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Transcript of Untitled - Feed & Additive Magazine
December 2021 Year: 1 - Issue: 11
Davi Brito De Araujo, Trouw Nutrition Feeding for immunity: Why the source of trace mineral matters
Asbjørn Børsting, FEFACEuropean feed industry and 2022 projection
Paul Alderliefste, CPM EuropeHeat treatment equipment for salmonella control
www.feedandadditive.com
What is Feed Safety and How is it Achieved?
Vitamins and Minerals in Animal Nutrition
World leaders came together at the United Na-tions Climate Change Conference (COP26)
in Glasgow, Scotland, from October 31 to November 12, 2021 to reduce global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. At COP26, where 197 countries participated, governments were asked to step up their emissions cuts and promised more money for poor countries tackling climate change. All of the participating countries signed the agreement text prepared at the conference. In addi-tion, the “Glasgow Leaders' Declaration on Forests and Land Use”, signed by 133 countries, was also considered one of the most important breakthroughs of the summit.
The decisions taken at COP26, as for every sector, are closely related to the livestock and animal nutrition sec-tor. Because the sector is already on the agenda with its share of greenhouse gas emissions.
Consumer trends, efficiency and profitability expecta-tions of enterprises, developments in the raw material mar-ket were the main factors that guided the sector in the past. Today, environmental factors, which are also discussed in COP26, are becoming the dominant guiding force. Now breeders and feed manufacturers have to calculate the en-vironmental impact in addition to past factors.
But how possible is this? Is knowing something has to be done enough to do it? In countries where the livestock sector is developed and has literally become an industry,
it may be possible to take a step further and talk about the environmental impact. But what will happen in re-gions such as Africa and Asia, where a significant portion of animal husbandry still progresses at the level of small family businesses? In such countries, where even access to healthy food is a very serious problem, how are we going to tell breeders about the environmental impact, climate change, carbon emissions, alternative animal nutrition solutions?
And what about the transition from animal proteins to vegetable proteins or cultured meat products? Are we really ready for all this? How quickly can we change our consumption habits that settle in our souls? All this will not be as quick and simple as the decisions made on paper.
It is obvious that carbon emissions and environmental impact in all areas, including our industry, should be re-duced rapidly, at least stopped. However, in the livestock industry, I think that it is not a realistic goal to be able to do this all over the world in a short time.
Implementations that are approved on paper but that will actually be carried out only in limited places, on a limited scale, will not benefit the world.
At this point, I thought of a phrase I heard frequently in protest demonstrations;
"Either all of us, or none of us...” Is it meaningless!
PublisherMuhammed [email protected]
Responsible ManagerÖzlem Buyruk [email protected]
Editor-in-ChiefDerya Yıldı[email protected]
EditorsJames Watson Bahadır Büyükkılıç[email protected]
DesignAlper [email protected]
Web DesignCaner Cem [email protected]
Proofreading Lisa [email protected]
Circulation and Data ResponsibleAmine Şengü[email protected]
Ataturk St. Metropol Istanbul Ste. Block C1, No:376 Atasehir, Istanbul/TURKEYPhone: +90 850 220 5064E-Mail: [email protected]: www.feedandadditive.com
Branch: Ste B69, East Rutherford, New Jersey 07073, USA
Publication Type: Periodic (Monthly)
EDITOR COP26 and what it makes you think…Derya YILDIZ
All copyrights belong to Three Plus Media.© May not be used without permission. Responsibility of the ads belongs to the advertisers. feedandaddit ive
@DSMfeedtweet
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN™) is about feeding animals high-quality vitamins in the amounts and ratios appropriate to their life stage and growing conditions.
The new DSM Vitamin Supplementation Guidelines 2016 are the industry’s key reference tool for cost-effective optimization of your vitamin nutrition strategy.
Contact your local DSM expert for more information and please visit www.dsm.com/ovn
Check all vitamin levels in animal feed. Always.
Download the new DSM Vitamin Supplementation Guidelines App now!
DSM Besin Maddeleri Ltd. Şti.Cumhuriyet Cad. Acarlar İş Merkezi D BlokNo: 14 Kat: 6 34810 Kavacık - Beykoz / İstanbul, Turkey Telephone: (+90) 216 538 66 66 • Fax: (+90) 216 322 82 34www.dsmnutritionalproducts.com
C O N T E N T S32ISSUE FOCUS
VITAMINS & MINERALS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
34 WHEN PRECISION FEEDING FOR RUMINANTS MAKES SENSE?Mieke Zoon, Product Manager Minerals & Céline Robin, Product Manager Minerals, Pancosma
38 5 FACTS WHY YOU SHOULD USE CHELATED TRACE MINERALS IN LAYING HENSDr. Susanne Rothstein, R&D Application Manager & Sarah Gravemeyer, R&D Application Manager, Biochem
42 FEEDING FOR IMMUNITY: WHY THE SOURCE OF TRACE MINERAL MATTERSDavi Brito De Araujo, Global Program Manager Trace Minerals, Trouw Nutrition
48 FROM PREMIX TO GUT, INTERACTIONS WITH MINERALS CAN BE COSTLY!David Mathé, Sales Director & Jennifer Maurin, Marketing Director, Animine
52 MAXIMIZE ANIMAL HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE WITH OPTIMUM VITAMIN LEVELSGilberto Litta, Manager, Specialty Eubiotics, Europe Middle East Africa, DSM Animal Nutrition & HealthJosé-María Hernández, Global Marketing Manager Vitamins, DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
SPECIAL STORY
58HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT FOR SALMONELLA CONTROL IN ANIMAL FEEDSPaul Alderliefste, Area Manager, CPM Europe
64WHAT IS PET FOOD SAFETY AND HOW IS IT ACHIEVED?Bartosz Lebida, Technical Service Manager, Kemin Nutrisurance EMEACristina Murcia Garcia, Technical Service Manager, Kemin Nutrisurance EMEAPatrice Gault, Technical Service Manager & Sales Manager, Kemin Nutrisurance EMEAElena Fraccaroli, Technical Service Manager, Kemin Nutrisurance EMEAFrank Clement, Principal Technical Service & Kemin Application Solution Manager, Kemin Nutrisurance EMEA
What is Feed Safety and How is it Achieved?
C O N T E N T SARTICLES
GLOBAL PET FOOD MARKET AND TRENDS 82
REPORTS
FEED PRODUCTION ANALYTICS: BIG DATA IS NOT ENOUGHStefan Hoh, Head of Market Segment Feed Milling & Premix, Bühler AG68
72 AN OUTLOOK ON INDIAN SHRIMP FEED INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURERSR. Dinesh, Assistant Professor, Mandapam Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Ramanathapuram
V. Durai, Assistant Professor, Dr. MGR Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru
78 PET FOOD EXPORT FROM EUROPE TO CHINAFaraji Maleta, Ring One Technology Ltd., Beijing, China
80 IMPORTANCE OF USING GOOD QUALITY CHOLINEBishoy Said, Marketing & Technical Support Specialist of Poultry Nutrition & Feed Additives - Egypt
EUROPEAN FEED INDUSTRY AND 2022 PROJECTION 54
INTERVIEW
Asbjørn Børsting, President, FEFAC
Devenish and Mara secure funding to develop algae-derived products20
ADM unveils nutrition lab in Switzerland to expand R&D activities16
DSM plans new production site for Bovaer in Scotland12
Trouw Nutrition unveils Kinetio for precision piglet feeding23
99% of Norwegian salmon produced without any antibiotic in 202025
Kemin breaks ground on new protein ingredients facility26
JBS enters cultivated protein market with BioTech Foods acquisition28
FRAmelco names Peter Zondervan as new Managing Director8
NEWS
6 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Bayer, an industry leader and innovator in the carbon marketplace, announced with CHS
Inc., the largest agriculture cooperative in the United States, a unique agreement that makes Bayer Crop Science the carbon program partner for CHS and the most accessible carbon program for U.S. farmers.
The agreement brings together two major agricul-ture industry leaders to help more farmers partic-ipate in and benefit from carbon-smart practices. CHS is owned by more than 900 local cooperatives and 75,000 farmers and ranchers across the nation; the relationship will extend the Bayer Carbon Pro-
Bayer and CHS collaborate to bring carbon program access to more farmers
Dinnissen and Ottevanger form strategic partnershipTwo leading companies from the Netherlands, Dinnissen Process Technology and Ottevanger Milling Engineers, have joined forces for a strategic partnership in process technology.
Dinnissen Process Tech-nology and Ottevanger
Milling Engineers formed a stra-tegic alliance to realise customer value, synergy and focus together. The alliance takes shape through a participation in Dinnissen by Bolster Investment Partners and Triott Group, the holding com-pany which Ottevanger forms a part of. The collaboration al-lows Dinnissen to focus more on high-end processing solutions for food, dairy, chemicals, pet food and pharma. For Ottevanger, the alliance offers the opportunity to strengthen its position in the in-ternational feed market.
This step fits in with the ambi-tion of the two companies to real-ise value creation, continuity and growth in a sustainable way. Both production technology compa-
nies have a strong internation-al customer base, which largely complement each other. With the alliance, the companies will con-tinue to shape collaboration in areas such as customer projects, international services, R&D, in-novation and efficiency.
For Dinnissen, the alliance means the company can serve its customer group even better. Also, the collaboration with the Triott Group companies offers the op-portunity to further expand the range of automation solutions, 24/7 support and dosing and storage systems.
For Ottevanger, the alliance of-fers the opportunity to strength-en its position in the interna-tional feed market. Dinnissen’s high-end machines strengthen the current range in the field of
food grade and hygiene. Bolster Investment Partners
has a lot of experience in (in-ternationally) expanding Dutch manufacturing companies and is joining this partnership as a long-term investor. Bolster will sup-port the alliance in realising its growth ambitions with a strong network and with knowledge in the field of organisation, strategy and professionalisation.
Bayer and CHS Inc., two major agriculture industry leaders, agreed to drive adoption of carbon-smart practices by more than 75,000 additional U.S. growers.
NEWS
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 7
gram to CHS farmer-owners across 17 states already covered by the program, and also in Colorado, Montana, Oklahoma and Texas.
“CHS chose to collaborate with Bayer because its carbon program is simple, established and built on the industry’s most connected and widely used plat-form, Climate FieldView,” said Dean Hendrickson, vice president, Agronomy, CHS. “Bayer’s program is easy for growers to use and provides them with flexibility to adopt climate-smart farming practices like strip- and no-till and cover crops.”
“CHS is a trusted farm advisor and we’re looking forward to strengthening our long-term relationship to expand our carbon program to CHS customers,” said Leo Bastos, who leads Global Commercial Ecosystems
for Bayer, including its carbon program. “The Bayer Carbon Program is a natural extension to grow our re-lationship, since we’re both highly committed to agri-culture sustainability and to providing farmers with the latest tools and technologies to promote profitability.”
De Heus acquires Masan’s feed business in VietnamDe Heus Vietnam has strengthened its strategic position in Vietnam by obtaining control of 100% of the feed related business of Masan’s feed business, MNS Feed.
As a follow up to the Memo-randum of Understanding
(MoU) signed between De Heus Vietnam and Masan on 14 Sep-tember 2021, De Heus Vietnam announced the signing of a strate-gic agreement with Masan. As part of the deal, De Heus will obtain control of 100% of the feed relat-ed business of MNS Feed (100% ANCO and 75.2% Proconco).
The feed business of MNS Feed covers 13 animal feed mills and one premix plant, with a total combined production capaci-ty of nearly 4 million tonnes, strengthening De Heus’ position in Southeast Asia’s largest animal feed market. As part of the trans-action, De Heus and Masan have also entered into multiple long term strategic supply agreements for the supply of feed and pigs by
De Heus to Masan.The transaction allows both
companies to optimize and drive productivity of Vietnam’s 3F (feed-farm-food) animal protein value chain, by leveraging on each respective parties’ strength and capabilities.
A promising future is ahead for the combined feed organisa-tion of De Heus and MNS Feed, which will become the largest an-
imal nutrition company active in the Vietnamese independent feed market. The combination will bring together the rich history, knowledge and expertise of both organisations: De Heus’ more than 100 years of nutritional ex-perience and more than a decade of dynamic growth in Vietnam, and MNS Feed as a pioneer in animal nutrition with successful heritage brands.
NEWS
8 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Leading Dutch feed additives manufacturer FRA®melco appointed Peter Zondervan, who has been COO at the company since 2018, as new Managing Director.
Dutch feed addi-tives manufactur-
er FRA®melco announced that Peter Zondervan was appointed as Managing Di-rector. Zondervan has been FRA®melco’s Chief Opera-tional Officer (COO) since 2018 and has more than 20 years of experience in the livestock industry.
“My successor, Mr. Peter Zondervan, is well-acquaint-ed with all colleagues and business partners. Not only because of his work during the last several years, but also because he fulfilled the role of managing director already many years ago under my father’s guidance,” Lars Snijders, former CEO and Managing Director, commented on the appointment.
Peter Zondervan started his professional career at Akzo Nobel after his study Business Econom-ics and Strategic Marketing in 1984. Zondervan became Managing Director of Franklin Group BV and he got acquainted with the Snijders family in 1997. After three years as MD, Zondervan joined Kanters Special Products to take on the position of Commercial Director. After a period of 16 years at Kanters, Zondervan re-united with the Snijders family and joined FRA®melco for the position Chief Operation Officer (COO).
With Zondervan as COO, FRA®melco has cele-brated many successes. FRA®melco expanded and opened a third production site in Thailand, a stra-tegic decision to realize faster supply to the Asian market and to strengthen FRA®melco’s global pres-ence. Meanwhile, production facilities in the Neth-erlands and Spain were upgraded and increased in capacity. The factory in Spain tripled lysolecithin
product capacity to 9,000 tons per year in 2020.
As global market leader in glycerides, FRA®melco develops and manufactures glycerides mixtures of (es-terified) short-chain fatty acids like butyric acid (C4) to medium-chain fatty ac-ids like lauric acid (C12). Glycerides are a perfect tool to reduce antibiotics in an-imal feed. In addition to
glycerides, FRA®melco produces and markets lyso-lecithins. These lysolecithins are highly cost-effec-tive feed additives that improve animal production factors such as growth and FCR.
While glycerides have proven to control pathogens, support natural body defence systems and stimulate intestinal health, lysolecithins are known to maximize fat digestion and enhance nutrient absorption. Both technologies add significant value to animal health and performance. Working with a strong network of business partners, FRA®melco is active in 67 countries.
In December 2020, Bluestar Adisseo announced that it has completed the acquisition of FRA®melco. Adisseo’s global infrastructure and market service will bring FRA®melco’s glyceride and lysolecithin technologies to the next level.
Zondervan has already worked closely with Adis-seo to improve the safety at FRA®melco’s produc-tion facilities and is ready to take on his new po-sition. FRA®melco has a motivated and flexible team that is ready to take on the opportunities that arise from joining Adisseo. FRA® feed additives and FRA® drinking water solutions, together with Adis-seo’s products and support, result in a strong animal nutrition specialty portfolio.
FRAmelco names Peter Zondervan as new Managing Director
Peter ZondervanFRA®melco’s Managing Director
NEWS
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 9
Increased body weight
Increased profitability
Decreased FCR
Read why lysolecithins in
FRA® LeciMax are unique
in their kind as they effectively
improve fat digestion and
nutrient absorption in poultry.
www.Framelco.com
LECIMAXImprove Nutrient Efficiency with FRA® LeciMax
MAXIMIZE FAT ENERGY
NEWS
10 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
FeedKind improves shrimp welfare, reduces EMS risk
Adisseo announces first Adisseo Research Grant winners
FeedKind improves shrimp welfare, reduces EMS riskEarly Mortality Syndrome (EMS)
is one of the biggest issues facing shrimp farming today, having cost the industry billions of dollars since it was first identified in Asia in 2009.
But a new study on the effectiveness of Calysta’s single-cell protein as a shrimp feed ingredient by Kasetsart University has shown a significant im-provement in shrimp immune response to the dis-ease – with survival rates of up to 100% after 15
days exposure, compared to just 76.7% of those fed on a traditional fishmeal-based feed.
The results of the new trial on the effectiveness of Calysta’s single cell protein feed in farmed shrimp also show FeedKind-based feeds are just as effective in promoting growth and survival in shrimp com-pared to traditional fishmeal-based feeds.
The study, carried out by Dr. Orapint at the Nu-trition and Aquafeed Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart Uni-
The two winners of the €1 million first Adisseo Research Grant call were announced during
the last World Poultry Congress (WPC) webinar held on November 9th.
The 1st Adisseo Research Grant was launched mid-May in the aim of encouraging international labs to collaborate on some of the main challeng-es of the feed industry. Those challenges include sustainability, antibiotic bans, new feedstuffs, early feeding and hot conditions.
The two winning projects were:• “How to feed broilers during infection with, and
recovery from coccidia in different environments: functional role of amino acids” presented by Prof. Ilias KYRIAZAKIS (AFBI, Northern Ireland, UK) and Prof. Oluyinka OLUKOSI (University of Geor-gia, USA).
• “GutMIVir – Understanding the contribution of the gut microbiota to mucosal immunity and antiviral defences in the chicken” presented by Dr. Rodrigo GUABIRABA (INRAe), Prof. Bernd
KASPERS (LMU in Germany) and Prof. Lonneke VERVELDE (UEDIN/Roslin, UK).
A new Adisseo Research Grant for the period of 2022-2025 call will be launched by the end of Jan-uary 2022. The winners will be announced at the WPC 2022 in Paris (August 7-11). Applications for collaborative research projects, on poultry or swine, aiming to increase scientific and technical knowl-edge of the industry, are welcome. The projects should address the feed industry challenges to be shortly specified.
New scientific studies have shown shrimp welfare could be dramatically improved if fed Calysta‘s FeedKind® protein, with the feed ingredient significantly reducing Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) risk.
Adisseo announced the two winners of the first Adisseo Research Grant (2021-2024), which received a total of 80 pre-proposals.
NEWS
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 11
Paine Schwartz to buy 50% shares in Hendrix Genetics
Paine Schwartz Partners, a global leader in sustainable
food chain investing, announced that it has entered into a defin-itive agreement with respect to a new strategic investment by Paine Schwartz Food Chain Fund V in Hendrix Genetics, a leading multi-species animal genetics and technology company.
Paine Schwartz and its affili-ated co-investors will hold 50% ownership in the Company. Hen-drix Genetics’ co-founders, Thi-js Hendrix and Antoon van den Berg, will also maintain a 50% ownership position in the Com-pany and work in partnership
with Paine Schwartz to drive the business forward. Investment firm NPM Capital, a sharehold-er in the Company since 2015, will sell its minority interest as an integral part of this transaction. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
Founded in 2005 and head-quartered in Boxmeer, The Neth-erlands, Hendrix Genetics is a leading multi-species animal ge-netics and technology company that provides the animal pro-tein value chain with innovative and sustainable genetic solutions working to support the global food challenge. The Company
has breeding programs in turkeys, laying hens, traditional poultry, swine, salmon, trout and shrimp. The Company serves customers around the world with its portfo-lio of 15 leading brands, includ-ing Hybrid, ISA, Dekalb, Bovans, Shaver, Babcock, Hisex, SASSO, Hypor, Kona Bay, Troutlodge and Landcatch, and has more than 3,500 employees and operations in more than 25 countries.
versity, Bangkok, Thailand, was published earlier in November in the journal, Frontiers in Marine Sci-ence. The study said: “FeedKind does not inhibit growth performance, feed efficiency, or survival of shrimp. Additionally, shrimp in this study demon-strated an increased tolerance to disease when chal-lenged with Vibrio, indicating FeedKind protein may help promote a robust immune response.”
Since its discovery in 2009, EMS has wreaked hav-oc in Asian aquaculture markets. In China, output was reduced by up to 80% in some regions, while Thailand reported $11.5 billion in losses due to the disease between 2010-16. Vietnam had similar is-sues, citing losses of more than $2.5 billion.
The FeedKind study saw Penaeus vannamei shrimp fed a variety of diets, from a control diet comprised of traditional fishmeal-based feed, to di-ets with increasing quantities of FeedKind protein to replace the fishmeal; at 33%, 66% and 100% – up to a total of 15% of feed.
The shrimp then spent 15 days continuously ex-
posed to the causative agent of EMS, Vibrio par-ahaemolyticus. All shrimp on the FeedKind-based diets showed greater survival rates compared to the fishmeal-based feed, from 76.7% in the control, to 86.7% at 5% FeedKind, 96.7% in 10% FeedKind and 100% in the 15% concentration of FeedKind.
The current study has shown that fishmeal can be entirely replaced in shrimp diets with FeedKind. Additionally, the replacement of fishmeal with methanotroph bacteria meal protein, FeedKind, followed by a natural V. parahaemolyticus challenge led to improved survival.
Paine Schwartz Partners announced a new strategic investment to buy 50% stakes in Hendrix Genetics, a leading animal genetics and technology company.
NEWS
12 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Royal DSM announced at COP26 in Glasgow that it is planning to realize large scale pro-
duction capacity for its novel methane-reducing feed additive for ruminants, Bovaer® with a new plant at its existing site in Dalry, Scotland, support-ed by Scottish Enterprise.
