SUPER KABELI KHOLA HYDROPOWER PROJECT, 12 MW ...

SUPER KABELI KHOLA HYDROPOWER PROJECT, 12 MW

TAPLEJUNG DISTRICT

PROVINCE 1

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

Submitted to:

Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE) Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Through

Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation

(MoEWRI)

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal

and

Department of Electricity Development (DoED) Sanogaucharan, Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted by:

Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.

Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal

E-mail: [email protected]

February, 2021

EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW

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क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता १ सामान्य

आयोजनाको नाम सपुर काबेली खोला जलववद्यतु आयोजना आयोजनाको प्रकार रन-अफ-ररभर (RoR)

नदी काबेली खोला नजजकको सहर वफददम

२ स्थान

गााँउपाललका लसररजंघा गााँउपाललका वडा नं. ८, ७,६

जजल्ला ताप्लेजङु्ग

प्रदेश प्रदेश नं.१

अक्ांश ८७°५२'३३" पूवव - ८७°५५'०९"पूवव देशान्तर २७°२५'०९"उत्तर - २७°२७'२४"उत्तर

३ जलववज्ञान

जलाधर क्ेत्र १६२.०५ वगव वक.लम. लडजाइन लडस्चाजव (Q ४४.६ %) ५.९ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड

राइपेररयन ररललज मालसक वहाबको १०%

लडजाइन फ्लोड लडस्चाजव २२७ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड (१०० Yrs. Flood)

४ हेडवकव स

वेयरको प्रकारर Free flow rock chute dam

Crest Length of Wier ६० लम.


ii

क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता Crest Elevation समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा १७०३.०० लम. मालथ

वेयरको उचाई ८.५ लम. from foundation

Undersluice Gate को अकार ३.० लम. x २.५ लम. (१ No.)

Crest Level of Undersluice समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा १६९८ लम. इटेकको प्रकार ओररवफस, साइड इन्टेक

इटेकको आकार २.० लम. x २.० लम. x २ No.s

इन्टेकको लसल तह समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा१७००.०० लम. मालथ

ग्राभेल ट्रापको प्रकार Surface Duffer

ग्राभेल ट्रापको आकार ५.३ लम. x ४.८ लम. x ३.५२ लम. ५ अप्रोच कलभवट

अप्रोच कलभवटको प्रकार Rectangular Box Culvert

लम्बाई ४९ लम. आकार २.० लम. x २.० लम. ६ सेटललङ्ग बेलसन

प्रकार Concrete, Double Bay Duffer

च्याम्बरको संख्या २

आकार ५६ लम. x ७ लम. x ५.१ लम. प्रत्येक

Particle size to be settled >०.२ लम.लम. आकार ५६ लम. x ७ लम. x ५.१ लम. प्रत्येक

Particle size to be settled >०.२ लम.लम. ट्रर् यावपङ दक्ता ९०%

७ Waterways (Headrace Pipe)

प्रकार हेडरेस पाइप, गोलाकार

व्यास १.६ लम. (आन्तररक) लम्बाई ३३९० लम. ८ हेडरेस टनले

आकार Inverted U-shaped

टनेलको आकार २.८ लम. x ३.५ लम. लम्बाई १५०४ लम. ९ सजव साफ्ट

आकार गोलाकार, भवटवकल

व्यास ६.० लम. उचाई ५०.० लम. Up Surge Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १७१६.७७ लम. मालथ

Down Surge Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १६८९.४४ लम. मालथ

Normal Operation Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १७०२.५० लम. मालथ


iii

क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता १० पनेस्टक पाइप

आकार जस्टल पाइप

आन्तररक व्यास १.६ लम. लम्बाई ३६८ लम. ११ ववद्यतुगहृ

प्रकार Surface

आकार ३८ लम. x १४ लम. x १९ लम. Number of Generating Units २

टबावइनको प्रकार पेल्टन

टबावइन एजससस तह समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १४४४.०० लम. मालथ

१२ टेलरेस सयानल

प्रकार Box Culvert

लम्बाई ४५ लम. आकार २.५ लम. x २ लम. १३ टबावइन

प्रकार पेल्टन

संख्या २

Rated Output Capacity Per Unit ६.२५ मे.वा दक्ता ९०%

टबावइन एजससस तह समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १४४४.०० मालथ

नेट हेड २४४.२४ लम. लडस्र्चाजव प्रलत यलुनट २.९५ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड

१४ गभवनर

प्रकार Solid state, PID control

Adjustment for Speed Drop ० देजख १०% लबचमा १५ जेनरेेटर

प्रकार Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous


रेटेड क्मता ७.०६ MVA

भोल्टेज ११ वकलो भोल्ट

Power Factor ०.८५

आवलृत ५० हजव Excitation System Static Type

दक्ता ९६%

RPM ६०० RPM

१६ ट्रान्सफव रमर


iv

क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता प्रकार Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase

रेटेड क्मता ८ MVA


भोल्टेज अनपुात ११/१३२ वकलो भोल्ट

भेसटर ग्रपु YNd११

दक्ता ९९%

१७ ट्रान्सलमसन लाइन र लग्रड

भोल्टेज तह १३२ वकलो भोल्ट, single circuit

लम्बाई १८ वक.लम. (अनमुालनत) Conductor Type ASCR “Bear”

