Ethiopian LMI 2012/2013

INTRODUCTIONThe Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Federaldemocratic Republic of Ethiopia is responsible to collect,process, analyze and disseminate the labour market information atnational level. Accordingly, the Ministry has been producing anddisseminating labour market information for couple of years.

Henceforth, this Bulletin is another series of Annual LabourMarket Bulletin for 2012/13 fiscal year, produced by theEmployment Promotion Directorate of the Ministry to inform usersabout the labour market situation in the Ethiopian economy.

The main purpose of producing and disseminating this bulletin isprovide labour market information for policy makers and plannersto design strategies and policies for influencing the labourmarket; employers’ and workers' organizations to formulatepolicies for collective bargaining processes and wagenegotiations; educational and vocational training planners torelate manpower development programs to assessed requirements;vocational guidance and orientation services to providemeaningful vocational guidance and career orientation, employmentservices to accelerate job-matching processes, and the public atlarge to facilitate informed and rational choices in the searchfor appropriate training and employment.

In view of this, the labour market information (LMI) of thecountry is of great use in several ways including theestablishment of the crucial role of employment creation inpoverty reduction, the provision of detailed information onlabour demand and supply as well as on the matching between bothsides of the labour market, and finally supporting theformulation and implementation of efficient labour marketinterventions. It is also envisaged that the LMI would generateinformation on the deficits in the manpower training programs ofthe country and thus help in the subsequent formulation of

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appropriate policies and programs to address labour problemseffectively.

It is hoped, therefore that the information provided in thisbulletin will be helpful for many users such as: policy makers,planners & researchers in the field, employment officers, jobseekers, prospectus employers in the private and public sectorsand the public at large.

The bulletin is organized in five main sections. Section onesheds highlights on the Ethiopian labour market and section twofocuses on education and training. Section three, four and fiveanalysis employment services, Industrial relations and Socialsecurity in that order.

SECTION ONE

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

1.1 Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingTable 1.1TVET Enrolment by Sex (2001/08-2012/13)

Sex 2001 E.C.(2008/09)

2002 E.C.

2003 E.C.

2004 E.C.

2005 E.C.

Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR) ( %)

Male 165,910 196,937 199,799 173,148 116,457 -8.5Female 142,591 158,483 171,548 157,261 122,427 -3.7Total 308,501 353,420 371,347 314,159 238,884 -6.2 Female % 50.3 43.9 48.0 46.2 51.2

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(2008/09)

(2009/10)

(2010/11)

(2011/12)

(2012/13)

2001 E.C.

2002 E.C.

2003 E.C.

2004 E.C.

2005 E.C.

0100,000200,000300,000400,000

FIGURE 1.1 : TVET Enrolment by sex ( 2008/09-2012/13

MaleFemaleTotal Female %

Trends of Years

Magnitude of TVET Enrolments

As seen in the table & figure 1.1 above number of TVET enrolment increases from 2001 to 2003 E.C and decreases in 2004 & 2005 E.C in that order.

1.2 Higher educationa) Graduates from Higher Education by Type of School Ownership and Program

Table 1.2: Number of Graduates by Type of Ownership and Program for the Year 2011/12

INSTITUTIONS

GRADUATES TYPES OF OWNER SHIP Government Non-Government Government & Non-Government

(Both)Share ofNon Go’ vent

HIGHER EDUCATION(University)

Male Female

Total Male Female

Total

Male Female Total Total

Undergraduates/Degree

49,230

16,936

66,166

7,236

5,671 12,907

56,466 22,607 79,073 16.32Postgraduates/Masters

5,095 865 5,960 309 84 393 5,404 949 6,353 6.26Postgraduates/PhD 64 7 71 - - - 64 7 71 0 54,38 17,80 72,19 7,54 5,755 13,30 61,934 23,563 85,497 15.56Level I 6,528 5,982 12,51

0- - - 6,528 5,982 12,510 -

Level II 13,268

12,376

25,644

- - - 13,268 12,376 25,644 -

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TVET

Level III 18,990

15,398

34,388

- - - 18,990 15,398 34,388 -Level IV 28,51

824,23

852,75

6- - - 28,518 24,238 52,756 -

Level V 270 170 440 - - - 270 170 440 - Total

67,574

58,164

125,738

- - - 67,574 58,164 125,738 -

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Government

Non-Government

Government & Non-

Government (Both)

0

50,000

100,000

Figure 1.2: Number of Graduats by Program 2012/2013

Undergraduates/DegreePostgraduates/MastersPostgraduates/PhD Total

Types of Owner ship

Magnitude of Graduaters

It appears from the table 1.2 above and figure 1.2 above there were

85,497 graduates from all three degree programs of these 72,197 were

from Government and 13,300 from non- government institutions. On the

other hand that 79,073graduated were from under graduates 63 and 71

were from post Graduates masters and PhD degree stream. The number of

female graduates was 23,563 which is about 27.56% of the total.

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Male

Female

Total

M F T

Male

Female

Total

Govern ment Non Govnt Both

020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000

Figure:1.3 Number of TVET Graduats by Program and types of owner ship

Level ILevel IILevel IIILevel IVLevel V Total

Owner ship

Magnitude of TVET Graduats

b) Trends of Graduates from All Programs of Higher Education Institutes

It appears from table 1.3 below that the total number of the

graduates of higher education institutions has shown dramatic

increase for under graduate degree programs from 56,109 in

2008/09 to 79,073 (56,466male and 22,607) in 2012/13. With the same token, the number of graduates from post graduate degree

program has also significantly increased from 3,574 (3,151 male

and 423 female) in 2008/09 to 12,384 (10,563 male and

1,821female) in 2012/13.

Table 1.3: Number of Graduates from all Programs of Higher Education Institutes by Year

and Sex

Year

Graduates from all Programs of Higher Education Institutes

Both Govn’t & Non Gov’nt Government Non Government

Under Graduates/degree Post Graduate/Master PhD Post Graduate/master

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

2001 E.C 39,350 16,759 56,109 3,017 399 3,416 15 - 15 134 24 158

2002 E.C 51,300 15,699 66,999 3,875 625 4,500 131 18 149 4,194 679 4,873

2003 E.C 54,783 20,565 75,348 5,057 819 5,876 352 1 353 5,351 899 6,250

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2004 E.C 58,385 19,759 78,144 5,025 792 5,817 268 7 275 5,302 860 6,162

2005 E.C 54,466 22,607 79,073 5,095 865 5,960 386 7 393 5,468 956 6,424

Total 95,389 355,673 22,069 3,500 25,569 1,152 1152 1,185 20,449 3,418 23,867 95,389

c) Regular Post Graduates by Field of StudiesAs can be seen from table 1.4 below, the number of regular

postgraduates from higher education institutions in 2012/13 was

6,424 (5,468 male and 956 female) of which, 6,353 and 71 were from

postgraduates masters degree program and post graduates PhD

program, respectively. On the other hand, among the highest

masters’ postgraduates programs 32.66% was accounted for Social

science followed by Natural Science which was 27.40%.

Table 1.4: Number of Regular Postgraduates by Field of Studies and Sex (2012/13).Field of Studies Masters PhD Grand Total

M F Total

M F Total

M F Total

Social science 1,732

342 2,07

4

23 1 24 1,755 34

3

2,0

98Businesses and Economics

334 69 403 1 0 1 335 69 1,212Natural Science 814 90 904 20 2 22 834 92

6

1,7

60Technology 568 27 595 4 - 4 572 27 599Education 176 18 195 0 0 0 177 18 195Law 31 2 33 - - - 31 2 33Medicine and HealthScience

866 237 1,10

2

7 2 9 873 23

9

1,1

11Language Studies 33 0 33 0 0 0 33 0 33Information 33 6 39 0 0 0 33 6 39Veterinary Medicine 29 8 37 0 0 0 29 8 37Social Work 21 8 29 0 0 0 21 8 29Agriculture 401 60 461 9 2 11 410 62 141Others 366 82 448 0 0 0 366 82 448

Total 5,40

4

949 6,35

3

64 7 71 5,468 95

6

6,4

24

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D) Regular Undergraduates by Field of StudyTable 1.5 below depicts that the number of regular undergraduates

from higher institutions in 2012/13 were 79,073 (56,466 male and

22,607 female) of which, 66,166 were from government education

institutes, and 12,907 from non-government educational

institutions

Field of Studies Government Non-Government Grand Total

Male Female Total Male Female

Total Male Female Total

Social science& Humanities

10,042 4,244 14,286 778 301 1,07910,820 4,545

15,365

Businesses and Economics

9,942 3,027 12,969 1,776 2,033

3,80911,718 5,060

16,778

Natural Science 8,300 3,522 11,822 _ _ _ 8,300 3,522 11,822

Technology 4,921 1,547 6,468 556 446 1,002 5,477 1,993 7,470Education 912 189 1,101 38 6 44 3,152 195 3,347Law 1,128 330 1,458 121 39 160 1,249 369 1,618Medicine and Health Science

3,410 940 4,350 568 1006 1,5743,978 1946

5,924

Pharmacy 234 87 321 296 402 698 530 489 1,019Language Studies 1,177 1,011 2,188 0 0 0 5,477 1,993 7,470Information 1,210 244 1,454 255 151 406 3,152 195 3,347Veterinary Medicine 188 47 235 - - - 188 47 235Journalism & Communication

208 126 334 - - - 208 126 334

Music 10 9 19 - - - 10 9 19Fine Arts and 16 2 18 - - - 16 2 18Theatre Arts 64 24 88 - - - 64 24 88Sport Science 682 325 1007 - - - 682 325 1007Agriculture 5,423 830 6253 - - - 5,423 830 6253Water Technology 426 77 503 - - - 426 77 503Development Mgt 14 90 104 - - - 14 90 104Urban Planning and Mgt

36 4 40 - - - 36 4 40

Hotel Mgt 42 8 50 - - - 42 8 50Natural Resource 390 112 502 - - - 390 112 502Tourism Dev’t and Mgt

78 32 110 - - - 78 32 110

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Others 377 109 486 3,103 1,287

4,390 3,480 1,396 4,876Total 49,230 16,936 66,166 7,236 5,67

112,907 56,466 22,607 79,07

3%Natural Science 42 46 43 15.5 25.6 20.0 51 46 50Table 1.5: Number of Regular Undergraduates by Field of Studies and Sex (2012/13

SECTION TWO

EMPLOYMENT SERVICE

2.1 Local Employment ServiceTable 2.1: Distribution of PEOs and LPEAs by Region July 8/2012– July 7/2013

In Ethiopia Public Employment Service Office (PES’S) and Local Private Employment Agencies (LPEA’S)registered job seekers collect available vacancies from prospectus employers and address appropriate job seekers to their respective employing under takings.