Reducing methane emissions is crucial to reach the Paris Agreement target of maximum 1.5 degree warming, especially since methane's warming effect is shorter lived and much more potent than carbon dioxide. Therefore eliminating methane will pay off right away. Experts at COP26 have emphasized the great impact additional focus on methane emission reduction can have, which was also expressed in the recently announced global pledge aiming at reducing methane emissions by 30% by 2030. Amongst other
things, methane is emitted from cows – over 50% of emissions from milk production come in the form of enteric methane emission. Bovaer® is a feed additive for cows which consistently reduces enteric meth-ane emission by approximately 30% for ruminants. The endeavor to develop Bovaer® encompassed over 10 years, 45 on-farm trials in 13 countries across 4 continents, and more than 48 peer-reviewed studies published in independent scientific journals.
Early in September 2021, DSM received full regula-tory approvals in Brazil and Chile for its feed additive Bovaer®. DSM has available initial commercial prod-uct volumes for near term market development. To prepare for further scale up in the next years, engineer-ing for a new large plant in Dalry has started, which is targeted to be started up in the course of 2025.
DSM receives positive EFSA opinion for methane-reducing feed additive Bovaer®Royal DSM announced that it has received a positive European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) opinion for the use of its novel methane-reducing feed additive for ruminants, Bovaer®, in the European Union.
Royal DSM, a global pur-pose-led science-based
company, announced that it has received a positive opinion from the European Food Safety Agen-cy (EFSA) for the use of its novel methane-reducing feed additive for ruminants, Bovaer®, in the Eu-ropean Union. The EFSA opinion confirms that the feed additive re-duces enteric methane emissions from dairy cows and is safe for the animal and the consumer. This opinion progresses the applica-tion to the final stage of approval from the European Commission Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed.
Bovaer® is the result of a decade of scientific research, including more than 50 peer-reviewed studies published in independent scientific journals and 45 on-farm trials in 13 countries across 4 continents. Since receiving full regulatory approvals in Brazil and Chile for Bovaer® in early September 2021, DSM has signed
a development agreement with JBS S.A., one of the world's largest food producers. European Commission approval would allow DSM to start market development in Europe in the first half of 2022. DSM has al-ready begun engineering for a new large scale production facility for Bovaer in Dalry, Scotland.
DSM plans new production site for Bovaer in Scotland
NEWS
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 13
Bühler lays foundation for Energy & Manufacturing Technology Center
Bühler announced the offi-cial start of construction
of its Energy & Manufacturing Technology Center on Nov. 8th. With this move, the Uzwil-based technology group is strengthen-ing two of its main pillars: train-ing and education as well as in-novation at the interface between design and manufacturing. This further expansion step is part of the long-term renewal strategy, which also includes the CUBIC Innovation Campus inaugurat-ed three years ago. This strategy is now being systematically pur-sued. Bühler is therefore further strengthening its Uzwil site. The
Center is scheduled to open in the second quarter of 2023.
The completely redesigned Energy Center will accommodate Bühler's now globally established vocation-al training, the concept of lifelong learning for employees, and an in-novative health center. All three
elements will serve to sustainably ensure the knowledge and health required today and tomorrow. With these priorities, which all focus on people, Bühler is making an im-portant contribution to its long-term success and further enhancing the attractiveness of its workplaces.
Bühler Group held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Bühler Energy & Manufacturing Technology Center.
SFR starts research about laying roosters
For the marketing of eggs in Germany, Dutch laying hen
farmers must comply with Ger-man legislation. This legislation (in force from 2022) stipulates that the brothers of laying hens may not be killed immediately af-ter hatching but must be kept until at least 90 days old. In Ovo gender determination is currently the only al-ternative, but still too expensive or not feasible, so more and more set-up of these laying roosters is taking place.
SFR responds to this development and has re-cently started (feed) research with a first round of laying hens. It was decided to breed the brothers of our (future) laying hens in our own facilities, so that
this could be combined with the existing nutritional research. Within the concept, the roosters must reach a delivery weight of 1,300 grams, in a period of at least 90 days.
The following information about the research has been provided in a statement made by SRF: “In this research, we work with 3 dif-ferent feeding strategies, conducted over 3 phases. It is examined how the roosters can be kept as efficiently as possible up to the target weight. We examine how much forage the animals eat, what this does to growth and which of the feeding strategies is the most cost-ef-fective without compromising animal welfare.”
NEWS
14 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Pilgrim’s UK, the leading food and farming business
and the world’s largest producer of higher welfare pork, has further shown its commitment to British farming with the acquisition of Randall Parker Foods (RPF).
RPF’s two manufacturing facil-ities – an abattoir in Powys pro-cessing up to 20,000 lambs a week and a retail packing plant in An-dover – will form part of Pilgrim’s UK’s Dalehead Foods division.
All 350 RPF employees, in-cluding its management teams, will remain in place under exist-
ing terms and conditions, with the business planning to invest further in the two sites.
Dalehead Foods has supplied customers with lamb for more than 40 years and has worked with RPF for almost 30 years. This ac-quisition connects its lamb supply chain, bringing its farmers and customers closer together.
The UK is world’s fifth largest producer and third largest exporter of lamb and mutton and the acqui-sition will help Pilgrim’s UK capi-talise on the popularity of British lamb with export customers.
Andrew Cracknell, Chief Execu-tive Officer at Pilgrim’s UK, said: “Randall Parker Foods has a strong reputation as a processor of quality lamb and having worked with Dale-head Foods for almost 30 of the 40 years we have been producing lamb products this acquisition is a natu-ral fit for both organisations.
Pilgrim’s UK acquires Randall Parker Foods
Thai Union invests in insect-based pet treats
Thai Union Group PCL, one of the world’s leading seafood pro-
ducers, announced that its Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) Fund has in-vested in Orgafeed, an insect-based pet treat start-up in Thailand.
Founded in 2018, Orgafeed pro-duces sustainable pet food and pet treats based on insect protein under their brand “Laika”. They use black soldier fly larvae, which are raised on a diet from pre-consumed food waste, supporting circular economy principles. Or-gafeed has been a part of the first batch of SPACE-F, Thailand’s first global food-tech startup incubator and accelerator, co-founded by Thai Union in 2019.
The investment in Orgafeed and further collaboration will support the future growth of Thai Union PetCare (now “i-Tail”), and is in line with i-Tail’s new roadmap that utilizes innovation to enhance the nutritional aspect of the company’s products.
Thai Union’s pet product port-folio includes market-ready brands such as Marvo, Bellota, Paramount, and Calico Bay and a vast number
of private-labels under customer brand names. Thai Union recently expanded its pet food operations in Japan by forming a subsidiary to distribute, sell and import pet food and pet-related products.
Pilgrim’s UK, the world’s largest producer of higher welfare pork, has acquired Randall Parker Foods (RPF). RPF’s two manufacturing facilities will form part of Pilgrim’s UK’s Dalehead Foods division.
Thai Union Group PCL (Thai Union), via its Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) Fund, has invested in Orgafeed, one of the leading insect-based pet treat start-ups in Thailand.
NEWS
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 15
THINK FURTHER...
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Faster. Better. Stronger. Adisseo’s phytaseFaster. Better. Stronger. Adisseo’s phytase
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NEWS
16 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
ADM unveils nutrition lab in Switzerland to expand R&D activities
Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, a global
leader in nutrition and agricultur-al origination and processing, an-nounced the opening of its new an-imal nutrition laboratory located in Rolle, Switzerland, at the heart of the Swiss Food & Nutrition Valley. The new lab will support the development of science-based feed additives to meet customer needs for petfood, aquaculture and livestock species worldwide.
Sustainability, health through nutrition and production effi-ciency, the core of ADM’s global Animal Nutrition research strate-gy, will be supported by the new lab. The team of scientists will ac-celerate the development of inno-vative products to address some of the main challenges of animal production with sustainability at
the forefront. For example, scien-tists will develop precise methods to characterize molecules and its modes of action, as well as to sup-port product stability studies and traceability in feed.
“The opening of our new lab-oratory is a very exciting devel-opment for ADM, enhancing our capabilities in the region, which is known for innovation,” said Pierre-Christophe Duprat, Pres-ident of Animal Nutrition. “It
complements our existing global R&D network of over 140 sci-entists and technicians and pro-vides greater emphasis on ADM’s sustainability efforts by devel-oping innovative, science-based products for our customers. By enhancing our animal nutrition business in Rolle, we will contin-ue to strengthen the company’s commitment to solve tomorrow’s nutritional challenges” added Duprat.
ADM opened its new animal nutrition laboratory located in Rolle, Switzerland, at the heart of the Swiss Food & Nutrition Valley. The new lab will support the development of science-based feed additives.
Arla Foods launches new 5-year dairy strategyThe European dairy cooperative Arla Foods committed, in the next five years, to increase its investments by more than 40% to over 4 billion Euros focused on sustainability, digitalization, new production technologies and product development.
Globally, demand for dairy products is grow-ing, and at the same time consumers are
becoming more conscientious and expect the food they eat to be healthy and affordable, and produced responsibly and sustainably.
In the next five years, the global dairy market is expected to grow by 2% each year. In the Middle
East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific countries a grow-ing population will drive an increased demand for dairy nutrition. In Europe, where dairy has been a more integral part of daily meals for many years, consumers now search for products that meet their needs within health and wellness, convenience, and sustainable production.
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 17
Orego-Stim supports piglet health & performance in the absence of antibiotics - study
An independent study, con-ducted on a commercial
pig unit in Greece from wean-ing for 21 days, has shown that Orego-Stim, natural oregano es-sential oil, supports piglet health and alleviates the impact of post-weaning scour. Thus, reduc-ing the need for antibiotics at this critical period in the life cycle.
The results also show that, piglets fed Orego-Stim supple-mented diets recorded improved survivability and growth perfor-mance and a reduced number of positive faecal E. coli counts.
In the trial, for the first seven days post-weaning all piglets were fed a commercial basal starter diet. At eight days post-weaning, piglets were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatment groups; no feed additives (con-trol); antibiotic (1kg colistin) treatment; Orego-Stim (0.5 kg/tonne) supplementation or anti-
biotic (2kg Baytril) treatment. Piglets fed diets supplemented
with Orego-Stim had 0 percent mortality over the course of the study, as did piglets fed diets treated with the antibiotic Bay-tril. This was 11.1 percent lower than the control group of piglets and 5.6 percent lower than those fed diets supplemented with the antibiotic colistin.
In addition, Orego-Stim also helped reduce the number of positive E. coli counts in faecal samples. And, when consider-
ing incidence of post-weaning scours, Orego-Stim reduced the incidence of diarrhoea compared to the control and colistin treated groups, whilst matching the per-formance of Baytril.
Piglet growth performance was also improved by supplementing diets with Orego-Stim. Average daily gain was significantly in-creased compared to the negative control and colistin supplement-ed piglets. Orego-Stim supple-mented piglets performed as well as those treated with Baytril.
According to an independent study conducted on piglets, Orego-Stim - natural oregano essential oil - supports piglet health and performance in the absence of antibiotics.
With this global outlook and building on its successful Good Growth 2020 strategy securing growth and market leading po-sitions in both territories, dairy categories and its global brands, in the next five years Arla is pre-pared to increase its investments by more than 40% to 4+ billion EUR in sustainability actions,
product innovations, capacity ex-pansions and digitalization while also delivering one of the indus-try’s most competitive milk pric-es to its farmer owners. Arla has just announced a new retainment policy allocating a higher supple-mentary payment of 1+ billion EUR over the next strategy period to support its farmer owners on
their sustainability journey. Go-ing forward, the supplementary payment will be 1.5 EURc per kg of milk instead of the current 1.0 EURc per kg of milk, provided the company achieves an annual net profit of at least 2.8% of reve-nue, and to be paid out in two in-stallments in March and Septem-ber instead of only once a year.
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18 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Skretting and Atlantic Sapphire ASA announced Skretting’s intention to construct a specialized
state-of-the-art feed plant for land-based salmon in Florida to serve Atlantic Sapphire’s US operations with market-leading feeds specialized for Bluehouse farming.
A local feed plant will minimize the carbon foot-print of transporting the feed to the facility, and is expected to cut Atlantic Sapphire’s logistics cost, and thereby it’s cost of production, by approximate-ly USD 0.3/kg HOG.
Hill's Pet Nutrition and Bond Pet Foods will collaborate to develop sustainable meat protein to provide long-term options for cat and dog nutrition.
Hill's Pet Nutrition partners with Bond Pet Foods to develop craft meat protein
Hill's Pet Nutrition, a glob-al leader in biology-based
pet nutrition, and Bond Pet Foods, Inc., the Boulder-based leader in creating meat proteins via fermen-tation for pet food applications, announced an industry-first part-nership to develop an alternative to one of Hill's most popular meat proteins, made specifically to ad-dress the dietary needs of cats and dogs. This collaboration marks an important advancement as the pet food industry champions new technologies to provide more sus-tainable ingredient solutions for pet nutrition.
The collaboration supports Hill's sustainability mission to leave the world a better place for people and pets by incorporating sustainability into everything the company does. Further, the col-
laboration was fostered through Plug and Play, a global innovation platform that works with startups that are creating ideas to transform animal health and agriculture. As a founding partner of Plug and Play's Topeka office located in the KC Animal Health Corridor, Hill's works collaboratively with the organization to support and work with select startups on stra-tegic collaborations and pilot pro-grams, such as Bond Pet Foods.
Bond Pet Foods was founded in 2015 with a mission to create more
sustainable, responsible, and hu-mane food by reimagining meat- the mainstay of our pets' diets. Dogs and cats are voracious consumers of animal proteins. Protein is an important part of every pet's nu-tritional requirement and is essen-tial for repairing and making new cells in their bodies. As the world's population grows and demands for resources grows with it, new tech-nologies will be key in providing alternative protein sources to ensure pets will continue to have access to sustainable, premium nutrition.
Skretting and Atlantic Sapphire to collaborate for local feed supplySkretting, the aquaculture division of Nutreco, and Atlantic Sapphire ASA have entered into an agreement to secure local feed supply. Skretting will build a state-of-the-art feed plant for land-based salmon in Florida to serve Atlantic Sapphire’s US operations for Bluehouse farming feeds.
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 19
Skretting intends to build and finance the feed plant, while Atlantic Sapphire will commit to source the majority of its salmon feed demand from Skretting over the contract period, which is expected to span 10 years. The all-in feed price will be determined by the actual cost per specific diet and can only be influenced by factors outside the control of Skretting. The agree-ment contains contractual mechanisms to ensure that Atlantic Sapphire always has access to market leading salmon feeds in terms of both quality and value, while Skretting continues to exceed industry standards.
Atlantic Sapphire has chosen its partner based on the unparalleled track record Skretting has demon-strated within R&D. The long-term feed agreement commits both parties to a close cooperation on R&D and development of Bluehouse feeds of the future, through both financial commitments and sharing of knowledge from and between the two organizations. Accessing the right feed quality and
diet is critical for the biological performance of the fish and for the water quality within the RAS facil-ity. Skretting and Atlantic Sapphire expect contin-uous improvements going forward that will result in better fish welfare, higher product quality, im-proved sustainability and lower cost of production.
The construction of the feed plant is subject to Skretting receiving all necessary permits to build and operate the feed plant after which a final in-vestment decision will be taken.
Royal DSM announced that it signed an agreement to
acquire Norwegian company Vest-korn Milling, one of Europe's lead-ing producers of pea- and bean-de-rived ingredients for plant-based protein products, for an enterprise value of €65 million.
Vestkorn Milling is well-posi-tioned in the buoyant alternative protein market, supplying pro-teins, starches and dietary fibers for plant-based foods, pet food and animal feed. The company has 55 employees and is based in Tau on the south-west coast of Norway.
The acquisition is a further step
in DSM's strategy to build an al-ternative protein business and will provide synergy with DSM's innovative CanolaPRO™ rape-seed protein isolate, which will commercially launch in 2022.
Vestkorn Milling's proteins, starches and dietary fibers are high-ly complementary to DSM's broad offering to companies developing plant-based food and beverages, which includes vitamins, algal lip-ids and minerals to improve nutri-tional value; texturizing hydrocol-loids; and flavors and yeast extracts as well as enzymes to improve pro-tein taste and functionality.
The combination will further-more help DSM deliver on its Food System Commitments to reach 150 million people with de-licious, nutritious and sustainable plant-based protein foods by 2030.
Subject to customary condi-tions, the transaction is expected to close by the end of 2021.
DSM to acquire Vestkorn Milling for plant-based proteins growthRoyal DSM signed an agreement to acquire Norway-based Vestkorn Milling, one of Europe's leading producers of pea- and bean-derived ingredients for plant-based protein products, for €65 million.
NEWS
20 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) was add-ed to the European Union’s (EU) list of ap-
proved food on Nov. 12th as part of the bloc’s push towards more sustainable farming and diets.
It was the second time the EU gave the green light an insect was safe for humans to eat after the dried yellow mealworm larvae of beetle tenebrio molitor was authorised in June. A third, the house cricket, could follow soon.
The European Commission, which authorised the migratory locusts as a human food, said the locusts could be marketed as a snack or as a food ingredient either in dried or frozen form with wings and legs removed or as powder.
The EU authorization will come into force on De-
cember 5th, 2021. The review followed an application in 2018 from
Netherlands-based Fair Insects BV, professional breeders of mealworm, crickets and locusts owned by Dutch firm Protix. The latter’s insect-based products are principally used as pet and chicken feed.
EU approves migratory locust as novel food
Devenish is receiving fund-ing of up to £384,216
from Innovate UK and Mara Re-newables Corporation is receiv-ing advisory services and research and development funding of up to $376,247 (CAD) from the Na-tional Research Council of Cana-da Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC IRAP).
The result of a joint bid with Canadian headquartered biotech company Mara, the partners will use the funds to develop an inno-vative algae-derived poultry feed with the aim of improving hu-man health worldwide.
“The typical human diet lacks health-promoting fats such
as Omega-3 DHA. The main source of these nutrients is oily fish, yet the recommended one serving per week is consumed by very few across the globe. There is, therefore, a public health need to make the consumption of Omega-3 DHA more acces-sible through more popular, globally consumed foods, such as poultry meat, and this is where the nutritional expertise of Devenish and Mara’s patent protected manufacturing meth-od combine to great effect,” De-venish Chief Executive Richard Kennedy explains.
Matthew Sharman, Group Science and Technical Manag-
er, Devenish added: “Produced with sustainability in mind and dense in nutrients, this chicken will provide an important source of omega-3 DHA oils in the hu-man diet, whilst enhancing the overall efficiency of poultry pro-duction. The processes involved will reduce the carbon footprint of omega-3 DHA production and develop a novel sustainable protein source, making progress towards the goal of achieving net zero agriculture emissions. We are enthusiastic to launch this proj-ect, the findings from which we believe will inspire similar work within other species sectors such as aquaculture and pigs.”
Devenish and Mara secure funding to develop algae-derived productsNorthern Ireland-based agri-tech company Devenish and Canadian partner Mara have secured funding support to develop an innovative algae-derived poultry feed that will improve human and environmental health.
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De Heus Indonesia inaugurates two new production towers
De Heus Indonesia inau-gurated two new high-
tech production towers. The two towers are intended for poultry feed production (Poul-try Tower) and fish and shrimp feed production (Aqua Tower). The presence of these two tow-ers is considered to be able to increase production, accelerate distribution, and better reach customer needs for De Heus products throughout Indonesia.
“Since entering Indonesia in 2018, De Heus has gone through various developments with a focus on three values, namely Care, Modernize, and Grow,” said Kay de Vreese, President Director of De Heus Indo-
nesia. “We are committed to providing safe and healthy animal nutrition. By using the latest technology in this factory, it gives a new spirit to create a positive impact in the production of animal protein, making our work more effec-
tive, optimal, and professional so that De Heus can grow even more rapidly,” he added.
“Along with the increasing demand and expanding market demand for De Heus Indonesia products, we hope that production activities in this new tower will be more effective and can meet customer demands and even exceed them,” said Indra Kusuma, AVP for Production.
De Heus Indonesia inaugurated two new high-tech production towers for poultry feed and aqua feed to increase production capacity.
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22 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, a listed high-tech yeast company in China, has launched AngeoPro
F80, a vegan-friendly, allergen-free, natural-origin yeast protein. An ideal solution to complement plant-based protein sources to meet the growing demand for protein across the globe, AngeoPro F80 is rich in nu-trition and protein content with properties that can neutralize off-flavors and boost the overall taste profile.
“As a unique microbial protein, yeast protein can not only provide similar nutritional value to ani-mal protein, but also address the concerns involving plant-based protein such as genetic modification
and shortage of land resources. We believe yeast protein is one of the best alternative protein sources
Angel Yeast introduces yeast protein AngeoPro F80
Kemin Industries has introduced TOXFIN CARE, a new mycotoxin management solution that reinforces the immune system, safeguards organs and prevents loss in performance and productivity.
Angel Yeast has introduced AngeoPro F80, its new plant-based and vegan-friendly yeast protein, which is rich in nutrition and protein content.
Kemin Industries has launched a new solution
in Europe, TOXFIN® CARE, fo-cused on preventing loss in per-formance and productivity by safeguarding animal organs and tissue from potential damage caused by mycotoxins.
Mycotoxin management is a crucial element in every live-stock diet, as contaminated feed is a major challenge within the animal nutrition and health in-dustry. Kemin aims to reinforce the immune system, protecting poultry, ruminants and pigs from the not-always-visible, negative effects of mycotoxins.
