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Transcript of WO 2015/021991 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
(19) World Intellectual PropertyOrganization
International Bureau(10) International Publication Number
(43) International Publication Date WO 2015/021991 Al19 February 2015 (19.02.2015) P O P C T
(51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,A 53/00 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR,
KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME,(21) International Application Number: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ,
PCT/DK20 14/050243 OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA,
(22) International Filing Date: SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM,
15 August 2014 (15.08.2014) TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM,ZW.
(25) Filing Language: English(84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
(26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
(30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ,
PA 2013 00470 16 August 2013 (16.08.2013) DK UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ,TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
(71) Applicant: CHEMINOVA A/S [DK/DK]; Thyboranvej EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, FT, LT, LU, LV,78, DK-7673 Harbo0re (DK). MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM,
TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,(72) Inventor: OTTESEN, Lars Korsgaard; Mimersvej 80,
KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).DK-7620 Lemvig (DK).
Declarations under Rule 4.17 :(74) Agents: RASMUSSEN, Torben Ravn et al; AwapatentA S, Rigensgade 11, DK-13 16 K0benhavn K (DK). — as to applicant's entitlement to apply for and be granted a
patent (Rule 4.1 7(H))(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, Published:AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, — with international search report (Art. 21(3))BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM,
(54) Title: COMBINATION OF 2-METHYLBIPHENYL-3-YLMETHYL (Z)-(lR)-CIS-3-(2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROP-l-ENYL)-2,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE WITH AT LEAST ONE INSECTICIDE, ACARICIDE, NEMATODE AND/OR FUNGICIDE.
¾ (57) Abstract: Presented are new pesticidal mixtures comprising 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-tri-fluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane- carboxylate and one or more of compound(s) (Π) which is an insecticide, acaricide,nematicide and/or fungicide. The invention relates also to methods and use of these mixtures for controlling harmful pests such as
¾ insects, arachnids, nematodes and fungi e.g. in and on plants, and for protecting such plants being infested with pests and also forprotecting seeds.
Combination of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(17?)-czs-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate with at least one
insecticide, acaricide, nematicide and/or fungicide.
Introduction
The invention relates to new pesticidal mixtures comprising a pyrethroid
compound (I) which is (2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-
3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) and one or
more compounds (II) chosen among insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and/or
fungicides. The invention relates also to a method and use of these mixtures for
controlling harmful pests (e.g. insects, arachnids, nematodes and fungi) e.g. in
and on plants and non-crops, and for protecting such plants being infested with
pests and also for protecting seeds.
Background
One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in the need to reduce
the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable
environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest
control.
Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control
agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests.
There also exists the need for pest control agents that combine knock-down
activity with prolonged control, that is, fast action with long lasting action.
Another difficulty in relation to the use of pesticides is that the repeated and
exclusive application of an individual pesticidal compound leads in many cases
to a rapid selection of pests which have developed natural or adapted resistance
against the active compound in question. Therefore there is a need for pest
control agents that help prevent or overcome resistance.
It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide pesticidal mixtures
which solves at least one of the discussed problems such as reducing the dosage
rate, enhancing the spectrum of activity or combining knock-down activity with
prolonged control or as to resistance management.
It has been found that this object is in part or in whole achieved by the
combination of active compounds defined at the outset. Moreover, it has been
found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of an active
compound (I) and one or more compounds (II) or successive application of an
active compound (I) and one or more compounds (II) allows enhanced control
of pests compared to the control rates that are possible with the individual
compounds.
The pesticidal active compound bifenthrin is a racemic mixture comprised of
mainly two isomers out of 8 possible due to the Z/E configuration on the vinyl
group and the two chiral centers on the cyclopropane ring (IRS, 3RS), i.e.
present in the molecule 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate. One of these 8
isomers being the compound (I). Bifenthrin is primarily a mixture of the two
compounds 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(17?)-czs-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate and 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. On a commercial scale, bifenthrin is
produced according to methods that provide such mixtures, and the single most
active isomer is not easily separated.
It is known that the pesticidal effect of bifenthrin is found primarily in one of the
isomers, i.e. compound (I), as described by Liu et al. in Toxicolgy 253 (2008)
pp. 89-96; in Chirality 17 (2005) pp 127-133; and in United States Defensive
Publication no. T 107001. One would expect that when combining bifenthrin
with another pesticide, the same combination would require approximately half
the amount of the most active isomer (i.e. compound (I)) to provide the same
pesticidal effect. However, it has now surprisingly been found that an improved
effect is observed when substituting bifenthrin (including any of the other
isomers) with the compound (I), preferably substantially free of any of the
others isomers of (2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3 -trifluoroprop-
l-enyl )-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. That is, it has been found that an
improved synergistic effect is present for pesticidal mixtures comprising the
compound (I) over same mixtures comprising bifenthrin.
The unexpected finding has important implications, both economical but also
environmental in that the pesticidal mixtures as herein described need only to be
applied at a lower dose and without the presence of potentially detrimental
isomers. It is a standard demand in crop protection to achieve an optimal effect
with active ingredients at the lowest dosage rate required while simultaneously
keeping the pollution of the environment as low as possible.
Description of the invention
The present invention relates to a mixture comprising compound (I) which is 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-( 1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3 -trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and one or more compound(s) (II) which
is either an insecticide, nematicide, acaricide or fungicide.
One aspect of the invention relates to a mixture comprising, as pesticidal active
ingredients, the compound (I) and just one other compound (II) which is an
insecticide, nematicide, acaricide or fungicide, i.e. a mixture containing the
compound (I) and one other compound (II) which is an insecticide, nematicide,
acaricide or fungicide as the sole active ingredients. Preferably the compound
(II) is an insecticide, nematicides or acaricide and most preferably an insecticide
or acaricide.
Another apect of the invention relates to a mixture comprising, as pesticidal
active ingredients, the compound (I) and just two other compounds (II) which
are selected among insecticides, nematicides, acaricides and/or fungicides, i.e. a
mixture containing the compound (I) and two other compounds (II) which are
selected among insecticides, nematicides, acaricides and/or fungicides as the
sole active ingredients. Preferably at least one of the two compound (II) is a
insecticide or an acaricide. More preferably the second of the two compounds
(II) is chosen among insecticides, nematicides or acaricides; with insecticides
and acaricides being of particular use. In another aspect the two compounds (II)
are both insecticides, nematicides, acaricides or fungicides, more preferably the
two compounds (II) are both insecticides, nematicides or acaricides and most
preferably the two compounds (II) are both insecticides or acaricides.
Compound (I) is preferably substantially free of any other isomer of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.
Preferably the mixture of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and
one or more compounds (II) is substantially free of any other isomer of
2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop- l-enyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.
More preferably the mixture of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and
one or more compounds (II) is substantially free of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-
ylmethyl (Z)-(lS )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.
With respect to the term "substantially free of any other isomer" as used herein,
it shall be understood that the composition contains a greater proportion or
percentage of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(17?)-czs-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, on a weight basis,
in relation to any other isomer of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-
3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, these
percentages being based on the total amount of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-
(2-chloro-3 ,3 ,3 -trifluoroprop- 1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
present.
In a preferred embodiment, the term "substantially free of any other isomer" as
used herein means that the composition contains at least 70% by weight of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-( 1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate, and 30% by weight or less of any of the
other isomers of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-
l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.
In a more preferred embodiment, the term "substantially free of any other
isomer" means that the composition contains at least 80% by weight of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-( 1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, and 20% by weight or less of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate or any other isomer.
In a still more preferred embodiment, the term "substantially free of any other
isomer" means that the composition contains at least 90% by weight of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-( 1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, and 10% by weight or less of 2-
methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-
2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate or any other isomer.
In an even more preferred embodiment, the term "substantially free of any other
isomer" means that the composition contains at least 91%, preferably at least
92%, more preferably 93% by weight of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl Z - IR)-
c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-
carboxylate in relation to 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS)-cz' -3-(2-chloro-
3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate or any other
isomer, even more preferably at least 94%, and most preferably at least 95%. In
a most preferred embodiment, the term "substantially free of any other isomer"
means that the composition contains at least 96%, preferably at least 97%, more
preferably at least 98% by weight of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-
3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate in
relation to 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS)-cz' -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate or any other isomer,
even more preferably at least 99%, and most preferably at least 99.5%.
To produce compound (I) (2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) on an
industrial scale it is desirable to find methods of making the final product that
avoid the use of expensive reagents and have as few chemical stages as possible.
A process for the preparation of compound (I) is provided comprising
a) chlorinating (Z)-(1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (compound A) to give (Z)-(1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-
3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride
(compound B) and
b) esterifying (Z)-(1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride (compound B) with the (2-methyl-[l,l'-
biphenyl]-3-yl)methanol (compound C).
(Z)-(1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (compound A) is a known compound and its
preparation is described for example in patent publication nos. US 4,683,089;
WO 02/06202; WO97/03941 and WO/9942432.
(2-methyl-[l,l'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methanol (compound C) is a known compound
and its preparation is described for example in CN 102603485 and CN 1935761.
Accordingly, the compound (I) may be produced as outlined in the below
reaction scheme:
Step a) is performed by standard techniques as in 'March 4th Edition - p .437-
38'. Preferred chlorinating agents are thionyl chloride, phosgene or phosphorous
oxychloride. Preferred solvents are hydrocarbons such as toluene, hexane,
heptane or fluorobenzene. Preferred temperatures are from ambient to 100 °C or
the boiling point of the solvent.
Step b) is performed in the presence of a solvent or in the absence of a solvent,
in which case the molten product can act as the reaction medium. The reaction
can be carried out in a single organic phase or in a mixture of a water
immiscible organic phase and an aqueous phase. The acid chloride, either neat
or in a solvent, may be added to the (2-methyl-[l,l'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methanol, or
the vice versa, but it is preferable to add the acid chloride to the (2-methyl-[l,l'-
biphenyl]-3-yl)methanol. The mol ratio of the reactants is preferably 1:1 but up
to 10 mol % excess of either reactant can be employed, but most preferably the
excess of one reactant over the other is 1-5 mol .
The reaction sequence can be performed step-wise, e.g. with isolation of the
acid-chloride (B) prior to reaction with compound (C), but overall the
compound (I) may also be prepared by a one-pot process, e.g. without isolation
of the intermediates.
The present invention relates therefore in one aspect to pesticidal mixtures
comprising as active compounds
1) A compound (I) which is 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,
preferably substantially free of any other isomer of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-
ylmethyl (17?S)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopro-
panecarboxylate
And
2) one or more further active ingredients (II) selected among compounds having
insecticidal, nematicidal and/or acaricidal activity, e.g. selected from the
following subgroups (1) to (29) (according to IRAC Mode-Of-Action
classification):
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors e.g. Carbamates such as alanycarb,
aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate,
furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl,
pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb,
XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates such as acephate,
azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos,
chlorfenvinphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl),
coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP,
dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion,
ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate,
heptenophos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)
salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos,
methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-
methyl, parathion (-methyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,
phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl), profenofos, propetamphos,
prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep,
tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos,
triclorfon, and vamidothion;
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists e.g. Organochlorines such as
chlordane, endosulfan (alpha-); or fiproles (phenylpyrazoles) such as
ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, and pyriprole;
(3) Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers
e.g. Pyrethroids such as acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans),
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin,
cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta-), cyhalothrin (gamma-, lambda-),
cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-
isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomers),
esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate,
flumethrin, fluvalinate (tau-), halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin,
permethrin, phenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin,
pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tefluthrin,
tetramethrin [(lR)-isomers)], tralomethrin, transfluthrin and ZXI 8901; or
DDT; or methoxychlor;
(4) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists e.g. Chloronicotinyls such as
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram,
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine;
(5) AUosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists) e.g. spinetoram and
spinosad;
(6) Chloride channel activators e.g. the avermectins/milbemycins including
abamectin, aversectin C, doramectin, emamectin(-benzoate), eprinomectin,
ivermectin, lepimectin, selamectin, moxidectin and milbemectin;
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene,
fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen;
(8) gassing agents including methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or
chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; borax; tartar emetic;
(9) Selective homopteran feeding blockers such as pymetrozine or flonicamid;
(10) Mite growth inhibitors e.g. lofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox,
etoxazole;
(11) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes e.g. Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT crop
proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb,
Cry34/35Abl;
(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase e.g. diafenthiuron; or organotin
miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin oxide; or
propargite; tetradifon;
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton
gradient including Chlorfenapyr, and DNOC;
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as bensultap,
cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, and thiosultap- sodium;
(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, e.g. Benzoylureas such as
bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron,
hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron,
teflubenzuron, and triflumuron;
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 e.g. buprofezin;
(17) Moulting disruptors e.g. Cyromazine;
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists/disruptors e.g. Diacylhydrazines such as
chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide;
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists e.g. amitraz;
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors e.g.
hydramethylnon, acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim;
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors e.g. METI
acaricides such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben,
tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris);
(22)Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers e.g. indoxacarb or
metaflumizone;
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase e.g. Tetronic acid derivatives such
as spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid derivatives such as
spirotetramat;
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron inhibitors e.g. Phosphines such as
aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, and zinc phosphide
or cyanide;
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors e.g. Cyenopyrafen;
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators e.g. diamides such as flubendiamide,
chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr), 3-bromo-N-
{2-bromo-4-chloro-6- [(1-cyclopropylethyl) carbamoyl]phenyl }-1-(3 -
chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide and methyl 2-[3,5-
dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-0-lH-pyrazol-5-
yl]carbonyl }amino)benzoyl] -1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate;
(29) azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, chinomethionat,
cryolite, cyflumetofen, dicofol, fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-
trifluorobut-3-en-l-yl)sulfonyl]-l,3-thiazole), flufenerim, pyridalyl, and
pyrifluquinazon ;
in synergistically effective amounts.