बाट सपुर काबेली खोला जलववद्यतु आयोजनाको स्वीचयाडव

सम्म नेपाल ववद्यतु प्रालधकरणको 33/132 के. भी. को काबेली सवस्टेशन

१९ लनमावण अवलध ३ वषव २० शजि र उजाव

ग्रस हेड २५९ लम. नेट हेड २४४.२४ लम. २१ जडान क्मता १२ मे.वा २२ Estimated Annual Saleable Energy 69.24 लगगा वाट आवर

सखु्खा 20.78 लगगा वाट आवर

Wet 48.46 लगगा वाट आवर

२३ ववजत्तय संकेतक:

B/C अनपुात १.३५

IRR १४.७३%

ROE १९.५८%

आयोजना लागत २३३८.५८ लमललयन

आयोजना लागत प्रलत वकलो वाट १८०४ USD/kW

२४ लनमावण अवलध ३ वषव

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cfjZos hUufM

s|.; hUufsf] k|sf/ ;/sf/L -x]_ lghL -x]_ hDdf -x]_

s+rgh3f+ ;+/If0f If]q

afFemf] Vf]nfsf] au/ s'n

! :yfoL ! =*# ) =# @=!# *=!% !) =@*

@ c:yfoL ) =@ ) =@ ) =!% ) =#%

hDdf ! =*# ) ) =% @=## *=# !) =^#

lgdf{0f cjlwdf !)=^# x]S6/ -!)=@* x]S6/ :yfoL / )=#% x]S6/ c:yfoL_ hUuf cfjZostf kg]{5 .

To:t} lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿ h:t} t]n, df]lan, lu|h, OGwg tyf cGo t/n kbfy{sf] r'xfj6, Wjlg k|b"if0f, hdLgsf]

cl:y/tf / df6f]sf] IfoLs/0f, k|fs[lts hn axfjdfu{df kl/jt{g, cfof]hgfsf] ;+/rgfn] e"agf}6df kl/jt{g,

9'ªuf vfgL ;~rfng, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L y'kfg]{ / pTvgg\ ubf{ lg:sg] df6f] tyf 9'+ufn] kfg]{ k|efj cflb h:tf

k|efj lgdf{0f r/0fdf b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy} ;~rfng r/0fdf vf]nfsf] kfgLsf] axfjdf sdL, vf]nfsf] :yfgLo

hnjfo'df kg]{ k|efj, ljB't u[xaf6 lg:sg] Wjlg, t]n, lu|h tyf cGo /f;folgs kbfy{sf] r'xfj6, kfgLsf]

u'0f:t/df kg]{ k|efj, gbL y'lgP/ x'g ;Sg] c;/ cflb d'Vo x'g\ .

^=@ h}ljs jftfj/0fLo k|efj

h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] d'Vo k|efjx¿df s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qaf6 %)) -kf]n !@$ / ¿v #&^_ j6f


vii

¿vx¿h;dWo] sGrghËf ;+/If0f If]q jgaf6 sfl6g] 5g\ / ;+/If0f If]qsf] s"n @=## x]= hUufdf @=!# x]=

:yfoL / )=@)) x]= c:yfoL ¿kdf pkof]u ul/g]5 . To:t} af6f] ;~rfngsf sf/0f tyf cGo ;~rflnt

;fwgsf sf/0f jGohGt' / r/fx¿ c:yfoL ¿kdf a;fO{ ;g{ ;S5g\ . cGo k|efjx¿df jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg

tyf cfjthfjtdf afwf, hnr/ k|f0fLsf] af;:yfg tyf cfjthfjtdf cj/f]w, kfgL PSsf;L lg:sFbf hnr/

/ ynr/ k|f0fLdf kg]{ c;/ cflb x'g\ .

^=# ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj

cfof]hgfsf] nflu *=!% x]= :yfoL / )=!% x]= c:yfoL hUuf @% 3/w'/Lx¿af6 k|fKt ug]{5 . JolQmut

:jf:y / ;'/Iff, vf]nfdf kfgLsf] axfj 36\gfn] :yfgLonfO{ kg{ ;Sg] k|efj, cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] ;dodf

dflg;x¿sf] rxnkxn a9\g], ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / ;+/rgfdf bafj a9\g ;Sg] d'Vo ;fdflhs k|efjx¿ x'g\

. cfof]hgf ;~rfng xF'bf lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf l;h{gf ePsf] /f]huf/L u'Dg]5 / s]xL sfdbf/n] :yfoL ¿kdf

/f]huf/L kfpg]5g\ . cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f ubf{ a9]sf] cfly{s l:ytL cfof]hgf ;~rfng cjlwdf 36\g]5

h;n] ubf{ :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿sf] laqmL ljt/0f 36\g]5 . o;n] ubf{ :yfgLo :t/df ljleGg ls|ofsnfkdf

kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .

&= ljsNkx¿sf] ljZn]if0f

jftfj/0fLo c;/x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu ;lhn} pknAw x'g] / cfly{s ¿kdf klg pko'Qm x'g] lsl;dsf

k|ljlwx¿nfO{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]q 5gf]6 ubf{ ljleGg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbOPsf] lyof] h:t}M

kx'Frdfu{, kfgLsf] dfqf, cf}ift prfO{, jftj/0fdf kg]{ k|efj cflb . gsf/fTds c;/x¿nfO{ sd ug{sf] nflu

vf]nfsf] b'j}lt/sf] lsgf/sf] cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] .

*= Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿

*=! ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0f

lghL hUuf k|flKt ;s];Dd sd ul/g]5 . afof] OlGhlgol/Ë k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 hldgsf] l:y/tf sfod ug{

k|of; ul/g]5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf ;lqmo klx/f]x¿nfO{ klxrfg u/L /f]syfd ul/g]5 . ;txsf]

df6f]nfO{ ;+sng u/L sfo{ ;dflKt kZrft\ k'gM k|of]u ul/g]5 . lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L nufot ;txsf] df6f]nfO{

plrt :yfgdf e08f/0f ul/g]5 .

e08f/0fsf] nflu phf8 jf ¿v–la¿jf gePsf] :yfgnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ljleGg ;'/Iff

;fdfu|Lx¿ h:t} Oo/ uf8{, x]Nd]6, kGhf, a'6 cflb pknAw u/fOg]5 . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

SofDkdf zf}rfno / ;]lK6s 6\ofFsL agfOg]5 . ;fdfu|L e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yfgnfO{ /fd|f];Fu tf/af/ ul/g]5 .

;jf/L ;fwgsf] lgoldt ;Def/ ul/g]5 . k]|;/ xg{ lgif]w ul/g]5 . w'nf] p8\g] :yfgdf lgoldt kfgL 5s{g]

Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . oL lgdf{0f r/0fdf ul/g] s]xL Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿ x'g\ . :yfgLo hnjfo'df kg]{ k|efj

sd ug{ x/]s dlxgf kfgLsf] axfjsf] !)Ü cf};t ¿kdf jftfj/0fLo axfasf] ¿kdf sfa]nL vf]nfdf kfgL

5f]l8g]5 . r]tfjgL ;fO/g h8fg u/L :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ crfgs 5f]l8g] kfgL af/] ;r]t u/fOg]5 .

cfof]hgfn] ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx¿nfO{ l8hfOgsf] ;dob]lv g} Vofn ul/Psf]

5 / sltko pkfox¿nfO{ lgdf{0f vr{d} ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fLo

k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu 5 s/f]8 pgfG;o nfv -^,((,)),)))_ ¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 .

*=@ h}ljs jftfj/0f

cfof]hgfn]] s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qaf6 sfl6g] %)) ¿vsf] ;§fdf !M@% cg'kftdf, !@,%)) j6f ¿vsf

la¿jfx¿ tf]lsPsf] :yfgx¿df /f]lkg]5 . To;}u/L s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qsf] @=## x]= :yfoL hUuf k|of]u u/]

afkt k|lt x]= !^)) la¿jfsf] b/n] #&@* ¿vsf la¿jfx¿ j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g]5 .

o; cfof]hgfn] *=# x]= -*=!% x]= :yfoL / )=!% x]= c:yfoL_ hUuf lsGgsf] nflu Ps s/f]8 krf; nfv

cf7 xhf/ ;ft ;o klRr; ¿k}ofF -!%,))*,&@%_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 . o;/L nufO{Psf ¿v la¿jfsf] cfof]hgfn]

% jif{;Dd /]vb]v u/L ;DAflGwt Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{5 . o; afx]s lj:kmf]6gsf] sfo{ lbgsf]

;dodf dfq} ul/g]5 . afof] OlGhlgol/Ësf] k|of]un] le/fnf] hldgdf ePsf] jgIf]qsf] ;+/If0f ul/g]5 .


viii

cfof]hgfn] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f cflbsf] nflu ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 .

kDKn]6, hgr]tgfd"ns ;fdfu|Lx¿sf]] k|of]u, xf]l8{Ë af]8{sf] k|of]u, jgdf nfUg] cfuf]sf] lgoGq0f ug'{sf ;fy}

lgdf{0f sfo{af6 jGohGt' / tLgsf af;:yfgdf sdeGbf sd c;/ kg]{ u/L sfd ug]{5 . o;sf ;fy}

cfof]hgfn] jGohGt'sf] af;:yfgsf] ;'/Iff, crfgs 5f]l8g] kfgLsf] /f]syfd / cfktsflng cj:yf r]tfjgL

;fO/gsf] k|of]udf klg ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 . o; h}ljs jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f sfo{ ug{sf] nflu

cfof]hgfn] hDdf ;ft s/f]8 5ofnL; nfv ;f7L xhf/ cf7 ;o krf; -&,$^,^),*%)_ ¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf]

5 .