Mycotoxin management is cru-
cial, so Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health – EMENA offers an extensive portfolio of mycotox-in management solutions for its customers, with each product an-swering specific customer needs.
Along with a complete TOX-FIN range, Kemin Animal Nu-trition and Health – EMENA of-fers the Mycotoxin Management Toolbox, which allows for correct assessment and offers a solution to address the root of the prob-lem – resulting in solutions for feed safety and overall protection of the animal.
Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health – EMENA’s Mycotoxin Management Toolbox mitigates
mycotoxin risk with Kemin’s Cus-tomer Laboratory Services feed analysis on mycotoxins; protects production animals using the TOXFIN range of solutions to control mycotoxins; and enables feed control with Myco CURB®, the industry-leading mould con-trol product for feed preservation.
Kemin launches TOXFIN CARE all-in-one protection against mycotoxins
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 23
in the market now,” said Eric Ao, General Manager of Angel Yeast Europe Division.
Yeast protein is made through an eco-friendly fermentation process that minimizes environmen-tal impact, requires limited land use for cultiva-tion and is less affected by harvest and seasonality that plant-based protein production is subjected to. Research shows that the carbon emission gen-erated during the production of yeast protein is 20 times less than that of beef, so it is a sustainable protein in comparison to other more resource-in-
tensive and environmentally impactful options. In addition, yeast protein does not contain any ge-netically modified organisms, suitable for vegans, vegetarians, and flexitarians.
Besides inheriting all the benefits of yeast protein, AngeoPro F80’s high protein content is on a par with plant-based protein, and some of the essential amino acids in AngeoPro F80 has nearly double the amount of WHO/FAC recommendations, includ-ing lysine (9.43g/100g), isoleucine (5.94g/100g) and leucine (9.78g/100g).
Trouw Nutrition has unveiled its latest innovation for precision piglet feeding. The patented technology of Kinetio helps to optimise the digestion of nutrients in young pigs.
Trouw Nutrition, the ani-mal nutrition division of
Nutreco, has announced its latest innovation in animal nutrition. The patented technology of Ki-netio helps to optimise the diges-tion of nutrients in piglets.
The rate of digestion of nutrients is important as this can positive-ly influence feed intake, and per-formance of piglets. However, in stressful conditions, such as wean-ing, the digestion rate of dietary fractions might be slowed down significantly. The (poorly digested) nutrients stay longer in the diges-tive tract of the animal and spur overgrowth of potential pathogen-ic bacteria in the large intestine. This in turn can lead to: diarrhoea, performance losses and mortality. With Kinetio, digestion of nutri-ents and transit time is improved.
Not all nutrient fractions have the same rate of digestion. Kinetio
uses degradation kinetics (speed of digestion) to analyse insoluble and soluble dietary protein, starch and fibre in the feedstuffs. This infor-mation is then used to provide nu-tritional recommendations and for-mulate a piglet diet that supports optimal pre-digestion in the stom-ach, maximises nutrient absorption in the small intestine and keeps the amount of undigested protein in the large intestine as low as possi-ble. Moreover, using nutrient ki-netics as part of diet formulation
enables pig producers to use their raw materials in a targeted way.
Kinetio was developed by ex-tensive research (in cooperation with ForFarmers, the biggest compound feed producer in Eu-rope) and through a validation process, including over 12 trials. Studies showed that applying Ki-netio in stressful situations, like weaning, results in:
• 25% reduction in diarrhoea,• 4% improvement in body
weight.
Trouw Nutrition unveils Kinetio for precision piglet feeding
NEWS
24 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
CP Foods launches “MEAT ZERO” overseas for the first time
Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL. (CP Foods) launched “MEAT ZERO”, Thailand’s best-
selling plant-based brand, in Singapore and Hong Kong. This is the first time it is officially available in international markets.
The brand aims to become no.1 plant-based brand in Asia within 3 years. CP Foods also plans to export the plant-based products to North America, Europe and other markets later on.
It took more than three years to produce the plant-based meat products and 2,000 experiments helmed by hundreds of researchers and teams from CP Foods Food Research and Development Cen-tre. MEAT ZERO partnered with Fuji Oil from Japan, a world-class plant-based products compa-ny, as well as experts from the U.S and Taiwan to develop PLANT-TEC innovation.
The innovation makes the nutritious brand is as tasty
as real meat and consumers are barely able to tell if they are eating plants or real meats, and it contains health nutrition from high fiber plant-based protein, which is good for intestine and bowel, and low cholesterol.
The brand enjoys success at its home country. Over 4 million packs were sold in Thailand since launched in May this year. It also won BEST PLANT-BASED BRANDING from Root The Fu-ture Plant-Based Food Awards 2021.
USDA funds scientific collaboration to reduce methane emissions in dairy operations
The Nature Conservancy, the Innovation Center
for U.S. Dairy, and the Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) are launching a three-year project to explore in-novative feed management strate-gies that can reduce enteric meth-ane emissions in dairy cattle. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recently announced a
$537,440 award for this project through its Conservation Inno-vation Grants On-Farm Conser-vation Innovation Trial program. With project partner resource contributions, the project will to-tal more than $800,000.
Working with up to 10 dairy farms in Michigan and Wiscon-sin, this project will combine on-farm trials and demonstrations of
emerging technologies with stra-tegic engagement of critical stake-holders including farmers, farm advisors, industry, carbon market players, and regulators for scaling the adoption of feed management strategies. The project will provide direct financial support to partici-pating farmers to cover their costs of participation and as a direct in-centive to participate.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) awarded $537,440 to a three-year project, which will conduct on-farm trials of innovative feed management strategies that can reduce enteric methane emissions in dairy cattle.
CP Foods launched “MEAT ZERO” overseas for the first time starting in Singapore and Hong Kong. The brand aims to become no.1 plant-based brand in Asia.
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 25
99% of Norwegian salmon produced without any antibiotic in 2020
The Norwegian aquaculture industry uses less antibiot-
ics than any other animal farming, and in 2020, 99 percent of Norwe-gian salmon have never been treat-ed with any form of antibiotic.
The latest annual report on the use of antibiotics in Norwegian animal husbandry and food pro-duction showcases the Norwegian aquaculture industry’s success in minimising the use of antibiotics in salmon farming. Last year saw the lowest ever number of veter-inary antibiotic treatment pre-scriptions for Norwegian aqua-
culture farms, 48 in total.“It means that 99 percent of
Norwegian farmed salmon were produced without any antibiot-ic treatments, and thanks to our rigorous controls, consumers can have total confidence Norwegian salmon is completely antibiotics free,” Norwegian Seafood Coun-cil said in a statement.
No residues of antibiotics, medicines or illegal substances have ever been found in Norwe-gian salmon, according to annual studies by the Institute of Marine Research in Norway.
The World Health Organiza-tion has recognised and acknowl-edged Norway’s efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics in fish farm-ing. While production continues to rise, the use of antibiotics con-tinues to drop.
ADM has completed its acquisition of Serbia-based Sojaprotein, a leading provider of non-GMO soy ingredients, strengthening its plant based-protein capabilities.
Norwegian Seafood Council has announced that 99 percent of Norwegian farmed salmon were produced without any antibiotic treatments last year.
ADM announced that it has completed its ac-quisition of Sojaprotein, a leading European
provider of non-GMO soy ingredients. The addi-tion represents a significant expansion of ADM’s global alternative protein capabilities and its ability to meet growing demand for plant-based foods and beverages.
Established in 1977, Serbia-based Sojaprotein ex-ports into 65 countries, offering a wide range of non-GMO vegetable protein ingredients for an extensive list of European and global customers in the meat al-ternative, confectionary, protein bar, pharmaceutical, pet food, and animal feed segments. The company achieved more than $100 million in sales in 2020.
The addition of Sojaprotein to ADM’s portfolio
is the latest significant investment as the company continues to grow in alternative proteins; other ad-ditions include the company’s soy protein complex in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; its new pea protein plant in Enderlin, North Dakota; its PlantPlus Foods joint venture; and partnerships with innovative start-ups like Air Protein.
ADM completes acquisition of Sojaprotein
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26 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Kemin breaks ground on new protein ingredients facility
Kemin Industries broke ground on Nov. 12th on a
new manufacturing site in Vero-na, Missouri, to produce clean-la-bel ingredients that are used in a variety of applications for the food technologies sector.
The new facility, scheduled to open in March 2023, will be a state-of-the-art production plant for Kemin Food Technol-ogies – Americas to manufacture its Proteus® portfolio of patent-ed, clean-label protein ingredi-ents for meat, poultry and pro-tein-based applications. Kemin acquired Proteus Industries in April 2021, adding to Kemin’s innovative portfolio for sustain-able, yield-enhancing technology
to further expand its global Food Technologies business.
The new 38,000-square-foot production plant is a $40 mil-lion investment and will employ more than 30 full-time workers in the Verona community once it’s fully operational. The site will have an initial capacity to create applications for more than 100 billion pounds of meat,
poultry and protein-based ingre-dients that allow food processors to produce meat products with improved quality and patented clean-label ingredients.
Since 2011, Kemin has had a presence in Missouri when Kemin Nutrisurance, the company's pet food and rendering technologies business unit, opened its first man-ufacturing facility in the region.
Kemin Industries broke ground for a new facility to produce clean-label protein ingredients for meat and poultry industries. The company will make $40 million investment for the 38,000-square-foot production plant in Missouri, US.
Virbac completes Centrovet acquisitionVirbac Group completed the acquisition of the remaining minority shares of the Centrovet Group of Chile.
France-based animal nu-trition company Virbac
Group purchased the remaining minority shares of the Chilean Centrovet Group, thus con-trolling 100 percent of the stakes.
“With this acquisition, we are consolidating our position in this promising market and strate-gic aquaculture segment for our Group. Centrovet, thanks to its industrial footprint and R&D in-frastructures, gives us a real com-
petitive advantage in the Chilean aquaculture industry. With a high-ly engaged team, we have the am-bition to further bring innovative products and solutions to the local market and to search for additional synergies on the R&D and man-ufacturing sides between the cold and warm-water fish segments,” said Sébastien Huron, Chief Exec-utive Officer of Virbac Group.
The consideration paid for the ac-quisition of this stake is US $43.7
million, paid in full and in cash upon closing, to which will be add-ed, if applicable, an additional con-sideration subject to the fulfillment of conditions and which will be less than 10% of the purchase price.
The most important additive is intelligence
In your quest for profitable, sustainable production draw on our global resources and leading-edge science. They provide you with relevant insights to help you make complex decisions with confidence. We’re just a phone call or an email away.
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Elanco joins new consortium advancing climate-neutral cattle innovation
Elanco Animal Health In-corporated announced its
position as a founding member of the Greener Cattle Initiative, a re-search consortium that expects to award approximately $5 million over the next five years to support research into tangible, actionable solutions for potentially reducing enteric methane emissions from cattle, a key opportunity to help mitigate climate change.
Led by the Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research (FFAR), each member of the consortium will review applications, com-mit funding to research ideas that show promise, and hold the option to further fund and de-velop individual projects, a col-laborative effort that will speed innovation in an area where ev-ery second matters. According to the United Nations1, the world
must begin significantly reduc-ing emissions in this decade to prevent irreversible damage to the planet.
“We as an industry have a unique opportunity to be a solu-tion to climate change while de-livering nutrition to people who desperately need it,” said Ellen de Brabander, Elanco executive vice president of Innovation and Reg-ulatory Affairs.
Elanco Animal Health has joined Greener Cattle Initiative, which brings together industries to provide funding for methane-reducing innovation in beef and dairy production.
The most important additive is intelligence
In your quest for profitable, sustainable production draw on our global resources and leading-edge science. They provide you with relevant insights to help you make complex decisions with confidence. We’re just a phone call or an email away.
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As carbon taxes and climate change influence the economics and environmental aspects of farming, Trouw Nutrition, Nutreco’s animal nutrition division, is introducing a life cycle analyses (LCA) component to its proprietary Watson® predictive service tool. Go-ing beyond the ability to optimize the nutritional and economic profile of feed, Watson predicts how chang-es to feed inputs and farm management can influence environmental indicators such as climate change, eutrophication, acidification, land use, renewable re-sources, and water scarcity. The integrated service tool
evaluates inputs to predict outcomes across animal production phases and at critical points along the sup-ply chain. A series of systems integrates animal biol-ogy, feed formulation, and environmental conditions into a life cycle analysis model for driving decisions that support animal performance, farm economics and environmental stewardship (Figure 1).
Many factors contribute to greenhouse gas emis-sions, including food production which accounts for 27.6% of the total emissions. As animal agriculture is committed to reducing its contribution, Trouw Nu-
Trouw Nutrition announces new predictive service tool
The world’s largest animal protein company JBS has agreed to acquire Spanish BioTech Foods company, entering the cultivated protein market.
Trouw Nutrition, the animal nutrition division of Nutreco, has introduced Watson service tool, which uses life cycle analysis (LCA) to predict how nutrition and farm management practices can support environmental sustainability and economics.
JBS, the largest global protein company and the world's sec-
ond-largest in food industry, has entered into an agreement to ac-quire control of Spanish company BioTech Foods. The deal signals the company's entry into the culti-vated protein market, which con-sists of producing food from ani-mal cells and includes investment in building a new plant in Spain to scale up production. Along with the acquisition, JBS also an-nounced the setting up of Brazil's first cultivated protein research & development (R&D) center. In all, JBS will channel US$ 100 mil-lion to the two projects.
Founded in 2017, BioTech Foods is one of the leaders in the development of biotechnol-ogy for producing cultivated protein, and has the support of the Spanish government and the European Union. The company operates a pilot plant in the city of San Sebastián and expects to reach commercial production in mid-2024 with the building of this new production facility. The investment in the new facilities is estimated at US$ 41 million.
Under the terms of the deal, JBS becomes the majority share-holder of BioTech Foods. The deal enables both companies to pool
their strengths and accelerate the development of the cultivated protein market. JBS will have ac-cess to BioTech Foods technology and protein production capabili-ty while providing the industrial processing capacity, marketing structure and sales channels to bring the new product to market.
JBS enters cultivated protein market with BioTech Foods acquisition
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 29
trition continues to support efforts in this area. Wat-son considers how feed intake influences not just the animal, but the environment. The model can predict the levels of environmental pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorous that will be retained in the animal vs. excreted into the environment. Other aspects of farm management and food production, such as ship-ping, refrigeration and processing that can contribute to the environmental footprint of food production are also integrated into the model.
Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) has completed its purchase US-based Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes, a leading provider of probiotic and dietary supplements using probiotic, prebiotic, and enzyme technology.
ADM, a global leader in nutrition and agricultural
origination and processing, an-nounced a significant expansion of its broad portfolio of health and wellness products and solutions with he acquisition of US-based Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes.
“One of the fundamental structural demand trends driv-ing ADM’s growth is consumers’ increasing focus on health and well-being, with global demand for health and wellness products estimated at more than $775 billion,” said Vince Macciocchi, president of ADM’s Nutrition business. “About 4 in 10 global consumers are seeking microbi-ome ingredients — prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics — in customized food and beverage products. ADM’s global capabil-ities and portfolio make it the unquestioned provider of choice to meet that demand. From our
Protexin and Biopolis businesses in Europe, to our recently-an-nounced proposed joint venture with Vland in China, to this most recent exciting addition of US-based Deerland, ADM today offers a truly global, full-service, science-backed Health & Well-ness business that is well posi-tioned to meet fast-growing de-mand from consumers who are eager for a wide variety of food, beverages and supplements that enhance health and wellbeing.”
Deerland Probiotics & En-zymes is a trusted global provider of probiotic and dietary supple-ments using probiotic, prebiotic,
and enzyme technology, includ-ing 12 branded product lines serv-ing customers in areas including digestive health, immune health, women’s health, food intolerance, sports nutrition, cellular repair, and systemic and cardiovascular health. The company’s products and solutions include spore pro-biotics, which offer enhanced sta-bility for a wider use in food and beverage, pet nutrition and sup-plement applications. Based in Kennesaw, Georgia, U.S., Deer-land operates five manufacturing facilities, one fermentation facil-ity, and eight R&D and quality control laboratories globally.
ADM completes acquisition of Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes
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INTRODUCTIONThroughout its production cycle, laying hen is
exposed to different sources of physiological, environ-mental or nutritional stress. To defend itself, laying hen has endogenous or exogenous antioxidants (ob-tained through feed). Strong correlations have been demonstrated between different metabolic or inflam-matory issues and an antioxidant deficit. This deficit, called oxidative stress, is associated with an increase in oxidative phenomena (lipid peroxidation, oxidation of proteins...) inducing a weakening of the intestinal mu-cosa, an alteration of the intestinal microbiota balance and a degradation of egg quality. The objective of this trial is to determine the effect of CalseaGrow (1kg/t) on antioxidant laying hen reserve and egg quality.
MATERIAL AND METHOD• A total of 574 laying hens were housed during
10 weeks from 68 to 79 weeks old (12 hens/cage)• Randomly distributed in 2 treatments with 12
replicates o T1 (Control): Basal dieto T2 (CalseaGrow): Basal diet + CalseaGrow at 1
kg/t of feed• Antioxidant reserve parameter monitored:
RESEDA test from blood sampled at 74 and 78 weeks old
• Egg quality parameters monitored: Vitelline membrane rigidity and Haugh unit at 78 weeks old
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONResearch has shown that ovarian oxidative stress
increases with age and that the ex-pression levels of antioxidation-re-lated genes decreased (Liu et al, 2020). Antioxidant capacity of lay-ers can be measured through KRL and/or RESEDA test. The KRL test evaluates the effectiveness of the circulating antiradical defense of a blood sample by quantifying the half-hemolysis time (T1/2). It
is the time required to hemolyze by oxidation 50% of the sample. The more important this T1/2 is, the more it represents a good defense of antioxidants, which slow down the oxidation. The RESEDA test is very close to the KRL test except that it allows to re-lease the different reserves of antioxidants contained in the cells (Prost, 2013). Stored antioxidants are re-leased during this test via the addition of different enzymes: Glucosidase (for R1 reserves), Sulfatase (for R2 reserves) and Glucuronidase (for R3 reserves).
CalseaGrow increases the half-hemolysis time (T1/2), mainly in the form of reserves R1 and R3 in the laying hen (cf. Graphic 1). It means a better resistance to oxidation and can be explained by the capacity of CalseaGrow to provide natural antioxi-dants that are stored in laying hen cells.
During oxidative stress, free radicals are responsi-ble of cell damages such as lipid peroxidation and proteins oxidation. The vitelline membrane, com-posed of lipids, is one of the essential parameters related to egg quality and embryo development (cf. Figure 1). CalseaGrow demonstrates a significative improvement of this membrane rigidity by 2.4% at 78 weeks old (cf. Graphic 2). It means a better resis-tance to breakage which is useful for breaking facto-ries (egg white / egg yolk separation) and hatcheries (ensures good white / yellow separation, which fa-cilitates the development of embryo and thus in-creases the hatching rate).
Another important parameter related to egg qual-ity and freshness is the Haugh Unit. It measures the thickness of the albumen (egg white) which is rich
Effect of CalseaGrow on laying hen antioxidant reserve and egg quality (2019)
Graphic 1. Half hemolysis time (RESEDA test)
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in proteins. With CalseaGrow supplementation, Haugh unit is significantly increased by 3.1% al-lowing to attend a higher egg classification quality at 78 weeks old (cf. Figure 2).
CONCLUSIONThanks to CalseaGrow antioxidant properties, yolk
and albumen structure are improved which allows a bet-ter egg quality until the last weeks of laying production.
Thanks to 40 years of experience in the animal nutrition industry, Phos-phea, subsidiary of Groupe Roullier, develops and offers mineral-based solu-tions meeting customer's challenges.
Phosphea owns 7 factories (2 in France, 2 in Spain, 1 in Serbia and 2 in Tunisia), has a workforce of 450 employees based in the heart of the markets and generated a turnover of 300 million euros in 2020 in more than 100 countries.
Three ranges of products based on macro-minerals are proposed:
• The Essential range, composed of fundamental raw materials: Cal-cium phosphates, Calcium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Urea and Salt.
• The performance range, composed of innovative and added-value raw materials, adapted to the needs of each species: MAP, Neophos, Mag26, CalseaPowder, MCP Fine.
• The Evolution range will focus on
offering innovative natural ingredi-ents to achieve top challenges of the animal feed sector: CalseaGrow.
Thanks to this extended product portfolio and the networking of sales and technical teams spread over 5 major areas (America, Africa-Middle East, Europe, South Asia and South East Asia), Phosphea meets its cus-tomers’needs and support them local-ly in securing, optimizing and devel-oping their activities.
