatives of HNRCs and the use of seconded experts are envisaged. Additional input will be sought from HNRCs.

4. Development of sequences for secondary data treatment

A HOMS workshop on this subject will be held to develop guidance as to sequences and components required which will subsequently be developed by HNRCs and seconded experts.

5. Impact of advanced instrumentation and remote sensing on data collection and processing

New measuring instruments are being introduced into operational practice which use modern micro-electronics to_process the sensor inputs and increasing use is being made of remote sensing. These developments will have a considerable impact on operational procedures and new HOMS components and sequences will be -required to enable the Serv-ices of Membe-r-s to take advantage of these new techniques.

6. Development of comparative instrument listings

Instrument components will be developed consisting of descriptions and specifications of the available instruments for various purposes.

period of emphasis

1984-1985

1986-1989

1988-1991

1984-85

The following activities will also be undertaken throughout the period:

7. Support of WMO standardization activities in operational hydrology

181

(a) Monitoring of components and sequences for conformity with the Technical Regulations and appropriate standards)

(b) Development of standards internal to HOMS to assist in the transfer of components)

(c) Development of standards for interfaces between components.

These activities will be carried out by means of meetings of representatives of HNRCs and the use of seconded experts.


8. Monitoring

The Advisory Working Group of CHy will continue to act as the Steering Committee for HOMS. Reports will be prepared for the Executive Council and for Tenth and Eleventh Congress.

26 (Cg-IX) - APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES TO WATER RESOURCES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII) - Water Resources Development Programme,

(2) Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII) Worl.d Climate Programme,

(3) Resolution 8 (Cg-VIII) - Tropical Cyclone Programme,

(4) Resolution 9 (Cg-VIII) - Typhoon Operational Experiment (TOPEX),

(5) Resolution 18 (Cg-VIII) - WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification,

(6) Recommendations of the joint WMO/Unesco International Conference on Hydrology and the Scientific Bases for the Rational Management of Water Resources, in particular its Recommendation 3,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The importance to Members of the adequate assessment and rational management of their water resources,

(2) The assistance needed by many Members in evaluating their water-resource assessment activities,

(3) That the hazards of droughts, floods, desertification and tropical cyclones pose special problems for the collection, analysis and use of hydrological data,

(4) That hydrological data and services are essential for the provision of drinking water, food and energy,

INVITES Members to. arrange for their Hydrological, Hydrorneteorological and Meteorological Services to continue to co-operate in the implementation of national plans for the assessment of their water resources)

DECIDES that WMO should continue to take the lead, jointly with Unesco, in the follow-up to the UN Water Conference with regard to waterresource assessment)


REQUESTS the Executive Counci 1 and the Secretary-General, as appropriate and within available budgetary resources.

(1) To ensure the implementation of the programme on applications and services to water resources)

(2) To arrange for continued support to be given to the hydrological components and water-related activities of the World Climate Programme and the Tropical Cyclone Programme in accordance with Resolutions 14, 15, 17 and 12 (Cg-IX).

27 (Cg-IX) - CO-OPERATION WITH WATER-RELATED PROGRAMMES OF OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 32 (Cg-VIII) - Water Resources Development Programme,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The continued need for co-ordination of international activities and programmes in hydrology and water resources, so as to enhance their impact at the national level and provide for more economic and rational use of available resources,

(2) The significant ,contribution of WMO in the implementation of the Action Plan of the UN Water Conference I particularly in developing methodologies for water-resource assessment,

WELCOMES the views and recommendations of the joint WMOjUnesco International Conference on Hydrology and the Scientific Bases for the Rational Management of water Resources,

INVITES Members to continue their close co-ordination in the planning and implementation of national inputs to international programmes in the field of hydrology and water resources,

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General, as appropriate and within the available budgetary resources I

(1) To arrange for WMO collaboration in projects of the UN system of organizations and UN Economic Commissions, in particular in the implementation of the Mar del plata Action plan of the UN Water Conference,

(2) To continue WMO co-operation with Unesco in jOintly planning their activities in hydrology, in particular through the convening of a third international conference on hydrology, and to support the IHP of Unesco, as requested and appropriate)

(3) To continue to co-operate with other governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of hydrology and water resources)


(4) To continue to participate actively in the co-ordination of activities of the organizations of the UN system in the field of water-resource assessment, development and related environmental problems)

(5) To arrange for appropriate Secretariat support and to take other action as required in connexion with REQUESTS (1), (2), (3) and (4) above so as to ensure the implementation of WMO's programme of co-operation with the water-related programmes of other international organizations.


28 (Cg-IX) - PROMOTION OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 39 (Cg-VIII) - Promotion of education and training,

(2) Resolution ·20 (EC-XXXIV)· - EC panel of Experts on Education and Training,

(3) The progress achieved and the results obtained by tbe Organization in the performance of the tasks incumbent on- it as regards education and training of personnel in the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology,

CONSIDERING.

(1) The need for furtber expansion of the activities of the Organization in the field of education and training,

(2) That there continues to be a pressing need for highly trained specialists at all levels to plan, direct, organize and carry out the programmes in meteorology and operational hydrology and their related fields essential to the economic and social development of the developing countries, nations and peoples,

(3) That the successful implementation of tbe World Weather Watch, the World Climate Programme (especially its agricultural meteorology compo,.nent) and the other programmes of the Organization, as well as the applications of meteorology and hydrology to economic and social developm.ent, will depend to a large extent upon the effective transfer of knowledge and proven m.ethodologies to operational personnel of national Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services, particularly. in the developing countries, and also on the strengthening of these Services,


DECIDES that the education and training activities of the Organization shall be regarded as a matter of very high priority during the ninth financial period, with special emphasis on the following.

(a) Maintaining a high standard in the technical and scientific training of personnel throughout the world in all the fields of activity of the Organization,

(b) Assisting in national, regional and inter-regional training programmes, wi th particular emphasis on strengthening the existing centres and establishing, as necessary, new regional and national training centres. Assistance would include syllabi, training publications, the provision of fellowships, correspondence courses, roving experts and visiting scientists, and appropriate equipment and materials for training, including post-graduate training)

(c) Undertaking on request studies and surveys and the preparation of reports on the requirements of national Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services in the field of education and training;

(d) providing on request advi-ce and information to Members on various aspects of education and training, including correspondence ·courses and other recent progress in educational methods)

(e) Organizing regional, inter-regional and international seminars (including roving seminars, workshops, courses), symposia and conferences covering various aspects of education and training)

(f) Collaborating with the united Nations, the United Nations specialized agencies and other international organizations in their respective activities which have a bearing directly or indirectly on education and training in meteorology, operational hydrology, and related activities)

(g) Fostering exchanges of opinion and ideas on education and training between Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services and members of the academic community)

INVITES.

(1) The presidents of regional associations to give adequate consideration to the problems related to education and training in the Regions, and to seek solutions in consultation with Members,

(2) The presidents of technical commissions to keep under continuous study and review the education and training problems related to their fields of specialization, including research training,


REQUESTS the Executive Council to study and take appropriate measures for the acceleration and extension of activities aimed at achieving the above objectives,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to support strongly the requests of governments to the united Nations Development Programme and other international bodies in the field of education and training.


29 (Cg-IX) - ANTARCTIC METEOROI.OGY

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 38 (Cg-VIII) - Antarctic meteorology,

(2) Resolution 3 (EC-XXXIV) - Executive Committee Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That there is a continuing need for meteorological data from the Antarctic for the full implementation of the World weather Watch and for the World Climate programme,

(2) That there is a continuing need for co-ordination of meteorological activities in the Antarctic,

INVITES Members which are parties to the Antarctic Treaty and Members having active meteorological programmes in the Antarctic to continue and, if possible, to enlarge their meteorological observing programmes in the Antarctic)

REQUESTS the Executive Council to ensure the continued co-ordination of meteorological activities in the Antarctic:

(a) By maintaining its present Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology with appropriate terms of reference and inviting the participation of experts designated by Members who have not yet acceded to the Antarctic Treaty but have active meteorological programmes in the Antarctic)

NOTE.


(b) By arranging that recommendations on Antarctic meteorology be transmitted to Members which are parties to the Antarctic Treaty for their approval prior to implementation.


30 (Cg-IX) - RECRUITMENT OF FIELD PROJECT PROFESSIONAL STAFF

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 34 (Cg-VIII) Recrui tment of experts to serve in technical co-operation- programmes in which the World Meteorological Organization participates,

(2) The desire of the Governing Council of UNDP to improve the methods and procedures for the recruitment of project professional staff, especially from developing countries,

(3) With appreciation the efforts of many Members in making experts available for WMO technical co-operation activities, thus allowing the Organization to meet for the most part the requirements for expertise in field projects,

(4) That there is an increasing demand in projects for short-term experts in highly specialized fields,

CONSI DERING.

(1) That for the expansion and strengthening of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in developing countries there is and will continue to be a need for expert advice in a wide range of specialized fields,

(2) The need to ensure that the most sui table experts are recruited on a timely basis,

(3) That in some projects it might be more beneficial and cost effective for a national Meteorological or Hydrological Service to provide the required advice and assistance rather than an individually recruited expert,

INVITES Members.

(1) To take appropriate steps to facilitate and encourage the availability of experts to serve in the WMO technical co-operation programme)

(2) To ensure that vacancy notices adequate distribution wi thin their countries, research or other institutions where expertise exists,

for expert posts are given particularly to academic and in meteorology and hydrology



(1) To circulate, when possible and well in advance, notices of vacancies for expert posts to all Members)

(2) To continue to make every effort to have experts recruited in a timely manner and to ensure that the most suitable experts are assigned to field projects J

(3) To explore, as a possible alternative to individually recruited experts, arrangements for the provision of advice and assistance from one Meteorological or Hydrological Service to another wi thin UNDP-financed projects)

NOTING FURTHER,

(1) That the use on a limited scale of associate experts and UN Volunteers in WMO projects has proved successful,

(2) That the use of national experts is being encouraged by UNDP as an alternative to international experts where possible and appropriate,

UHGES all Members who are in the position to do so to make associate experts available to WMO to serve in technical co-operation)

ENCOURAGES the use of national experts and UN Volunteers in field projects, when possible and applicable, as a less costly alternative to international expertise)

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to take this resolution into account in the preparation and planning of technical co-operation projects.


31 (Cg-IX) - PARTICIPATION OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION IN THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Resolution 35 (Cg-VIII) - participation of the World Meteorological Organization in the United Nations Development Programme,

(2) With satisfaction that, since Eighth congress, it had been possible with UNDP resources to provide much valuable assistance for the promotion and development of meteorological and hydrological activities and that the volume of UNDP/WMO assistance had increased significantly in monetary terms each year up until 1981,


(3) Wi th concern the alarming decline in the rate of growth of contributions to UNDP and the repercussions this may have on resources available for WMO technical co-operation activities,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That it is indispensable for all countries to have national Meteorological and Hydrological Services which are able to contribute effectively to social and economic activities,

(2) That many developing countries are still in need of assistance to develop their Meteorological and Hydrological Services in order that they may respond effectively to the numerous socia-economic development needs,

REAFFIRMS the importance of UNDP' s role in funding and co-ordinating technical co-operation in the United Nations system and in financing technical assistance in the fields of meteorology and hydrology in developing countries,

DECIDES.

(1) That the World Meteorological organization should continue to participate in the United Nations Development Programme,

(2) That the Executive council should continue to supervise the arrangements for such participation in so far as these arrangements are dependent upon decisions of the World Meteorological Organization,..

CONSIDERING FURTHER,

(1) That the smaller organizations of the UN system, including WMO, which have no country offices can often play only a minor role in the formulation of the UNDP country programmes,

(2) The importance of allocating resources to assist developing countries to participate in, contribute to, and therefore benefit from WMO programmes, which are established to meet regional and world-wide needs rather than those of individual countries,

(3) That the limited UNDP-financed sectoral support, although very useful and greatly appreciated, does not completely satisfy the requirements for technical advice nor ensure that full account is taken of WMO programmes and priorities at the stage of country programme and individual project preparation,


(1) To emphasize to the appropriate United Nations bodies and particularly to the Administrator of UNDP the relevance of meteorology and hydrology in economic development and the fact that these activities should therefore have an adequate share of the total UNDP assistance, especially under its inter-country programmesJ


(2) To convey to the Administrator of UNDP its appreciation for the resources made available for sectoral support and the importance it attaches to WMO being able to play its full part in the country and inter-country programming process)

(3) To obtain information from Permanent Representatives on requirements for technical assistance needed to strengthen meteorological and hydrological facilities, assist them in preparing project documents requesting technical assistance and make specific proposals to UNDP Resident Representatives for projects to satisfy these requirements)

(4) To keep the Permanent Representatives informed of changes in the UNDP procedures and the schedule of country programming in their respective countries,

URGES Members to continue to propose the inclusion of projects in the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology in the UNDP country programmes, and to give priority in inter-country projects to the implementation of I'IMO programmes including training.


32 (Cg-IX) - THE WMO VOLUNTARY CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(l) That, in accordance with the directives contained in Resolution 37 (Cg-VIII), the I'IMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme (VCP) has functioned in the eighth financial period in a highly satisfactory manner,

(2) That this programme must be considered to be a major element in the implementation of the World Weather Watch and the provision of fellowships,

(3) That additional support is needed for the Agricultural Meteorology Programme, as well as for the World Climate Programme with emphasis on the applications component of the latter,

(4) That this programme is an appropriate mechanism for the promotion and support of technical co-operation among developing countries,

(S) That each year, on an average, contributions received into the fund VCP(F) amount to US $350 000 and contributions received in equipment and services under VCP(ES) to US $5 million,

CmlMENDS the Executive Committee and the Members concerned on the continued success of this programme)


CONSIDERING the continued need for support in the ninth financial period for the implementation of the World Weather Watch Programme, the application of the WWW in the field of hydrology and for fellowships to be organized within the framework of the WMO Education and Training Programme,

DECIDES.

(1) That the WMO voluntary Co-operation programme shall be continued in the ninth financial period!

(2) That the fields of co-operation covered by the VCP shall include.

(a) The implementation of WWW as first priority!

(b) The granting of long-term and short-term fellowships!

(c) The support of short-term training seminars for personnel engaged in the www and other activities covered under VCP,

(d) The support of agrom~teorological activities!

(e) The application of WWW in the field of hydrology!

(f) The establishment of observing and data-processing facilities necessary for the World Climate Programme,

(g) The support of the activities within the World Climate Applications Programme related to food, energy and water,

(3) That the Voluntary Co-operation programme in the ninth financial period shall follow the same general procedures as during the eighth financial period!

AUTHORIZES the Executive Council to establish detailed rules and procedures for the operation of the programme on lines similar to those established under Resolution 11 (EC-XXXII) - Rules of the WMO voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP) , but bearing in mind the decisions of Ninth Congress!

URGES Members of the Organization to contribute to the possible extent to the programme during the ninth financial period financial form and in equipment and services, including fellowships)


maximum both in

(1) To continue to administer the Voluntary Co-operation programme during the ninth financial period,


(2) To report to Tenth Congress on the assistance rendered during the ninth financial period, in addition to the annual report on the Voluntary Co-operation Programme distributed to Members.

NOTE, This resolution replaces Resolution 37 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer in force.

33 (Cg-IX) - PUBLICATIONS PROGRAMME FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 40 (Cg-VIII) - publications programme for the eighth financial period,

(2) That the production and distribution of publications constitutes one of the most important activities of the Organization, and that as a matter. of general policy high priority shall be given to the publications programme,

(3) That the publications of the Organization generally fall into two broad categories I

(a) Mandatory publications, i.e., those which are defined by the Convention, the General Regulations or by specific decisions of congress,

(b) programme-supporting publications, such as WMO Technical Notes, WWW Planning Reports, Operational Hydrology Reports, Marine Science Affairs Reports, Special Environmental Reports I the WMO blue Training Series, which are produced using funds assigned for this purpose within the regular budget and revenue from sales of publications,

DECIDES,

(1) That the mandatory publications of WMO and the languages in which these publications shall be issued are as shown in the annex to this resolution)

(2) That the production of the programme-supporting publications should be reviewed regularly by the Executive Council)

(3) That the presentation and method of reproduction of the publications and the most economic management of the available publication funds including the revenue from sales of publications shall be the responsibility of the Secretary-General wi thin the framework established by Congress and taking into account instructions given by the Executive Council,


REQUESTS the Executive Council to review regularly the requirements for publications taking into account the current funds and facilities available,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist in these sessions of the Executive Council with information facilities, sales potential and any possible limitations.

reviews by providing on available funds,



PROGRAMME AND LANGUAGES OF WMO MANDATORY PUBLICATIONS

FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

PUblication

1. Basic documents

(a) Basic documents, WMO-No. 15

)

Languages

English, French, Russian, Spanish (Convention and General Regulations in Arabic and Chinese)

(b) Agreements and working arrangements with other international organizations, WMO-No. 60

) E-nSlish, F±ene-h, Russi-a-n, Spanish )

(c) Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49

(d) Annexes to the Technical Regulations.