*=# ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f

o; cfof]hgfn] kfg{ ;Sg] ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{ k|fKt

ul/Psf hUufx¿sf] plrt d"NofÍg tyf plrt /sdsf] Joj:yfkg, hUuf k|fKt ubf{ s[lif hldgaf6

Iflt x'g] afnLx¿sf] cfly{s d"NofÍg u/L tLgsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf cfof]hgfn] ug]{5 . @=%@ x]

:yfoL hUuf k|fKt u/] afkt ¿= Ps s/f]8 ;t;ÝL nfv krf;L xhf/ -!,^&,*%,)))_ / #=$ x]= ef8fdf

lnOPsf] hUufsf] ¿ ;GtfgAa] xhf/ kfFr ;o -(&,%))_ Ifltk"lt{ ug]{5 . To;}u/L, $@^ j6f lghL

hUufaf6 sfl6g] ¿vx¿sf] ¿= kfFr s/f]8 PsfpGg nfv krxQ/ xhf/ -%%,!&%,)))_ Ifltk"lt{ ug]{5

.

cfof]hgfsf] 7]s]bf/n] JolQmut ;'/Iffsf ;fdfu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg], cUgL lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{, ;fjwfgL

/ vt/fsf] ;+s]tsf] cfjZos / plrt :yfgdf k|of]u ug]{5 . lj:kmf]6g ug]{ If]qdf :yfgLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L

ug{ ;fO/g ahfOg] 5 / /ftf] emG8fsf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ljleGg ;'/Iff tflnd lbg'sf ;fy}

hgwgsf] Ifltsf] k|rlnt P]g, lgodcg';f/ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . c:yfoL SofDkdf !% -kGw|_ hgf

a/fa/ Ps zf}rfno lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . k|fylds pkrf/sf] nflu k|fylds pkrf/ ;fdfu|L /flvg]5 .

lghL ;Dkltsf] ;Ddfg, :yfgLosf] clwsf/ / /LtLl/jfhsf] ;Ddfg ug{'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs ljs[lt ;[hgf x'g

;Sg] ls|ofsnfkx¿nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf /f]s nufOg]5 . o;sf ;fy} :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] nflu ljleGg hLljsf]kfh{g

/ ;Lkd"ns tflndx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f

sfo{ ug{sf] nflu cfof]hgfn] hDdf ¿= 5 s/f]8 bz nfv krf; xhf/ ;ft ;o pglGt; -^!,)%),&@(_

¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 .

o; cfof]hgfsf] Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf] pkfox¿sf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L k|:tfjssf] x'g]5 . k|:tfljt

Go"gLs/0f pkfox¿ nfu" ug{] lhDd]jf/L cfof]hgf Joj:yfks / 7]sbf/sf] x'g]5 . k|:tfjsn] o; Go"gLs/0f

pkfo sfo{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos lj1x¿ s/f/df lng]5 . jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu

cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfo{fnodf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg PsfO{sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 .

(=jftfj/0fLo clej[l4 / ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj

;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qdf ljleGg lsl;dsf pkfox¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿ tof/

kfl/Psf] 5 h;dWo] :jf:Yo, lzIff, vfg]kfgLsf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{, ;8s, u|fld0f :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;an

agfpg ;xof]u ug]{, ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflnd, hghfltsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ ;xfos sfo{qmd ug]{ cflb /x]sf

5g\ . o;sf lglDt nfut vr{sf cltl/Qm s"n ¿= Ps s/f]8 5oxt/ nfv -!&,^)),)))_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 .

o;sf cltl/St cfof]hgfn] :yflgo :t/df kfg]{ ;sf/Tds k|efjx¿ clej[l4sf nflu ltg s/f]8 klRr;

nfv -#,@%),)))_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 .

!)= jftfj/0fLo cg'udg

cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f / ;~rfngaf6 :yfgLo:t/sf] jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|lts"n k|efjx¿nfO{ cfof]hgfn]

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ug]{5 .

Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 5}g eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{sf lglDt jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

of]hgfnfO{ cfof]hgfs} c+usf] ¿kdf ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] sf/0fn] :yfgLo :t/sf] ef}lts,

/f;folgs, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF+:s[lts If]qdf k/]sf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ x6fpg] jf


ix

Go"gLs/0f ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L cfof]hgfsf] g} x'g]5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg cWoogn] k|:tfj u/]sf]

jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf k|:tfjs / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu

cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, phf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;+rfO{ dGqfno,

s+rghª\3f ;/+If0f If]q, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, l8lehg jg sfof{no, ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf, j8f sfof{no,

lgb]{zg lbg] k|fljlws 6f]nL tyf lgdf{0f 7]s]bf/x¿ cflb /xg] 5g\ . o;sf nflu cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg PsfO{n]

ljleGg pk–PsfO{x¿ v8f u/L cfjZos dfgjLo ;+zfwgsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgn] l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/ Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿ cjnDag u/] gu/]sf]

cg'udg ug{ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg] s'/fx¿df /fo lngsf lglDt cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo

Joj:yfkg PsfO{ v8f ul/g]5 . cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f r/0fdf cfof]hgf sfof{non] :yfgLo hg;d'bfo / cGo

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;Dks{, ;+jfb, 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ ljdz{x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fpg]5 . o; afx]s

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg sfo{fnon] jftfj/0fLo k|efj klxrfg ug{ lglb{i6 ;"rsf+sx¿sf] lglb{i6 :yfgx¿df,

lglb{i6 ;dofjlwdf cg'udg ug]{5 . jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg PsfO{n] o;sf cltl/Qm cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg

r/0fdf cjnDag ul/g] pkfox¿df jftfj/0fLo dfkb08sf] k|of]u u/] gu/]sf] klg cg'udg ug]{5 .

jftfj/0fLo cg'udgdf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] lbPsf ;'emfjx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfof]hgfn] cfjZos

kxn ug]{5 .

cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] b'O{ jif{kl5 jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf] jftfj/0f ljefun] cfof]hgfsf]

jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug]{5 .

cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] lglDt nfUg] vr{ ;tf;L nfv -*,&)),)))_ ¿k}ofF tyf jftfj/0fLo

k/LIf0fsf lglDt nfUg] vr{ bz nfv -!,))),)))_ ¿k}ofF cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] dflysf ;a} vr{

;dfj]z u/L jftfj/0fLo vr{ t]x| s/f]8 rpGg nfv pGg;f7L xhf/ rf/ ;o pGgrf; -!#%,$%(,$$(_

¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 / of] cfof]hgfsf] s"n cfwf/e"t nfut ¿=b'O{ ca{ t]lTt; s/f]8 krf;L nfv c;L xhf/

-@,##*,%*),)))_ ¿k}ofsf] %=&( Ü x'g cfpF5.

