Proceedings of theEleventh fnternational Conference

of Bthiopian StudiesAddis Ababa, Aprit t-6 l99l

Edited byBahru Zewde

Richnrd PankhurstTnddese Beycne

Volume I

Institute of Ethiopian StudiesÂddis Abnba University

1994

IS THE ETHIOPIAN HOLY TryESK SERVTCE

TRANSLATED FROM SAHIDIC?

TowARDS ilru-uf or rrIE c'tnf,'lr IIEM{'MAT

Ugo Zanetti

The Ethiopien Holy Week serYice' or Gebra Hemimât ( t{a: ,

à?r+ ) is hardly tnownin liturgical littentufe, rnrinty because very little has

been written about it in nurop.rn rlguages., since Di[mann published, in 1847'

;; -;

i,t introduction rlt " tlotton manuscript2' it is most commonly

rssumql thet rho n*riopic texi is simply a translation from the Coptic Bas'he es

revised by bishop peter of Behnesr, rs Burmester showed!, possibly with some

local adaPtations.

The argurnent is fairty simple: the lext given by Diltmann' which can glso

be found in rhe riturgicar ;iii;", oi the Gcbra Hemdmttt , probabry in an Erhiopic

rnanuscripls' an,t at lea"Jn't*i, if "*

all' ioptic manuscripts ant erlitions"

teils us that6 Gqbriel iu" i"Lir,, tfie lolr patriarch of Atexandria, noticed the (lay)

Ëpi" "*fa iot artend rhe noty w*t- services' according lo what had been

orrlered by the Holy ApJ;;b";"use of their worklly obligations; toallow them

to tulfrill their religious il;;T";J r number of doctors inctuding monks from the

monastery of St-Macoriu;:;;A ; *rvice with readings from tho old snd Nsw

Testament for the t -l;;

;; the evening' while the other Hours werc left

wirhout readings; rnd ttrey-cglled it ttre Uoof of ?assion ( rrf,Â&: 'l'll4:

àtt+) - in Arabicr et-Baqha)' t-ater on' Peter' Bishop of Behnesô' marvelletl of

the lack ofbalance U"tr""""lËfrourr, "n,l

hc rcvise4 the book, rrranging foreach

Hour propheci", *O go;i ;*d-ittgt' together with two exhortations for each day'

one in thi morning and one for the evening'

Patriarch Crbriel ibn Tursik (ll3l'1145) is well'kng*t st' a reformer?

especially in the fiel<l t;ï;;;v;;dl"1t the .coptic

priest Sams al-Ri'isa Ab[

f-Barakât ibn Kabar (T iil;:ilthor of "

titurgi"al encyclopedia cal.lerl The Latnp

o!DarknessaldElucidation-o!sewicc,stlpportstheabovecolophongndattributestoo 'the Bnok of s*r,"ï'i; Ë"ù*trt ôabïel ibn Turaiks' so thst we may eafely

assume that this first errangement of the Prssion \rVeek wrs done in the first hdf

of the Xllù ccntury.

Thc question is less simple with Bishol Peter of Behnesâ' A Coptic poem

wrirten in the XVIIù *",ïO;; ;;*h is sometinnes called for infonnation' simply

inclurtert the sbove colophon in his tcxt (verÊos t8 to 3?)' so ihat it crnnot be

deeme<l lo be an ino"f*Juni source' Abii l'Barakât' who died in lt24' rttributes

|oPcterofBehnesitheservicel'orrheConsecrationofnewflrnls-nol,.howêver'the revisi.n of rhe passiln'il*r-*,ui*ro: this impries that peter shoukl el least

ril/

î!

a

;

t,;!:

765

have lived earlier thrn 1320 A.D. Evenrually, the b€tter 'terminus rnte quem' con

be gained from the scala ollohn,bishop oisan'.annÛd, who atrributes to Peler the

.Service over lhe Besin. ti Ue lreia on ùaundy Thurslay, on the fegst of SS.. Peter

and Peul and on tho dey of epiptt-y"; theiroubte with John' however' is thal

we do not know when he livJ.'nu**i". wrote he tived circa 1230 A'D'r2, but

I found no evidence for this date: fhe only safe point is that his- Scala was

comoletedbeforetheoneofAh]Is l ra4ibnal- 'Assâ|,whoshou|dhavebeenet;ffiÏ;_r;a;.DJr. Thus, since John of samannûd must have complete4

et least sonrÊ yean; befora 1263-1264 the Scala it which he refers io Peter of

netiesâ as the euthor of rhe 'service over the basin"' we can safely assume lhst

p"i"t *utt have tivert before the second half of the Xll* century'

Resuming lhe question, it appars that the Coptic Basha would hav.e'teen

composal in the irrst f,"if "i

tft" Xd c"ntu'y by Patriarch Gabriet ibn Turaik' rnd

thst it would hrve been revised before the second half of the Xlllù century by

BishopPeterofBehnesl.bteron,thisrevisonwoulr|havebeensimplytranslatedinto Erhiopian, and auidili tris sloria de lla leileratura etiopica, attributed this

trrnslation to the time of ÀUUA Sal6mâ, in rhe second half of the XIVù century'r'

My present research, which wgs raised-bv a.ruTt*t^:f ^L"i1lt.t:;,:Ot"

the liturgical edition or tii'c"tr" I{emltndt (MGH), aims to see how far the

;;;;, Ëtniopic book service does in fact correspond to the coptic one'

To snswer this question, I shall first give the sratus quaestionis about the

Coptic Passion Wu"t t"ilt" then, moving to the Ethiopian service' I shall show

thrt Ethiopian 'otitionri ,,t iot lU"nti"tl so that we cannot just follow one of

if,"r, "u"n,u"lly,

I will try, although in r provisional manner at the present stage'

io establish the relation oi tt'" C'b'n llemltnrtlt to the Coplic tradition' For a first

study, I have timited ti*f i tmtty to the Bihlical lessons' which can bc hrnderl

faster and safer than trymns or litanies; later on' I hope to broaden my field in

order to inctude the whole of lhe service'

The CoPtic Balha

Ofcourse,onecouklhardly imaginethat 'unt i l theXl lùcentury ' lheCoptic Church had no scrvicc at ali for thc Passion rfleck' which is the most

important time of the f it"tgiôt"tf We.can simply assume t!al' a; anywhere else'

there were diferent f.*"iir".tiii.rns, and that Patriarch Gabriel tried to introtuce

someuniformity intheservicesofhisChurch. l |owever,her| idnotcomp|ete|ysucceerl, since at t"".t n* ùS' giving a much simpler servicc hasteen preserval:

I nrean the so-calted cÀex Scàigerl n,i* MS. ([æi<ten, Univ' Libr" or' 241\'

is r bilingual crr"t nr.ii" r""ii.i"ry; Baumstark notice<l it helongs to the coptic

trrdition and describe<l it in l9l4 "ntl'

fift'"n years ago' De Jonghe was able to

showithasbeenwri t tenintheScet ianmonâster icsinA.D.1265|5'AfterBaumsiark, l i turgio|ogistsassumethatthis isanarchaictypof |ect ionary,wi th

t1ii{' l

..

