Textiles Surveillance Body - World Trade Organization
74
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON RESTRICTED COM.TEX/SB/30 TARIFFS AND TRADE . 9 October 1974 Textiles Surveillance Body REPORT ON THE SIXTH MEETING HELD ON 25 -26 JULY 1974 1. The Textiles Surveillance Body (TSB) held its sixth meeting on 25-26 July at the Villa Le Bocage. 2. The TSB approved the report on its fifth meeting which was subsequently circulated to the Textiles Committee in document COM.TEX/SB/27. 3. The TSB continued the discussion on how equity in treatment could best be assured between a member of the TSB and a non-member when their countries were both involved in a dispute before it. Following its discussion the TSB adopted the guidelines set out in Annex I to this report regarding its internal procedure on this matter. The point was made that, partly because of ambiguity involved in the translation into French of the second sentence of paragraph 6(d), a doubt had arisen as to its consistency with the preceding sentence. It was confirmed, therefore, that the full participation of the member and spokesman in the deliberations and drafting referred to in the first sentence of this paragraph was not affected. 4. It was agreed that the views expressed by the parties involved in a dispute before the TSB should be recorded in an annex to its recommendation on the dispute in question. 5. The TSB proceeded to assess the justification for the maintenance of restrictions on textiles by Mexico on the basis of a memorandum submitted by the Mexican authorities in accordance with the procedure agreed to by the TSB for the case of Mexico which is not a contracting party to the GATT, but is a party to the Textiles Arrangement. A delegation from Mexico presented the case before the TSB, and gave the necessary details and clarification the TSB sought from them in this connexion. 6. In considering this case, the TSB bore in mind the standards that would be applied to developing countries which are contracting parties to the GATT. The TSB came to the conclusion that, on the basis of the information submitted to it by the Mexican authorities, Mexico was not required to terminate, at the present time, existing restrictions on textiles notified by it in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1. The assessment by the TSB, and the conclusions arrived at, together with the relevant documentation, are set out in Annex II (A to B) of this report.
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Transcript of Textiles Surveillance Body - World Trade Organization
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON RESTRICTEDCOM.TEX/SB/30
TARIFFS AND TRADE . 9 October 1974
Textiles Surveillance Body
REPORT ON THE SIXTH MEETING HELD ON 25 -26 JULY1974
1. The Textiles Surveillance Body (TSB) held its sixth meeting on 25-26 July at theVilla Le Bocage.
2. The TSB approved the report on its fifth meeting which was subsequentlycirculated to the Textiles Committee in document COM.TEX/SB/27.
3. The TSB continued the discussion on how equity in treatment could best beassured between a member of the TSB and a non-member when their countries were bothinvolved in a dispute before it. Following its discussion the TSB adopted theguidelines set out in Annex I to this report regarding its internal procedure onthis matter. The point was made that, partly because of ambiguity involved in thetranslation into French of the second sentence of paragraph 6(d), a doubt had arisenas to its consistency with the preceding sentence. It was confirmed, therefore, thatthe full participation of the member and spokesman in the deliberations and draftingreferred to in the first sentence of this paragraph was not affected.
4. It was agreed that the views expressed by the parties involved ina disputebefore the TSB should be recorded in an annex to its recommendation on the dispute inquestion.
5. The TSB proceeded to assess the justification for the maintenance of restrictionson textiles by Mexico on the basis of a memorandum submitted by the Mexicanauthorities in accordance with the procedure agreed to by the TSB for the case ofMexico which is not a contracting party to the GATT, but is a party to theTextiles Arrangement. A delegation from Mexico presented the case before the TSB,and gave the necessary details and clarification the TSB sought from them in thisconnexion.
6. In considering this case, the TSB bore in mind the standards that would beapplied to developing countries which are contracting parties to the GATT.The TSBcame to the conclusion that, on the basis of the information submitted to it by theMexican authorities, Mexico was not required to terminate, at the present time,existing restrictions on textiles notified by it in accordance with Article 2,paragraph 1. The assessment by the TSB, and the conclusions arrived at, togetherwith the relevant documentation, are set out in Annex II (A to B) of this report.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 2
7. The Mexican authorities exprossed their approciation to the TSB for itsexpeditious and efficiant consideration of the Mexican case, which, in the viewof the Mexican authorities, has placed Mexcio in a situation of equality withother developing countries which are contracting parties to GATT and parties totheArrangement Regarding International Trade in Textiles.
8. The TSB continued its review of the rotifications received from participatingcountries in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1, since its last meeting. TheTSB had also before it all the details received, or clarifications sought,fromcertain participating countries with regard to carlier notifications. In thecourse of the review of these notifications, further questions were put bymembers, and the secretariat was requested to seek the necessary information fromthe countries concerned.
9.Mr. Garrido reminded the TSB that his term as a member would come to anendon 31 July, and that Mr. Dinzl would occupy the tripartite seat for the period1 August to 30 September 1974.
10. It was agreed that the next meeting of the TSB would be held on Thursdayand Friday, 19 and 20 September and, if necessary, through Saturday,21 September 1974.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 3
EQUITY INTREATMENTBETWEEN i3MEMBE FOTF'HTSBAND A CWN' -B3MEME kWNETI-HE CMNUTRESI R
BOT Ha0-cVD IEN A DSPUIT BEEEFORIT
1. It is the viaw ef thaTeSB that in a- ndispute before it, its principal ainimsto saoeckonciliation and to us ites good offices for this purpose.
2. L Allmbars eof the 'STB reaffirmed the importance they attach to ensuringquality of totrment eto al plarties, and to impartiality in racheing conclusionson any dispute rfoerod teo th TSeP B;tAntieon was also drawn t thoe ned eforensuring that the representative balance of th TSeB was not distort.
3. Th TSB eaddrsso eitseelf to tha question of participation in its delibera-tions by parties involved in a dispute bforoeit, eparticularly wi hanaeof ethepartis conecrnü ehase a member on the TSB. The viw wasegnaale.y hald theat whna country has a mmber oen th TS3 ets Bcas shouled be presnta bey aenothernational of that country.
4. Certain viws woeeceFxprssed ien th TSB aes to how equity in treatment couldbast b assureed btwec ea mmeber oe the TfSB and a non-mmbowehen ertheir couxrionwere both involved in a dispute baorziet. Bearing ien mind the provisions of.ticlA 11(6),e the question was discussed as to whether or not the participationby th TSB meember concrna aned tehe representative of the non-member, shouldcontinue throughout the discussion up to, and including, the formulation anddrafting of the TSB recommendations.
5. Certain arguments wrûpros3nted eageainst the withdrawal, particularly of thmember, whn thoTSeB wasedrafting its rcommGdaetion.e It was mantiond,intr alia, teitmemberhas of th TSDh-ve esBponasiebiliti- vis-a-vis aiàparticipating countries in th .L:&menAr; thegey ear inia streong position tinfluence thir own autheorities and they must be considro objectievee.
6. In the light of the above, and following in±rmal consfultations with anumber of participating countris in th,Teextiles e ngementAr, the TSB has adoptedthe following ulalnes rgalarding itsegintna-lproc2dru:o:
(a) The member of th TSB whose coeuntry is party to a dispute ctr it shaibefnot present the case, but-nother sDka mznfrom, pthaet paarty should advocateit.
(b) The spokesman for both the country having a mmba on the TSeIaend the countBrynot having a mmbc thoron, eshoeuld be invited to presct thci casease fullye.Thy would baalleowc tc eemain preesenot throughout th T.'s discusseion Bupt, and includinog, the drating of th fco-nda-tehcnz
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 4
(c)At some stage in the discussion, the Chairman will have to determine thepoint at which final deliberation and drafting of the recommendations begin.
(d) The member and the two spokesmen may participate fully in the deliberationsand drafting of recommendations resulting therefrom. It is understood,however, that consensus within the Body on the form and content of suchrecommendations does not require the assent or concurrence of the concernedmember of the Body.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 5
ANNEX Il -A
ASSESSMENT BYTHE TSB OF THE JUSTIFICATION FOR THEMAINTENANCE OF RESTRICTIONS BY MEXCO
1. The TSE proceeded ta sasess the justification for the manitenance ofrestrictions on textiles by Mexico on the basis of the following documentsincluded in the Lnnexes t othis report.
(a) . memorandum submitted by HeXxco (.nnex II - B), as well as statisticalinformation attached threteo, in cacordance with the procedure agrede to bythe TSB (attached as nAnex Il - S);
(b) a statement by th ehead of the delegation of Mexico on 25 July before theTSB (.^nex II - C);
(c) the ensuin- discussion which took place on 25 July between the delegationof Mexico and the TSB, in the course of which certain questions wereraised, and in response complementary information and clarifications wreegivneby the Mexican dlegeation. Thes eare summarizde in LnnxeII - D.
2. The memorandum under (a) describes the situation in the textile sector, theoperation of the import licnesing system, th ejustification for the applicationof th esystem to th etxetil esector, and its non-discriminatory character andselective incidence. Th ememorandum also refers to the impracticability ofusnig alternative measures which would be consistent with the spirit of theGeneral ,gremeent. Data on production of, and trade in, the main groups oftextiles during th-e las- trgz eor f-or yaers, as well as other aneeral economicindicators, have also been supplied.
3. The TSB studi:d th edocumentary evidence submitted by the !exicanauthorities, and took note of the declaration and of th efurther informationgivneorally by th e1exican delegation. The case was considered with due regardto the standards that would be applied to devleopin gcountries which arecontracting parties t othe GTAT.
4. In conducting the examination, the TSB took into account the stage ofdveelopmnet of the Maxican economy and the contribution of the textile z3ctorto the GNP, and the general level of production nad employment in Ïe>xco. Itrecognized thatHow.cos' trade and develompnet needs vould have to be born einmind in any assessmnet of the justification for the restrictions maintained byit on imports of txetilse.
COM.TEX/SB/30 The TSB reiteratad that the foregoing related only to trade in textiles andwould not constituteany interpretation of the General Agreement,nor prejudice
inany way theprocadure to be followed were Mexico day to become acontrating party to the GATT.
6. The TSBappreciated the co-operation of the Mexican authorities insubmitting the necessary information, and the way in which they have presentedthe case before it.
CONCLUSIONS
A.-The TSB noted that the Mexican control system of imports was kept underconstant review with the objective that the controls would not remainindefinitely in force. The TSB noted, however, that a significant numberof textile items were restricted in various ways, and expressed the hopethat Mexico would soon find it possible to fully implement its objective.of trade liberalization, having regard to the fact that the basic objectivesstated in the Textiles Arrangement shall be to achieve the expansion oftrade, the reduction of barriers to such trade and the progressiveliberalization of world trade in textile products.
B. - The TSB came to the conclusion that Mexico was not required to terminate,at the present time, existing restrictions on textiles notified by it inaccordance with Article 2, paragraph 1.
C. - Th .TSB recommended that the Government of Mexico report before the endof 1975 on the evolution of the textiles industry, and on its relationshipto the restrictions then in affect.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 7
ANNEX II-B
MEMORANDUM SUBMITTED BYMEXICO ON THE MEXICONPOLICYOF IMPORTCONTROLS .ONTEXTILESAND CLOTHING
I. GENERAL
Mexico's import control policy today reflects not so much a purely protectionistinterest as an imminently prospective programme of industrial promotion as part of thenational economic development plan.
The characteristics, of the economy of Mexico, as a developing country, havenecessitated the application of measures for channelling financial resources towardsproductive imports, i.e. imports of capital goods, which in turn help to reduce luxuryor non-essential purchases abroad.
The establishment by the Mexican Government of the industrial production instrumentknown as "manufacturing programmes", designed, through a system of gradual importsubstitution, to increase the national industrial input little by little, demonstratesprecisely one of the aspects of development policy involving the imposition of importcontrols, since this provides protection in the initial phases for undertakings whichmanufacture articles previously imported.
In addition, the instrument itself provides sufficient data so that once theconditions of the market are known, appropriate steps can be taken to ensure thehealthy development of Mexico's industry in terms of productive efficiency, proper useof installed capacity, valued added, price differences, rationalization and promotion.
The import control policy and the manufacturing programmes policy complement eachother to form in turn part of a series of instruments for industrial developmentestablished by the Governmentof Mexico, such as the Law to Promote Mexican Investmentsand Regulate Foreign Investments, and the Law on Registration of the Transfer ofTechnology and the Use and Exploitation of Patents and Trade-Marks.