)

(i) International cloud atlas,) English, French volume I, WMO-No. 407 )

(ii) Manual on codes, ) volume I, WMO-No. 306 )

)

(iii) Manual on the Global ) Telecommunication System, ) English, French, Russian, Spanish volume I, WMO-No. 386 )

)

(iv) Manual on the Global ) Data-processing System, ) volume I, WMO-No. 485 )


Publication Languages

(v) Manual on tne Global ) Observing System, ) Volume I, WMO-No. 544 )

) English, French, Russian, Spanish (vi) Manual on marine meteoro- )

logical services I )

WMO-No. 558 )

2. Operational publications

(a) WMO publication No. 2 Bilingual. English-French

(b) WMO Publication No. 5 Bilingual, English-French

(c) WMO publication NO. 9

(i) Volume A Bilingual: English-French

(ii) Volume B English*

(iii) Volume C Bilingual, English-French

(iv) Volume D

(d) International list of selected, English, French supplementary and auxiliary ships, WMO-No. 47

(e) Catalogue of published meteorological data

(f) Compendium of training facilities, WMO-No. 240

3. Official records

(a) Abridged report of Congress with resolutions

(b) Proceedings of Congress

(c) Abridged reports of the Executive Council with resolutions

English, French

English, French

English, French, Russian, Spanish

English, French

)

) English, French, Russian, Spanish )

(d) Reports of sessions of regional Should be issued in the same associations languages as the documentation

prepared for the session

*Expanded introductory and explanatory text in four official languages.


publication

(e) Reports of sessions of technical commissions

4. WMO guides

5. Annual reports of the WMO

6. WMO Bulletin

34 (Cg-IX) - WMO LONG-TERM PLAN

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

Languages





195

(1) Article 8 (a) of the WMO Convention, which specifies one of the primary duties of Congress as being, "To determine general policies for the fulfilment of the purposes of the Organization as set forth in Article 2",

(2) The development by the Executive Committee, through its Scientific and Technical Advisory coromi ttee, of a first draft Long-term Plan for the period 1984-1993,

CONSIDERING.

(1) That the annual and four-yearly programme and budget proposals

constitute the short- and medium-range plans of the Organization,

(2) That there is a need for a longer lead time in planning the main directions of the scientific and technical work of the Organization in ordera

(a) To provide long-term guidance to the Executive Council, the regional associations, the technical commissions and the Secretariat,

(b) To help Members in the development and planning of their meteorological and operational hydrological services, and

(c) To serve as guidance for world-wide or regional co-operative programmes,

DECIDES.

(1) That long-term planning should be introduced into the WMO system,

(2) That Long-term Plans (LTPs) should cover a period of ten years but be replaced at four-yearly intervals,


(3) That such plans should comprise two parts.

(a) Part I - OVerall policy guidance and strategy including the scientific and technical objectives of the Organization) and

(b) Part II - More detailed plans for the individual scientific and technical programmes of the Organization to achieve the objectives given in Part I,

ADOPTS Part I of the LTP as the overall policy guidance and strategy for the period 1984-1993,


(1) To establish appropriate machinery, _ possibly a scientific and technical committee with responsibility for,

(a) The preparation of future Long-term plans,

(b) The further development during the coming financial period of part II of the Long-term Plan, based· on the scientific and technical bbjecti ves contained in part I, with a clear indication of the priori ties, and with due attention to the establishment of concrete forms for co-operative arrangements and mechanisms to ensure the necessary data coverage over oceanic and other extra-territorial areas)

(2) To submit a two-part Long-term Plan for the period 1988-1997 to Tenth Congress for approval,


(1) To arrange for the publication and distribution to all Members of the full text of part I of the Long-term plan as amended by Congress,

(2) To arrange for the preparation and printing, in booklet form, of a shorter version of Part I which should be designed to explain to governments the value and importance of various meteorological and hydrological services and to provide governments with a perspective of the necessary longer-term plans for international action in these fields.

35 (Cg-IX) - MAXIMUM EXPENDITURES FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Article 23 of the convention of the World Meteorological Organization I

(2) Article 4 of the Financial Regulations of the Organization,


AUTHORIZES the Executive council during the ninth financial period from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1987.

(1) To incur expenditures of seventy-seven million five hundred and sixteen thousand four hundred United States dollars (US $77 516 400), the division of such expenditures into parts being shown in the annex to this resolution)

(2) To incur necessary expenditures resulting from any increases in Secretariat staff salaries and allowances, as from 1 May 1983, consequent to changes in the united Nations salaries and allowances, such expenditures being additional to the surn referred to in paragraph (1), only if the Executive Council is satisfied that they cannot reasonably be met by economies within the approved budget)

(3) To incur any necessary expenditures resulting from changes in currency exchange rates, as from 1 May 1983, not covered by the provision of paragraph (2) above, and not exceeding an amount of US $500 000, only if the Executive Council is satisfied that they cannot reasonably be met by economies within the approved budget)

(4) To incur any necessary expenditures to meet unforeseen programme acti vi ties of an urgent character, additional to those covered by paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), but not exceeding a surn of five hundred thousand United States dollars (US $500 000) in total, which may be agreed by Members)

REQUESTS the Executive Council to take such action as may be necessary to ensure that, if there is any beneficial change in any of the factors mentioned in paragraphs (2) and (3) above, there will be an appropriate reduction in the maximum expenditures of the Organization as expressed in US dollars)

DELEGATES to the Executive Council the authority to approve annual expenditures within these limits.

*

* *



MAXIMUM EXPENDITURES FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

(in thousands of US dollars)

REVENUE

contributions2 77 516.4

Total 77 516.4 ========~=

EXPENDITURESl

1. Policy-making organs

2. Executive management

3. Scientific and technical programmes

3.0 OVerall co-ordination

3.1 World Weather Watch

3.2 World Climate programme3

3.3 Research and development

3.4 Hydrology and water resources

3.5 Education and training

3.6 Regional programme

Total Part 3

4 Technical co-operation activities

5. programme-supporting activities

6. Administration

7. Other budgetary provisions

Total

2 501.3

3 982.0

916.5

11 085.6

9 198.6

4 851.6

3 608.8

5 945.2

5 252.6

40 858.9

869.9

14 785.7

12 504.7

2 013.9

77 516.4 ==~~=======

NOTES. 1 These amounts are prevailing on 1 May US dollar 1. 0 a

based on salaries and cost-af-living indices 1983, and exchange rate of Swiss francs 2.08 =

2 Less miscellaneous income as per Financial Regulations 3 In addition, ICSU is expected to contribute US $800 000 to the joint

fund


36 (Cg-IX) - ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FINANCIAL REGULATIONS OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) That Article 8 (d) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization authorizes Congress to determine regulations prescribing the procedures of the various bodies of the Organization and, in particular I the Financial Regulations,

(2) The decisions taken by previous Congresses, in establishing Financial Regulations,

CONSIDERING that certain articles of the Financial Regulations require amendment,

DECIDES that the Financial Regulations as set out in the annex to this resolution shall apply to the ninth financial period, commencing on 1 January 1984.

NOTE. This resolution replaces Resolution 43 (Cg-VIII ), which remains in force only until 31 December 1983.


FINANCIAL REGULATIONS

OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

ARTICLE 1

Applicabili ty

1.1 These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of

2.1

the World Meteorological Organization (hereinafter called the Organization). They may be amended only by Congress. In the event of any conflict between any provisions of these Regulations and any provisions of the Convention, the Convention shall prevail~

ARTICLE 2

The financial period

The financial period shall be four years be-ginning on 1 January of the calendar year immediately following a session of Congress and ending on 31 December of the fourth year.


2.2 Nevertheless, in the event that a session of Congress is

3.1

completed before the beginning of the last full year of a financial period, a new financial period shall begin on 1 January following that session of congress.

ARTICLE 3

Maximum expenditures for the financial period

Estimates of maximum expenditures which may be incurred Organization in the financial period shall be prepared Secretary-General.

by by

the the

3 .. 2 The estimates shall cover the income and expenditures for the financial period to which they relate and shall be presented in United States dollars.

3.3 The estimates shall be divided into parts, sections, chapters and

3.4

articles and shall be accompanied by such informational annexes and explanatory statements as may be requested by, or on behalf of, Congress, and such further annexes or statements as the secretaryGeneral may deem necessary and useful.

The estimates shall be submitted to the Executive Council at least five weeks prior to the meeting at which they will be con-sidered. The Executive Council shall examine them and prepare a report on them to congress ..

3.5 The estimates prepared l:)y the Secretary-General shall be trans-mitted to all Members at least six months prior to the opening of Congress. The report of- the Executive Council on the estimates shall be transmitted with the estimates or as soon as possible thereafter, but not later t~an three months before the. beginning of the session of Congress.

3.6 The maximum expenditures for the following financial period shall be voted by Congress after consideration of the estimates and of any supplementary estimates prepared by the Secretary-General and of the reports of the Executive Council on them.

3.7 Supplementary estimates for the financial period may be submitted to the Executive Council by the Secretary-General during the interval between the submission of the estimates to the Executive Council and the opening of Congress.

3.8 The Secretary-General shall prepare each supplementary estimate in a form consistent with the applicable portion of the estimates for the financial period.

3.9 When time permits, the Executive Council shall examine the supplementary estimates and prepare a report thereon to Congress ') otherwise they shall be left for consideration by Congress.

RESOl,UTlON 36 (Cg-IX) 201

ARTICLE 4

Authorization of appropriations for the financial period

4.1 The maximum expenditures voted by Congress shall constitute an authorization to the Executive council to approve appropriations for each financial year of the financial period. The total appropriations shall not exceed the amount voted by Congress.

4.2 Transfers between appropriation parts may be authorized by the

5.1

6.1

Executive Council, subject to the total amount of such transfers not exceeding 3 (three) per cent of the total maximum expenditure authorized for the financial period.

ARTICLE 5

The financial year

The financial year shall be the period 1 January to 31 December.

ARTICLE 6

The annual budget

The annual budget estimates shall be prepared by the SecretaryGeneral ..

6.2 The estimates shall cover income and expenditure for the financial year to which they relate and shall be presented in united States dollars.

6.3 The annual budget estimates shall be divided into parts, sections, chapters and articles and shall be accompanied by such informational annexes and explanatory statements as may be requested by, or on behalf of, the Executive Council, and such further annexes or statements as the Secretary-General may deem necessary and useful.

6.4 The Secretary-General shall submit to the regular meeting of the

6.5

6.6

Executive Council estimates for the following financial year.. The estimates shall be transmitted to all members of the Executive Council at least five weeks prior to the opening of the regular session of the Executive Council ..

The budget for the following financial year shall be approved by the Executive Council.

Supplementary estimates may be submitted by the Secretary-General whenever necessary.

6.7 The Secretary-General shall prepare these supplementary estimates in the same form as that of the applicable portions of the estimates for the financial year and shall submit such estimates to the Executive council for approval.


ARTICLE 7

Appropriations

7.1 The appropriations approved by the Executive Council shall constitute an authorization to the Secretary-General to incur obligations and make payments for the purposes for which the appropriations were approved and up to the amounts so approved.

7.2 Appropriations shall be available for the obligation during the financial year to which they relate.

7.3 Appropriations shall remain available for twelve months following the end of the financial year to which they relate to the extent that they are required to discharge obligations in respect of goods supplied and services rendered in that financial year and to liquidate any other outstanding legal obligation of that year. The balance of the appropriations shall be surrendered.

7.4 At the end of the twelve-month period provided in Regulation 7.3 above, the then remaining balance of any appropriations retained shall· be surrendered. If the financial year is the last year of a financial period, any obligation of the financial period which remains a valid charge shall then be transferred as an obligation against current appropriations.

7.5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7.3 and 7.4 in the case of outstanding legal obligations in respect of fellowships, the portion of the appropriation required shall remain available until the fellowships are completed or otherwise terminated. At the time of the termination of the fellowship, any remaining balance shall be retained in the General Fund for the sole purpose of financing further longterm and short-term fellowships.

7.6 Amounts surrendered in accordance with Regulations 7.3 and 7.4 shall be transferred to the credit of the General Fund and shall be retained for the purposes approved by Congress for the financial period, except that amounts so surrendered for the last financial year of the financial period shall be credited, on the basis of the scale of assessments for the completed financial period, to the Members of the Organization as foilowsl

(a) For Members who have paid in full their previous contributions, by deduction from the next assessment,

(b) For Members who have paid in full their contributions in respect of all previous financial periods, but who have not paid in full their contributions in respect of the period which relates to the surplus to be distributed, by reduction of their arrears, and thereafter by deduction from the next assessment)


(e) For Members who are in arrears for more than the financial period concerning the one which relates to the surplus to be distributed, their share of the surplus will be retained by the World Meteorological Organization in a special account and will be paid when the provisions of Article 7.6(a) or (b) are met.

7.7 A transfer between annual appropriation sections may be made by the Secretary-General subject to confirmation by the Executive Council.

ARTICLE 8

Provision of funds

Assessments

8.1 Appropriations shall be financed by contributions from Members of the Organization according to the scale of assessments determined by Congress I such contributions to be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 8.2. Pending the receipt of such contributions the appropriations may be financed from the Working Capital Fund.

8.2 For each financial year, the contributions of Member States shall be assessed on the basis of the appropriations approved by the Executive Council, except that adjustments shall be made to the assessments in respect ofa

(a) Supplementary appropriations for which contributions have not previously been assessed on Member States)

(b) One quarter of the estimated miscellaneous income for the fouryear financial period for which credit has not previously been taken into account, and any adjustments in estimated miscellaneous income previously taken into account;

(c) Contributions resulting from the assessment of new Members of the Organization under the provision of Financial Regulation 8.10,

(d) Any balance of the appropriations surrendered under Financial Regulations 7.3 and 7.4.

8.3 After the Executive Council has approved the annual budget and determined the amount needed for the Working Capital Fund, the Secretary-General shall:

(a) Transmit the relevant documents to the Members of the Organization;

(b) Inform the Members of their commitments in respect of annual contributions and advances to the Working Capital FUnd,

(c) Request them to remit their contributions and advances.


8.4 Contributions and advances shall be considered as due and payable in full within thirty days of the receipt of the communication of the Secretary-General referred to in Regulation 8.3 above I or as of the first day of the financial year to "lhich they relate, whichever is the later. As of 1 January of the following financial year I the unpaid balance of such contributions and advances shall be considered to be one year in arrears.

8.5 Annual contributions and advances to the Working Capital Fund of the Organization shall be assessed and paid in United States dollars.

8.6 Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 8.5, the Executive Council is empowered to fix a percentage each year, up to which Members who so desire may make payment in other specified currencies. In deciding this percentage, and specifying the currencies, the Executive Council shall be guided by the estimate of the Secretary-General of the probable needs of the Organization for these other currencies. The exchange rate applicable to these payments in establishing their equivalent in the currency of the State in which the Organization has its headquarters shall be the official United Nations rate of exchange in force on the date of credit to the WMO. bank account.

8.7 payments made by a Member of the Organization shall be credited first to the Wor.king Capital FUnd, then applied in chronological order to the reduction of the contributions which are due in accordance with the scale of assessments.

8.8 Notwi thstanding the provisions of Regulation 8.7, amounts

8.9

8.10

received in respect of the current year's contribution will be credited to that year providing that the full yearly instalment due under the terms of special arrangements as established by congress concerning the repayment of long-outstanding contributions has been paid to the Organization. These special arrangements may be concluded with any Member being in arrears for more than four financial years on the date of entry into force of such arrangements.

The Secretary-General shall submit Executive Council a report on the advances to the Working Capital Fund.

Contributions from new Member States

to the regular meeting of collection of contributions

the and

New Members of the Organization shall be required to make a con~

tribution for the unexpired portion of the financial year in which they become Members and to provide their proportion of the total advances to the Working Capital Fund at rates to be determined provisionally by the Executive Council, subject to subsequent approval by Congress.

8.11


contributions from Member States withdrawing from the Organization

A Member withdrawing from the Organization shall make its contribution for the period from the beginning of the financial year in which it withdraws up to and including the date of its withdrawal and shall be entitled only to the amount standing to its credit in the Working Capital Fund, less any sum due from that Member of the Organization.

ARTICLE 9

Funds

9.1 There shall be established a General Fund for the purpose of

9.2

accounting for the expenditures of the organization. The contributions paid by the Members of the Organization under Regulation 8.1, miscellaneous income, and any advances made from the Working Capital Fund to finance general expenditures shall be credited to the General Fund.

Working Capital Fund

There shall be established a Working Capital Fund to an amount fixed by Congress and for purposes to be determined from time to time by the Executive Council. The moneys of the Working Capital Fund shall be advanced by the Members of the Organization. These advances shall be calculated by the Executive council in accordance with the scale of ass_essments for the apportionment of the expenses of the Organization, and shall be carried to the credit of those Members which have made such advances.

9.3 Advances made from the Working Capital Fund to finance appropria-tions during a financial year shall be reimbursed to the Fund as soon as and to the extent that income is available for that purpose.

9.4 Except when such advances are recoverable from some other source, advances made from the Working Capital Fund for unforeseen and extraordinary expenses or other authorized purposes shall be reimbursed through the submission of supplementary estimateso

9.5 Income derived from investments of the Working Capital Fund shall be credited to miscellaneous income.

9.6 Trust funds, reServe and special accounts may be established by the Secretary-General and shall be reported to the Executive council.