Region Number ofPESOs

Number ofLPEAs

Total(PESOs+LPEAs)

Tigray 52 15 67Afar 1 0 1Amhara 48 27 75Oromia 334 55 389Somalia 1 0 1Benshangul – Gumuz 20 8 28SNNP 15 80 95Gambella 1 3 4Harari 1 2 3Addis Ababa 1 32 33Dire Dawa 75 159 234

Total 549 381 930

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As it appears in table 2.1 above there were 549 public Employment

Service Offices and 381 Local Private Employment Agencies

throughout the country during the reference period.

a. Registration of Job-Seekers Table 2.2: Number of Registered Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Occupation and Sex (July 8/2012–

July 7/2013)

OccupationalCode

Job-Seekers Registered Through TotalPESOs LPEAs

Male Female

Total % Male Female

Total

% Male Female

Total %

1 40,719 23,432

64,151

10.22

9,610

352 9962 53.98

50,329 23,784

74,113

11.47

2 33,027 18,268

51,295

8.18 51 50 101 0.55 33,078 18,318

51,396

7.963 28,526 17,3

6345,88

97.31 30 12 42 0.23 28,556 17,37

545,93

17.11

4 34,941 18,579

53,520

8.55 - - - - 34,941 18,579

53,520

8.28

5 47,136 23,742

70,878

11.30

1,205

4,414

5,619

30.82

48,341 28,156

76,497

11.856 17,473 8,59

426,06

74.15 13 6 19 0.10 17,486 8,600 26,08

64.04

7 53,904 26,438

80,342

12.80

- - - - 53,904 26,438

80,342

12.448 53,116 30,0

4483,16

013.2

55 7 12 0.07 53,121 30,05

183,17

212.88

9 98,356 53,788

152,144

24.25

1,946

756 2,701

14.25

100,301 54,544

154,845

23.97

Total 407,198 220,248

627,446

100.00

12,859 5,597 18,456 100.00

420,057 225,845 645,902 100.00

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total0

100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000Figure2.1: Registered job Seekers by Occupation

and Sex

Numb

er of Registered Job Seckers

A quick look at table 2.2 and figure2.1 above reveals that of the

total registered job seekers, the highest (23.97%) were made for

Elementary Occupations, followed by 12.88% and 12.44 %

registered job seekers were in the Occupational group of Plant

and Machine Operators and Assemblers and Crafts and Related

Workers, respectively.

b. Registered Job Seekers by Level of Education Table 2.3: Number of Registered Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Level of Education and Sex (July 8/2012– July 7/2013)

Level ofEducation


Male Female

Total % Male Female

Total

% Male Female

Total %

Illiterate 39,127

21,256

60,383

9.61 192 113 305 1.65

39,319

21,369

60,688 9.40Non Formal Education

14,344

12,822

27,166

4.22

426 238 664 3.60

14,770

13,060

27,830 4.30

Elementary Ed. (1-8)

135,215

64,400

199,615

32.56

10,447

2,751 13,198

6.09

145,662

67,151

212,813

32.95Secondary Ed.

(9-10) 80,5

2751,75

8132,2

8521.0

81,455

307 1762 9.54

81,982

52,065

134,047

20.75

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Senior Secondary (11-

32,633

21,611

54,244

8.04 101 80 181 0.98

32,734

21,691

54,425 8.43Technical Vocational

64,552

24,618

89,170

14.21

202 2,095 2,297

12.45

64,754

26,713

91,467 14.16

University Incomplete

11,354

5,990 17,344

2.76 31 13 44 0.24

11,385

6,003 17,388 2.69First Degree 29,4

1417,77

647,19

07.52 5 0 5 0.0

329,419

17,776

47,195 7.31Masters Degree 32 17 49 0.00 0 0 0 0 32 17 49 0.01 Total 407,1

98220,24

8627,44

6 100.0

12,859

5,597 18,456

100

420,054

225,845

645,902 100.00

As given in table 2.3 above and figure 2.2 below reveals that of

the total registered job seekers 32.95% have attained elementary

education. With the same taken, among the registered job seeks

the share of university complete and technical and vocational

graduates were only 2.69% and 14.16 % respectively.

Illiterate

Non Formal Education

Elementary Ed. (1-8)

Secondary Ed. (9-10)

Senior Secondary (11-12)

Technical Vocational

University Incomplete

First Degree

Masters Degree

Total

0200,000400,000600,000

Figure 2.2 Registered Job Seckers by Education and Sex

MaleFemaleTotal%

C Registered Job Seekers by Age Group

A) Table 2.4: Number of Registered Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Age Groupand Sex (July 8/2012– July 7/2013)AgeGroup


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Male Female

Total % Male

Female

Total

% Male Female

Total %

10 – 14 562 533 1,095 0.17 - - - -562 533 1095

0.17

15 – 19 56,108

36,813

92,921

14.81

712 155867

4.70 56,820

36,968

93,788

14.52

20 – 24 71,211

44,028

115,239

18.37

8,282

4,552

12,834

69.54

79,493

48,580

128,073

19.83

25 – 29 148,536

77,979

226,515

36.10

2,586

344 2,930

15.88

151,122

78,323

229,445

35.52

30 – 34 63,574

32,290

95,864

15.28

478 232710

3.85 64,052

32,522

96,574

14.95

35 – 39 18,017

10,345

28,362

4.52 336 190526

2.85 18,353

10,535

28,888

4.47

40 – 44 23,032

10,037

33,069

5.25 233 71304

1.64 23,265

10,108

33,373

5.17

45 – 49 14,730

5,522

20,252

3.23 106 24130

0.70 14,836 5,546

20,382

3.16

50 – 54 9,747 650 10,397

1.68 54 2983

0.459,801 679

10,480

1.62

55 – 59 1,673 2,049

3,722 0.59 38 038

0.211,711 2,049 3,760

0.58

60 – 64 6 1 7 0 34 0 34 0.18 40 1 41 065+ 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0N.S - - - - - - - -Total 407,1

98220,248

627,446

100.00

12,859

5,597

18,456

100.00

420,057

225,845

645,902

100.00

As it can be found out from table 2.4 above and observed from

figure 2.3 below, 35.52% of the total registered job seekers were

in the age group 25-29. On the other hand among the registered

job seekers between the age brackets 20-24 and 30-34 were

accounted for 19.83% and 14.95% accordingly.

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10 – 1

4

15 – 1

9

20 – 2

4

25 – 2

9

30 – 3

4

35 – 3

9

40 – 4

4

45 – 4

9

50 – 5

4

55 – 5

9

60 – 6

4 65+ N.STot

al0

100000200000

300000400000

500000

600000

700000

Figure2.3:Registered job seekers by age Group and sex

MaleFemaleTotal

D Registered Job Seekers by Region

As given in table 2.5 below of the total registered job

seekers, the highest were registered in Oromia Regional State

(37.93percent), followed by 36.56percent in Amhara Regional

State.

Table 2.5: Number of Registered Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Region and Sex (July 8/2012–July 7/2013)

Region Job-Seekers Registered Through Total

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PESOs PESOsMale Fema

leTotal % Male Female Tota

l% Male Female Total %

Tigray 49,509

31,281

80790 12.88 1073 4241 5314 28.77 50,582 35,522 86,104 13.33

Afar 103 35 138 0.02 - - - - 103 35 138 0.02Amhara 145,3

6990,7

07236,0

7637.62 - - - - 145,36

990,707 236,076 36.56

Oromia 163,528

81,486

245,014

3.9*5 - - - - 163,528

81,486 245,014 37.93Somalia 202 73 275 0.04 242 184 426 2.31 444 257 701 0.11

Benshangul Gumuz

277 91 368 0.06 - - - - 277 91 368 0.06SNNP 45,88

815,0

7260,96

09.72 10,866 804 11,6

7063.23 56,751 15,876 72,630 11.24

Gambella - -

- - 51 50 101 0.55 51 50 101 0.02Harari 413 305 718 0.11 114 34 148 0.80 527 339 866 0.13

Addis Ababa

1842 1155 2997 0.48 - - - - 1842 1155 2,997 0.46

Dire Dawa

67 43 110 0.02 513 284 797 4.32 580 327 907 0.14

Total 407,198

220,248

627,446

100.00

12,859 5,597 18,456

100.0

420,054

225,845 645,902

100.00

3.1.2 Vacancies Reported

a) Reported Vacancies by OccupationTable 2.6: Number of Reported Vacancies (through PESOs and LPEAS) by Occupation (July 8/2012– July

7/2013)

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OccupationalCode

Vacancies Reported Through TotalPESOs LPEAs

No. ofReportedVacancies

% Male Female Total % Total %

1 14,054 18.80 3 - 3 0.12 14,057 18.212 11,656 15.59 - - - - 11,656 15.103 6,030 8.06 22 7 29 1.21 6,059 7.854 3,182 4.26 27 24 51 2.12 3,233 4.195 10,316 13.80 813 1,027 1,840 76.60 12,156 15.756 5,355 7.16 24 3 27 1.12 5,382 6.977 8,517 11.39 - - - - 8,517 11.048 7,023 9.39 - - - - 7,023 9.109 8,639 11.55 389 63 452 18.81 9,091 11.79

Total 74,772 100.00

1,278 1,124 2,402 100.00

77,174 100.00

Table 2.6 and figure 2.4 above indicate that among total

vacancies registered (in both PESOs and LPEAs), 18.21% were

in Legislations, Senior Officials and Mangers followed by

Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers (15.75%).

b .Reported Vacancies by Industry

Table 2.7: Number of Reported Vacancies (through PESOs and LPEAS) by Industry (July 8/2012– July7/2013)

Industrial Code

Vacancies Reported Through TotalPESOs LPEAs



1 15,159 20.27 32 19 51 2.12 15,210 19.712 5,372 7.18 - - - - 5,372 6.963 11,729 15.69 8 2 10 0.42 11,739 15.214 5,117 6.84 - - - - 5,117 6.635 6,244 8.35 581 360 941 39.18 7,185 9.316 2,011 2.69 - - - - 2,011 2.617 3,733 4.99 38 51 89 3.70 3,822 4.958 4,911 6.57 - - - 4,911 6.36

9 20,496 27.41 619 692 1,311 54.58 21,807 28.26Total 74,772 100.0

01,278 1,124 2,402 100.

0077,174 100.0

0 Table 2.7 above and figure 2.5 below show that among thereported vacancies (through PESOs and LPEAs), 30.16% were fromCommunity, Social and Personal Services sector followed byAgricultural, Hurting, Forestry and Fishing industry (20.37%).