Side by side with the machinery for the advance licence requirement, there isanother basic instrument, used not only Mexico but throughout the world, namely thecustoms tariff, this being the means of applying the tariff policy of a countryfornulated in accordance with this objectives of industrial development, importsubstitution, domestic market supply, stability of the trade balance, and in generalwith theeconomic development plans and objectives of national interest.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Mexican legislation has dealt in an eminently broad and clear-cut fashionwith the establishment or modification of controls on the importation. of goodswhere such controls clearly reflect the national political and economic objectives.The current provisions on the subject are the following:
(a) Law on the functions of the Federal Executive in economicmatters (30-XII-1950).
(b) Decree authorizing the Secretariat for Industry and Trade to determinewhich goods should be subject to import and export licences (26-IV-1948).
(c) Regulations governing the issue of import licences for goods subjectto restrictions (28-IX-1956).
(d) Regulatory Law on the second paragraph of Article 131 of thePolitical Constitution of the United States of Mexico (5-1-1961).
It is perhaps important to point out that within the legal norms governingthe establishment, of import controls there are orders requiring the MexicanGovernment to undertake regular investigation, in particular on the followingpoints connected with Article. 5 of the Regulatory Law referred to under (d) above:
1. The general trends of production, prices, the need for import articles,currency in circulation, and institutional credits.
2. Conditions governing the financing of foreign trade.
3. The country's international payment capacity, and in particular the financialsituation of the Federal Government.
4. The structure, trends and prospects of the balance of payments.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 9
PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OFCONTROL ON IMPORTS OF MANUFACTURES
In general terms, the proposal to establish import controls implies thepromotion of national economic development, of which industrial development is aparticularly important aspect. To this end, control may be used: (a) brestricting imports; (b) by selecting the type of products to be imported;(c) by steering imports towards certain regions, and (d) by trying to meet thechanging demands of the market.
It may be pointed out that there are operative links between import controlsand manufacturing programmes which make it possible to manipulate the two instrumentsjointly with a view to carrying out the proposals they have in comon.
It should be mentioned that the controls are protectionist in character, butthey are designed to promote and develop a nascent industry on a sound footing.They are not conceived in a narrow sense with the idea or protecting individualundertakings regardless of the effects of such action at the national level.
Products coming under the regulations:
1. Imported products similar to those produced in the country and sold in Mexicoat prices lower than the prevailing consumer prices in the country of origin.
2. Imported products likewise manufactured in Mexico in acceptable conditions,quantities and quality but with a price differential of up to 25 per cent ascompared with the price applicable to the public in the place of origin, exceptwhere a greater differential is justified from the national point of view.
3. Product, under a manufacturing, programme which are authorized or approved inprinciple by the Secretariat.
4. Products intended for the Free Zones and Perimeters where the demand can bemet from national production in conditions of quantity, quality and price similarto those prevailing in the rest of the country, so that the conditions of supply canbe evened out
6. Products due to appear shortly on the market, in the case of producers whoseplants or expansion projects are in the course of installation and which complywith the conditions laid down by the Secretariat for Industry and Trade.
7. Primary commodities, components or materials produced in the country at acost enabling the finished products for which they are used to be sold at internationalprices.
COM. TEX/SB/30Page 10
8. Products which, even when there is a. deficit in domestic supply, entailsuch expense when imported that they have an adverse effect on Mexico's balanceof trade.
9. Products whose importation causes installed production capacity in thecountry to lie idle, provided that the beneficiary sector undertakes to make betteruse of the capacity in question.
10. Products for which there is a substitute in Mexico that can be manufacturedin similar conditions of supply to the international product.
Other more specific criteria governing the organization of import controlsare the following:
Administration and procedureThe specific rules applicable in administering import regulation are as
follows:1. Regulation applies exclusively to manufactured articles.
2. It is applied or withheld flexibly, on the basis of the following criteria:
(a) At the express request of national producers who consider that theycould work efficiently if they were given protection.
(b) With the backing of the official bodies which establish manufacturingprogrammes, where capacity to operate requires their application orliberalization.
(c) On the proposal of the Commissions or Committees set up to improve theconditions of production and supply of national products.
(d) On the proposal of producers of manufactures suitable for export.
3. The Secretariat for Industry and Trade determines the time-table and amountof imports with a view to correcting at any given moment any frictional or basicimbalance between supply and domestic demand.
4. Operational capacity has to be co-ordinated with the application of tariffsso as to prevent the one from hindering the other.
COM. TEX/SB/30Page 11
CONTROLS ON THE IMPORT OF TEXTILES AND CLOTHING
Tariff and non-tariff controls imposed by the Mexican Government on importsof textiles and clothing have a purpose similar to that affecting other articles;and here it must be pointed out that they likewise constitute mere instruments ofeconomic policy to stimulate the industrialization process in this area.
Mexico is a cotton-producing country and at the same time the main sector ofMexico's textile industry is concerned with the manufacture of cotton textile goods,but it still blacks an industry manufacturing textiles of artificial fibres,synthetic fibres and wool capable of fully supplying the domestic needs andproducing considerable surpluses for export.
Traditionally, Mexico has imported from abroad considerable quantities oftextile products which have invariably been more or less the equivalent of thetonnage exported. This situation on the one hand illustrates the limited natureof national production, and on the other calls for the gradual achievement of aframework favourable to industrialization, with import control as a supportingfactor.
Similarly, the products which were subjected to the requirement of priorauthorization before being imported are as a rule those for which nationalproduction is in its early stages, while at the same time there is a time elementwhich means that the control will not necessarily be in force indefinitely.Furthermore , as regards the tariff, there have been similar revisions of the tariffdesigned to reduce it so as to establish a climate of healthy development of thenational textile industry.
MachineryAs regards the machinery for the application of this policy, thee is a well-
defined co-ordination between the Federal Government and the production sectors,enabling the control measures and their operation to be enforced or waived. Thedirect controls forming part of the functions of the Secretariat for Industry andTrade are exercised through the action of Advisory Committees.
The Import Advisory Committees were set up in accordance with the Regulationsfor the issue of import licences for goods subject to restrictions, and they aremade up of representatives of the Secretariat forIndustry and Trade, which presidesover them, and representatives of other official hodies; and private institutionsand organs participate in an advisory capacity. These include importers andproducers.
CCM. TEX/SB/30Page 12
The members making up the existingCommittees have the capacity and knowledgeto give opinions on the matters under consideration, an effort being made to ensurethat the opinions given are fair andimpartial.
The functions of the Import Committees are as follows:
(a) To study and assess each import application submitted.
(b) Periodically to submit to the Secretariat for Industry and Tradesuggestions concerning import policies suitable for development in thebranches or groups with which each Committee is concerned, with dueregard to kindred matters in other branches.
The criteria generally required for the grant of import, licences are thefollowing:
I. The goods are not produced in the countrry and cannot be replaced by nationalproducts;
Il. Authorization is given for imports of goods similar to those of nationalorigin, in the light of their use and final destination;
III. The following criteria are also taken into consideration:
1. Prices. The national producer cannot selI the goods within thedifferential limit fixed at a reasonable level by the Secretariat for Industryand Trade, after consulting the sactors concerned.
2. Quality. The quality of the national product is not equal or similarto the import product; the import Advisory Committees then determine whether thenational product does or does not comply with the national or internationalstandards.
3. Delivery dates Ais a general rule, the delivery periods are fixedbetween the supplier and the national purchaser of the product in question, andin the event of problems arising, they are fixed by the Secretariat for Industryand Trade after hearing both interested parties, the following criteria beingborne in mind:
(a) Ordinary supply and demand for the product in question on the nationalmarket.
(b) The real needs of the user.
(c) The characteristics of production of the article in question, in otherwords, the question whether the article is mass-produced, procuced toorder, or whether its manufacture is highly specialized.
COM. TEX/SB/30Page 13
(d) The nature of the product, supply of the raw materials, parts andcomponents, both Mexican and foreign, the existing productioncapacity and its programming.
(e) The normal time required for delivery of the article in question,first of all within Mexico and in the country of origin, andsecondly, in a number of traditional supplier countries, in normalcircumstances.
(f) Existing stocks in the hands of manufacturers and distributors of theproduct in Mexico.
(g) The characteristics of the market (seasonal variations, increases orreductions in effective demand).
If the delivery dates fixed are not met, for unforeseeable reasons orthrough force majeure, the Secretariat for Industry and Trade may grant animport licence.
IV. Authorization is given for the importation of goods to undertakings whichhave previously obtained authorization for their manufacturing programme fromthe Secretariat for Industry and Trade in conformity with the stipulations ofthe same programme.
CONSIDERATIONS GOVERNING THE APPLICATION OFTHE SYSTEM OFA ANCE IMPORTLICENCESTOIMPORTSOFTEXTILESPRODUCTSOE Tr ZiPORTS OF Tl.-ddition te the considerations set furth yxplaining the Use oy the `MIeian
Government o? imortmcontrolsg as instruzents to u.de and promote the necessaryindustrial develoinent of the country, it is appropriate to indicate other reasonswhy such methods have been instituted in the textile manufacturing sector, in orderto mnae cleer, on the oae hanf, the importance o? thMt inaustry in the sexiceneconomy and, on the other, itsanresent situation sud the institutional supportmrequired for its i=ediate development.
In the m=.LPactering industry in Maxico, the textile sector (cotton, wool andartificial and synthetic fibres) has at present a predominant position: it takessecond place from the point of view of employment (225,000 workers), third placeas regards saeJries and wages (9,700 million pesos) and fourth place as regardsthe value nf its arooduction asd mhe emunt of investrent (21,500 million and28,000 million pesos respectively).
From 1971 to 1972 the textile sector had a growth rate of 10.1 per cent, butfron 1972 to 1973 it fell fo 8 per cent. The ?act that the volume of productiondecrec.sed is due to the scaacity of raw meteriels which occurred during the latteryear, although in sectors such as that of cotton textiles there were increases inproduwtion wnd exports, vhîch vas exceptional, in the general conditions of theworld economy.
The process of investment in the textile industry and the technical progresswhich resultedmref'lect thy Governaents police, which aims at consolidating theimprovement and ncdernization of equipment through measurls ff direct contro' o?ipooats, which shows thet it is not in fnct aiming at the irdiscriminate prohibitionof the entry intoufhe country of mano'actured articles -r capital goods.
Investments, of which the annual growth rate was 9.8 per cent between 1969and 1973 aud which amounted on average to 2,175 million pesos annually, made itrossibl to increase production equipment from 2.8 million spindles to 3.1 millionlu973 -zd from 71>,00 looms in the first year to 75,500 in the second. Further,the degree ofamodernization hcs consideranly increased. lu 1973 the cotton textilesector wam 75e7 per cent nodernized, that of artificial and synthetic fibres84.2 per cent and that of woollen textiles 67.5 per cent.
It should be emphasizeM here that, in 1exico, the cotton mindustry is the ostimportant because it hasf77.6 per cent n the spindnes il service aud 65.7 per centof the looms installed in the whole of the textile sector.
COM. TEX/SB/30Page 15
Imports of textile machines, equipment and spare parts amounted in 1973to 1,378.4 million pesos. For the period 1969-973, their average annual valuewas l,223 million pesos. The main countries supplying Mexico are the FederalRepublic of Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Switzerland,France, Italy and Japan.
As for exports of textile products,. there was a substantial increase from1971 to 1973, rising from 20,000 tons with a value of 323 million pesos in thefirst of those years to 53,000 tons and a value of 1,858 million pesos in thesecond year. On the other hand, Mexican imports of those articles went from24,000 tons with a value of 427. million pesos in 1971 to 20,000 tons with avalue of 983.5 million pesos in 19730. Those figures show that the foreign tradein textiles reflects the theefforts made by the national industry to penetrateinternational markets, on the one hand, and the requirements of the domesticmarket in respect of foreign products on the other, which would not be at allpossible if the direct import control measures applied by the Mexican Governmentwere not sufficiently flexible to allow of what is required by tha industrialand trade activity of the country. Before 1971, for example, the relationshipbetween the imports and exports of textile products was negative for Mexico.In 1969, imports amounted to 397 million pesos and exports to 211 million pesosonly, as compared with 510 million pesos for imports and 221 million pesos forexports in 1970.