9.7 The purpose and limits of each trust fund, reserve and special account shall be clearly defined by the Executive council. unless otherwise provided by the Congress, such funds and accounts shall be administered in accordance with the present Financial Regulations.

206 RESOLU~lON 36 (Cg-IX)

9.8 Income derived from investments of trust funds, reserve and special accounts shall be credited as provided in the provisions applicable to such funds or accounts. In the absence of any such provision, Financial Regulation 10.1 shall apply.

lHlTICLE 10

Other income

10.1 ~ll other income, except.

10.2

10.3

10.4

11.1

(a) contributions to the budgetl

(b) Direct refunds of expenditures made during the financial year,

(c) Advances or deposits to funds and accounts)

shall be classed as miscellaneous income, Fund, unless otherwise specified in Regulation 9.8.

for credit to the General accordance with Financial

Voluntary contributions, gifts or donations

Voluntary contributions, whether or not in cash, may be accepted by the Secretary-General, provided that the purposes for which the contributions are made are consistent with the policies, aims and activities of the Organization and provided that the acceptance of such contributions which directly or indirectly involve additional financial liability for the Organization shall require the consent of Congress or, in case of urgency, of the Executive Council.

Moneys treated as Regulations

accepted for purposes specified by the trust funds or special accounts

9.6 and 9.7.

donor under

shall be Financial

Moneys accepted in respect of which no purpose is specified shall be treated as miscellaneous income and shall lJe reported as IIgifts" in the annual accounts.

ARTICLE lJ

Custody of funds

The Secretary-General shall designate the bank Or banks in which the funds of the Organization shall be kept.

12.1

12.2


ARTICLE 12

Investment of funds

The Secretary-General may make short-term investments of moneys not needed for immediate requirements and shall inform the Executive Council periodically of the investments thus made.

The Secretary-General may make long-term investments of moneys standing to the credit of trust funds, reserve and special accounts, except as may be otherwise provided by the appropriate authority in respect of each such fund or account and having regard to the particular requirements as to the liquidity of funds in each case.

ARTICLE l3

Internal control

13.1 The Secretary-General shall.

13.2

(a) Establish detailed financial procedures in order to ensure effective financial administration and the exercise of economy,

(b) Cause all payments to be made on the basis of supporting vouchers and other documents which ensure that the services or goods have been received, and that payments have not previously been made,

(c) Designate the officers who may receive moneys, incur obligations and make payments on behalf of the Organizationl

(d) Maintain an internal financial control which shall provide for an effective current examination and/or review of financial transactions in order to ensure;

( a)

(i)

(E)

The regularity of the receipt, custody and disposal of all funds and other financial resources of the Organization,

The conformity of obligations and expenditures with the appropriations or other financial provisions voted by Congress or approved by the Executive Council, or with the purposes and rules relating to trust funds and special accounts ,.

(iii) The economic use of tbe resources of tbe Organization.

In addition to payments authorized under clause (b) below, notwi thstanding Financial Regulation 13.1 (b) above, Secretary-General may, when he deems it in the interest of Organization so to do, authorize progress payments,

and the the


13.3

13.4

13.5

13.6

14.1

(b) Except where normal commercial practice in the interest of the Organization so requires, no contract or purchase order shall be made on behalf of the Organization which requires a payment in advance of the delivery of goods or performance of contractual services.

No obligations shall be incurred until appropriate authorizations have been made in authority of the Secretary-General.

Ex gratia payments

allotments writing

or under

other the

The Secretary-General may with the approval of the President make such ex gratia payments as he deems to be necessary in the interest of the Organization, provided that a statement of such payments shall be submitted to the Executive Council with the annual accounts.

Writing off of losses or defic~enQ~e~

The Secretary-General may,. after full investigation, authorize the writing off of losses 'of dash,·- stores and other assets, except unpaid contributions, provided that a statement of all such amounts written off shall be submitted to the External Auditor with the annual accounts.

Contracts and purchases

Tenders for. equipment, supplies, and other requirements shall be invi ted by advertisement, except where the Secretary-General" deems that, in the interests of the Organization, a departure from the rule is desirable.

ARTICLE 14

The accounts

The Secretary-General shall submit accounts for each financial year. In addition he shall maintain, f,or management purposes, such accounting records as are necessary and shall submit annual accounts showing for the financial year to which they relate.

(a) The income and expenditures of all funds)

(b) The status of appropriations, including.

(i) The original budget appropriations)

(ii) The appropriations as modified by any transfers)

(iii) Credits, if any, other than the appropriations approved by the Executive Council)

14.2

14.3

14.4

14.5

15.1

15.2

15.3


(iv) The amounts charged against those appropriations and/or other credits,.

(c) The assets and liabilities of the Organization.

He shall also give such information as may be appropriate to indicate the current financial position of the Organization.

The annual accounts of the Organization shall be presented in united States dollars. The accounting records shall, however, be kept in the currency of the State in which the Organization has its headquarters. Subsidiary records may be kept in other currencies as necessary. Accounting records may, however, be kept in such currency or currencies as the Secretary-General may deem necessary.

Appropriate separate accounts shall be maintained for all trust funds, reserve and special accounts.

The annual accounts shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to the External Auditor not later than 31 March following the end of the financial year.

Not later than thirteen months after the ending of a financial period, the Secretary-General shall submit to the External Auditor an account of the total expenditures made in respect of that financial period.

ARTICLE 15

External audit

Appointment

An External Auditor, who shall be the Auditor-General (or officer holding the equivalent title) of a Member State, shall be appointed in the manner and for the period decided by the Executive Council.

Tenure of office

If the External Auditor ceases to hold that office in his own country, his tenure of office as External Auditor shall thereupon be terminated and he shall be succeeded as External Auditor by his successor as Auditor-General. The External Auditor may not otherwise be removed during his tenure of office except by the Executive Council.

Scope of audit

The audit shall be conducted in conforwity with generally accepted common auditing standards and, subject to any special directions of the Executive Council, in accordance with the additional terms of reference set out in the annex to these Regulations.

210

15.4

15.5

15.6

15.7

15.8

15.9

15.10

15.11

16.1


The External Auditor may make observations with respect to efficiency of the financial procedures I the accounting system, internal financial controls and, in general, the administration management of the Organization.

the the and

The External Auditor shall be completely independent and solely responsible for the conduct of the audit.

The Executive Council may request the External Auditor to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results.

Facilities

The Secretary-General shall provide the External Auditor with the facilities he may require in the performance of the audit.

For the purpose of making a local or special examination or of effecting economies of audit cost, the External Auditor may engage the services of any national Auditor-General (or equivalent title) or commercial public auditors of known repute or any other person or firm who, in the opinion of the External Auditor, is technically qualified.

Reporting

The External Auditor shall issue reports on the audit of the financial statements and relevant schedules reflecting the position of the final accounts for each financial year and for the financial period, which shall include such information as he deems necessary in regard to matters referred to in Financial Regulation 15.4 and in the Additional Terms of Reference.

The External Auditor's reports shall be transmitted, together with the relevant audited financial statements, to the Executive Council, which shall examine them in accordance with any directions given by congress.

The financial statement for the financial year and the accounts for the financial period, together with the External Auditor's certificates, shall be transmitted to the Members of the .organization by the Secretary-General.

ARTICLE 16

Decisions involving expenditures

No Regional Association, Technical commission or other competent· body shall take a decision involving either an administrative change in a programme approved by Congress. or the Executive Council, or the possible requirement of expenditure, unless it has received and taken account of a report from the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial implications of the proposal. Where, in the opinion of

17.1

17.2

17.3

17.4

17.5


from the

the Secretary-General, the proposed expenditure cannot be made the existing appropriations, it shall not be incurred until Executive council has made the necessary appropriations, unless Secretary-General certifies that provision can be made under conditions of the resolution of the Executive Council relating unforeseen expenditure.

the the

to

ARTICLE 17

General provisions

In case of urgency and with the approval of the president of the Organization, the Secretary-General shall refer to Members, for decision by correspondence I financial matters which are beyond the competence of the Executive Council.

The applications of any of the present Regulations may be suspended for a period which shall not extend beyond the next session of Congress if the Executive Council has decided that the matter under consideration is of such a character that a decision should be taken before the next Congress. In such circumstances, the proposal of the Executive -council for such a suspension shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to all Members for consultation and subsequently for a postal ballot according to the procedures for voting by correspondence in the General Regulations.

In the application of and in the application of shall be put into force, against which have reached date of dispatch of the affirmative. The decisions

Article 17.1 the proposal shall be adopted, Article 17.2 the suspension of Regulations if two-thirds of the votes cast for and the Se-cretaria-t. wi chin -nine'ty -Elays -0-f the request to vote to Members are in the shall be communicated to all Members.

In case of doubt as to the interpretation or application of any of these Financial Regulations, the Secretary-General is authorized to rule thereon, subject to confirmation by the President in important cases ..

The present Financial Regulations do not apply to the field projects of the technical co-operation activities of the Organization financed by the United Nations Development Programme, the Secretary-General is authorized to administer those activities under Financial Regulations and Rules established by the governing body and the Administrator of the United Nations Development programme •

•

• •


ANN E X

ADDITIONAL TERMS OF REFERENCE GOVERNING

EXTERNAL AUDIT

(1) The External Auditor shall perform such audit of the accounts of the Organization, including all trust funds and special accounts, as he deems necessary in order to satisfy himself:

(a) That the financial statements are in accord with the books and records of the Organization)

(b) That the transactions reflected in the statements have been in accordance with the rules and regulations, the budgetary provisions and other applicable directives)

(c) That the securities and moneys on deposit and on hand have been verified by certificate received direct from the Drganization's_ depositaries or by actual count,

(d) That the internal controls are adequate in the light of the extent of reliance placed thereon)

(e) That procedures satisfactory to the External Auditor have been applied to the recording" of all assets, liabilities, surpluses and deficits.

(2) The External Auditor shall be the sole judge as to the acceptance in whole or in part of certifications and representations by the SecretaryGeneral and may proceed to such detailed examinations and verification as he chooses of all financial records, including those relating to supplies and equipment.

(3) The External Auditor and his staff have free access at all convenient times to all books, records and other documentation which are, in the opinion of the External Auditor, necessary for the performance of the audit. Information classified as privileged and which the Secretary-General (or his designated senior official) agrees is required by the External Auditor for the purposes of the audit and information classified as confidential shall be made available on application. The External Auditor and his staff shall respect the privileged and confidential nature of any information so classified which has been made available and shall not make use of it except in direct connexion with the performance of the audit. The External Auditor may draw the attention of the Executive council to any denial of information classified as privileged which in his opinion was required for the purpose of the audit.

(4) The External Auditor shall have no power to disallow items in the accounts but shall draw to the attention of the Secretary-General for appropriate action any transaction concerning which he entertains doubt as to legali ty or propriety. Audit objections to these or any other transactions arising during the examination of the accounts shall be immediately communicated to the Secretary-General.


(5) The External Auditor shall certify the financial statements in the following terms.

"I have examined the financial statements of the Organization for the year/financial period ended 31 December... I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of the audit, that, in my opinion, the financial statements are correct",

adding, should it be necessaryJ

IIsubject to the observations in my report".

(6) The report of the External Auditor on the financial statement should mention,

(a) The type and scope of his examination)

(b) Matters affecting the completeness of accuracy of the accounts, including where appropriatez

(i)

(ii )

(iii)

(i v) (v)

Information necessary to the correct interpretation of the accounts) Any amounts which ought to have been received but which have not been brought to account) Any amounts for which a legal or contingent obligation exists and which have not been recorded or reflected in the financial statements) Expenditure not properly substantiated) Whether proper books of accounts have been kept. Where in the presentation of statements there are qeviations of material nature from the generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis, these should be disclosed,

(c) Other matters which should be brought to the notice of the Executive Council, such as&

(i) Cases of fraud or presumptive fraud) (ii) Wasteful or improper expenditure of the Organization's

money or other assets (notwithstanding that the accounting for the transaction may be correct),

(iii) Expenditure likely to commit the Organization to further outlay on a large scale,

(iv) Any defect in the general system or detailed regulations governing the control of receipts and disbursements or of supplies and equipment;

(v) Expenditure not in accordance with the intention of Congress and/or the Executive Council after making allowance for duly authorized transfers within the budget,

(vi) Expenditure in excess of appropriations as amended by duly authorized transfers within the budget,

(vii) Expenditure not in conformity with the authority which governs it,


(d) The accuracy or otherwise of the supplies and equipment records as determined by stock-taking and examination of the records.

In addition, the reports may contain reference tOI

(e) Transactions accounted for in a previous year concerning which further information has been obtained or transactions in a later year concerning which it seems desirable that the Executive Council should have early knowledge.

(7) The External Auditor may make such observations with respect to his findings resulting from the audit and such comments on the SecretaryGeneralis financial report as he deems appropriate to the Executive Councilor to the SecretarY-General.

(8) Whenever the External Auditor's scope of audit is restricted, or he is unable to obtain sufficient evidence, the External Auditor shall refer to the matter in his report, making clear the reasons for his comments and the eff-ect on the financial position and the financial transactions as recorded.

(9) In no case shall the External Auditor include criticism in his report without first affording the Secretary-General an adequate opportunity of explanation on the matter under observation.

37 (Cg-IX) - PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBERS DURING THE EIGHTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) The accession to membership of new Members during the eighth financial period,

(2) That assessments of contributions for such Members were not made by Eighth Congress,

(3) That the Executive COInnli ttee had determined provisional assessments for these new Members, as well as for some prospective new Members,

DECIDES.

(1) That the assessments of contributions for the eighth financial period for the following Members shall be as follows.

Bahrain 1 unit Belize 1 unit Dominica 1 unit Fiji 1 unit saint Lucia 1 unit Swaziland 1 unit vanuatu 1 unit Zimbabwe 1 unit


(2) That the assessments of contributions for the eighth financial period for the following prospective new Members shall be.

Antigua and Barbuda 1 unit Brunei 1 unit Kiribati 1 unit Nauru 1 unit Solomon Islands 1 unit Tonga 1 unit Tuvalu 1 unit

38 (Cg-IX) - ASSESSMENT OF PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBERS FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Article 24 of the Convention of the World Meteorological organi-zation,

(2) Resolution 47 (Cg-VIIl) - Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for the eighth financial period,

CONSIDERING the need to introduce in the scale of- assessments of proportional contributions on Members adjustments to take account of the differ~ ences between the level of assessments in the United Nations and the World -Me"teel:-e10CBi-Gal- Q:r-ga-nization., and that sllch adjustments shoUld not result in a large and rapid increase for some Members,

DECIDES,

(1) (a) That with effect from 1 January 1984 the proportional contributions of Members shall be assessed upon a combination of the UN assessment for the period 1983-1985 and the WMO scale of assessments for the eighth financial period;

(b) That the adjustments of the scale of assessment of Members shall be phased in on a step-by-step basis throughout the ninth financial period)

(c) That the proportional assessment of contributions shall be expressed in percentages to two decimal places)

(2) That the assessments of proportional contributions of Members for the years 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987 of the ninth financial period shall be as set out in Table I of the annex to this Resolution)

(3) That the proportional contributions of Table II in the annex which are not Members but which be assessed as shown in Table II)

countries specified in may become Members shall


(4) That the percentage assessments shown in the annex for the years 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987 shall remain fixed throughout each year,

AUTHORIZES the Secretary~General to accept and implement any proposal for the adjustment of individual percentage assessments submitted jointly by two or more countries, provided that the aggregate percentage assessments of any countries sUbmitting such _a proposal shall remain after adjustment equal to their aggregate assessments as set out in the annex to this. Resolution,

AUTHORIZES the Executive Council to make a provisional assessment in respect of non-Member countries in the event of any such countries becoming Members, the method of assessment being based on principles similar to those governing the assessments laid down in the annex to this Resolution.

NOTE, This resolution replaces Resolution 47 (Cg-VIII) I which remains in force only until 31 December 1983.


TABLE OF PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

FOR THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD (1984-1987)

Table I - Members as at 27 May 1983

Percentage assessments

MEMBERS

1984 1985 1986

Afghanistan 0.04 0.04 0.03 Albania 0.04 0.04 0.03 Algeria 0.09 0.10 0.10 Angola 0.08 0.07 0.06 Argentina 1.26 1.18 1.10 Australia 1.76 1. 73 1. 70 Austria 0.60 0.62 0.64 Bahamas 0.04 0.04 0.03 Bahrain 0.04 0.04 0.03 Bangladesh 0.04 0.04 0.04 Barbados 0.04 0.04 0.03 Belgium 1.26 1.26 1.26 Belize 0.04 0.04 0.03 Benin 0.04 0.04 0.03

1987

0.03 0.03 0.11 0.04 1.02 1.67 0.66 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 1.26 0.03 0.03



MEMBERS

1984 1985 1986 1987

Bolivia 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.04 Botswana 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Brazil 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 Brit. Caribb. Terr. 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Bulgaria 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.27 Burma 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.04 Burundi 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Byelorussian S.S.R. 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.43 canada 2.69 2.72 2.80 2.86 Cape Verde 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Cent. Afric. Rep. 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Chad 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Chile 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.21 China 3.48 3.09 2.75 2.37 Colombia 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.21 Comoros 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Congo 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 costa Rica 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 cuba 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.18 Cyprus 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Czechoslovakia 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.85 Democr. Kampuchea 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Democr. People's

Rep. of Korea 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07

Democr. Yemen 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Denmark 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.73 Djibouti 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Dominica 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Dominican Rep. 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Ecuador 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Egypt 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.26 El Salvador 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Ethiopia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Fiji 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Finland 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 France 4.87 5.08 5.34 5.55 Fr. Polynesia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Gabon 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 Gambia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 German Dem. Rep. 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 Germany, Fed.