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total

15,2105,372

11,7395,117 7,185

2,011 3,822 4,911

21,807

77,174

Figure 2.5: Total Number of Reported Vacancies by Industry

Total Reported Vacancies by Industry

c. Vacancies Reported by RegionA look at table 2.8 below reveals that the highest vacancies

(45.36 %) were registered in Oromia Regional State and the lowest

in Harari Regional State (0.22%)Table 2.8: Number of Reported Vacancies (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Region (July 8/2012– July7/2013)

Region Vacancies Reported Through TotalPESOs LPEAs



Tigray 9,835 13.15

126 781907

37.7610,742

13.92

Afar 6,934 9.27 - - - 6,934 8.98Amhara 20,979 28.0 - - - 27.18Oromia 34,055 45.5

4- - -

34,05544.14

Somalia 42 0.06 134 169 303 12.61 345 0.45Benshangul – Gumuz

- - - - - -SNNP 289 0.39 - - - 289 0.37Gambella - - - - - -Harari 20 0.03 114 34 148 6.17 168 0.22

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Addis Ababa 2,508 3.35 343 - 343 14.28 2,851 3.69Dire Dawa 110 0.15 561 140 701 29.18 811 1.05Total 74,772 100 1,27 1,124 2,402 100.00 77,174 100.00

d.1) Collected Vacancies by Occupation

In addition to job vacancies reported through PESO’s and LPEA’s,

job vacancies that are advertised in five news papers (Zemen,

Herald, Reporter, Admass & Fortune ) were compiled for the

period July 2011-July 2012 as presented below.

Table 2.9: Distribution of Vacancies Collected from news papers by Occupational& Industrial group July 8/2012 -July 7/2013

Occupational Code

Industrial Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total %1 1 3 120 0 138 3 24 32 194 515 3.072 0 32 134

1180 521 59 628 275 595

8 8,994 53.543 2 0 306 16 402 8 82 21 142

8 2265 13.484 2 41 213 4 143 0 27 31 480 941 5.605 1 0 52 0 0 23 29 0 748 853 5.086 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0.027 6 0 131 0 599 0 4 4 189 933 5.558 1 0 263 3 477 6 739 14 443 1946 11.589 0 0 72 0 101 15 0 0 162 350 2.08

Total 13 76 2498

203 2,381

114 1533

377 9605

16,800 100.0

0 % 0.08 0.45

14.87

1.21

14.17

0.68

9.13

2.24 57.17 100.0

0 100.0

0

As we observe the above table 2.9, each cell in the matrix can

tell us how many employees of witch occupational Group fall in

each industry Group. As such, many professions are fall in each

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industry group than the rest and more Clerks are fall in the

industry Group of Community, Social and Personal Service

Again let us look that , among 16,800 job vacancies collected

from news papers, 57.17% were recorded in the community, social

and personal services industry, while 14.87% and 14.17% job

vacancies were opened in manufacturing; and construction,

respectively in the Industry group.

And again 53.54% were opened for professional occupation,

followed by technical and associate professionals (13.48%) and

Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers occupation witch accounts

(11.58%)

d.2) Collected Vacancies by Education Level

Table 2.10: Number of Job Vacancies Collected from News Papers by Level of Education, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013

Education Level Number ofVacancies

%1 – 4 Grade 77 0.46

5 – 8 Grade 686 4.089 – 10 Grade 5368 31.9511 – 12 Grade 29 0.17Certificate 124 0.74

Diploma 1454 8.65First Degree 7158 42.61

Masters Degree 1513 9.00PhD 391 2.33N.S 0 0

Total 16800 100.00

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It appeared from table 2.10 above, among job vacancies collected

from news papers, 42.61% required first degree, followed by

31.95% which required Grade 10 complete level of education.

d.3) Collected Vacancies by Salary Range

Table 2.11: Number of Job Vacancies Collected from News Papers by Salary Range, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013

Salary Group Number of Vacancies %

< 400 0 0401 – 600 799 4.76601 – 800 84 0.50801 – 1000 101 0.601001 – 1200 333 1.98

1201 – 1400 549 3.271401 – 1600 1501 8.931601 – 1800 1211 7.211801 – 2000 1363 8.11

2000+ 3922 23.34N.S 6937 41.29

Total 16,800 100.00

As given in table 2.11above, out of the total job vacancies23.34% had a monthly salary range of Birr 2000+. And 0.50% had amonthly salary range of Birr 601 – 800 which is the least valuefollowed 0.60% monthly salary range of Birr 801 – 1000.

d.4) Collected Vacancies by Year of Experience

Table 2.12: Distribution of Job Vacancies Collected from News Papers by Year of Experience, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013.

of 75

Year of Experience Number ofVacancies

%0 year 3374 20.08

1 – 2 808 4.813 – 4 6520 38.815 – 6 2284 13.597 – 8 1331 7.929 – 10 390 2.3211 – 12 47 0.28

12+ 13 0.08N.S 2033 12.10

Total 16800 100.00

Table 2.12 above reveals that 38.81% of the job vacancies(advertised in news papers) required 3-4 years of workexperience, followed by 20.08 % job vacancies which required 0years of job experience

d.5) Vacancies by Nature of Employment

Table 2.13: Number of Job Vacancies Collected from News Papers by Status of

Employment, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013

Status of Employment Number of Vacancies %

Permanent 15946 94.92Contractual 854 5.18

N.S 0 0Total

16,800 100.00As can be observed from table 2.13 above, 94.92% job vacancies

advertised in the news papers were for permanent employment,

while 5.18 % were for contractual employment

3.1.1 Placement of Job-Seekers

A. Placed Job-Seekers by Occupation Table 2.14: Number of Placed Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Occupationand Sex (July 8/2012– July 7/2013)

Occupational

Group

Job-Seekers Placed Through TotalPESOs LPEAs

Male Female Total % Male Female

Total % Male Female Total %

1 26,490 18,231 44,721 6.93 - - - - 26,490 18,231 44,721 6.472 27,548 13,517 41,065 6.36 69 51 120 0.26 27,617 13,568 41,185 5.953 49,605 31,515 81,120 12.0 100 46 146 0.32 49,705 31,561 81,266 11.7

of 75

9 54 24,276 12,145 36,421 5.64 116 116 0.25 24,276 12,261 36,537 5.285 86,421 51,913

138,33421.4

222,028 11,

80533,83

373.7

3 108,449 63,718172,16

724.8

96 19,300 15,138 34,438 5.29 75 92 167 0.36 19,375 15,230 34,605 5.007 29,790 12,824 42,614 6.60 265 253 518 1.14 30,055 13,077 43,132 6.248 34,661 21,438

56,0998.69 46 24 70 0.15

34,707 21,462 56,1698.12

9 110,249 60669170,918

26.98

10,051 866 10,917

23.79 120,300 61,535

181,835

26.29

Total408,340 237,390 645,730 100. 32634

13,253

45,887

100.00 440,974 250,643

691,617

100.000

Table 2.14 indicates that 26.29 percent of the total reported

Placements were obtained from Elementary Occupations, followed by

Service workers and shop and market Sale which had a share of

24.89 % of the total placement recorded. The least number of jobopenings came from Skilled Agricultural & Fishing workers which

was only about 5.00 percent.

b. Placed Job-Seekers by Industry Table 2.15: Number of Placed Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Industry and Sex (July 8/2012– July7/2013)

Industrial

Category

Job-Seekers Placed Through TotalPESOs LPEAs

Male Female Total % Male Female Total % Male Female Total %

1 73,075 33,189 106,264 16.47 9,364 198 9,562 20.83 82,439 33,387 115,826 16.752 29,740 19,155 48,895 7.57 57 139 196 0.43 29,797 19,294 49,091 7.103 22,283 31,162 53,445 8.28 1,624 4,107 5,731 12.50 23,907 35269 59176 8.564 24,691 14,995 39,686 6.15 129 393 522 1.14 24,820 15,388 40,208 5.815 100,050 54,699 154,749 23.96 242 259 501 1.09 100,29

254,958 155,250 22.45

6 26,053 17,146 43,199 6.69 11 28 39 0.08 26,064 17,174 43,238 6.257 16,042 7,933 23,975 3.71 293 67 360 0.78 16,335 8,000 24,335 3.528 12,661 7,270 19,931 3.09 11 6 17 0.04 12,672 7,276 19,948 2.889 103,745 51,841 155,586 24.09 20,903 8056 28,959 63.11 124,64

859897 184545 26.68

Total408,340

237,390 645,730 100.0 32634 13,253 45,887 100.00

440,974

250,643 691,617

100.00

According to the table2.15 above of placed job seekers 26.68%

were employed in community, Social and Personal Service sector

followed by the Construction which employed about 22.45%. The

of 75

third largest employed was the Agricultures, Hunting, Forestry

and Fishery Sectors which constituted for 16.75% of the placed

job seekers.

c. Placed Job Seekers by Age

Table 2.16: Number of Placed Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Age Group andSex (July 8/2012– July 7/2013)

AgeGroup

Job-Seekers Placed Through TotalPESOs PESOs

Male Female Total % Male Female

Total % Male Female Total %

10 – 14 1854 1387 3241 0.50 0 0 0 0 1854 1387 3241 0.4715 – 19 22,513 16,865 39,378 6.10 974 337 1,311 2.86 23,487 17,202 40,68

95.88

20 – 24 36,307 27,049 63,356 9.81 26,646

9581 36,227

78.95 62953 36630 99583 14.40

25 – 29 46,859 36,154 83,013 12.86 1,930 1,815 3,745 8.16 48,789 37,969 86,758

12.54

30 – 34 11,828 8,036 19,864 3.08 832 314 1,146 2.49 12,660 8,350 21,010

3.04

35 – 39 6,540 4,239 10,779 1.67 246 34 280 0.60 6,786 4,273 11,059

1.60

40 – 44 3,681 2,517 6,198 0.96 281 12 293 0.64 3,962 2,529 6,491 0.9445 – 49 1,992 2,408 4,400 0.68 126 6 132 0.29 2,118 2,414 4,532 0.6650 – 54 5,511 1,103 6,614 1.03 101 17 118 0.26 5,612 1,120 6,732 0.9755 – 59 1554 1162 2716 0.42 97 11 108 0.24 1,651 1,173 2,824 0.4160 – 64 1 0 1 0.00 25 0 25 0.05 26 0 26 0.065+ - - - - 8 0 8 0.02 8 0 8 0.0N.S 269,700 136470 406170 62.90 1,368 1,126 2,494 5.44 271068 137,59

6408,6

6459.0

9Total

408,340237,39

0645,73

0100.00 32634

13,253

45,887

100.00

440,974

250,643

691,617

100

The above table 2.16 indicates that the majority of the placed

job seekers 14.40 percent were in the age group of 20-24. Those

who fall in the age group 25-29 accounted for 12.54 percent. In

of 75

general almost all placed job seekers were in the productive

age category.

d. Placed Job Seekers by Education

Table 2.17: Number of Placed Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Level of Education and Sex (July 8/2012– July7/2013)

Level of EducationJob-Seekers Placed Through

TotalPESOs PESOsM F T % M F T % M F T %

Illiterate 1,363 985 2,348 0.36 356 165 521 1.14 1719 1150 2869 0.41Non-Formal Education 7,585 5,527 13,112 2.03 737 239 976 2.14 8322 5766 14088 2.04Elementary Ed. (1-8) 49,898 37,439 87,337 13.53 28,540 11,17

639,716 86.55 78438 48615 127,053 18.3

7Secondary Ed. (9-10) 40,095 30,276 70,371 10.90 1,043 631 1674 3.66 41138 30907 72,045 10.4

2Senior Secondary (11-12)

19,250 14,074 33,324 5.16 48 7 55 0.08 19298 14081 33,379 4.83

Technical Vocational 9,617 7,257 16,874 2.61 326 43 369 0.81 9943 7300 17,243 2.49

University Incomplete 2,016 1,326 3,342 0.52 8 0 8 0.02 2024 1326 3,350 0.48

First Degree 4,904 2,970 7,874 1.22 0 0 0 0 4904 2970 7874 1.14Master Degree 11 2 13 0.00 0 0 0 0 11 2 13 0N.S 273,601 137,53

4411,135 63.67 1576 992 2568 5.60

27517713852

6 413,70359.8

2Total

408,340237,39

0 645,730 100.00 3263413,25

3 45,887 100440,97

4250,6

43 691,617100.