The bulk of the imports are to be ascribed mainly to the artificial and,synthetic fibre textiles sector, in which one can say that Mexico is only startingto develop its industry. In 1973 alone, Mexico imported 17,367 tons of thosearticles, of which the value was 872 million pesos. The main supplying countriesare the united States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany,Canada, Switzerland, France and Japan.
Further, it should be noted that in Mexco the cotton sector., is the mainexporter of manufactured acticles, and that the latter, since the application ofthe former long-term GATT Agreement on the International Trade in Cotton Textiles,have invariably been subject to restrictions on entry into the large consumermarkets.
However, as our country is a natural producer of cotton fibres and as itpossesses an industry which has courageously endeavoured to modernize itself inorder to raise its productivity and improve the quality of its products withoutexposing itself to the serious consequences which would have resulted from anyshift in the work force, we have been able to maintain the rhythm of our exports,mainly since 1970, a year in which they reached 9,639 tons with a value of147 million pesos, attaining in 1972 19,455 tons with a value of 370 million pesos.We consider that 1973 was an exceptional year, and that such a short-term economicsituation is unlikely to occur again. On the contrary, it can be stated atpresent that international demand is in. a phase of stagnation and that consequentlyprices are following a downward trend. During: 1973, Mexico succeeded in exporting38,837 tons of cotten textiles, with a value of 1,055 million pesos (yarn andfabrics as production factors for the industries of the importing countries).
As regards the wool industry, Mexico has no large-scale undertaking. Ourcountry does not produce wool and consequently has to import large quantitiesof that fibre. But such consumption has tended to decrease in recent years.. In1971, apparent consumption amonted to 13,600 tons, in 1972 to 11,134 and in..973 to 10,258. That development is largely to be explained by the insufficiencyof world supplies and by the considerable rise in prices which had increased300 per cent since 1972.
As regards the part played by the system of advance import licences in thedevelopment of the Mexican textile industry, it is clear that our country isengaged in a process of immediate economic development based mainly on policiesof supporting agricultural and industrial activities and on measures of aneconomic character aimed at facilitating that development.
That is why it has been necessary to examine their problems and togivethe guidance and adopt the measures of promotion which were suitable,
ln the case of the textile industry, the three component sectors - cotton,artificial and synthetic fibres and wool - have similar problems in variousrespects.
In the first place, it must be made clear that the existence of our industrydepends on the constant importation of capital goods, as Miexico does not yetpossess an industry producing the machines and equipment which it needs.
Import control measures thus make it possible to determine the importanceof the various requirements and to guide investments. Similarly, in so far asthe textile production sectors tend to consolidate their structures with theaim of ensuring that domestic supply is adequate to cover home demand and makeit possible to reach foreign markets, which certainly does not make up forimports of capital goods, it is essential to avoid the iisorganization from whichproduction at the present stage would suffer if there were to be uncontrolledimports of competitive articles; so that the control measures in questionconstitute an effective means of prudently admitting such of those articles ascreate a healthy competition and stimulate an improvement of productivity.
They are also necessary not only because they meet the desire to baseinternal developments on indigenous factors, but also because they sometimeslimit the growth of trade imbalances which, in the case of textile products, arestill very obvious in respect of our exports.
TheMexicantextile industry, including the clothing industry, is situatedin thickly populated areas: the Federal District, Puebla, Jalisco,Nuevo Leon, and the State of Mexico. The rates of employment are at presentquite considerable: 310,000 workers and employees, that is to say nearly15 per cent. of the total labour force employed in the processing industry work
CO. TEX/SB/30Page 17
in that sector, which means that more than a million persons draw theirlivelihood from those activities. The irrational dismantling of these directimport control measures would resuIt in the immediate closing-down of manyundertakings which are still in a phase of structuration and consolidation, andalso of those which, having only limited capital, have not succeeded in reachinga level where production becomes efficient.
Furthermore, as is well known, Mexico has a frontier of 2,000 kilometreswith the United States. It is natural that the economic potential of thatnation should in many ways have an influence on the economic life of our country.A high proportion of Mexican trade is geared to the United States market:65 per cent of exports and 60 per cent of imports. .All those factors mean thatif we wish to promote our industrial development, including that of the textilessector, we must undertake the task of ordering and controlling the compositionand the level of imports.
It must be emphasized that Mexico does not apply the system in question ina discriminatory fashion in respect of any country. The heads of Mexican firmsin fact turn freely to there markets which are the most advantageous, both forimports and exports.
It should be repeated that the import licences are granted or refused inaccordance with the objectives mentioned above which have been fixedessentially with the object of guiding and promoting the industrialization ofthe country.
Up to the present, experience of the policy followed as regards directcontrol of imports shows that it has been effective at this stage of our processof development and, further, as at present applied, it offers the possibilityof taking rapidly, with all necessary flexibility, the necessary decisionsconcerning the problems resulting from the relationship between imports and thedomestic industrial process. The replacement of that means by other indirectmeans would certainly give a truly rigid character to imports, and wouldnaturally result in a really restrictive policy.
TRADE
BALACE
OFMEXICODURING
THE
PERIOD/
1970
-19
73
YEAR/
ANNE
XMi
llio
nUS
$/Million
Pesos/
Million
US$/
Mill
ion
peso
sMi
llon
.de$KU
Millions
depes
osMi
llio
nde
$U
Millions
depe
sos
1970
2,326
29,075.0
1,28I
1,005
2,25
423,173.0
1,36
317,037.5
1972
2,718
33,9
75.
01,
665
20,812.5
1973
3,840
48,000.0
2,084
26;650.0
/.14
rIfoeo
M*lIlUn11l1lv,
dg;.u
aa
_; ,0s5--
13,062.5
_Se
1_
11,137.5
_1,
053
-13
,162
.5
-1,)56
_21,i5O.0
sow4
cx,
-1-irco
'r,.
'hîc,
S.A.
nirLU:la
deIr
atuo
ria
yeCaaerc:n.-
Diie
cci6
nbd
norâ
toe
Ixid
sstl
as.-
Su!xjietci6n
deVes
îidt:t
rDea
rmenox
tdey
d&*c
-t.j
C.-f
Vpai
tnâ.e
xtie
yZonEecc1ors
T.oL
jlcs
--
CU<-
oy
calzado.
COM.TEX/SB/30.Page 19
VALUE OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE TEXTILE. CLOTHING AND SHOE INDUSTRIES COMPAREDWITH.THEVALUE OF THE GROSS NATIONALPRODUCTAT MARKETPRICES/VALEURDE LA PRODUCTION DES INDUSTRIES TEXTILES .DE L 'HABILLEMENT ET DE LA CHAUSSURE
PAR RAPPORT A A VALEUR DU PRODUITINTERlEUR BRUT AUX PRIX DU MARCHE
MILLION CURRENT PESOS/MILLIONS DE PESOS COURANTS
YEARS GROSS NATIONAL MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE, ARTICLES OF CLOTHING,PRODUCT/PRODUIT LEATHER AND SHOES/FABRICATION DE TEXTILES, B/A
ANNEES INTERIEUR BRUT ARTICLES D' HABILLEMENT, CUIR ET CHAUSSURES
(A) (B)
1960 150,511 5,434 3.61961 163,265 5,580 3.41962 176,030 6,104 3.51963 195,983 6,491 3.51964 231,370 8,194 3.51965 232,023 10,381 4.11966 280,090 10,921 3.91967 306,317 14,430 4.71968 339,145 16,489 4.91969 374,000 19, 936 5.31970 418,700 23,878 5.71971 1/ 455 400 28,465 6.2
1/Preliminary figures/Chiffres préliminaiares
Source: Banco de México, S. A. - Informe Anual 1972.
Secretaria de Industria y Comercio.- Direccion General de Industrias Subdireccion de laIndustria Textil y del Vestido.- Departamento de Prendas y Confecciones Textiles, Cuero
Pesos 12.50-$1.00 US/Pesos 12,50-$1.00C RU
y Calzz,
.:`,7S1L5
t0lm
CLOTHING1mTR1FS
INRELATIONTO
THE
VALU
EOF
THEGROSSPR
ODUC
TIONOFTHE
TEXTIL
ES5lIWD"SUluF.
DUTEXTILE,
DELA
CHAUSS
URUET
DUVETEMUT
PAR
RAPPORT
AL18"*
DEt
Un
cToa
BMIT1
15
INDUSTRIESDE
TRANSFORMATION
NiLtLI"
WS',eILIfl
EAIRS/
YEAR
S
i!K
Itmim
/INDUSTRIES
DETRANSFORMATION
I
1950
1951
j/
1360
1965
1970
19,1
23
29,799
49,152
116,
467
203,453
i t/
tu)
2,439
3,457
4,,9
079,
Q1
14,0
74
SOURCEs
AgisdaeEutadîItiCáa
de
Nala
on-maraacial
-datoande
los
usIt
sos
Indatriales.
Sedrf3t
fe
ldustrCome
ie.arclo.-
ncde6a>
tidlsa
In1u
tria
eTex
tily
del
fescioxd3
Te.tiles.
Cuoro
ydCalzaio.
12.8
11.6
10.0 8.4
6.9
SSOE
ATHINGOUIM
IJtA
iljT
#T/
DE
Hra
AREUSSUli
EtTEMENTER«N
(C)
777
1,075
4,164
0,3`2
c/A
4.1
3.6
3.0
}.6
3.1
1ena
sidu
3tri
aTe
e,ti
l,cos
ba-e
en
los
-'
Diró
cci6
neGe
nral
(le
sndu
atri
ïS.-
l3ub
li--
Vestidoe-
D3pm
rta:
ento
dend
rsiy
aCon
cr.-
-
TEi
,&&t
lik-
Ittell
GENE
RAL
CHAR
ACTE
RIST
ICS
OFTHEMEXICAN
TEXT
ILE
INDUSTRY/
CARA
CTER
STOQ
UES
GENERALS
DEL'
INDUSTRI
ETEXTILEMAXICAINEISILAL
GUL
ROWT
HRATE/
1973
TAUX
DECR
OISS
ANCE
ANNUEL
capital
invested/Capitaux
invsstiu
<million
peso
s/mi
llio
nsde
peso
s)Production
tns/
tonn
es)
mill
ion
pemi
s/17
llio
nsde
peso
s)orts/Importations
Tons
/tIo
nnes
)million
peso
s/mi
llio
nsde
peso
s)Exports/Exportations
(tons/tonnes)
*mnllîion
peso
s/mi
llio
nsde
pesos
)In
stal
lied
capa
city
/Ca
paci
tyinstallée
Spin
dles
(units)/
Broches
unitsé)
Looms
(unisd/Métiers
àti
sser
(unités)
mnpo
rts
ofte
xtil
emachines,
part
san
dspare
part
s/Im
por-
tati
ons
dema
chin
estextiles,
parties
etpieces
détachées
mllion
pesosmiillions
depe
sos)
Staffem
ploy
ed(mïployecs
and
vokl
esL/
ers-
nonn
elem
ploy
é(employés
etou
vrie
rs)
Vage
sof
star
employed/
Salaires
dupersonnelemploy
(million
pso/msillions
depe
sos
19,3
00
234,
484
13,7
00
11,061 397
62,125 326.
4
21,1
00
234,550
15,3
00
13,5
34 510
60,329 303.
0
23,200
249,168
17,1
00
13,720 612
82,1
60 453.0
2,86
5,86
82,9
29,0
103,000,602
71,488
73,458
74,411
974
185,0
00
6,100
1,04
9
195,
000
6,90
0
1,73
2
204,
000
7,700
25,500
261,018
19,200
15,7
72 753
28,000
286,
224
21,500
18,776 926
104,582
133,623
694.1
1,505.9
3,02
4,82
23,094,462
74,6
1675
,462
981
1,37
8
214,
000
8,600
225,
000
9.70
0
Indu
stri
edes
textiles
enfi
bres
douc
es.
**Estismate/Estimations
Sources
Memo
ria
Estadístlca
dela
Càmara
Nacional
dela
Industria
Textil.
HEAD
INGl
)mo/
IUURIQIE
1969
1970
1971
1972
9.8
5.1
12.0
14.1
04.c
22.1
53.1 1.9
1.4
17.5 5.0
12.3
9x
---
--
-.