SPECIALIST IN MINERALS FOR ANIMAL NUTRITION
For more information feel free to contact our Market Manager: Emre Ehouman - [email protected]
Representative: İlker Yılmaz - [email protected]
Graphic 2. Vitelline membrane rigidity at 78 weeks Figure 1. Representation of egg structure
Graphic 3. Haugh unit at 78 weeks (HU = 100 log (H – 1.7 EW0,37 + 7.57) ;EW : Egg Weight ; H : Height of thick albumen)
Figure 2. Haugh unit egg classification (Haugh Units for 23093 eggs from market ; DET6500)
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VITAMINS & MINERALS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
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From premix to gut, interactions with minerals can be costly!David Mathé & Jennifer MaurinAnimine
Feeding for immunity: Why the source of trace mineral mattersDavi Brito De AraujoTrouw Nutrition
5 facts why you should use chelated trace minerals in laying hensDr. Susanne Rothstein & Sarah GravemeyerBiochem
When precision feeding for ruminants makes sense?Mieke Zoon & Céline RobinPancosma
Maximize animal health and performance with optimum vitamin levelsGilberto Litta & José-María HernándezDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
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Today’s consumers demand increasingly effi-cient, low-impact food production, and that
includes animal production. This means that in ad-dition to cost efficiency, the sector must also find effective solutions to reduce environmental impact. Meanwhile, we have become more aware of the risks of using antibiotics to improve efficiency, due to the development of multi-resistant bacteria. Not to mention taking into account animal welfare and quality of life. Each of these challenges may seem very different, even contradictory, but solutions do exist, ideally addressing several issues at once. It’s no surprise that the concept of “precision feeding” is becoming one of the industry’s go-to solutions.
PRECISION FEEDINGPrecision feeding means feeding each and every ani-
mal according to its individual requirements. Not only
on average, but at every feeding, every single day. It boosts efficiency, since the closer feed meets animals’ nutritional requirements, the easier it is for them to reach their full genetic potential. Providing less than the required amount of any important nutrient (e.g. energy, amino acids, vitamins, (trace) minerals) will negatively impact performance. Providing the right amount of needed nutrients is a sustainable way to use resources, ensure optimal performance and reduce en-vironmental footprint by limiting waste of nutrients.
MINERAL HOMOGENEITY One of the main challenges in precision feeding is
the low inclusion of essential nutrients like minerals. In fact, the inclusion level can be so low that it is difficult to ensure homogenous distribution. This can lead to some animals not getting all the nutrients they need. The latest development and new generation of
WHEN PRECISION FEEDING FOR RUMINANTS MAKES SENSE?
“Precision feeding means feeding each and every animal according to its individual requirements. Not only on average, but at every feeding, every single day. It boosts efficiency, since the closer feed meets animals’ nutritional requirements, the easier
it is for them to reach their full genetic potential.”
Céline RobinProduct Manager MineralsPancosma
Mieke ZoonProduct Manager MineralsPancosma
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multi-mineral products is B-TRAXIM All-in-1. Us-ing Pancosma’s Iso-Fusion technology (IFT), every particle contains exactly the same ratio of each differ-ent mineral (Figure 1), resulting in perfectly uniform distribution and homogenous premix and feed.
The four different minerals in one of B-TRAXIM All-in-1 products were identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy together with Energy Disper-sive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) at the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM) in Neuchatel, Switzerland. These minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) were identified and represented with four different colors. Figure 1 shows that not only are all four metals present in every particle, but they are very evenly distributed throughout each one. In the end, the final user is looking for a way to provide nu-trients homogenously and positively impact animal uniformity, performance and products. A series of tests based on the coefficient of variation confirmed a much lower deviation to the mean with All-in-1 products compared to traditional blends (Figure 2).
MULTI-MINERAL BENEFITS Multi-mineral products can also facilitate the
day-to-day work of feed mills and on-farm mixers. Having all the necessary minerals in one or more concentrated formulas reduces the number of silos
Figure 1: Overlay of minerals identified within a B-TRAXIM® All-in-① product. Each particle contains a combination of 4 different minerals at the exact same ratio.
The B-TRAXIM range of essential mineral solutions is based on glycine, and relies on a unique transversal approach, combining technology, chemistry and nutrition. Scientifically validated and supported by numerous
publications, B-TRAXIM products have proven to be highly stable and effective in a variety of species and conditions, while establishing themselves as a reference in the field of organic trace minerals.
Patented structure. Proven efficiencyuse Pure organic trace minerals
www.pancosma.com
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and stocks on site. Plus, administratively, there are fewer orders and registrations to keep track of.
B-TRAXIM PRO4 is an All-in-1 solution con-taining Zn, Mn, Cu and Co, designed to meet ru-minants’ needs. It is based on PANCOSMA’s well-known glycinate technology that provides higher bioavailability and support to physiological func-tions compared to sulfate.
Three separate studies provide conclusive proof of PRO4 effectiveness in ruminant production. First, a study carried out at North Carolina State University focusing on the bioavailability of minerals in rumi-nants (Spears et al. 2004) showed that apparent ab-sorption and retention of Zn and liver zinc concentra-tion were higher for steers supplemented with organic trace minerals than for animals fed zinc sulphate or another or-ganic source. In another study comparing the organic zinc source to zinc sulphate, North Carolina State University con-cluded that the organic form had a positive effect on immune parameters (Fry et al. 2009).
Lastly, a study in Spain in-vestigated vitamin B12 syn-
thesis by microorganism in rumen. Cobalt is a key component of this synthesis and therefore needs to be supplemented and available in the rumen. Com-pared to sulfate, the study showed a significantly greater formation of B12 in the rumen by the rumen microbial population supplemented with PRO 4.
Precision feeding is a hassle-free approach to consistent-ly providing ruminants with the nutrients they need–no more, no less. An effective way to improve performance while reducing waste, it’s good for the animals, good for the environment and good for production.
Disclaimer: Pancosma, a brand of ADM makes no rep-resentation or warranty, whether expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the information, nor does it assume any legal liability, whether direct or in-
direct, for any information. Use of this information shall be at your discretion and risk. Nothing here-in relieves you from carrying out your own suitability determina-tions and tests and from your ob-ligation to comply with all appli-cable laws and regulations as well as to observe all third-party rights. Any uses and claims recommended for products should be adapted to the current local regulatory envi-ronment.
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THE WORLD’S LEADING PROVIDER OF MINERAL-BASED SOLuTIONS FOR ANIMAL FEED
Value-added technological feed additives for aflatoxin binders, anti-caking agents and mineral carriers.
Unique solutions based on natural minerals Natural and eco-friendly Registered technological feed additives (EC) No 1831/2003 Proven efficacy in premixes and complete feed Cost efficient solutions Technical and regulatory support
For more information
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Eggshell quality is a key economic factor in the egg industry. Approximately 6-8 % of total
egg production is unusable or unmarketable due to poor quality shells. Especially broken and cracked eggs result in a significant loss for the industry as well as for individual producers. It is also import-ant to ensure eggs have a firm, break-resistant shell and are free of other defects to provide substantial protection against pathogenic bacteria such as Sal-monella spp. The size of an eggshell increases and its strength decreases with the age of the laying hen. Poor bone quality, which is primarily a result of osteoporosis, is another problem associated with highly productive hens. The depletion of mineral-ized structural bones leads to increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures. In laying hens, these ef-fects become more significant during the last phase of the laying period.
WHY ARE TRACE MINERALS SO IMPORTANT FOR LAYING HENS?Macro minerals (Ca, P) and vitamin D3 are well
known for their positive effects on shell and bone quality in laying hens. But trace minerals such as Zn, Mn and Cu, have also proven to be essential because of their impact on formation of the eggshell and healthy bones. This is primarily due to their importance in forming the enzymes required for the mineralization process.
The impact of Zn, Mn, and Cu deficiencies on eggshell formation has been documented by many researchers. A Zn deficiency can result in decreased egg production and eggshell quality. This is due to zinc's role as a cofactor in the enzyme carbonic an-hydrase, which is essential for eggshell formation. Mn deficient hens are reported to produce eggs with
5 FACTS WHY YOU SHOULD USE CHELATED TRACE MINERALS IN LAYING HENS
The focus in modern egg production is on maximizing animal performance and ensuring high-quality food production. But the growing demand for high
performance is accompanied by serious challenges for the farmer when it comes to the laying hens' eggshell quality and bone stability.
Sarah GravemeyerR&D Application ManagerBiochem
Dr. Susanne RothsteinR&D Application ManagerBiochem
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thinner shells due to an alteration in the structure of the organic matrix. Cu is a cofactor in the enzyme system that catalyzes the crosslinking of collagen and elastin. A Cu deficiency can result in eggshell deformities. Zn and Mn are especially important for the skeletal system. A trace mineral deficiency re-duces development and stability of collagen fibers, resulting in a perforated and weak fundament for bone mineralization. Consequently, special atten-tion should be focused on the supplementation of trace minerals in laying hen feed.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT SOURCE OF TRACEMINERALS IS OF HIGH IMPORTANCETrace minerals can be fed in inorganic and organic
forms. Inorganic trace minerals include, for example, sulfates and oxides. Organic sources are the so called organically bound trace minerals, such as chelated trace minerals. Chelated trace minerals are highly recommended in animal feed because they offer mul-tiple advantages compared to inorganic sources.
5 FACTS WHY CHELATED TRACE MINERALS ARE BENEFICIAL FOR LAYING HENS 1. Higher bioavailabilitySeveral research studies have demonstrated that
chelated forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu are character-ized by a higher bioavailability compared to their respective inorganic forms. This supports trace mineral-related body functions more efficiently and enables a lower inclusion rate and hence excretion of metals. The higher bioavailability of chelates is related to a different mechanism of absorption and to better protection from dietary antagonisms.
Measurement of digestibility is one proven pa-rameter for evaluating bioavailability. A number of studies on apparent digestibility and retention of Zn, Mn and Cu have shown higher absorption from chelated trace minerals than from inorganic forms like sulfate (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Glycine chelates (E.C.O.Trace®) have a high-er apparent total-tract digestibility (% ATTD) in poul-try (broilers) than sulfates (p<0.05) (Freie Universität Berlin, 2018)
2. Improved bone mineralizationIt has been shown that chelated trace mineral
forms allow a higher accumulation in the bone tis-sue compared to sulfate forms (Figure 2). Especial-ly a better Zn bioavailability is conducted with a higher Ca concentration in the tibia bone and an improved tibia bone strength. Some other studies indicate that better availability of trace minerals can lead to an improvement in tibia breaking strength in laying hens at the end of the laying period.
Figure 2: Effect of trace mineral source (sulfates vs. E.C.O.Trace® glycine chelates) on the relative concen-tration of metals in the tibia bone of broiler chicks at the end of the fattening period (Vislykh, 2010)
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About Dr. Susanne RothsteinAfter her agricultural science studies with focus on animal nutrition at University of Bonn, Dr. Susanne Rothstein successfully
finished her PhD thesis at University of Göttingen on the subject of insects as alternative protein source in fattening pig and broiler nutrition. Since 2019 Susanne is working at Biochem as R&D Application Manager in the field of organically bound trace min-erals for all animal species.
About Sarah GravemeyerSarah Gravemeyer grew up on an agricultural farm in Northern Germany. After a commercial apprenticeship at a local feed
compounder, she studied agricultural sciences at the University of Göttingen with a focus on animal nutrition. Since she obtained her master´s degree she is working as an R&D Application Manager in the field of organically bound trace minerals for all animal species at Biochem.
3. Better eggshell breaking strength and thicknessSeveral studies confirmed that partially or com-
pletely replacing inorganic forms of Zn, Mn or Cu with chelated trace minerals improves eggshell breaking strength and thickness, especially during the final phase of the laying period.
In a recent field trial with laying hens, a combina-tion of glycine-bound Zn, Mn and Cu was included on top of a commercial diet. During the trial peri-od, improved eggshell quality was demonstrated by a lower number of cracked or broken eggs (Figure 3). Also, a visual egg inspection by the farmer indicated that the eggs were shinier with a stronger eggshell.
Figure 3: Effect of glycine chelates (E.C.O.Trace®) in-cluded in a layer diet on proportion of cracked and broken eggs at the end of the laying period compared to the previous production cycle with only inorganic trace minerals in the diet (Biochem, 2019)
4. Decreased hen mortality and improved longevity During the same trial, the hens showed slight-
ly better laying performance along with a lower mortality rate (2.8 vs. 3.1%) during the phase of
high laying performance (>90%) with the glycine chelates on top. Due to the good performance re-sults, the chelate-fed hens could be kept in the house eight weeks longer than usual (standard = 75 weeks).
5. Economic benefitsThe inclusion of glycine chelates in the above-men-
tioned trial demonstrated a distinct improvement in eggshell quality as well as longevity of the laying hens. This resulted in a significant economic benefit for the farmer.
In summary, it can be assumed that feeding trace minerals is essential for physiological and produc-tive parameters of laying hens. In particular, the use of organically bound trace minerals like glycine che-lates is beneficial to skeletal development and egg-shell quality, especially in critical times of increased demand.
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FEEDING FOR IMMUNITY:WHY THE SOURCE OF TRACE MINERAL MATTERS
“Required to develop and support a fully functioning immune system, trace minerals support enzyme production. Their availability is linked to functions
such as cellular metabolism, tissues integrity, reproduction, growth, microbial modulation, feed intake and other vital functions. But it is important to
highlight, not all sources of trace mineral are the same. The structure of trace mineral source influences how much of the metal will be available for
absorption and subsequent body utilization.”
As essential nutrients required for animal health and performance, trace minerals are a
good example of how small dietary components can have a big impact.
Selko (the Feed Additive brand of Trouw Nutri-tion) research has pointed out that supplementing diets of weaned pigs, broilers, ruminants and dairy cows with a more stable and less reactive - and conse-quently more bioavailable - trace mineral source gen-erated improved antioxidant and immune response. Compared to animals receiving sulfate-based trace minerals in their diets, animals receiving hydroxy trace minerals (IntelliBond) had reduced production of oxidative stress markers. Researchers also observed that diets containing hydroxy trace minerals support-ed animals’ intestinal integrity and were related to a reduced presence of pathogenic bacteria.
ENDURING CHALLENGES AND LIMITEDINTERVENTIONSToday’s livestock producers are striving to raise
livestock efficiently and effectively while curbing antibiotic use and reducing levels of antimicrobial feed additives like zinc and copper. Consumers also are paying attention to animal welfare and environ-mentally responsible livestock production. Tools and practices producers can use to address these concerns include selecting for the best genetics, using good farm management practices, feeding good quality feed and supporting animal health from a preven-tative rather than curative position. These steps can also support animals’ health and productivity.
DIET DESIGNDiet design can proactively support animal health
and welfare, and includes choosing ingredients that meet animals’ needs for energy, amino acids, vitamins and trace minerals. During periods of increased stress (e.g. weaning, lactation) producers can use synergistic feeding strategies to provide added nutritional support.
IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONINGProper nutrition helps support functioning of
Davi Brito De AraujoGlobal Program Manager Trace MineralsTrouw Nutrition
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the immune system (immunocompetence). When pathogens attack, the immune system has a range of response systems. The innate system the animal is born with protects against various antigens. The passive system is a temporary immune response in-herited or acquired through pathways like colos-trum intake. The adaptative system responds when the innate response is insufficient, and the immune system is overwhelmed, triggering thus a highly spe-cific inflammatory response. In common pathogens like E. coli or PRRS, once the pathogen enters the body components within the immune system, like macrophages, recognize the intruder. These compo-nents trigger a signaling pathway to spark an im-mune response such as the production of pro-in-flammatory cytokines. Other acute responses to pathogens include fever, reduced feed intake and a drop in growth. Cytokine production during an immune reaction influences the animal’s metabolic processes because it shunts nutrients to the immune system. For example, during an increased immune response to pathogens in broiler chicks, 9% of the animal’s total lysine may be diverted to the immune response rather than the typical 0.5-2% used.
Along with pathogen-based immune triggers, ani-mals facing stressors like high temperatures, or feed and space restrictions, generate reactive oxygen spe-cies or free radicals which cause cellular damage and tissue injury. Extreme stress reactions also can ham-per immune functions, animal growth and fertility. Diets that do not provide the needed nutrients can
inhibit full immune function, leaving animals more exposed to disease and pathogens.
TRACE MINERAL FUNCTION AND INTERACTIONSRequired to develop and support a fully function-
ing immune system, trace minerals support enzyme production. Their availability is linked to functions such as cellular metabolism, tissues integrity, repro-duction, growth, microbial modulation, feed intake and other vital functions.
But it is important to highlight, not all sources of trace mineral are the same. The structure of trace mineral source influences how much of the metal will be avail-able for absorption and subsequent body utilization. Trace metals can only be used after they’re absorbed in the intestinal tract and enter the blood stream.
Trace mineral sources differ based on bond strength and concentration. Sulfate trace minerals bind metal ions using a relatively weak ionic bond. Easily broken bonds allow the metal to separate when it contacts moisture, allowing it to react with other feed elements. Whether moisture is encoun-tered in humid conditions or during processing, it can increase the possibility that the trace mineral is not available to the animal in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Trace minerals dissolving outside of the GIT, aren’t available to the animal. Additionally, re-actions can interfere with other functions – like re-ducing fiber and dry matter digestion in the rumen.
And minerals not absorbed will be excreted into the environment.
Organic trace minerals use a stronger covalent bond. However, molecule size of ligand – generally amino acids and peptides - reduc-es total concentration of the trace mineral element in the molecule, in-creasing price of unit of metal per kg of product. Hydroxychloride-based trace minerals also have a stronger covalent bond, but once ligands are smaller in size, such as hydrogen,
Figure 1. When the immune system recognizes the presence of pathogenic bacteria it triggers an immune response . Adapted from Johnson, 2012
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chloride and oxygen, allows greater metal potency per kg of product.
TRACE MINERALS AND WEANING SUPPORTSeveral studies have found that zinc can alleviate
or help mitigate gut inflammation and resulting problems during stressful times, such as vaccination, shipping and weaning. Additionally, legislation in many regions mean that therapeutic levels of zinc are not options for treating conditions like diarrhea. A study done at Oklahoma State University explored how different levels and sources of the trace mineral influenced GIT dysbiosis in weaning pigs.
The two trial diets included a sulfate-based or hy-droxychloride-based zinc, copper and manganese diet. Pigs also faced an LPS challenge on days 29, 31, 33 and 35. In the hours following the challenge, there was an increase found in the production of TNF inflammatory cytokines. However, three-hours post challenge, swine receiving the hydroxychloride diet were better able to regulate the immune response.
Pigs in the challenge also were tracked for growth performance. At the end of the trial, average daily
Figure 2. Trace mineral sources have different chemical qualities altering metal availability, reactivity, and concentration.
Figure 3. Post-disease challenge, swine receiving a diet supplemented with hydroxychloride-based trace minerals saw a milder response to external stress.
Figure 4. Looking at growth performance metrics, an-imals on the hydroxychloride diet outperformed those on the sulfate diet. Control group animals did not face the disease challenge.
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feed intake was higher for pigs on the hydroxychlo-ride diet and average daily gain was 30g/day higher compared to pigs receiving sulfate-based diets.
A swine study, done in Iowa looked at immune competence in gilts on diets supplemented with ei-ther sulfate or hydroxychloride trace minerals. Di-ets included 120mg/kg zinc, 15mg/kg copper and 50mg/kg magnesium. Almost 20,000 gilts were orally acclimated to PEDV and researchers tracked how long it took their immune systems to recog-nize the disease. Gilts receiving the hydroxychloride took longer to present PEDV in their saliva and they demonstrated an immune system more efficient at eliminating the viral challenge.
Studies performed in 2020 at The Autonomous University of Barcelona and North Carolina State University looked at antioxidant activity in weaned pigs during a period of environmental stress. Pigs received diets with 110mg/kg zinc and15mg/kg copper. Pigs on the hydroxy diet generated higher levels of antioxidant enzymes.
A study at the University of Kentucky looked at the difference in response to multiple parities based on the type and amount of copper in the diet. Research-ers found that animals on the hydroxychloride diets were able to produce a greater antioxidant response.
The response to mineral type was observed in other species. A study done in 2019 looked at antioxidant activity in 1,080 broilers raised on diets that included 80mg/kg zinc and 15mg/kg copper from either a sul-fate or hydroxychloride source. Broilers were tracked for their production of the oxidative stress markers methyl malonic acid and uric acid. Birds on the hy-droxychloride diet generated lower levels of both acids.
ASSESSING RUMINANT IMMUNE FUNCTION Dietary trace mineral source influence also was
examined in dairy cows. A recent study done at Cornell University compared the inclusion of three types of trace mineral top-dress blends in cow feed – sulfate, combined sulfate and organic, or hydroxy-
Figure 5. Gilts on a Hydroxychloride trace mineral diet were better able to fight off an immune challenge from PEDV compared to animals on a sulfate diet.
Figure 6. Pigs were better able to manage environ-mental stress when supported by a diet using hy-droxychloride trace minerals in place of sulfate trace minerals.
Figure 7. Sows receiving hydroxychloride trace min-erals were able to generate a greater antioxidant re-sponse in stress periods.
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chloride. Cows were tracked from the prepartum period through 84 days in milk. Throughout the trial period, cows on the hydroxychloride diet pro-duced lower levels of TBARS, indicating that ani-mals faced less oxidative stress. In the postpartum period, only the cows receiving the hydroxychloride minerals showed a return to healthy haptoglobin production. This indicates a reduction in stress as healthy cows produce little. Cows in this group were also the first to reach peak milk production and tended to generate more milk (about 1.1 kg/d) throughout the production cycle.