In a preferred embodiment the invention relates to pesticidal mixtures
comprising as active compounds
1) A compound (I) which is 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,
preferably substantially free of any other isomer of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-
ylmethyl (17?S)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopro-
panecarboxylate
and
2) one or more further active ingredients (II) selected from the group consisting
of
abamectin, acequinocyl, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyraben,
alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, allethrin, p -cypermethrin, aluminium
phosphide, amitraz, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azocyclotin,
Bacillus firmus, Bacillus sphaericus, fi cz thuringiensis (including susp.),
bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzoximate, bephenium, betacyfluthrin,
beto-cypermethrin, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-
cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, borax, BPMC, brofenprox,
bromophos, bromopropylate, brotianide, bufencarb, buprofezin, butamisole,
butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, butylpyridaben, cadusafos, calcium phosphide,
cambendazole, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap
hydrochloride , chinomethionat, chloethocarb, chlorantraniliprole, chlordane,
chlorfenapyr, chloroethoxyfos, chlorofenvinphos, chlorofluazuron,
chloromephos, chloropicrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide,
cis-resmethrin, clocythrin, clofentezine, clorsulon, closantel, clothianidin,
cryolite, coumaphos, cyanide, cyantraniliprole, cyanophos, cyclaniliprole,
cycloprothrin, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin,
cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyromazine, d-cis-trans allethrin, deltamethrin,
DDT, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, diamphenethide, dibromosalan,
dichlorophen, 1,3-dichloroprene, difenthiuron, diazinon, dichlofenthion,
dichlorvos, dicliphos, dicofol, dicrotophos, diethion, diethylcarbamazine,
diflovidazin, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, dimethyl disulphide, dimethylvinphos,
dinotefuran, dioxathion, disulfoton, DNOC, d-trans allethrin, edifenphos,
endosulfan, emamectin(-benzoate), empenthrin, EPN, epsiprantel, esfenvalerate,
ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethofenprox, ethoprop, ethoprophos, etoxazole,
etrimphos, famphur, febantel, fenamiphos, fenbendazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin
oxide, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin,
fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin,
flonicamid, fluacrypyrim, fluazuron, flubendazole, flubendiamide,
flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, flufiprole, flumethrin,
fluopyram, fluvalinate, flupyradifurone, fonophos, formetanate, formothion,
fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb, furfural, gamma-cyhalothrin, halfenprox,
halofenozide, haloxon, heptafluthrin, heptenophos, Heterorhabtlitis
bacteriophora, hexaflumuron, hexachlorophene, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon,
hydroprene, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, iprobenfos,
isazophos, isofenfox, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isopropyl-O-salicylate, isoxathion,
ivermectin, kadethrin, kinoprene, lambda-cyhalothrin, lepimectin, levamisole,
lufenuron, malathion, mebendazole, mecarbam, mevinphos, mesulfenphos,
metaflumizone, metaldehyde, metam sodium, metam potassium, methacrifos,
methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoxychlor,
methoxyfenozide, methyl bromide, methyridine, metolcarb, mevinphos,
milbemectin, momfluorothrin, monocrotophos, morantel, Myrothecium
verrucaria strains, naled, netobimin, niclopholan, niclosamide, nicotine,
nitenpyram, nitroxynil, novaluron, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxamyl,
oxfendazole, oxibendazole, oxyclozanide, oxydemethon-M, oxydeprofos,
parathion A, parathion M, parbendazol, Pasteuria spp., permethrin,
phenothiazine, phenothrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,
phosphorodithioate, phosphamidon, phosphine, phostebupirim, phoxim,
piperonyl butoxide, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl, prallethrin, praziquantel,
profenofos, promecarb, propargite, propaphos, propetamphos, propoxur,
prothiofos, prothoate, pyflubumide, pymetrozine, pyrachlophos, pyrantel,
pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyresmethrin, pyrethrum, pyridaben, pyrimidifen,
pyriproxyfen, quinalphos, rafoxanide, resmethrin, ronnel, rotenone,
dioxabenzophos (salithion), Saponins of Quillaja saponaria, sebufos,
silafluofen, spinosad, spinetoram, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetratmat,
Steinernema scapterisci strains, Steinernema feltiae, Steninernema kraussei,
sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfuramid, sulfuryl floride, sulprofos, tasmanone, tatar
emetic, taa-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimiphos,
tellubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, terbam, terbufos, tetradifon, tetra-
chlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramisole, thenium, i/zeta-cypermethrin,
thiabendazole, thiacloprid, thiafenox, thiamethoxam, thiocyclam, thiodicarb,
thiofanox, thiomethon, thionazin, thiophanate, thiosultap- sodium, thuringiensin,
tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triarathen, triazamate, triazophos,
triazuron, trichlorfon, triclabendazole, triflumuron, trimethacarb, vamidothion,
XMC, xylylcarb, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc phosphide, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus
sphaericus, fi cz thuringiensis (including susp.), Heterorhabtlitis
bacteriophora, Myrothecium verrucaria strains, Pasteuria spp., Saponins of
Quillaja saponaria, Steinernema scapterisci strains, and Steinernema feltiae,
Steninernema kraussei;
in synergistically effective amounts.
Table 1: mixtures of particular interest:
I + aldicarb I + alanycarb I + nitenpyram I + thiaclopridI + benfuracarb I + carbaryl I + thiamethoxam I + spinosadI + butocarboxim I + butoxycarboxim I + spinetoram I + abamectinI + carbofuran I + carbosulfan I + emamectin benzo. I + ipimectinI + formetanate I + triazamate I + milbemectin I + lepimectinI + methiocarb I + methomyl I + kinoprene I + hydropreneI + oxamyl I + primicarb I + pyriproxyfen I + fenoxycarbI + propoxur I + thiodicarb I + fenbutatin oxide I + diafenthiuronI + acephate I + azamethiphos I + chlorfenapyr I + propargiteI + azinphos-ethyl I + azinphos-methyl I + diflubenzuron I + bistrifluronI + chlorfenvinphos I + chlorpyrifos I + hexaflumuron I + flufenoxuronI + chlorpyrifos-Me I + demeton-S-Me I + novaluron I + lufenuronI + coumaphos I + ethoprophos I + chlorfluazuron I + flucycloxuronI + diazinon I + dichlorvos I + noviflumuron I + triflumuronI + dicrotophos I + dimethoate I + penfluron I + teflubenzuronI + disulfoton I + ethion I + halofenozide I + methoxyfenozideI + EPN I + famphur I + azadirachtin I + tebufenozideI + imicyafos I + isopropyl-O-salic. I + tolfenpyrad I + pyridabenI + fenitrothion I + fenthion I + fanazaquin I + fenpyroximateI + isoxathion I + malathion I + tebufenpyrad I + pyrimidinI + methamidaphos I + methidathion I + indoxacarb I + flufenerimI + mevinphos I + monocrotophos I + spirodiclofen I + metaflumizoneI + oxymethoate I + oxydemeton-Me I + spirotetramat I + spiromesifenI + parathion I + parathion-Me I + amitraz I + amidoflumetI + phenthoate I + phorate I + clofentezine I + bifenazateI + phosalone I + phosmet I + cyflumetofen I + cyenopyrafenI + phosphamidon I + pirimiphos-Me I + flonicamid I + etoxazoleI + quinalphos I + terbufos I + flupyrazophos I + flubendiamineI + tetra-chlorvinphos I + triazophos I + piperonyl butoxide I + hexythiazoxI + trichlorfon I + acetoprole I + pyridalyl I + pymetrozineI + propetamphos I +chlordane I + chlorantraniliprole I + pyrifluquinazonI + ethiprole I + fipronil I + acequinocyl I + Al-phosphideI + pyrafluprole I + pyriprole I + benzoximate I + boraxI + vaniliprole I + allethrin I + calcium phosphide I + chinomethionateI + gamma-cyhalothrin I + cyfluthrin I + chloroethoxyfos I + cryoliteI + lambda-cyhalothrin I + cypermethrin I + cyantraniliprole I + cyclaniliproleI + alpha-cypermethrin I + beta-cypermethrin I + flufiprole I + flubendiamideI + zeta-cypermethrin I + deltamethrin I + DDT I + dicofolI + esfenvalerate I + etofenprox I + diflovidazin I +DNOCI + fenpropathrin I + fenvalerate I + furfural I + fluacrypyrimI + flucythrinate I + tau-fluvalinate I + hydramethylnon I + methoxychlorI + permethrin I + silafluofen I + methyl bromide I + phosphineI + bioallethrin I + d-cis-tra. allethrin I + rotenone I + dioxabenzofosI + d-trans allethrin I + resmethrin I + sulfoxaflor I + sulfuryl fluorideI + bioresmethrin I + cyphenothrin I + tetradifon I + flometoquinI + -cypermethrin I + flumethrin I + pyflubumide I + afidopyrabenI + empenthrin I + imiprothrin I + tasmanone I + flupyradifurone
I + halfenprox I + phenothrin I + tefluthrin I + Bacillussphaericus
I + kadethrin I + tetramethrin I + Bacillus firmus I + Heterorhabtlitisbacteriophora
I + prallethrin I + transfluthrin I + Bacillus I + Pasteuria spp.thuringiensis
I + heptafluthrin I + momfluorothrin I + Myrothecium I + Steinernemaverrucaria strains scapterisci strains
I + tralomethrin I + nicotine I + Saponins of I + SteninernemaQuillaja saponaria kraussei
I + cartap I + thiocyclam I + dinotefuran I + Steinernemafeltiae
I + acetamiprid I + chlothianidin I + imidacloprid I + chloropicriniI + chlorethoxyfos I + ethoprop I + isofenfox I + temephosI + naled I + oxydeprofos I + phostebupirim I + phoximI + profenofos I + ronnel
More preferred are the combinations of the compound (I) with one or more
compounds selected among: Organophosphates such as acephate, azamethiphos,
azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos,
chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos,
demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate,
dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos,
fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-
(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam,
methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate,
oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone,
phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl), profenofos,
propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep,
tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos,
triclorfon, and vamidothion - and especially selected among chlorpyrifos,
chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate or malathion; Phenylpyrazoles such as
ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, and pyriprole - and especially fipronil or
ethiprole; Pyrethroids such as acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans),
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin,
cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta-), cyhalothrin (gamma-, lambda-), cypermethrin
(alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin,
dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomers), esfenvalerate, etofenprox,
fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate (tau-),
halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(lR)-trans-
isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen,
tefluthrin, tetramethrin [(lR)-isomers)], tralomethrin, transfluthrin - and
especially selected among bifenthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-
cyhalothrin and tefluthrin; Chloronicotinyls such as acetamiprid, clothianidin,
dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam - and
especially selected among acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and
thiamethoxam; Avermectins such as abamectin, aversectin C, doramectin,
emamectin(-benzoate), eprinomectin, ivermectin, lepimectin and selamectin -
especially selected among abamectin and emmamectin-benzoate;
Diacylhydrazines such as chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and
tebufenozide - and especially methoxyfenozide; Spinosyns - especially selected
among spinosad and spinetoram; Juvenile hormone mimics such as hydroprene,
kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen - and especially
pyriproxyfen; Benzoylureas especially selected among bistrifluron,
chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron,
lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron -
especially selected among lufenuron and novaluron; and Ryanodine receptor
modulators especially selected among flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and
cyantraniliprole.
The present invention also provides methods and uses for the control of insects,
arachnids or nematodes comprising the exposure of the insect, arachnid, or
nematode or their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of the active compound I with at least
one active compound II.
The mixtures of the active compounds I and II, or the active compounds I and II
used simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, exhibit outstanding action
against pests from the following orders:
Insects from the order of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), for example Agrotis
ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis,
Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia
murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana,
Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus
pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus
lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria
mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera,
Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria,
Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lamb-
dina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella,
LithocoUetis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria
dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra
brassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea,
Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea
operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella
xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scrobipalpula
absoluta, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda,
Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix
viridana, Trichoplusia ni and Zeiraphera canadensis, beetles (Coleoptera), for
example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallus
solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum,
Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-
phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum,
Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata,
Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema
tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica
longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata Diabrotica
speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis,
Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera
postica, lps typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa
decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus
communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha
melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus,
Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga
sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia
japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sitophilus granaria, flies, mosquitoes (Diptera),
e.g. Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, Anastrepha ludens,
Anopheles maculipennis, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles
gambiae, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles leucosphyrus, Anopheles minimus,
Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya
bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis,
Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia
sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culex pipiens, Culex
nigripalpus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta
melanura, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique,
Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia
canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina
morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides,
Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura,
Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii,
Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia
titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Muscina
stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Opomyza florum, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami,
Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes,
Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psorophora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum,
Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis,
Sarcophaga spp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus,
Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and
Tipula paludosa thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti,
Dichromothrips ssp., Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella
tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, termites
(Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Heterotermes
aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes
lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Termes natalensis,
and Coptotermes formosanus, cockroaches (Blattaria-Blattodea), e.g. Blattella
germanica, Blattella asahinae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica,
Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuligginosa, Periplaneta australasiae, and Blatta
orientalis, bugs, aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, scale insects, cicadas
(Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus,
Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps,
Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus
pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor,
Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae,
Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis
schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum,
Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus
helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne
brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii,
Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis
radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri,
Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum
avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae,
Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzus persicae, Myzus
ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata
lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla
mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis,
Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis
mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex
lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus
critatus. ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta
cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta
sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa
testudinea, Lasius niger, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata,
Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex
barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasymutilla
occidentalis, Bombus spp., Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris,
Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata,
Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema
humile, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica,
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus
femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus
spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca
gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus
senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria
angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana
pardalina, arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families
Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum,
Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus
annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum,
Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes
ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes
pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodorus turicata,
Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis,
Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi,
Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyl-
locoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as
Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such
as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus,
Tetranychus kan- zawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and
Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus cirri, and Oligonychus
pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxosceles reclusa, fleas
(Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla
cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus, silverfish,
firebrat (Thysanura), e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica,
centipedes (Chilopoda), e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata, millipedes (Diplopoda), e.g.