!!=lgisif{

klxrfg ul/Psf clwsf+z gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ of]Uo xb;Dd Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf

lglDt o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfljt Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] k"0f{ ¿kdf cjnDag ul/g'k5{ . o;sf ;fy} o;

k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt ;'emfj tyf pkfox¿ ;du| k|efljt a:tL, ;d'bfo, tyf :yfgLox¿sf] hLjg:t/

psf:gdf ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . oL ;Gbe{x¿nfO{ x]bf{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg cWoogn] lgb]{zg u/] cg'¿ksf]

jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf pNn]lvt ljleGg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{ zt{df cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfng

:jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]lvG5 .


x

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION

The proponent of the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project (SKKHP) is Hilton Hydro

Energy Pvt. Ltd. The contact address of proponent is as follows:

Name: Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.

Address: Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone No: 016911637, 9851220305

Email: [email protected]

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project area is located in wards 6, 7, 8 of

Sirijangha Rural Municipality of Taplejung district of Province 1 of Nepal.

Geographically the project area lies between the latitudes of between latitudes of 27°25'09"

N to 27°27'24" N and longitudes of 87°52'33" E to 87°55'09" E. Super Kabeli Khola Hydro

Power Project (SKKHPP) is run-of- River (RoR) type project with installed capacity of 12

MW. The available gross head of 259 m and design discharge of 5.9 m3/s. The total saleable

energy is estimated 69.24 GWh with 20.78 GWh at dry months of year and 48.46 GWh at wet

months of the year. This project comprises of Headworks, Settling basin, Headrace tunnel,

Surge shaft, Powerhouse and Tailrace. The generated power can be evacuated to the proposed

NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station through 132 kV single circuit transmission line

which is about 18 km away from the proposed powerhouse.

Main Features of proposed project:

S.N. Features Description

1 General

Name of the Project Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project

Type of the Project Run-off River (RoR)

River Kabeli Khola

Nearest Town Phidim

2 Location

Rural municipality Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward no. 8, 7,6

District Taplejung

Province Province no.1

Longitude 87°52'33" E - 87°55'09" E

Latitude 27°25'09" N - 27°27'24" N

3 Hydrology

Catchment Area 162.05 km2

Design Discharge (Q 44.6 %) 5.9 m3/s

4 Headworks

Type of Weir Free flow rock chute dam

Crest Length of Wier 60 m

Crest Elevation 1703.00 m amsl

5 Approach Culvert

Type of Approach Culvert Rectangular Box Culvert

Length 49 m


xi

Size 2.0 m x 2.0 m

6 Settling Basin

Type Concrete, Double Bay Duffer

No of Chamber 2

Size 56 m x 7 m x 5.1 m each

7 Waterways (Headrace

Pipe)

Type Headrace pipe, circular

Diameter 1.6 m (internal)

Length 3390 m

8 Headrace Tunnel

Shape Inverted U-shaped

Tunnel Size 2.8 m x 3.5 m

Length 1504 m

9 Surge Shaft

Type Circular, Vertical

Diameter 6.0 m

Height 50.0 m

10 Penstock Pipe

Type Steel Pipe

Internal Diameter 1.6 m

Length 368 m

11 Power House

Type Surface

Size 38 m x 14 m x 19 m

Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 m amsl

12 Tail-Race Canal

Type Box Culvert

Length 45 m

13 Turbine

Efficiency 90%

Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl

Net Head 244.24 m

14 Governor

Type Solid state, PID control

Adjustment for Speed Drop Between 0 to 10%

15 Generator

Type Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous

Rated Capacity 7.06 MVA

Voltage 11 kV

16 Transformer

Type Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase

Rated Capacity 8 MVA

Number 2

Efficiency 99%


xii

3. STUDY METHODOLOGY

The study methodologies include desk study, field study and impact identification through

impact assessment matrix. The desk study includes the review of literatures, feasibility report

of the project and EIA reports of similar projects. The prevailing plans, policies, acts, rules,

regulations, guidelines etc. have been cited while preparing this EIA report.

Most of the physical environmental impacts or issues were identified and evaluated on

observation. Water samples were analysed and expert interpretation were carried out. Physical

data on landslide, slope instability were analysed based on field visit and interpretation.

Geological and Geo-morphological data was analysed based on the feasibility survey. For

vegetation analysis, the quantitative data analyzed from total enumeration of tree of the study

area.

Various related demographic data of Taplejung and project affected Rural Municipality and

ward published from Central Bureau of Statistics were also used as secondary data for

preparing this EIA report. Focused group discussion and interview of local resource persons,

wards and other concerns officials, representatives and others were carried out for EIA.