Rep. of 5.37 5.81 6.25 6.69

Ghana 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 Greece 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.33 Guatemala 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06



MEMBERS

1984 1985 1986 1987

Guinea 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Guinea-Bissau 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Guyana 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Haiti 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Honduras 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Hong Kong 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Hungary 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.38 Iceland 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 India 1.65 1.46 1.27 1.09 Indonesia 0.57 0.51 0.45 0.38 Iran 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.49 Iraq 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 Ireland 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.22 Israel 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 Italy 2.43 2.59 2.80 2.98 Ivory Coast 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Jamaica 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Japan 3.49 4.45 5.41 6.38 Jordan 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Kenya 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Kuwait 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 Lao Dem. Rep. 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 I.ebanon 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Lesotho 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Liberia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Libya 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 Luxembourg 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 Madagascar 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Malawi 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Malaysia 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.22 Maldives 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Mali 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Malta 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Mauritania 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Mauritius 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Mexico 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 Mongolia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Morocco 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.11 Mozambique 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 Nepal 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Netherlands 1.20 1.28 1.36 1.43 Neth. Antilles 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 New Caledonia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 New Zealand 0.51 0.48 0.44 0.40 Nicaragua 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03

*



MEMBERS

1984 1985 1986 1987

Niger 0.04 o .04 0.03 0.03

Nigeria 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 Norway 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57

Oman 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Pakistan 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 Panama 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 papua N. Guinea 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Paraguay 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Peru 0.29 0.26 0.23 0.19 Philippines 0.37 0.33 0.29 0.25 Poland 1.23 1.16 1.08 1.00 portugal 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.22 Qatar 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Rep. of Korea 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 Romania 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.30 Rwanda 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 St. Lucia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Sao TOme 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Saudi Arabia 0.26 0.34 0.42 0.51 Senegal 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Seychelles 0.04 o .04 0.03 0.03 Sierra Leone 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Singapore 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 Somalia 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 South Africa* 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.60 Spain 1.33 1.41 1.49 1.58 Sri Lanka 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.04 Sudan 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.04 Suriname 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 SWaziland 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Sweden 1.38 1.37 1.36 1. 34 Switzerland 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.13 Syria 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 Thailand 0.28 0.26 0.23 0.20 Togo 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Trinidad and Tobago 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Tunisia 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Turkey 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43

Uganda 0.04 o .04 0.03 0.03 Ukrainian S.S.R. 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.46 U.S.S.R. 10.33 10.31 10.42 10.40

U.K. 5.57 5.42 5.32 5.17

Suspended by Resolution 38 (Cg-VII) from exercising its rights and enjoying its privileges as a Member of WMO.

219



MEMBERS

1984 1985 1986 1987

unit. Rep. Cameroon 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Unit. Rep. Tanzania 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 U.S.A. 24.51 24.45 24.71 24.68 Upper Volta 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 uruguay 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.16 vanuatu 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Venezuela 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 Viet Nam 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 Yemen 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Yugoslavia 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.49 Zaire 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.04 zambia 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 zimbabwe 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table II - Countries which may become Members

MEMBERS Percentage assessments

Antigua and Barbuda 0.03 Brunei 0.03 Bhutan 0.03 Equatorial Guinea 0.03 Grenada 0.03 Kiribati 0.03 Nauru 0.03 Samoa 0.03 Solomon Islands 0.03 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.03 Tonga 0.03 Tuvalu 0.03 United Arab Emirates 0.16

RESOLUTIONS 39 AND 40 (Cg-IX) 221

39 (Cg-IX) - SETTLEMENT OF LONG-OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Article 31 of the Convention,

(2) Article 8.4 of the Financial Regulations,

CONSIDERING that some Members have failed over several years to pay their contributions and have thus been subject to the application of the provisions of Resolution 3 (Cg-VIII),

IMPRESSES upon all Members the necessity to pay their contributions in the year in which they fall due in order to avoid the need for the Organization to draw on the Working Capital Fund and on other internal or external resources,

INVITES all defaulting Members to conclude an agreement with the Organization for the settlement of their arrears over a period not exceeding ten years in addition to the payment of the current contribution in full in the year for which they are due, the conclusion of such agreement is I however, subject to the prior settlement in full of any advance due to the Working capital Fund,

AUTHORIZES the Executive Council, or its behalf, to suspend the application of (Cg-VIII) when it is satisfied that such GQnG~ude-d and- its provis.ions are adhered to by

the president of WMO acting on the provisions of Resolution 3 agreements have been formally the defaulting Member)

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to report annually on this matter to the Executive Council.

40 (Cg-IX) - SECRETARY-GENERAL'S CONTRACT

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Article 21(a) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization,

DECIDES that the terms of appointment of the Secretary-General should be as set forth in the draft contract, contained in the annex to this resolution.


222

World shall



SECRETARY-GENERAL'S CONTRACT

In application of Article 21, paragraph (a) of Meteorological Organization, prescribing that

be appointed by Congress on such terms as Congress

the Convention of the the Secretary-General may approve; and

Having regard to the resolution adopted by the Ninth Congress of the World Meteorological Organization approving the terms of appointment included in the present agreement,

It is hereby agreed as follows.

BetWeen the World Meteorological Organization, hereinafter called the Organization, represented by its President, on the one part, and professor G. O. P. Obasi, appointed Secretary-General by Ninth World Meteorological Congress during its meeting of 11 May 1983, on the other part,

1. The Secretary-General' s term of appointment shall take effect from 1 January 1984.

2. The Secretary-General, at the time of taking up his appointment, shall· subscribe to the following oath or declaration;

"I solemnly swear (undertake, affirm, promise) to exercise in loyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrusted to me as an international civil servant of the World Meteorological Organization, to discharge these functions and regulate my conduct with the interests of the Organization only in view, and not to seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of my duties from any government or other authority external to the Organization".

This oath or declaration shall be made orally by the Secretary-General in the presence of the President and either a Vice-President or another member of the Executive Council.

3. During the term of his appointment, the Secretary-General shall enjoy the privileges and immunities in keeping with his office which are granted him by appropriate agreements entered into by the Organization) he shall not engage in any activity that is incompatible with the proper discharge of his duties as Secretary-General of the Organization) he shall renounce any employment or remunerated activities other than those of Secretary-General of the Organization, except those activities authorized by the Executive Council, he shall not accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any source external to the Organization without first obtaining the approval of the Executive council.

4. The term of appointment of the Secretary-General shall end.

(a) By expiration of this agreement on 31 December 1987, or

RESOLUTION 40 ( C g- IX) 223

(b) By this official's resignation submitted in writing to the President of the Organization I in which case the Secretary-General shall cease his functions two months after the date of acceptance of his resignation by the Executive Council; or

(c) By termination for serious -failure to carry out his duties and obligations, and in particular those set out in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this agreement. In such case, the Secretary-General shall be heard as of right by the Executive Council; if the Executive Council decides to terminate the appointment, the decision shall take effect two months after the date of pronouncement and on conditions to be determined by the Executive council. After consultation with the Executive Council, the President of the Organization may suspend the Secretary-General from the exercise of his functions pending investigation by the Executive Council and until this Council has taken a decision.

5. The Secretary-General shall receive from the Organization:

(a) An annual salary of 60 099.15 united States dollars net (after deduction for staff assessment), with the application of the appropriate post adjustment at a rate equivalent to that applied to executive heads of other comparable specialized agencies, salary and post adjustment to be paid in monthly instalments) and

(b) An annual representation allowance of 11 400 united States dollars, to be paid in monthly instalments) and

(c) Other allowances including dependency benefits, education, installation and repatriation grants, payment of removal, if pertinent, and t.ravel and subsistence allowance-s apprepria-ee ana -unEle± the -cQndi-ti.ons applicable to Under-Secretaries-General of the united Nations.

All the above-mentioned sums will be paid in the currency of the country where the Secretariat is located, unless some other arrangement is agreed to by the Executive Council and the Secretary-General.

The salary and-- emoluments received from the Organization will be free of tax.

6. The Secretary-General shall be allowed thirty working days' leave each year. In order that the Secretary-General may take his annual leave every two years in his home country, the Organization shall pay the expenses in connexion with the travel of the Secretary-General, his spouse and his dependent children, under the conditions applicable to Under-Secretaries-General of the united Nations.

7. The Secretary-General shall participate in any social security scheme established by the Organization, the benefits he would receive being not less favourable than those which would accrue in similar circumstance to an official of the next highest rank of the staff covered by the scheme.


8. Any divergence of views concerning the application or interpretation of the present agreement, which it shall not have been possible to settle by direct discussion between the parties, can be submitted by one or the other of the parties to the judgement of the Administrative Tribunal, the competence of which is recognized by the Organization, whose decisions will be final. For any appeals by the Secretary-General against the non-observation of the statutes of the united Nations Joint Staff pension FUnd, of which the Secretary-General shall be a participant in accordance with the regulations and rules of that Fund, the Administrative Tribunal whose jurisdiction has been accepted by the Organization for pension cases is recognized hereby as the competent arbitrator.

Done and signed in duplicate at

President of the World Meteorological Organization

on the 1983.

Secretary-General appointed by the Ninth

World Meteorological Congress

41 (Cg-IX) - AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLE 13(c) OF THE CONVENTION

THE CONGRESS.

CONSI DERING.

(1) The increasing number of Members of the Organization,

(2) The advisability of having wider consultation on the Executive Council, thus not only increasing the number of Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services taking an active part in the operation of the Organization but also improving the representation of the Regions,

DECIDES.

(1) That the text of Article 13 (c) of the Convention be replaced by the following.

n (c) Twenty-six Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services of Members of the Organization, who can be replaced at sessions by alternates, provided:

(i) That these alternates shall be as provided for in the Regulations,

RESOLUTIONS 42 AND 43 (Cg-IX) 225

(ii) That not more than nine and not less than three members of the Executive Council, comprising the President and Vice-presidents of the Organization, the presidents of regional associations and the twenty-six elected Directors, shall come from one Region, this Region being determined in the case of each member in accordance with the Regulations."

(2) That these amendments shall come into force on 11 May 1983.

42 (Cg-IX) - AMENDMENT TO THE CONVENTION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution 2 (Cg-VIII) - Review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO,

(2) The Report of the Executive Committee Panel of Experts for the Review of the Scientific and Technical Structure of WMO, in particular its proposal to change the name of the Executive Committee to Executive council,

DECIDES.

(1) To amend the Convention by replacing the "Executive Committee ll by IIExecutive Council"- int

(al Artoi.Glces 4(a) (2) and (b), 5(b), 6(a) and (b), See) and (j),

lO(a) and (b), 1l(a)(4), 13 (first line), 13(c)(ii), 14, 15(a) and (b), 16(a) and (b), 17, 18(d)(i), (ii) and (iv), 19(a) and (d), 21(b), 23(a) and (b), 26(a) and 27(b)(ii),

(b) Titles of part V and Part VII,

(2) That these amendments will come into force on 28 May 1983,

(3) To amend the WMO Regulations, wherever appropriate, by replacing the 11 Execu ti ve Committee" by "Execu ti ve Council".

43 (Cg-IX) - AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 14(f) OF THE CONVENTION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 4 (Cg-III),

CONSIDERING that a discrepancy exists between the English and French texts of Article 14(f) of the Convention,


HAVING EXAMINED the considerations and recommendations of the Executive Committee contained in Resolution 27 (EC-XXXIV),

DECIDES.

(1) To approve the amendment to the English text of Article 14(f) of the convention as indicated in the annex to this resolution)

(2) That this amendment come into force on 28 May 1983.


AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 14(f) OF THE CONVENTION

Amend the English text only of Article 14 - Functions, paragraph (f) to read:

n(f) To prepare the agenda for Congress and to give guidance to the regional associations and technical commissions in the preparation of their work programme. 1I

44 (Cg-IX) - AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL REGULATION 83 RELATED TO THE PROCEDURES FOR THE ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING the amendments to Article 13 (c) of the Convention relating to the increase in the minimum and maximum number of Members per Region in the Executive Council as adopted by Resolution 41 (Cg-IX),

CONSIDERING that Regulation 83 of the General Regulations should be amended accordingly,

ADoPTS the amendments to Regulation 83 of the General Regulations given in the annex to this resolution)

DECIDES that these amendments shall come into force on 16 May 1983.


REVISED TEXT OF GENERAL REGULATION 83

Regulation 83 (amended text)

In Congress, after the election of the President and the Vice-presidents of the Organization, the remaining places on the Executive Council, other than those of the Presidents of the Regional


ASsociations, shall be filled in the manner specified in (a) and (b) below,

(a) A first election consisting of separate elections conducted simultaneously shall be held to fill those places on the Executive Council which need to be filled by candidates from particular Regions in order to satisfy the requirement in accordance with Article 13 (c) (ii) of the Convention that not less than three members of the Executive Council shall come from each Region. The list of candidates for this election shall be confined to the candidates belonging to the Regions which are not yet represented by three members. In this election, separate voting slips shall be used for each Region involved.

(b) A second election shall be held to fill simultaneously, by means of a ballot or series of ballots, the remaining places on the Executive Council, on the basis of a list containing the names of all candidates, from whatever Region, except those who have been elected under sub-paragraph (a) • In this second election, a single voting slip shall be used to record votes for the remaining places to be filled. In addition to the provisions of Regulation 80, a voting slip shall be invalid if it contains a number of names greater I for any Region, than the maximum number of seats which remain possible for that Region, in accordance with Article 13(c) (ii) of the Convention. A voting slip containing less names than the number of places to be filled shall be valid and shall not be regarded as an abstention provided it contains at least one name.

45 (Cg-IX)- THE GENERAL REGULATIONS OF THE WORLD ME'l'EOROWGICAL ORGANIZATION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Article 8(d) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization,

(2) The General Regulations of the Organization as approved by Eighth congress and published in the 1979 edition of WMO Publication No. 15 (Basic Documents) ,

CONSIDERING that in the light of experience gained since Eighth Congress in the application of these Regulations and in the interest of clarification, some amendments to the General Regulations are required,

ADOPTS the new or amended Regulations as listed in the annex to this resolution,

RETAINS IN FORCE the present Regulations not included in the annexes to this resolution and to Resolutions 44 (Cg-IX) and 47 (Cg-IX),

DECIDES that the General Regulations so amended shall become effective immediately after the closure of Ninth Congress except as may otherwise be provided for in other resolutions of Ninth CongressJ


REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the publication of a new edition of WMO Publication No. 15 (Basic Documents) containing the full text of the General Regulations as so amended.



LIST OF NEW OR AMENDED GENERAL REGULATIONS

Definitions

(new definitions)

suspension of the meeting the temporary adjournment of the business of the meeting

adjournment of the meeting

adjournment of debate

closure of debate

the termination of all business until another meeting is called

termination of debate on the item under di.scussion to a later time in the meeting or to a later meeting

termination of all debate on the item at the meeting


The duties of the President of the Organization shall be.

(1) To preside over the sessions of Congress and sessions of the Executive Council held during his term of office)

(2) To guide and co-ordinate the activities of the Organization and its various bodies as specified in Article 4(a), (1) to (4) inclusive of the Convention,

(3) To issue directives to the Secretary-General with respect to the fulfilment of his duties)

(4) To carry out such specific duties as are prescribed by decisions of Congress, the Executive Council and by the Regulations of the Organization,

(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 74, to take action, on behalf of the Executive Council, after consultation with the presidents of the Technical Commissions concerned and members of the Executive Council and


in accordance with the relevant rules of procedure of the Executive council, on any recommendation of an Association or Commission, when he considers that such action, in the interest of the Organization, cannot be deferred until the next session of the Executive Councilor until the Executive council can complete a vote by correspondence;

(6) To furnish to each ordinary session of the Congress and of the Executive Council the reports prescribed in Regulations 132 and 153 respectively)

(7) To include, in the report to the Executive Council, particulars of any case which has occurred since the previous session of the Executive Council in which it was necessary for him:

(a) To take action or adopt a decision or directive, under the provisions of (2) and (3) of this Regulation, which was not within the ambi t of previous decisions by Congress or the Executive counci 1 or the regulations of the Organization, or

(b) To take action under (5) of this Regulation,

in order that the Executive Council may confirm such action, decision or directive, failing which the action, decision or directive shall be considered as rescinded)

(8) If Congress convenes before a case has been reported to a session of the Executive Council, in accordance with (7) of this Regulation, to include particulars of the case in the report made to Congress in accordance with (6) of this Regulation)

(9) To maintain files of his official correspondence as president of t;he Or~-a-nizat-i-Qn -and the Exe_cutive Council and to send copies of this correspondence to the Secretary-General.