Narceus spp., earwigs (Dermaptera), e.g. forficula auricularia, lice
(Phthiraptera), e.g. Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis,
Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus
vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and
Solenopotes capillatus. Plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes,
Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua,
Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other
Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera
pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae,
Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other
Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and
other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi,
Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other
Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and
other Belonolaimus species; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and
other Bursaphelenchus species; ring nematodes, Criconema species,
Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, and Mesocriconema species; stem
and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus
myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; awl nematodes, Dolichodorus
species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus
multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species, Rotylenchus robustus and other
Rotylenchus species; sheath nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and
Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes,
Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species;
false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species;
needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin
nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus,
Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi,
Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri,
Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species;
Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other Radinaphelenchus species; burrowing
nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniform
nematodes, Rotylenchulus reniformis and other Rotylenchulus species;
Scutellonema species; stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other
Trichodorus species; Paratrichodorus minor and other Paratrichodorus species;
stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and
other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes,
Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; dagger nematodes,
Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and
other Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species.
The mixtures of the present invention are also suitable for being used for
controlling harmful pests (e.g. parasites) in and on animals, especially for
controlling ecto-parasites on animals.
An object of the present invention is therefore also to provide new methods to
control harmful parasites in and on animals. Another object of the invention is to
provide safer pesticides for animals. Another object of the invention is further to
provide pesticides for animals that may be used in lower doses than existing
pesticides. Yet another object of the invention is to provide pesticides for
animals, which provide a long residual control of the parasites.
The invention also relates to compositions containing a pesticidal effective
amount of a compound (I) in mixture with one or more compound (II) in
combination with an acceptable carrier, for controlling pests, such as parasites,
in and on animals.
The present invention also provides a method for treating, controlling,
preventing and protecting animals against infestation and infection by harmful
pests including parasites, which comprises orally, topically or parenterally
administering or applying to the animals a parasiticidally effective amount of
mixture of the present invention or a composition comprising it.
The present invention also relates to the use of a mixture of the present
invention or a composition comprising it for treating, controlling, preventing
and protecting animals against infestation and infection by harmful pests
including parasites, said use comprise administering or applying a parasiticidally
effective amount of said mixture orally, topically or parenterally to the animals.
The invention also provides a process for the preparation of a composition for
treating, controlling, preventing or protecting animals against infestation or
infection by harmful pests, such as parasites, which comprises a pesticidal
effective amount of a mixture of the present invention or a composition
comprising it.
Activity of compounds against agricultural pests does not suggest their
suitability for control of endo- and ectoparasites in and on animals which
requires, for example, low, non-emetic dosages in the case of oral application,
metabolic compatibility with the animal, low toxicity, and a safe handling.
Surprisingly it has now been found that mixtures of the present invention are
suitable for controlling endo- and ecto-parasites in and on animals, and,
especially for controlling ecto-parasites on animals.
Mixtures of the present invention and compositions comprising them are
preferably used for controlling and preventing infestations and infections in
animals including warmblooded animals (including humans) and fish. They are
for example suitable for controlling and preventing infestations and infections in
mammals such as cattle, sheep, swine, camels, deer, horses, pigs, rabbits, goats,
dogs and cats, water buffalo, donkeys, fallow deer and reindeer and also in fur-
bearing animals such as mink, chinchilla and raccoon; birds and poultry such as
hens, geese, turkeys and ducks; and fish such as fresh- and salt-water fish such
as trout, carp and eels.
Mixtures of the present invention and compositions comprising them are
preferably used for controlling and preventing infestations and infections in
domestic animals, such as dogs or cats.
Infestations in warm-blooded animals and fish include, but are not limited to,
lice, biting lice, ticks, nasal bots, keds, biting flies, muscoid flies, flies, myiasitic
fly larvae, chiggers, gnats, mosquitoes and fleas.
The mixtures of the present invention and compositions comprising them are
suitable for systemic and/or non-systemic control of ecto- and/or endoparasites.
They are active against all or some stages of development.
The mixture of the present invention is especially useful for controlling parasites
of the following orders and species, respectively:
Fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis,
Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus;
cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinae,
Pe-riplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta
fuligginosa, Periplaneta australasiae, and Blatta orientalis; flies, mosquitoes
(Diptera), e.g. Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, Anastrepha
ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles albimanus,
Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles leucosphyrus, Anopheles
minimus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya bezziana,
Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops
silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Cordylobia
anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culex pipiens, Culex nigripalpus, Culex
quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura,
Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina
morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides,
Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hypoderma
lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata,
Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia spp., Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans,
Oestrus ovis, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora
discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp.,
Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus,
Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis; lice (Phthiraptera), e.g. Pediculus
humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus
eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon
gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus; ticks and parasitic
mites (Parasitiformes): ticks (Ixodida), e.g. Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus,
Ixodes pacificus, Rhiphicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor andersoni,
Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum, Ambryomma maculatum,
Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodorus turicata and parasitic mites (Mesostigmata),
e.g. Omithonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssus gallinae, Actinedida (Prostigmata) and
Acaridida (Astigmata) e.g. Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia
spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp.,
Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes
spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes
spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., and Laminosioptes
spp; bugs (Heteropterida): Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius
senilis, Triatoma spp., Rhodnius ssp., Panstrongylus ssp. and Arilus critatus;
Anoplurida, e.g. Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus
spp., and Solenopotes spp.; Mallophagida (suborders Arnblycerina and
Ischnocerina), e.g. Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola
spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Trichodectes spp., and Felicola spp;
roundworms Nematoda: Wipeworms and Trichinosis (Trichosyringida), e.g.
Trichinellidae (Trichinella spp.), (Trichuridae) Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp.;
Pvhabditida, e.g. Rhabditis spp., Strongyloides spp., Helicephalobus spp.;
Strongylida, e.g. Strongylus spp., Ancylostoma spp., Necator americanus,
Bunostomum spp. (Hookworm), Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus contortus.,
Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp., Nematodirus spp., Dictyocaulus spp.,
Cyathostoma spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Stephanurus dentatus, Ollulanus
spp., Chabertia spp., Stephanurus dentatus, Syngamus trachea, Ancylostoma
spp., Uncinaria spp., Globocephalus spp., Necator spp., Metastrongylus spp.,
Muellerius capillaris, Protostrongylus spp., Angiostrongylus spp.,
Parelaphostrongylus spp., Aleuro strongylus abstrusus, and Dioctophyma renale;
Intestinal roundworms (Ascaridida), e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum,
Ascaridia galli, Parascaris equorum, Enterobius vermicularis (Threadworm),
Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine, Skrjabinema spp. and Oxyuris equi;
Camallanida, e.g. Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm); Spirurida, e.g.
Thelazia spp., Wuchereria spp., Brugia spp., Onchocerca spp., Dirofilari spp.,
Dipetalonema spp., Setaria spp., Elaeophora spp., Spirocerca lupi and
Habronema spp.; Thorny headed worms (Acanthocephala), e.g.
Acanthocephalus spp., Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and Oncicola spp;
Planarians (Plathelminthes): Flukes (Trematoda), e.g. Faciola spp., Fascioloides
magna, Paragonimus spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Fasciolopsis buski, Clonorchis
sinensis, Schistosoma spp., Trichobilharzia spp., Alaria alata, Paragonimus spp.,
and Nanocyetes spp.; Cercomeromorpha, in particular Cestoda (Tapeworms),
e.g. Diphyllobothrium spp., Tenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Dipylidium
caninum, Multiceps spp., Hymenolepis spp., Mesocestoides spp., Vampirolepis
spp., Moniezia spp., Anoplocephala spp., Sirometra spp., Anoplocephala spp.,
and Hymenolepis spp..
In a second aspect of the invention, there are provided pesticidal mixtures
comprising as active compounds
1) A compound (I) which is 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lR)-cis-3-(2-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,
preferably substantially free of any other isomer of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-
ylmethyl (17?S)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopro-
5 panecarboxylate
and
least one fungicidal compound (II) selected from the following
10 II. 1) methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides;
II.2) dicarboximide fungicides;
II.3) demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides;
II.4) phenylamide fungicides;
II.5) amine/morpholine fungicides;
15 II.6) phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides;
II.7) carboxamide fungicides;
II.8) hydroxy (2-amino -)pyrimidine fungicides ;
II.9) anilinopyrimidine fungicides;
11.10) N-phenyl carbamate fungicides;
20 11.11) quinone outside inhibitor (Qol) fungicides;
11.12) phenylpyrrole fungicides;
11.13) quinoline fungicides;
11.14) lipid peroxidation inhibitor fungicides;
11.15) melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-reductase (MBI-R) fungicides;
25 11.16) melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-dehydratase (MBI-D) fungicides;
11.17) hydroxy anilide fungicides;
11.18) squalene-epoxidase inhibitor fungicides;
11.19) polyoxin fungicides;
11.20) phenylurea fungicides;
30 11.21) quinone inside inhibitor (Qil) fungicides;
11.22) benzamide fungicides;
enopyranuronic acid antibiotic fungicides;
hexopyranosyl antibiotic fungicides;
glucopyranosyl antibiotic: protein synthesis fungicides;
glucopyranosyl antibiotic: trehalase and inositol biosynthesis fungicides;
cyanoacetamideoxime fungicides;
carbamate fungicides;
oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling fungicides;
organo tin fungicides;
carboxylic acid fungicides;
heteroaromatic fungicides;
phosphonate fungicides;
phthalamic acid fungicides;
benzotriazine fungicides;
benzene-sulfonamide fungicides;
pyridazinone fungicides;
thiophene-carboxamide fungicides;
pyrimidinamide fungicides;
carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides;
tetracycline antibiotic fungicides;
thiocarbamate fungicides;
benzamide fungicides;
host plant defense induction fungicides;
multi-site contact activity fungicides;
in a synergistically effective amount.
In particular the at least one fungicidal compound (II) is selected from the
following groups:
A) azoles, in particular: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
difenoconazole, diniconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, flutriafol,
fluquinconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole,
ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, penconazole,
propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyrisoxazole, simeconazole, triadimefon,
triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate,
imazalil, triflumizole, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole,
fuberidazole, ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole;
B) strobilurins, in particular: azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin,
dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl,
metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin,
pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, pyraoxystrobin, fenamidone, famoxadone, or
pyribencarb;
C) carboxamides, in particular: carboxin, benalaxyl, benodanil, boscalid,
fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine, flutolanil, furalaxyl, furametpyr,
isofetamid, isotranil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace,
oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, pyrimorph, thifluzamide, tiadinil, bixafen,
dimethomorph, flumorph, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide,
carpropamid, diclocymet, mandipropamid, isopyrazam, fluxapyroxad, sedaxane,
penflufen, fluopyram;
D) heterocylic compounds, in particular: fluazinam, pyrifenox, bupirimate,
cyprodinil, fenarimol, ferimzone, mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil,
triforine, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, aldimorph, chloozolinate, dimethirimol,
dodemorph, ethirimol, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione,
piperalin. procymidone, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone,
probenazole, pyrisoxazole, amisulbrom, anilazine, diclomezine, pyroquilon,
proquinazid, tricyclazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, captan, dazomet,
folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen;
E) carbamates, in particular: mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, ferbam,
propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, benthiavalicarb, diethofencarb, iodocarb,
iprovalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb, methasulfocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb,
pyributicarb, valifenalate; and
F) other active compounds, selected from guanidines: dodine, iminoctadine and
guazatine; antibiotics: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, streptomycin,
oxytetracycline, polyoxin and validamycin; nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl,
dinocap, dinobuton and meptyldinocap; sulfur-containing heterocyclyl
compounds: dithianon and isoprothiolane; organometal compounds: fentin salts,
such as fentin-acetate, chloride or hydroxide; organophosphorus compounds:
edifenphos, iprobenfos, fosetyl, fosetyl-AL, phosphorous acid and its salts,
pyrazophos and tolclofos-methyl; organochlorine compounds: biphenyl,
chloroneb, dicloran, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, flusulfamide,
hexachlorobenzene, phthalide, pencycuron, quintozene, tecnazene, thiophanate-
methyl and tolylfluanid; inorganic active compounds: Bordeaux mixture, copper
acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate and sulfur;
others: cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl,
metrafenone, flutianil, pyriofenone, bupirimate and spiroxamine; Bacillus
spp.: B. subtilis and B amyloliquefaciens; plant extracts: Melaleuca alternifolia;
in a synergistically effective amount.
The synergistic effect provided is both in respect of insecticidal, acaricidal,
nematicidal effect and fungicidal effect.