--
&1UU
lTIU
Mm"
uTA
RNANDFABRICS/-
PROD
UCTI
ONETEXPO
RTAT
IONSDE
ETDE
TISSUSDECOTTON
Year
/TARN/
FABRICS/TISSUS
Anne
ePr
oduc
tion
/Ex
port
s/Pr
oduc
tion
/Ex
port
s/Pr
oduc
tion
Expo
rtat
ions
Production
Exportations
1968
1969
1970
1972
1973
163,
795
167,
659
152,446
150,
579
151,260
163,
003
5,856
5,00
5
14,6
56
2.9
3.5
3.3
4.0
5.3
9.0
148,
662
151,
257
137
,842
135,
131
133,
766138,
363
1,641
3,72
1
5,657
9,885
SOURCE
:Se
cret
aria
deIn
dust
riay
Comarcio.-
Dirección
Genéyalde
industrias.-
Subd
irec
ción
-
de
lalndustriaTextil
ydel
Vest
ido.
-De
parm
ento
de
Prendas
yCo
nfec
cion
esTexti-
les,
Cuero
yCa
lzad
o.
COM.TE
X/SB/3
0Page22
,
113 2.4
2.7
4.2
7.4
1.,9
PRIDUCTIONOFARTIFICIAL
ANDSYN
THETIC
l.'rlC
PlNlI{F.7
IONDE
FIBRRS
ARTI
FICI
ALES
ETSYNTHU
èGlEL.
t1/.s
Et
Inrrean-,:
,Ine
Xex-.v
/Ezbr
.r:l
«e.J
l-ler.z.e;.
\c;rl:
e~~~~~
~~~-,-
.,acnict
SeRrj;,t*Sa'^^,#'Atg-ittlX
Aui.
mon
it:r
tlitXll=
Auua>So
rc-s:-
:.>o
k..l
t;ri
arfi
-ivA
ccta
tefi
tat
"laS
>lii-
<.
I,
"I-
flrrui
|lC:8
23S5
+-1-'
60183Ot}
-3.8
162
8Z75
+69.)
+49.9
623
&3
!99
5281
J~î.v
+10.
3£73,
64;
7J4-
16213
Z-1_+6.1..~L8+.9b
75+74-94
1CI
I!
4-<4'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r257'
575
^.1I
,832
1.
R-;9
7r
21.9
lf
i-'-
w-
1
1308
116
38'E
+5(
039
1989
3+
3.7
926
-6
1&7t+S.2
i9
1602
15+
.1
41<
151
2-
823
P7+
2-2
497io
161A.1
4'i
?1360
000,
00.62
+2l
o700
00CL.
t618I
O773I+
19.1
6OO>0
+0.4.
XC.^.o
..!/!n
eIci*t
inros-
ansi
-'us
esrco.îsert,
slesrt
fbr
esand
br-.i<Congrend
les
flbr
eseondAnuez,
let
fibrnr.COurter
etJI'
eftlrez
trP5
ris1
ltan
tcs.
-Su
bdir
ecci
onri
-ide
.tnc
usri
ayco
riec
io.-
Vlseccj.d
C;c:
ralfienLr1bs._
:bdireclte
tria
Text
ely
delVe:ido.-
Departamentu
del'ibra3y
Telai.
0a NCa N1
National Production/Productionnationale
54481
61 980
78 95198 422
120 .427
144 676
(tons/tonnes)Apparent
Exportations Conscomationapperante
3 2144 61 464
2 704. 77 9405 371 94 151
4 000 146 678
1/Includes fibre for textile and industrial c../Comprend les fibres à usage textile etlndustriel.
2/Figures for 1968/1972 taken fromthe Foreign Trade Statistical Yearbook./Chiffresde 1968/I972extraits de l'Annuairestatistique du commerce exterieur.3/Figureestimated on the basis of Iicence graned from a to October for theimportation of artificial and synthetic fibres/ Chiffre estimesur la base des licence
accordées de Javier à October pour l'importation de fibres artificialleset synthetiques.* PS44re estimated onthe basis of certain undertakingentered into abroad by theproducers or articiel and synthetic fibres./Chiffre cetii sur labase de certains engagementsconclus à l'etranger par les produetaurs de fibres artificielles et synthetiques
Page24s>3é~ ~~. . ZCbtcm -:.: 0 I~rMC,1 ateEh = .. 4 . '
Year/.=sc
1968cS
197172t ....J.1. rfz
1973
1 1zz
. 693
1 100
3 &77
3/000 w"
._ R .___
STAT
ISTI
CAL
DATA
FORTH
ECL
OTHI
NGIN
DUST
RY/
DONNEES
STATISTIQUES
DEL'INDUSTRIE
NIVE
FUMa
~.
1965&
1970
PROC
ESSI
NGIN
DUST
RY/I
NDUS
TRIE
DETRANSFORMATION
(a)
1965
1970
VARIATION
%
uocs
amw/
usEJ
lSw
MEMZU
tB)
1965
1970
v'iifinD
r a
number
ofimdartakir./
nombre
d'e
ntre
pris
es
ztri
oupl
oied
/Pe
rno"
A.l*S
lop6
staf
wage
stillten
PEsos
ISa
lirn
edu
pers
onne
lmi
lion
sde
peSO
S>Ca
pita
lIn
vost
udmiliono
esos
)/Cepiteux
imec
tis
lmil
iosm
depoeso)
Grogs
prod
ucti
on<million
esas
>,pr
oduo
tion
brut
eim
ilio
nsde
psosJ|
13'-,0
1840
1'34
3951
0163
9,5r
9
12,1
14.9
i1,831.1
92,30
3.3
146,
509.
1
116,467.1
203,
458.
1
-12.1
s,681
22.0
-63
,099
75.7
500.
3
58.7
1,48
7.5
74.7
2,56
3.9
VIII
Cj1so
Indu
stri
aln3
o6lSec3bta
ía96.-e<:re'
rrfde
t*.di3tic.
s970
,-.I
ndus
tria
l1r
îD<
si.l
reli
mina
res.
Pa3i
coE
cîo.
-óD
iree
ni.n
lGc
iera
Esta
díst
ica.
î.Xl
tic
Induutaie
yo.o
:Drc
ici-
ó'iG
eoer
a;CaE:a1
dels
-
Prel
imin
ares
.aíecret'rda
deIniustria
yCo
mer-
RUBRIQUE3JIiA10U
a/A
1935
i970
-3.6
27.5
77.8
4.7
4.7
9,3_
3
83, 4
48 784.
3
2,0£4.1
3745
.3
5m.E
2.8
2.3
40.1
46.1
11.6
.4
2.2
1.8
TEX./SB/30. age25p
____---------
--
-----
IMPORT
SOF
TEXTlLEM
ACHINE
RY,PA
RTSA
NDSPA
RESPA
RTS
INTHE
PERI
OD19:4-19l3t,
O
Unit
s/Un
ités
Value
enpenos/Valeur
enpeaos
Years/
valu
e/Arulfieo
Machinery/
Spareparts/
Machinery/
SpareParts
/Value
Mach
ines-pièces
détachées
Mach
ines
piècesdétaches.
1964
12039
192
38644
538
990
773
691
716
432
490
618
168
1965
1914
424
429
505
1791
200839
0038
333
709
156
4176
1966
1224
428
757
9819
541
424
521
166
207
912
709
612
433
1967
1025
632
0681
881
465
850
341
9046
7001
576
317
942
1968
28627
216
389055
597
982
024
84477
585
682
459
609
1969
3006
740
652
440
834
380
177
139
592
792
973
972
969
1970
5318
225
9817
407
69928
855
150
242
317
104
9481
172
1911
3629
8180
529
969
1540
727
760
191
458
113
2186
159
1972
2717
016
974
914
7.8
08921
260
171
881
926
980
803
186
1973
3233
020900
802
4113761
859
4240
801
590
137
842
0184
IMPORTSOF
TEXT
ILE
MACHINERY
FORTHE
YEAR
1972
BYMAIN
SUPPLYlNGCOUNTRIES/
lMPO
RTAT
IONS
DEMACHINES
TEXTILES
FOUR
L'fJUr
1972
SELO
RLES
PRlN
CIPA
UXPA
YSFO
URNI
SSEE
RS
volume
(kg)
Part.Rep
.of,Germany/
Rep.
fed.
dAl
lowa
nce
Dem.Dep.
ofGe
rman
yRé
p.dem.
alla
mand
eo
Czec
hosl
ovak
ia/Tchécoslovaqula
Spain/Epague
United
Stat
es./
Etat
s-Un
isFi
nlan
d/Fi
nlan
deFr
ance
Neth
erla
nds/
pays
-Bas
PoIand/poIogne.
Unit
edKi
ngdo
m/lo
iat-
Uni
Sweden/Swède
Swit
zerI
and/
Suis
se
Totals/Totaux
533
7638 63853
508631
413897
1717455
1471921
142
39611191131
383056 248
424
285
7271 96052
230
1 361
Value/
Valeur
(peaes
)
38 53 33 97 24 55 02 21 31 56 24 71 52 61
396 5 il 11 51 1-12 91 77 50 21 3
266 2
loi
1921
178
1
91 44 39 11 93 56 91 89 07 91 72 83 33 79 94
%et
tota
lva
lui/
%de
lavaleuro
tota
..
49 48 02 90 09 53 95 23 56 97 07 2' 26 48 24
1249
180
252.
31.5 .4 .5 1t 4. 9.3
1.0
7.3
6.1
4.0
1.2
3.1
21.3 9.2
100.0
a'
'Sec
reta
rlade
Indu
strU
ay
Cowk
rcio
..DSOURCE:'n
Gene
rilde
rsta
disi
tcae
-me
uari
oE5ta6fsóiico
. aiEdel.
Comercio
Exte
rIor
delo
wrsta8o
Unldos
Ilxicanosi
ds
iM
M
|aríateAf8
deIn
Oust
riam
yCc
nmer
eio.
-Di
óecc
i6n
Gene
raln
deladustrias.-
Subd
ióec
cidn
dela
-lri#uTexHa
ext
ily
del
Vest
ido.
a-DmprtauentM
de?a
quln
Teia
1ixtil,vdelVe
atid
oy
dalaa4o.
l
NUMBER
OFMO
DERN
ROOM
SUS
EDIN
THECO
TTON
TEXTILE
INDUSTRY/
NOMBRE
DEMETIERS
TISS
ERHOD
ERNES
UTILISESDANS
L'INDUSTRIETE
XTIL
EDU
COTO
N
loOn
B/Mé
tler
aàtuizer
..---.-
--(unites/unités).
Auto
mati
c/Automatiques
Non-
auto
mati
c/Nonau
toma
tiqu
esModernization/
Hétier
amo
deno
s
1963
1961
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1912
40
743
41934
45
200
45579
46678
48199
49070
49
446
49.-
.570
1973
.49664
24000
16
143
28
516
13418
32453
33.469
3393
034
568
3608
936
960
37336
2747
12
110
12
110
1211
012
110
37460
1211
0
3749
4..
-.42
-10
59.0
68.0
71.8
-3.4
..73.?
74.1
74.9
75.3
75.5
75.6
75.7-
...-
.
Y-UR/
&MINE
Total
:..s
(i
o
tq
.
--i_s
NUMB
EROF
MODERN
LOOMSUS
EDIN
THE
ARTI
FICI
ALANDSY
NTHE
TICFIBREIN
DUST
RY/
NOMB
REDE
METIERS
ATI
SSER
MODERNES
UTIL
ISES
DANS
L'IN
DUST
RIE
DES
FIBRES
ARTIFICIELLES
ETSYNTHETIQUES
Loom
a(units)/Métiers
àtisser
(unités)
Modernization
_-Yv
Total
Autmatic/
Non-automatic/
Meti
ers
Autmatiques
Nonautomatiques
moderns ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
_4___.X _-___D_12
320
34
.
1505
715
804
f6202
46841
1483
17943
1840
718
A85
18817
A150
386
.1
349
8349
83498
..3498
349
8349
83498.
349
8.