The term of office of the President and Vice-Presidents of the organization or of the President and Vice-President of a Regional Association or Technical commission shall be from the end of one ordinary session to the end of the succeeding ordinary session of Congress, the Regional Association or the Technical Commission, as appropriate. However, they shall be eligible for re-election at the end of their term of office provided that, if any officer has already served for a continuous period covering more than one term of the same office, he shall not be eligible for a further term in the same office, unless he has served for less than five years which shall include the period he may have served in an acting capacity under the provisions of Regulations 12, 13 and 14. With regard to the offices of Presidents and VicePresidents of the Organization and of the president and Vice-president of the Regional Associations, successive Directors of the same Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Service shall not hold the same office for more than two consecutive terms.


Regulation 18 (new text)

Countries maintaining Meteorological or Hydrometeorological services which are not Members of the Organization but which are Members of the United Nations or which have been accorded observer status by the United Nations shall be invited to send observers to sessions of Congress, Technical Commissions and those Regional Associations within the geographical limits of which they are located. other non-Member countries of the Organizat.i.on maintaining Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services shall be similarly invited to sessions of Congress, subject to the prior approval of the Members of the organization and, subject to the same approval, to intermediate sessions of Regional Associations and Technical Commissions.


Each constituent body, except the Executive Council, may establish a Credentials Committee immediately after the completion of the opening formalities and for the duration of the session. The representative of the Secretariat at the session shall attend the Credentials Committee with consultative status. This committee shall examine the credentials of delegates and observers as well as any observation which may be submitted to it by the representative of the Secretariat. It shall report thereon as soon as' possible to the constituent body. Final decisions regarding credentials shall rest with the constituent body.

If, in the case ,of Regional ASsociations and Technical Commissions, a Credentials Committee is not immediately established, a list of the individuals present and the capacities in which they are attending the session shall be prepared, whenever possible, by the representative of the Secretariat, on the basis of examination of credentials. This list, announced by the President of the constituent body, if unanimously accepted, shall constitute the first report on credentials adopted by the constituent body. If an objection is raised by a principal delegate to any name on the lis't, a Credentials committee shall be established.


Any constituent body may establish working groups to act until the next session of that constituent body. The terms of reference of such working groups shall be established by the constituent body and shall be within the terms of reference of that body. Membership need not be restricted to members of the constituent body. When a working group is established during a session, the constituent body may select the members and/or invite designated Members to do so. The constituent body may select the chairman of the working group or authorize its President to do so.

In cases of urgency and subject to the authorization of the Executive Council, the President of a Regional Association or Technical Commission may, between sessions, establish any working group of the constituent body that may be deemed useful by him and select its chairman.


Whenever referred to in these regulations, the provisions of Regulations 31 to 43 shall, unless otherwise provided for, be equally applicable to the rapporteurs or to any other subsidiary body designated or established, as appropriate, by any constituent body of the Organization.


Elections for all offices required to fill shall be held at body.

and places which a constituent body is each ordinary session of that constituent


The president of the Organization may arrange to hold an election by correspondence of the President of an Association or Commission when this office is vacant and cannot be filled by application of Regulation 12.

Notwithstanding the application of Regulation 15, the. president of an Association or Commission may also in exceptional cases arrange to hold elections by correspondence for any other office or place in the body in question.


The provl.sl.ons of Regulations 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 84 and 87 shall mutatis mutandis apply in the case of elections between sessions.


A point of order raised by any delegation or member shall be immediately decided by the presiding officer in accordance with the Regulations. A delegation or member may appeal against the ruling of the presiding officer. Discussion on such an appeal shall be limited to the appellant and the presiding officer. If the appeal is maintained it shall immediately be put to the vote and the ruling of the presiding officer shall stand unless that ruling is overruled by the required majority of the delegates or members present and voting.

Neither the delegation or member raising a point of order nor any other delegation or member may speak on the substance of the subject under discussion until the point of order has been determined.


A delegation or a member may move at any time the suspension or the adjournment of the meeting. SUch a motion shall not be debated, but shall immediately be put to a vote, subject to Regulation 104.



During the discussion of any matter, a delegation or a member may move the adjournment of the debate to a specified time. Such motions shall not be debated, but shall immediately be put to vote, subject to Regulation 104.


A delegation or a member may at any time move the closure of the debate, whether or not any other delegate or member has signified his wish to speak.. Permission to speak on the closure of the debate may be accorded to not more than two speakers both opposing the closure, after which the motion shall be immediately put to the vote, subject to Regulation 104.


Subject to the provisions of Regulation 94 concerning the point of order, the following motions shall have precedence in the following order over all other proposals or motions before the meeting:

(a) To suspend the meeting)

(b) To adjourn the meeting)

(c) To adjourn the debate on the item under discussion)

(d) For the closure of the debate on the item under discussion.


At sessions of a constituent body the substance of the discussion and the decisions arrived at for each agenda item shall be recorded in the general summary of the work of the session.

Summarized minutes of the discussion at plenary meetings of constituent bodies other than Technical Commissions shall be prepared by the Secretariat. Summarized minutes at plenary meetings of Technical Commissions may be prepared by the Secretariat if the Technical Commission so decides. Committees and working groups of constituent bodies shall submit reports on their work but no summarized minutes shall be prepared of the discussion at sessions of these bodies.

Summarized minutes shall be distributed as soon as possible to all delegates and persons taking part in the meeting, who may submit their proposed corrections in writing to the secretariat of the session within forty-eight hours of the distribution.

Any disagreement on the proposed corrections shall be decided by the presiding officer after consultation with the person concerned. The summarized minutes shall be submitted to the constituent body for approval as soon as possible.



If summarized minutes are prepared at plenary meetings of a constituent body, the statements of delegations or members should be recorded in extenso in the summarized minutes of the meeting at the request of the delegation or member concerned. The minutes of the particular meeting which contains the statement in extenso may be disseminated to all Members of the Organization, if expressly requested by the delegation or member concerned.

If no summarized minutes are prepared at plenary meetings of a technical commission, the statements of delegations or members may be disseminated in extenso to all Members of the Organization, if expressly requested by the delegation or member concerned.. statements in extenso shall not be included in the report of the session, provided that no other decision is taken ..


The English, French, RUssian and Spanish languages shall be used in the Technical Commissions and their committees. In addition, interpreters and interpretation facilities shall also be provided for the use of the Arabic and Chinese languages upon request.

When the membership. of a working group of a Technical commission has been completed, the president of the Commission shall notify the SecretaryGeneral of the working languages that will be used for sessions, if any, of tbat working group.


As decided by Congress, the Convention, the regulations, and relevant reports and publications of the Organization shall be published in English, French, Russian and Spanish. The Convention and the General Regulations of the Organization shall also be published in Arabic and Chinese.


The Presidents of all Technical Commissions shall be invited to attend each session of congress, the cost of their transportation and subsistence, for an appropriate period, to be borne by the Organization.


The provisional agenda shall be submitted for approval by congress as soon as possible after the opening of the session. The agenda may be amended by Congress at any time.


Regulation 136

(to be deleted)


A Member which belongs to more than one Regional Association shall, for the purposes of Article 13 of the Convention, normally be regarded as coming from the Region in which the headquarters of its Meteorological Service is located. Such a Member may, however I for the purposes of Article 13, select another Region to which it belongs, in which the greater part of its terri tory lies. Any other choice of Region shall require the approval of Congress. In all cases, the choice of the Region must be announced before the elections covered by Article 8(j) of the Convention begin, and such choice may not be changed during the session.


When a vacancy among the members elected in accordance with Article 13(c) of the Convention occurs in the Executive Council between sessions of the Congress I an acting member shall be designated by the Executive council in conformity with the provisions of that article. The acting member shall serve until the closure of the next ordinary session of Con-gress. If, however, the vacating member is the President of an Association, the acting President of the Association shall serve until the election of a new President of the Association concerned.


(a) The Executive Council may establish panels of experts to keep it advised on important specialized subjects not specifically included within the terms of reference of one of the Technical Commissions. Such panels may be dissolved at any time by resolution of the Executive Council.

(b) When expedient, the Executive Council may use the Technical Commissions through their advisory working groups/steering groups or their other working groups to give advice on urgent or priority items. Th'e Executive council may also authorize meetings and other arrangements for ·facilitating the implementation and management of the major programmes of the Organization.


In accordance with Article 19(d) of the Convention, the Presidents of Technical Commissions may participate in sessions of the Executive Council; the cost of travel and subsistence for an appropriate period shall be met by the Organization.


The provisional agenda shall be submitted for approval at the opening meeting. In the course of the session the agenda may be amended at any time.


Regulation 158

(to be deleted)


If a quorum, according to Article 17 of the Convention, is not obtained at a session, the decisions adopted by a two-thirds majority of those members present shall be referred by correspondence to all members of the Executive Council.

Any such decision shall be considered as a decision of the Executive Council only when it obtains approval by two-thirds of the votes cast for and against within sixty days after it has been sent to the members, provided that more than half the members of the Executive Council have participated in the vote.


Sessions shall normally be held at intervals not exceeding four years. The Secretary-General shall draw up a provisional programme of sessions of Regional Associations in consultation with the Presidents of the Associations and the President of the Organization. The co-ordinated programme of sessions shall be sent to all Members, prior to the ordinary session of Congress I inviting them to act as host countries for one or more sessions of constituent bodies. The time and place of an ordinary or an extraordinary session shall be determined by the president of the Association, in agreement with the President of the Organization and after consultation with the Secretary-General.

In the case where invitations are received from more than one Member to act as host country for the same session of a Regional Association, the Secretary-General shall submit the matter to the president of the Organization for decision.


(a) The main purpose of a Commission is to study and make recommendations to Congress and the Executive Council on subjects within its terms of reference and in particular on matters directly referred to the Commission by Congress and the Executive Council. Any decision of a commission requiring financial support or implementation action by Members, proposals for Secretariat action and proposals requiring co-ordination with other WMO bodies or with bodies outside the Organization shall be recorded as a recommendation to Congress or the Executive Council.

(b) Any decision of a Commission which concerns only the internal activities of the Commission, such as action to carry out its part of the long-term programme of the Organization, the establishment and terms of reference of a working group or the designation of a rapporteur shall be recorded


in the form of a resolution, provided that such resolution not be in conflict with the provisions of the Convention, the Regulations of the Organization or any previous decisions of Congress or the Executive Council.

(c) Any decision of a commission which is intended to convey information, or an opinion, including communications with other technical bodies of WMO, or which gives directives to a working group (other than its terms of reference), to the officers of the Commission or to any individual who has been designated to undertake a task for the Commission, shall be recorded in the general summary of the abridged final report of the session.


Sessions shall normally be held at intervals not exceeding four years. The Secretary-General shall draw up a provisional programme of sessions of Technical Commissions in consultation with the Presidents of the commissions for co-ordination by the Executive council at its last session before an ordinary session of Congress. The co-ordinated programme of sessions shall be sent to all Members, prior to the ordinary session of Congress, inviting them to act as host countries for one or more sessions of consti tuent bodies. The time and place of an ordinary or an extraordinary session shall be determined by the President of the commission after consultation with the Secretary-General.

In the case where invitations are received from more than one Member to act as host country for the same session of a Technical Commission, the Secretary-General shall submit the matter to the President of the Organization for decision.


If a quorum is not obtained at a session the decisions adopted by a majority vote of those Members present shall be referred by correspondence to the Permanent Representatives of Members of the Organization which have designated experts to represent them permanently in the Commission. Any such decision shall be considered a decision of the commission only when it has been approved by a majority of votes cast for and against within ninety days after it has been sent to the Members.


The general functions of the Secretariat shall be.

(1) ~o serve as the administrative, documentary and information centre of the Organization)

(2) To perform day-to-day programme management functions under the guidance of the Executive Council and in close co-operation with the Technical Commissions in connexion with the scientific and technical programmes approved by Congress)


(3) To organize and perform secretarial duties at sessions of Congress, the Executive Council, the Regional Associations and the Technical commissions within the limits of the appropriate provisions of these Regulations,

(4) To arrange for the issue with the explanatory memorandum summarizing the problems to each item on the agenda of each constituent body,

provisional agenda of an be discussed in respect of

(5) To prepare or edit, arrange for the publication of and distribute the approved publications of the Organization,

(6) To provide an appropriate public relations service for the Organization)

(7) To maintain records of the extent to which each Member implements the decisions of the Organization)

(8) To maintain files of the correspondence of the Secretariat,

(9) To carry out the duties allocated to the Secretariat in the Convention and the Regulations of the Organization, and such other work as Congress, the Executive Council and the president of the Organization may decide.

(~. AS a result of the proposed deletion of Regulations 136 and 158 the numerical order of the Regulations should be renumbered .. acccordingly.)

.,

•


ANNEX I TO THE GENERAL REGULATIONS (amended text)

PROCEDURES RELATING TO THE ACCEPT~~CE

OF INVITATIONS FOR SESSIONS OF CONSTITUENT BODIES

AND OTHER WMO CONFERENCES

(Reference, Regulation 16)

paragraph 4 (amended text)

4. No invitation to host a session shall be considered unless it is received from the inviting government at least 300 days before the scheduled date of opening of the session. If the invitation satisfies this criterion, it should then be considered in the light of Regulation 16 and the necessary assurances obtained not later than 270 days before the scheduled opening date. If the invitation does not satisfy the aforementioned criterion, the session shall be held at WMO Headquarters.

Paragraph 6 (new paragraph)

6. In the caSe where the assurances referred to in the previous two paragraphs are not received within the time limit prescribed and in the absence of any other host country, the session concerned shall be held at WMO Headquarters.

(Note, Existing paragraphs 6 to 10 should be renumbered as 7 to 11) •.

Renumbered paragraph 7 (amended text)

7.. After receipt of the assurances referred to in the preceding paragraphs, the Secretary-General will inform all Members of the Organization of the proposed session at least 240 days prior to the scheduled opening date. ,.

ANNEX II TO THE GENERAL REGULATIONS (amended text)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

(Reference, Regulation 160)

Region II - Asia

Southern limit

From Akaba following a line along the territorial and island waters of Saudi Arabia to the centre of the strait of Aden, thence eastwards along a straight line to latitude 13°N, 60 oE, thence along longitude 60 0 E to the


point SO S, 60 °E, thence along latitude SO S to the point SO S, 90 ° E, thence along longitude 90 0E to the point 6.SoN, 90 0E, thence along latitude 6.SoN to the Malaysia-Thailand boundary, thence along the Malaysia-Thailand boundary to the coast on the Gulf of Thailand, thence to the point lOoN, 1100E, thence north-eastwards along a straight line to the point 23.SoN, 12SoE, thence along latitude 23.SoN to the 180th meridian, thence northwards along the 180th meridian to the point 30 0N, 180°.

Region V - south-West Pacific

Northern limi t

From the point SOS, 80 0E to the pOint SOS, 90 0E, thence along longitude 90 0E to the point 6.S oN, thence along latitude 6.S oN to the MalaysiaThailand boundary, thence along the Malaysia-Thailand boundary to the coast on the Gulf of Thailand, thence to the point lOoN, 1100E, thence north-eastwards along a straight line to the point 23.SoN, 12SoE, thence along latitude 23.SoN to the 180th meridian, thence northwards along the 180th meridian to the point 30 o N, 180 0

, thence eastwards along latitude 30 0 N to the point 30 o N, 140 0W, thence south-eastwards to the point SON, 120 0W.

46 (Cg-IX) - USE OF THE ARABIC AND CHINESE LANGUAGES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Resolution SO (Cg-VII) - Use of the Chinese language,

(2) Resolution S4 (Cg-VIII) - Use of the Arabic language,

(3) Regulations 114 and lIS of the General Regulations as well as Regulations 117 and 119 of the General Regulations as amended by Resolution 4S (Cg-IX) ,

REAFFIRMS that the full use of the Arabic and Chinese languages as official and working languages of the Organization shall be implemented on a step-by-step basisJ

NOTING FURTHER that the use of the Arabic and Chinese languages at sessions of Congress, the Executive Council and the technical commissions are provided for in Regulations lIS and 117 of the General Regulations,

DECIDES that interpreters and interpretation facilities shall be provided on the same basis as for the official and working languages of the Organization forI

(a) The use of the Arabic language at sessions of Regional Associations I (Africa), II (Asia) and VI (Europe),

240

NOTE:


(b) The use of the Chinese language at sessions of Regional Association II (Asia).

This resolution replaces Resolutions 50 (Cg-VII) and 54 (Cg-VIII), which are no longer in force.

47 (Cg-IX) - SYSTEM OF WMO TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) General Regulation 176* and its annex,

(2) Resolution 2 (Cg-VIII) - Review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO,

(3) Resolution 53 (Cg-VIII) - System of WMO technical commissions for the eighth financial period,

CONSI DERING,

(1) The final report of the EC Panel of Experts for ·the Review of the Scientific and Technical structure of WMO,

(2) The need to clarify and strengthen the role of the· technical commissions in the scientific and technical work of WMO,.

DECIDES.