Table 2 : Mixtures of particular interest:
I + bitertanol I + bromuconazole I + isopyrazam I + fluxapyroxadI + cyproconazole I + difenoconazole I + sedaxane I + penflufenI + diniconazole I + enilconazole I + flumetover I + penflufenI + epoxiconazole I + fluquinconazole I + fluopyram I + benzovindiflupyrI + fenbuconazole I + flusilazole I + fluazinam I + pyrifenoxI + flutriafol I + hexaconazole I + cyprodinil I + fenarimolI + imibenconazole I + ipconazole I + ferimzone I + mepanipyrimI + metconazole I + myclobutanil I + nuarimol I + pyrimethanilI + penconazole I + propiconazole I + triforine I + fenpiclonilI + prothioconazole I + simeconazole I + fludioxonil I + aldimorphI + oxpoconazole I + pyrisoxazole I + dodemorph I + fenpropimorphI + triadimefon I + triadimenol I + tridemorph I + fenpropidinI + tebuconazole I + tetraconazole I + iprodione I + procymidoneI + triticonazole I + prochloraz I + vinclozolin; I + famoxadoneI + pefurazoate I + imazalil I + fenamidone I + octhilinoneI + triflumizole I + cyazofamid I + probenazole; I + amisulbromI + benomyl I + carbendazim I + anilazine I + diclomezineI + thiabendazole I + fuberidazole I + pyroquilon I + proquinazidI + ethaboxam I + etridiazole I + tricyclazole I + acibenzolar-S-MeI + hymexazole I + azoxystrobin I + captafol I + captanI + dimoxystrobin I + enestroburin I + dazomet I + folpet
I + fluoxastrobin I + kresoxim-methyl I + fenoxanil I + quinoxyfenI + metominostrobin I + orysastrobin I + bupirimate I + chloozolinateI + picoxystrobin I + pyraclostrobin I + dimethirimol I + ethirimolI + benzothiostrobin I + coumethoxystrobin I + piperalin I + pyrisoxazoleI + coumoxystrobin I + enoxastrobin I + mancozeb I + manebI + fenaminstrobin I + flufenoxystrobin I + metam I + metiramI + mandestrobin I + pyrametostrobin I + ferbam I + propinebI + pyriministrobin I + triclopyricarb I + thiram I + zinebI + pyraoxystrobin I + fenamidone I + ziram I + diethofencarbI + famoxadone I + pyribencarb I + iprovalicarb I + flubenthiavalicarbI + trifloxystrobin I + carboxin I + benthiavalicarb I + iodocarbI + benalaxyl I + boscalid I + methasulfocarb I + prothiocarbI + fenhexamid I + flutolanil I + pyributicarb I + valifenalateI + furametpyr I + mepronil I + Propamocarb I + dodineI + metalaxyl I + mefenoxam I + iminoctadine I + benthiavalicarbI + ofurace I + oxadixyl I + streptomycin I + polyoxineI + oxycarboxin I + penthiopyrad I + binapacryl I + dinocapI + thifluzamide I + tiadinil I + dinobuton I + dithianonI + dimethomorph I + flumorph I + isoprothiolane I + fentin-acetateI + fluopicolid I + zoxamide I + edifenphos I + iprobenfosI + diclocymet I + mandipropamid I + fosetyl I + fosetyl-aluminumI + benodanil I + fenfuram I + phosphorous acid I + pyrazophosI + fenpyrazamine I + furalaxyl I + tolclofos-methyl I + chlorothalonilI + isofetamid I + isotranil I + dichlofluanid I + flusulfamideI + kiralaxyl I + pyrimorph I + hexachlorobenzene I + phthalideI + bixafen I + carpropamid I + pencycuron I + quintozeneI + guazatine I + blasticidin-S I + thiophanate-methyl I + tolylfluanidI + kasugamycin I + oxytetracycline I + Bordeaux mixture I + copper acetateI + validamycin I + meptyldinocap I + copper hydroxide I + Cu-oxychlorideI + biphenyl I + chloroneb I + copper sulfate I + cyflufenamidI + dicloran I + chlorothalonil I + cymoxanil I + dimethirimolI + dichlofluanid I + flusulfamide I + ethirimol I + flutianilI + tecnazene I + pyriofenone I + metrafenone I + spiroxamineI + bupirimate I + oxathiapiprolin
The mixtures of a compound (I) and a compound (II) or the simultaneous, that is
joint or separate, use of a compound (I) and a compound (II) are distinguished
by being highly active against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, in
particular from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes,
Peronosporomycetes and Basidiomycetes. The mixtures act systemically,
translaminar or through contact and can be used in crop protection as foliar
fungicides, as fungicides for seed dressing and as soil-acting fungicides.
Advantageously, the mixtures comprising one or more fungicides are suitable
for controlling the following plant diseases:
Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and
sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis), Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on
vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice,
soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solani or A.
alternata) and wheat, Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables,
Ascochyta species on cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on
wheat and A. hordei on barley, Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (Teleomorph:
Cochliobolus spp.) on corn (e.g. D. maydis), cereals (e.g. B. sorokiniana: spot
blotch), rice (e.g. B. oryzae) and turfs, Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis
(powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley), Botrytis cinerea
(teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g.
strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape,
flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat, Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on
lettuce, Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees
and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms, Cercospora spp.
(Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar beets (e. g . C. beticola), sugar cane,
vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice,
Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C.
herba-rum (black ear) on wheat, Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals,
Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on
corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice
(e.g. C. miy- abeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae), Colletotrichum (teleomorph:
Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C.
graminicola), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C.
lindemuthianum) and soybeans (e.g. C. truncatum), Corticium spp., e.g. C.
sasakii (sheath blight) on rice, Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans
and ornamentals, Cycloconium spp., e.g. C. oleaginum on olive trees,
Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph:
Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph:
Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals, Dematophora
(teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans, Diaporthe
spp., e.g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans, Drechslera (syn.
Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as
barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice
and turf, Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn.
Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier
Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or
Botryosphaeria obtusa, Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri), soft fruits (E.
veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose), Entyloma oryzae
(leaf smut) on rice, Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat, Erysiphe spp.
(powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi), such as
cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, rape (e.g. E. cruciferarum), Eutypa
lata (Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella
blepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods, Exserohilum (syn.
Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum), Fusarium (teleomorph:
Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) on various plants, such as F.
graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g.
wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani on soybeans and F.
verticillioides on corn, Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (e.g.
wheat or barley) and corn, Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g.
G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease), Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and
other plants and G. gossypii on cotton, Grainstaining complex on rice,
Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines, Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous
plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae (rust) on pears, Helminthosporium spp. (syn.
Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice, Hemileia spp.,
e.g. Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee, lsariopsis clavispora (syn.
Cladosporium vitis) on vines, Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root
and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton, Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale
(pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), Micro sphaera diffusa
(powdery mildew) on soybeans, Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and
M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other
rosaceous plants, Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and
ground nuts, such as e.g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria
blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (black Sigatoka disease) on bananas,
Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), rape (e.g. P.
parasitica), onions (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (e.g.
P. manshurica), Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on
soybeans, Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (e.g. P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora)
and soybeans (e.g. P. gregata: stem rot), Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on
rape and cabbage and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar
beets, Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e. g . P. viticola: can and leaf spot)
and soybeans (e.g. stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum),
Physorma maydis (brown spots) on corn, Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root, leaf,
fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e.g. P.
capsici), soybeans (e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes
(e.g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e.g. P. ramorum: sudden
oak death), Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and
other plants, Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola (grapevine downy mildew) on
vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers, Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on
rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e.g. P. leucotricha on apples,
Polymyxa spp., e.g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar
beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases, Pseudocercosporella
herpotrichoides (eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat
or barley, Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.g. P.
cubensis on cucurbits or P. humili on hop, Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fire
disease or rotbrenner', anamorph: Phialophora) on vines, Puccinia spp. (rusts) on
various plants, e.g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or
yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (stem or black rust) or P.
recondita (brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such as e.g. wheat, barley or rye, and
asparagus (e. g . P. asparagi), Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-
repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley, Pyricularia spp.,
e.g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea
on turf and cereals, Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat,
cotton, rape, sunflowers, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e.g. P.
ultimum or P. aphanidermatum), Ramularia spp., e.g. R. collocygni (Ramularia
leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets,
Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets,
vegetables and various other plants, e.g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on
soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (Rhizoctonia spring
blight) on wheat or barley, Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on
strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes, Rhynchosporium secalis
(scald) on barley, rye and triticale, Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum
(sheath rot) on rice, Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and
field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e.g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e.g. S.
rolfsii), Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (brown spot) on
soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora)
nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals, Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator
(powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines, Setospaeria spp. (leaf
blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf,
Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und
sugar cane, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits,
Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted
viral diseases, Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum (Stagonospora
blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat,
Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease), Taphrina spp., e.g.
T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on
plums, Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables,
soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans), Tilletia spp.
(common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici (syn. T. caries,
wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat, Typhula incarnata (grey
snow mold) on barley or wheat, Urocystis spp., e.g. U. occulta (stem smut) on
rye, Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U. appendiculatus,
syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae), Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on
cereals (e.g. U. nuda und U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and
sugar cane, Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears,
Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines,
soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape,
potatoes and tomatoes.
The mixtures of the compound (I) and active compounds (II), when compound
(II) scomprise a fungicide, are furthermore suitable for controlling harmful pests
in the protection of materials (for example wood, paper, paint dispersions, fibers
or fabrics) and in the protection of stored products. In the protection of wood,
particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as
Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma
spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.;
Basidiomycetes, such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp.,
Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp.,
Deuteromycetes, such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp.,
Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes, such as
Mucor spp., additionally in the protection of materials the following yeasts:
Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The mixtures according to the present invention can be converted into the
customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts,
powders, pastes and granules. The use form depends on the particular intended
purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the
compounds according to the invention.
The formulations are prepared in a known manner. By example and in particular
for crop protection use, the formulations can be prepared by extending the active
compound with auxiliaries suitable for the formulation of agrochemicals, such
as solvents and/or carriers, if desired emulsifiers, surfactants and dispersants,
preservatives, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, for seed treatment
formulation also optionally gelling agents.
Examples of suitable solvents are water, aromatic solvents (for example
Solvesso products, xylene), paraffins (for example mineral oil fractions),
alcohols (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol), ketones (for
example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone), pyrrolidones e.g. NMP
(N-methyl-pyrrolidone) and NOP (N-octyl-pyrrolidone), acetates (glycol
diacetate), glycols, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters. In
principle, solvent mixtures may also be used.
Suitable emulsifiers are nonionic, cationic and anionic emulsifiers (for example
polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates).
Examples of dispersants are lignin-sulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Suitable surfactants used are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium
salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid,
dibutylnaphthalene- sulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates,
alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol
glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and
naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of
naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene
octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol,
alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl
polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol ethylene
oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,
ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol
esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Substances which are suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions,
emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high
boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of
vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for
example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated
naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol,
cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, highly polar solvents, for example
dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
Also anti-freezing agents such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and
bactericides such as can be added to the formulation.
Suitable antifoaming agents are for example antifoaming agents based on silicon
or magnesium stearate.
A suitable preservative is e.g. dichlorophen.
An example of a gelling agent is carrageen (Satiagel).
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by
mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous
granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc,
kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite,
diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide,
ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate,
ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable
origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal,
cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably
from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compounds. In this case, the active
compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100% by weight,
preferably 95% to 100% by weight (according to NMR spectrum).
For seed treatment purposes, respective formulations can be diluted 2-10 fold
leading to concentrations in the ready to use preparations of 0.01 to 60% by
weight active compounds by weight, preferably 0 .1 to 40% by weight.
The mixtures of the present invention can be used as such, in the form of their
formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of
directly sprayable solutions, microcapsule suspensions, powders, suspensions or
dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for
spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or
pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; they are
intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active
compounds according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or
wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To
prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved
in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter,
tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. However, it is also possible to prepare
concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or
emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable
for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be
varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%,
preferably from 0.01 to 1 % per weight.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume
process (ULV), it being possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by
weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without
additives.
The following are examples of formulations:
1. Products for dilution. For seed treatment purposes, such products may be
applied to the seed diluted or undiluted.
A) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight
of water or a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other
auxiliaries are added. The active compound(s) dissolve(s) upon dilution with
water, whereby a formulation with 10 % (w/w) of active compound(s) is
obtained.
B) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 70 parts by weight
of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for
example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion, whereby
a formulation with 20% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
C) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 7 parts by weight
of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil
ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an
emulsion, whereby a formulation with 15% (w/w) of active compound(s) is
obtained.
D) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 35 parts by weight
of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil
ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30
parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifier machine (e.g. Ultraturrax)
and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion,
whereby a formulation with 25% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
E) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are
comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and 70
parts by weight of water or of an organic solvent to give a fine active
compound(s) suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the
active compound(s), whereby a formulation with 20% (w/w) of active
compound(s) is obtained.
F) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are ground finely with addition of
50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and made as water-dispersible or
water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion,
spray tower, fluid- ized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or
solution of the active compound(s), whereby a formulation with 50% (w/w) of
active compound(s) is obtained.
G) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are ground in a rotor-stator mill
with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel.
Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active
compound(s), whereby a formulation with 75% (w/w) of active compound(s) is
obtained.
H) Gel-Formulation (GF) In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the
active compound(s) are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of
dispersants, 1 part by weight of gelling agent wetters and 70 parts by weight of
water or of an organic solvent to give a fine active compound) suspension.
Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound(s),
whereby a formulation with 20% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
2 . Products to be applied undiluted. For seed treatment purposes, such products
may be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted.
I) Dustable powders (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are ground finely and mixed
intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable
product having 5% (w/w) of active compound(s).
J) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of the active compound(s) is ground finely and associated
with 95.5 parts by weight of carriers, whereby a formulation with 0.5% (w/w) of
active compound(s) is obtained. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or
the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted for foliar use.
K) ULV solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight
of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product having 10%
(w/w) of active compound(s), which is applied undiluted for foliar use.
L) Capsule supensions (CS)
28 parts of a combination of the compound(s), or of each of these compounds
separately, are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene
diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture
is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a
defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To
this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is
added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener
and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains
28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 3-10 microns.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, inseticides,
nematicides, acaricides, other pesticides, and/or bactericides may be added to
the active ingredients, if appropriate just immediately prior to use (tank mix).
These agents usually are admixed with the agents according to the invention in a
weight ratio of 1:20 to 20: 1.
Emulsifiable concentrates:
Active ingredient(s): 1 to 99%, preferably 60 to 90%
Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%
Solvent: 1 to 80%, preferably 1 to 35%
Dusts:
Active ingredient(s): 0.1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
Solid carrier: 1 to 99.9%, preferably 15 to 90%
Suspension concentrates:
Active ingredient(s): 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%
Water: 24 to 94%, preferably 30 to 88%
Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
Suspo-emulsion
Active ingredient(s): 1 to 99%, preferably 10 to 50%
Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20%
Solvent 1 to 80%, preferably 1 to 35%
Wettable powders:
Active ingredient(s): 0.1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
Surfactant: 1 to 50%, preferably 1 to 15%
Solid carrier: 1 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90%
Granulates:
Active ingredient(s): 0.1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
Surfactant: 1 to 50%, preferably 1 to 15%
Solid carrier: 1 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90%
Suspension composition for seed treatment:Active ingredient(s): 0.1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 1 to 20%Solvent: 1 to 90%, preferably 1 to 50%Colorants: 0 to 40%, preferably 1 to 20%Binder: 0 to 60%, preferably 1 to 40%
The compound (I) and one or more compound(s) (II) can be applied
simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, the sequence, in
the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of
the control measures.
The mixtures of the present invention are employed as such or in form of
compositions by treating the insects, arachnid, nematode, fungi or the plants
(including crops), plant propagation materials such as seeds, part of the plant
and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, water in which plants grow,
soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to be protected from insecticidal acaricidal,
nematicidal or insecticidal-/acaricidal-/nematicidal-fungicidal attack with an
insecticidally, acaricidal, nematicidal or insecticidal-/acaricidal-/nematicidal-
fungicidally effective amount of the active compounds. The application can be
carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation
materials such as seeds, part of the plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later
point in time, water in which plants grow, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by
the insects or harmful pests.
The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the
generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as
cuttings and tubers (e. g . potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of
the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots,
sprouts and other parts of plants. Seedlings and young plants, which are to be
transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil, may also be
included. These plant propagation materials may be treated prophylactically
with a plant protection compound either at or before planting or transplanting.
For crop use, the compound (I) and the one or more compound(s) (II) are
usually applied in a weight ratio of from 1000:1 and 1:1000. In other
embodiments that weight ratio of (I) to (II) may be between 500:1 to 1:500, for
example between 100:1 to 1:100, for example between 1:50 to 50:1, for example
1:20 to 20:1, for example 1:10 to 10:1, for example 1:5 to 5:1. Other examples
of weight ratios of (I) to (II) include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 2:1,
3:1, 4:1. The invention also provides pesticidal mixtures comprising a
combination of components (I) and (II) as mentioned above in a synergistically
effective amount, together with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and
optionally a surfactant. Depending on the desired effect, the specific mixture
partner(s), pest to be controlled, crop to be protected and/or soil or weather
condition, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention are
e.g. from 2 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 5 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from
10 to 1000 g/ha.
In a preferred embodiment amounts applied of compound (I) and/or the at least
one compound (II) is lower than the normal dose rate required to achieve the
same effect/result had either of the actives been applied individually, i.e. the
synergistic effect of the combination result in a lower dose rate of either or both
(or more) compounds required to achieve the same or improve the effect.
The inventive mixtures and the compositions comprising them can be used for
protecting materials (e.g. technical materials) e.g. wooden materials such as
trees, board fences, sleepers, etc. and buildings such as houses, outhouses,
factories, but also construction materials, furniture, leathers, fibers, vinyl
articles, electric wires and cables etc. from ants and/or termites, and for
controlling pests e.g. ants, flies, spiders, mosquitoes and termites from doing
harm to crops or human being (e.g. when the pests invade into houses and public
facilities).
Methods to control infectious diseases transmitted by insects (e.g. malaria,
dengue and yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, and leishmaniasis) with the
inventive mixtures and their respective compositions also comprise treating
surfaces of huts and houses, air spraying and impregnation of curtains, tents,
clothing items, bed nets, tsetse-fly trap or the like, insecticidal compositions for
application to fibers, fabric, knitgoods, non-wovens, netting material or foils and
tarpaulins preferably comprise a composition including the inventive mixtures,
optionally a repellent and at least one binder.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixtures according
to the present invention are employed via direct or soil application. Soil
application (incl. perimeter application) is especially favorable for use against
ants, termites, crickets, or cockroaches as well as soilborne fungi.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, for use against non
crop pests such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes, crickets, locusts, or
cockroaches the mixtures according to the present invention are prepared into a
bait preparation. The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g.
a gel). The bait employed in the composition is a product which is sufficiently
attractive to incite insects such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes,
crickets etc. or cockroaches to eat it. This attractant may be chosen from feeding
stimulants or para and/or sex pheromones readily known in the art.
The mixtures according to the invention can be applied to any and all
developmental stages, e.g. for insect control: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The
pests may be controlled by exposing the target pest, its food supply, habitat,
breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive
mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
"Locus" means a plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest
is growing or may grow.
For non-crop use the compound (I) and the one or more compound(s) (II) are
usually applied in a weight ratio of from 1000:1 to 1:1000 as well as those
preferred ratios provided above for crop use. Depending on the desired effect,
the specific mixture partner(s), pest to be controlled, material to be protected
and/or weather condition the application rates of the mixtures according to the
invention are usually from 1 - 150 g/L.
Compositions of this invention may further contain other active ingredients than
those listed above. For example herbicides, fertilizers such as ammonium
nitrate, urea, potash, and superphosphate, phytotoxicants and plant growth
regulators and safeners. These additional ingredients may be used sequentially
or in combination with the above-described compositions, if appropriate also
added only immediately prior to use (tank mix). For example, the plant(s) may
be sprayed with a composition of this invention either before or after being
treated with other active ingredients.
In general, pesticidally "effective amount" means the amount of the inventive
mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures needed to achieve an
observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation,
prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence
and activity of the target organism. The effective amount can vary for the
various mixtures/compositions used in the invention. An effective amount of the
mixtures/compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such
as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of
application, and the like.
In the case of soil treatment or of application to the pests dwelling place or nest,
the quantity of active ingredient(s), by example, ranges from 0.0001 to 500 g per
100 m2, preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m2.
Customary application rates in the protection of materials are, for example, from
0.01 g to 1000 g of active compound(s) per m treated material, desirably from
0 .1 g to 50 g per m2.
Insecticidal compositions for use in the impregnation of materials typically
contain from 0.001 to 95 weight , preferably from 0.1 to 45 weight , and
more preferably from 1 to 25 weight % of at least one repellent and/or
insecticide.
For use in bait compositions, the typical content of active ingredient(s) is from
0.0001 weight % to 15 weight , desirably from 0.001 weight % to 5% weight
% of active compound. The composition used may also comprise other additives
such as a solvent of the active material, a flavoring agent, a preserving agent, a
dye or a bitter agent. Its attractiveness may also be enhanced by a special color,
shape or texture.
For use in spray compositions, the content of the mixture of the active
ingredients is from 0.001 to 80 weights , preferably from 0.01 to 50 weight %
and most preferably from 0.01 to 15 weight %.
In the context of the present invention, the term plant refers to an entire plant, a
part of the plant or the propagation material of the plant.
The mixtures of the present invention and the compositions comprising them are
particularly important in the control of a multitude of insects and/or pests (e.g.
fungi) on various cultivated plants, such as cereal, root crops, oil crops,
vegetables- and fruit spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other
wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field
corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, coffee, sunflowers, bananas, rice,
oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass,
lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg
lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas,
garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco,
grapes, grapewines, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.
Plants which can be treated with the inventive mixtures include all genetically
modified plants or transgenic plants, e.g. crops which tolerate the action of
herbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, including genetic
engineering methods, or plants which have modified characteristics in
comparison with existing plants, which can be generated for example by
traditional breeding methods and/or the generation of mutants, or by
recombinant procedures.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have
been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically
modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the
use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot
readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a
genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-
transtional modification of protein(s) (oligo- or polypeptides) for example by
glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or
farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties (e.g. as disclosed in Biotechnol. Prog.
2001 Jul-Aug. 17(4), 720-8; Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 2004 Jan. 17(1), 57-66; Nat.
Protoc. 2007, 2(5), 1225-35; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2006 Oct 10(5), 487-91;
Epub. 2006, Aug 28.; Biomaterials. 2001 Mar. 22(5), 405-17; Bioconjug. Chem.
2005 Jan-Feb. 16(1): 1 13-21).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that have
been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as
hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase
(ALS) inhibitors, such as sulfonyl ureas (see e.g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685,
WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529,
WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073) or
imidazolinones (see e.g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO
97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO
03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-
3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e.g. WO
92/00377); glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as glufosinate (see e.g.
EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or oxynil herbicides (see e.g. US 5,559,024) or
PPO herbicides, ACCase herbicides, 2,4-D and dicamba as a result of
conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Several cultivated
plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of
breeding (mutagenesis), for example Clearfield summer rape (Canola) being
tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have
been used to render cultivated plants, such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and
rape, tolerant to herbicides, such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which
are commercialy available under the trade names RoundupReady (glyphosate)
and Liberty Link (glufosinate).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by
the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more
insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus,
particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a-endotoxins, e . g . CrylA(b),
CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bi) or Cry[theta]c;
vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e.g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A;
insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example
Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as
scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect- specific
neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins,
such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin
inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors;
ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin,
saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxy steroid
oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone
inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of
sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone
receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases
or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidal proteins
or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, trun
cated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a
new combination of protein domains, (see, for example WO 02/015701). Further
examples of such toxins or genetically-modified plants capable of synthesizing
such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO
95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/018810 and WO 03/052073.
The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally
known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the
publications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the
genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins
protection from harmful pests from certain taxonomic groups of arthropods,
particularly to beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and butterflies and moths
(Lepidoptera) and to plant parasitic nematodes (Nematoda).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by
the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more
proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral
or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called " pathogenesis-
related proteins" (PR proteins, see, for example EP-A 0 392 225), plant disease
resistance genes (for example potato cultivars, which express resistance genes
acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato
Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozym (e.g. potato cultivars capable of
synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as
Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such genetically modified plants
are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for
example, in the publications mentioned above.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that are by
the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more
proteins to increase the productivity (e.g. bio mass production, grain yield,
starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, nitrogen
utilization, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance
to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of
substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve
human or animal nutrition, for example oil crops that produce health-promoting
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e.g. Nexera
rape). The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of
substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw
material production, for example potatoes that produce increased amounts of
amylopectin (e.g. Amflora potato).
Some of the inventive mixtures have systemic action and can therefore be used
for the protection of the plant shoot against foliar pests as well as for the
treatment of the seed and roots against soil pests.
The mixtures according to the present invention are also suitable for the
protection of plant propagation material including treatment of seeds in order to
protect the seed from insect pest, in particular from soil-living insect pests;
and/or fungi and the resulting plant's roots and shoots against soil pests and
foliar insects and/or fungi. The protection of the resulting plant's roots and
shoots is preferred.
More preferred is the protection of resulting plant's shoots from piercing and
sucking insects.
The present invention therefore comprises a method for the protection of seeds
from insects and fungi, in particular from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots
and shoots from insects, in particular from soil and foliar insects, said method
comprising contacting the seeds before sowing and/or after pre-germination with
mixtures according to the present invention. Particularly preferred is a method,
wherein the plant's roots and shoots are protected, more preferably a method,
wherein the plants shoots are protected from piercing and sucking insects, most
preferably a method, wherein the plants shoots are protected from such pests as
aphids, spider mite, army worm, leaf hopper, European corn borer, cutworm,
corn ear worm, corn root worm, stink bugs, plant bug, wireworm, codling moth,
and navel orange worm.