3498
81.9
82.2
8208
83.7
84.0
84,1
84.2
830Po PlD
.Yea
r/An
née
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 4972
1973
16470
1761
718
739
19302
19700
20339
2098
121
441
2190
521
983
22315
74.8
780
368
280.4
NUMB
EROF
MODE
RNLO
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USED
INTHE
WOOL
TEXT
ILE
INDU
SZTR
Y/NOMBREDEMET
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UTILISESL'INDUSTRIE
TEXTILEDELALAINE
..*.
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....
.'C.
t-.
---
t-..-N
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(Uni
ts)/
léti
ers
àtisser
(Unités)
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----'J-
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ati
c
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u5tt
CAu
toma
tiqu
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--
ion
.4t-t.
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-....
.-
-t-.
t--4-
Métiors,
automaiques
nodYnes
726
849
...980
109
41197
125
31
306
1945
2058
061..
2075
1057
105
7*
s
1054
1OC2
1002
100
2002
1002
1002
1002
1002
40.7
44 48 52.2
54.4
55.6
56.6
66.0
67.2
67le
6705
Year
s/Années
Toa7l.
-
Tota
l
o a. P
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1qio
1971
1972
1973
1783
196
52
034
2096
2199
2255
230
82
947
3060
306
3307
7
-----
1--
-iMo
dern
l-
.---0-
--.
MEXICA
NEX
PORT
SOFTE
XTIL
EPRO
DUCTS
1975
/
netpe
au.
ARTIFICIAL
ANDSY
NTHE
TIC
FIBR
ES/
FIBRES
ARTI
FICI
ELLS
ET.SY
NTHETI
QUIES
Valu
e/Va
luer
Volu
meVa
lue/
Vale
urVo
lume
Volume
/Valeu
r
Fed.
Rep.
ofGermany/
114.at
iiqî.
I1rjI.l
Caneda
El33
1¶lv
lr!
>ralce
Jîpa
r/L.
@pîq
tols/U
FJsl
648,
*:0
..8c2'-
39,7.7
2'159,h,5
a53,
8e7
5'(0
,C19
71'
S,6575
3PE?
9,31
332
0,52
951*_2,
'3
17'14
,759
7''06i,119
il783,.-7
l1'7
62,'
V"41
0'36B,::7
28'
23ci(>,G
150'61
<n;
31'705,69;
92'8,7
,849
9'03
7,GO
)!.i'
S!3
4G;
60, .
1L7,-':
467,
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8'17
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1.5,483
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261
30,5
237
7,35
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2,3
012
I1'357,93
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2
?.1'6
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51'2C4,203
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93,9
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628
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307,
_'167,
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3'531,
643
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2'431,9
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1,70
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65,9
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11
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1' 270,113
033,587
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93'956,138
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To
SL
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33,
682
SOURft:
OP>0 4 kA r
é(4#hrRt/P$YS
PLvlritdJIMPORTS
OFUX
PRODUCTS
IN1971/
lMPO
RTAT
IONS
Iffl
LnTN
ESus
PRODUITS
TEXTILI
lui197
3
Kilo
gram
esand
pesoa/Kilogrames
utsa
Ped.
Rep.
ofGermany/
Rép.
ôddAllemagno
9,638
Canada
131
Spain/Espagne
.'
United
Stat
es/
1'75
0,26
3Et
atz-
Unis
France
4,587
Italy/Itallic
Japan/Japon
Unit
edKi
ngdo
m/13
Royaune-Uni
Switzerland/Suisse
Others/Autres
93,8232
Total
mpo>rsu/
Impo
rtai
Ions
toti
tsa
'932'922V
Imports
fiereztones
ndpe
rime
ters
/Imp
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1'79
7,93
2Ut
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Ordinary
lmpo
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124,990
lmpo
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ions
ordinaires
1/In
cIud
ing
siIk
texitile
products/Ycom
prislosproduitstextilesan
sole.
COTTON
/COTON
ARTI
FICI
ALAND
.SYNTHETIC
lAtI
S_______________
FIBRESAR
TlFI
ClEL
ESETSYNTHETIQUES
Value/Valuer
Volu
mevaIue/valeur
7k.,~Ï332
14,796
55'731,
090
1'3
17,2
861'472,532.
51,828
800,
032
'216,
065
7'087,968
69'2
36,5
35
61'03,)249
8'246,
287
235,
983
3J-
:
1g4-,
.),I
LI.11 016'
Z98016
1l543,05<
,57
415
9
,821Isai
5',852iE5£
6,747?&
:3'013,2I6
MXLVAINK3/
melua..
vae/
vual
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'9;557 36 2Z5
51,217
294j4
40037
1,754
023.
C
8,56'7
'96p,141
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18,8
7j3
?'183,96$
E535
56
'2739,915
,54,
907
6G1,093
1'319,70
494,75
410
4,69
7
871'655,
140547,436
42'514,4
40
13'125,241
4'241,716
681,413,746
466,
083
190'244,394
811,
353
TOTAL
Volume
Valu
e/Va
Ieur
225,17
8116
,710
52,727
76,382
60,545
133,49
6
42,5
14,4
4019'
837,31
5
27'679,253
14,'
835,
182
15'389,296
4'44
8,05
9
kit14
'025
,037
1011
'606
,020
272'037,306
2'512,966
3O7'132,460
t8;:3'253,743
1L.1'
619,
742
53061
'176
,684
3'879,566
96
10'2
63,g
81;15
983'
469,
115
5677
0'14
3,25
2
17921
3'32
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MEXI
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lP)E5DErJ_
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6.7b
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793
1412
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2,745
l83
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22,163
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430
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374
2481
77C,
342
131'
49,0
54517,34?
10921,116
654,271
133
7,88
209,
426
660554,205
19'4
55,8
557369'?g9,?07
1,51
43,5
033Y
112,
886
3'713.023
1,51
184;84 423 14
19,100
83>,12
7,311780
1<087,127
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2,96
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831366,4'6
254,
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2<77,8a5
77,6
12
4257
8220,395
42t5
5,60
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2'48061,748
1,34
4
5,633
1185
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13,9
7634
14
1,29
513a
798
1,185
32,661
140,818
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6364Ç416
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3'1L,0312
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29,0
41'809,3328
'<3>
8,56
6.52
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138,<473
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6,8
9,39
922,972
19,1
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31,8
71o,6"520
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29i,l11
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KlIogramues
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COUNTRY/PAYS
Ved.
Rep.
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des
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COTTON/COTON
Volume 35
,369
1,79
1
4,02
9
403
5,232
5
1,241z
-
TIFICIAL
ANDSYNTHETIC
rBRES
ARTI
FICI
ELLE
SET
SYNTHIQUESE
TO1AL
Vaeu
&/Va
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9e90
1î1
'128,553?
455,33'
4'12,
246
1611
1,24
'021,1
0761w)
7?71
5,157
481,66
141,
770
84,1
1417,960
8,11
1013,6
19,204
2*17
6,5u
71'
19,'
8612
1'140013,435
94,5
98qû
'863,06339
'2,244,148
Vomuce
Vaelua/Vleur
'5t6
7070
>4,32656
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6a,0
631î2535,45
2112,106
4938399
07,O6
1,1
734
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946,024
5'2,47892
788?3,208
7,?.
643
'1<3
81,6
5658
067,
219
6,550
'178'9,456
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2,72
41,
295
453,
135
l!93
7,?1
41
î,663
539,554
564,
76?
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07'2I459,321
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254?85
149,
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9,583
7,5?
42<690,449
53,3
45,0»
30
9M0,79
820,023
37,1
871797,0
333,
682
743;662
8'U7
0,6,
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'6î929,659
1907o?,236
1'343,132
874,637
1'9<
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348
5<73
9,03
67
402,33
'<40,1
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2<,599601
3<6>
8,71
22<918,335
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609,
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614,411
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1178
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4767
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1575
5,24
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67'3<129,83S
19,2
5l0'546,5'345
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SOUE
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Come
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la
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119'
431,
725
ICANIMPORTSOFTEXTILES
PRODUCTS
IN1972/1I/
1972
Y/lu
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Yalume
MEXI
CAN
EXPO
RTS
OFTE
XTIL
EPRODUCTS
IN19
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IN1971Ki
logr
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and
pesos/
Ello
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t.u
etpv
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COUN
TRY/
PAYS
;
COTTON/COTOM
Volu
meValue/Valeur
Fed.Rep.o
f ial
34,460
896,
114
Cana
da896,114
Spai
n/Ba
pagn
e'
227
United
:St
atus
/Sta
te-U
nfe
10'089,909
France
347,
235
ltal
y/lt
alia
249
Japa
n/Ja
pon
91,4
82
Neth
erla
nds/
Paye
-Pas
32,7
74United
Kingdom/
85,8
19Ro
yaum
e-Un
iSwitzerland/Sutoue
1,775
Others/Autras
826,
550
1'410,321
13'7
62,5
999,
467
153'129,414
8'043,193
31,798
1'525,907
595,1384
200D
2,95
773,433
â'95,669
ARTI
FICI
ALANDSYNTHETIC
FIBR
ES/
PIBR
ESARTIFICIELES
ETSYNT
HETIQUES
Volu
me 946
1,57
6
,076
111,
954
330,
056
356
294
1'52
4,46
9
SYNTHETIQUESWOOL/LAINE Value/Valeur
volume
valu
e/va
leur
139,873
235,134
129,
865
138'
404,
974
197,
065
1'23
3,98
513
,410
3'385,563
76,582
7,767
20'5
37,5
74
4,000
10,636
4,92
9190,294
5,42
661
1
4,33
3 641,138
5,52
724
,126
121,725
462,
367
169,775
7'511,407
341,
673
24,3
27167,760
3,30
021
,622
222,
370
1'578,984
TOTAL
_-
J
39:4
06908,326
9,524
15'?
90,5
51353,737
112,314
'6,1
556
2,S$
o3?313
7?5,
62375,055
i
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07:
799
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i'21.o7.
le914,
%.0goelo161
7926
03ef
Z'wii
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1'0!29
16,5
S48089i'o1
5,96
487'&45,881
'164V361,793
094o,80
1o'645,310
30'1
4t,3
6973
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n064
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vari
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de
latoia
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Killogramva
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sCOTTON/COTON
COwr
Criai
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SVo
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Value/Valeur
Volume
fte.p.
Sl.
d£l
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25,046
1'21
2,60
8189,09
Canada
Unit
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/Eta
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nis.
Fran
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ltal
y/lt
alic
Japan/Japon
Weth
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143
4,824
8,27
418,476
357,165
732
21,193
468,505
63'7
18,8
54
1'01
0,50
4
80,0
55
ARTI
FICI
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Value/Valeur
Volume
Valu
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I
09"
5,753
13,2
12493,500
342?
1226
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3,32!UnitedKi
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m/Ra
yaum
o-Un
i17
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1'213,875
2,6
00Swi
tzerla
nd/Sui
sse7,176
829,612
8,23
0Ot
hers
/Aut
res
342,553
I7'0
77,4
829,873>
lmpo
rtat
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totaels
'343
1,95
593
'773
98;7
20'131,4,9
xpor
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de¢imeters/Imporiationss
3'033,074
9'
14,.83
-1'9196,592
dsaz
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vetpédiIómtesz
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11'159
l^4o
zmpr
taor
ions
ordinaires
225,02111[59'1a5
0934,?15
35'a
53,6
>8Sd7,986
174
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032
334'
195
392?
5'76
2la
1',306
381l',8ǻ6
%à245'4,9
422,
231t
20',
66;
20,733
1'412,332
53VI
2.30
,1
e192
13,0
132'i57,1,6
1,565
547
2',4r37
2526
,511,019
2,991
Ir'O
nitr
Vale
urlu
aa
234,873
20,6_6
2m65S41'
.5,2
3G
57,9
3a497,aV4
14,6
4'23,1?
18,3
'787
3,65
à29
3'22
9,98
3
20?
93,1
37'
35836,799
b5,3
55426
131,
603
'22'.3,321
75.331
12'9f,599
1633.*1C'
Vaue/Valeur
lu
0*83
.4,3
9
2'44
9,af
100t1
3V. I!
58j<1)'31
IO'B
76.C
o.0
2.147,82
21'2
72,6
50
426'
825,
f
317'03
916?!