766

twoservicesaday(exceptforGoodFriday)andnoO.T.reedingetall(excepttheintroductory psel-ô; it is to be notêd tbsi it hes been written urd usod more than

acent.,rryafterGabrie|'sdisposition(nottote|keboutPeter'srevision)-thusshowing that even this patriarchal reform was noi yet accepted everywhere by the

end of the XItù centurY.

It seems rt legst that Gabriel's tectionery was prrcticed in Ceiro by the

first quaier oi ,t t XtW centurtr sinco Ahi l-Barakit ibn Kebrr' who wes e

priest in cairo rnd wrs extrenreiy well informed, describes rs 'norrnsl Prscticc'

"s.r . , icewitho.T.rerdingsonlyr t rhof i rstgndtheninthdayhoursl6: th is istheseryice aranged by Gatrrii ibn -Tunik; however' this rlco shows that Peter of

Behnesd'srevieion,withitsincrersednumberofO'T'readings'wrscertainlynotusedinCairobythgttime.Butit isquirepossibtethatPeter'srevisionwouldhavebeeninuseatSadamanrmonastery 's inceAbùl-Baraki tetsofecordsthatthemonksofSadamant<li<|,athisrime,haveaPassionWeekserviceincludingo.T.,""aing.atev€ryhour.Afteratt,sadamantisnotfarfromBehness,bothlyinginMiddle EgYPt.

Now, the Coptic Holy rWeek lectionsr!' ot Bas'ha' hrs been-critically

publisherl try Burmester; "ott,ting

2l MSS,'-Burmester published only thc text of

themostancientone,buthegev-eaconcordancetable,at theendofhise<l i t ion'where all readings from ail his MSS. rre listedrt. He concluded the MSS. could

be divirtert into three g-up,,(l) tho so+dled 'normal'group' with- 15.MSS"

practicatly fits with to.f"y'! *t"ite (es- it "*-t

found in liturgical books) end

should be the service ;J ;";ù ty l"t"r of Behnesâ; (2) a second group is

represented by two ,"r, s|*i""I uss. onty,.: einco this group contrins much

fewer O.T. readings, S,t.,*ttut supposed it might represent the service as

arrangulbyGabrielibnTureikbeforePeter'srevision(Burmesterpublishedthetextof theo|<test . rndshortest-MS.,cal l€d.L. ;however, tbeotherwitness'callerl ,Rr" does have many addirional lessons, as we shall see tater on); (3) the

thinl group is made out oi A f,lsS're; it contsins e number of reodings higher than

the so-cetled .normal'-service!, and shoukl be itself I revision of Peter's

revision.

Some remarks shoukl be made rbout these groups' First' the YS'

'O"

a Xntû ;;il;:;;ilil;;. aorf.rd, Bodteian nuntington 5), should rlreadv

belong to this revised ,"""n'ion, the so+glled 'normal type" according to

Burmester,sc|assi | rcat ion; i . r* . , th isMS.isexterrne|ymut i late<lrndcontr inspractically only readings ior Good Frirtay, e service for which uniformity is more

likely than elsewhere; nevertheless, elthlugh most of its readings agroe with the

.normat, service, it h6ihr; eddit-ional ,oding. for which it stands elone2r' the

second remark "on""-,

;nr;t iiit MS' was *titt"o in 1385 by r 'Mesær George

the copyisl', tut unfortunaiely we do."* F:* wherez; its addiliond readings

seem to come from s"lil;-.i Boheirica; it betongs to the 'third tyP€" tlong

wirh Xvlllù century f.ili.; i, would.be quite inieresting to determine which

{

767

readings enclly werr borowcd from r Sahidic trarlition, but the iodicrtions grinedfrom the catalogue description do not ellow a conclusion: r firsr-hrnd stuoyLr rusMS' is needed. My third remerk runs about '&', l trury sahidic XIIIù or XIVûcentury MS. that is held to be tho seconrt copy of the .second. rnd most rncaeatgroup (the poorest one), white, strangery enough, it contains erso r number ofreadings deemed to be rdditions prop€r to the 'third' group, tfte richesr rno nprrrecent one! The rdditionel readingc cornrrrn ro .tho third group. and \ belongeither to r set of Peulinirn Epistles, which are entirely l""ting in the normatservice et that point, or to edditional o.T. readings (noi always-the same as theadditional reedings proper to R2)2'. Ail together, I counred 17 o.t. art<titionreadings, and 8 Pauline Episrres readings found in R4, either supported by otherwitnesses or not; this is no small number,

All this shows, I lhitrk, thst the situation is far le.ss simple tbrt it hes beenthought: for centuries, different liturgicsl treditions have certrinty eristed elongsidein Egypt, rnd there were simpry different typs of rectionaries, incrudinglectionaries for ùe Holy week service. Morover, lectionaries retated with upperEgypt tend to be much richer in readings than the 'normal" service rnd, althoughT"ra :-{ the MSS. belonging to the .rhird ctass' ere lare (and Boheiric), meny ofthe.edditionrl reedings they offer do find I supporr either in an om sahidic trls.9r in Rr, where they are trrnslrlions from CÀidic. On rhe opposite sido, lheScalig.eri codcx, I representrlive of the scetrin (thus ruthenti""tty .aon"iri".;tradition, hes r very simple ordo, with only N.T. readings

Patriarch Gabriel ibn Tursik's reform, in the XIrr century, crn be deemedsuccessfrrl, since only the Scaligerl codex æems to have u*.rpi it completely: Ithink the srrn€ cannot be said about peter of Behnesa's revision. For this lrrter,onp could wonder if his revision wrs rs much rrtificirl rs totd by the colophon Iquoted in the beginning of my prper: peter, having seen the tecrionary imp<l'rea t yGabriel ibn Turaik was much poorer lhan those which were in ur" in ûpp", ngypicould simply have tried to harmonize borh. Earrier, I assurned rhar iire pr-ssronweek lectionary used in sadarnrnt rnnestery, with o.T. readings for each hour,was the result of Peler's revisionrl rfter alt, the opposite coukl be true: aheSadamant rnonks could simply hrve retained their tnditionel prseion week service,while Peter simply would havo rdrptated this Sa'idiu trrdition to Gsbriet ibnTuraik's prttern, rdding to this trtter o.T. terdings for erch hour. Anywry, ontymodern book printing hss succ€eded in securing unifiormity in the copiic ihurch:Butmeslor's concordance tcble shows that, up to the XVIIF century, MSS. quitedifferent from the 'normal' servicc were use<t in some places,

Witnesses of the Ethiopian Gebra lfenrârnât

If the Coptic service has not been uniform until the XXr cenlury, nomarvel that the same might happen in Ethiopie. lndee<t, three texts of the cebraH.emâmit were rvailrble to me: the liturgical e<tirion I call .McH., Strelcyn's

7.',

description of MS. BL 4O and the index of readings for the Passion Week printedat the end of BKS, p. 128-136; for Palm Sunday, Holy Selurday rnd EasternSunday, the usual 'rtireclory of tessons', callul Mes.h.qfa Gcs.dwë (abbr. 'MG')is also avaihble. Comparison shows lhey do not always 8gree.