A study done at Iowa State University in 2020 tracked the influence of zinc trace mineral source on inflammation biomarker production. The proj-ect also looked at intestinal integrity using Cr-ED-TA as a marker – the more Cr-EDTA that moved out of the intestinal tract into the bloodstream, the more of a “leak” or intestinal damage that had oc-curred. In this 2 × 2 factorial trial, dairy cows re-signed to one of four diets – a non-restricted feed with sulfate-based trace mineral zinc, a non-restrict-ed feed with hydroxychloride trace mineral zinc and
two restricted diets, one with either of the two trace mineral sources. Cows were acclimated to the type of diet for an initial period then changed to ad li-bitum or restricted feed amounts and checked for biomarkers and gut integrity.
Changes to gut morphology found that villus height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum re-mained relatively consistent for cows on the hy-droxychloride restricted diet and the non-restricted control diet. But cows on the restricted sulfate diet saw a decline in villus height in the ileum. Goblet cells are important for mucus production in the gut. Cows receiving feed restricted diets also reduced goblet cell area compared to ad-libitum treated cows. But also in feed restricted cows, hydroxychlo-ride supplementation supported to increase these cells area in the duodenum when compared to sul-fate-fed cows.
Regarding inflammation markers, cows on the restricted diets demonstrated higher levels of lipo-polysaccharide binding protein (LBP) serum amy-loid A (SAA) and haptoglobin, which was expected.
Figure 8. Trace mineral source in dairy cows can reduce stress markers caused by oxidative stress and shorten the time to reach peak milk production.
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Looking at results for restricted-feeding cows on the hydroxychloride diet, researchers saw improved re-sults compared to cows on the sulfate diet. Both SAA and haptoglobin levels responded to feed re-striction but it was much lower for the cows under hydroxychloride diets, indicating that these cows have mitigated more or exacerbated less the inflam-mation process. LBP levels were higher, for cows getting hydroxy zinc. This observation indicates that the cows’ immune systems were recognizing and responding faster to the increased presence of LPS or pathogenic bacteria.
Although feed-restricted cows saw declines in neutrophil function, when results for cows on the two restricted diets were compared those receiving hydroxychloride zinc had better performance. Cows receiving hydroxychloride-based zinc also had a 67% decrease in the abundance of treponema – a pathogen related to foot rot.
Combined results indicate that while the feed re-striction impeded gut integrity, using hydroxychlo-ride minerals compared to sulfate-based minerals helped ameliorate some effects and support intes-tinal barrier integrity. The difference in trace min-eral source could be prompting these differences by being more available along the GIT and providing more of the metal for the cow to use. More metal availability supports better enterocyte health, which helps lower bacterial infiltration and reduce the oc-currence of inflammation.
CONSIDER THE SOURCEBeyond immunity, trace minerals influence mi-
crobial modulation, gene expression and can con-tribute to feed palatability. Less reactive, more bio-available trace minerals may also lower excretion of metal nutrients into the environment.
References available upon request.
Figure 10. Trace miner-al source can improve gut integrity, immune system function and help reduce in-dicators of oxidative stress.
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Why waiting for the next crisis on vitamins & ingredients costs to start evaluating the in-
teractions occurring between additives and to revise your trace elements selection? From premix to diges-tive tract, sensitive and expensive ingredients are sys-tematically entering in contact. It is not acceptable to affect their value or their nutritive profile because a close ingredient is less stable or too reactive. This is very true for vitamins and minerals, most of the time supplied together, but not only! Let’s review the dif-ferent additives that can be affected by a non-proper micromineral selection and why they are impacted.
INTERACTIONS START FROM THE PREMIX It is common in our industry to mix vitamins,
minerals and other small inclusion ingredients into a premix, before incorporating it into the complete feed. The advantage of using premixture of feed ad-ditives are multiple:
• A premix may contain up to 30 ingredients with some of them to be included at a final rate around 1 gram per ton of feed. Thus, premix is key for ac-curacy of dosages.
• Due to the very small quantities involved for some ingredients, some regional feed mills may need small amounts of additives, requiring a premix.
Depending on the markets, the industry is using vitamin premix separately from mineral premix, while others are able to mix all micro-ingredients
FROM PREMIX TO GUT, INTERACTIONSWITH MINERALS CAN BE COSTLY!
“Depending on the markets, the industry is using vitamin premix separately from mineral premix, while others are able to mix all micro-ingredients together. The art of premix consists in mixing all these ingredients homogeneously and to limit
the interactions, selecting carefully the raw materials. Interactions between ingredients start at this step but can continue once the premix enter the feed
and later when feed is ingested, in the proximal part of the digestive tract, affecting the digestion and metabolism of these ingredients.”
Jennifer MaurinMarketing DirectorAnimine
David MathéSales DirectorAnimine
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together. The art of premix consists in mixing all these ingredients homogeneously and to limit the interactions, selecting carefully the raw materials. Interactions between ingredients start at this step but can continue once the premix enter the feed and later when feed is ingested, in the proximal part of the digestive tract, affecting the digestion and me-tabolism of these ingredients.
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS FIRST IN THE RADARVitamins are among the most sensitive ingredi-
ents included in premix and are usually expensive.
Vitamin’s sensitivity to oxidation in premix varies. When it is accepted that both fat- and water-soluble vitamins can be affected, the fat-soluble vitamins (mainly A and E) are the touchiest for the industry. These vitamins are able to dissolve in fatty tissues, and to be absorbed by fat globules. This new com-pound will be absorbed through the epithelial barri-er and later be distributed to the host body.
In addition, vitamins suffer from very strong price fluctuation. Vitamin A is a very good example to illustrate. Its price reached more than 400€ / kg in 2018 while it was less than 30€/kg some months be-fore and is today around 75€/kg (November 2021).
MINERALS ARE OXIDATION CATALYSTS Several chemical changes induced by premix pro-
cess, storage or handling can induce ingredients degradation. Of course, presence of oxygen, UV or variable temperatures are accelerating the mecha-nisms but most importantly the presence of min-erals is a real challenge. Indeed, due to their hy-groscopicity, some forms of minerals will already release ions in the premix, that will act as oxidizing/reducing agents. This is why minerals are known to be catalyst for the oxidation steps.
Oxidation process of premix ingredients usually follows three main steps:
1. The initiation step consisting in the initial free radical formation (by cleavage of the weak bonds)
2. The propagation step: The generated free radi-
cals will react with stable compounds (fixing to their oxygen-containing functional groups) and generate new free radicals that are also reactive (chain re-action). These new free radicals go on to generate more free radicals, and so on.
3. The termination step: Free radicals can associ-ate to form aldehydes or ketons, very volatile com-pounds with low molecular weight and responsible for the origin of the bad smell (rancidity) of the oxidised products.
Trace minerals have different redox potential (ability to acquire or lose electrons) and can be ranked according to their reactivity. Divalent cop-per (comprised in sulfates or certain chelates) is the most susceptible to reaction being a strong oxidiz-ing agent.
USE OF STABLE PRECISION MINERALIt is commonly accepted that degradation of vi-
tamins will anyway occur (about 30% losses after 6 months on average for Vitamin A). Nevertheless, it is possible to decelerate the kinetics of the losses.
Vitamin A is known as a good marker to study this phenomenon as its stability is well studied and reproductible.
A test at SAFE France (Scientific Animal Food Engineering) studied the vitamin A degradation in a standard piglets’ premix for piglets, formulated for an inclusion of 0.5% in complete feed. The test compared the difference between sulfates sources (Cu and Zn) and precision minerals (CoRouge®, Cu and Hizox®, Zn).
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Considering an average premix shelf life of 4 to 6 months, the study revealed that precision minerals reduced the pace of vitamin A degradation. How it is possible?
Importance of the mineral nature: Tested pre-cision minerals namely Hizox® and CoRouge® are by their chemical nature less reactive and thus are less interacting with premix compounds such as vitamins. Any quickly solubilized micromineral compounds (sulfates, but also most of chelates) are prone to faster interact with the vitamins.
Importance of the mineral concentration & gal-lenic: The mineral concentration itself and particle size characteristics are also responsible for the risk of interactions. Indeed, a highly concentrated source of trace element requires to put less product in premix and thus reduce the chance of contact with vitamins.
LATER IN THE GUT: SECURE PIGMENTS’ EFFICIENCYThe use of carotenoids (mainly xanthophyll incl.
zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin) is well established espe-cially in poultry industry for carcass coloration and yolk intense coloration, both considered as con-sumers criteria for food quality. Pigments’ use and efficiency is conditioned by an adequate ingested amount, their absorption and by a proper vitamins supply, so these pigments are not used by the host as precursor of vitamins once in the body.
First, carotenoids are fragile compounds that can be affected by humidity, temperature, acidity - alkalinity, oxidizing & reducing agents (such as trace minerals). They are highly prone to isomerization & oxidation. These degradations are occurring directly during man-
ufacturing, handling and storage of the premix. But once ingested, these compounds are still sensitive.
During recent Animine e-cademy (November 2021), Dr. T. Bohn (Luxembourg Institute for Health) ex-plained the following: “During digestive process, the carotenoids require a micellization step, for their prop-er absorption, and characterizing their bioaccessibility. This step constitutes most of the time a bottleneck for absorption and thus for bioavailability.”
Research in food showed that macro and micro di-valent minerals are affecting on various ways the bio-accessibility of carotenoids. The mechanistic insights are still under investigation but the main impact of di-valent minerals seems to be on the de-stabilization of the micelles forms, by modifying their zeta potential.
Several aspects are thus to be considered when se-lecting minerals for animal diets: avoid the divalent forms (when possible) or choose sources with ideal kinetics of ions’ releasing.
PROTECT THE PHYTASE EFFICACYPhytase can be used standalone (as powder or liquid)
or be included in a premix. Because phytic acid is a neg-atively charged molecules, it attracts positively charged cations. Once metals are fixed to the phytic acid, they become potentially “sequestrated” in this complex and are not available for host absorption anymore.
If there is no clear consensus nowadays about cat-ions affinity (esp. between copper and zinc) with phytate, it is evident that zinc is a major issue be-
Tips: Non soluble minerals at neutral pH & highly
concentrated minerals sources present less interactions with
vitamins
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cause of the important quantity used in premix or feed (up to 3000ppm in certain piglets’ diets).
Safeguarding phytase activity becomes a race in which phytase needs to reach first phytic acid and before cationic metals bind to it. Specific source of zinc, with unique slow dissolution kinetics has already proven its superiority, enabling phytase to act properly. In a study run at INRAe France and presented at PSA 2020, potentiated zinc source HiZox® used at nutritional levels (40ppm total zinc) achieved a higher zinc in plasma compared to the
reference sulfates in presence of phytase supple-mentation (750 FTU/kg) . It demonstrated its Zn2+ cations became bioaccessible at the right moment in the digestive tract and did not remain bind to phytate, being significantly more available for the broilers (Ross 308).
HOW TO REDUCE INTERACTIONS RATE?Achieving a proper trace element nutrition and
animal mineral status is not an easy task. When considering all interactions able to occur between additives, from the premix manufacture to the in-testinal transporter, the right choice of mineral is crucial. Cations are known to be catalysts of a cer-tain number of reactions and can also limit the bio-accessibility of others noble ingredients. Selecting precision minerals under monovalent form (CoR-ouge®) or with unique dissolution kinetics (HiZox® and ManGrin®) enable to minimize the undesired interactions and to secure the efficacy of additives such as pigments or phytase.
About AnimineAnimine is an independent France-based suppli-
er of added-value precision trace minerals sources for animal nutrition. Certified Fami-QS and ISO 14001, we are present in all continents. Our com-pany invests large resources in R&D, through ambi-tious collaboration projects with public and private organizations.
Animine products portfolio counts with a range of specialty products, different from other products available in the feed industry.
They all share the same features:• Highest mineral concentrations (75%)• Excellent technological features, with high flow-
ability and dust-free products• High level of safety for animals, workers, con-
sumers and the environment• High stability, avoiding interactions in the feed
and upper part of the digestive tract• High bioavailability to fulfill animal require-
ments• Specific effects on performance of growing and
reproductive animals• The whole range is available for usage in all an-
imal species.
HighHigh ConcentrationFlowabilitySafety standards
ConcentrationFlowabilitySafety standards
StabilityBioavailabilityAnimal performance
StabilityBioavailabilityAnimal performance
POTENTIATED ZINC
POTENTIATED ZINC
MONOVALENT COPPER
HIGHLY PURIFIED MANGANESE
an international and independentsupplier of precision minerals
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www.animine.eu
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IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMEN-TATION
Vitamins are the foundation of balanced animal nutrition. They are essential, irreplaceable micro-nutrients that are required for normal physiological functions including growth, body development and reproduction, as well as animal well-being and gener-al health status. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by animals and must be obtained by feed; however, feed alone is not enough to ensure the right vitamin status. This is due to multiple factors such as: low and/or variable vitamin levels, limited bioavailability, storage conditions and treatments applied to feed-stuffs during feed manufacturing. This can lead to
decreased vitamin status in animals. Lower animal performance, poor health and immunity, reduced re-productive success and even mortality are some of the consequences of vitamin deficiency which can have a serious cost impact on animal production. To overcome this challenge, producers are encouraged to check the vitamin levels of their feed and integrate high-quality vitamin supplements to ensure nutri-tional requirements are met.
ACHIEVING BALANCED VITAMIN LEVELS: A CHALLENGE WORTH FACINGWhen adding vitamins to animal feed, various
factors must be taken into consideration for a bal-
MAXIMIZE ANIMAL HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE WITH OPTIMUM VITAMIN LEVELS
“When adding vitamins to animal feed, various factors must be taken into consideration for a balanced nutritional approach. This often means that
estimating precisely what vitamin levels are required is a complex and challenging process. And, considering the potential consequences of vitamin
deficiency or sub-optimal levels, producers are facing increasing pressures to get nutrition levels right.”
José-María HernándezGlobal Marketing Manager VitaminsDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
Gilberto LittaManager, Specialty Eubiotics Europe Middle East AfricaDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
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anced nutritional approach. This often means that estimating precisely what vitamin levels are required is a complex and challenging process. And, consid-ering the potential consequences of vitamin defi-ciency or sub-optimal levels, producers are facing increasing pressures to get nutrition levels right.
One important influencing factor is genetics. Modern genetic improvements have enhanced an-imal growth and performance with a significant impact on vitamin requirements. Due to contin-uous genetic change in poultry and swine, and because of improved gain:feed ratios, well known researchers and DSM experts estimate that there is likely a 1% increase in overall vitamin needs annu-ally. Feeding animals the same levels of vitamins as in 1995 for example, can therefore result in a reduction of vitamin intake per unit of meat and decreased egg production of up to 33%. Vitamin requirements are also influenced by the interac-tive effects of each vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins, for instance, must be fed in correct proportions as they compete for intestinal absorption. At the same time, B-group vitamins regulate the intermediary metabolism of protein, fats and carbohydrates and a lack of any one of these vitamins increases the need for one of the others. Other factors influenc-ing vitamin levels include disease, confinement, restricted feeding, vitamin antagonists, air quality and temperature.
Although challenging to achieve, the right vitamin levels are essential and offer many important benefits including optimum animal health, well-being and performance, and better meat quality. For example, many studies have demonstrated the positive im-pact of vitamin E at supra-nutritional levels in poul-try and swine on immune modulation and on meat quality in later stages. Optimizing vitamin levels also makes sense commercially – vitamins represent less than 2% of feed cost or euro cents per animal, yet have a significant influence on growth, health and reproduction. Finding a cost-effective, safe range of vitamin supplementation therefore ensures enhanced animal production and better profit for farmers.
FINDING THE RIGHT BALANCE Building on its industry-leading expertise, DSM
has developed a key tool to support the feed in-dustry in ensuring improved returns and increased profits throughout the value chain. Optimal Vita-min Nutrition (OVN™) is about feeding animals high quality vitamins in the right amounts and ra-tios appropriate to their life stage and growing con-ditions. It provides a cost-effective range of vitamin supplementation guidelines that optimize animal health, well-being, performance and the quality and nutritional value of animal-origin foods based on specific factors including environmental condi-tions, feed quality, the health status of animals and performance objectives.
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We continue to shed light on the 2022 agenda of the feed industry with Asbjørn Børsting,
President of the European Feed Manufacturers’ Feder-ation (FEFAC), which has been representing the glob-al feed industry, primarily Europe, for more than half a century. We talked to Mr. Børsting on many issues from sustainability to antibiotic-free production, from responsible sourcing to environmental footprint and carbon emissions, from alternative feed ingredients to feed safety, from animal welfare to feed prices.
Reminding that FEFAC developed a comprehensive view on sustainable feed production by publishing
Feed Sustainability Charter in September 2020, Asb-jørn Børsting underlines that they set 5 goals regarding sustainability in their Progress Report released in June 2021. Børsting lists the prominent issues in this latest progress report as follows: reducing the environmental impact of feed and livestock production, the sourcing of responsible & conversion-free soy and the increase of nutrient efficiency through animal nutrition.
So, does the agenda of 2022 consist only of these issues? Of course not... FEFAC President Børsting evaluated the agenda items of the feed and premix industry one by one for our readers. Check out the
EUROPEAN FEED INDUSTRY AND 2022 PROJECTION
Asbjørn Børsting, President, FEFAC (European Feed Manufacturers' Federation)
“All of the ‘top line’ EU Green Deal issues affecting the
livestock economy will matter in 2022. We would stress the
future legal framework for seeds produced by NGTs as one critical
innovation topic, which from a legal perspective may have a
more lasting long-term impact than some other measures. The outcome of this debate
will determine the ability of the EU to effectively address the societal aspirations for food chains that are respectful of the environment and animal
welfare, and at the same time to secure sufficient food supply in particular regarding
home-grown vegetable protein sources.”
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 55
details of our interview to see what awaits the in-dustry as we prepare to begin a new year.
Mr. Børsting, before starting questions about the European feed industry, can we get to know FEFAC a bit more? Could you explain FEFAC’s mission and objectives? What is FEFAC’s role in the feed in-dustry? Who are its members and what proportion of European compound feed & premixes do your members represent?
FEFAC is the European representative of the com-pound feed & premixes manufacturers of feed for food producing animals. It was established over 60 years ago. FEFAC represents 23 national Associations in 23 EU Member States as well as Associations in Norway, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom with observer/associate member status.
Being based in Brussels, a key function we have is to represent, defend and promote the interests of the European compound feed and premix industry with the European Institutions. In the past decade and a half, FEFAC has increasingly been playing a proactive role in the development of tools and guid-ance for members, for example to facilitate market transparency or good manufacturing practices.
Can you give some information about the Eu-ropean animal nutrition industry and compound feed & premixes market? What can you say about the size of the market and its growth potential?
Over the past years European compound feed pro-duction has been stable around 160 million tonnes per year (EU-27 incl. UK). The European compound feed industry employs over 100,000 persons on app. 3,500 production sites often in rural areas, which offer few employment opportunities. The growth potential inside the EU is fairly limited in line with modest growth po-tential for farm animal production. Poultry production is expected to see some growth opportunities while pork and dairy products are expected to remain stable with beef production continuing its structural decline.
The animal nutrition and compound feed indus-try has been at the centre of a very busy sustain-ability agenda in recent years. Among the issues
discussed are antibiotic-free production, respon-sible sourcing (deforestation-free supply chains), environmental footprint & carbon emissions, al-ternative proteins, feed safety and animal welfare. European feed industry innovation pioneers the world’s trends in many areas. Which of these and similar issues do you think will be at the forefront of the 2022 agenda of the European feed industry?
All of the “top line” EU Green Deal issues affect-ing the livestock economy will matter in 2022. We would stress the future legal framework for seeds produced by new genomic techniques (NGTs) as one critical innovation topic, which from a legal perspec-tive may have a more lasting long-term impact than some other measures. The outcome of this debate will determine the ability of the EU to effectively address the societal aspirations for food chains that are re-spectful of the environment and animal welfare, and at the same time to secure sufficient food supply in particular regarding home-grown vegetable protein sources. It is now clear for all that some of these aspi-rational targets set forth in the Farm to Fork strategy have the potential to depress productivity leading to lower production of agricultural products. We do not expect that consumer behaviour and preferences for food will change overnight. Only the political will to allow new technology to play its part in reconciling sustainability and food security demands can reverse potentially the negative impacts of the farm to fork strategy. The nature of the debate on NGTs and the orientation taken will set the direction of travel for the future shape of the announced sustainable food systems framework legislation: an outdated EU agri-culture model blocked from access to innovative tech-nologies resulting in increased imports from Third Countries on the one hand or a competitive, modern resource efficient EU agriculture able to meet EU societal expectations on climate change, biodiversity and increased resilience of food production systems.
Sustainability is one of the most important topics
of our age. What does sustainability mean for the compound feed and premix industry? What is being done or should be done for sustainable feed and pre-mix production and sustainable animal husbandry? What is the importance and role of the compound
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feed and premix industry in this process?As a topic, sustainability has gained a lot of impor-
tance and visibility in the past years. This trend will continue now that we are seeing concrete legislative proposals from the European Commission appear, as part of the Farm to Fork Strategy. The increased focus on sustainability will provide challenges and oppor-tunities for the compound feed and premix indus-try. Our sector is well-equipped to deliver innovative solutions to help the livestock sector to successfully tackle key Farm to Fork targets, but we cannot ignore that there are strong public voices with a simplistic view on sustainable food production calling for a reduction of the livestock population and animal product consumption, regardless of what the sector can offer as sustainable solutions.