0

Table 2.17 depicts above 18.37% of the placed job seekers

attended elementary level of education and 10.42 % attended

secondary level of education. The least placed job seekers were

illiterate who constituted for 0.41 percent.

of 75

e. Placed Job Seekers by Region

Table 2.18: Number of Placed Job Seekers (through PESOs and LPEAs) by Region and Sex (July 8/2012– July7/2013)

Region Job-Seekers Placed Through

TotalPESOs PESOsM F T % M F T % M F T

%Tigray 112,69

384,354 197,04

730.5

218830 10394 29,22

463.69 131,523 94,7

48226,271 32.72

Afaar - - - - - - - - - - - -Amhara 273,56

4137,407 410,97

163.6

4406 596 1002 2.18 273970 138,

003411,973 59.57

Oromia 18,582 13,845 32,427 5.02 1459 421 1880 4.09 20,041 14,266

34,307 4.96

Somalia 49 81 130 0.02 110 32 142 0.31 159 113 272 0.04BenshangulGu

113 23 136 0.02 1521 790 2311 5.04 1,634 813 2,447 0.35

SNNP 1484 451 1935 0.30 9751 846 10597 23.09 11,235 1,297

12,532 1.81

Gambella - - - - - - - - - - - -Harari 9 11 20 0 114 34 148 0.33 123 45 168 0.02

Addis Ababa

1779 1175 2954 0.46 - - - - 1779 1175 2954 0.43

Dire Dawa 67 43 110 0.02 443 140 583 1.27 510 183 693 0.10

Total 408,340

237,390 645,730

100 32634 13,253

45,887

100.00

440,974 250,643

691,617 100.00

Table 2.198depicts placed job seekers by regional states, where

as 59.57 percent placed job seekers were recorded in the Amhara

Regional State, while 32.72 percent placed job seekers were

reported from Tigray Regional State.

f)Summary of Registered Job seekers, Vacancies and Placements

Table 2.19: Summary of Registered Job seekers, Vacancies and Placement by Regional States (July 8/2012– July7/2013

Region Registered Job

Seekers (R)

VacanciesReported

(V)PlacementsReported

(P)V/R

RatioP/R

Ratio

Tigriay 86,104 10,742 226,271 0.12 2.62Afar 138 6,934 - 50.25 -

of 75

Amhara 236,076 20,979 411,973 0.09 1.75Oromia 245,014 34,055 34,307 0.14 0.14Somalia 701 345 272 0.49 0.39Benshangul-Gumuz 368 -

2,447 - 6.65

SNNP 72,630 289 12,532 0.03 0.17Gambella 101 - - - -Harari 866 168 168 0.19 0.19Addis Ababa 2,997 2,851 2954 0.95 1.00Dire Dawa 907 811 693 0.89 0.76Total

645,902 77,174 691,6170.12 1.07

According to the above Table 2.19 77,174 vacancies reported in

the Public Employment Services and Local Private Employment

Agencies were under estimated than the placed job seekers in

some Reginald States. This reveals that Vacancies recorded

were scarce in all regional states than the placed Job seekers,

with the same taken, a least placement were inflated than the

vacancies reported for half of the Regional States

of 75

2.2 Ethiopian Overseas Employment

The Ethiopia overseas employment has been in place for many

years. According to the newly enacted Employment Exchange

Service Proclamation No. 632/2009, an Ethiopian can be

employed abroad provided that his/her rights and dignity are

protected in the country of destination.

Accordingly, the employment contracts of those Ethiopians

seeking overseas employment are verified and approved by the

Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs.

In light of this, the Ethiopian overseas employment during

the reference period is presented in this section

a. Ethiopian Overseas Employment by OccupationAs can be observed from table 2.21 below among the total of

182,696 employed Ethiopian overseas employment, 97.21 percent

were employed in Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales

Workers where as 2.77 percent were employed in Plant and Machine

Operators and Assemblers

Table 2.20 Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Occupation,Sex July 8/2012-July 7/2013

Occupational Code Sex Fema

le

Male Total %1 1 1 2 02 4 23 27 0.013 0 0 0 04 0 1 1 05 175,122 2,479 177,601 97.21

of 75

6 0 6 6 0.01

7 0 0 0 08 288 4,651 4,939 2.779 0 0 0 0

Total 175,429 7267 182,696 100.00 % 97.02 3.98 100.00 100.00

Source: Ministry of Labour and Social Affair

b. Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Marital Status

From table 2.22 below, one can see during the reference period

the marital status of Ethiopians employed abroad shows that 95.69

percent were single, 4.09 percent married, and 0.22 percent

divorced.

Table 2.21: Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Marital Status and Sex July 8/2012-

July 7/2013

Marital

status

SexFemale Male Total %

Married 6210 1264 7474 4.09

Single 168839 5978 174817 95.69

Divorced 371 25 396 0.21

Widowed 9 0 9 0.01

Total 175,429 7,267 182,696 100.00

of 75

Source: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Married Single Divorced Widowed Total0

20000040000060000080000010000001200000140000016000001800000

Figure 2.6 : Ethiopian Overseas Employments by Marital Status

Numb

er o

f eTHI

OPIA

N oV

ERSE

AS

empl

oyemnt

S

c. Ethiopian Employed Overseas by Age Group and Sex

Table 2.22 Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Age Group and Sex July 8/2012-July 7/2013

Age Bracket

Sex Total %Female Male

15-19 16 1 17 0.0120-24 40315 586 40901 22.3925-29 116872 3549 120421 65.9130-34 13975 1743 15718 8.6035-39 3247 871 4118 2.2540-44 763 341 1104 0.6045-49 139 124 263 0.1450-54 26 41 67 0.0455-59 18 5 23 0.0160-64 15 3 18 0.0165+ 43 3 46 0.03

Total 17,5429 7,267 182,696 100.00

of 75

Age Category of Ethiopian employed abroad during the referenceperiod is given in table 2.22 above. Accordingly among theEthiopians employed abroad 65.91% were in the age categorybetween 25-29, followed 20-24 age category which is about 22.39percent.

D) Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Education

With regard to the level of education of Ethiopians

employed abroad, table 2.23 below reveals out of

the total 68.01 percent have completed elementary

education, while 9.08 percent and 8.36 percent attended

secondary level of education and non-formal education

in that order.

Table 2.23: Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Level of Education and Sex, July 8/2012-July7/2013

of 75

E) Ethiopian Employed Abroad by Origin of Regional States According to table 2.24 below, among the Ethiopians Employed

overseas the majority i.e. 37.77% were from Oromia Regional

State, followed by 32.07percent and 13.85percent from Amhara

Regional State and SNNP respectively.

Table 2.24: Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Regional States and Sex July 8/2012-

July 7/2013

of 75

Level Education Sex

Male Female Total

%Non Formal Ed. 1103 13169 14272 7.81Elementary Ed. 3455 120798 124253 68.01Junior Secondary Ed. 621 8916 9537 5.22Secondary Ed. 1276 16307 17,583 9.63Tech/Voca. Ed. 43 316 359 0.20College 143 383 526 0.29Post Graduate 30 50 80 0.04Others 5 36 41 0.02N.S 591 15454 16045 8.78Total 7267 175,429 182,696 100.00

Region City Adm. SexMale Female Total %

Tigray 921 8390 9311 5.10

Afar 84 558 642 0.35Amhara 2715 55877 58592 32.07

Oromia 1790 67219 69009 37.77Addis Ababa 1225 17666 18891 10.34

SNNP 478 24821 25299 13.85Benishangul-Gumuz 23 362 385 0.20

Gambela 4 28 32 0.02Dire Dawa 24 388 412 0.23Harari 3 85 88 0.05Somalia 0 35 35 0.02Total 7,267 175,429 182,696 100.00


F) Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Country of Destination

As table 2.25 below reveals, out of the total abroad employment

contract approved by the Ministry, Saudi Arabia as a country of

final destination received 88.56 percent Ethiopian migrant

worker, followed by Kuwait 11.38 percent among other Middle East

countries.

Country of

Destination

SexMale Female Total %

Saudi Arabia 7127 154660 161787 88.56Kuwait 130 20659 20789 11.38U.A.E - - - -Others 10 110 120 0.06 Total 7,267 175.429 182696 100.00

Table 2.25 Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employments by Major Country of Destination and

Sex July 8/2012-July 7/2013


of 75

Saudi Arabia

Kuwait U.A.E Others Total 0

50000

100000

150000

200000

Figure 3.7 : Number of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by major Country of Distnation

MaleFemaleTotal

Countries of Distination

Magnitude of Overseas

Employement

G) Trend of Ethiopian Overseas EmploymentTable 2.26 Trend of Ethiopian Overseas Employment by Type of Service

Year Public Employment

Services

Private Employment Services

Agencies

Total1981/82 – 1984 3,215 0 3,2151985/86 – 1988/89 2,882 0 2,882

1989/90 - 1992/93 9,270 0 9,2701993/94 – 1996/97 5,156 0 5,156

1997/98 – 2000/01 0 1202 1,2022001/02 – 2004/05 8,659 20,753 29,412

2005/06 – 2009/10 31,868 75,692 107,5602011/12 35,929 162,738 198,667 2012/2013 13,441 169,255 182,696Total 110,420 429,640 540,060% 20.45 79.55 100.00


Ethiopian overseas employment services are mainly classified as Public

Employment Service (which mainly deals with individuals obtaining

their employment contracts through self effort) and services through of 75

Private Employment Agencies (PEAs). Accordingly, as table 3.26 above

reveals, from 1981/82 – 2012/13, the majority of overseas employment

contracts (79.55 percent) were obtained through PEAs, while the

remaining (20.45 percent) were provided through Public Employment

Service

1981/82 – 1984

1989/90 - 1992/93

2001/02 – 2004/05

2011/12

Total

0200,000400,000600,000

Figure 2.8 Trends of Ethiopian Overseas Employement

Public Employment ServicesPrivate Employment Services Agencies TotalNu

mber

of

Over

seas

2.3 Employment of Foreign Nationals in EthiopiaAccording to the Labour Law No.377/2003, any foreign national may

be employed in Ethiopia provided that he/she has work permit that

is issued by a responsible Authority that is the Ministry of

Labour and Social Affairs. However, the employees in the

diplomatic mission and UN organizations may not require work

permits. Furthermore, the Labour Law states that a work permit

shall be given for employment in a specific type of work for

three years and shall be renewed every year. With this

of 75

background, some Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia is

forwarded in this section.