I cannot say fiom which sources MGH, MG and BKS were compiled, eothat I had to take them rs they ere. Strelcyn used BKS rs e guide ûo find his wry,as he says (p. 58), and I sometirnes wonder ifthe readings he describes rre rerllyfound as such in his MS., or if he has been misleed by ao indicetion coming fromBKS. I did not have the opportuniti to check Strelcyn's manuscrip: howevet,comparsion with MGH and the Coptic has led me to consider as probable misprintsthe followingt:

- omission of Jer 9, I l-l9e efter the Joel reading (str. 15, 2);

- for the Monday, Str. 15 4 has 'St John lI, 13-17: es gospel forthe 3d day hour (tho 6 day hour being omitte<l), while MGH rndBKS have Mt2l, 18-22 at the 3d day hour end Jn 2,13-25 at the6û day hour: these lrtter agree with the Coptic service (for the3d day hour, in sgroenËnt with r variant reading of 'L', theoldest Coptic MS.), end I would rrlher suÊpect here either thstsomê ptge$ aro lecking in Strelcyn's MS., or that he is simplymistaken.

- 'Lukerii i ,3l-5'insteqd of l* 8,23-30(Str. l8' 3; :c 13,31'35is rightly given for the 3d hour: Str. l9'3);

- 'Ecclesiasticus ii' instead of Sir 2, t-9 (Str. 24, 2; however.here BKS gives the ssme quotrtion as Strelcyn):

- 'lsaiah .rviii, 16-28' for ls 28, 16.26 (Str. 28, l; misprints forchapter and verse numbers);

- 'Ezekiel xrii, 17'32' fot F,222, 17-22 (Str. 28' t);

- omission of lhe Psalm and 'St Mark xxv, t-t4' to be obviouslyread Mt 25, l-13 (Str, 3O 2; misprints for the gospel end for theverse number);

- 'John.riii, 44-50' lor ln 12,44-50 (Str. 42' 3);

- 'Erodus rvii i , 8-16' for Ex 17,8'16 (Str' 43, l);

- omission of Act, Ap. l,l5'20 rfter the lilurgical direction (Str.

43,2\ .- 'Ezekiet rrii, 39-44' for 8220,39-44 and 'ecclesirsticus rriv'

for Sir 12,13-13,1 )Str. 45,2 and 5; this lrst reading refcrred byStrelcyn as it is BKS).

This is what I noticed for the first port of the Passion rrry'eek service, fromthe l't night hour of Monday untit the 9û day hour of Thursdayzt'

However, ihe differences between lhese texts csnnot hc rccountat for onlyon the basis of misprints or simple mistakes. lf, ss a matter of fact, mosl s€ryices

1l

offer oaty r very limited number of veriant rerdings, there is so these massive rdisegreement for Pdm Sunday service that one is obliged to row the readings upin columns in order to comp.re them: see Tabel I (at the end of this paper), whichis probably more convincing thrn any talk. Again, at a laler stage, comparison withMSS. will probably cxplain why they disagree so far; for now, however, it willsuffice to be rwarc ofsuch r difference.

Palm Sunday Service

Indeed, moving now to comprring the Ethiopian Gebra H.emttmatr with itsCoptic counierprrt, we first mêet the specirl crse of Pelm Sundry servico; on thewhole, it doec correspond to the Coptic servicc, but with shifts rnd changas; thesosonretimes find en oquivdent ia the Coptic tradition, but not alwrys in the sarnebrrnch. The best way to noticc these vsriations is to have a look st the Tables, atthe end of this peper.

(Compare Trble I wilh Table 2>

The Ethiopirn service cslls for the following comments:

-tilhile the Epistles (end rn O.T. reading in BKS) lot the Wazëma find toimmediete equivslent in the Coptic service, the gospel, Jn 12, l-l l, is unanimouslyretrined, rnd its psrtm rs given by MS. BL 40 (and probable BKS tooP) is ihemost ancient one: indeed, lodey's Coptic psalm, Ps ll?,26-27, appears at thisplrce only in XVIIIÛ or Xl)(ù cent. MSS. (Burmester's MSS. B, P, and Pr); thepsalm used in MGH gnd MG seems lo come from enother part of the senrice, rnddoes nol exist in Coptic rt this plece,

-For the Pdm Sundry moming, MGH done gives the psalm and gospelbeforo tho other reedings: Ps ll7, ?.6-27 is used in today's Coptic service andexists rs such in severrl Coptic MSS. (PL'PIRR), although the majority has Psl2l, as the Scaligerl codex As to the gospel, MGH gives r resding from Luke18,35-19, 10, thus lumping together the two Jericho episodes separated elsewhere(Zacchaeus: I-c l9,l-t0; the heEling of the Jericho blind man: Læ 18,35-43); inCoptic, only P3 has both episodes, however, dividetl by the psalmD. OtherEthiopian witnesses follow here today Coptic practice, given by the vast majorityof Coptic MSS., with only Lc 19,l-10; but the Coptic Church does not have anyO.T. reading al this service. In the Coplic Church, the Cross procession is insertedin lho Moming offering of incense, with 12 gospelsr; only lhe Coptic MS. P, fitswith Ethiopian practice (see further).

-The sel of O.T. readings found in Ethiopic comes partly from the CopticSaturday morning service (l-rzarus Salurday), where Cen 49, l-28 anrt 7ach9,9-15re rerd, together with Is 40,9-31 and Soph 3,14-2O; in Ethiopic, we find a secondreading from Zachariah (BKS reverses the Zachariah readings), and anolher text

,I ,

from Isaiah; for the Genesis reading, BKS prescribes to read 'Gen 9,8-l?'(God'scovenânt with Noah) instead of Gen 49 (Jacob's blessing)lr,

-Then conres in Ethiopic the procession with the Cross, with s thrÊefoldrepetition of the healing of the Jericho blind beggar: Mt 20,29-34, MC 10,46-52and LC 18,35-43; rs I said, this is also tbe cese with the latest witness used byBurmester, P3!2, and only there; howeyer, Eihiopira MSS. shows thia must heveexisted in other Coptic MSS. too. Indccd, lhe Scalligcrl cùet hrrs dso the Crossprocession at this point, however without indicating any gospcl reading. Thepselms offer more variation, rs usurl.

-After these three gospels, MS. BL 40, MG and BKS give a psalmversicle and a reading from Mt 9,27-31(the heating of two blind men on the wry);MGH does not. This gosJæl reading, which is not found in the Coplic tradition andwes certainly called for by the precedent resdings, must be secondery.

-In the Coptic serviee, when the procession comes back, the Morningoffering of incense is achieve<l with the reading of its psalm end gospel; thenimmediately follow the three epistles of Palm Sunday mass and, after theTrisaghion and the prayer for the gospel, the three first gospels, tetling Jesus'enlrance inlo Jerusalem according to St. Matthew, St. Mark and St. Luke; thesethree gospels are inleroduced by r psalm versicle only (Ps 80, 4-2-3) to be sungbefore the Mathew reading; efter the Luke reading, another psalm versicle (ps 64,2-3) is sung and the John gospl (ln 12,12-l9l is read; this latter alone is in factthe gospel for Palm Sunday mass.

-As |o lhe following epistles, only MS. BL 40 situates them here reading(Heb 9,ll-28); the three other Ethiopian texts (MCH, BKS and MG) leeve iheepistles to be read after the four gospets, but do not omit anything. However, aswe shall soe, lhis Jmint alone dræs not imply that the service as given by MS. BL40 is older.