FEFAC has developed a comprehensive view on sustainable feed production with the publication of its Feed Sustainability Charter back in September 2020. In June 2021 we already released the first Prog-ress Report. We have compiled the sustainability top-ics within five ambitions that we see the sector needs to address, together with its value chain partners. The most prominent ones are about reducing the environ-
mental impact of feed and livestock production, the sourcing of responsible & conversion-free soy and the increase of nutrient efficiency through animal nutri-tion. At the same time, we also see the role of animal nutrition to enhance farm animal health and reduce the need for antimicrobials as a proactive contribu-tion of the feed sector in the sustainability domain.
What do you think about alternative protein sources (single cell proteins such as insects and al-gae, etc.) that has become a rising trend in the feed industry? How do you think such alternative feed ingredients will contribute to sustainable feed pro-duction? Do you have an estimation of the current use of such alternative sources in feed production?
Many of these alternative resources are still at an early development stage and production costs re-main high, combined with limited capacity issues and scaling affects. They may provide an economically viable option in certain specialty feed segments nu-trient-dense feeds such as fish feed or feed for young animals. For other types of feed, these options do not seem viable yet. For insects, the key factor is the type of feedstocks that is used for their production. As long as insects are fed with former foodstuffs or co-prod-ucts such as wheat bran, i.e. feed that may be used directly to feed pigs and poultry, the viability of an intermediate stage in the value chain poses challenges regarding nutrient efficiency, even if the final product is of high quality and nutritional interest. Likewise, for algae, the production and processing system is still quite energy-demanding. Naturally, both insects and algae share an important feature of being able to con-vert feedstock sources not normally used by humans or farm animals, into feed or food. This is certainly an interesting route to investigate and which is perfectly in line with the concept of circular economy. But of course this requires a thorough risk assessment stage to prevent any impediment for guaranteeing feed safety. The European feed industry remains fully conscious and alert of the hard lessons learned of previous feed safety crises which often started in the “waste bin”.
Another topic is “feed safety”, which is an ex-
tremely important issue both for animal health and indirectly for human health. Could you give
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some information about new approaches and al-ternative solutions to ensure feed safety in Europe?
Enormous progress has been made over the last 20 years to increase the overall feed safety standards and the ability of the feed chain to deliver against these. Few years ago, there was an evaluation made of the General Food Law and there was a large consensus to consider that, in both the food and the feed areas, this was one of the most successful pieces of EU leg-islation. The “big danger” for feed operators is now to consider this as an acquis! This cannot be more wrong: global warming will continue to affect agro-nomic conditions and the aspirations for using less crop protection products will inevitably lead to in-creased prevalence of more undesirable substances, such as mycotoxins or botanical toxins. The pressure will also increase on feed manufacturers to use more co-products (where often certain contaminants are accumulated). They will also be asked to use more re-cycled nutrients (e.g. phosphates and other minerals). Ensuring the integrity of the feed chain will remain a constant challenge for the whole of the society but maybe even more for the feed chain to keep the feed gate clear from hazardous materials and hazardous practices. Feed Hygiene and HACCP based auto-con-trol systems have more than ever a role to play to pro-vide assurances to the value chain partners, as EFSA highlighted with its project on impact of circularity on the vulnerabilities of the feed and food chain.
The European Union (EU) aims to zero its car-bon emissions by 2050. The livestock industry is also considered to have a significant share in car-bon emissions. How do you foresee that the EU’s carbon emissions target will have an impact on the compound feed and livestock industry? Do you think that various feed ingredients, feed additives or alternative feed raw materials that have been in-troduced to the market recently can make an effec-tive contribution to reducing methane emissions and carbon emissions?
Carbon emissions from livestock production are most certainly catching a lot of political and societal attention, just looking at the recent COP-26 declara-tion and related pledges (e.g. on methane emissions). A large share of the feed-related emissions are estimat-
ed to stem from deforestation linked to feed material use, in specific soy. This is therefore a key challenge to tackle. Indeed at farm level methane emissions from enteric digestion by ruminants are another key source. We’re pleased to see the large amount of research go-ing into finding functional feed additives and select feed materials and feeding strategies that could help here, with some of them already seeing some market uptake or being close to authorisation as feed additives on the EU market. Now, the challenge is the same as for AMR: how to convince / reward farmers for invest-ing in these new feeding techniques and systems, often more expensive. Member States have with the Nation-al Strategic Plans (as part of the Common Agricultural Policy) a tool at their disposal to stimulate the uptake of innovative solutions and practice by farmers.
Finally, can we talk about feed prices? Feed prices have become a major problem for farmers in many parts of the world in recent years. What were the factors that most affected the increase in feed prices? Supply problems caused by Covid-19, global climate change, supply-demand balance, drought, etc. What kind of process awaits produc-ers in terms of prices in the upcoming period, and are there ways to reduce feed costs/prices?
The overriding driver for the ongoing global grain market rally is increased global demand in the wake of the Covid recovery since the end of 2020. The current market trends are exacerbated by freight rate issues linked to limited availability of cargo space and historically low ending stocks for some key com-modities as well as market distortive action by certain governments imposing export taxes or restrictions for key grain commodities. As such there is sufficient supply of these commodities, but we do not see any short-term prospect of lowering current market ten-sions. For the feed industry this means to strengthen efforts to further increase feed efficiency as well use of co-products and alternative feed sources and addi-tives as mentioned above but also including energy rich components such as processed former foodstuffs. We still use only use 80% of the genetic potential of farm animal, so there are further important efficien-cy gains to be realised to improve nutritional perfor-mance of our farm animal population.
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58 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT FOR SALMONELLA CONTROLIN ANIMAL FEEDS
The requirement for Salmonella control in animal feeds encouraged numerous equipment manufacturers to develop a solution. Today, we typically recognize
3 heat treatment equipment generations which are still available on the market for new projects. This article takes you through the differences and
advantages of each equipment generation, concluding that the 3rd generation is at the top of the pyramid today.
We have seen various concepts working the principle of increased product tempera-
tures at increased retention times for Salmonella control during the past decennia. The heat treat-ment of feed stuffs has been generally considered to be a natural and quite effective approach to elimi-nate the heat sensitive Salmonella strains. Saturat-ed steam is typically the preferred energy source to heat up the product.
We observe that out of all practiced heat treat-ment concepts, a limited group is still available and applied for new projects at our feed mills today.
Three heat treatment equipment generations:• 1st generation continuous conditioners• 2nd generation inclined conditioners and reten-tion vessels• 3rd generation conditioners with retention screw conveyors
All three generations of heat treatment equipment are working a continuous process. This means that
during production, a stationary situation is obtained where all process parameters stay constant. This is typ-ically demonstrated by uninterrupted horizontal lines at trending screens of the applied process controllers.
The formerly used heat treatment batch systems are typically phased out due to the process start-stop sequences at every intermediate batch.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RELIABLE SALMONELLA CONTROL SOLUTIONSThe widely accepted design criteria for reliable
Salmonella control by heat treatment became avail-able through Salmonella control auditing parties. Underneath, we limit ourselves to the actual pro-duction line and describe the characteristics of the 3 heat treatment equipment generations.
Product Heating phase• Set point temperature obtained prior to product retention time phase• Automated response at temperature deviation• Good self-cleaning out properties
Paul AlderliefsteArea ManagerCPM Europe
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Product Retention Time phase• Adjustable between 2 and 6 min.• First in, first out (FIFO) product flow• Constant product temperature• Excellent self-cleaning out properties
Optional Product Pelleting phase• Roller slip management to prevent die chokes and process interruption• Excellent self-cleaning out properties
Product Cooling phase• Prevent recontamination by unfiltered aspiration system• Prevent air leaking into the cooler at flange con-nections• Excellent self-cleaning out properties
Product fines retour management• Prevent fine particles produced by aspiration sys-
tems or screens to blend into the finished product• Good self-cleaning out properties
1st GENERATION HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT BY CONTINUOUS CONDITIONERSWe consider the use of typical continuous condi-
tioners as the 1st generation heat treatment equip-ment. The filling percentage of product inside sub-ject conditioners is typically approx. 30%; however the filling is not controlled effectively. By increasing the size of the conditioners or stacking them, the average particle retention time can be increased be-tween approx. 60 to 90 seconds, depending on the applied capacities.
We observe that it takes a bit of time to heat up all particles by steam to the required setpoint tempera-ture. Therefore, the actual available heat treatment retention time is reduced.
More disturbing is the absence of a First In, First Out product flow. The variation of actual product particle retention time is estimated between approx. 20 and 120 seconds. The wish for increased product filling percentages to increase retention times con-tradicts with the requirement for good self-cleaning properties at the end of the batch.
This makes the 1st generation heat treatment equipment suitable for an Enterobacteria and Sal-monella reduction of log3 (1000:1) and is typically applied for swine- and pig feeds.
2nd GENERATION HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT BY INCLINED CONDITIONERS We consider the use of inclined continuous condi-
tioners as the 2nd generation heat treatment equip-ment. The filling percentage of product into subject inclined conditioners is typically controlled close to 100%. This means that the average particle reten-tion time can be increased between approx. 120 to 180 seconds depending on the applied capacities.
However, the steam is absorbed quickly on the product under a steam inlet after which the blend-
Illustration 1: Typical flow diagram heat treatment in-stallation for animal feeds
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60 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
ing of hot particles has to take place. The conse-quence is that various steam inlets are required to heat up the material gradually in steps. Therefore, the actual heat treatment retention time at setpoint temperature is reduced.
Even more disturbing is the absence of an effective First In, First Out product flow. The variation of ac-tual product particle retention time has been evalu-ated and is estimated between approx. 40 and 240 seconds where the setpoint temperature is achieved at approx. in the middle of the conditioner.
This makes subject 2nd generation heat treat-ment equipment suitable for an Enterobacteria and Salmonella reduction of log3 (1000:1) and log4 (10.000:1) and is typically applied for swine- , pig and layer feeds.
2nd GENERATION HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT BY CONDITIONERS AND RETENTION VESSELSThe application of conditioners in combination
with retention vessels are also categorized within
the 2nd generation of heat treatment equipment. At this concept, the product heating phase and the re-tention phase are well separated process steps. The special feeding and discharge solutions applied in-side the retention vessels provide an effective First In, First Out product flow. However, the concept allows for low filling percentages between approx. 20% and 30% only. The large volume of the ves-sels compensates for this matter, but leaves signif-icant internal vessel surface area unexposed from product. The consequence is that the applied pro-cess parameters have to anticipate for a slight tem-perature drop during the product retention phase.
Pre-heating of the vessel before production start is required and can take up to an hour. Drying of the vessel with hot air after production is required to prevent condensation. The product retention time can typically be adjusted between 2 and 6 minutes depending on the applied capacities.
This makes subject 2nd generation heat treat-ment equipment suitable for an Enterobacteria and Salmonella reduction of log4 (10.000:1) and log5
Illustration 2: Example 1st generation heat treatment equipment by stacked conditioners. The diagram illustrates the typical product temperature during the retention time in the conditioner
Illustration 3: Example 2nd generation heat treatment equipment by inclined conditioners. The diagram illustrates the typical product temperature during the retention time in the conditioner
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(100.000:1) and is typically applied for layer- and layer parent feeds.
3rd GENERATION HEAT TREATMENT EQUIPMENT BY CONTINUOUS CONDITIONERS AND RETENTIONSCREW CONVEYORSThe use of hygienic conditioners and retention
screw conveyors are considered to be the 3rd gener-ation heat treatment equipment. The product heat-ing phase and the retention phase are well separated process steps.
The hygienic conditioner is discharging at set-point product temperature into the retention screw conveyor only. An automatic response paus-es the product discharge into the retention screw conveyor at temperature deviations by means of a hot start function. The hygienic screw conveyor can be filled up to approx. 80% with product and provides the required First In, First Out product flow. The product retention time is adjustable be-tween 2 and 6 minutes depending on the applied capacities.
Because of the typically applied active wall and flange heating at the hygienic screw conveyor, no product temperature deviation occurs during the re-tention time. Consequently, no condensation takes place which results into excellent self-cleaning out properties of the system.
This makes subject 3rd generation heat treatment equipment suitable for an Enterobacteria and Sal-monella reduction from log5 (100.000:1) and up. It became the preferred solution for layer parent- and layer grandparent feeds today.
Illustration 4: Example 2nd generation heat treatment equipment by conditioners and retention vessels. The dia-gram illustrates the typical product temperature during the retention time in the system.
Illustration 5: Example 3rd generation heat treatment equipment by hygienic conditioners and retention screw conveyor. The diagram illustrates the typical product temperature during the retention time in the system.
Illustration 6: Correlation Time, Temperature and Sal-monella reduction at steam conditioned feed.
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62 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
About Paul Alderliefste Paul Alderliefste has been working for CPM for more than 30 years. He developed a worldwide recognized expertise in hygienic
feed production while being involved in the development of heat treatment equipment since the absolute beginning. In close co-operation with leading grandparent stock suppliers worldwide, he contributed to the development of the latest 3rd generation heat treatment equipment which set the standard for salmonella control at grandparent feeds today. In his current capacity of CPM Area Manager, he maintains a close contact with the stakeholders in biosecurity for animal feeds.
PELLET MILL ROLL SLIP MANAGEMENT TO PREVENT DIE CHOKES AND HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS INTERRUPTIONEach of the described heat treatment equipment
generations applies saturated steam as an energy source to heat up the product. The advantage of condensing steam is that the heat energy transfer goes quickly into the product particles and pene-trates through the Salmonella cell boundaries. Stud-ies have shown that Salmonella strains are much more resilient towards any form of dry heat like for example generated by friction.
The consequence of heating by steam is a mois-
ture increase in the feed which can be more difficult to handle by a Pellet Mill and cause a die choke. However, the application of roll speed measure-ment at the Pellet Mill results effectively into an anti-blocking system. An automated response to reducing roller speeds, or increasing roll slip, is for example a reduced capacity at which the steam addition is proportionally reduced as well in order to keep the heat treatment temperature stable. The product retention time is then temporarily propor-tionally increased for an immediate effect on the Pellet Mil. The heat treatment is continuous and stable by automated monitoring the roll speed and thus acceptance of the material by the Pellet Mill.
Illustration 7: Pellet Mill die choke and thus heat treatment interruption can be prevented by an automated re-sponse to roll speed measurement
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 63Alltech Mycotoxin Management @AlltechAlltechNaturally
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SPECIAL STORY
64 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
Food safety in the pet food industry is a shared responsibility among renderers, ingredient
suppliers, pet food manufacturers, distributors and even pet owners, who feed the final pet food or pet treat to their companions. Ensuring the safety and quality of commercial pet foods is both a challeng-ing and complex process.
In the raw materials supplying the pet food indus-try, food safety can be particularly demanding for the rendering activity, which faces challenges of ox-idative deterioration and microbial spoilage of both raw materials used and rendered products. Failure to control these aspects can result in loss of quality,
palatability, and shelf-life of rendered materials, like fats and protein meals.
The first step in the whole chain of the rendering industry, that influences the whole product, is the slaughterhouse. What determines the creation of food safety guidelines as part of good practices is the way of proceeding with raw material after slaughter: microbi-ological and freshness aspects, transport practices and timings, and method of raw material processing. One of basic good practices is to define the specification of the raw material from the slaughterhouse to the ren-dering plant, and from here to the pet food manufac-turer. A raw material or a product that does not meet
WHAT IS PET FOOD SAFETY AND HOW IS IT ACHIEVED?
“To deliver a safe ingredient to the pet food industry is a challenge, as much as putting a safe pet food on the market. Many incidents can affect the
food safety of finished pet food, like chemical, physical or microbiological substances, and are potentially sources of disease and thus of product recalls.
The most challenging factor is the microbiological one, i.e. Salmonella, a bacterium that can contaminate many ingredients and survive on dry pet food,
and then also infect animals and pet owners.”
Bartosz LebidaTechnical Service ManagerKemin Nutrisurance EMEA
Cristina Murcia GarciaTechnical Service ManagerKemin Nutrisurance EMEA
Patrice GaultTechnical Service Manager & Sales ManagerKemin Nutrisurance EMEA
Elena FraccaroliTechnical Service ManagerKemin Nutrisurance EMEA
Frank ClementPrincipal Technical Service & Kemin Application Solution ManagerKemin Nutrisurance EMEA
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 65
the specification shall not be accepted for production and consequently shall properly be disposed of.
Slaughterhouses, rendering plants and pet food manufacturing facilities are under the constant control of the Veterinary Inspection, and they must have an implemented and documented system of hazard anal-ysis and critical control points (HACCP), among oth-ers. The main purpose of such systems is to ensure that the finished product is safe from all point of views. For instance, in the rendering plant, in terms of good prac-tice, raw material collection areas are separated from production areas, technical tools are dedicated to each different area, additional disinfection basins and dif-ferent colors are used within the zones. It is mandatory that buildings, production lines and storage areas do not allow access to rodents, birds, or pests.
When raw materials arrive to the rendering plant, they are directed according to the appropriate pro-cessing method for each category. As part of good manufacturing practices, the rendering plant focuses the attention on issues such as: prevention of micro-biological contamination, foreign body contamina-tion and positive release of the finished product. In each of these areas, it is important to identify weak-nesses and to establish appropriate controls. Pre-vention of microbial contamination and associated risks is achieved by closing the processes, but also by avoiding condensation, in accordance with the clean-ing procedures of each zone. In fact, wet and dry ar-eas of the production site are permanently separated.
Speaking of food safety, the presence of foreign bodies should also be mentioned. Foreign body pro-tection devices are installed at critical points in the process, such as crushers, presses, and mills, to pro-tect the equipment from damage. Similarly, in the pet food manufacturing process, foreign body de-tectors are placed in several strategical points, such as before milling or grinding and after packing, to avoid improper pet food to arrive on the shelf.
At any stage, from slaughterhouse, transport, raw material processing in the rendering plant, to final pet food, a suitable environment can be created
that can have a direct impact on the safety of the processed material, in terms of microbial contami-nation, loss of freshness, oxidation, and other rele-vant aspects. The definition of where these hazards arise, the factors determining their activity and the ways to control and prevent them, determine the ap-proach to food safety. For each of the aspects defined above, appropriate solutions are available, depending on the defined problem and its scale. In addition to procedural approaches, it is possible to concretely intervene with the addition of substances that pro-vide protection against various hazards, not affecting product features (nutritional quality, organoleptic features, ...). The portfolio of substances is wide and includes antioxidants, preservatives such as antibac-terial, anti-Salmonella, anti-mold, ready to support the quest for high quality and safe final products.
To deliver a safe ingredient to the pet food industry is a challenge, as much as putting a safe pet food on the market. Many incidents can affect the food safe-ty of finished pet food, like chemical (melamine, …), physical (foreign bodies, …) or microbiological sub-stances, and are potentially sources of disease and thus of product recalls. The most challenging factor is the microbiological one, i.e. Salmonella, a bacterium that can contaminate many ingredients and survive on dry pet food, and then also infect animals and pet own-ers. To make a correct risk assessment is compulsory
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to identify and understand the safety risks, involving people and facility to define a specific control plan.
Furthermore, the use of novel ingredients in pet food recipes is an additional risk for dogs and cats, especially if such ingredients have never been used to feed other species, including humans, as little will be known about the related potential risks. Current marketing trends expect pet food manufacturers to provide increasingly innovative and advanced prod-ucts in response to consumer needs. These products should ensure the proper development and func-tioning of the body and be adapted to the age, phys-ical condition, diet, and environmental conditions of the final consumer. To achieve this, natural raw materials are used as dietary ingredients, which in-volve additional risks. Moreover, such products are oftentimes manufactured using new technologies.
Although production is carried out according to the principles of safe and sustainable food, with a defined process control, it is also necessary to constantly up-date the regulations in this field. The level of food
safety largely depends on effective legislation, as well as on the ability to enforce it. Updating regulations in terms of food production requirements will strength-en protection against harmful physical, chemical, bio-logical, food fraud and food defense factors.
It is therefore clear that food safety is a worthwhile topic, which can profoundly influence the success of the entire supply chain, the health and safety of the figures involved, from operators to pets and pet owners, so much so that in the end it can be consid-ered a keystone to keep pet owners’ confidence. The challenges in the safety fields can be really complex and often not evident but hidden in the depth of the process. For these reasons, it’s essential that all the figures involved in the various phases of the supply chain can rely not on mere safety product suppliers, but on specialized partners. Thanks to the in-depth knowledge of the field and specific skills, a solid part-ner can help to ensure that all process phases are dealt with in the most correct and efficient way to ensure the overall safety of the raw material and the finished product, for the success of the whole business.
About Bartosz Lebida
Bartosz Lebida Msc Eng is a graduate of Jagiellonian University and Cracow University of Technology (Poland). He worked 6 years as Quality Manager, responsible for production of several manufacturing plants special-ized in the production of high-quality products, such as animal meals and animal fats for the pet food industry. He recently joined Kemin Nutrisurance Europe team as Technical Service Manager, where he’s technical responsible for antioxidants and preservatives, dedicated to both rendering and pet food industry. He provides his customer with specific solutions to their needs, in accordance with best practices and the best products available.