The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but
not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains,
cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true
seeds. The application methods according to the invention for the protection of
plant propagation material are characterized in that, for example, the
composition are applied in such a manner that it is applied in close spatial
proximity to, or spatially together with, planting or sowing the plant propagation
material at the site of planting or sowing. Application of the composition in
close spatial proximity to the site of planting or sowing takes place preferably
when planting or sowing the plant propagation material, by applying the
compositions by soil application directly to the site where the plant propagation
material has been planted or sown, for example preferably when sowing into the
seed furrow, or to a closely delimited area around the site of planting or sowing
the plant propagation material. In addition, the mixture composition (compound
(I) + (II)) will create a zone of protection in the soil, which controls the pests in
the soil, but also the roots and stems, when contacted with the soil containing
the composition, absorb the composition, and then distribute the composition
throughout the plant through known means. Application of such compositions,
which takes place spatially together with planting or applying the plant
propagation material to the site of planting or sowing is to be understood as
meaning that plant propagation material which has been pretreated with these
compositions is planted or sown at the site of planting or sowing, it being
possible, depending on the intended aims and prevailing circumstances, for the
pretreatment of the plant propagation material to be affected for example by
spraying, atomizing, dusting or scattering the compositions over the plant
propagation material or brushing or pouring the compositions over the plant
propagation material or, in the event of seed, in particular also by dressing the
seed. When carrying out seed dressing, i.e. dry seed, wet seed-dressing, liquid
seed-dressing or slurry dressing, mixture composition is added to the seed prior
to sowing in a seed-dressing apparatus and the composition is distributed
uniformly over the seed, for example by stirring the contents of the seed-
dressing apparatus and/or by rotating and/or shaking the entire seed-dressing
apparatus. Particular embodiments of such a seed-dressing treatment comprise,
for example, immersing the seed in a liquid composition, coating the seed with a
solid composition (seed coating) or by achieving penetration of the active
ingredient into the seed by adding the composition to the water used for pre-
soaking the seed (seed soaking). For a general discussion of techniques used to
apply pesticides to seeds, see "Seed Treatment," 2d ed., (1986), edited by K.A
Jeffs (chapter 9), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The term "seed treatment" comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques
known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking
and seed pelleting.
Preferred application methods are:
(A) Seed treatment, wherein the seed is treated with the mixture
composition prior to planting the seed;
(B) Preemergence or postemergence application.
i . Preemergence refers to application of the mixture composition
before the plants has emerged from the soil.
ii. Postemergence refers to application of the mixture composition
after the plant has emerged from the soil. For example the
mixture composition is sprayed directly at the stem base, leaves,
or soil interface of the plants;
(C) In-furrow application.
i . T-band application wherein the mixture composition is added
before the furrow is closed, but after the plant propagation
material is added to the opened furrow; or after the furrow has
been closed.
ii. Modified in-furrow application wherein a plant propagation
material is placed in an open furrow and the mixture composition
is added such that it surrounds the plant propagation material, but
minimizes the contact with the plant propagation material;
iii. granular application, either on fertilizer or a solid carrier applied
in-furrow or potentially on side of furrow;
(D) Band spray application, wherein the mixture composition is sprayed
onto the soil before
i . planting the plant propagation material; or
ii. planting the plant propagation material, and also incorporated the
mixture composition into the soil;
(E) Irrigation either by
i . drip
ii. trickle on demand systems; or
iii. higher volume chemigation systems;
(F) At transplanting by
i . dipping, wherein transplants is dipped into the mixture
composition prior to transplanting
ii. Drenching, wherein transplants are drenched with a mixture
composition after transplanting;
The present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing the active
compound(s). The term "coated with and/or containing" generally signifies that
the active ingredient(s) are for the most part on the surface of the propagation
product at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the
ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the method
of application. When the said propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb
the active ingredient(s). Suitable seeds are seeds of cereals, root crops, oil crops,
vegetables, spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other wheat,
barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn),
soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, oilseed rape,
turnip rape, sugar beet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder
grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper,
cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions,
carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias,
geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.
In addition, the mixtures according to the invention may also be used for the
treatment of seeds from plants, which tolerate the action of herbicides or
fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, including genetic engineering
methods.
For example, the active mixtures can be employed in treatment of seeds from
plants, which are resistant to herbicides from the group consisting of the
sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-
isopropylammonium and analogous active substances (see for example, EP-A-
0242236, EP-A-0242246) (WO 92/00377) (EP-A-0257993, U.S. Pat. No.
5,013,659) or in transgenic crop plants, for example cotton, with the capability
of producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which make the plants
resistant to certain pests (EP-A-0142924, EP-A-0193259).
Furthermore, the mixtures according to the present invention can be used also
for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have modified characteristics in
comparison with existing plants consist, which can be generated for example by
traditional breeding methods and/or the generation of mutants, or by
recombinant procedures). For example, a number of cases have been described
of recombinant modifications of crop plants for the purpose of modifying the
starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO
91/19806) or of transgenic crop plants having a modified fatty acid composition
(WO 91/13972).
The seed treatment application of the mixtures is carried out by spraying or by
dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the
plants.
In the treatment of seeds the corresponding formulations are applied by treating
the seeds with an effective amount of the mixture according to the present
invention. Herein, but depending on the desired effect, the specific mixture
partner(s), pest to be controlled, seed material to be protected and/or weather
condition, the application rates of the active compound(s) are generally from
0.01 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 0.1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of
seed, in particular from 1 g to 2.5 kg per 100 kg of seed.
Compositions, which are especially useful for seed treatment are e.g.:
A) Soluble concentrates (SL, LS), D) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES), E) Suspensions
(SC, OD, FS), F) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG,
SG) G) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS),
H) Gel-Formulations (GF), I) Dustable powders (DP, DS).
Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable
concentrates FS, suspension concentrates SC, solutions LS, powders for dry
treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble
powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These
formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the
seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having
pre- germinated the latter.
In a preferred embodiment a SC or FS formulation is used for seed treatment.
Typcially, a SC or FS concentrated formulation, e.g. for seed treatment use, may
comprise 1-800 g/1 of active ingredients, 1-200 g/1 Surfactant, 0-200 g/1
antifreezing agent, 0- 400 g/1 of binder, 0-200 g/1 of a pigment and up to 1 liter
of a solvent, preferably water.
Preferred FS formulations of mixtures disclosed herein for seed treatment
usually comprise from 0.1 to 80% by weight ( 1 to 800 g/1) of the active
ingredient(s), from 0.1 to 20 % by weight ( 1 to 200 g/1) of at least one
surfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5 % by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15 % by
weight of a dispersing agent, up to 20 % by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20 % of an
anti-freeze agent, from 0 to 15 % by weight, e.g. 1 to 15 % by weight of a
pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40 % by weight, e.g. 1 to 40 % by weight of a
binder (sticker /adhesion agent), optionally up to 5 % by weight, e.g. from 0.1 to
5 % by weight of a thickener, optionally from 0 .1 to 2 % of an anti-foam agent,
and optionally a preservative such as a biocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in an
amount from 0.01 to 1 % by weight and a filler/vehicle up to 100 % by weight.
Seed treatment formulations may additionally also comprise binders and
optionally colorants.
Binders can be added to improve the adhesion of the active materials on the
seeds after treatment. Suitable binders are block copolymers EO/PO surfactants
but also polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates,
polymethacrylates, polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polystyrene,
polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides, polyethyle-neimines, polyethers,
polyurethans, polyvinylacetate, tylose and copolymers derived from these
polymers.
Optionally, also colorants can be included in the formulation. Suitable colorants
or dyes for seed treatment formulations are Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112,
C.I. Solvent Red 1, pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2,
pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13,
pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1, pigment red 57: 1, pigment
red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment
green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10,
basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23,
basic red 10, basic red 108.
Animal health application
The present invention also includes a method of controlling animal pests which
comprises the exposure of the animal pests, their habit, breeding ground, food
supply, cultivated plants, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which the
animal pests are growing or may grow, or the materials, plants, seeds, soils,
surfaces or spaces to be protected from animal attack or infestation with a
pesticidally effective amount of a mixture of at least one active compound (I)
and at least one active compound (II). Preferred application methods are into
water bodies, via soil, cracks and crevices, pastures, manure piles, sewers, into
water, on floor, wall, or by perimeter spray application and bait.
For use of the combination for controlling pests in and on animals, the present
invention also provides a method for treating, controlling, preventing and
protecting animals against infestation and infection by the harmful pests (e.g.
parasites), which comprises orally, topically or parenterally administering or
applying to the animals a pesticidal (e.g parasiticidally) effective amount of
mixture of the present invention or a composition comprising it. Preferably for
animal use the compound (I) is mixed with one or more compounds (II) with
insectricidal, acaricidal or nematicidal activity.
Amounts and ratios of the compound (I) and (II) depends on the desired effect,
the specific mixture partner(s), pest to be controlled and animal to be treated.
The compound (I) and the one or more compound(s) (II) are usually applied in a
weight ratio of from 1000:1 and 1:1000. In other embodiments that weight ratio
of (I) to (II) may be between 500:1 to 1:500, for example between 100:1 to
1:100, for example between 1:50 to 50:1, for example 1:20 to 20:1, for example
1:10 to 10:1, for example 1:5 to 5:1. Other examples of weight ratios of (I) to
(II) include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1.
Administration can be carried out both prophylactically and therapeutically.
Administration of the active compounds is carried out directly or in the form of
suitable preparations, orally, topically/dermally or parenterally.
For oral administration to warm-blooded animals, the mixtures of the present
invention may be formulated as animal feeds, animal feed premixes, animal feed
concentrates, pills, solutions, pastes, suspensions, drenches, gels, tablets, boluses
and capsules. In addition, the mixtures of the present invention may be
administered to the animals in their drinking water. For oral administration, the
dosage form chosen should provide the animal with 0.01 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of
animal body weight per day of the compounds (I)+(II), preferably with 0.5
mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of animal body weight per day.
Alternatively, the mixtures of the present invention may be administered to
animals parenterally, for example, by intraruminal, intramuscular, intravenous
or subcutaneous injection. The compound (I) and (II) may be dispersed or
dissolved in a physiologically acceptable carrier for subcutaneous injection.
Alternatively, the mixtures of the present invention may be formulated into an
implant for subcutaneous administration. In addition the compounds (I) + (II)
may be transdermally administered to animals. For parenteral administration, the
dosage form chosen should provide the animal with 0.01 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of
animal body weight per day of the active compounds.
The mixtures of the present invention may also be applied topically to the
animals in the form of dips, dusts, powders, collars, medallions, sprays,
shampoos, spot-on and pour-on formulations and in ointments or oil-in-water or
water-in-oil emulsions. For topical application, dips and sprays usually contain
0.5 ppm to 5,000 ppm and preferably 1 ppm to 3,000 ppm of the active
compounds. In addition, the active compound mixtures may be formulated as
ear tags for animals, particularly quadrupeds such as cattle and sheep.
Suitable preparations are:
- Solutions such as oral solutions, concentrates for oral administration after
dilution, solutions for use on the skin or in body cavities, pouring-on
formulations, gels;
- Emulsions and suspensions for oral or dermal administration; semi-solid
preparations;
- Formulations in which the active compound is processed in an ointment base
or in an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion base; - Solid preparations such as
powders, premixes or concentrates, granules, pellets, tablets, boluses, capsules;
aerosols and inhalants, and active compound-containing shaped articles.
Compositions suitable for injection are prepared by dissolving the active
ingredient in a suitable solvent and optionally adding further ingredients such as
acids, bases, buffer salts, preservatives, and solubilizers. The solutions are
filtered and filled sterile.
Suitable solvents are physiologically tolerable solvents such as water, alkanols
such as ethanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol,
polyethylene glycols, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures
thereof.
The active compounds can optionally be dissolved in physiologically tolerable
vegetable or synthetic oils which are suitable for injection.
Suitable solubilizers are solvents which promote the dissolution of the active
compound in the main solvent or prevent its precipitation. Examples are
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylated castor oil, and
polyoxyethylated sorbitan ester.
Suitable preservatives are benzyl alcohol, trichlorobutanol, p-hydroxybenzoic
acid esters, and n-butanol. Oral solutions are administered directly. Concentrates
are administered orally after prior dilution to the use concentration. Oral
solutions and concentrates are prepared according to the state of the art and as
described above for injection solutions, sterile procedures not being necessary.
Solutions for use on the skin are trickled on, spread on, rubbed in, sprinkled on
or sprayed on.
Solutions for use on the skin are prepared according to the state of the art and
according to what is described above for injection solutions, sterile procedures
not being necessary.
Further suitable solvents are polypropylene glycol, phenyl ethanol, phenoxy
ethanol, ester such as ethyl or butyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, ethers such as
alkyleneglycol alkylether, e.g. dipropylenglycol monomethylether, ketons such
as acetone, me- thylethylketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, vegetable and synthetic
oils, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, transcutol, solketal,
propylencarbonate, and mixtures thereof.
It may be advantageous to add thickeners during preparation. Suitable thickeners
are inorganic thickeners such as bentonites, colloidal silicic acid, aluminium
monostearate, organic thickeners such as cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl
alcohols and their copolymers, acrylates and methacrylates.
Gels are applied to or spread on the skin or introduced into body cavities. Gels
are prepared by treating solutions which have been prepared as described in the
case of the injection solutions with sufficient thickener that a clear material
having an ointment-like consistency results. The thickeners employed are the
thickeners given above.
Pour-on formulations are poured or sprayed onto limited areas of the skin, the
active compound penetrating the skin and acting systemically.
Pour-on formulations are prepared by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the
active compound in suitable skin-compatible solvents or solvent mixtures. If
appropriate, other auxiliaries such as colorants, bioabsorption-promoting
substances, antioxidants, light stabilizers, adhesives are added.
Suitable solvents which are: water, alkanols, glycols, polyethylene glycols,
polypropylene glycols, glycerol, aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol,
phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,
benzyl benzoate, ethers such as alkylene glycol alkyl ethers such as dipropylene
glycol monomethyl ether, di-ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether, ketones such as
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate,
ethylene carbonate, aromatic and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable or
synthetic oils, DMF, dimethylacetamide, n-alkylpyrrolidones such as
methylpyrrolidone, n-butylpyrrolidone or n-octylpyrrolidone,
N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxy-methylene- 1,3-
dioxolane and glycerol formal.
Suitable colorants are all colorants permitted for use on animals and which can
be dissolved or suspended.
Suitable absorption-promoting substances are, for example, DMSO, spreading
oils such as isopropyl myristate, dipropylene glycol pelargonate, silicone oils
and copolymers thereof with polyethers, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, fatty
alcohols.