-Indeed, in Coptic, the funeral service for those who are going to dieduring the Passion week is held immedialely after the Palm Sunday mass, since theusual burial s€rvice is not performed from the Palm Sunday mass until HolySaturday Mass!3. In the Ethiopian Church, since Jn 12,12-19, which is the massgospel in Egypt, has been included in the series offour gospels to be read towardsthe four direciions, the following gospet, usod in Copiic for the burial service, hasbeen taken as the mass goslæ|il.

-I said that the MS. BL 40 had preserved the original Coptic order for theepistles, however forgelting the Paulinian epistle; MGH, MG and BKS did not, solhat they place the epistles reading efter the four Pslm Sunday gospels, withoutanything so lhat, st least, ihese epistles have reteined the same function as in theCoptic service. On the opposite, since BL 40 hsd already read these epistles

?:-',

a

771

etrlier, il look€d for sonre olher readingdt, lnd evenlullly introduced an O.T.reading IIs 62, lO{3,1) together with the epistle for the buriel service (l Co l5-t-l9), which has so becorne the epistle for lhe mass, e rether unhappy one for PalmSunday!

-Then, rs I seid, the buriel service gospel has been taken, everywhere inEthiopir (it seems), rs the goopel for the Mass. Notice thrl, in Strelcyn'sdescripion of BL 4O, no psrlm vercicle is prescribed before this gospel; the olherEthiopian repêet one of the psrlm versicles sung earlier,

-After lhis gospel, MGH prescribe.s the Isaiah reading which had beentaken as a first epistle in MS. BL 40r. I do not know where this O.T. reading(Is 62.I&63,1) comes from; neither BKS nor MG menlion il, rnd it does not seemto be used in Coptic at allr?. However, it fits quite well rs a prophecy for lheHoly Week, end is elluded lo in some pieces of the Ethiopian service (MGll, p.l6b). Should it be r developrnent prop€r to the Ethiopian Church?

-l have also given the day hour following the burial service; lhis hour,which is called either'9û'or' l lù'hour, is the same in Bl- 40, MGtt andBKS$, and is everywhere followed upon by the l" night hour of Monday. Fromnow on, there is much more rgreæment between lhcse three witnesses for thePassion lrVeek services. This will be my following pxlint.

To conclude with Palm Sunday service, we can say it is strictly related tothe 'normal' Coptic service, but neverlheless contoins seveml shitls and chsnges;thesê 8re not identical in all the Ethiopian service books, so that a further saudy,inside the Ethiopiro trrdition, will be requiral before comprring it to the Coptic.For now, we should point out three features which gre contmon to all Ethiopianwitnesses in opposition to the Coptic service: the threefold reading of the healingof the blind beggrr near Jericho during the Palm Sunday procession, thc inclusionof thc Coptic Palm Sundry mass gospel (ln 12,12'19) in the readings lowtnls lhofour crrdinel points, rnd tho use of the burial servicc gospel (Jn 5, I l-30) for mass.

Variant readings in the lirst pârt of the Passion VYetk

lf, as e whote, our lhree wintesses agree for most readings of the HolyWeek, they start now to show comnxln differences iowsrds the C<4lic. [:t us firstsee the edditions: for the sorvices for the night of Monday to the 9a day hour ofThursday (i.e. from p. 59 to 64 in Strelcyn's descritpion), I have found thefollowing onesD:

- The Joet reeding for lho 3d day hour of Monday (Str. 15, 2; here BKSand Str. BL 40 give both 'Joel II, 2l-lll,2l', while MGtl has Ez 2,21'4,21: is itr vrriant or g misttko?);

, { )

772

-both readings from Isaiah rnd lfosca for ths I tt day hour of Monrtay(Str .17,3&41;

- en Isaish reading for Tuesdey rnomiag (Str. 23, 4);- boah the firet Psalm rnd Gospel for the earne eewice (Str. 23, 7 & g),

and a modificstion to the second gospel - r completely irreguler fealure.;both re.dings from Isaiah for the I lù day hour of Tuesrlay (Str. 2?, t

&2)" i- an lsaiah reading for Wednesday moming (Str. 33, 2);- r shift in both tlre Psalm and the gospel of the 6ù day hour of

Wednesday (Str. 35, 3 &.4)a;- en Isaidr reading for the t lt dry hour of tÀrednesday (Str. 3?, t)o;- ar Ezekiel reading for the ta night hour of Thurday (Str. 3t, lf;- a Micrh reading for the 3d day hour of Thurday (Srr. 44, 2);

two O.T. readings, from Micah end from Zephanirh, for the 6n d"yhour ofThursday (Str. 45, 3 & 4);

- and eventually the Malachi reading for the 9Ê day hour of MaundayThursday (Str. 46, 6).t.

I stop here this enumeretion: other sdditions can be found in the followingservices unlil Easter.

Apart from these rddilions, lhere are also other noticeable features. Tomake short, I will limit myself to three examples.

The lirst one is tsken from the gospol for the 9ù day hour of MrundyThursday (Str. 46, 8): the Gebra H.emlmit reads I-c 22,'l-13r., together with nvocoptic MSS. belonging to the 'rhird cless' and supprrtal by n wlile the copricnormal text is Mt 26,17-19{ô.

The second one is to be found in the basin service of Maundy Thursday,when Ethiopic reads Is 4,24 and 55,1.13 (Str. 48, 4), combining in this way rwoIsriah readings which belong to different groups in Coptic, since ls 4,24 iswilnessed by the'normal'group, while ls 55,1-13 (along with ls 56) is proper toP. and R.'7.

The lhird case is that of Mrundy Thursdry masst MGH and BKS hevethree epistles{, as for any normal mass, and the MS. BL 40 (Str. 49,5) seemslo have only a rcading from thc Actsae. The point here is that today coptic riteemphasizes that no reading from the calholic Episrles or from thc Acts of theAgxtles should be done on this service, end this rubric is alreody founrJ in theoklest MSS. of the coptic Basha$; however, the sceligeri codex does hsve lhreeepistles for this mlss and, dthough onty the Peulinian epistle is rhe same rs intoday's Coptic servicc and in Ethiopian (l Co 11,23-32 or I1,23-34)rr, the simpleuse of three epistlee at this point shows that the Ethiopian tradition hrs roots in theoldest Egyptian practice. Indeed. I suspect that the rubric forbidding to read lhecrlholic epistle and the Acts rt lhis mass could go back to patriarch Gebriel ibn

1',

Turaik, and woutd nol h&ve been in general use formerly, as lhe Scali6eri coder

shows.

Thus, hrving sêeû thst the Ethiopirn Psssion Week service is not simply

a trenslation from today's Coptic equivrlentr2, we slso noticed that some

Ethiopirn peculigrities do find an oquivalent in some coptic MSS. and, interstinglyenough, in Coptic MSS. belonging lo defferent groups, either the 'normal' or the

'thirà. clrss, with r support from older MSS. Indeerl, from what I have enalysedup to now, there is not one single reading oommoR to rhis Coptic 'Third group'rnd Ethiopic which woutd not be supportal by the old Sahidic MS' & (which' I

remind, crnnot belong to thc third group), This rrises lhe queslion ofthe orgin and

date of the Ethiopian translation.