About Cristina Murcia Garcia
Dr. Cristina Murcia García gained her PhD in Chemistry with focus on red-ox reactions from the University of Bonn (Germany). Since then, she has specialized in managing oxidation in rendering and pet food products. She works as Technical Service Manager for Kemin Nutrisurance Europe where she provides solutions to improve raw materials and pet food safe-ty and shelf-life. Besides, she develops tailor-made trials and protocols for customers and holds customer specific trainings on topics like oxidation, freshness, and food safety.
About Patrice Gault
Dr. Patrice Gault obtained his PhD in Food Science from the National Institute for Agronomic Research (France). During more than 20 years, he worked as Product Development Manager in several petfood industry leaders in Europe, gaining extensive experience in ingredients, formulation,
nutrition, palatability, and food safety. He joined Kemin Nutrisurance EMEA 6 years ago and works as Account & Technical Manager.
About Elena Fraccaroli
Elena Fraccaroli is graduated in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Padua (Italy). After working for a several years as vet anesthesiologist in a veterinary clinic, she entered the world of pet food production in the techni-cal team of an Italian manufacturing company. Now she works for Kemin Nutrisurance Europe as Technical Service Manager, dealing with a wide range of Kemin’s product specifically dedicated to pet food, such as palatants, functional ingredients, and preservative options. She provides solutions for the best palatability and safety of finished products, developing customized protocols to test the available choices. Elena also provides Kemin’s customers with trainings on palatant, food preservation and functional ingredients.
About Frank Clement
Frank Clement is a Principal Technical Service Manager (TSM) and the Kemin Application Services (KAS) manager of Kemin Nutrisurance EMEA, based in France. Frank coordinates EU antioxidant, preservatives, and palatability TSM team projects. During the past 7 years, he spent lot of time in slaughterhouses and rendering plants to evaluate the best strategy to preserve the freshness of raw materials and guaranty safe end pet food products. He has been at Kemin for 12 years, mainly focusing on antiox-idation subject and especially on EU Natural Antioxidant transition. As biochemist, he spent more than 30 years on pet food industry and especially on the analytical part at the beginning of his career.
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If data is the new oil, contextual information and process knowledge are the engine and navigation system to turn insights into action and create
sustainable customer value.
In recent years, digitization has turned from a buzzword into internet-of-things (IoT) appli-
cations with ever expanding economical use-cases. The tipping point has been the developments in micro-processing and sensor technologies. Micro-chips and sensors have increased in performance, decreased in cost and improved in ruggedness and reliability for industrial applications. Today’s chal-lenge is not about collecting data but putting it into a meaningful context and transforming it into valu-able information and actionable results.
TAPPING DATA SOURCESFeed plants produce both large quantities of feed
and unstructured data. A major part of this data is process dependent and can be extracted from infor-mation technology (IT) or operations technology (OT), such as enterprise resource planning systems or machine and process line control units. Secondary data sources come from sensing raw materials, equip-ment states and environmental and ambient condi-tions. Similar to a human being using all five senses to acquire data, various kinds of sensors perform this task in an industrial setup. Near-infra-red (NIR) sen-sors can detect product parameters such as moisture, fat or protein contents in grains; or a sensor using
laser scattering technology can analyze a product’s physical composition such as the particle size dis-tribution of feed after the grinding process. Defined data standards are prerequisites to enable interopera-bility between IT/OT systems and sensors and avoid data silos, therefore leveraging the full potential of connecting sensor, ambient and process data.
CONTEXT MATTERSSince data is an isolated, yet often numerical, piece
of information, it needs to be cleaned up and then put into relevant context to become meaningful and valu-able. Sounds trivial, but in practice, it is not. For ex-ample, a string of particle size readings is meaningless without correlating it with process data. The process of putting different data sets together takes not only data, but also experience to match up the correct con-text. A sample of ground feed with an average particle size reading with a median of 612 microns will mean different things in different contexts. The plant oper-ator may want to increase the median particle size to reduce electrical energy consumption. However, the livestock owner may want to decrease the particle size to improve the conversion of feed into animal weight. Conflicts of interests are apparent. But even optimiz-ing an isolated target can be challenging. Since the
FEED PRODUCTION ANALYTICS: BIG DATA IS NOT ENOUGH
Stefan HohHead of Market Segment Feed Milling & PremixBühler AG
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influence of the particle size on animal health and performance is subject to multiple parameters such as species, genetics, or raw materials and feed compo-sition, there is no universal “optimal” particle size – it is entirely context dependent. In-depth, and often cross-disciplinary process knowledge is fundamental to developing a robust model, considering the mul-tiple variables. Finally, relevant information and key performance indicators (KPI’s) need to be pulled to-gether in an intuitive user dashboard to assist human decision making, or – in an advanced scenario – set the foundation for self-optimizing and autonomous plant operations.
ALGORITHMS ARE ONLY AS SMART AS THEIR DEVELOPERSWhile self-controlled process loops, such as mois-
ture regulation of pellets, are already technological-ly feasible and supported by economical use cases, fully autonomously operated plants based on pre-set KPI’s are still further down the road. The latter requires a large amount of qualified and diverse data to mimic the long-term experience of well-trained operators. The greatest challenge in the industry today is developing the logic of the semantic data and process model, describing the dependencies of input variables, and selecting appropriate datasets to train and test the algorithm. Since feed ingre-dients are agricultural commodities, they are ex-
posed to many influencing factors such as climate or transport and storage conditions, increasing the challenge. In contrast, process data and data labels derived from IT/OT systems – motor load, bearing temperatures, machine vibrations, maintenance in-tervals etc. – have less volatility and more structure. Such data is used today for monitoring the health and state of processing equipment. Statistical meth-ods such as regression models, in combination with time series analysis, can make precise predictions on the wear of machine components, such as bearings, enabling predictive maintenance and thereby lead-ing to higher plant availability.
Context matters: data needs to be put in relation to other data to become meaningful.
"The quality of the dataset also grows with the number of real-world datasets, whereby additional value can be leveraged by tapping the data of process equipment from different plant locations. Cloud solutions are the tool of choice to aggregate the data and put it into a meaningful context, enabling feed millers to benchmark performance indicators across multiple production sites or even with industry peers."
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Interpreting these data and developing algorithms for predictive maintenance requires not only ex-pertise in data science, but also long-term process experience and application knowledge. It’s a mul-tidisciplinary task, requiring experts from various disciplines such as data science, process technology, operations, maintenance, and even nutrition sci-ence. For instance, the motor load of a pellet mill is not only determined by the recipe, but also related to process conditions such as speed of feeding or conditioning parameters – which are interrelated with the formulation, as how protein or starch are modified during conditioning. Given these depen-dencies, the question is where to set the threshold value of the motor load to prevent machine damage or a blockage of the pelleting line. The imperative is to avoid overfitting (machine stopping at uncritical conditions) or underfitting (not all critical scenarios are reflected) the model to avoid production capac-
ity losses. The larger and the more diverse the un-derlying dataset, the more reliable predictions and self-regulating control loops become.
Obviously, the quality of the dataset also grows with the number of real-world datasets, whereby ad-ditional value can be leveraged by tapping the data of process equipment from different plant locations. Cloud solutions are the tool of choice to aggregate the data and put it into a meaningful context, en-abling feed millers to benchmark performance in-dicators across multiple production sites or even with industry peers. Managing plants on KPI’s such as operating expenses (OPEX), plant utilization, greenhouse gas emissions, or product quality might even trigger new or more flexible business models. Finally, to drive feed millers’ margins in a world no longer fueled by oil but rather by data; contextual information and knowledge are the keys to success.
About Stefan HohStefan Hoh is Head of Market Segment Feed Milling & Premix at Bühler. He has profound expertise in global product man-
agement and digitalization and has been working in the animal feed industry for more than 10 years. Stefan holds Master’s degrees in Food Science and Economics, as well as continued studies in Digitalization Strategies.
Full transparency: dashboards support feed millers to manage their production based on corporate KPIs.
ARTICLE ARTICLE
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 71Innovations for a better world.
As a technology leader with long lasting experience in the industry, we support you in every aspect of the production of reliable animal feed:
– Plant design – Complete feed milling & premix plants– Industry 4.0 automation solutions– Intelligent process optimization– Installation and commissioning– Customer service through 100 service stations worldwide– Training & feed safety expertise
Find out more: www.buhlergroup.com/[email protected]
Total solution provider for integrated and digitalized feed plants.
VN_AN_FeedAdditive_210x297_A4_210503.indd 1VN_AN_FeedAdditive_210x297_A4_210503.indd 1 03.05.2021 10:57:3603.05.2021 10:57:36
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SHRIMP FEED INDUSTRY - THE SCENARIOIndia is the world's top exporter of shrimp in
terms of value, with shipments reaching US $3.5 bil-lion from January to October 2020. The country's shrimp farming area is around 160,000 hectares. In 2019, farmed shrimp output reached an all-time high of roughly 805,000 metric tonnes. A sizable potential area of 1.2 million hectares of brackish wa-ter is available in India, however, only 10 percent is being utilised. These vast resources are one of the key drivers catalysing the expansion of the Indian shrimp farming and feed business. The market was greatly influenced by the commercialisation of Li-topenaeus vannamei (white leg shrimp), spurred by the developed and developing countries' sustained
demand. The production and export of vannamei shrimp has surpassed native shrimp species, Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp), which were dominant until 2003. This increased the demand for shrimp feed and the market was valued at US$ 1.05 billion in 2020. Furthermore, the availability of enhanced product variations and use of commercially manu-factured shrimp feed have also helped to the indus-try’s growth and expansion to and fro.
There are 38 feed plants in India that can manufac-ture shrimp feeds, with a total capacity of 3.5 million MT. In 2019, the volume of shrimp feed deals was as-sessed at 1.3 million MT. Andhra Pradesh represents the largest market for shrimp feed and is expected to
AN OUTLOOK ON INDIAN SHRIMP FEED INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURERS
“There are 38 feed plants in India that can manufacture shrimp feeds, with a total capacity of 3.5 million MT. In 2019, the volume of shrimp feed deals was assessed at 1.3 million MT. Andhra Pradesh represents the largest market for shrimp feed and is expected to account for 53.90% of the total shrimp feed
market by 2022-23 followed by West Bengal (13.20%), Gujarat (11.0%), Tamil Nadu & Puducherry (10.50%), Odisha (7.40%) and Maharashtra (2.00%).”
V. Durai, Assistant ProfessorDr. MGR Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru
R. Dinesh, Assistant ProfessorMandapam Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Ramanathapuram
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account for 53.90% of the total shrimp feed market by 2022-23 followed by West Bengal (13.20%), Gu-jarat (11.0%), Tamil Nadu & Puducherry (10.50%), Odisha (7.40%) and Maharashtra (2.00%). Protein and lipid levels in shrimp feeds manufactured in In-dia are typically in the 32-41 percent and 5-6 percent ranges, depending on the type, such as Starter, Grow-er, and Finisher. Shrimp feeds contain a vast range of ingredients and additives, which are supplied by a diverse set of Indian and multinational enterprises.
SHRIMP FEED MANUFACTURERS1. Anmol Feeds (Nouriture)Anmol Feeds Pvt. Ltd. began operations in the
animal feed industry in 2000 with a single factory in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Since then, the business has steadily grown its manufacturing capabilities and marketing channels while maintaining the highest standards of quality. Recently, in 2019, the compa-ny has launched Latis Gold (38 percent protein), a customised feed with a higher protein content de-signed to address recent shrimp culture difficulties.
Brand: Latis Gold
2. Avanti Feeds Avanti Feeds is India's leading shrimp feed com-
pany. The company has formed a joint venture with Thai Union Frozen Products PCL, one of the world's largest seafood processors and producers of prawn and fish feed. Avanti Feeds began as a private limited business in January 1993 and eventually be-came a public limited corporation. The feed mill operation began in 2000. The company has 5 feed manufacturing units with a combined annual pro-duction capacity of 600,000 MT.
Brand: Manamei, Profeed 3M, Prostar, Titan
3. BMRBMR Group has expanded in the shrimp feed
market since its inception in 1991. The company has a modern feed mill that can produce 250 met-ric tonnes per day. BMR Group is the first verti-cally integrated farmed shrimp company in India to achieve four star accreditation from the Global Aquaculture Alliance.
Brand: Harvest Gold
4. Cargill Aqua Nutrition IndiaSince 2005, Cargill has begun supplying aqua-
culture feed in India through its facility in Rajah-mundry, Andhra Pradesh. Cargill Aqua-Nutrition was established as a separate business entity in 2016 to deliver targeted, high-quality inputs to India's booming aquaculture sector.
Brand: Purina
5. Charoen Pokphand India (CP India)CPF India is a subsidiary of the Charoen Pokphand
Group, a Thai global company. CP India was found-ed in 1992, and the first feed mill was opened in Chennai in 1996. The company now has 6 shrimp feed mills with a 400,000 MT annual capacity.
Brand: Blanca
6. Coastal FeedsThe company started its journey in 1994 with the
goal of producing low-cost shrimp feeds and trans-formed into a high-quality shrimp feed maker in 2019 by developing shrimp feed products in con-junction with BIOFERA LLC, USA.
Brand: Prova, Numei
7. Deepak NexgenNexgen had a new era in the production of shrimp
feed in 2017 by launching its new brand ‘I feed’. The company marked a sale of 100,000 MT in the year of 2019.
Brand: I feed
8. Devee FeedsDevee feeds began operations in 2016 with a pro-
duction capacity of 45,000 metric tonnes per year. Since then, the company has grown its capacity to 180,000 metric tonnes per year with two manufac-turing facilities.
Brand: Devee Premium Vannamei Feed, Devee Premium Black Tiger Feed
9. Dr. Attar Aqua FeedDr Attar Aqua Feeds inaugurated a new feed mill
in Bhiwani, Haryana in 2018, by utilising CIBA's VanamiPlus feed technology under an MOU. With an installed production capacity of 750 kg/h, the
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mill can produce 8-10 metric tonnes of feed per day.Brand: Om Prawn Feed
10. FalconFalcon is one of the leading producers of shrimp feeds
in India since April 2017. The firm has built a 72,000 MT per annum captive shrimp feed factory in Odisha, to address domestic demand and save feed transit time. Two more feed units are planned for Gujarat.
Brand: Falcon Fresh
11. Fedora Sea FoodsFedora Sea Foods, founded in 1990, specialises in
the production of Aqua Feeds and Feed Supplements.Brand: Spirow, Marrva
12. Godrej Agrovet LimitedIncorporated in 1991 Godrej Agrovet offers a di-
verse range of specially formulated feeds to fulfil the nutritional requirements of shrimps reared in Indi-an farming conditions.
Brand: Extavit, Hositho, Indica, White Diamond, Popular, Spark
13. Gold Coin IndiaOne of Asia's pioneers in manufacturing scientif-
ically-balanced animal feed and animal nutrition, Gold Coin was established in Singapore in 1953 and spread across 11 countries. Currently, the feeds are imported to India.
Brand: Gold Supreme
14. Grobest IndiaGrobest Feeds Corporation (India) Ltd was estab-
lished in India in 1999 with the goal of marketing imported Grobest feeds in the domestic market. The company has grown significantly since then. The year 2002 marked the beginning of the compa-ny's production operations.
Brand: Aqua Kare, Aqua Prima, Aqua Supreme, Smart, Pacific White, Aqua Best
15. Growel FeedsGrowel Feeds is marketed by a group of sea-
soned and successful entrepreneurs, as well as the promoters of M/S Growel Formulations (P) Ltd, Hyderabad, which has been a leader in the man-ufacturing of aquaculture healthcare products since 1994. Growel's shrimp feed facility began operations in 2014 with an annual capacity of 180,000 MT, which was raised to 188,000 MT in 2018.
Brand: Nutriva F15, Nutriva, Marigold, Tigeron, Sprint-LS
16. IB GroupHeadquartered in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh,
the IB firm began producing extruded and pelleted shrimp feed in 2015 based on US and European technology. The overall capacity of production is 300 tonnes per day.
Brand: Abis
17. IFB AgroIFB Agro is one of the leading processors/ex-
porters of Indian frozen seafood segment since 19 years. The largest distributor of Shrimp and Fish Feed in West Bengal has set foot into feed business on a pilot basis.
Brand: Nutra Feed (Shrimp)
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 75
18. Ishi MarineIshi Marine was established in May 2014 as an
exclusive feed supplier for the aquaculture industry partnering with Zeigler Feeds USA as their tech-nology transfer partner. They are the second shrimp feed manufacturing firm in Gujarat.
Brand: Ingesta, Nanshe, Ingesta (VPAK), Hamun, Timee, Timee (VPAK)
19. Nexture FeedsNexture Feeds, based in Andhra Pradesh, has over
eight years of service excellence and is a major man-ufacturer adding value to aquaculture nutrition.
Brand: Vena
20. Nexus FeedsNexus Feeds Ltd is a manufacturer of premium
quality feeds in partnership with Taiwan's Han-aqua. The firm is the first in India to be approved by the EIA.
Brand: Nexus Hanaqua White, Nexus Hanaqua BT
21. NGNG Group started an advanced aqua feed manufac-
turing facility in technical partnership with Andritz AZ, Austria, a global pioneer in the aqua feed business.
Brand: L3.
22. Nutri FeedsNutri Feeds established in the year 2015 as a part-
nership enterprise. They are a major manufacturer of a diverse range of shrimp feeds based in Krishna, Andhra Pradesh.
Brand: Nutri Max, Nutri Rich, Nutri Eco, Nutri Ace
23. Pasupati AgrovetThe Pasupati Group began in 1982 as a tiny chicken
farm in a remote area in Odisha. A completely auto-mated shrimp feed plant was established in 2019 at the New Industrial Estate in Jagatpur, Cuttack, Odisha.
Brand: Pasupati Vannamei Shrimp Feed
24. RNK FeedsRNK, a Rohit Kedia group company, pioneered
the sector with ‘Sunny’ feed and has been active in
the segment for the last six years.Brand: Sunny, Daksh
25. Royals Marine Food Royals Marine Food was a pioneer in 1990 when
it began importing and supplying formulated shrimp feed to Indian farmers. Royals Feed is one of the most recent entrants into the shrimp feed industry with a new facility that was planned and constructed using world-class sophisticated pelleting machinery from IDAH, Taiwan. The completely automated factory now operates a single line with a daily throughput of 100 MT and an annual capacity of around 30000 MT.
Brand: Royals Vannamei, Royals BT, Royals HiSaline
26. Sandhya MarinesSandhya Marines Ltd. was founded in 1987 and
has established a reputation as a supplier of quali-ty seafood products. The company has entered into shrimp feed segment in the year 2019.
Brand: Premium Vannamei Feed
27. Sharat IndustriesSharat Industries Limited (SIL) was founded in
1990 and is India's oldest integrated aquaculture company. SIL began producing shrimp feed in its very own shrimp manufacturing facility with a pro-duction capacity of more than 20,000 tonnes.
Brand: Vannastar
28. Sheng Long IndiaSheng Long Biotech India Pvt. Ltd. is a subsid-
iary firm of the Guang Dong Haid Group, which is a leader in the production of aquatic feed and premixes, fish and shrimp breeding, and the devel-opment of animal health products worldwide. The company established a feed mill in Tamil Nadu, which has been in operation since 2019.
Brand: Lion, Royal Dragon, Tiger
29. Skretting IndiaSkretting began operations in India in 2018 by
importing shrimp feeds from Skretting Vietnam and distributing and selling in local markets in order to establish their products. Skretting India intends to
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76 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
About R. Dinesh Dinesh has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aquaculture at the Mandapam Centre for Sustainable (MCe-
SA) of Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), India since 2021. He undertakes strategic and applied research in the field of Mariculture, offering extension services to farmers as well. Dinesh completed his Master’s degree in Fisheries Science with a special focus on Aquaculture at the Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) and his undergrad-uate studies at TNJFU. His research interests lie in Aquaculture and Aquaculture Nutrition. Before joining academics, he was directly involved with the shrimp production industry for five years, working with different corporates. He has won prestigious awards and has authored several books and peer-reviewed articles. Dinesh serves as a reviewer for high impact journals and he’s a member of various professional and academic societies.
About V. Durai V. Durai works as an Assistant Professor at Dr. MGR Fisheries College and Research Institute, Nagapattinam, India. He
earned his Master of Fisheries Science (MFSc) degree from Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukkudi. He also completed an MBA (HR) at Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore. Prior to joining, he spent 17 years in sales and marketing at CPF India Pvt Ltd, where he was involved in a variety of aquaculture-related activities.
begin feed production in Q1-2022 at a capacity of 50,000 metric tonnes per year, with a planned growth to 75,000 metric tonnes per year in phase 2.
Brand: Gamma, Lorica, White Tiger, Vitalis 2.5
30. The Waterbase Ltd.The Waterbase Ltd., India's first fully integrated
aquaculture enterprise, was founded in 1993. It was initially established in technical collaboration with LUXE, Taiwan, a leading producer of prawn and fish feeds in the globe. The company operates two units with a combined annual capacity of 60,000 MT.
Brand: Baywhite Enriched, Ultra XL, Tiger Bay XL
31. Unibait FeedsUnibait Feeds Pvt Ltd is a premium aqua feed com-
pany that has been in operation for more than 25 years and is promoted by experienced professionals in the aqua feed industry. The company has a tech-nological relationship with INVIVO NSA of France.