Similarly, questionnaire survey was also done among project affected families. Public hearing

was organized on 2076 Asoj 5 in ward 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality and recommendation

letter with comment and suggestion also has been prepared. In addition, a team of expert was

involved in collection of various physio-chemical, biological and Socio-economic and cultural

data needed for the EIA study.

17 Transmission Line and

Grid

Voltage Level 132 kV, single circuit

From Switchyard of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project

To NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station

19 Construction Period 3 years

20 Power and Energy

Gross Head 259 m

Net Head 244.24 m

21 Installed Capacity 12 MW

22 Estimated Annual Saleable

Energy

69.24 GWh

Dry 20.78 GWh

Wet 48.46 GWh

23 Financial Indicator:

B/C ratio 1.35

IRR 14.73%

ROE 19.58%

Project Cost 2338.58 million NPR

Project Cost per kW 1804 USD/kW

24 Construction Period 3 Years


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4. STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENT

EIA for hydropower project is mandatory, if any hydropower of installed capacity of more than

50 MW and if lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area, as per

EPR, 2077. Similarly, as per EPR, 2077, Schedule 3, Section 1 and sub-section 9, if the project

use more than 5 ha forest area, EIA is necessary and approval from MoFE is necessary.

There is no clear provision in EPR 2077 for the project for the project with installed capacity

more than 10 MW to 50 MW if project lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest

Conservation Area. Therefore, this EIA has been prepared inspite of the policy confusion as

the project required EIA or IEE even though the project lies in Kanchangha Conservation Area

(KCA). This EIA report is sufficient even if the project requires only IEE in the future in terms

of coverage of environmental issues and mitigation. The EIA report will be approved by

Ministry of Forests and Environment. The MOFE has already granted permission for

conducting EIA study and Scoping and TOR has been already approved.

5. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF THE PROJECT AREA

5.1 Physical Environment

The project elevation ranges from 1703 to 1444 m amsl. Most of the terrain is either covered

by dense to medium dense vegetation or is terraced farmed. Data from the nearest

meteorological station at Taplejung, reveals the temperature varying between maximum of

26.8ºC to a minimum of 2.6ºC. The mean annual precipitation over the SKKEP catchment is

estimated to be 1500 mm.

The proposed project area belongs to the rocks of the Higher Himalaya. The predominant rock

type in the proposed project area is quartzite. The predominant rock types in the head works

site are quartzite and intercalated bands of mica schist.

5.2 Biological Environment

The project area belongs to sub-tropical climatic zone. The project area lies in Kanchenjunga

Conservation area. The altitude of the project site varies from 1703 to 1444 m from mean seal

level. The main tree species found in the project area Aaru (Prunus persica), Angeri (Lyonia

ovalifolia), Asare (Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus

anacardicum), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus

neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis (Leucoseptrum canum), Guras

(Rhododendron arboreum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminata), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo

(Wendlandia puberlua), Katus (Castanopsis tribuloides), Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath

(Swidaob longaa), Malato (Macaranga pustulata), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro

(Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta (Brassasopsis mitis), Salla (Pinus

roxburghii), Siris (Albizia sp.), Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum) and Utis (Alnus nepalensis).

Among the agricultural crops grown in the village settlements, some of them are :- Makai (Zea

mays), Gahun (Triticum aestivum), Phapar (Fagopyrum esculentum), Gahat (Dolichos

biflorus), Maas (Phaseolus mungo), Kerau (Pisum sativum), Bodi (Vigna sinensis), Ghiraula

(Luffa cylindrica), Chichindo (Trichosanthes dioca), Kankro (Cucumis sativum), Tite Karela

(Momordica charantia), Bhanta (Solanum melongena), Rayo ko Sag (Brassica juncea), Aloo

(Solanum tuberosum), Banda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Kauli (Brassica oleracea var.

botrytes), Simi (Phaseolus vulgaris), Golbhenda (Lycopersicon esculentum), Pyaj (Allium


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cepa), Lasun (Allium sativum), Aduwa (Zinziber officinale), Ukhu (Saccharum officinarum),

Besar (Curcuma domestica), etc.

Some of the common mammalian species reported from the region are: Red Panda (Ailurus

fulgens), Himalayan Striped Squirrel (Tamiops macclellandi), Red Giant Flying Squirrel

(Petaurista petaurista), House Rat (Rattus rattus), Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix porcupine),

Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis), Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes

auropunctatus), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), Rhesus

Macaque (Macaca mulatta), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Common Goral

(Naemorhedus goral), etc.

Similarly, the common reptiles reported from the project area include Asiatic rat snake (Ptyas

mucosa); Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus); White-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus

albolabris); Kramer's pit viper (Trimeresurus septentrionalis), Sikkim skink (Asymblepharus

sikimmensis). Some of the common amphibians reported by the people of the KCA include

Common Asian toad (Bufo melanostictus); Meghalaya stream frog (Amolops marmoratus);

skittering frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis).

Furthermore, the common birds sighted from the project area include Kaag (Corvus splendens),

Kaaliz (Lophura leucomelama), Dhukur (Streptopelia chinensis), Daangre (Acridotheres

tristis), Laampuchchhre (Cissa erythrorhyncha), etc.

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) and Faketa (Barilius bendelisis), are the major fish fauna

present in project area. Fishes found in project area are mid-range migratory and short range

migratory fish species.