How old is this Ethiopian iradition?

My first point is quito simple: all these .lÎ'erences point to the existence

of serveral 'layers' in the Gcbra Hcmtlmttl. The simplest way to explain tho

pres€nt situation is to suppose thrl r very otd service, probably a translation from

boptiC, woutd hsve been in use for centuries; then, maybe under Abbâ Salima rs

Guidi supposed, the Coptic 'normal" Bashs could have been translaterl inlo Ge'ez

without, however, completely eliminating older traditions: they eventually

combined, to form lhe present Gebra HetnttmLlr, This is nol a mere suplrcsition:

there are at least two cases I quotal which show lhal lhe Gebrq Uemttmtl, is c

conflation, I meen the double gospet reading at Tues<lay morning (Str' 23, 7 & 8)

end the double Isaiah reading in the service over lhe basin on Maundy Thursday(Str. 48, 4). In tho ssmê wry, the use of threo epistles at Maundy Thursday mass

refers us to g sêrvico older than the Xllù century.

on the other hand, tho readings which are common to the Ethiopian

servicr: .nd sonre Copic MSS. fit with lhe Coptic 'normat service', to which the

Gcbra Hmamdtcorresponds. However, some call attentionon features which could

be rnterior to this 'normal service'l I quoted, in the Maundy Thursday' the

Ezekiel reading rt the la night hour and the 9ù day hour gospel, but one should

dso remembeithe complicated situstion of Palm sunday, where the healing of the

Jericho blind beggrr is read four limes once out of each gos1rcl, both in Eihiopia

rnd in the Coptic MS. P1 - rt e moment when neithef the old MSS. O nor R. are

available.

lf my suppostion - r quite.naturrt one, after sll - of an old translation

into Ge.ez ii true, this would explain why ihe Ethiopian stands between the

different coptic groups, white following the general pattern of the "normal' coptic

service. Noiice,-by tho way, that many cases of common features between the

Gebra Hemdmiil and coptic veriant MSS. belong to imprtant services, like Palm

sundey or Maundy Thursrtey, which are probabty more consewltive than anything

else. In the samo time, my supposition eccounls for the colophon we resd in lhe

i

It:i

. :

Î t t

beginning of this prper: since lhe new translation of the Coptic Brshe did notcompletely cancel older traditions, they eventually combinal, to form the presentGebra Hemdnar. Srudying both ogaher will not only ellow r betaer understandingof Ethiopian liturgical life end theology, but also bring us r step higher in Coptictradition, possible reconstructing lectionarias which have been lost after PatrirrchGabriel ibn Turaik's reform.

When I devised the title of this paper, I raised the question whether lheselost lectionaries coutd not hrve been writtea in Srhidic. I think iodeed thet tbe firsttrrnslation wrs mrdc from Sehidic lectioneries, which would rccoùnl for the menyO.T. readinge not found in Coptic MSS. However, to give r firm proof wouldrequire entering into the complicated matler of hymns, litenios end other nrbrics.I hope to do 80 later on, lfter having takcn lho opportunity of this Conferencc tosee how the Holy Week end Erstem rre celebnted in Ethiopia.

Ahbreviations

Bible: my Bible quotations refer, for the O.T to 'Septuaginta. Id ost VetusTesùrmentum graoce iuxtr Lrr interpretes, edidit Alfred RAHLFS,Stuttgert, 1935', rnd for the N.T. lo'Novan Testamcntum, Graecc cumspprnrtu critico currvit Eberherd NESTLE, novis curis elabonveruntErwin NESTLE et Kurt ALAND, editio vicesime quintr, [.ondon, 1975'.For the O.T., Strelcyn and Burmester refer to Swete's edition (Thc OldTestamen! in Greek, H.B. SWETE, Cambridge, l90l). My abbrevirtionsof Biblical tnoks ro those of the Lrtin Bible.

BKS= Yô-BëirKreôt iy inQelot : ?O+: hcôtt1: t lJù$ nôt+: ÀîC:nln4T: nÀc+thôt+: ?À+"Èr: t r f : hcntt l ; Àae": t r t r :lal,o.i /-Bfùi

2d ert., Addis Ababa, 1935 E.E. (= t943 A.D.), p. 128-136.

BURMESTER, Lit. Serv. = O.H.E. KI/S-BURMESTER, The Egyptian or CopticChurch. A Detailed Desoiption of Her Liturgical Services and thc Ritesatd Ccremonies Obrcrwd in the Administrqtion oI Her Sacramcnts, (=Publications de la Société d'Archéologic Copte. Textes et Documents, X),Cairo, t967.

BURMESTER, Scm Sainte= O.H.E. BURMESTER, Lc leaionnairc dc Iasemine Saintc, in Patologla Orientalis,U, 169-294 (1933) et 25m 175-485 1934).

BURMESTER,TIvo Services = O.H.E. /V/S-BURMESTER, Two Services of theCoptic Church ettributed to Peaer, Bishop of Behnesi, io Lc Muséon 45(1932), p.215-254.

"1t;

Cet. VC = Codices Coptici Vaticrni Bsrberiniini Borgiani Rossieni. t. l: CodicesCoptici Velicrni rpcensue,rnl Adulphus HEBBÊLYNCK ct Arnoldus VINIÂNNCHOOI (Vaticrn, 1937)

Codex Scdigeri = A. BAUMSTARK, Drs læydener Griechsch-srsbischePerikopenbræh fiir die Ker- und Osterwoche, in Orienr Christianus, N.SlV (= 14;, P' 39-58'

DILLMANN, Ceirtogue = A. DILLMA NN, Calatotus cd icum manuscriptorumorlcntalium qul ln Musco Brltannico asservantur. Pars tcnia" dcvsEthiopico cv.ntlncrut, Iondon, l 847.

EMML [+ number] = GETATCHEW HAILE AND W.F. MACOMBER', ACatalogue of Ethiopian MSS MicroJilmed tor the Erhiopian MnnusuiptMicrollin Library, Addis Ababa ard tor the llill Manastic ManusriptLibrary, Collcgevillc, Vol. I (1975) to lX (1987).

GCAL = G, GRAF, Geschichtc dcr drristlichen arabischen Literalur,5 vol. (=Studo c Tc.rri, I 18, 133, t46 el 172\, Valican, 1944'1953.

MG = Meq hrfrGegiwé: cr fâ&l ? l?: : l t .?t tn,0: À' l tù: l rôh: ioù:t i lôf {+: t |?1{|e fôô: r . t*4I 13 o1.0 1: ÀtG?+: tRê. ' | t t*

AddisAbabc, t9?3 E.E. )= l98l A.D.) P. 139-140'

MGH = Meçlfa Gebrr Hemlmit: ?{14: À?ntr: ô Uôf T: 1B: n l9 | Ê l:1: fn 'Lt" f t :Àc+thôtù:+?À!: | t+:nc' l t t?: l l f l '?À:f iaîÀ:rrtÇlri ltt: fta:

Addis Abebs, 1972F^8. (= 1980 A.D.).

S?nËfCfN, BL 40 = Stefan STRELCYN, Catologue of Erhiopian mannscriptsin thc Brltish Library acqulrcd sincc 1877, london, l9?8 (description ol MS 4O'p. s7-7t).