Accordingly information on foreign nationals employed in Ethiopia

during the reference period is given in this section.

a. Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by Occupation

Table 2.27 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Major Occupation and Sex, July 8/2012-July

7/2013


of 75

Occupational Code SexFemale Male Total %

1 289 2,049 2,338 18.172 702 6,180 6,882 53.503 55 1,681 1,736 13.504 10 34 44 0.345 5 88 93 0.726 2 8 10 0.087 24 531 555 4.318 25 1,145 1,170 9.109 23 13 36 0.28

1,135 11,729 12,864 100.00

As given in table 2.27above, among foreign nationals who

maintained work permits, 53.50 percent were Professionals, while

18.17 percent and 13.50 percent were in the occupational

category of Legislations, Senior Officials and Managers and

Technicians & Associate Professionals Workers in that order

b) Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by Industry.Table 2.28 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Major Industry and Sex, July 8/2012-July 7/2013.


As seen in the above table 2.28, 44.54% of Foreign Nationals

were employed in the industry category of Construction, while

25.24percent and 12.71% were employed in the Manufacturing Sector

and Community, Social and Personal Service, respectively.

C .Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by Marital Status Table 2.29 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Martial Status and Sex, July 8/2012-July

7/2013

of 75

Industrial Code SexFemale Male Total %

1 46 617 663 5.152 11 149 160 1.243 183 3062 3245 25.244 37 725 762 5.925 242 5488 5730 44.546 10 135 145 1.137 26 392 418 3.258 18 88 106 0.829 562 1073 1635 12.71

Total

1,135 11,729 12,864 100.00

Source Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Table 2.29 above indicates that among the foreign national who

obtained work permits during the reference period 58.29% were

married, 40.88 percent single, 0.70 percent divorced and the

remaining 0.13 percent were widowed

d. Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permit by Level of Salary Table 2.30 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Salary Brackets and Sex, July 8/2012-July 7/2013


As can be observed from table 2.30 above and figure 3.10 below

among foreign nationals who obtained work permits 55.69 percent

were earning a monthly salary of Birr 2000 and above, while 10.95

of 75

Material

Status


Married 413 7086 7499 58.29Single 699 4560 5259 40.88Divorced 14 76 90 0.70Widowed 9 7 16 0.13Total 1135 11729 12864 100.00

Level of Salary SexFemale Male Total %

120 – 199 0 2 2 0.02200 – 400 6 54 60 0.47401 – 600 3 39 42 033601 – 800 0 24 24 0.19801 – 1000 64 414 478 3.721001 – 1200 7 139 146 1.131201 – 1400 10 543 553 4.291401 – 1600 50 503 553 4.291601 – 1800 14 246 260 2.021801 - 2000 101 1307 1408 10.95

2000+ 462 6702 7164 55.69 418 1756 2174 16.90 Total 1135 11729 12864 100.00

percent and 4.29 percent had a monthly salary between of Birr

1801-2000 and Birr 1201-1400 respectively.

e. Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by Age Category

Table 2.31 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Age Group and Sex, July 8/2012-July 7/2013Source: Ministry of Labour and Social Affair

Table 2.31 above shows that among 12,864 foreign nationals

that hold work permits, 18.55 percent were between 25-29 age

groups. The table further notifies that those between the

ages of 35-39 were 14.68 Percent. One can also note from

the table that only 0.99 percent of foreign nationals that

obtained work permit fall in the age group 15-19.

F) Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by country of OriginIt appears from table 2.33 below, out of 12,864 foreign nationals

who hold work permits in the given reference period 10,435

of 75

Age Bracket SexFemale Total %

15 – 19 18 109 127 0.9920 – 24 100 794 894 6.9525 – 29 260 2126 2386 18.5530 - 34 134 1749 1883 14.6835 - 39 123 1765 1888 14.6740 - 44 150 1942 2092 16.2645 – 49 99 1504 1603 12.4650 – 54 80 827 907 7.0555 – 59 69 495 564 4.3860 – 64 46 232 278 2.1665 + 56 184 242 1.88N.S - - - -

Total 1135 11729 12,864 100.00

(81.12percent) that is the majority were Asians and 1,401

(10.89percent) were European.

Table 2.32 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Employed in Ethiopia by Continent of Origin and Sex July 8/2012-July 7/2013

ContinentOrigin


Afric 91 426 517 4.02Asia Chinese 472 6811 7283 69.79

Indians 125 2466 2591 24.83Others 44 517 561 5.38Total 641 9,794 10,435 81.12

Europe 271 1332 1603 12.46North and Central America

3 13 16 0.12South America 10 5 15 0.12 Oceania 119 159 278 2.16

Total 1139 11727 12864 100.00

Africa Asia Europpe North and

Central

America

South America

Oceania

Total0

4000

8000

12000

Figure 2.9 ...

FemaleMaleTotal

Origion Continent

Numb

er of

Empl

oyee

s

of 75

It appears from the table 2.32 above out of the total

12864 foreign nationals with work permits 81.12 percent

were from Asia followed by 12.64% and 4.02% were from

Europeans and Africans respectively. Furthermore, among

Asians who issued work permits from Ethiopia, the

highest number were Chinese (69.79%) followed by the

Indians which accounted for 24.83 percent.

g) Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by RegionTable 2.33 Distributions of Foreign Nationals Issued Work Permits by Regional Destination and Sex , July8/2012-July 7/2013

Region/CityAdministration


Addis Ababa 971 9228 10199 79.28Afar 9 34 43 0.33Amhara 4 21 25 0.19

Benishangul Gumuz 1 6 7 0.05Dridawa 14 233 247 1.92Gambella 0 18 18 0.15Oromia 116 1969 2085 16.21SNNP 8 148 156 1.21

Somalia 9 9 18 0.15Tigray 3 63 66 0.51Total 1135 11729 12864 100.00

As given in table 3.33 above, out of the total foreign nationals

who hold work permits, 79.28 percent were assigned in the Addis

of 75

Ababa city Administration, followed by 16.21percent were issued

with work permits to work in the Oromia Regional State

2.4 Employment in Civil Service

a) Civil Service Employment by Region.Table2.34 Civil Service Employment by Region. (As reportedJune2012)

Region/Federal SexMale Female Total %

Federal48712 29755 78467 7.28

Tigray 41639 25667 67,306 6.24far 13269 6098 19,367 1.79

Amhara 144,723 85036 229,759 21.31Oromia 229522 107,412 336934 31.25Somali 36,249 11410 47,659 4.42

Benishangul-

Gumuz

11613 5129 16,742 1.55SNNP 140907 62541 203448 18.87

Gambella 7634 2980 10614 0.98Harari 2935 2279 5214 0.48

of 75

Addis Ababa 28985 27356 56341 5.23Dire Dawa 4098 2226 6,324 0.59Total 710286 367889 1078175 100.0

0

Source: Ministry of Civil Service

Regarding table2.34 above, out of the total of 1,078,175

Ethiopian Civil Service employees (65.88%) male and (34.12%)

female were reported during June 2012. A quick look at the above

table, reveal that the majority of the civil servants (31.25%)

were employed in Oromia Regional State followed by Amhara Regional State (21.31%) and SNNP (18.87%). Hararia Regional

States Bing the least. It also appears from the table that only

7.28% of the total civil servants were accounted for the federal

government institutions.

of 75

Federal

Tigray fa

r

Amhara

Oromia

Somali

Benishangul- Gumuz

SNNP

Gambella

Harari

Addis Ababa

Dire DawaTotal

020000040000060000080000010000001200000

Figure 2.10 Civil service employment by Region

MaleFemaleTotal

a.Ethiopian Civil Service Employment by Service

Table 2.35 Distribution of Ethiopian Civil Service Employment by Service andSex .as reported june2012.

Types of Service SexMale Female Total %

Professional Science 82,852 27,023 109,875 10.2Administrative 13,390 6,374 19,764 1.8Sub-Profession 63,792 37,485 101,277 9.4

Clerical and

Fiscal

18,191 26,158 44,349 4.1

Trade and Crafts 14,316 7,295 21,611 2.0

Custodial and

Manual

41,565 25,102 66,667 6.2

Teachers 196,031 102,949 298,980 27.7

Health Profession 38,769 41,990 80,759 7.5Appointment 25,038 8,866 33,904 3.1

Special 56,499 15,603 72,102 6.7

of 75

Classification

Not Stated 159,843 69,044 228,887 21.2

Total 710286 367889 1,078,175 100.00 Source: Ministry of Civil Service

Number of Ethiopian Civil Servants employees by type of service is given in the above table 3.36. It reveled from the table 2.37,that civil servants in the professional Science were 109,875 ofwhich 82,852 male and reminding 27,023 female.

Professional Science

Sub-Profession

Trade and Crafts

Teachers

Appointment

Not Stated

0400,000800,000

1,200,000

Figure2.11: Distribution of civil servants by Service

Sex MaleSex FemaleSex TotalSex %

Services

Numb

er o

f Civi

l Se

rvants

b. Civil service Employment by SalaryTable 2.376Distribution of Ethiopian Civil Service Employment by Salary andSex, as reported June2012.

Salary Bracket(INBIRR)


400-599 51,852 33,862 85,714 7.94600-799 30,649 19,279 49,928 4.63800-999 55,416 41,268 96,684 8.97

1000-1199 116,408 71,034 187,442 17.391200-1399 76,492 55,505 131,997 12.24

1400-1599 104,476 51,489 155,965 14.471600-1799 62,703 28,140 90,843 8.431800-1999 30,624 13,814 44,438 4.12

of 75

2000-2199 23,969 10,039 34,008 3.152200-2399 35,527 12,875 48,402 4.502400-2599 28,647 9,088 37,735 3.502600-2799 14,294 3,989 18,283 1.70

2800-2999 28,928 6,871 35,799 3.323000

+ 50,029 10,347 60,376 5.60Not stated 272 289 561 0.05

Total 710286 367,889 1,078,175 100.00 Source: Ministry of Civil Service

As indicated in table 2.36 above ,17.39 percent of the Ethiopian

Civil service workers earn a monthly salary between Birr 1000-

1199,followed by 14.47 %and 12.24 % had a monthly salary of Birr

1400-1599 and 1200-1399 in that order.