109'
785,
50~
i:ac
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/In;
iing
sle
lkte
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prod
ucts
text
iles
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SOURCE-:
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7
MEXICANEXPORTSOFTEXTILEPRODUCTSIN1970/SI90
ATION
MEXICAIN
ESOFCJR50"
EIO4LES
EN
tP.9I1
97
i1mmesar
derneet
pers
on
O0/0OAONT0hj
ARTIFICIALANlAWNJHETYYT
ICRIDOES
WI/
IOIL
LANE
XO
AL.T
NTRY/CoI
YS,_____
___
___
_:Vn3ule
VmJl
umea
lenr
VoThValur/V
eu
VYaIe',wa1oor
/Val
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Rep.
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n,264
160
7795
0033,2
90,835
,3,
408
1310299
c»»l
ra,
',8
4806
9313
9711
.804
42,8
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3,03
7,644639
895e39b
14'479,971
spotnA'srl
9ote
2,04
332
,825
5,188
148,922
2,47
8,41,190
97715
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at-Unie-
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ten/ls.
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115'619,
3i4l5e537
'77
8174
,560
136024
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27,7
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%1S9367,464
Pran
ee,
129
e33l
715,227
916
,16
6924
23,0
'i253,771
33,2
891'
135,
235
Jtaly/
JtaUte
,13
97107,310
23,6
3860,
2a9741
810
,850
25,8
2337
',93
1Ja
pan/
aap'
n'22
,262
539,
523
473
,24
751
2,4,01
6871
024
,886
62w,
004
5etseP
eaMls/
Pap9In
is9,
656
191,
527
159
,2.
300
152
5,86
80
10,0
3719
9,69
5Uom
teel
îme-UnlR
cyau-Un2
384
71,076
216
52,3
04,90
261810
1,0761
43,0
79Sw1ioerind/Su1ane
3,154,
68i4
45116
6,209
325
13,8
253,5
89>7
854i
9Oth
ers/Au
tres8
,1'
0993
38315'789,4m4
947,
191
'0
129480,46
'20,011
1279,'70
21056,5450
29'57,860
QTXAL
9'639'149
1468
899,
435'
41437,093
'90Q961,175
6'1
71,3
38e9
72',29
4514
247'
803
2,68
332,
934
ecaqccestanlaticeOenComercio
doMrtdfutien.
Go-c
rolo
Bftorlor
do'o
nErtadoo
suld
ouuut
XÎoa
M,--
gorm
tgSe
eId
uatr
teyControlo.-
Direcet6nconoraoen
Senrotorf
deIn
dust
rie
couoro.-
DIre
cclê
rGo
uera
lde
Iuld
ucrl
mu-B1bêtcifn
dele
ldc
tra
tiydc1eVatia
teztoPdrodon
yGoaE@
0xtiloee
,uer
oyCêalndod
B.Q
o. .
i
BEXICA
MEXPORTS
AND
IMPORT
SOF
COTT
ONTE
XTIL
EPRODUCTS
DURING
THEPERIOD1966-1973/
Kilograms
andposes/Kilogrammes
at
peson
Volume
Valu
e/Va
leur
Volums
Value/Valeur
181'
621,
297
110'560,081
148'
190,
147
116'899,405
198'085,961
369'
759,
707
1,05
5'97
1,07
8DM
4997,473
1'.;588fB
5'906,094
6'46
0,86
288,_3g975
3431,095
2117
2,56
21'922,922
9248
3,65
797
'261
,278
109'7404,24
'774
,,-093
'9.w
'369_
773,
987X
t
15'0
22,4
4361
874,
956
81'009,71
38443,025
4;250,174
8,45.99
382,
5,32
J'914,720,
0
198'
,u8
9i7
84',009
(é.;
815,877
1305
46,Z
iS1
9'03
5,11
6109744'311,L
2''6
43J4
2e?69474,
-3
196697
Sece
aia
rtr1c.l--
à:i-::z
-.;.r:mi.o.--
Dir
,c
c;(;
.de'.
t..St.1epa
tament
o.-Dr-:
1 Lo
l*;.
X.n-
v*--
Cfic.zInformation
Estatí«tica
{6{«Organi
Z.Internacionales.oxi
Seca
eíir
iadedus;riaS.Comer.at
cioi
elrcón
Gsne
ral
deIn,s
duct
rias
.ubd
irec
ción
CC.-
delndIrnusarTextile
.i.e
d&es
Vcdt
ico.
-De
pamt
a;en
teod
PresndayfeCoionesTexti-
les,
Cuero
yCalzado.
YEARS/AMMEES
EXPORTS/EXPORTINGS
Volu
meValue/Valeur
1966 1970E 73
1..7
.'72
.973
20'0
19,9
21
12'116,814
6'9i,795
09:`8,3s7
9763
4,1!
910
'4O6
,594
155,4.,125
85'a
67,G
42
38'J' .T o
_e.e_.
MEXICANEXPORTS OF COTTONTEXTILEPRODUCTSDURINGTHEPERIOD1966-1973/
EXPO
RTAT
IONS
MEXICAINESDE PROD
UCTSTEX
TILE
SENCOTON,
DE1966A1973
Kilogrammes
pesos
Yarn
/Fil
és
Volu
meValue/
Volume
Valeur
Fabrics/Tissus
Volu
meValue/
Valeur
Made
-upar
ticl
es/
Arti
cles
confectionnés
Volume
Value/
Vale
ur
Total
Volume
Value
168'
860,
363
66'2
40,6
03
70'9
21,8
8187
'806
,437
72'8
04,7
33
92'2
80,4
03
135'436,406
339'
573,
476
6'55
4,07
7
6'35
4,06
2
1'64
1,12
3
3'62
9,51
4
3'72
1,43
4
5'65
7,38
8
9'88
2,88
3
20'585,737
97'9
80,7
82
94'0
17,3
65
25'3
32,6
46
51'813
,368
53'626,525
-81'809,545
170'
032,
960O
34'8
67',
452
787,250
652,
923
551,
829
417,959
912,611
750,
585
'555
,619
3'22
,189
,S
19'026,499
'133
33,3
17
'430
6,55
4
6:,342
2'<4
58,2
27
2'<996,013
64'2
40,3
41
17'71409260
20'019,921
1'21
16,8
14
'0995,795
'990
3,88
7
'<639,149
12'4
06,5
94
1''1
55,1
25
38'837,642
285'
867,
644
18'1
6212
87?
10'5S6,02!1
148'
190,
147
14'699,i485
39'
085,
6t1
369'759,077
1,05
'<97
1,07
8
OUlR
E:Se
creatila
deIi
ndus
tria
yome:rrcio.-Elrecccóôn
ene.
ral
deEIstadisicta.-
Depa
rtam
eto
oDóTcni
lco.
-.O0
ii'na
deIf
ocm-
acón
lEs
tadi
stic
aNCa
cion
alaOrga
nime
rsIn
tter
raco
nial
es.
Sere
tarí
ade
Inusctria
yommerccoi.-D£ireccó6n
Geenral
deIndustrias.-
Subdireccóôn
dela
-nIusdtria
Textil
ydeleVsatdo.-
Dear
xtmn
ento
dePr
ends
nyCo
nfec
cion
esTe
xtil
es,
Cuer
oy-
Ca1acd.~
iC-
!3 "! 1972
1973
12'688,584
5'109,829
4'802,843
5'856,414
5'005,104
5'99
8,62
1
8'016,618
15'0
19,6
67
COM.TEX/SB/30o ge
4M <
MEXICAN
IMPORTS
OFCOTTON
TEXT
ILESPRODUCTS
DURING
THEPERIOD1966-1973/
IMPO
RTAT
IONS
MEXI
CAIN
ESDE
PRRODUITSTEXTILES
ENCOTON,
DB1966
A1973
Kilo
gram
esand
peso
n/Ki
logr
amme
set
pesos
TOTALIMPORTS/
IMPO
RTAT
IONS
TOTA
LES
YEAR
/
Volu
meValue/Valeur
1966
4'997.478
92'4
83,6
57
1967
5'24
1,95
897'261,278
1968
5'906,094
109'
744,
204
1969
6'460,862
134'774,093
1970
5'38
9,97
513
7'86
4,36
9
I971
3'431,095
93'7
73,9
87
1972
2'17
2,56
271
'619
,281
1973
1'922,
I2
lMPORTS:
FREE
ZONE
SAND
PEXIMETERS/
IMPO
RTAT
IONS
DES
ZONES
ET
PERIMETRES
FRAN
CS:
Volu
meValue/Valeur
4'73
5,90
5
4'759.021
5'613,292
6$340,936
5'339,
6592
3'239,074
2<031,
34-5
1t7
37,-
32
80o3';3773
3
R,5*
3)4
65
97'3414,075
113'735,976
121
453,539
82'6
14,8
82.
63'3
96,55
61035
'),248
IMP
&oe[N
SAR
DIfI
tY
Volus.
Velue/Valeur
261,573
482,837
2)2,
802
419,9>6
353,
2 83
223,2
>1
141,
217
124,990
12'034,92
4
10'9
63,8
13
12`40,
123
1l'j38,117
160'
45,863
il4159,105
8<52,
E.95
8<246,287
NOTE:
Acco
rdin
gto
the
Dire
ctor
iste
-Gen
eral
of
Stat
isti
cs,
the
impo
rtat
ions
effected
via
free
zonesand
perimeters
include
onaverage
92per
cent
ofvarious
made
-uparticles
(inc
ludi
ngclothing),
6.5
per
cent
offabrics
and
1.5
per
cent
of
yarn
./Co
nfor
méme
ntà
la
Directiongénérale
des
stat
isti
ques
,les
Importations
effe
ctué
es.
via
zones
et
pérl
mètr
esfrancs
comprenmentenmoyene
92po
urcent
d'articles
confectionnés
divers
(articles
d'ha
bill
emen
ty
compria).
6,5
pour
cent
detissue
et
1.5
pour
cent
de
filés.
SOURCE;
1966
1973.-
Secretaría
de Ind
ustr
iay
Come
rcio
.-Di
recc
ión
Gene
ral
deEs
talí
stic
aOf
icin
ade
Info
rmac
ión
Esta
díst
ica
Hacional
aOrganismos
Internacionales.
Secretaria
deIndustria
yComercio.-Dirección
Gene
ral
deIndustries
..Subdirección
dela
Irtdlustria
Text
ily
del
Yestilo.-
Dept
o.de
Prendas
yConfeccionea
Textiles.
Cuar
oy
Calz
ado.
Page 40t M.
TEl
MEXICANEXPORTS
OFCO
TTON
TEXTILE
PRODUCTS
IN1970/
EXPO
RTAT
IONS
MEXI
CAIN
ESDE
PROD
UITS
TEXT
ILES
RWCoT
ONEN
1979
Kilogrammesan
d Peas
es/
met
R
rnA;
r"g,
;P.Y
SSb
n'.l
JFT!
SB
C/TIADURIeSAISSS
RI
EAONFECTIONESFF.CTIn^
OTn
TAL
,~
-.
Wsi,
,^A#
i.,s
jVo
ume
vnlmp
eVeur-/Va1ur
oVn
lume
lue
Vala-U
alJeur
olVniume
Valu
e/Va
leur
wtlu
r
aama
di
lps1g
a.pa
,%
Unttadict/tiasi.ts
liis
,931,
r..lPi
n;..p
n
Sa!-
witz
erla
nd/'
S.
f.I
.-l.
Audre"aauÎ;!a
'th',.
..f.'IUIIi.s;r
755,
722
19,
738
93',
227 o
;P1 c0 0
5,45
5294,382
10'711,784
28,7
0256'866,341 o 81
242,419 o 0
74,1
224'881,284
44,661 e
3'58
2,57
9 25 893,139
8,44
4 38 251 0
&-22e;0t
7'e9
.6S4 2G0
51aO10,3o5 3C
07,82',
66,5X4
2<4,378
14,3C0 o
I.'500,78
43,310 120
118.
e'39
22,237 235 14
4,4:
"5 122
i,21
il
712,
",
29243,3836
3,9'
U37'
71,5
5053
8,23
64,052
208,4530
4,94
693
,a10
.117,40$
843,69
32.049
78632,
95'
22,2
62 374
3;154
29.331 160
9,606
1O8
9,33
8
115'EGÔO
532,
f523
1115,C
-2
191p
r351
869,14
852
005,
104
721504e733
I'72j,431
53'626,525
812,611
20i4
68,2
279'E63§j3t9
^,^
SDCR
e-.
iLr&.rio
i;_'3U'bo
dtl
C2:e
rcti
oEx
trli
or£ F3
taEd
;StICL
aLe
La3
Zstados
urie.os
:r::ie2Lo3.-S^;^r.ra
ce0lnlujzria
yCo
ue:*
io.-
Dli
:<:i.