5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project

affected district, i.e. Taplejung, is 127,461 with male 60,552 and female 66,909 with the

average sex ratio of 90.5 and the total households of 26,509; the average household size is

4.81.

The project area covers Sirijungha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8 of Taplejung district.

According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project-affected

Rural Municipality is 15,806 with male 7,482 and female 8,324. Similarly, the total households

in the project-affected Rural Municipality is 3,227.


ward is 931 with male 2169 and female 2387. 25 HHs will be affected by project comprising

total of 127 population with 70 male and 57 female.

Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not anticipated

with this project. Kabeli khola is not used for any proposes of water mill or micro hydro

or irrigation canal or cremation site or drinking purpose within the dewatered stretch.

6. Environmental Impacts

A. Beneficial Impacts

Employment opportunity is given to 300 people during peak construction phase. 20 people will

be employed in operation phase. The development of the Hydroelectric Project accelerates in

developing economic condition of the whole country. In the proposed Project the net energy

generation will be 69.24 GWh. Apart from the direct benefit of generating hydroelectricity, the


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project will have number of other indirect benefits during the construction stage as well as

operational stage.

B. Adverse Impacts

6.1 Physical Environmental Impacts

The key identified adverse physical environmental impacts in the project area are changes in

land use.

Required Land:

S. N Land type Gov. Pvt Total

KCA Barren RFP Subtotal

1 Permanent 1.83 0.3 2.13 8.15 10.28

2 Temporary 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.35

Total 1.83 0 0.5 2.33 8.3 10.63

About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.

Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.

In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will

be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land.

Impact on water quality due to leakage of fuel, grease and other liquid materials, impact on

noise level, land stability erosion and sedimentation, natural drainages, groundwater and

springs, minerals, changes in topography, etc. Impacts due to Construction of different project

components include impact on natural drainages due to canal crossing, operation of quarry

sites, stockpiling of construction materials and disposal of spoils, loss of top soil during

restoration, etc. Likewise, impact in micro-climate in the dewatered section, changes in river

hydrology and river flow, noise and vibration in powerhouse area, changes in water quality due

to reduced flow, leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals, etc. are the impacts during the

operation phase.

6.2 Biological Environmental Impacts

The key identified adverse biological environmental impacts in the kanchanjunga conservation

area are due to cutting down of 500 trees (pole 124 and tree 376). Project will require 2.33 ha

of land from KCA (Permanent-2.13 ha and Temporary Land 0.2 ha). All those Government

Land is under the management of KCA. Due to the increase in vehicular movement animals

migrate in search of another habitat. Also it affects the habitat and migratory animals and birds.

Due to the operation of road and other construction vehicles, wildlife and birds along the

alignment will be disturbed and they may temporarily migrate away. Other impacts include

disturbance to the habitats of wildlife, disturbance to the aquatic habitats, etc. Operation phase

impacts include impact on terrestrial wildlife and aquatic wildlife due to sudden release of

water from the dam.

6.3 Socioeconomic & cultural environmental Impacts

Due to acquisition land (8.15 ha permanently and 0.15 ha temporarily) 25 HHs will be affected.

Construction phase impacts include occupational safety and health, impact on the locals in the


xvi

dewatered zone, increase in the pressure to the social service facilities, impact to the socially

disadvantageous groups.The project induced economic activities during the construction phase

will end with the completion of construction phase of the project. Significant number of

workforces will lose the project job, and only few staff will remain during the operation phase.

The withdrawal of economic activities will drastically reduce the demand for local agricultural,

dairy and meat products resulting reduced income of the local communities of the area. This

boom and bust effects of the project will also have some impacts on the lifestyle of the local

people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.

6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

Easily available and cost effective technologies are proposed to be used to avoid/ minimize the

environmental degradation. The project site has been selected based on accessibility, river

discharge, its head and minimum impact on the environment. Both the banks were studied for

project structures to minimize the adverse impacts. Current situation of power crisis in the

country urges for rapid expansion of power projects.

7. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

7.1 Physical and chemical Environment

The permanent land acquisition will be minimized to the extent as possible. Bioengineering

will be done to stabilize land. All possible and active landslides which may be induced due to

the project activities will be identified and considered for treatment. The top soil from the

excavated places will be collected in one location and reused after the completion of project

work. The topsoil will be stockpiled and covered by plastic.

The main stockpiling of construction material will be carried out at barren land and / or unused

land to prevent any impact on forestland. Ear guards will be provided to the construction

workers involved in noise prone activities. Management of waste and spoil, provision of toilets

and septic tanks will be made in all camps. The area used for the storage of the construction

material will be fenced and entry of unauthorized person will be prohibited. Regular

maintenance of project vehicles and equipment will be carried out. Use of pressure horns by

the project related vehicles will be minimized in the project area to minimize the impact of

noise pollution. Water spraying will be carried out in all the gravel and earthen roads within

the project area two times in a day for nine months in one year to minimize the impacts of dust

and air pollution. These are some of the mitigation measures, including others, to be carried

out for physical and chemical environments during construction phase of the project.

To minimize the impact on microclimate mandatory release of 10% of the average monthly

flow from the weir axis will be made; siren system will be installed for warning or informing

people of the downstream before sudden release of water.