400-599

800-999

1200-1399

1600-1799

2000-2199

2400-2599

2800-2999

Not stated

0200,000400,000600,000800,000

1,000,0001,200,000

Figure2.12: Civil Service by Employement by salary


Salaries

Numb

er of

Civi

l Serv

ants

c. Civil Service Employment by Level of Education. AS revealed in table 2.37 below, 38.67 percent the Ethiopian Civil service workers have attend college level Diploma with the same taken, the reported Civil service workers 15.30 percent and 10.53 percent have certificate and seconded levelof education( Grade 9-12) respectively.

of 75

Table 2.37 Distribution of civil Service Employment by level of Education (as Reported June 2012).

Level of Education SexMale Female Total %

Illiterate 2,237 1,497 3,734 0.35Read and Write 6,798 3,593 10,391 0.96

Grade 1-4 12,439 5,501 17,940 1.66Grade 5-8 29,309 12,739 42,048 3.90Grade 9-12 71,561 41,980 113,541 10.53Certificate 91,988 72,921 164,909 15.30Level I-V & 23,127 19,353 42,480 3.94

1st -4th Year College 15,254 8,373 23,627 2.19Diploma College 277,189 139,792 416,981 38.67Under Graduate 148,858 47,642 196,500 18.23

Post Graduate 9,052 1,329 10,381 0.96Doctorate(PhD) 1,061 161 1,222 0.11

Not Stated 21,413 13,008 34,421 3.19 Total 710,286 367,889 1,078,175 100.00

of 75

Illiterate

Grade 1-4

Grade 9-12

Level I-V & Voc/Tech(10+2)

Diploma College

Post Graduate

Not Stated

0

400,000

800,000

1,200,000

Figure: 2.13: Civil Service Employement by level of Education

Male Female Total %

Education Statous

Magnitude of Civil Servants

With regarded to table 2.38 below 28.79 percent Ethiopian Civil

service workers were between the age bracket 23-27 accounted for

20.81 percent and 13.64 percent in that order . This reveals

that the highest of the Ethiopian Civil service employees were in

the age group category 18-37 productive age cohort.

With the same taken Ethiopian Civil Service employees were in the

age group of 28-32 and 33-37.

d) Civil Service Employment by Age Group.

Table 2.38 Distribution of Ethiopian Civil Service by Age Group June 2012.

Age Group Sex

Male Female Total %

of 75

Bellow 18 0.1118-22 61,856 40,666 102,522 9.5123-27 201,039 109,360 310,399 28.7928-32 149,022 75,398 224,420 20.8133-37 96,340 50,763 147,103 13.6438-42 70,742 34,844 105,586 9.7943-47 49,976 22,157 72,133 6.6948-52 7,629 15,400 23,029 2.1453-57 18,480 7,390 25,870 2.4058-60 9,921 3,1331 13,054 1.22

Above 60 1,800 1,330 3,130 0.29Not Stated 15,856 7,027 22,883 2.12

Total

710,286 367,889 1,078,175 100.00

Source: Ministry of Civil Service

Bellow 18

23-27

33-37

43-47

53-57

Above 60

Total

04000008000001200000

Figure2.14: Civil Service Employement by Service


Age groupMagn

itud

e of c

ivil

se

rvan

ts

As it can be observed from the table 2.40 below the Ethiopiancivil service employees to the population ratio showed 34 for Gambela Regional State, 39 and 53 for Harari and Addis Ababa Regional States respectively.

F) The Ratio of Civil Servant to the Population by RegionTable 2.39 Distribution of the Ratio of Civil Servant to the Population by Regional

&Federal and Sex as of June 2012.

of 75

Tigray

Amhara

Somalia

SNNP

Harari

Dire Dawa

Region

71 77 80 90 10253

8234 39 53 60

0

81

Figure 2.15: Ratio of Civil Servant for the Population by Region

Ratio of Civil Servant to the Population

g) Civil Service Permanent Employees Separated from Service.

Table and Figure 2.40 depict the reason of separation of

Ethiopian civil service employees. According to the table, among

of 75

Regional/Federal

Number of Total

Numberof Civil

Ratio of Civil

Share of Regions civil

Tigray 4,781806 63,306 71 5.87Afar 1,498,935 19,367 77 7.60Amhara 18,462,160 229,759 80 21.31Oromia 30,393,661 336,934 90 31.25Somalia 4,879,300 47,659 102 4.42Benishangul Gumuz

880,239 16,742 53 1.55

SNNP 16,635,060 203,448 82 18.87Gambela 363,169 10,614 34 0.98Harari 203,996 5,214 39 0.48Addis Ababa 2,985,277 56,341 53 5.22Dire Dawa 377,094 6,324 60 0.59Federal - 78,467 - -Region 81,460,697 999,708 81 92.72 Total

81,460,697 1,078,175

76 100.00

the reasons for separation voluntarily accounted for 47.60 %

and other cases accounted 52.40%. As reported June 2012 out of

46,063 separated Ethiopian civil servants, 36.78% are female and

63.22% are male civil servantsTable 2.40 Distribution of Civil Service Permanent Employees Separated from Service June 2012.

Reason forSeparation


Retirement 1432 315 1,747 3.79Illness 266 105 371 0.81Death 760 367 1,127 2.45

Discipline 460 81 541 1.17Voluntarily 15,174 6,750 21,924 47.60Transfer 5,947 2,938 8,885 19.29Order 314 406 720 1.56

Appointment 1,560 334 1,894 4.11Inefficiency 156 69 225 0.49

Due to Structural

Change

1505 862 2,367 5.14Not Stated 1,090 1,250 2,340 5.08

Total 28,664 13,477 42,141 100.00

63.2%

36.8%

Figure 2.16: Number of Civil cervice Permanent Employees Separeted from work

Male Female

\

of 75

Figure 2.41 above reveals the total percentage of male and

female Civil Service employees separated from work .Accordingly,

63.2% male and 36.8% female civil servants separated from work

with different reasons.

2.5. Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises It is often argued that Micro and Small enterprises (MSEs) play

significant roles in the creations of employment opportunities

and generations of income for quite a large proportion of the

population. Accordingly during the reported period as seen in the

table blow for a total of 4,466,836 people job opportunities has

been created. Out of which for 797995 people in big projects.

Industrial Group

SEX

Tigray Afar Amhara Oromia Somalia B.Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari

Addis Ababa

Dri Dawa Total

Manufacturing

M

F

T 9551 22 25655 58041 2062 427 11410 254 374 30873 422 139091Construction

M

F

T 81796 417 44156 178107 3627 1924 37507 279 2376 136205 6281 492675

Urban agriculture

M

F

T 9539 30 30603 105124 1309 338 9780 434 305 7836 651 165949Service M

of 75

F

T 21294 387 31131 134117 610 695 21212 556 270 34153 2037 246462Trade M

F

T 10517 26 21168 120646 1102 416 12790 449 403 9440 1447 178404Total M 73,181 541 66,487 351,661 5,419 2,356 52,004 1,046 2,125 132,97

46,393 714,187

F 59,516 377 66,226 244,371 3,291 1,444 41,200 926 1,603 86,090 4,445 509,492T 132697 918 152713 596035 8710 3800 93204 1972 3728 219064 10838 1,222,58

1Big projects

- - - - - - - - - - - 797,995

G. Total 39,8091 2718 438139 1788102 26130 11400 279107 5916 11184 656635 32514 4,466,836

Table 2.51 Jobs Created through Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises

3980912718

438139

1788102

26130 11400 2791075916 11184

65663532514

4466836

Figure 2.17: Number of created jobs by SMEs.

Number of created total jobs by Micro &Small scale interprises by Region

of 75

SECTION THREE

INDUSTRIAL RELATION3.1 Occupational Safety, Health and Work Accident

Work accident may occur in the process of production as a resultof unsafe working condition, unsafe acts, personal failure andlack of awareness on the side of both the employers and workers.The failure on the part of the management in realizing andapplying properly guarded machine, proper illumination andventilation, non detective tools, etc, could be considered as oneof the causes to work accidents.

Work accidents may result in loss of life, physical impairment,material damage and termination of work that might claim verylarge financial loss. The accident report during the referenceperiod (2012/2013) is limited only to 323 establishments. Thefigures obtained from the undertakings cannot show the nature andcauses of work accidents in the counting except that it mightgive some insights of the same.

Accordingly, detailed information on the number of occupationalsafety and health effective for the physical year 2012/2013 arepresented in the following section.

3.1.1 Registered Work Accidents by Industry

Table 3.1.1 Number of Registered Work Accidents by Industrial Code, July 8/2012– July 7/2013

Industrial Category No. ofEst.

No. of Employees

Work Accidents

Non-Fatal Fatal Total % Payments for medical purpose

1 109 12,877 947 4 951 1751 57418.52 2 3 3 - 3 0.06 -3 144 21,014 2,462 8 2,470 45.47 57,739.03

4 12 1,301 16 2 18 0.33 11.957.79

of 75

5 52 8’007 1,971 13 1,984 36.52 176,963.006 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0 0 0

09 4 7 5 1 6 0.11 0Total 323 42,209 5,404 28 5,432 100.00 304,078.45

It appears from table 3.1 above a total number of 5432 work

accidents were reported by 274 establishments, of which 28 work

accidents were fatal and 5,404 were non- fatal. Among the

reported work accidents, the highest percentage (45.47%)

appear in the manufacturing sector with the same taken work

accidents for construction and Agricultural, Hunting, Forestry

and Fishing constituted for 36.72% and in that order.

3.1.2 Number of Causes of Work Accidents by IndustryTable 3.2 Numbers of Causes of Work Accidents by Industry, July 8/2012– July 7/2013

Caused of Accident Industrial

Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tota

l

%Machine 64 0 746 3 129 - - - - 942 17.3Electricity 41 0 33 0 12 0 0 0 0 86 1.58

Hand Tools 315 0 341 0 311 0 0 0 6 973 17.9

2

Fire & Explosive 18 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 1.62Acid & Hot

Substance

0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0.64

Falling and

Slipper

132 3 281 2 523 0 0 0 0 941 17.3

3Surface Falling 8 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 12 0.22

Splitters 32 0 11 0 17 0 0 0 0 60 1.10

Collisions With

Objective

40 0 126 7 196 0 0 0 3 369 6.79

Miss Handling 19 0 276 0 282 0 0 0 0 577 10.6

of 75

2

Falling Objective 20 0 57 3 270 0 0 0 0 350 6.44

Transport 110 0 103 2 6 0 0 0 0 221 4.07

Animals 13 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0.28Work Mistakes 55 0 127 1 32 0 0 0 0 215 3.96Others 84 0 261 0 203 0 0 0 0 548 10.0

9Total 951 3 2,470 18 1,984

0 0 0 6 5,432

100.00

Table 3.2 above reveals causes of work accidents by industrial

category. According to this table among 5,432 work accidents

17.92 percent were caused Hand Tools. Machine and falling and

slippers were the next highest causes of work accidents which accounted for 17.35 percent and 17.33 percent accordingly.