VILLECOURT, Obsenwnces'= L, VILLECOURT, Les Ohsemanccs liturgiqucset la disciplinc dulctnc dans l'Égtise Copte (Ch. XVI-XIX de lr l:mJredes Ténèbres), in I* Muson, 36 (t923), p. 249'292,37 (1924), p. 2Ol'280, lrd 38 (1925), p.261-21O,

Table I Ethiopian Prlm Sundry service

Ë),u,

776

BKSWâzêmâDrn 9.1-27Heb 8,1-13

Ps 122,1-2Jn l2, l - l l

MG

Heb E,l-13I Ps l , l3-2,10Act 8,26-40Ps 80,4-54Jn 12, l - l l

MGHPalm SundayVisil:

2 Co 3,14,5I Pe l , l3-2, t0Act 8,26.f0Ps 80,4, 5a,t7bJn l2, l - l l

Str., BL 40

Ps l2t , 1,2&4Jn t2, l - l I

Gen 9,8-17(?)Zach 9,8-17(!)Zach 8,1-8(!)ls 49,5-18Ps 118,26-27k 19, l -10-

Ps 117.26-27aLæ l9, l - lO-

Palm Sunday

Ps t17,26-27tL,18,35-19,10Gen 49,1-,8-12Zach 8,2-8Zach 9,8-l5eIs 49,5-t8b

Gen 49,1-12Zach 8,2-8

ls 49,5-18Ps 117,24-26k. l9, l -10-

Ps l2l, Ibc-2aM'l20,29-34Ps 147,1-24Mc t0.46-52 (!)Ps l17, 27bc'28Lr. 18,35-43Ps 67,34Mt 9,26-31

Procession

Rom t2, l -16Ps 122, l'2Ma20,29-34Ps 147,12-13Mc 10,46-52Ps 9, l l -12[ .c.18,35-43Ps 46, I l -12Ma9,27-31

Palm Sunday

Ps ll7,27b-284Mt20,29-34Ps 147,1-2Mc 1O,46-52

Mt20,29-34Ps 147, l-2MC t0,46-52Ps 9,22-23L,c 18,35-43Ps 46, l0M|9,27-31No Paul. Ep.t pe4, l lAc 28, I l -31

777

PsI*

Ps 67,2A &38Mt 2l , l -16

Ps 8,3Mc l l , l - l l

ll2,l-219,2948

Ps 80,5,3 & l-2ln 12,12-19

TowardsPs 9, 12M|21,1-17

TowardsPs 8,3Mc l l , l - t l

Towards

Ps 49,1c-2Lc 19,2848

Towards

Ps 80, 4-5aJn 12.12-19

WeslPs 68, 34-35Mt 2l , l -16

SouthPs 8,2-3Mc l l , l -12

East

Ps I13,3-4l,c, 19,2848

North

Ps 81, 3-4Jn 12,12-19

Ps 9,12Mr 2r. t -17

Ps 8,3Mc l l , l - l l

Ps 49, tc-2Lr 19-28-48

Ps 80, 4-5aJn 12,12-19

[Epistles wercrcad at theCrossprocessionJ

Is 62,10{3,1I Co 15, l -19Jn 5, t l -30

Palm Sundry

Heb 9,l l-28I Pe 4,1- l lAc 28,1t-31Ps 147,1 bc-2a

Jn 5, l l -30ls 62,1063,t

Mass

Heb 9, I l-28I Pe4, l - l lAc 28,1l-31Ps 9, l l -12

Jn 5, I l-30

Heb 9, I l -28I Pe 4, ! - t IAc 28, I l -31Ps 8,3

Jn 5,1 l -30

IIû day hour

ls 48, 12-22Nahum 1,2-8Ps 8,3Mr20,20-28

Ilù day hour

ls 48, 12-22Nahum 1,2-8Ps 8, 3r*2aMt 20,2o-2E

/ day hour

ls 48, 12-22Nahum 1,2-8Ps 8,3Mt20,20-28

fno hoursl

77t

Tablc 2: Copfic Prlm Sunday servicc

Today Copticscrrice

Evenlng scrvlcv

Pe 117,26-TIJn 12, l - l l

Smrc veriant rredings

Ps l2l,I-24 (mst MSS.)

Scaligeri codex

Ewning scmicc

Ps l2 l , l -2&4Jn 12, l - l l

Mornlng scrvlce

[Cross procession:t2 gospelsl

Ps 67,2O & 36

I-c 19, l-10

Heb 9,ll-28I Pe 4,1- l lAc 28,1l-31Ps 8O, 4,2-3

Mr 2l , l -17Mc I I , I - I ILc 19,2948Ps 64, 2-3 + 80, 2-3ln 12,12-19.

[Cross procession:4 gospelc: P, onlyl

Ps ll7, 26-27 (5 MSS) orPs 9,12-15 (R)

Ps E0,y', 5-J (P3) orPs ll7, 26-27-22 (t

MSS)Ma2l,I-17Mc l l , l - I lI.c,19,29-48Ps 64,2-3 + 80,2-3.

Morning scrvlce

Ps67,2O &36Mr 20, 29-21,17[Cross procession:

no gosepl indicetedlPs l l7, 25-27a,22-23Mc l l , l - l lHeb 9,1 I-24l Pe 4, I-15Ac28II-31Ps 8O, 4,2-3

l* 19,29-48 or

Jn 12,12-19.

Semice for the dead

I (Co l5, l-2JPs 64, 5Jn 5, 19-29. (many variant psalms)

Semice lor thc dcad

I Co 15, l-58Ps 150ln 5,19-29.

779

t .

3.

Notes

Thc trDrt cxtcorivc dercripion ir thc oæ of .firalcyr, ll y'{l.'Gcrrtchsw Hrilc hrr dro darcribsd

numbcr of næh r;wiaar (ENML?tr|(}, umng orbcn). Howcvcr, trccdly o$ddo Rriræri dns

rl|cr{ion on r grÉicuhr poid of Oood Fridey rcwicc (r Grtet æn which ir lho urcd in thoCoptic Brrhr): O.Rrirrri, L*a 21,12 grcco, tlclla liwrgla cdoplca dcl Vcactdl Sonto' lnEphemcridcs Unrglcac, 94R (l9t0)' p. 271'2n,

DILLMANN, Crteloiuc, f Zl 1- Brir. Libr.' Add. 16.250)' p. 3o giviry lhc EthioPic tcxltogcthcr with . lrtin lrln lrtion.

BT RMESTER, Two rcrvico, p.236'237'

E. g. in EMML 2til0 (lÉ ccnl., froo thc church of MhIq Trltr Hlytnlnol, Ankobrn, Shor),

wheæ thc rcxt i! givcfi itr tnnditct lioa (EMML, vol, Vl' p. 250); thir 1.il ir ml sdi.cly

idcnicrl with thc onc printcd by Dillmenn, rnd neithcr manurcript ir pcrfcct, bul thcy corrct

êrch othcr,

BURMESTER. Tbv Scrvlcct, p, 236 n. 2, Sivcr e porrion of tlrc Anbic tcxt. fmm r menurcript

in privetc polcrrion of Giryir Fitiitl'iit 'Awrd urd t|oliccr lhrl: 'lhc rhovc tGIt ir rl|o found

iô thc printed cdition of tho ordo for Holy Wcck'.

t fotloy hcrc Bunn.ttcr.r Af.bk, tGxt nthcr lhrn tbc Ethiopic, rimc lhir hltct h lGlr comPlctc

(cven whcn combioing thc lnndon rnd the EMML rn nuscriPts).