:'en
eral
d-
-eete.-.
fce
Xsdu
strl
ayCure
oiu.-!)!recoi£n
Zeneral
de
Indu
s"ri
as.-
Subd
iroc
cion
dodo
Pren._.j
jWfe:cioneo
Tl-t
!3do
sCjrOe
y(.a14ro
*0
laIndustria
Text
ilydel
Vestido.-Departament
3 OM.TEX/
Total
MEXI
CAN
IMPORTS
OFCOTTON
TEXTILE
PROD
UCTS
IN1970/
S1fograues
and
pebo
,/Ki
logr
amme
sat
peson
Canada
Spain/Espagna
United
States/Etate-Unis
Japan/Japon
United
Kingdom/Reyaume-Uni
Swit
zerl
and/
Suis
se
Fran
ce
bed.
Rep.
of
Germany/
Ripu
bilq
uefé
déra
led'
Alle
nmag
neItaly/Italle
Netherlands/
Pays-Bas
YURM
/FIL
ES
Volume
o 2
89,6
52 6
i9 9 1 3 o
FABRICS/TlSSUS
Valu
e/Va
leur 115
2'562
.à
199 0
11 62 104
*Iolum 13
617
535
6,24
313
7,17
5.1,653
*6,635
5,358
3,755
1,36
15,
804L
A
NDgOFiAITCLE/SlATlCILESCOmNFECTION
Value/Valeur
83,2
2335,132
12'23,2572
4809
)'19
4
'98,
3et
301,999
176,
813
11?S513
196,
492
Volume
6,262
7,635
2'769,,432
472,
7?7
29,4
1363
,395
86,4
9!1
,435
1 ,423
.*%..-
fi
Vtlue/Vlour
285,
923
627,
479
82165?,918
8811
0,6!
19286(.663
446,
t5î
19431,140
18967.?6
2'032,
681
190,035
L.A
t.0
TOTAL
Yolu
meVelue/Voleur
6,39
e7§9812
3'215gj4
60s.
gs6
70,030
54,743
37y,61
2m78
.sj.
.5
309,
546
662,726
97'94i04y.
le,209,833,
l2 2-
758.
532'
7S8,
22t
845,
318
1'733,310
2'14
4,58
12'
150,
2037
6,52
7Othera/Autrea
,JDOU?,
COD
& 17"aeBto
luQy
gzy>
e.7
J7'y#8914U*J
*2'tC
Total
topas/lprta11_
le&
89,705
2'56
4021
351
9,60
217'963,630
bS77
9,611
7'33
6,26
5Sl8J975
13I8t6
4q369
Impo
rta;
free
sones
and
perlmetere/
impirtattoas
des
zone
set
183,
9porlet
rea
francs
Ordl
tary
tlop
orta
laporîaîfoas
ordî
nslr
ct5,
7J77
2'26
0,61
0486,139
1508363736
t30
3,60
3)33
s463
2'l26,894
4147
1.85
7103'443,81
30?n
811
5'o4l,924
121
541,2M
*13892,645
347,
0yl
i6'3
23,1
42
40ei
~aIl
r.va
rio
ïsta
dist
ice
delCumercia
..bx
teri
ordo
lo.s
Estt
c..n
Unidra
:4o.
iirn
os.-
-ire
tart
ada
LstadIstica.
-
&ecreterfa
delrdustria
yCoeai8cio.--
Dixeccid6u
Gieueral.
de.
Indu
stri
as.-
8ubd
iLr.
ccl!
ldà
tla
dePr
enci
asyCo
nfec
cîon
esTa
xtil
es,
Cuar
oy
Ca1z-asdco
Irfdustrin
yCo
merc
io.-
Direcci6aGe
Mrab
lde
Ilqiustrie
Toxtil
yde
lVeslido.-
D.îp
arta
ceut
o
n a o
MEXICAN
INPORTS
OFCOTTON
TEXTING
PRODUCTS
IN
1971/
Kilogrames
andpesos/
Kilo
gram
mesat
peso
non_
TON/
PAYS
Ayr
Fede
R.p.
GfCa
nmnh
y/R*
fédr
Ç°.
d'>kteoagne
aatuda
ipasan/gpaatn
UnJted
testae/T.taL.Ins
Prunce
ItaI
yait
slle
Netlarisnde/;a
ye.Ism
United
giom/dnpRomeuvt-Unt
Szit
terl
and/
Suis
se
Othe
rsv/
Dier
sTo
tal
Impsort/
Tota
lde
sImporiatsona
Impo
rts,
FPr
eezs
naS
end
pmst
el/Isrotlprtotiens
zonespétigètmitfFaersnec
irdr
naim
Sops
rtn/
lmoi
t.ta
tloe
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YAMI/PILES
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MEXICA
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Valu
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00
18,099
503,811
12280
18,111
504,
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280
160
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MEXICA
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32,319
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9,584,158
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11,831
3,054.754
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8>5,
182
Impo
rt:
fret
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nes
and
perineters/
Importation:
zone
set
prii
aètr
cafr
anca
3.81
712
1,76
51.629
2795
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440.
571
216.761,649
466.083
27.679.233
Tota
lip
orta
/bTo
tald5
importations
15.708
3.17
6.51
926,617
9.991.152
530.552
29,4
76.2
24547,
136
42,5
14.4
40
NOTES:
Ircl
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eth
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quantities
orsilk:
yara
4,00
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Ofa
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511,
602
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14,379
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230.
360
dollars
and
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119.
5dO
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723036
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119380kg
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1630
121
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les
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sre
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1;72
131I
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1970
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332
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599
127
114
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3088
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92312
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31390
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304
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1971
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305
1395
53
629 1
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157
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125
5
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1614
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343
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930 69 16o 22 597
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674
156
160
197
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999 90 511
760
718
179
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i86
217
180
944
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320
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202
101
521
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1228
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663
336
1972
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meVa
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558
1126
4110
1 98
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63
630
744
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200
0
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51.04
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5104
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vale
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341
418
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182
354
362
458
622
580
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718
232
594
447 108 352
481
42 15 148 24 358
168
257
470 12 198 53 224 52 629
3876
302
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9
144
346
612
313
116
1231
114781
9.1
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3
603 26 376
50 237
7320
817
56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
05 05 05 06 07 07 1)7 07 07 07 07 07 01 01 02 03 04 04 05 05 6 o6 06 08 08 08
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A O A A A A A A A A A
238
508 6o 39 689
212
294 5
146
1509 16
2116 20 595
559
872
379 78
437
81
267
001
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o.o6
001
001
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3 27 3 1 12 372 18 16 120 16 30 13 2
103
3237 55 25 752 40 69
1657
18tl 368
225
816
100
320
943
904
436
141
886
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161
489
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647
289
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119 26
1579
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6038
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2861
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191 10 219
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22 51 97151 13
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1970
Volume
valu
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20,571
20,571
13,41
1,628
41I9,792
I,603
62,2
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3.53
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472,933
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70,973
1,2Z3,172
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1.212
9,837
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236,061
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COM. TEX/SB/30Page 63
ANNEX 1Il - C
STATKNEMT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO ATTHE MEETINGOF THE TSB ON25JULY 1970
M.r. Chairman, distinguished members of the Textiles Surveillance Body, andmembers of the secretariat of GATT.
I have the honour, as representative of the Mexican Gover'nment, .to tnrr4you a cordial message from the supreme authorities in my country and their good wishfor the success of the work of the Textiles Body in its difficult task of ensuringproper application of the Arrangement regarding international Trade in Textile .
The Mexican Government is following the outcome of your deliberations withinterest and is fully aware of the importance of the Textiles Surveillance Body asessential tool for the satisfactory development, on a just and equitable basis oftrade relations in the textile field, on the basis of the principles and provsLonsof the Arrangemant regarding International Trade in Textiles.
May I at tho same time, Mr. Chairman, express my thanks for the cordial welcome-you have just extended on behalf of the Textiles Survoilldnce Body, to the Moxicandelogation accompanying me; wc particularly appreciate, tho many efforts made, inconjunction with the members and secretariat of GATT, and the facilities you haveplaced at our disposal for thc satisfactory achivement of our task.
The fact that Moxco is attending this meeting is convincing proof of the dosizon the part of my Govornmxnot to participatc fully in thc multilaîteral mothods'at-dmechanisms aimod at solving the problems of international trade on an equitable hasabovc all, 'by applying sound principles designed to solve Mexico's problemssatisfactorily in thc light of its peculiar needs.
The above is particularly important in the case of developing countries likeMexico, since it emables them to give the proper priority to their development readyby applying general economic policies and specific instruments calculated to achivedto their full satisfaction, the goal of progressive development of' their ocoz10no1m
It ls on tho basis of this prînciplo, of a vin, he roprossivo devoic-ELLCUof Mexico s aconomv, which incidentally ls cmbodice- i ot;' o-t tic Gcr.rr.-cAgreement on Tariffs and Tradc, that Mexico is attending this mocting in accordncowith the terms of thc Textile Arrangement.
COM..TEX/SB/30Page664
Pursuant to the decision of the Textiles Surveillance Body at its lastmeeting and its request to the Mexicanauthorities to submit a memorandum givingthe pertinent in informationto enable .. to Body to access the justification formaintaining the restrictions spoiled byMexico to textiles, I have coma herepersona-lly to place the memorandum.in question before otu foer your considerationand to offer ary clarifications that may de necessary to enable you to make yourassessment.:
Cur attendance at this meeting should therefore be taken as a reflection ofa sincere spirit of co-operation iÎ ensuring the pr per application of theprovisions of the Textile Arrangement and at the same time as a formal appeal byMexi.co te the distinguished Survoillance Body te reach conclusion and a decisionon this matter bearing in mind constantly the new spirit of understanding,reflected irÀ the àrrangement regarding International Textile Trade, towards theproblems of the developing countries, while not losing sight of Mexico's goal,namely te work consistently and systematically in the field of domestic policy andin international relations te achieve the progressive development of its economy.
In the memorandum submitted by t'Iezcoto the Textiles Surveillance Body andnow in your possession, we explain the motives which have led us maintain thesystem of requiring a prier licence to import, not only .the textile sector,but in respect of the economy i. general, with a view to ensuring the economicdevelopment needed by the country.
Bearing in mind the views put forward and the hard facts of the process ofdevelopment of Mexico's economy, we look forward to working with you to furnishany explanations that may be required; and I should like to outline for yourbenefit sone general pointers te enable you te assess in a spirit of completeobjectivity the situation with which Mexico is faced today.
2.t the present tine, Mexico has 58 million inhabitants and is growing at anannual rate of 3.5 per cent. This maxces it vitally necessary to create800,000 new jobs each year and te provide all the indispensable services te gowith them. Of the total population, 32 per cent, or approximately 18 trillion per-sons, make up the economyally active population, and of these, 34.0 per cent areemployed in the primary sector, 24.7 per cent in industry, 22.6 per cent inservices, 10.2 per cent i.n trade, 3.1 per cent in transport, and 5.4 per cent inother activities.
But from the sectoral point of view, trade and services make up 52.2 par centof the gross domestic product, manufactures 23.4 per cent, and agriculture, stock-rearing and fishing only 10.3 per cent.
COM. TEX/SB/30-Page 65
This imbalance is further reflected in the fact that a person occupied inagriculture generates only 13.4 par cent of the income produced by a serviceworker, and -1i.3 pcr cent of that of a worker in industry. Independently of itsdistribution, the gross domestic product has been increasing annually over thedecade 1963-1973 at the rate of 7.1 per cent (at constant prices). This has nodoubt brought about an improvement in per capita income, although it has not beenpossible to distribute the benefits of development among wide sectors of thepopulation - a situation further aggravated in those regions of the country whichare outside the orbit of the progress being made.
There are zones or regions in Hiexico which have not been incorporated intothe development process. Hence one of the aims of the economic policy of thePiexican Goverument is to achieve a balanced economic development .