3.1.3 Number of Location of Injury by Industry

Table 3.3 Numbers of Causes of Work Accidents by Industry, July 8/2012– July 7/2013

Industrial

Category

Location of Injury

Eye Ear Othe

r

Upper

Extrem

e

Lower

Extreme

Centr

al

Body

Others2 Total

1 83 10 73 387 261 88 49 9512 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 33 72 8 361 954 682 303 90 24704 0 0 1 6 9 1 1 185 98 25 225 549 616 240 131 19846 0 0 0 0 716 0 0 0

7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

of 75

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 6 0 0 0 6

Total 253 93 660 1905 1668 632 271 5,432% 4.66 0.79 12.1

5

35.07 30.71 14.75 4.99 100.00

As indicated in the above table 3.3 among 5,432 work accidents

35.07 percent occurred on the upper extreme part of the body of

the injured workers followed by lower extreme and others1 which

constituted for 30.71 percent and 12.15 percent respectively.

of 75

3.1.4 Numbers & Types of Work Accidents by Industry

Table 3.4 Numbers & Types of Work Accidents by Industrial Group, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013

Type of

Injury Industrial Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total %

Abrasion 202 0 1,07

5

8 862 0 0 0 0 2,147 39.53

Burns 133 0 102 1 4 0 0 0 0 240 4.42Cuts 198 0 255 0 102 0 0 0 3 558 10.27Piercing 188 0 143 0 108 0 0 0 2 441 8.12

Punctured 20 0 64 0 158 0 0 0 0 242 4.46Sprain 0 0 256 0 26 0 0 0 0 282 5.19

Fracture 41 2 165 2 245 0 0 0 0 455 8.38

Dislocati

on

46 0 138 1 267 0 0 0 452 8.31

Eye-

Injury

119 0 170 0 192 0 0 0 0 481 8.85

Ear-

Injury

0 0 77 0 2 0 0 0 0 79 1.45

Suffocati

on

0 0 15 4 2 0 0 0 0 21 0.39

Sinking 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.04

Death 4 0 8 2 13 0 0 0 1 26 0.52

Others 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 - 4 0.07

Total 951 3 2470 18 1984 0 0 0 6 5,432 100.00

From the above table 3.4, though the total number of work

accidents recorded from 323 establishments was significant the

majority were slight injuries , abrasion which accounted for

39.53 percent following abrasion cuts and fracture ( 10.27% and

8.85%) respectively, which mostly occurred due to machine,

explosion, chemicals ,fire and stream.

of 75

3.1.5 Number of Work Accidents by Industry and Age GroupTable 3.5 Number of Work Accidents by Age Brackets and Industry, July 8/2012 – July 7/2013

Age Range Industrial Category1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total %

10-14 47 0 9 0 7 0 0 0 0 63 1.1615-19 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0.11

20-24 188 0 597 1 395 0 0 0 0 1,281 23.5825-29 185 1 352 4 288 0 0 0 1 931 17.1430-34 176 2 366 1 250 0 0 0 2 797 14.6735-39 147 0 356 4 349 0 0 0 1 857 15.7840-44 151 0 301 4 324 0 0 0 0 780 14.3645-49 38 0 159 2 83 0 0 0 0 282 5.19

50-54 9 0 206 0 35 0 0 0 0 250 4.60

55-59 2 0 56 0 3 0 0 0 0 61 1.1260-64 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0465+ 8 0 62 2 50 0 0 0 0 122Total 951 3 2470 18 1984 0 6 5,432 100.00

The Above Table 3.5 reveals the number of work accidents occurred

by age category and industrial code. Accordingly, the highest

number of work accidents occurred between the age brackets 20-24

which was about 23.58 percent. The next highest number of work

accidents was in the age group of 25-29 and 35-39 in which

accounted for 17.14% & 15.78 percent respectively. The least

case was registered in the age group of 60-64 which was about

0.04 percent.

of 75

3.1.6 Leave Days Allocated as a Result of Work Accidents

Table 3. 6 Distributions of Leave Days Allocated as Result of Work Accidents by Industry July 8/2012 –July 7/2013

Industrial

Group

Number of

Injuries

Leave days

Issued

Average No. of

Leave Days

Issued.

Paid money in case

of permition

1 408 1,368 3.35 57,418.502 0 0 - 03 382,091 19,303 0.05 75,669.994 17 323 19.00 11,957.795 1,865 7,270 3.90 281,9636 0 0 - 07 0 0 - 08 0 0 - 09 0 0 - 0Total 384,381 28,264 0.07 427,009.28The above table 3.6 reveals a total of 28,264 leave days were

issued as a result of 384,381 work accidents which occurred in

323establishements. As the above table shows the average number

of days issued as a result of work accidents was estimated to be

around 0.07 days. The highest average leave days was given for

employees who were injured in the Electricity Gas, Water which

was an average of 19.00 days. The least average leave days (0.50

of 75

days) were issued for employees who were injured in manufacturing

category.

3.2 Trade UnionThe Labour Law Proclamation No. 377/2003 states that workers and

employers shall have the right to establish and form trade unions

or employers association respectively. Accordingly, one trade

union may be established in an undertaking where the number of

workers is twenty or more. Moreover, workers who work in

undertaking with less than twenty workers may form a general

trade union, provided however, that the number of the members of

the union shall not be less than twenty.

Now nine trade union federations and one confederation have beenregistered at national level. Details of the registered trade

of 75

unions during the budget year 2012/13 and their members arerevealed in the following tables.

3.2.1 Registered Trade Unions by industryTable 3.7 Numbers of Registered Trade Unions and Their Members by Industrial Code and Sex, July 8/20112- July 7/2013

IndustrialGroup

No of Trade Unions No of Members Basic Branch Male Female Total %

1 26 2 973 877 1,850 21.932 0 - - - - -3 98 3 2,606 342 2,948 34.954 8 - 148 84 232 2.765 4 - 333 1,258 1,591 18.866 1 - 350 56 406 4.827 - - - - - -8 1 - 40 27 67 0.799 46 1 758 583 1,341 15.89

Total 184 6 5,208 3,227 8,435 100.00It appeared from the above table 3.7 that there were 184 newly

registered basic unions and 6 newly registered branch trade

unions. Of these, 98 basic trade unions were registered in

manufacturing industrial sector and 46 basic trade unions were

registered in Community, Social and Personal Sectors. As far as

branch trade unions are concerned 3 unions was registered in

Manufacturing sector,2 unions were registered in Agricultural,

Hunting ,Fishery and Fishing sector. When we look at the number

of trade union,out of the total members 34.95 percent and 21.93

percent were respectively reported from Manufacturing sector and

Agricultural Hunting Forestry and Fishing industrial Category.

3.2.2 Registered Trade Unions and Their Members by Regional StatesTable 3.8 Distribution of Registered Trade Unions & Their Members by Regions & sex (July 8/2012-July 7 /2013.

Region No. of TradeUnions

No. of Members Total %

of 75

Basic Branch Male FemaleTigray 65 4 44 130 174 4.43Afaar - - - - -Amhara 49 - 1509 1224 2217 26.28Oromia - - - - -Somalia 11 2 245 114 359 4.25Benshangul –Gumuz

3 - 104 60 164 1.94SNNP 18 - 818 642 1460 17.31Gambea - - - - -Harari 21 - 1,324 639 1,963 23.15Addis Ababa - - - - -Dire Dawa 17 - 1,164 744 1,908 22.62Total 184 6 4,692 3,553 8,245 100.00

As it can be seen from table 3.8 above, 184 Basic and 6 Branch

Trade Unions have been registered during the reference period.

These Basic and Branch Trade Unions have a total of 8435 members

(61.74% male and 38.26% female. The table also shows that 35.33%

of the reported Basic Trade Unions were registered in Tigray

regional state .As far as the Branch Trade Unions are conserved

the highest Branch Trade Unions were registered again in Tigray

regional state.

of 75

Tigray

Afaar

Amhara

Oromia

Somalia

Benshangul – Gumuz

SNNP

Gambea

Harari

Addis Ababa

Dire DawaTotal

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Figure 2.18 Registered Trade Unions and their members by Regional State.

BasicBranchMaleFemaleTotal

3.2.2 Registered Trade Unions and Their Members by Industrial Category

Table 3.9 Numbers of Registered Trade Unions and Their Members by Industrial Code and Sex, July 8/2012 - July 7/2013

Name of Federation No. of Trade

Unions

Sex

Male Female Total %

Farm, Plantation, & Agro Ind. 196 91,607 50,463 142,070 35.08

Textile, Leather and Garment

work

75 22,261 24,921 47,182 11.65

Food, Beverages, Tobacco &

Allied

84 31,014 21,920 52,934 13.07

Energy, Chemical and Mine 68 38,056 9,855 47,911 11.83Construction, Wood Metal, Cement

& others

95 40,737 6,081 46,818 11.56

Bank and Insurance 6 5,726 3,994 9,720 2.40

of 75

Transport and Communication

Works

25 16,296 4,805 21,101 5.21

Tourism Hotels & General

Services

225 13,358 10,011 23,369 5.77

Commerce, Technical and Printing

Ink

45 8,615 5,280 13,895 3.43

Total 819 267,670 137,330 405,000 100.00

According to table 3.9 above reveals that the total number of

trade unions members as of June 2013 was 405,000 of which 66.09%

were male and the remaining 33.91 % were female. It appears from

the table among the members of trade unions 35.08% were in the

Farm Plantation Fishery and Agro Industry sectors with the same

taken few members of trade unions 2.40% were in Bank and

Insurance Sector, and Communication works sector.

3.3 Employers Association

3.3. Members of Associations under Ethiopian Employee’s FederationTable 3. 10 Distribution of Members of associations under Ethiopian Employee’s Federation as of

2012/13

Type of Association No. of AssociationPubl

ic

Private Others Total %

Eth. Horticulture & Flora - 1 - 1 0.35Eth. Tour Operator - 200 - 200 70.42No.1 Bole International Airport & Hotels

Permanent Taxi Drivers

- 74 - 74 26.07 Beverage industries - 2 - 2 0.70Medical laboratories& Higher clinics 2 - 2 0.70Gas and Chemical production factories - 1 - 1 0.35Eth.Red Cross association - - 1 1 0.35 Agro-Industries ,Hotels and whole sellers - 3 - 3 1.06

of 75

- 283 1 284 100.0As given table 3.9 above reveals that 99.65% of the Ethiopian

Employers Federation members were from private

associations ,while only 0.35% were from others association

3.3.2 Members of Employers AssociationTable 3.. 11 Distribution of Members of the Ethiopian Employee’s Federation as of 2012/2013

No of Association Members of Org. in the Association

No of Members in the AssociationMale Female Total

12 128 227 72 299

- - 75.92 24.08 100.00

3.4 Collective Agreements

Collective agreement is exercised through matual discussion,understanding and negotiation between employers and workersrepresentatives. According to the Labour ProclamationNo.377/2003, collective agreement means an agreement, concludedin writing between one or more representative of trade unions andone or more employers or agents or representatives of employersorganizations.