Arnon3 othcr thingr, hc foôrdc Uppor Egypt Chrirtirnr to urc thoir meny rmphonr, rnd obliSpd

thcm to limit tlrcmrclvcr lo tho thrlc oner which rrt ttitl rlivc io thc Coptic Cturch (Bmil'

Grcaory lrd Cyrill): cf. OCAL ll, e . t25 Qt crnoa)' Fotlutulcly cnoo3h loe lhuryioloiilr,

Ethiopirnr htvc not fclt thcruclvcr bqrnd by thir dccrec! Thc mott rtccnl publicrlion rbott bim

ir c.D. G. Multcr, Gahtet II. t,4,t Tumik, Papst urù Patâarrlh det Mlsslotsbcrclchcs dcs

flcillg//tr Maûos, itr odcns c'.tiffjdons,14 (1990), p. l6t-1E6, who cnrphrzircr lhrl Pd.irrch

Grbriet introduccd r chen3c in thc confcrcion of frith bcforo lhe communion'

GCAL, fl, p. 32?, rnd VILLECOURT, obscrvaaca,it Iz Musêon,l6 (1923), p' 260' About

Abù l-BlnLit rnd hb lrrrp of Dertncs, rcc GCAL ll, p. 438-442.

hrblirlrcdby o,H.E. BUnMESTER,A Copdc lzctionary Poem (from MS. {0t, coptic Murcum

Crrio), in Iz Mttséon, {3 (1930), p. 373-3E5.

Cf. Burmcrtcr, TVo Scrvtcas, P' 2lt.

Noticc thtt Atrt l-&nklt docr mt |f|3ilion P€tct cither whsn hc descrihcl thic ærvics: rêo

Burmcrfcr, Two servlcct, g,2lt,

CF. Burmcilcr, Tryo scrvlcct, p. 235 (n. 3).

tohnwr|rtrctdyrbirlrogin 1235^.D, Herttcndedlhcconæcrrtiooof thcMymnin 1257,sd

wrr rtill .livc whcn Abù trlriq wrolc hlr own.fcolo, bul wc hrvc rr othcr dcnil rbo(|t hlml Cf'

A.Y. S!DAnUS, Cbpttc lutcographyln rh. Middk At.t, in R. MCL. WIIJON (êd)' Thc Fulur€

of Coptic sfudicr (= coPtic studicr, l)' kidcn, l97t,p. 125'142 (rcc p' 12? n' t' p' 129 n'

l3 rnd p. l!O n. 19). Gnfr $rl€rrnu in GCAL ll, p. t72't74' rc o{rldrlêd'

2.

4.

5.

irli6.

7.

t .

9.

10.

i l .

t2.

13.

780

t4.

t5.

16.

t7.

I t .

f. GUfDl, $oia dctla latcraruro ctioPica, Rornr, 1932' p' 3O'

A. BAUMSTARK, Das ltydcncr gtlcchiseh'otzbitchc Perilwpcnbrch frr die Kar utrd

ostcmock,ln oricns Clttlstiar:ra,9,, Iv's' W {= l,|, l9l4)' p' 39-5t (wilh r nunrbcr of mirprinr'

iowsvcr).rH.-t.DEJorcphsceligcr'rGrcct-Anbiclccrioùry,inQurcrcndo,S/2(1975,p. 143-

l?2 (tbe detc ie 3ivcn P. 166).

VILLECOURT, Obtcnances,ia Mwéan,3t (1925)' p' 2t0'

BURMESTER, Sarn. .'ra, p 14281 ro ta3?l =pO 25,p' 4764t51'

Cl l lcdbyStrntFt |c ' .L.rd,&..L.@rir .L ibr 'Add.5?97),wr incnin|2?3A.D. ' i l tbcMS.on which thc cdition ir bercd; .n.. lVrricrn, Borgir Copr. |09/99), ir r Srhidic MS. dlting from

thc XlÊ or thc XlVt cent.

Crllcd by Burmsrtcr'L' 'P.', 'R1' rnd 'Rr': 'L' (l*1nqnd' Acirtic Mur' 2t3)' wrr wriltcn

in t?tt A.D.;'Pr'(Prrir, Inlitut Crtholiquc, Coptc 6-?)' wuwdltcn i$ t777 A'D';'R"

lvrrlc, Copr. io1, we, w.incn in t724 A'D'; rnd 'Rr' (Vrric' Copr' 98)' ir r XI\É cêilury Ms'

writtcn in l3t5 A.D.

cf' Butrncat'3, $an' slc' r' t?-s1 1= p6 24' p' 175'176)'

Alt nrcntioncdonp. 4S2(=l{341): Ez 2t, t't9;rhc Chrystodomhomily Nr lT; l Cor l'31'2-ll '

Thir ir quitc e lot for ro fow Prgcr'

t9.

20.

21. f:.

22. Crt. Vrt. CoPt', P.659{67.

23.Scaibtd.,p.655rcmcrdditiondO.T'rcrdinjrrrerimplytnnrporcdfromSrhidic:thcrcdrcrorof thir Mi. probrbly cnrichcd I Bolriric rcrvicl rddiog to ir O'T' mdingr m lhcy wcrc ured in

Uppcr Egypt. howcvcr rdrpting thcm to Bolrriric'

24. h would trkc such rprcc lo lid thcm rlt: lhcy crn bG poidcd out in Burmêdc' 'Trblc dc

coræordrnce"p, 14294351(-PO 25, p. {??'dt3), whcrt lhc æqucncc 'LP.Rril' (or prrr of il:

rorncrimcr only .p,\.) i, ù1" o..ià nodcci rhc linr tddition piopcr ro rbir 3roup ir 'Heb

9,24_28 for Urc I i. ury tror or uooary, rnd ùc hû ono the rcrding from ûro Song of Songr

4,14-5, l0 rt thc 12Ô nitht hour of Good F.idry'

25. Srdrmrntnonkrwcrctmwnforlhcirzcd:eccordingtoAhit'Brnkir'ùcyrccitcdcvcrydryùcwholoPrelrcr(rccVILECOURT.Obsenotrcs, inLcMutéon,t7(1924r 'p '232'233'rndU. ZANEfTI, La distribution dct psatnct darc t'horologion coPlr'i'r (hlcntalia.Lhnstiana

Pcr ld lca,56,t990'p.323-369:rccp'360) 'Nomrrvcl thr t ' for thePurionWeck' tbcyhrdr much lrgcr nrnrbcr of rcldingr thrn olrowherc!