(1) To retain the system of eight technical commissions as decided by Eighth Congress)

(2) To revise substantially the general terms of reference applicable to all the commissions (reference. Regulation 176*) as indicated in the annex to this resolution,

(3) To revise commission (reference: resolution,

the individual terms of reference of each technical Regulation 176*) as indicated in the annex to this

(4) To change the name of the commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology to the Commission for Climatology (CCl»)

* This regulation will appear as General Regulation 174 in the 1983 edition of the Basic Documents.


REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform all concerned and to continue to provide assistance to the technical commissions as provided for in the General Regulations.



ANNEX III TO THE GENERAL REGULATIONS (amended text)

STRUCTURE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE OF TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS

(Reference. Regulation 176*)

The Technical Commissions of the World Meteorological Organization established by congress are classified in two groups as follows.

I Basic Commissions

1.

2.

3.

commission for Basic Systems (CBS)

CoiIllllission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO)

commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS

) )

) )

)

)

Basic operations

and facilities

Research in atmospheric sciences

* This regulation will appear as General Regulation 174 in the 1983 edition of the Basic Documents.


GENERAL TERMS OF REFERENCE

Within its terms of responsibility as defined hereunder and within the provisions of these Regulations, each Technical Commission shall;

1. StUdy and review advances in science and technology, keep Members informed and advise Congress-, the Executive Council and other constituent bodies on these advances and their implications)

2. Develop, for consideration by the Executive Council and Congress, proposed international standards for methods, procedures, techniques and practices in meteorology and operational hydrology including, in particular I the relevant parts of the Technical Regulations I guides and manuals )-

3. under the general guidance of Congress and the Executive Council carry out functions - with other bodies as necessary relating to the planning, implementation and evaluation of the scientific and technical programme activities of_the Organization)

4. provide a forum for the examination and resolution of relevant scientific and technical issues)

5. Promote training by assisting in the organization workshops and in the preparation of related material ment of other sui table mechanisms for the transfer

of seminars andand the developof knowledge and

methodology, including the results of research, between Members)

6. Promote international co-operation -and maintain, through appropriate ch~nnels, close co-operation on scientific and technical matters with other relevant international organizations)

7. Make such recommendations as it may consider necessary_

INDIVIDUAL TERMS OF REFERENCE

I. BASIC COMMISSIONS

1. commission for Basic Systems (CBS)

The commission shall be responsible for matters relating to.

(a) World-wide co-operation in the operation and further development of the World Weather Watch (WWW) system in the light of new requirements and technological developments)

(b) Development and application of systems and techniques for operational weather analysis and forecasting to meet user requirements)

RESOLUTION 47 (Cg-IX) 24:>

(c) Observational systems facilities and networks (land, sea, air and space) for basic meteorological purposes, in particular, all technical aspects of the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch)

(d) processing of basic data, regardless of whether the data refer to WWW stations or not, and the . functions of appropriate data-processing centres in respect of processing, storage and retrieval of data for meteorological and related purposes, in particular the organization of the Global Data-processing System of the World Weather Watch)

(e) Telecommunication networks and facilities to meet the basic requirements for operational, research and applications purposes, in particular the organization of the Global Telecommunication System of the World Weather Watch)

(f) Operational procedures, schedules, arrangements to be developed for international exchange of observational data and processed information for all purposes (including the WCP) , and in particular through the GTS)

(g) Monitoring the operations of the World weather Watch)

(h) Systems of station identification and index numbers)

(i) Determination of radio meteorological messages, instrumental aids, and for

frequency requirements for for meteorological aids, in

meteorological satellites)

transmitting particular

(j) International code forms and tables of specifications for basic processing purposes and for the various applied purposes)

(k) Formulation of system requirements to provide data and products to meet the requirements defined by Technical Commissions, Regional Associations and other bodies taking into account new applications of meteorology)

(1) Definition of requirements for climatological data needed for general purpose forecasts.

2. Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO)

The Commission shall be responsible for matters relating to:

(a) International standardization or compatibility of meteorological instruments and related measurements and observations, in particular:

(i) Advise on types, characteristics, accuracies, performance and effective USe of meteorological instruments)

(ii) Conduct global and regional field comparisons and evaluations of meteorological instruments)


(iii) study ana recommend methods of observation, including the test and calibration methods and the corrections to be applied)

(iv) Promote development of reference instruments)

(b) Support to other WMO programmes and bodies, in particular by specifying co-or dina ted requirements for meteorological measurement methods, when requested by other Technical Commissions and, as appropriate, by other WMO bodies, taking into account both experience and new developments in the field of meteorological instruments and methods of observation)

(c) promotion of research and development for automatic observations and of meteorological instrumentation including inexpensive and sturdy instruments for use in developing countries.

3. Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)

The commission shall be responsible for matters relating to:

(a) Research in meteorology and in related fields, in particular:

(i) The development of research programmes in specific areas, primarily:

(ii )

(ii )

Weather prediction, including short-, medium- and long-range,

Tropical meteorology,

Research on climate including climate variations, and as far as possible climate prediction, taking into account the special arrangements made for the WCRP)

Weather modification,

Atmospheric chemistry and air pollution meteorology, including studies of transport, transformation and deposition of air pollutants as lead technical commission in this field,

Formulation of requirements for observations and for the storage, retrieval and exchange of data for research purposes,

The co-ordination of the international aspects of such research with relevant scientific bodies)

(b) Standardization and tabulation of physical functions and constants used in atmospheric sciences)

(c) Scientific evaluation of technical meteorological procedures such as forecast verification techniques)

(d) Research techniques and methodology,


(e) Dissemination, classification, abstracting, cataloguing and retrieval of meteorological literature and other documents, including keeping up to date with the Universal Decimal Classification system as far as WMO is concerned.

II. APPLICATIONS COMMISSIONS

1. Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)

The Commission shall be responsible* for matters relating to.

(a) Applications of meteorology to aviation, taking into account the relevant meteorological developments, in both the scientific and practical fields)

(b) The study of aeronautical requirements for meteorological services and arranging so far as possible for these requirements to be met either by its own action or, when co-ordination is necessary I by referring the requirements to the relevant constituent bodies)

(c) Application of knowledge of meteorology to aeronautics)

(d) International standardization of methods, procedures and techniques employed or appropriate for employment in.

(i) The application of meteorology to aeronautics and the provision of meteorological services to in'te-rna'tienal a-oi.-r -navigation,

(ii) The making, reporting and dissemination of meteorological observations from aircraft,

(e) Consideration of requirements for climatological data needed for aeronautical meteorological purposes,

(f) Consideration of aeronautical requirements for meteorological observations and specialized instruments.

2. Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)

The Commission shall be responsible for matters relating tOI

(a) Applications of meteorology to agricultural cropping systems, forestry and agricultural land use and livestock management, taking into account meteorological and agricultural developments in both the scientific and practical fields,

* In co-operation with IeAO whenever appropriate.


(b) Development of agricultural meteorological services of Members by transfer of knowledge and methodology and by providing advice in particular ana

(c)

(i) The most practical use of knowledge concerning weather and climate for agricultural purposes such as conservation of natural resources, land management, intensification of crop production, the increase of the area of agricultural production, redudtion of production costs, the improvement of agricultural products and the selection of improved varieties of plants and breeds of animals that are better adapted to climatological eondi tions and their variability}

(ii) The combating of unfavourable influences of weather and climate on agriculture and animal husbandry, including weather-related pests and diseases)

(iii) The protection of agricultural produce in storage or in transit against damage or deterioration due to the direct and indirect influences of weather and climate,

(iv) The use of weather and agrorneteorological forecasts and warnings for agricultural purposes}

(v) The interaction between air pollution and vegetation and soil,

Methods, procedures and techniques for the provision of services to agriculture including farmers, forestry operators,

meteorological and rangeland

(d) Formulation of data requirements for agricultural purposesl

(e) Introduction of effective methods for disseminating agrometeorological information, advice and warnings to ag~iculture by mass media,

(f) Meteorological aspects of desertification.

3. commission for Marine Meteorology (CMM)

The commission shall be responsible for matters relating to,

(a) Applications of meteorology and relevant parts of physical oceanography to marine activities in open sea, off-shore and coastal areas, taking into account new developments in research and operations,


(b) Meteorological and related oceanographic aspects of international programmes of ocean investigations and explorations;

(c) Marine Meteorological Services carried out by Members which at the same time constitute part of the services of the joint WMO/IOC Integrated Global Ocean Services System. These responsibilities will exclude those aspects handled by CBS, CCl and CIMO, but shall include in particular"

(i)

(ii)

Recruitment of ships and the training of including organization of the transmission of to shore J

marine observers ship observations

Organization of observations to meet special requirements of marine users)

(iii) Observations of ocean surface conditions including temperature, currents, waves and sea ice and applications of such data,.

(iv) Services to various marine activities normally carried out by national meteorological authorities including specialized services for off-shore industry and fisheries,

(d) Standardization of methods, procedures and techniques for marine rneteoro"logical observations and, in co-operat.i-en wi i;h -other in-teres ted organizations, related physical oceanographic observations)

(e) Standardization of observations of ocean waves, sea ice and sea temperature and studies of these elements)

(f) Formulation of requirements for the organization of a system of forecasts of meteorological and related elements to meet the needs of shipping, fishing and other marine activities both on the high seas and in coastal waters, inclUding warnings required for marine naVigation and the safety of life at sea,

(g) Development of plans, in collaboration with appropriate constituent bodies for the allocation of areas of responsibility, both for the collection of observations from ocean areas and for the issue of weather bUlletins and related information for marine purposes)

(h) preparation of climatological summaries and other climatological information for marine purposes.


4. Commission for Hydrology (CHy)

The Commission shall be responsible for matters relating to:

(a) Activities in operational hydrology* and the applications of meteorology and hydrology to water resources problems,

(b) International standardization of methods, procedures, techniques and terminology fora

(i) Studies of the water balance, the global hydrological cycle and hydrological forecasting,

(ii) Meteorological and hydrological aspects of design of systems for water management and control,

(e) International exchange of experience and a framework for the. organized transfer of hydrological knowledge and methodology used operationally, as well as action meeting the needs of national Hydrological Services or other national organizations fulfilling the functions of such services concerned mainly with operational activities in hydrology,

(d) Formulation of observational requirements for hydrological purposes)

(e) Co-ordination of international requirements and assisting in the arrangements for international exchange and dissemination of hydrological analyses, forecasts, and warnings and relevant data, and assisting appropriate WMO bodies in problems of international exchange of data where necessary)

*

(a)

(b)

(c)

The term "Operational Hydrology" comprises the following activities.

Measurement of basic hydrological elements from networks of meteorological and hydrological stations: collection, transmission, processing, storage, retrieval and publication of basic hydrological data)

Hydrological forecasting)

Development and improvement of relevant methods, procedures and techniques ina

(i) Network design)

(ii) Specification of instruments)

(iii) Standardization of instruments and methods of observation)

(iv) Data transmission and processing)

(v) Supply of meteorological and hydrological data for design purposes)

(vi) Hydrological forecasting.


(f) Reliability and homogeneity of hydrological and related meteorological observations)

(g) Standardization of the form for recording and establishing requirements for the exchange of hydrological observations and for their processing)

(h) Standardization of methods of computation of hydrological data for research and publication (means, ranges, frequencies, etc.),

(i) Specification of requirements for meteorological instrumentation and desired methods of observation in its field of responsibility and bringing these to the attention of the relevant Technical Commissions)

(j) Development and use of specialized instruments and methods of observation of particular interest to the Commission, for which co-ordination with other Commissions is not necessary.

5. Commission for Climatology (CCl)

The Commission shall be responsible for matters relating tOI

(a) The study of climate* and its effects on human activities)

(b) The compilation and consolidation of general data requirements for all components of the World Climate Programme (in co-operation with other relevant bodies) as the Commission having the lead role for the World Climate Data Programme)

(c) Speoifieation of requirements for climatological purposes and to meet the needs of users for,

(i) Instruments)

(ii) Observations)

(iii) Station networks)

(iv) Acquisition, quality archiving of data)

control,

(v) Proxy data and paleo-climatic data)

inventories, exchange and

(d) The development and improvement of application methodologies (in co-operation with other relevant Commissions) as lead conun.i.ssion for the World Climate Applications Programme, in particular for the application of meteorological (especially climatological) information in the fields of,

(i) Energy)

* Except for research on climate undertaken by CAS


(ii) Land use and human settlements ~

(iii) Engineering and building~

(iv) Human well-being (especially health and disease)~

(v) Tourism~

(vi) Industry)

(vii) Transportation (especially on land) and communications)

(viii) Economic and social planning;

(e) Statistical methods for describing and interpreting large sets of climatological data, assessment of the representativeness and general reliability of climatological observations and of the homogeneity of climatological series;

(f) Studies of human effects on climate on local and regional scales including local air pollution climatology)

(g) The development and effective presentation to users of climatological inforination, in particular for the purposes of the World Climate Applications Pro.gramme.

48 (Cg.IX) - CO-OPERATION BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 31 (Cg-VIII) Services I

CONSIDERING.

Co~operation between Hydrological

(1) The need for input from national Hydrological Services in the planning and implementation of the Hydrology and Water Resources programme,

(2) The need for strengthening the co-operation of Hydrological Services at the level of the regional associations,

INVITES Members to continue to include hydrological advisers or representatives of their Hydrological Services in. their delegations to Congress and sessions of the regional associations)

REQUESTS the regional associations to designate at each regular session, as a body of each association and in accordance with Regulation 31 of the General Regulations, a regional hydrological adviser to the president of


the regional association, who should be a representative of a Service responsible for operational hydrology, and should preferably be the chairman of the regional associationls working group on hydrology, with duties as specified in the annex to this resolution,

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General.

(1) To arrange that the regional hydrological advisers to the presidents of the regional associations may attend those sessions of the Executive council which deal with policy questions related to the Hydrology and water Resources programme, the material arrangements for this attendance being the same as those applicable to the presidents of regional associations)

(2) To arrange for a meeting of those hydrological advisers to Permanent Representatives and those representatives of Hydrological Services of Members included in the delegations of Members to Congress, as a subcommittee of the Congress.



TERMS OF REFERENCE OF REGIONAL HYDROLOGICAL ADVISERS TO

PRESIDENTS OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

1. To maintain contact, through the president of the regional association and Permanent Representatives of Members, with Hydrological Services of Members.

2. To collate the information on needs and activities in the field of operational hydrology in the Region as an input to the WMO Hydrology and water Resource Programme.

3. Between sessions of the regional association, to advise its president on the above matters.

4. To perform any other duties entrusted to him by the president of the regional association.

49 (Cg-IX) - REVIEW OF PREVIOUS CONGRESS RESOLUTIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING.

(1) Regulation 132 of the General Regulations concerning the review of previous Congress resolutions,


(2) Resolution 55 (Cg-VIII) - Revie., of previous Congress resolutions,

HAVING EXAMINED its previous resolutions still in force,

DECIDES.

(1) To keep in force the following resolutions.

Second Congress. 3,4,5,18 (Cg-II),

Third congress. 3, 4, 29 (Cg-III),

Fourth Congress. 2,46 (Cg-IV),

Fifth Congress. 15, 29, 30, 40 (Cg-V) ,

1 (except paragraph (2) (except paragraphs (2)

under DECIDES) 2, 3, 6, and ( 3 ) under DECIDES)

Seventh Congress: 7, 9, 12, 21, 23, 24, 26, 32, 38, 39, 40, 43, 48 (except Article l3(c) of Part A of the annex and with deletion of all references to the General Regulations including Part B of the annex), 53 (Cg-VII),

Eighth Congress. l, 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 33, 36, 41, 45, 48 (Cg-VIII))

(2) To keep in force but only until 31 Decernber1983.

Resolutions 42, 43, 47, 49 (Cg-VIII),

(3) To keep in force, but only until 30 June 1984, Resolution 4 (Cg-VIII) ,

(4) Not to keep in force other resolutions adopted before the ninth session of Congress,

(5) To publish the texts of resolutions kept in force pursuant to resolutions adopted by Ninth Congress.*


* The full texts of resolutions of Congress and the Executive Committee are published separately in WMO publication No. 508.