Brand: Oshil, Orion, Imoka
32. Uni-President IndiaUni-President (Vietnam) was established in 1999
in Vietnam. The company’s aquatic feed business is spread all over Asia with a yearly production of 400,000 ton. A wide variety of feeds are available for L.vannamei and P.monodon under 17 different brands based on region and type of farming prac-
ticed. One brand is imported at present. Plans are also being worked out for a feed mill setup in India.
Brand: UniVANA
33. Vijaya Saradhi FeedsVijaya Saradhi Feeds began the commercial feed
production in 1994 using cutting-edge technology and has a production capacity of 8,000 tonnes.
Brand: Hybrid, Ned-Inde, Fast Grow, Soma Surya
CONCLUSIONMany people are involved in this sector, both di-
rectly and indirectly, and are interdependent. Feed mills primarily distribute their products through distributors and dealers. Cash or credit payments result in different feed pricing in India. Currently, the shrimp feed costs range from $1.10 to $1.40 per kg. Farmers who pay cash get a 10-15% rebate and dealers usually get a discount of 10-15% as well. Overall, the feed mill stands to gain a benefit of 10-15% from the feed sales.
References1. Suresh, A.V. (2020). How India Became the
World’s Top Shrimp Producer. Global Seafood Alli-ance. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/how-in-dia-became-the-worlds-top-shrimp-producer/.
2. Securities and Exchange Board of India. (2018). Securities and Exchange Board of India. https://www.sebi.gov.in. Accessed Nov 11, 2021.
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“The majority of pet food brands from Italy and other European countries are not registered in category 3108 in China or are already registered by other companies which can cause a major barrier for the product to enter China.
According to Chinese law, only trademarks registered in China are protected by law.”
According to the General Administration of Customs for the People’s Republic of China,
there are 16 manufacturing facilities from Italy reg-istered to export pet food to China. As of last year (2020) China Customs (GACC) approved 10 new manufacturing facilities from Italy which led to an increase in the number of pet food manufacturers listed from Italy to 16 in total. Other 6 manufactur-ing units were listed in the year 2017. The recently listed pet food companies include Prosol SPA, Diusa Pet Srl, Adragna Alimenti Zootecnici Srl, Befood Srl, Mister SPA, NP Industries SPA, Netsle Italiana SPA, Sany pet SPA, ACEL Pharma and Landini Giuntini SPA. The approved pet food manufacturers need to apply for a product registration license issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)of the People’s Republic of China to complete the registration procedure. Without the product license, it won’t be possible to export their pet food to China regardless of the GACC approval.
CHINA MARKET EXPECTED TO GROW ANNUALLY BY 1.82%Several manufacturing units have already ob-
tained the product license to export to China. In October 2021, Acel Pharma Srl was issued the product license by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) for some of their products which already completed the product registration procedure including, Renal P Powder, Renal P paste, and Florentero Act Paste. The product reg-istration takes 4 to 6 months after submitting all the required material to MARA and sorting out all the document preparation according to China’s re-quirements. The number of other pet food brands and manufacturing facilities from Italia is expect-ed to increase in the coming days and enter the China market, which amounts to US$1,282m in 2021. The China market is also expected to grow annually by 1.82% (CAGR 2021-2026) to reach US$1402m in 2021 according to Statista’s China pet food market report for Oct. 2021.
France and Germany are other countries from Eu-rope that have recently completed the registration process to enter China market. In July this year, GACC approved one manufacturing facility from France, La Normandise, and the number of ap-
PET FOOD EXPORT FROM EUROPE TO CHINA
Faraji MaletaRing One Technology Ltd., Beijing, China
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 79
proved pet food manufacturers from France reached 6 in total. More brands from Germany are ready to enter China market, several manufacturing facilities from Germany have already completed the product registration process to export to China. Bosch Tier-nahrung, a pet food manufacturing company from Germany already completed products license earlier this year (2021) for their 4 brands including Sana-belle, Chicopee Classic Nature Lines, Dr. Clauder’s, and Bosch High Premium Concept.
Other countries from Europe approved by GACC to export pet food to China include Spain, Czech Republic, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Austria.
BARRIERS TO ITALIAN BRANDS AND PET PRODUCTS ENTERING CHINAThe majority of pet food brands from Italy and
other European countries are not registered in cat-egory 3108 in China or are already registered by
other companies which can cause a major barrier for the product to enter China. According to Chinese law, only trademarks registered in China are pro-tected by law. Thus, if the trademark is registered by others, direct sale products in China can cause trademark infringement and cause legal risks which can take one or two years or longer from trademark disputes. And this can result in companies to put more energy and time to that.
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80 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
IMPORTANCE OF USING GOOD QUALITY CHOLINE
“Every formulator giving good interest to the quality of raw material which not included the quality of choline and its amount must give good attention to the
quality of choline chloride.”
Choline is a beta-hydroxyethyl trimethylam-monium hydroxide.
• Pure choline is a colorless, viscous, strongly al-kaline liquid that is notably hygroscopic which is soluble in water, formaldehyde and alcohol, has no definite melting or boiling point.
• The chloride salt of this compound, choline chloride. This choline chloride consists of deliquescent white crystals, which are very soluble in water and alcohols. Aqueous solutions are almost pH neutral.
Choline is ubiquitously distributed in all plant and animal cells, mostly in the form of the phos-pholipids phosphatidylcholine (lecithin).
Choline is present in the unsupplemented diet main-ly in the form of lecithin, with less than 10% present either as the free base or as sphingomyelin. Choline is released from lecithin by hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen & absorbed in the jejunum and ileum mainly by an energy and sodium dependent carrier mechanism.
The main function of choline is to act as a lipotrop-ic agent and it prevents the abnormal fatty infiltration in liver (Fatty Liver Syndrome) as the enzyme hepatic
betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is stimulated by choline. It helps in the formation of an excitatory neurotransmitter-acetylcholine, which is re-sponsible for proper functioning of the nervous system and maintaining its harmony.
WHY IS THERE A NEED OF EXOGENOUS SUPPLEMENTATION OF CHOLINE IN FEED?Since there is no consistency in the choline con-
tent in the natural feedstuffs and also their bioavail-ability is not predictable. Bioavailability of the na-tive choline in feed ingredients.
Rapeseed has significantly higher choline content than soybean and peanut meals.
HOW CHOLINE CHLORIDE IS PRODUCED? There are three basic raw materials which are re-
quired for the production of choline chloride which are as follows: 1-Trimethyl amine (TMA) 2-Ethylene ox-ide (EO) 3-Hydrochloric acid (HCl) The intermediate product thus produced is treated with ethylene oxide (EO) to neutralize the TMA in the finished product.
If it is not neutralized properly then it would result in a higher level of TMA content in the fin-ished product. Most of the cheaper brands available
Bishoy SaidMarketing & Technical Support Specialistof Poultry Nutrition & Feed Additives - Egypt
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 81
in the international market have high level of TMA (Ethylene oxide being the costliest amongst all).
HOW DOES THIS CHOLINE HAVE BAD EFFECT ON BIRDS?1. High trimethylamine content causes toxicity
in birds (bad quality choline):The most important & limiting raw material, which
decides the quality of the product, is trimethylamine (TMA), which is highly corrosive in nature which its permissible limit i.e. >200ppm (80ppm to 110ppm) so, higher by 0.5%-1% than the actual content, it causes toxicity in birds, causing sloughing of the intestinal mucosa and results in malabsorption (re-duced nutrient utilization).Moreover, the fumes gen-erated by TMA while entering the respiratory tract of the bird lead to discomfort that restricts the birds from feeding and ultimately it results in reduced pro-duction and may even cause to death.
Specially In layer: It will affect the product quality and the palatability (irritative ammoniacal odour), causing bad odour& taste in eggs.
2. Microbial choline degradation to (TMA) (high amount of choline):
Non-absorbed choline is one of the precursors of TMA produced in the gut by anaerobic symbiotic microbes.
TMA is efficiently absorbed from the G.I.T and then converted in the liver to TMAO by the fla-vin-containing monooxygenase isoform 3 enzyme (FMO3). Both TMA and TMAO are eliminated in the urine (urinary total TMA i.e. TTMA = TMA plus TMAO).
To avoid these bad effects, take care of some pa-
rameters while selecting your choline.
Ingredients
Corn
Soya bean meal (48)
Corn gluten meal
Fat meat meal (55)
Wheat
Ppm choline
620
2731
330
2077
1002
Converted to ppm choline chloride
713
3140
379
2388
1152
IEEB (1997)
Ppm choline chloride
200
3560
660
1570
440
NRC (1994)
Note:- NRC values are in choline hydroxide. They have been converted to choline chloride (equivalent multiply by 1.15)- IEEB (Institute Europeén de I’Environnement de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux); results are based on chemical analysis
Table 2. Choline chloride contents of ingredients – comparison of table figures to estimated values
PARAMETER
Description
Choline Chloride %(w/w)
Moisture (%w/w)
Particle retention on mesh 20 ASTM /18 BSS (%w/w)
Density (Tapped) g/ml
Trimethylamine Content (ppm)
REQUIREMENT
Yellowish brown coloured & granular powder
NLT 60
NMT 03
NMT 20
0.4 to 0.6
NMT 200
Global specification of choline chloride:
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82 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
The global pet food market has gained re-markable momentum, especially with the
Covid 19 pandemic. It was perhaps one of the few sectors that the pandemic positively affected. Ac-
cording to the Pet Food Market report prepared by Fortune Business Insights and revealing the 2021-2028 projection; the global pet food market size was USD 93.94 billion in 2020. The Covid 19
Global Pet Food Market and TrendsThe global pet food market is projected to grow from USD 97.47 billion in 2021 to USD 136.82 billion by 2028, showing a CAGR of 4.96% during the forecast period (2021-2028). On the basis of animal type, the global pet food market is segregated into dogs, cats, and others. The adoption of dogs as pets is significantly higher across the globe which is a major reason behind the dominance of this animal in the global market. By form analysis, the market is segmented into dry form, wet form, and snacks & treats. Dry form is the most preferred dog & cat food option by the pet owners.
By Derya Yıldız
MARKET REPORT MARKET REPORT
FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 83
pandemic had negative impact on the supply chain of the pet food industry, due to disruption in pro-duction and logistics. However, with pet products manufacturers’ continuous efforts to ensure that food supplies for pet animals don’t get disrupted and high demand for dog & cat food among pet owners, have led to rise in the value of global mar-ket by 3.50% in 2020 compared to the average year-on-year growth during 2017-2019. The mar-ket is projected to grow from USD 97.47 billion in 2021 to USD 136.82 billion by 2028, showing a CAGR of 4.96% during the forecast period (2021-2028).
Allied Market Research also supports growth ex-pectations in its Pet Food Market report covering the 2021-2030 period. According to the Allied Market Research report, the global pet food market size was valued at $87,27 billion in 2020, and is projected to reach $133,4 billion by 2030, register-ing a CAGR of 4.6% from 2021 to 2030.
As people have been working from home during the lockdown, many used this as an opportunity to get a family pet. Various studies have indicated that people who have pets suffer less with problems such as loneliness and depression due to the compan-ionship that pet ownership brings. During the first couple of months of 2020, breeders and rescue cen-ters reported a boom in enquiries from people look-ing for pets. According to the report published by Mars Petcare, a leading pet (dog & cat) food man-ufacturer, the combined sales of cat and dog treats grew by 6.5% in the 12 weeks between February and May 2020.
PRODUCT SALES INCREASED DURINGCOVID-19 PANDEMICDuring the initial phase of the pandemic out-
break, supply chain disruptions were observed in the global dog & cat food market. These disrup-tions in the supply chain occurred due to a shortage in raw materials, workers, and restrictions on trans-port. However, the operations were back to normal on the lifting of lockdown. Additionally, higher pet adoption, rising demand for premium dog & cat food, and change in strategies by pet animal food manufacturers have positively impacted the glob-al sales of dog & cat food. Also, pet owners have stocked up on dog & cat food during lockdown which caused a short-term boom in sales.
LATEST TRENDS IN PET FOOD MARKETAccording to the Fortune Business Insights re-
port; the concept of personalized food products for pets is becoming widespread across the developed markets, and is expected to become popular across the developing markets in the forthcoming years. Personalization of food products for pet animals has a lot of potential to grow significantly as the pet owners are becoming increasingly conscious about the food they are feeding to their pets. Pet owners need transparency about the ingredients used in the preparation of pet animal food products.
This offers a huge growth opportunity to brands or companies that offer specially formulated and
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84 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
customized food products for pet animals. Fur-thermore, customized food products hold a lot of potential because some of them are efficient in ad-dressing particular pet conditions such as obesity, dry skin, and others.
INCREASING PET OWNERSHIP SUPPORTS GROWTHThe increasing rate of pet ownership worldwide,
especially across the developing regions is anticipat-ed to be one of the primary drivers of the market. According to the Fortune Business Insights report; pet humanization is encouraging the pet owners to opt for nutritious and quality food for their pets, further boosting the market's growth. Additional-ly, the rising per capita income of the consumer is motivating them to spend on healthy and organic food products for pet animals to aid their health. Moreover, easy availability of products with differ-ent price ranges is a growth-promoting factor for the global market.
INCREASING INNOVATION BY PET FOOD MANUFACTURERS POSITIVELY INFLUENCING MARKETThe key global market players are focusing on
the launch of a variety of food products for pets to
address the needs of different types of animals be-longing to different age groups. This is projected to drive the global pet food market growth. In recent years, companies such as The J.M. Smucker, Nestle, and Mars Inc. launched premium food products to grab the consumers’ attention and address the grow-ing pets' needs.
For instance, In November 2020, Nestle Purina launched pet animal food that builds on alternative proteins to make better use of the planet's resources. The range includes insects as well as plant protein from fava beans and millet. Similarly, in 2018, Nes-tle Purina Petcare launched “Supercoat”, a premium range of dog food in India. These market players are tapping into the markets with higher potential in countries such as China, Argentina, and India to increase their revenue.
GROWTH RESTRAINING FACTORSAccording to the Fortune Business Insights re-
port, stringent regulations associated with pet food are one of the factors that obstruct market growth. Pet (dog & cat) food comes under the most highly regulated food products, especially across the west-ern markets. In the developed markets, pet animal foods are examined stringently at every stage, be-
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ginning from the ingredients utilized in the food preparation to their sales, and marketing. The high stringency associated with commercialization can be a major restraining factor for the growth of the pet animal food market. Moreover, lower acceptance for premium or high-priced dog & cat food across some developing markets can also be an obstacle for the growth of the market.
DOGS TO BE LEADING REVENUE CONTRIBUTORS IN MARKETOn the basis of animal type, the global pet food
market is segregated into dogs, cats, and others. According to the Fortune Business Insights report, the adoption of dogs as pets is significantly higher across the globe which is a major reason behind the dominance of this animal in the global market. The humanization of animals has led to the adop-tion of more dogs and cats across the globe. High expenditure associated with the maintenance and well-being of dogs is driving the market for nat-ural and higher-quality dog food. The launch of dog treats and nutrition-rich food is another sig-nificant reason contributing to the growth of the segment.
In the forthcoming years, cat ownership is ex-pected to increase across the globe at a crucial pace as they are low-maintenance animals and are very much human-friendly. According to the Allied Market Research report, dogs segment is expected to grow at highest CAGR of 4.7% during the 2021-2030 forecast period.
DRY PET FOOD IS THE MOST PREFERRED By form analysis, the market is segmented into
dry form, wet form, and snacks & treats. Accord-ing to the report, dry form is the most preferred dog & cat food option by the owners. This can be attributed to the fact that dry form products offer higher convenience and have a higher shelf-life as compared to wet food. For dogs, dry food is the most favored option as it is cheap and hence afford-able for many dog owners. Moreover, dry pet food, due to their firm texture, aids the dental health of pets along with maintaining their dental hygiene.
According to the Allied Market Research report, dry pet food segment is expected to grow at highest CAGR of 5.3% during the 2021-2030 forecast period.
Snacks & treats segment is emerging as an ex-otic product option for various pets due to their delicious taste and higher quality. This segment is expected to grow significantly in the forthcoming years owing to the active participation of market players in launching a variety of multipurpose and healthy snacks and treats options for dogs, cats, and other pets.
INCREASING INTEREST IN ONLINE RETAIL CHANNELS According to the Fortune Business Insights re-
port, supermarkets/hypermarkets and other mass merchandisers are projected to hold the dominant
KEY COMPANIES:
Big Heart Pet Brands,
Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc.
Colgate-Palmolive Company
Deuerer,
Diamond Pet Foods
General Mills, Inc.
Heristo AG
Mars Incorporated
Merrick Pet Care, Inc.
Nestle S.A.
The Hartz Mountain Corporation,
The J.M. Smucker Company
The J.M. Smucker Company
Tiernahrung Deuerer GmbH
WellPet LLC
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86 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE December 2021
share in global pet food sales. The reason behind this dominance can be attributed to the high con-sumer preference for buying products from large re-tail stores, where they are offered an abundance of choices in terms of brands and prices.
Attractive shelf-arrangements in specialty dog & cat food retail shops, coupled with the higher avail-ability of exotic, custom-designed, and premium food products for pet animals within these stores are expected to further boost the growth of the seg-ment. According to the Allied Market Research re-port, specialized pet shops segment is expected to grow at highest CAGR of 5.1% during the 2021-2030 forecast period.
Also, the sale of food products of pet animals through online channels is anticipated to intensi-fy globally in the upcoming years attributed to the
increasing inclination of millennials towards online purchasing. High convenience offered by the online channels such as doorstep delivery along with the rising collaboration of industry giants with retail e-commerce players are expected to further fuel the segment’s growth.
THE STATUS OF REGIONS IN PET FOOD MARKETNorth America currently holds the majority of pet
food market share in the global market and the region is predicted to lead the market throughout the forecast period. According to the Fortune Business Insights re-port, high adoption of pets in the U.S. households is one of the significant reasons for the dominance of the region. According to a survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association (APPA), about 85 million U.S. households, which constitute ap-proximately 67% of the total households present in
"By form analysis, the market is segmented into dry form, wet form, and snacks & treats. According to the report, dry form is the most preferred dog & cat food option by the owners. This can be attributed to the fact that dry form products offer higher convenience and have a higher shelf-life as compared to wet food."
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FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINEDecember 2021 87
the U.S., own a pet. The positive attitude of North American consumers towards pet humanization and its wide adoption is encouraging the market growth of nutritious food products for pet animals.
According to the Allied Market Research report, North America dominates the market and is expect-ed to grow at highest CAGR of 5.0% during the 2021-2030 forecast period.
High spending on sustainable and safe pet an-imal food due to humanization trends drives the growth rate of the European market. In addition, pet owners in Europe demand for more transpar-ency in pet animal food product ingredients. The U.K. is the largest pet animal food market in Eu-rope; and is followed by Germany and France. Ac-cording to Mars Petcare State of the Pet Nation, 72 percent of U.K. pet owners consider themselves as pet parents. Furthermore, the tendency of U.K. pet owners to buy premium and natural pet animal food products also drives the high utilization of pet animal food.
Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-grow-ing region in the global market, followed by South America. Economies such as Japan, Australia, and China are the major contributors to revenue gener-ation across the region. Japan is one of the leading importers of prepared dog and cat food across the world, however, the pet animal food market in the country is showcasing sluggish growth. The market in China and India is expected to rise significant-ly during the forecast period due to the increasing consumer expenditure on food products for pet an-imals across these countries, coupled with the in-creasing investment by the global market players within these economies.
Brazil is the second largest pet (dog & cat) food market in the world after the United States. The dominance of Brazil in South America pet animal food market is due to high pet ownership, growing focus on pet health, and high spending on natural, high-quality pet animal foods. Additionally, Brazil has the most diverse pet population in the world;
hence, along with dogs and cats, small families, childless couples, and singles living in apartments prefer birds and fish as pets.
The market in the Middle East & Africa is driv-en by rising adoption of companion animals and higher focus on quality products. The growing middle-class population in Africa also supports the growth of the region. Turkey is a key dog & cat food market in the region, and its sales are driven by high demand in local and foreign markets. Moreover, the Turkish dog & cat food market is dominated by lo-cal pet animal food manufacturers.
KEY INDUSTRY PLAYERSAccording to the Fortune Business Insights report,
the pet food market is consolidated with five major players holding more than 60% of the global market share. These market players, namely Nestle Purina Petcare, Colgate-Palmolive, and The J.M. Smucker Company, are making rigorous efforts to increase their market share and establish their dominance in the global market. Mars Incorporated holds the majority share in the global, as well as in several other regional markets. The company has adopted strategies such as innovative product launch, brand strengthening, mergers & acquisitions, and online distribution of its products to increase its customer base and lead the global market. In the past years, the company has acquired a number of reput-ed brands such as Natura, Eukanuba, and others. Moreover, it has actively involved itself in online retail sales by collaborating with e-commerce retail giants such as Alibaba Group.
References: 1. Fortune Business Insights, Pet Food Market
2021-2028, https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/pet-food-market-100554
2. Allied Market Research Pet Food Market, 2021-2030, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pet-food-market
3. Mordor Intelligence, Pet Food Market - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2021 - 2026), https://www.mordorintelligence.com/indus-try-reports/global-pet-food-market-industry