26, Flom now on, t dr.ll quolc Stælcyn'r dcrcriptionof MS' BL 4O' urin3 hir obdivirionri c'8' thc

tirt| quohlion rcfcn ro STRELCiN , cvntiguc' p' 6o' Nr l5' 2 (''o'l ll ' 2l-ttl ' 2l')'

21. ProfÊrsor C€trchcw Hrilc hrr bcen kind cnorth to rcnd me thc photocopy of Strelcyn'r

dcrcriptioo from hir own copy of thir crtrloguc; in romû.p^!c-ï' hG cntcrsd the ttT-1o11"tt"-

.' I did, protrrbly.ncr r,."i"[ collrrcd ËMùL 2E6E rnrt 2l{0. Therc ræ othor mirgrirlr in the

rccond prd of thc HolY Wcck.

781

.,,'14rfi

ui.{ltII

:{, :n

rfriT

iiii

2t.

29,

3t .

32.

lt.

tn ro frr er t rcc. BXS urcr thc '\ilcrlcra' (= eccorrling io ùe l:tin Vulgrtr) division of thc

Biblc; I rlweyr follov thc Grçct Biblc divirion (ree my Abbrciatiorc)'

lf t propcrly undctLnd BurmÊt| t'l dcæription ebut Pt'

30. Dorcribcd by BUIMESTER. Lir, Sc.a', 9. 272 td 265-26t'

Unlcr in BI(3 'f ir risrply r nirpri:r for "tg,t-l?'(which

world bc eccGptrblc.. r tËrdin8'

rlthorgh 'Gcn 49' E-lE'would b. bcllet)'

Bu.flFrter'r'Pr' ir rhe MS' Perir, Bibl. Nrr., Copr'c t34' wrincn in ltt6'

Duriry rhir wect, thorc wbo dfu rrc riûply broutht in chuæh for thc notmel P$rioo scot

rorvicl, to which burirl ærdirgrrl! thrn eddcd; howcvcr' m imcn* ir urcd (cf' BURMESTET'

Llt, Scn., p. 273 ud 2lt)'

Thirirwhyrhir3orpcl(rhchcr|iruofrhclrmcrtthcBcthzrthepool:ln5,tl-30,jrærdltPl|mSundry mur, r frcr which miShl olh€rvi$ rurprirc liturgiologirrr'

In ro frt || t ctn rco, ùc coprr did not fccl lbir rbrcncc herc wrr r problem; but thcy did nor

conridcr tho ærdin3 of tlre Fo||r Gorplcr |s cullitu lh€ rcrvicc, whih it rccmr Ethiopiur did'

u ctn bc reco from thc prerncc of iour p.lm vcrriclcr, rnd r5o from rhe rubricr (MGH, P.

30ù),

MGH p. 33b (onlylh{lq: .?['t comcr bctwccn ùc aorpcl rnd thc lnieh ærdin3]; r rrding

frosr ùc A6yo,a,f1,,iôcr ir ûrjn mrdc, ricr which thc ært of tlrc m*r' lffcr lhc m'r' r

rc*icc ir ono for tho dced, witbout rÊrdin8.

t7 , h ir næntioræd ncithor ia thc indox of BURMESTER, Srrr' rra, nor in lhir of BURMESTER' f,Jt'

Scrv,

3E.Mc,whichdocrnotm.nt ionthcfol lowingrcrvicerunt i lHolySrtudry ' i rnowruledrxl t

39. Noticc thet, for thc lto of ritnglhiry, t hrvc not t|kcn inlo rccdlnt t()Ûlc hoon omitlcd in

Stælcyn'r doæripion (c.t' tho 6' dry hour of Mondry)'

40. llrir hour hlr indccd two jorpclr, crch wiù itt own Pt.lm; Pr 34' 4-6 rnd Mt 26'l-16 on thc

ono hend, rnd pt llg.2i7.rrO lo l,ll-ll a t,23-2g on ûre orlror hrnd; rho doublc rcrdinl ir

ro bo found in MoH rt wcll Ù h Ms. BL 40, but BKS her only thc frr* PIlm rnd Sospcl' on

Ùreogpodrcr idc,orr |y |hcrccorrdrcr icr(PrI19rnd!ohn)exir t r inCopt ic;morcovcr,Copt icrcrvicc trrr only tN t,2l'29 (wirho{|r fn ?,33-34)i ildced' the Coptic lectionrry ncver lumpt

ogcrhcr piccot îrorn diffccnr chrpcn of lbe Biblc. || h|s bccn donc hcre, Thcrc rcrdingr rcem

ro rcrutt from rwo dijfcrcil tnditiom, which woold hevc conthtêd'

4t. Notiac hc|.3 ùrt I numtor of Copiic MSS (nor howcvcr thc oldcrl onÊr), |. wcll er thc liturghrl

cditionr, do hrvc rn tuirh ærdini rt thir hour, but it ir not thc ren|3 || in Ethiopic (ts 30'25-30

or 30,25-33, egrinn tr 29, 621 ttt in Erhiopir: both tcll the rinncr womrn rlory'

42.Nor iccthcElhioPirnlêxtrcrdrt*? '36'40,whi lcthcCopt ichuln12' t ' t :bot$tc l l thcr inncrwonun flofy.

t4.

35.

T,' i

36.

782

43.

44.

Hcrc, rll Codis MSS, iæluding rhc oldcrl or*r' rr w-ell l llturgicrl bækr' witncrr rr lrrlrh

r..aing, Uur ir i, nor rb. rme (tr 2t, l6-26 rgrinrr lr 5E'l-59't)'

Hcæ, thc tcxt Sivct by MGH rlroutd hevc nctriosd rn oldcr ærdiog: Fz' 12' l4t' t I ia MGH

(whilc borh BL ,() rnd Sf.s t.tt Jy Ez 42,1-t4)' 'trimt

Ez 43' 5-l I in ærrly rll thc Coptic

MSS rnd cdirionr (rwo Copric MSS otrly omir ir): lhc Ûtort uluÎrl rupporirion b ro rcc thc MGH

long rcrding m orgiul, whitc BL aO rnd BKS on the orp hrnd' thc CoPtic on thc othcr' would

hrvo ebbrcviatcd cech io hir wrY).

'Mrl | .9-2,t rcording to Sticlcyn'r dcrcription rnd BKS' but Mrl l '9-2"1

in MGH'45.

4t.

49.

50.

46. BTTRMESTER, Scn' Sra, P' t4321 - PtO25' p' 4tO'

47. lbid.

Nrnrcly l Cor lt.23-3'l; f Pc 2,ll-25 rnd Acrr 10'34-43; lhit lrtlct ir nor tho remp in BKS'

vhich rcrdr Act. 8'26-40.

Nrmely Act. t,26-4O.

BURMESTER,.$ara.Sr l ,p l23o|=Po24,P.2?t) ;novrr i rnt l t th i rpoirr t inothcrCopl ic.MSS.

[i,a., p. fllZi= fO fS p' lg0)' Ah] l-Brrrkit t€lls ùe ctmc rubric in hir lrmp of Darkncr:

Lo vii.uÈcounr , obscnanccs, in Muréon 3t' p' 2t5'

Thiridcnrityiroftitt|crigni|icrncc,rincoomcouldhrrdlyirneginormthcrcpirttcfortbirrrurr!

I could hrvc insrGrrcd thc numbcr ofvrrirnlr rrith thc prrlm vcniclcr; howcvcr' rincc thoy vrry

much mort lhen 'normat' rcrdingr, I limitcd myrclf to theæ lrtlcr'

5t.

52.

'163