ANNEXES TO THE GENERAL SUMMARY

ANNEX I

Annex to paragraph 3.2.1.3 of the general summary

OBJECTIVES OF CAgM AND FUTURE ACTIVITIES (1984-1993 )

Objective I WWW to provide: - the mechanism for data exchange

IProvision of required data for operational agrorneteorology

Objective II

Operational agricultural Imeteorology

~gricultural climatology ifor planning purposes

jwCAP - Food

Objective III I

~ransfer of knowledge and ~roven techniques

services such as carrying messages, warnings and advisories on national and regional levels satellite information of use in agriculture, forestry and the combat against desertification

Development of national agrometeorological serv,ices To apply climatological and meteorological data in support of yield assessment and prediction of plant and animal diseases, and of agrotechnical practices Adaptability of regional and local weather forecasting to the needs of agriculture, such as crop condi:tions, pe.sts and diseases r and farming operations Strengthening of aigrometeorological research for the purposes of operational applications Demonstration of the economic and social impact of agrometeorology To provide liaison between agrameteorologists and agricultural interests (Meteorological Services and Department of Agriculture) Promote the development of operational national regional agrometeorological data banks to include c+imatological and phenological data

To determine the food and animal production potential of agroclimatic regions To analyse climatic data in terms suitable for agricultural planning To study the interaction of climate with forestry production, regeneration and deforestation To study the interaction of climate and soils in relation to agricultural production and conservation of national resources and assessing and preventing desertification

Joint FAO/WMO activities in aid of world food production Roving seminars to meteorological and agricultural personnel to improve transfer of knowledge Accelerated training of class I, II, III and IV personnel in the field of agricultural meteorology To provide guidance and educational material in support of agrometeorology

Continuous

ongoing Started

1984-1987

Continuous

1984-1987 Continuous

Started

Started 1984-1987 1984-1987

1984-1987

Ongoing

Continuous

1984-1987 1984-1987

The role

ANN E X II


STATEMENT ON THE

FUTURE ROLE, OBJECTIVES AND OUTLINE PLANS OF THE

COMMISSION FOR ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

FOR THE 1980s

1. The present general and specific terms of reference of CAS are laid down in Annex III to the General Regulations. These terms of reference charge the Commission with wide-ranging responsibilities in respect of atmospheric sciences in WMO.

2. Particular emphasis will be placed on the transfer of information and the provision of advice on the use of research results by the Meteorological Services.

Objectives for the 1980s

3. In the light of the overall long-term objectives and goals of WMO, of the Commission's role and responsibility within WMO, and of the Commission's own perceptions of the needs of Members, as formulated at CAS-VIII, Congress has established the following as the Commission's major goals for the 1980s.

(a) To contribute to the improvement of the short- and medium-range weather forecasting capability of Members by promoting individual Members' research and by transferring advancements in numerical weather prediction and their application to operational weather forecasting,

(b) In co-ordination with JSC, to encourage co-operation of Members in increasing research into methods of long-range forecasting (monthly and seasonal), including the application of proven long-range forecasting methodology,

(c) To assume gradually from JSC the lead role for the overview and co-ordination of research, and application of research results based on data from FGGE and other GARP experiments,

(d) To assist Members in the further co-ordination of research efforts and exchange of knowledge in tropical meteorology, including tropical cyclones and associated storm surges, monsoons, semi-arid zones and droughts, and tropical disturbances arid associated rainfall,

(e) To contribute to appropriate components of the World Climate Research Programme, in close co-operation with the JSC,

ANNEX II 255

(f) To foster research into areas of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution in collaboration with other international organizations)

(g) To aid in the determination of the scientific basis of weather modification activities including hail suppression, precipitation enhancement and fog dispersal,

(h) To identify requirements appropriate data banks for

for, and to encourage research purposes,

establishment of,

(i) To maintain an overview of related geophysical sciences (e.g., oceanography, hydrology, upper-atmosphere sciences) sufficient to enable the commission to anticipate effectively and respond to the need for new CAS activities.

Guidelines for priorities

4. The scope of the Commission IS responsibilities is so broad that the priorities for work must be chosen with great care. There are various other national and international bodies with similar responsibilities with whom CAS must work closely to ensure optimum use of available resources. Accordingly, the following general guidelines established by the Commission were endorsed by congress to assist the Commission in selecting priority activities. The activities should meet some of the following criteria:

(a) To be of concern to a significant number of WMO MembersJ

(b) To be of particular concern to national Meteorological Services (as distinguished from the meteorological community outside of national Meteorological Services),

(c) To promote the exchange of knowledge and technical procedures among Members with particular emphasis on transfer of technology to developing countries,

(d) To require multi-national participation for their effective performance,.

(e) To be more appropriately undertaken by CAS rather than by other technical commissions or international organizations)

(f) To have a high prospect of leading to tangible socio-economic benefits,

(g) To be likely to lead to significant scientific advances.

CAS programme structure for the 1980s

5. The following broad programme structure is envisaged for WMO activi-ties falling within the responsibility of CAS:

Weather prediction research (including short-, medium- and long-range) I~I9~~§!=EEI2EI!~I---------

Analysis on diverse scales and initialization, Very Short-range weather forecasting (hours),

256 ANNEX II

Short- and medium-range weather forecasting (days and weeks), The interpretation of NWP products in terms of local weather, Long-range forecasting (months and seasons), Atmospheric predictability / related also to climate research (see below) I Observing systems experiments in connexion with the Integrated WWW System Study) Intercomparison and verification of NWP products.

Tropical cyclones and associated storm surges) Monsoon studies, The meteorology of arid and semi-arid zones I including tropical droughts) Tropical disturbances and their associated rainfall, Interaction between tropical and mid-latitudes, Tropical limited-area weather prediction modelling.

£!~~~~_~~~~~~~~ (in appropriate components of WCRP in collaboration with JSC)

Physical, dynamical and chemical processes (including studies of the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide, ozone, radiation and aerosols, solar-terrestrial physics, stratosphere and mesosphere, sea-ice and boundary-layer meteorology), Observational and diagnostic studies,

Long-range transport of pollutants) Tropospheric air chemistry; Air pollution modelling) Air-sea interchange of pollUtion, Integrated monitoring.

weather modification research

Cloud physics) Physics of hail suppression) The analysis of data resulting from the Precipitation Enhancement Project) Other work on precipitation enhancement, Other weather modification activities (e.g. fog dispersal, lightning suppression, etc.),

Bibliographic matters) Evaluation of new technological developments meteorology) ) Training activities) Table of standards, functions and constants.

(e. g. satellite

ANNEX II 257

CAS activities in support of programme objectives

6. The activities of the Commission in support of the various identified programme objectives for the 1980s will include the following,

(a) Organization of activities aimed at the transfer of information and the provision of advice on the use of research results by all Meteorological Services~

(b) Planning and co-ordination of international research programmes)

(e) Assistance in the education and training programmes of WMO,

(d) Provision of advice to Members aimed at strengthening their research capabilities and fostering collaborative research programmes,

(e) Co-ordination and stimulation of ongoing research _activities,

(f) preparation and dissemination of scientific reviews and technical reports in selected fields)

(g) Organization of scientific conferences, as well as workshops on specific subjects ~

(h) Establishment of an appropriate mechanism to cover CAS's responsibilities in its major programmes and to undertake specific tasks)

(i) Establishment of more effective working relationships and programme co-ordination with other technical commissions and regional associations and wi-th -international organiz-a-tiens invelve-Q w-i-th x-9search ion the atmospheric sciences,

(j) Provision of expert advisory services to Nernbers on research rna tters)

(k) Holding of sessions of the Commission and its working bodies.

Structure of the Commission

7. The detailed structure for the succeeding each session of the commission but, in general, it

four years is determined by could include the followingz

Ca) An advisory working group consisting of the president, vice-president, past president, and four elected members. The chairmen of specific expert working groups as appropriate may be invited to participate in meetings of the group,

(b) Working groups consisting usually of a chairman and from two to six core members chosen for their personal expertise in the field of concern. As appropriate, other working group chairmen and rapporteurs, including members designated by other technical commissions, may serve as members of a particular working group and may participate as invited

258 ANNEX II

experts at its sessions. The membership may also include a few corresponding members who will play a fully active role by correspondence but whose participation will not be a callan WMO resources,

(c) Open working groups to which all Members are invited to nominate participants and which may be convened to examine particular issues of broad general interest to the Commission}

(d) Steering groups on an ad-hoc basis charged with specific responsibilities for implementation of selected research projects)

(e) Rapporteurs chosen for their personal expertise on particular topics on which the Commission sees the need to maintain timely reviews or undertake studies of limited scope. Rapporteurs normally work by correspondence with the president or chairmen of working groups but may, from time to time, be invited to participate in working groups or other meetings. In some fields, it is occasionally necessary to appoint a group of two or more rapporteurs for a- particular topic, working in close consultation according to some mutually acceptable division of responsibility, with a lead rapporteur designated. A rapporteur or a group of rapporteurs may, as appropriate, callan other· rapporteurs to assist in their work.

8. For the immediate future it is noted that the commission operates with the following structure of working groups and rapporteurs a

(a) Advisory Working Group,

(b) Working Groups on.

(i) (ii )

(iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research Long-range Weather Forecasting Research

(c)

Tropical Meteorology Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution Cloud Physics and Weather Modification Bibliographic problems,

Groups of Rapporteurs on: climate, Carbon Cycle, Atmospheric Ozone, Atmospheric Boundary-layer Problems, the Use of Satellite

Dioxide and the Carbon Radiation, Atmospheric

Data for Research,

(d) Rapporteurs on. Solar-terrestrial Relations, the Role of Sea Ice in the Climate System, Hail Suppression, Warm Cloud MOdification, Bibliographic Problems.

ANN E X III


GUIDELINES TO BE USED FOR THE GRANTING OF WMO RESEARCH AWARDS

FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS

1. PURPOSES

The purpose of the WMO research awards is to encourage young scientists preferably in developing countries working in the field of meteorology.

2. CRITERIA FOR GRANTING AWARDS

(i) Each award shall be made for an outstanding scientific research paper,.

(ii)

(iii)

Awards shall be made to young scientists not exceeding the age of 39 at the time of nomination)

Only one paper should be submitted for each candidate,

(iv) Workers in all fieldS of m.eteorology will be eligible I but members of the WMO Executive council may not submit papers authored by themselves for the award,

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

Awards to nomiheeS from a Region may be -divided. The -a-walr-Q may also be divided between two co-author,s provided that both meet the other criteria for the granting of the award)

Only papers which have been published in scientific journals will normally be eligible for consideration, however, a summary of a successfully defended Ph.D. thesis would also be acceptable,

papers published in languages other than the working languages of WMO will be eligible for consideration if accompanied by full translations in one of the working languages and an extended summary;

(viii) Only papers published during the four-year period immediately preceding the year in which the nomination is made will be eligible for consideration,

(ix) papers that have previously won international prizes will not be eligible.

3. METHOD OF SUBMISSION OF CANDIDATURES

(i) All permanent representatives of Members of a WMO regional association will be invited to submit nominations during a specified period in accordance with a schedule established by

260

(ii )

(iii)

ANNEX III

the Secretary-General. Preference, however, should be given to the nomination of young scientists coming from developing countries who have prepared their work there,

Nominations I together with four copies of papers in a WMQ working language (original or translation) and an adequate summary should be submitted by permanent representatives to the president of the regional association concerned through the WMO Secretariat before a specified time limit)

The number of nominations submitted by each permanent representative should not exceed two.

4. METHOD OF SELECTION

(i) Each president of a regional association should nominate three persons as assessors who should be distinguished scientists normally resident within the Region and who will not be themselves eligible for the awards. The Secretary-General should obtain a list of regional assessors to faci·litate this procedure)

(ii)

(iii)

(i v)

(v)

Each assessor should allot a, mark to each paper which should be a digit in the range 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest) and submit these evaluations to the president of the regional association. The evaluation should be based on the following. significance of topic, novelty of ideas and methods, value of results and quality of presentation, with equal weight being assigned to each of these sectors. On the basis of the expert's marks, the president of the regional association will forward to the Secretary-General the name of the candidate receiving the highest aggregate marks (if two candidates tie for top place both nominations may be submitted),

The final selection of the award-winner or winners from among the candidates from all Regions will be made by a Selection Committee of not more than four members of the Executive Council, specially constituted for this purpose at its session immediately following Congress,

The nominations submitted by each Region, together with the original papers, will be provided to each member of the Executive Council Selection Committee by the Secretary-General at least two months before a session of the Executive Council,

The Executive Council Selection Committee may not recommend an award if none of the papers submitted is of sufficiently high standard.

ANNEX III 261

5. NATURE OF AWARDS

The award will consist of a citation and an amount of US $1 000.

6. AWARDING CEREMONY

The arrangements for the presentation of the award will depend in each case upon the prevailing circumstances and will be decided by consultation between the permanent representative who submitted the nomination and the Secretary-General.

" NNE X IV

Anne~ to pa~agraph 3.6.1.11 of the general summary

RESPONSIBILITIES OF WMO REGIONl\L OFFICES

The !lirectors and staff of WMO Regional Offices are part of the WMO Secretariat. Their location in the Regions neither changes this condition nor influences the procedures regarding the relations between permanent representatives and the Organization.

The responsibilities of the Regional Office are as follows:

(1) To keep abreast of the acti vi ties in the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology in the Region(s) concerned, including the difficulties and deficiencies being experienced, and to give advice and assistance to Members of the Region(s), as appropriate, with a view to overcoming them and, for this purpose, to visit the countries of the Region(s) as required)

(2) To maintain liaison with Members of the Region( s) concerned and, in consultation with the presidents of regional association(s), to assist them in achieving maximum compliance with the relevant decisions of the World Meteorological Organization)

(3 ) To assist Members of the Region(s) wi th the appropriate departments and implementing the WMO programmes in the

concerned, in full consultation offices of the Secretariat, in Region(sh

(4) To render such assistance as may be required by the president(s) of regional association(s) concerned, particularly in the arrangements for sessions of the regional association(s), and to keep them informed of his activities in this regard)

(5) To participate in all sessions of regional association(s) concerned, and other substantive regional events, as required)

(6) To assist, as required, the departments and offices of the Secretariat concerned in the development, implementation and evaluation of the regional aspects of WMO programmes)

(7) To maintain liaison with the regional offices of the united Nations, regional offices of other specialized agencies and intergovernmental bodies of a regional nature and to provide information to the relevant departments and offices of the Secretariat regarding the participation of these bodies in activities relevant to the Region(s), particularly in technical assistance matters;

(8) To carry out administrative functions as required and as laid down by the Secretary-General when the Office is located in the Region) in particular, to maintain adequate records and exercise proper control over the financial resources put at the disposal of the Regional Offices)

ANNEX IV 263

(9) To arrange for the preparation of reports as requested by the Secretary-General,

(10) To undertake any other functions referred to the Office by the Secretary-General,

(11) To keep the Secretary-General fully informed of the activities in the Region(s) on matters requiring attention and of progress achieved in the development of meteorology and operational hydrology in the Region( s) •

ANNEX V

Annex to paragraph 5.2.1 of the gen<;!ral summary

PROGRAMME OF SESSIONS OF CONSTITUENT BODIES

DURING THE NINTH FINANCIAL PERIOD (1984-1987)

Session

1984

Executive Council (thirty-sixth session)

Regional Association II (eighth session)

Commission for Hydrology (seventh session)

Commission for Marine Meteorology (ninth session) (November)

1985

Executive Council (thirty-s<;!v<;!nth session)

Regional ASsociation IV (ninth session)

Co~ssion for Instruments and Methods of Observation (ninth session)

Commission for Basic Systems (extraordinary session)

Commission for Climatology (ninth session)

Place

Geneva

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Philippines

Geneva

costa Rica

Germany, Federal Republic of

Indonesia

Remarks

Budgetary prov~s~on inclUded in Cg-IX/Doc. 13

The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran has extended an invitation, subject to Governmental approval

The Government of the philippines has extended an invitation. The proposed dates are 13-25 February 1984

No invitation yet received

Budgetary provision included in Cg-IX/DOC. 13

The Government of Costa Rica has confirmed the invitation extend<;!d at the last session of RA IV and suggested this session be held in July 1985


The delegation of the Federal Republic of Germany has offered to host this session

The delegation of Indonesia has extended an invitation to host this session I

I Session

1986

Executive Council (thirty-eighth session)

Regional Association I (ninth session)

Regional ASsociation III (ninth session)

Regional Association V (ninth session)

Regional Association VI (ninth session)

Gommission for Atmospheric Sciences (ninth session)

ANNEX V

Place

Geneva

Burundi

Tunis

Peru

Paraguay

New Zealand

German Democratic Republic

Bulgaria

265

Remarks

Budgetary provision included in Cg-IX!Doc. 13

The principal delegate of Burundi at the eighth session of RA I stated that his Government had offered to host the ninth session of the Association. No confirmation has yet been received. The principal delegate of Burundi reiterated this offer at Ninth Congress

The Government of Tunisia is considering hosting this session as an alternative solution

The principal delegate of Peru at the eighth session of RA III stated that his Government had offered to host the ninth session of the Association. No confirmation -has yet hee-n ~eGe:ived

At the eighth session of the Association, the principal delegate of paraguay stated that as an alternative solution his Government would be prepared to host the ninth session of the ASsociation

The Government of New Zealanc has extended an invitation. Dates proposed are February or March 1986

The Government of the German Democratic Republic is considering hosting the ninth session of the Association

The delegation of Bulgaria has offered to host this session, subject to governmental approval

266

Session

Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (eighth sessioh) (tentative)

1987

Tenth world Meteorological CongresS

Executive Council (thirty-ninth session)

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (ninth session) (January) (Following a suggestion made at the eighth session of CAgM, the president of the Commission has now proposed that this session be held in autumn (jf 1986)

Commission for Basic Systems (ninth session)

ANNEX V

Place

.