Upon executing collective agreement, the two parties shouldsubmit sufficient copies to the Bureaus of Labour and SocialAffairs for legal registration. Detailed information of theregistered collective agreements by regional states and types ofownership is being revealed in the following tables.

3.3.1 Registered Collective Agreements by Region and Type of Ownership

Table 3.12 Distribution of Registered Collective Agreements by Regional States and Types of Ownership July 8/2012- July 7/2013

of 75

Region Types of Owner shipGovernment Private Public Others Total %

Tigray 3 21 - - 24 34.29Afar 1 4 - - 5 7.14Amhara 7 4 - - 11 15.71Oromia - - - - - -Somalia - 3 - - 3 4.29Benishangul Gumz 1 - - - 1 1.43SNNP 4 14 - - 18 25.71Gambella - - - - - -Harari - 6 - - 6 8.57Addis Ababa - - - - - -Dire Dawa 2 - - - 2 2.86Total 18 52 - - 70 100.00As we can see from the above table 3.11 the highest number of

collective agreement were registered in private establishments

which accounted for about 74.29% of the total. As far as the

regional distribution is concerned, among the 70 collective

agreements 24 (34.29%) were registered in Tigray regional state.

3.12 Registered Collective Agreements by Industry

Table 3.13 Number of Registered Collective Agreements by Major Industry, July 8/2012 - July 7/20 13Industrial

GroupRegistered Collective

Agreement No. of Workers Employees covered by Collective Agreements

Government Male Female Total %1 13 12,882 10,086 22,968 62.732 2 180 121 301 0.823 11 3,950 4,719 8,669 23.684 11 160 127 287 0.785 9 837 354 1,191 3.256 7 834 697 1,531 4.187 1 10 10 10 0.038 - - - - -

of 75

9 16 945 711 1,656 4.52Total 70 19,798 16,815 36,613 100.00

As seen in the above table 3.12 there were a total of 70

registered collective agreements during the budget year, and

36,613 (19,7798 male & 16,815 female) workers were served in the

collective agreements. From the same table we also see that

among the total employees in the collective agreement 62.73% were

in the Agricultural, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing. Industrial

sector where as 23.68% in the Manufacturing sector.

3.5 Labour DisputesLabour dispute means a controversy arising between a worker and

an employer or trade unions and employers in respect of

application of law, collective agreements, work rules, employment

contract or customary rules and also any disagreement arising

during collective bargaining or in connection with collective

agreements. The detail of the report can be shown as follows:

3.5.1 Registered Labour Disputes Settlement Machineries by Regional States

Table 3.14 Number of Labour Disputes settlements Machineries by Region, July 8/2012 - July 7/2013

Labour Disputes settlements Machineries

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Region Conciliator

Labour Relation Board

Labour Court Others Total Tigray 77 14 - - 91Afar 5 1 10 1 17Amhara 15 3 183 14 215Oromia - - - - -Somalia - - - - -Beenshangul Gumz

21 - 20 - 41

SNNP - 4 134 - 138Gambella 2 5 - - 7Harari 1 - - - 1Addis AbabaDire Dawa 1 1 1 - 3Total 122 28 348 15 513As indicated table 3.13 in above out of the total labour dispute settlement machineries 348 were labour courts, 122 conciliators and 28 labours relation board.

3.5.2 Regional Number of Labour Disputes Table 3.15 Distributions of Regional States Labour Disputes, July 8/2012- July 7/2013

Region No and Result of Labour DisputesComplai

nDropped Conciliation Decided Pending %

Tigray 3,084 35 2595 390 64 64.57Afar 144 - 123 21 - 3.02Amhara 136 12 62 58 4 2.85Oromia - - - - -

-Somalia 70 8 19 41 2 1.47Beenshangul Gumz

75 - 63 12 - 1.57

SNNP 766 168 409 167 22 16.04Gambella 124 11 54 59 - 2.60Harari 76 - 33 29 14 1.59Addis Ababa - - - - - -Dire Dawa 301 78 203 17 3 6.30Total 4,776 312 3561 794 109 100.00

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It appears from table 3.14 above ,out of total 4774 labour

disputes registered during the reference period 64.57

percent,16.04 percent and 6.30 percent were recorded from Tigray,

SNNP,and Dire Dawa city council in that order. The table further

reveals that out of the total labour disputes 3561 were settled

through conciliation, 794 cases were decided 312 were dropped and

109 cases were pending

3.6 Labour Inspection

4.5.1 Number of Inspectors by Regional States

Table 3.16 Distributions of Inspectors by Regional States, July 8/2012– July 7/2013

Region SexMale Female Total %

Tigray 34 29 63 35.20Afar - - -Amhara 33 8 41 22.91Oromia 43 3 46 25.70Somalia - - - -Beenshangul Gumz 2 0 2 1.12SNNP 16 9 25 13.97Gambella 1 - 1 0.55Harari 0 1 1 0.55Addis Ababa - - -Dire Dawa - - - -Total 129 50 179 100.00

As indicated in table 3.15 above, there were 179 labour

inspectors in all regional states during the budget year. The

highest number of inspectors 35.20% in Tigray Regional states

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followed by 25.70 % and 22.9%1 in Oromia and Amhara Regional

States respectively.

3.5.3 Distribution by Type of Inspection Service by Region

Table 3.17 Distribution of Type of Inspection Service and Type by

Regional States July 8/2012-July 7/2013

Region Primary

Inspecti

on

Follow

up

Inspecti

Complian

t

Inspecti

Incomple

te

inspecti

warnin

g

Work

Accidents

Investigat

Complia

nt

inspecti

Total %

Tigray 587 709 127 878 855 350 2 3508 20.56Afar - - - - - - - -Amhara 3,587 2,667 2 364 - - 43 6,663 39.06Oromia 846 768 440 312 16 - 5 2387 13.99Somalia 24 9 12 17 8 - - 70 0.41Beenshangul Gumz 30 11 25 5 - - 1 72 0.42SNNP 168 28 39 129 79 - 77 520 3.05Gambella 36 - 23 13 - - - 72 0.422Harari 33 33 1 1 - - - 68 0.40Addis Ababa 2,827 555 - - - - - 3,382 19.82Dire Dawa 48 20 172 36 36 1 5 318 1.87Total 8186 4800 841 1755 994 351 133 17,060 100.00% 47.98 28.14 4.93 10.29 5.83 2.06 0.78 100.00 100.00

A quick look at table 3.16 above, it reveals that a total 17,060

inspection service services accomplished in all regional states

that is 39.06% the highest were from Amhara regional States and

20.56% were carried out in Tigray regional states. With the same of 75

taken one can understand primary inspection and follow up

inspection constituted for 47.98 percent and 28.14 percent

respectively.

SECTION FOUR

4. Social Security

a.Ethiopian Public Service Pensioners by Region

Table 4.1 Distribution of Ethiopian Public Service Pensioners by Region (as reported June 2013

Region Number of Pensioners Monthly Amount ofBenefit (in Birr)

% of Benefit(in Birr)

Male Female UnSpecified

Total

Tigray 36,274 28,299 12,096 76,669 7,618,023.87 8.26

Afar 812 545 254 1,611 203,801.01 0.22

Amhara 64,028 51,920 32,493 148,441 16,818,246.44 18.23

Oromia 67,967 43,925 17,699 129,591 15,949,388.88 17.29

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Somali 1,564 1,208 462 3,234 350,811.23 0.38

Benishangul Gumuz 1,532 627 320 2,479 12,648.60 0.14

SNNP 29,906 16,180 8,684 54,770 6,431,622.56 6.97

Gambella 788 475 639 1,902 198,026.50 0.21Harari 5,024 4,966 1,107 11,097 1,449,392.42 1.57

Addis Ababa 79,194 67,622 46,072 192,888 40,729,235.61 44.15Dire Dawa 4,758 4,883 952 10,593 1,825,268.03 1.98

Un known Region 914 1,203 1,307 3,234 330,800.22 0.36Total 292,761 221,853 122,085 636,699 92,244,641.53 100.00

% 45.98 34.84 19.17 100

Source: Public Servants Social Security Agency.

According to table 4.1 above ,among the Ethiopian Pensioners from puplic civil Service

sector 44.15% ,the majority were failed in Addis Ababa city Administration followed by

18.23% and 17.29 % in Amhara and Oromia Regional States in that order.

4.1.2 Ethiopian Public Service Pensioners Country Total

Table 4.2 Distribution of Ethiopian Public Service Pensioners CountryTotal (as reported June 2013).

Sex Number of Pensioners Monthly amount of Benefits(in Birr)

Male 292,761(45.98) 68,505,237.08Female 221,853 (34.80) 20,581,257.82

Unspecified 122,085 (19.17) 3,158,146.63Total 636,699 (100.00)

92,244,641.53 Source: Public Servants Social Security Agency

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As table 4.2 above shows there were 636,699 Ethiopian Pensioners

(45.95% male and the remaning 34.80% female)from Public civil

Service sector as of June 2013.The table also indicate that a

total of Birr 92,244,641.53 was a monthly benefit for the

pensioners during the reference period.

4.1Private Sector Pension Scheme

Table4.3 Distribution of Private Organization Workers collected Social Security Fundin Birr July 8/2012-July 7/2013

No of Organizations No. of Employees Collected Social Security Fund

in Birr42,004 279,229

1,292,278,022.00It appears from table 5.3 above , there were 279,229 number

of employees who were registered in 42,004 private civil

services that a total of Birr 1, 292,278,022.00 were

contributed from private civil service employees as of July

2013 report.

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ANNEXES

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Annex 1: Definitions of Occupational and Industrial

Classifications

a) Definition of Occupational Classifications b) Definitions of Occupational classifications used in this

particular Bulletin are based on the EthiopianClassifications of Occupation (2008 ed.) as given below:

Occupational Code Definition1 Legislations, Senior Officials and Mangers

2 Professional

3 Technicians and Associate Professional

4 Clerks

5 Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers

6 Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers

7 Crafts and Related Workers

8 Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

9 Elementary Occupations

a) Definition of Industrial Classifications

b) Definitions of Industrial classifications used in this particular Bulletinare based on the International Standard Classification of allEconomic Activities (1968 Version) as given below:

Industrial Code Definition1 Agricultural, Hurting, Forestry and Fishing

2 Mining and Quarrying

3 Manufacturing

4 Electric city, Gas and Water Construction

5 Wholesale and Retail Trade

6 Transport, Storage and Communication

7 Finance, Insurance and Business Services

8 Community, Social and Personal Services

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9 Community, Social and Personal Services

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Ethiopian LMI 2012/2013

Documents

Transcript of Ethiopian LMI 2012/2013