Suitable antioxidants are sulfites or metabisulfites such as potassium
metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole,
tocopherol.
Suitable light stabilizers are, for example, novantisolic acid.
Suitable adhesives are, for example, cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives,
polyacrylates, natural polymers such as alginates, gelatin.
Emulsions can be administered orally, dermally or as injections.
Emulsions are either of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type.
They are prepared by dissolving the active compound either in the hydrophobic
or in the hydrophilic phase and homogenizing this with the solvent of the other
phase with the aid of suitable emulsifiers and, if appropriate, other auxiliaries
such as colorants, absorption-promoting substances, preservatives, antioxidants,
light stabilizers, viscosity-enhancing substances.
Suitable hydrophobic phases (oils) are: liquid paraffins, silicone oils, natural
vegetable oils such as sesame oil, almond oil, cas- tor oil, synthetic triglycerides
such as caprylic/capric biglyceride, triglyceride mixture with vegetable fatty
acids of the chain length C5-C22 or other specially selected natural fatty acids,
partial glyceride mixtures of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids possibly also
containing hydroxyl groups, mono- and diglycerides of the C5-C12 fatty acids,
fatty acid esters such as ethyl stearate, di-n-butyryl adipate, hexyl laurate,
dipropylene glycol perlargonate, esters of a branched fatty acid of medium chain
length with saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C16-C18, isopropyl
myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/capric acid esters of saturated fatty
alcohols of chain length C12-C18, isopropyl stearate, oleyl oleate, decyl oleate,
ethyl oleate, ethyl lactate, waxy fatty acid esters such as synthetic duck
coccygeal gland fat, dibutyl phthalate, diisopropyl adipate, and ester mixtures
related to the latter, fatty alcohols such as isotridecyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol,
cetylstearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and fatty acids such as oleic acid and
mixtures thereof.
Suitable hydrophilic phases are: water, alcohols such as propylene glycol,
glycerol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof.
Suitable emulsifiers are: non-ionic surfactants, e.g. polyethoxylated castor oil,
polyethoxylated sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, glycerol
monostearate, poly-oxyethyl stearate, alkylphenol polyglycol ether; ampholytic
surfactants such as di-sodium N-lauryl-p-iminodipropionate or lecithin; anionic
surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfates,
mono/dialkyl polyglycol ether orthophosphoric acid ester monoethanolamine
salt; cation-active surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
Suitable further auxiliaries are: substances which enhance the viscosity and
stabilize the emulsion, such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and
other cellulose and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, alginates, gelatin, gum
arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of methyl vinyl
ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols, waxes, colloidal silicic acid or
mixtures of the substances mentioned.
Suspensions can be administered orally or topically/dermally. They are prepared
by suspending the active compounds in a suspending agent, if appropriate with
addition of other auxiliaries such as wetting agents, colorants, bioabsorption-
promoting substances, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers.
Liquid suspending agents are all homogeneous solvents and solvent mixtures.
Suitable wetting agents (dispersants) are the emulsifiers given above.
Other auxiliaries which may be mentioned are those given above.
Semi-solid preparations can be administered orally or topically/dermally. They
differ from the suspensions and emulsions described above only by their higher
viscosity.
For the production of solid preparations, the active compound is mixed with
suitable excipients, if appropriate with addition of auxiliaries, and brought into
the desired form. Suitable excipients are all physiologically tolerable solid inert
substances. Those used are inorganic and organic substances. Inorganic
substances are, for example, sodium chloride, carbonates such as calcium
carbonate, hydrogencarbonates, aluminium oxides, titanium oxide, silicic acids,
argillaceous earths, precipitated or colloidal silica, or phosphates. Organic
substances are, for example, sugar, cellulose, foodstuffs and feeds such as milk
powder, animal meal, grain meals and shreds, starches.
Suitable auxiliaries are preservatives, antioxidants, and/or colorants which have
been mentioned above.
Other suitable auxiliaries are lubricants and glidants such as magnesium
stearate, stearic acid, talc, bentonites, disintegration-promoting substances such
as starch or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, binders such as starch, gelatin or
linear polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dry binders such as microcrystalline cellulose.
The compositions for use in or on animals can comprise generally from about
0.001 to 95 wt of the active compounds of the mixtures of the present
invention.
Generally it is favorable to apply the active compounds of the mixtures of the
present invention in total amounts of 0.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per day,
preferably 1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg per day.
Ready-to-use preparations contain the active compounds of the mixtures of the
present invention acting against pests such as parasites, preferably ecto
parasites, in concentrations of 10 ppm to 80 per cent by weight, preferably from
0 .1 to 65 per cent by weight, more preferably from 1 to 50 per cent by weight,
most preferably from 5 to 40 per cent by weight.
Preparations which are diluted before use contain the active compounds of the
mixtures of the present invention acting against ectoparasites in concentrations
of 0.5 to 90 per cent by weight, preferably of 1 to 50 per cent by weight.
Furthermore, the preparations comprise the active compounds of the mixtures of
the present invention against endoparasites in concentrations of 10 ppm to 2 per
cent by weight, preferably of 0.05 to 0.9 per cent by weight, very particularly
preferably of 0.005 to 0.25 per cent by weight.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions
comprising the mixtures of the present invention are applied dermally/topically.
In a further preferred embodiment, the topical application is conducted in the
form of compound-containing shaped articles such as collars, medallions, ear
tags, bands for fixing at body parts, and adhesive strips and foils.
Generally it is favorable to apply solid formulations which release the active
compounds of the mixtures of the present invention in total amounts of 10
mg/kg to 300 mg/kg, preferably 20 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg, most preferably 25
mg/kg to 160 mg/kg body weight of the treated animal in the course of three
weeks.
For the preparation of the shaped articles, thermoplastic and flexible plastics as
well as elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers are used. Suitable plastics and
elastomers are polyvinyl resins, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resins,
cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyamides and polyester which are sufficiently
compatible with the compound (I). A detailed list of plastics and elastomers as
well as preparation procedures for the shaped articles is given e.g. in WO
03/086075.
Biological efficacy
The weight ratio of compound (I) to compound(s) (II) is selected to provide a
synergistic pesticidal action, i.e. the compound(s) (I) be is present in an activity
enhancing amount with respect to compound(s) (II) or vica versa.
A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of a combination of two
chemicals is greater than the sum of the action of each of the chemicals alone.
Therefore, a synergistic combination is a combination of chemical components
having an action that is greater than the sum of the action of each chemical
component alone, and a synergistically effective amount is an effective amount
of a synergistic combination. Synergism can involve either 2 pesticides, or one
pesticide plus a substance that is not by itself toxic to the pest, and such a
substance is termed a synergist, i.e. a chemical that enhances the toxicity of a
pesticide to a pest.
Well-known methods for determining whether synergy exists include the Colby
method, the Tammes method and the Wadley method, all of which are described
below. Any one of these methods may be used to determine if synergy exists
between the compounds (I) and (II).
In the Colby method, also referred to as the Limpels method, the action to be
expected E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called Colby
formula. According to Colby, the expected action of ingredients (I)+(II) using
p+q ppm of active ingredient is:
where ppm=milligrams of active ingredient (=a.i.) per liter of spray mixture
X=% action by compound (I) using p ppm of active ingredient Y=% action by
compound (II) using q ppm of active ingredient. If the ratio R defined as the
action actually observed (O) divided by the expected action (E) is > 1 then the
action of the combination is superadditive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. For a
more detailed description of the Colby formula, see Colby, S. R. "Calculating
synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination," Weeds, Vol.
15, pages 20-22; 1967; see also Limpel et al., Proc. NEWCC 16: 48-53 (1962).
The Tammes method uses a graphic representation to determine whether a
synergistic effect exists. See "Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in
pesticides," Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 70 (1964) p . 73-80.
The Wadley method is based on comparison of an observed ED50 value (i.e.
dose of a given compound or combination of compounds providing 50% pest
control) obtained from experimental data using the dose response curves and an
expected ED50 calculated theoretically from the formula:
ED ((I) + (II))p
= a +
ED (I)obs
ED (II)obs
wherein a and b are the weight ratios of compound (I) and (II) in the mixture
and EDsoobs the experimentally determined ED50 value obtained using the dose
response curves for the individual compounds. The ratio
ED5o((I)+(II ))expected/ED5o((I)+(II))observed expresses the factor of interaction (F)
(synergy factor). In case of synergism, F is >1. The same formula applies when
LD50 values are used, i.e. lethal dose, as well as EC50 values, i.e. effective
concentration, and LC50 values, i.e. lethal concentration. For a more detailed
description of the Wadley method, see Levi et al., EPPO-Bulletin 16, 1986, 651-
657.
An alternative approach as mentioned by D.L. Richer (Pesticide Science, 1987,
19, 309-315, especially p . 313) to determine synergy is based on purely
observed values rather than observed and theoretical calculated values as used in
the previously mentioned methods. In this alternative method the effect of a
given rate of the mixture A and B is compared with the effect of the same rate of
each of (I) and (II) used alone. If synergism exists, the observed effect of the
mixture will be greater than the observed effect of either component used alone:
Eo s
(x(I) + y(II))> Eo s
(x + y)(I), and > Eo s
(x + y)(II)
wherein x and y are the quantities of (I) and (II) in the mixture.
Examples
Comparative example 1
The compound (I) was tested in comparison with its (IS, cis)-enantiomer, i.e.
the compound 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(lS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate (compound (1,5).
Two seperate trials were conducted using doses of lOng/insect and 30ng/insect
of each compound applied in each trial to 10 individual insects respectively,
Dysdercus cingulatus (cotton stainer), by topical application in a non-
randomized petridish trial using 5 replicas for each compound. The actives were
applied as acetone formulations (blank acetone did not demonstrate any effect).
Similar a series of test were conducted on Musca domestica (housefly). Average
results based on visual evaluation are found in table 3 below for
a) immobilized (paralyzed/dead) insects after 4 hours; and
b) dead insects (mortality asessment= NUMINS number of dead insects)
observed after 48 hours.
Table 3 : Comparative test for compound (I) and compound (1,5).
1. Activity against Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), 2nd instar
larvae
The active compounds are formulated for testing the activity against insects and
arachnids as a 10.000 ppm solution in a mixture of 35% acetone and water,
which is diluted with water, if needed.
A Sieva lima bean leaf is dipped in the test solution and allowed to dry. The leaf
is then placed in a petri dish containing a filter paper on the bottom and ten 2nd
instar caterpillars. At 5 days, observations are made of mortality and reduced
feeding.
2. Activity against diamond back moth (plutella xylostella)
The active compounds are formulated in 50:50 acetone:water and 0.1 %
(vol/vol) Alkamuls EL 620 surfactant. A 6 cm leaf disk of cabbage leaves is
dipped in the test solution for 3 seconds and allowed to air dry in a Petri plate
lined with moist filter paper. The leaf disk is inoculated with 10 third instar
larvae and kept at 25-27 and 50-60% humidity for 3 days. Mortality is assessed
after 72 h of treatment.
3. Activity against cowpea aphid {aphis craccivora)
The active compounds were formulated in 50:50 acetone:water. Potted cowpea
plants colonized with 100 - 150 aphids of various stages were sprayed after the
pest population has been recorded. Population reduction was recorded after 24,
72, and 120 hours.
4. Activity against Vetch aphid (Megoura viciae)
The active compounds are formulated in 1:3 DMSO : water. Bean leaf disks are
placed into microtiterplates filled with 0.8% agar-agar. The leaf disks are
sprayed with 2.5 µΐ of the test solution and 5 to 8 adult aphids are placed into the
microtiterplates which are then closed and kept at a temperature of 22-24°C and
35-45% relative humidity under fluorescent light for 6 days. Mortality is
assessed on the basis of vital, reproduced aphids. Tests are replicated 2 times.
5. Activity against Wheat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi)
The active compounds are formulated in 1:3 DMSO : water. Barley leaf disks
are placed into microtiterplates filled with 0.8% agar-agar. The leaf disks are
sprayed with 2.5 µΐ of the test solution and 3 to 8 adult aphids are placed into the
microtiterplates which are then closed and kept at a temperature of 22-24°C and
35-45% relative humidity under fluorescent light for 5 days. Mortality is
assessed on the basis of vital aphids. Tests are replicated 2 times.
6. Activity against Cotton aphid {Aphis gossypii)
The active compounds were formulated in 50:50 acetone:water and 100 ppm
Kinetic surfactant.
Cotton plants at the cotyledon stage (one plant per pot) were infested by placing
a heavily infested leaf from the main colony on top of each cotyledon. The
aphids were allowed to transfer to the host plant overnight, and the leaf used to
transfer the aphids was removed. The cotyledons were dipped in the test solution
and allowed to dry. After 5 days, mortality counts were made.
7. Activity against silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolu)
The active compounds were formulated in 50:50 acetone:water and 100 ppm
Kinetic surfactant.
Selected cotton plants were grown to the cotyledon state (one plant per pot). The
cotyledons were dipped into the test solution to provide complete coverage of
the foliage and placed in a well-vented area to dry. Each pot with treated
seedling was placed in a plastic cup and 10 to 12 whitefly adults (approximately
3-5 day old) were introduced. The insects were collected using an aspirator and
an 0.6 cm, non-toxic Tygon tubing (R-3603) connected to a barrier pipette tip.