Geneva

Geneva

Spain

Costa Rica

'runis


Budgetary provision included in Cg-IX/Doc. 13

Budgetary provision included in Cg-IX/Doc. 13

At the eighth session of the Commission, the principal delegate of Spain stated that his Government is considering hosting the ninth session of CAgM

The Government of Costa Rica is considering hosting this session as an alternative solution

The GoVernment (jf Tunisia is considering hosting this session

ANNEX VI

Annex to paragraph 7.11 of the general summary

PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

programme area

I WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME

Global Observing System

Global Telecommunication System

Global Data-processing System

Monitoring of the WWW and operational information service

Integrated WWW System Study

WWW 'implementation support activity

Instruments and methods of observation

Tropical cyclone

II WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME

World climate applications

World climate data

World climate impact studies

World climate research

Responsible body

CBS

CBS

CBS

CBS

CBS

CBS

CIMO

Regional bodies

ACCAD, CCI CAgM, CHy, CBS,

CMM

"

UNEP SAC

JSC, CAS

Secretariat department

WWW

WWW

WWW

WWW

WWW

WWW

WWW

WWW, RDP HWR*

WCP

WCP

WCP

WCRP

* WWW, operational aspects) RDP; non-operational aspects) HWR, hydrological component.

268 i\NNEX V;I:

Programme area

III RESEi\RCH i\ND DEVELOPMENT PROGRl\MME

Weather prediction research

TrQP~cal meteorology

Environmental .poll1,li;:.iop. moni taring and reaearch

- weather modification research

IV APPLICi\TIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRl\MME

i\~ricultural meteorology

Aeronautical meteorology

Marine meteorology

V HYDROLOGY i\ND Wi\TER RESOURCES PROGRl\MME

Operational hydrology

Applications anq services to water :resources

Co-operation with water~related programmes ox oth~r international or~anizations

VI EDUCi\TION i\ND TRl\INING PROGRAMME

EdUcation and trainj.n9 servioes

Education and trainin~ events

Su,Pport to the education and training feHowships

SU'p'port to training events to be implemented under other WMO major programmes

VII !<EGWNi\L i\CTIVITIES

Re:>pons;Lble body

Oi\S

Ci\S

Ci\S + EC panel on

Oi\S + EC panel on

Oi\~M

Ci\eM

CMM

CHy

CHy

CHy

ENV

WM

EC Panel on ETR

EC Panel on ETR

constituent bodies concerned

RAS

Secretariat de,Partrnent

RDP

RDP

RDP

RDP

WCP

WWW

WWW

HWR

HWR

HWR

E\!'R

ETR

ETR Ii< TCe

ETR with departments concerned

DSG with Re~,ional

Offices

ANN E X VII

Annex to paragraph 10.1.10 of the general summary

PROPOSED lIMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES 3 AND 34 OF THE WMO CONVENTION

1. Add the following provision under Article 3.

"(g) Any territory other than those specified in paragraph (f) of this Article, maintaining its own Meteorological Service, and administered by the United Nations or by a body established by the United Nations and to which the United Nations applies the present convention in accordance with Article 34,"

The sentence beginning with the words "Any request for Membership •••••••••••••••••• " at the end of Article 3 would remain unchanged.

2. Amend Article 34 (c) to read as follows.

"(c) The United Nations may apply the present convention to any trust territory or group of trust territories or any other territory or territories for which the United Nations or a body established by it is the administering authority. The Government of the United States of America will notify all signatory and acceding states of any such application. If

Doc. No.

1.

2

4

5

6

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Provisional agenda

Explanatory memorandum relating to the provisional agenda for Ninth congress

proportional contributions of Members


Possible method of automatic adjustment Of aSsessments

ADD. 1 ADD. 2

Financial matters

Establishment of the Financial Regulations for the ninth financial period


Settlement of long-outstanding contributions

Agenda item

1.3

1.3

9.3

9.3

9.2

9.3

Submitted by

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Doc. No.

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title


proposed change in the name of the Executive Committee


Amendment to Article 14(f) of the Convention


Amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the Convention


Distribution of seats on the Executive Committee amongst the different Regions


Interpretation of the term "designated" in Regulation 142 of the General Regulations



Consolidated programme and budget 1984-1987

ADD. 1 REV. 1

Agenda item

10.1

10.1

10.1

10.1

10.1

10.2

8

Submitted by

271

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

272

Doc. No.

14

15

16

17

18

19

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

consolidated programme and budget

Report of the Executive Committee on the Secretary-GeneralIs proposals for the programme and budget for the ninth financial period

Financial matters

WMO building

Report on the review of the scientific and technical structure and functioning of WMO

Final Report of the EC Panel

Report on the review of the scientific and technical structure and functioning of WMO

Comments of the Executive Committee and action proposed on the report of the panel


Proposals by the Structure panel

APPENDIX C, REV. 1


proposals by the Executive Committee

Agenda item

8

9.2

2.2

2.2

10.2

10.2

Submitted by

Executive Committee

Secretary-General,

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Doc.

No.

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Long-term Plan 1984-1993


Amendment to Article 13(c)


Amendment to Article 21

Global Observing System (GOS) Global Data-Processing System (GDPS) Global Telecommunication System (GTS) Monitoring of the Operation of the www and Operational Information Service

The Eleventh Status Report on the II!lplementation of the www

ADD. 1

Education and Training Programme

ADD. 1 CORR. 1

WMO satellite activities

Agenda item

7

10.1

10.1

3.1. 2 3.1. 3 3.1.4

3.1.5

3.5

3.1.10

World Climate Applications Programme, 3.2.1 including the reports of the presidents of CCAM and CAgM

Report of the president of CCAM

Submitted by

273

Secretary-General

Kenya

Kenya

President of WMO

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CCAM

274

Doc. No.

27

28

29

30

31

32

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

World Climate Applications programme,including the reports of the presidents of CCAM and CAgM

Report by the president of the commission for Agricultural Meteorology

ADD. 1 ADD. 1, APPENDIX, REV. 1

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme

Operational hydrology, including the report of the ~esident of the commission for Hydrology

Report of the president of CHy

ADD. 1

Research and Development programme

WMO Research Award for the Encouragement of Young Scientists

World Climate Programme

overall co-ordination

ADD. 1

World Climate Applications Programme including the reports of the presidents of CCAM and CAgM

World Climate Applications Programme (WCAP)

Agenda item

3.2.1

3.4

3.4.1

3.3.1

3.2

3.2.1

submitted by

President of CAgM

Secretary-General

president of CHy

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Doc. No.

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title


Proposal for inclusion of the substance of Resolution 31 (Cg-VIII) in the WMO General Regulations

Agenda item

10.2

Revision of the General Regulations 10.2

Amendments to General Regulations 109 and 110


World Climate Data programme 3.2.2

ADD. 1

Report by the President of the Organization

ADD. 1

Weather modification research

ADD. 1 CORR. 1

Tropical Cyclone Programme

World Weather Watch Programme

Units of wind speed

2.1

3.3.4

3.1.9

3.1

Submitted by

President of CHy

Norway

275

Jordan, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Saudi Arabia and Syria

Secretary-General

president of WMO

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of WMO

276

Doc. No.

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Tropical Meteorology

ADD. 1

Environmental pollution monitoring and research

World Climate Research Programme

World Climate Research programme

WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric Research Programme, field phase studies, research and evaluation

Marine meteorology, IGOSS and other ocean-related activities, including the report of the president of CMM

Report by the president of CMM

Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations

ADD. 1 ADD. 2 CORR. 1 (French only)

Further development of the World weather Watch, including the report of the president of CBS

Report by the president of the commission for Basic Systems

Agenda item

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.2.4

3.2.4

3.1.6

6

3.1.1

SUbmitted by

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CMM

Secretary-General

President of CBS

Doc. No.

48

49

50

51

52

53

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Regional activities, including tbe reports of presidents of regional associations

Report by tbe president of Regional Association II (Asia)

Regional activities, including the reports of presidents of regional associations

Report by tbe president of Regional Association V (Southwest Pacific)

Antarctic meteorology

Meteorological activities in the Antarctic

Instruments and methods of observation including the report of the president of CIMO

Report by tbe president of tbe COmnLission for Instruments and Metbods of Observation

weather prediction research, including tbe report of the president of CAS

Report of tbe president of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

ADD. 1

publications Programme

APPENDIX B, REV. 1

Agenda item

3.6.1

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.1.8

3.3.1

5.3

Submitted by

Acting president of RA II

277

President of RA V

Secretary-General

President of CIMO

President of CAS

Secretary-General

278

Doc.

No.

54

55

56

57

58

59

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Aviation meteorology (including the report of the president of CAeM)

Marine meteorology, lGOSS and other ocean-related activities, including the report of the president of CMM

Weather prediction research, including the report of the president of CAS

Aviation meteorology I including the report of the president of CAeM

Report by the president of CAeM

Further development of the World weather Watch, including the report of the president of CBS

Conclusions of the Informal Planning Meeting on WWW Policy and Long-term Development Strategy

ADD. 1 ADD. 2 ADD. 3


Change of name from Malaya to Malaysia

Agenda item

3.1. 7

3.1.6

3.3.1

3.1. 7

3.1.1

10.2

Submitted· by

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

president of CAeM

President of WMO

Malaysia

Doc.

No.

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Regional activities, including reports of presidents of regional associations

WMO Regional Offices

policy-making organs and executive management

Institutionalizing of the Bureau

Voluntary Co-operation Programme

Report on the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP)


Consolidated report on amendments to Technical Regulations

ADD. 1

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Regional actiVities, including reports of presidents of regional associations

Report by the president of Regional Association IV (North and Central America)

CORR. 1

Agenda item

3.6.1

5.1

4.3

4.4

2.3

4.2

3.6.1

Submitted by

279

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of RA IV

280

Doc. No.

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title


CORR. I

public information programme

Instruments and methods of observation, including the report of the president of CIMO

Regional activities, including reports of presidents of regional associations

Report by the president of Regional Association III (South America)

Further development of the World Weather Watch, including the report of the president of CBS

Draft WNW plan for the period 1984-1987

World Climate Impact studies Programme

Conference Programme

APPENDIX, REV. 1

Agenda item

4.1

5.4

3.1.8

3.6.1

3.1.1

3.2.3

5.2

Submitted by

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

president of RA III

President of WMO

Secretary-General (as received from UNEP)

Secretary-General

Doc. No.

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Review of previous resolutions of congress

Consolidated programme and budget

Comments by other organizations on the programme and budget proposed by the Secretary-General for the ninth financial period

Regional activities, including the reports of presidents of regional associations

Report by the president of Regional ASsociation VI (Europe)

Regional activities, including the reports of regional associations

Report of the president of Regional ASsocation I (Africa)

staff matters

Participation of staff in the UN Joint Staff pension Fund

Staff matters

Classification of posts and staff

IMO Lecture and scientific discussions

ADD. 1 ADD. 2 ADD. 3 APPENDIX 0, ADD.

Agenda item

10.3

8

3.6.1

3.6.1

9.4

9.4

13

Submitted by

281

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of RA VI

President RA I

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

282

Doc. No.

81

82

83

84

85

86

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Financial report of the Secretary-General




Request for reduction of the assessments/up-date of information concerning Membership

Marine meteorology, IGOSS and other ocean-related activities includi.ng the report of the president of CMM

Review report of the chairman of the Joint IOCjWMO working Committee for IGOSS on the status of implementation

Further development of the WWW including the report of the president of CBS

Early implementation of Shipboard Navaid Sounding System

Agenda item

9.1

3.1.9

3.1.9

9.3

3.1.6

3 .• 1.1

Submitted by

Secretary-General

Members of the Typhoon Committee

Members of WMO-ESCAP panel on Tropical Cyclones. Bangladesh, Burma, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Canada

Doc. No.

87

88

89

90

91

1

2

3

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Staff matters

Social welfare officer

Meteorology and society

WMO and the assessment of possible consequences of the use of nuclear weapons to the atmosphere and the climate of the Earth


Duration of terms of. office of the Secretary-General


Assistance given by the U.S.S.R. to developing countries in the field of hydrometeorology

Agenda item

9.4

12

10.2

10.2

3.5 4.1

II. "PINK" series

First report of the Credentials Committee

1.5

Appointment of the Secretary-General 11.3

Questions concerning the Convention 10.1

Amendments to Article 13(c}

283

Submitted by

President of the Staff Association

German Democratic Republic

Canada, Denmark, FRG, France I Sweden

Secretary-General

Delegation from the U.S.S.R.

Chairman, Credentials Committee

President of WMO

President of WMO

284

Doc. No.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Second report of the Credentials Committee


Settlement of Long-outstanding Contributions

Report to plenary on item 9.3

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the organization


Co-operation with the united Nations and other organizations

co-operation and working arrangements with the United Nations and other organizations

Agenda item

1.5

9.3

11.1

11.1

6


Amendment to General Regulation 83

ADD. 1


REV. 1

11.2

Submitted by

Chairman, Credentials Committee

Chairman, Committee A

chairman, Nomination committee

Chairman, Nomination Committee



Chairman, Nomination Committee

Doc. No.

11

12

13

14

15

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Policy-making organs and executive management

Institutionalizing of the Bureau


REV. 1

Agenda item

5.1




REV. 1

Questions. concerning the Convention 10.1

Proposed change in the name of the Executive Colllllli ttee


REV. 1

Questions concerning the convention 10.1

Amendment to Article 14(f) of the convention



Amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the Convention


REV. 2

Submitted by


President of WMO



President of WMO

285

286

Doc. No.

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Ti tle Agenda item


REV. 1


Change of name from Malaya to Malaysia


REV. 1


REV. 1

Report by the President of the Organization

Report to plenary by Committee A on item 2.1

public information programme.


Financial report of the SecretaryGeneral


Financial matters

WMO building


11.1

2.1

5.4

9.1

9.2

Submitted by



President of WMO

Chairman, Committee. A

Chairman, Committee A·


C.hairman, Committee A

Dac. No.

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title


Report to plenary on item 9.3.1

Agenda item

9.3


Amendments to Regulations 128, 144, 152, 177 and 195


REV. 1


Duration of terms of office of the Secretary-General


REV. 1

Appointment of the Secretary-General 11.3

Publications programme



Financial matters

Establishment of the Financial Regulations for the ninth financial period


5.3

11.2

9.2

Submitted by




:President of WMO


President of WMO


287

288

Doc. No.

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Consolidated report on amendments to the rechnical Regulations


Agenda item

2.3

Marine meteorology, IGOSS and other 3.1.6 ocean-related activities, including the report of the president of CMM


CORR. 1

Conference programme

Report of Committee A on agenda item 5.2

Antarctic meteorology


Instruments and methods of observation, including the report of the president of CIMO'


5.2

3.6.2

3.1.8

Aviation meteorology (including the 3.1.7 report of,the president of CAeM)




REV. 1

Submitted by


Chairman, Committee B

chairman, Committee A

Chairman" Committee A


-chairman, Committee B


Doc. No.

37

38

39

40

41

42

·43

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme


World Climate Research Programme

The World Climate Applications Programme and the Agricultural Meteorology Programme (including the reports of the presidents of CCAM and CAgM)


REV. 1 REV. 2

World Climate Impact Studies Prograitime


World Climate Data Programme


World Climate programme

OVerall co-ordination


WMO satellite activities

Report to plenary by Committee B on item 3.1.10

Agenda item

3.4

3.2.4

3.2.1

3.2.3

3.2.2

3.2

3.l.10

Submitted by


chairman, Committee B

Chairman, committee B

chairman, commit-tee B


chairman, Committee B


289

290

Doc. No.

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

World Weather Watch Programme

Report to plenary by Commdttee B on item 3.1 (3.1.1 - 3.1.5)

Organization of the session



weather prediction research, including the report of the president of CAS

WMO Research Award for the Encouragement of Young Scientists


Meteorology and society

Report to plenary on item 12

Long-term plan for 1984-1993

Report to Committee B on item 7

Education and Training Programme


Weather modification research


Agenda item

3.1

(3.1.1 -3.1.5)

1

3.1.9

3.3.1

12

7

3.5

3.3.4

submitted by


President of WMO



President of WMO




Doc. No.

52

53

54

55

56

57

·58

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme



Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for the ninth financial period

Weather prediction research (including the report of the president of CAS)


Tropical meteorology


Agenda item

3.3.3

9.3

3.3.1

3.3.2


Amendment to Article 21




United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)


4.1

4.2

Submitted by








291

292

Doc .. No.

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title



Agenda item

4.4



Report on the review of the scientific_and technical structure and functioning of the Organization

Final report of the EC Panel


Regional activities, including the reports of presidents ,of regional associations


Secret~ry-General's contract·

Report to plenary on agenda item 9.5

Voluntary Co-operation Programme


Staff matters

Report to plenary on agenda item 9.4

2.2

3.6.1

9.5

4.3

9.4

Submitted by





Chairman, committee A·

Chairman, Commi.ttee A


Doc. No.

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Ti tIe Agenda item


Proposals by the Executive Committee



Amendments to General Regulations 109 and 110


Review of previous resolutions of Congress

Report to plenary A on item 10.3

World Climate Impact Studies Programme


Consolidated programme and budget 1984-1987

Report to plenary on agenda item 8

Place and date of Tenth Congress

Closure of session

IMO Lecture and scientific discussions

Report to plenary on item 13

10.3

3.2.3

8

14, 15

13

Submitted by

Chairman, Commi ttee A




President of WMO

President of WMO

President of WMO

293

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