The economic structure of the Niexican population is as follows: 40 per centare families in low income brackets, 30 per cent are "'lower middle class, 20 percent "middle classic and 10 per cent 'upper classes. This economic structure hasmeant that illexico's development process is restricted for want of an extensivedomestic market such as is indispensable if industrial growth is to be promoted.
For this reason, we have established a policy of redistributing income amongeconomic activities, regions and social sectors in the light of the economicpotentiality of each region so as to achieve minimum levels of well-being for thepopulation.
The hexican economy operates on the basis of a system of mixed economy inwhich both the public sector and the private sector play an important rôle indevelopment. The State influences the level and nature of private investment,channelling i-. towards those sectors where investment is necessary and givingparticular attention to the solution of problems of efficiency and costs as partof the planning of industry as a whole.
The instruments created to promote.industrialization reflect the structureand the problems described above; thus there are various mechanisms, fiscal,administrative, financial, etc., including the so-called prior or advance importlicence requirement, the administration of which, in conjunction with the appli-cation of the tariff, constitutes the essential instrument for regulating externaltrade with a view to achieving the objectives of economic development.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 66
This instrument does not create a can on imports. Its main feature is thatit regulates imports in the light of the country's needs, and its application issubject to constant review, so that it is dynamic in character. At the Same time,the prior licence system isnot discriminatory as regards the countries fromwhich products come, nor is itsapplication aimed at protecting undertakings inparticular
Thus the goals to be pursued by industrialization in the interests of theeconomic development of the country are: to extend industrialization to all partsof the national territory so as to exploit the natural resources available andthe capacity of tale existing industrial plant to generate the sources of employ-ment required for Mexico's democratic growth; and to consolidate the domesticmarket and produce surpluses enabling our products to complete abroad, theultimate object of all this being to provide a higher standard of living for thepopulation.
As regards the textile industry, considered separately for the purpose ofstudy only, here we have an industry providing employment for a considerable partof Mexico's labour force, which is concentrated in certain regions andpresents a
peculiar problem in the economic and social context.
As is pointed out in the document you have received, within the manufacturingindustry in Mexico the textile sector (cotton, wool and man-made fibres) has prideof place at the present time. It comes second as regards the number of personsemployed, namely, 225,000 workers (but it must be pointed out that this figuredoes not include 85,000 workers occupied in the clothing industry); third asregards wages and salaries (9,700 million pesos or $776 million), and fourth asregards value of production and level of investment (21,500 million pesos and28,000 million pesos, or $1,720 million and $2,240 million respectively).
Mexico's textile industry, which is one of the oldest industrial benches,has certain peculiarities from the point of view of its structure and its economicand social importance, which make the problems it has to face highly significantand important in the country's economy.
As regards its structure, while there are modern undertakings with greatproductiive efficiency, there are others still operating which have antiquated orfairly antiquated equipment, even though it is in the process of being replaced.An important part has been played in this replacement process, by the system ofimport licences, which has made it possible to channel purchases of machinery andequipment towards the less competitive branches or sectors, thus encourage theirmodernization and increasing their efficiency.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 67
Independently of the structural aspect already mentioned, within theMexican textile industry each sector which it contains has a distinct degreeof competitivity. That differing degree of competitivity is basically determinedby the cost and availability of the raw materials used by each sector. Thusthree sectors can be distinguished, of which each particular situation isdifferent: cotton, man-made fibres and wool.
As regards the cotton sector, the Mexican textile industry has an abundantsufficiency of raw material and at international prices, for its domesticproduction of cotton amounts to 1,700,000 bales, a figure which is approximatelydouble the requirements of the industry (825,000 bales).
However, the cotton textile sector faces a problem resulting from thelarge number of undertakings it contains - more than 300 - of which only25 per cent, that is to say 75 factories, are of a size which enables then tobenefit from the savings resulting from large-scale production. Those are thevery undertakings which are active in the field of exports, representing50 per cent of the installed capacity in the sector. The remaining 225 under-takings are small and medium-sized factories, many of then operating on amarginal basis. Those 225 undertakings represent the remaining 50 per centof the total installed capacity.
Another factor affecting the competitivity of the cotton textile sectoris that connected with the cost of labour, which, unlike that in most developingcountries, is relatively high. In fact, according to an enquiry carried out bythe IFCATI (International Federation of Cotton and Allied Textiles Industries),Mexico takes 13th place in the world as regards cost per man/hour in terms ofwages and social benefits. That cost if US$2.25 per man/hour.
As regards the man-made fibre sector, the situation is entirely different,as in that case domestic production of the raw materials for the production ofthe fibres is not sufficient. Furthermore, the prices of those national rawmaterials are higher than the international levels, by percentages which varyfrom 20 per cent to 70 per cent in some cases.
That situation results in the fact that the products which the textileindustry manufactures using as raw materials man-made fibres cost appreciablymore than similar products produced in other countries which rely on rawmaterials at international prices. It is estimated that the differences in costvary from 10 per cent in the case of manufactures based on rayon to 50 per centin the case of articles based on polyester. For that reason the man-made fibretextile sector does not have a degree of competitivity making possible largeexperts of its products.
As regards the wool sector, its position can be regarded as intermediatebetween that of the cotton sector and that of the man-made fibre sector.The wool sector has to depend to the extent of almost 90 per cent on imports ofraw material, as the national suply is not sufficient nor are its qualities
adequatafor that sector to attain a production of manufactured articles capableof competing on the international markets. That situation also results incosts which are comparatively higher than those in countries which are at thesame time producers of the raw materials and thus are able to have supplies atlower. prices in sufficient quantity and of adequate quality.
Taking into account the general situation which has been described, Mexicohas found it very useful to use the machinery of import licences, in co-ordinationwith customs duties, to favour the development of those industrial activities.The flexible nature of its administration renders feasible the importation ofthose products; whether raw materials or manufactured articles, of which thedomestic production is not adequate or does not combine the essential requirementsregarding quality and price, without it being rendered more expensive by highcustoms duties which, if there were no import licence, would have to be establishedas a means of protecting the national producers.
Thanks to the existence of the system of advance licences, the levels ofcustoms duties existing in Mexico in respect of textile products are at present15 per cent for raw materials, 25 per cent for semi-finished articles and35 per cent for nearly all manufactured goods.
As an instrument of industrial promotion it also makes it possible to regulatenational production prices, preventing them from being more than 25 per centhigher than those prevailing on foreign markets. In some cases that percentagemay be higher, depending on the characteristics or special situation of economicactivity concerned, or for reasons of national interest, as is the case withraw materials of petro-chemical origin.
Further, the establishment of import licence machinery, is conditional on theundertaking by the national producer to comply, amongst other things, withrequirements as regards quality, prices and delivery dates; and that has to besupported by information concerning investments, aggregate value, productioncapacity or employment created, percentage of demand satisfied, and competitionwith foreign goods. All those factors have to be analyzed before adopting adecision on the setting-up of import licence machinery with the objective ofensuring true growth for the industry.
Mr. Chairman, and Members of the Surveillance Body, this has been a matter ofmaking clear to you the essential and most outstanding features of the mechanicsand operation of the system of advance licences for imports in force in Mexicoand its underlying philosophy aimed at overcoming our problems of development, andof giving, you a general description of the main significant facts relating to theMexico economy.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 69
This presentation of the facts is in accordance with our desire to provideauthentic information concerning all the facts required by this body to enable itto arrive at the conclusion which Mexico has requested. It should be consideredas supplementing the basic document, which we have submitted for your considerationand in the preparation of which we have endeavoured to deal with the mattersraised by this body at its last session.
The Mexican delegation remains at your disposal to give any relevantexplanation which may help you in your task.
Page 70
ANNEX II - D
COMPLEMENT TARY INFORMATION AND CLARIFICATIONSGIVEN BY THEMEXICANDELEGATION IN RESPONSE TO CERTAIN QUESTIONS RAISED BY THE TSB AT
ITS MEETINGON 25 JULY l974
Main characteristics of the system
The Mexican delegation stated that the prior licensing system was a.dynamic instrument of the Mexcian industrial development policy, and was in noway tantamount to a prohibition of imports. A supporting evidence to this wasto be found in the large volume of imports entering Mexcio as shown by thetable in the statistical annex of the memorandum submitted. The system wasnot intended to enable domestic producers to reach self-sufficiency, butrather to complement national production. The system, should be regarded as themeans chosen by the Government to direct import towards those sectors of thecountry where they were necessary to cope with development needs. It was amatter of developing the industry on the basis of healthy competition, andseeking ultimately to direct it towards external markets.
Selective incidence of the system
The Mexican delegation pointed out that the intention behind the priorimport licensing system was that the national industry should be rendered moreefficient considering the fact that the import licences eere granted when thenational producers could not supply the domestic market at adequate prices withhigh-quality goods and reasonable delivery dates. The main objective was toassist those industries which were viable.
Duration of the application of the system
The Mexican delegation stated that there was a tendency on the part of theGovernment not to apply such import licences for an indefinite period on thesame products. The actual needs of economic development, and the situation ofthe industry concerned, were instrumental in determining the period for whichthe licensing requirements would remain in force.
Non-discriminatory character of the system
The Mexican delegation pointed out that, according to the law establishingthe system, the prior import licenses were not discriminatory in respect of thecountries of origin from which the goods were imported, nor in respect of thegoods themselves.
COM.TEX/SB/30Page 71
Textile products subject to the system
The Mexican delegation informed the TSB that, at the present time, some90 per cent of imported. textile products, including raw materials, semi-finished and finished articles, were subject to the prior impact licensing system.
Free zones
The Mexican delegation explained that the free zones were situated in remotecities along the United States border of 2,000 kilometres, and in the southernpart of Mexico. On account of the long distance that separated these zones fromthe centres of the industry, it was difficult for the Mexican products to becompetitive in these areas. This was evidenced by the high level of imports intothese free zones as compared with other parts of Mexico. Imports into thesezones, as distinct from imports into the interior of the country, enjoyed thebenefit of a fiscal system that constituted an exemption, whereby such importswere exempted from customs duties. However, the prior import licensing systemapplied equally to the free zones.
COM.TEX/SB/ 30Page
PROCEDURE, AGREED TO BY THE TSB¹ ON THE CASE OF MEXICO NOT BEINGA. CONTRACTING PARTY TO THE GATT, BUT BEING A PARTY
TO THE TEXTILES ARRANGEMENT
1. Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Arrangement lays down that:
"Unless they are justified under the provisions of the GATT (including itsAnnexes and Protocols), all unilateral quantitative restrictions and any otherquantitative measures which have a restrictive effect and which are notifiedin accordance with paragraph 1 above shall be terminated within one year ofthe entry into force of this Arrangement, unless they are the subject of oneof the following procedures to bring them into conformity with the provisionsof this Arrangement .........
2. It is the view of the TSB that a balance of rights and obligations needs tobe established as between parties to the Arrangement which are contracting partiesto the GATT, and those which are not.
3. The Mexican Government, in acceding to the Arrangement under the provisionsor Article 13(2), reaffirmed that Mexico, which is not a contracting party tothe GATT, expects, by virtue of acceding to the Arrangement and in respect ofall matters covered by the Arrangement, to obtain treatment equal to thatafforded to other participating countries having similar economic systems andlevels of development.
4. It was recognized by the TSB that it would be unreasonable and inappropriateto expect a non-contracting party to justify such restrictions before permanentGATT bodies.
5. The TSB noted that it would be important to have regard to the standardsthat would be applied to developing countries; which are contracting parties tothe GATT, bearing in mind the terms of paragraph 2 of Article 13 of the TextilesArrangement.6. Having regard to the foregoing, the TSB considered that inorder to assessthe justification for the maintenance of restrictions by Mexico, the Mexicanauthorities, like all non-contractirng parties to the GATT having similareconomic systems and levels of development could submit a memorandum to theTSB broadly on the lines of the submissions which might be required fromcontracting parties in similar positions and circumstances, and containingrelevant information relating to the economy of Mexico and to its textileindustry, together with supporting statistical data and general economicindicators.
¹The TSB agreed to this procedure at its meeting on 11-12 July 1974(see COM.TEX/SB/27), following its discussions at previous meetings.
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7. The TSB stipulated that the foregoing related only to trade in textiles andwould not constitute any interpretation of the General Agreement, nor prejudicein any way the procedure to be followed were Mexico one day to become acontracting party to the GATT.