The tip, containing the collected insects, was then gently inserted into the soil
containing the treated plant, allowing insects to crawl out of the tip to reach the
foliage for feeding. The cups were covered with a re-usable screened lid (150
micron mesh polyester screen PeCap from Tetko Inc). Test plants were
maintained in the holding room at about 25°C and 20-40% relative humidity for
3 days avoiding direct exposure to the fluorescent light (24 hour photoperiod) to
prevent trapping of heat inside the cup. Mortality was assessed 3 days after
treatment of the plants.
8. Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae)
The active compounds were formulated in 50:50 acetone:water and 100 ppm
Kinetic surfactant.
Pepper plants in the 2nd leaf-pair stage (variety 'California Wonder') were
infested with approximately 40 laboratory-reared aphids by placing infested leaf
sections on top of the test plants. The leaf sections were removed after 24 hr.
The leaves of the intact plants were dipped into gradient solutions of the test
compound and allowed to dry. Test plants were maintained under fluorescent
light (24 hour photoperiod) at about 250°C and 20-40% relative humidity.
Aphid mortality on the treated plants, relative to mortality on check plants, was
determined after 5 days.
9. Activity against Musca (Musca domestica)
The active compounds were formulated in acetone.
The topical application comprised application of a single 2-µ1drop to the dorsal
thorax using an Arnold Hand-Operated Applicator (Burkard Manufacturing Co.,
Herts, England). Treated insects are transferred to observation chambers. The
dose-mortality relationship for each compound is assessed after 4, 24 and 48
hours (5 insects treated per dose) from four doses or with acetone alone
(control).
10. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and abamectin (ABA).
Appropriate doses of the active ingredients were applied to the insects,
Dysdercus cingulatus (cotton stainer), both as single applications as well as
mixtures thereof by topical application in a non-randomized petridish trial.
Following visual evaluation of efficacy (mortality) at selected hours after
treatment (HAT), synergy was determined using Colby's formula.
Assessment= NUMINS (number of dead insects). The actives were applied as
acetone formulations. As control test a blank acetone formulation was also
applied to ensure non-effect from the solvent.
As comparative test, similar applications were made using a double dose of
bifenthrin (BIF) compared to the amount of the compound (I).
Results provided in table 4 .
Table 4 : Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and abamectin (ABA)
4HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 6.8
BIF 10 8.6
ABA 5 0.2
ABA 10 0.2
Compound (I) 5+5 7.0 6.86 1.02
+ABA
BIF+ABA 10+10 6.6 8.63 0.76
24HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 6.8
BIF 10 7.0
ABA 5 0.2
ABA 10 0.2
Compound (I) 5+5 7.2 6.86 1.05
+ABA
BIF+ABA 10+10 5.4 7.00 0.77
48HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 7.0
BIF 10 7.0
ABA 5 0.2
ABA 10 0.4
Compound (I) 5+5 6.8 7.06 0.96
+ABA
BIF+ABA 10+10 5.4 7.12 0.76
11. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and gamma-cyhalothrin
(GCH).
Same procedure as in example 10, with results as provided in table 5 :
Table 5 : Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and gamma-
cyhalothrin.
4HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 6.8
BIF 10 8.6
GCH 0.625 8.4
GCH 1.25 9.8
Compound (I) 5+0.625 10 9.49 1.05
+GCH
BIF +GCH 10+1,25 9.8 9.97 0.98
24HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 6.8
BIF 10 7.0
GCH 0.625 7.2
GCH 1.25 9.8
Compound (I) 5+0.625 9.8 9.10 1.08
+GCH
BIF +GCH 10+1.25 10 9.94 1.01
48HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 7.0
BIF 10 7.0
GCH 0.625 4.8
GCH 1.25 9.2
Compound (I) 5+0.625 10 8.4 1.18
+GCH
BIF +GCH 10+1.25 10 9.8 1.02
12. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and dimethoate (DMT).
Same procedure as in example 10, with results as provided in table 6 :
5 Table 6 : Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and dimethoate
(DMT)
4HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 4.6
BIF 10 5.6
DMT 50 0
DMT 100 0
Compound (I) 5+50 4.8 4.6 1.04
+ DMT
BIF + DMT 10+100 4.6 5.6 0.82
10 24HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 3.6
BIF 10 4.0
DMT 50 3.3
DMT 100 7.2
Compound (I) 5+50 7.0 5.0 1.4
+ DMT
BIF + DMT 10+100 9.2 8.3 0.82
72HAT
13. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and acetamiprid (AMP).
Same procedure as in example 10, with results as provided in table 7 :
Table 7 : Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and acetamiprid
(AMP)
48HAT
Rate Observed Expected R
(ng/insect) effect effect
Compound (I) 5 8.0
BIF 10 8.0
AMP 25 5.2
Compound (I) 5+25 9.8 9.0 1.09
+AMP
BIF +AMP 10+25 9.2 9.0 1.02
72HAT
14. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and methoxyfenozide
(MTZ).
Same procedure as in example 10, with results as provided in table 8:
Table 8: Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and methoxyfenozide
(MTZ)
4HAT
Rate R
(ng/insect)
Compound (I) 5+12 1.52
+ MTZ
BIF + MTZ 10+12 1.0
15. Synergistic effect between the compound (I) and chlorpyrifos (CPF).
Same procedure as in example 10, with results as provided in table 9 :
Table 9 : Result of test for a combination of compound (I) and chlorpyrifos
(CPF)
4HAT
Rate R
(ng/insect)
Compound (I) 5+95 1.35
+ CPF
BIF + CPF 10+95 1.04
P A T E N T C L A I M S
1. A mixture of the compound (I) which is 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-
( 1 )-c -3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-enyl)-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and one or more of compound(s) (II)
which is an insecticide, acaricide, nematicide and/or fungicide.
2 . A mixture according to claim 1, wherein the compound (I) is substantially
free of any other isomer of 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop- l-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopro-panecarboxylate.
3 . A mixture according to claim 1 and 2 having insecticidal, nematicidal or
acaricidal activity.
4 . A mixture according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the compound(s) (II) is
an insecticide, acaricide and/or nematicide selected among
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel
antagonists, Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel
blockers, Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, Allosteric
acetylcholine receptor modulators, Chloride channel activators, Juvenile
hormone mimics, gassing agents, Selective homopteran feeding blockers,
Mite growth inhibitors, Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes,
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, Uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers,
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 0 and 1, Moulting disruptors,
Ecdysone receptor agonists/disruptors, Octopamine receptor agonists,
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, Mitochondrial
complex I electron transport inhibitors, Voltage-dependent sodium channel
blockers, Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, Mitochondrial complex IV
electron inhibitors, Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors,
and Ryanodine receptor modulators.
A mixture according to claim 4 wherein compound(s) (II) is selected among
Benzoylureas, Juvenile hormone mimics, Organophosphates,
Phenylpyrazoles, Pyrethroids, Chloronicotinyls, Avermectins,
Diacylhydrazines, Ryanodine receptor modulators and Spinosyns.
A mixture according to claim 5 wherein the compound(s) (II) is selected
among lufenuron, novaluron, pyriproxyfen, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-
methyl, dimethoate, malathion, fipronil, ethiprole, deltamethrin, lambda-
cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid,
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, abamectin, emmamectin-benzoate,
methoxyfenozide, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole cyantraniliprole,
spinosad and spinetoram.
A mixture accrding to any of claims 1 to 2 wherein the compound(s) (II) is
selected among fungicides.
A mixture according to claim 7 wherein the compound(s) (II) is selected
among methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides; dicarboximide
fungicides; demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides; phenylamide
fungicides; amine/morpholine fungicides; phospholipid biosynthesis
inhibitor fungicides; carboxamide fungicides; hydroxy(2-amino-)pyrimidine
fungicides; anilinopyrimidine fungicides; N-phenyl carbamate fungicides;
quinone outside inhibitor (Qol) fungicides; phenylpyrrole fungicides;
quinoline fungicides; lipid peroxidation inhibitor fungicides; melanin
biosynthesis inhibitors-reductase (MBI-R) fungicides; melanin biosynthesis
inhibitors-dehydratase (MBI-D) fungicides; hydroxyanilide fungicides;
squalene-epoxidase inhibitor fungicides; polyoxin fungicides; phenylurea
fungicides; quinone inside inhibitor (Qil) fungicides; benzamide fungicides;
enopyranuronic acid antibiotic fungicides; hexopyranosyl antibiotic
fungicides; glucopyranosyl antibiotic: protein synthesis fungicides;
glucopyranosyl antibiotic: trehalase and inositol biosynthesis fungicides;
cyanoacetamideoxime fungicides; carbamate fungicides; oxidative
phosphorylation uncoupling fungicides; organo tin fungicides; carboxylic
acid fungicides; heteroaromatic fungicides; phosphonate fungicides;
phthalamic acid fungicides; benzotriazine fungicides; benzene- sulfonamide
fungicides; pyridazinone fungicides; hiophene-carboxamide fungicides;
pyrimidinamide fungicides; carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides;
tetracycline antibiotic fungicides; thiocarbamate fungicides; benzamide
fungicides; host plant defense induction fungicides; and multi-site contact
activity fungicides.
9 . A method for controlling harmful pests comprising the exposure of said
harmful pests to an effective amount of the mixture according to claim 1.
10. A method according claim 9 comprising the exposure of the harmful pests,
their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their loci to an effective
amount of the mixture according to claim 1.
11. A method for protecting crops from attack or infestation by harmful pests
comprising the exposure of the plant, or the soil, or water in which the plant
is growing with an effective amount of the mixture according to claim 1.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the exposure is to the plant, plant
propagation material, part of the plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later
point in time.
13. The method according to claim 11, comprising the employment of 2 to 2000
g/ha of the mixture according to claim 1.
14. A composition comprising an effective amount of the mixture according to
claim 1 in a weight ratio of compound(I):compound(II) ranging from about
1000:1 to about 1:1000.
15. A composition according to claim 14 in a form selected among ready-to-use
solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspensions, wettable
powders, soluble powders, granules, soluble granules, dispersible granules,
microemulsions, microcapsule suspensions and mixtures thereof.
16. A process for preparing a composition according to any of the claims 14 to
15, which comprise mixing compound (I) and one or more compounds (II)
with a diluent(s) and/or surfactant(s).
17. Use of the mixture according to claim 1 for controlling harmful pests.
18. Use according to claim 17 comprising the exposure of the harmful pests to
an effective amount of the mixture according to claim 1.
19. Use according claim 18 wherein the exposure is to the harmful pests, their
food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their loci.
20. Use according to claim 18 or 19 wherein the harmful pests are exposed to a
composition according to claim 14.
21. Use of the mixture according to claim 1 for protecting crops from attack or
infestation by harmful pests comprising the exposure of the plant, plant
propagation material, part of the plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later
point in time, by applying an effective amount of the mixture on the plant,
part of the plant, plant organ, plant propagation material or a surrounding
area thereof.
22. Use according to claim 21, comprising the employment of 2 to 2000 g/ha of
the mixture according to claim 1.
International application No
PCT/DK2014/05Q243
A. CLASSIFICATION O F SUBJECT MATTERINV. AO1N53/00ADD.
According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC
B. FIELDS SEARCHED
Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols
A01N
Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched
Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used)
EPO-Internal WPI Data, BIOSIS, CHEM ABS Data
C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.
WO 2012/040802 A2 (FMC QUIMICA DO B ASI L 1-22LTDA [BR] BORGES LUIS DONZI ETE [BR] ;FABRI CARL) 5 Apri l 2012 (2012-04-05)c l aims 1-14
/ -
X Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. See patent family annex.
* Special categories of cited documents :"T" later document published after the international filing date or priority
date and not in conflict with the application but cited to understand"A" document defining the general state of the art which is not considered the principle or theory underlying the invention
to be of particular relevance
"E" earlier application or patent but published on or after the international "X" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot befiling date considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive
"L" document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) orwhich is step when the document is taken alonecited to establish the publication date of another citation or other " document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot bespecial reason (as specified) considered to involve an inventive step when the document is
"O" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other combined with one or more other such documents, such combinationmeans being obvious to a person skilled in the art
"P" document published prior to the international filing date but later thanthe priority date claimed "&" document member of the same patent family
Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report
6 October 2014 21/10/2014
Name and mailing address of the ISA/ Authorized officer
European Patent Office, P.B. 5818 Patentlaan 2NL - 2280 HV Rijswijk
Tel. (+31-70) 340-2040,Fax: (+31-70) 340-3016 Mari e , Geral d
International application No
PCT/DK2014/050243
C(Continuation). DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.
Y LIU H ET AL: "Enanti osel ecti ve 1-22cytotoxi c i t y of the i nsecti c i de b i fenthri non a human amnion epi thel i a l (FL) cel l
i ne" ,TOXICOLOGY, LIMERICK, I R,vol . 253 , no. 1-3 ,20 November 2008 (2008-11-20) , pages89-96, XP025625953,ISSN : 0300-483X, D0I :10. 1016/J .T0X.2008.08.015[retri eved on 2008-09-07]c i ted i n the appl i cati onabstracttable 1page 94, right-hand col umn, l ast paragraph
Y W0 03/053905 Al (SYNGENTA LTD [GB] ; BROWN 1-22STEPHEN MARTIN [GB] ; G0TT BRIAN DAVID[GB] ) 3 July 2003 (2003-07-03)page 1, l i nes 15-23
International application NoInformation on patent family members
PCT/DK2014/05Q243
Patent document Publication Patent family Publicationcited in search report date member(s) date
WO 2012040802 A2 05-04-2012 083215 Al 06-02-2013PI 1003434 A2 22-01-2013
33633 A 30-04-20122012040802 A2 05-04-2012
W0 03053905 Al 03-07-2003 AU 2002366752 Al 09-07-2003W0 03053905 Al 03-07-2003