Project has proposed to mitigate the physical impacts right from the design phase. Most of the

mitigation measures are incorporated in civil design with cost. Project has allocated NRs.

3,000,000 for the mitigation of adverse impacts on physical and chemical environments.


Compensatory plantation at 1:25 ratio for 500 trees greater than 10 cm DBH cleared will be

done for which 12,500 seedlings will be planted. In addition, 3,728 seedlings (1600 /ha

seedling) will be planted for permanently using 2.33 ha of national forest. The project will bear


xvii

all the cost for plantation and rearing them for 5 years, after which project will hand over the

planted trees to concerned organization. Project has allocated NRs. 15,008,725 for land

purchase for the replacement for using 2.33 ha (2.13 ha permanent and 0.2 ha temporary)

government land. In addition, the enhanced plantation in barren land and exposed slope and

to riverbank protection, bioengineering on the exposed slope and maintenance of sustainability

in the project area are the main mitigation measures. The project will use blasting works in

daytime only, when needed. Slope management and protection will be also done.

Various awareness programs, IEC materials, hoarding boards, forest fire management, as

minimum as possible disturbances to wild lives and forest sources and prevention and

controlling of encroachment and illegal collection of forest sources are also mitigation

measures included for minimizing the biological impacts. The project will also ensure the

protection of habitat of wildlife, prevention of sudden release of water and use of siren in case

of emergency and during sudden release of water are some of the mitigation measures proposed

during operation phase. Project has allocated NRs. 40,858,720 for the mitigation of adverse

impacts on biological environment.


The major mitigation measures proposed to cope with the identified impacts on socio-economic

environments are lease payment to the temporarily acquired agricultural land and lease of

government land. The compensation cost for using 8.15 ha of permanent land is NRs

55,175,000 and for leasing 0.15 ha land is NRs 97,500.

The Project Contractor will provide Personal Protective Equipment such as hardhat, eyeglasses,

safety boot, safety belt, gloves, firefighting accessories, caution signals and other safety

equipment as required at particular sites and work areas to minimize the impact on occupational

safety and health. Siren will be blown prior to the blasting activities and red flag will be placed

in the blasting spot. Safety training will be carried out and any loss of life or injury will be

compensated as per prevailing rules. The Project Contractor will make available the labors with

potable drinking water, clean toilets with adequate water facilities. Toilets will be made in

temporary camps at the rate of one toilet for 15 people. First aid kits will be in ready to use

condition for preliminary treatment.

The workers will be instructed to deal in responsible manners during and after the working

hours, respecting the rights, property and practices of the local people. Priority will be given to

the local people in project works.

A package of enhancement measures will be launched to minimize the impact of sudden

declining economic activities which started during the construction phase. Employment

priority will be given to local people during operation phase also. Project has allocated NRs.

61,050,729 for the mitigation of socio-economic and cultural environment.

The proponent will have prime responsibility for the implementation of proposed mitigation

measures. Project Contractor will be responsible for the implementation of proposed mitigation

measures. Proponent will hire necessary experts for the implementation of mitigation measures

mentioned above. An environment management unit will be established at the Project

Managers Office for implementation of environmental mitigation measures.


xviii

8. ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND COMMUNITY SUPPORT

PROGRAM

Various sensitive mitigation measures have been designed from among most of the alternative

mitigation options to minimize the adverse environmental effects and also by maximizing the

beneficial ones. The enhancement programs in the affected area include education support,

health care facility support, drinking water supply support, upgrading and establishment of road

development, infrastructures support, etc. Project has proposed NRS. 17,600,000 for CSP and

NRs. 3,250,000 for various beneficial activities.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

To ensure implementation of the mitigation measures and to assure that the project construction

and operation do not degrade the environmental quality of the project-affected areas, an

environmental management plan has been structured as a part of the project. The proponent of

the project has the prime responsibility for the implementation of the environmental

management plan in co-ordination with the other project stakeholders, which include MoFE,

MoEWRI, DoED, KCA, DFO, Rural Municipality, NGOs, Local Concern Committees, local

people and representatives of local CBOs, supervising engineers, and the project contractors.

To ensure that the EIA recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are duly

carried out and disseminated to the stakeholders for feedback and improvement, the Project

will establish an Environmental Management Office and it will be managed by the qualified

environmental experts, whose sole responsibility will be to monitor the implementation of the

environmental mitigation measures and direct project supervising engineers through project

management office for needed action and coordination.

Besides, the environmental management office will regularly liaise with the local communities

and other project stakeholders with regard to the concerned environmental matters. Apart from

this, the project management office will regularly monitor the environmental indicators at

specified locations with an objective to identify any unforeseen environmental effects of the

project and regularly suggest the project management and the stakeholders for the

implementation of corrective actions, if needed, to make the project environment friendly. The

MoFE will carry out an environmental audit of project after two years of the project operation.

The estimated cost for the environmental monitoring will be NRs 8,700,000 for 30 years. The

cost required for the environmental auditing will be NRs 1,000,000. Total environmental cost

required for the project will be NRs 135,459,449, which will be 5.79 % of the total project cost

i.e. NRs. 2,338,580,000.

10. CONCLUSION

All of the identified and perceived impacts can be mitigated and minimized to acceptable level.

The prescribed cost effective and practical mitigation measures need to be accomplished. The

environmental enhancement measures proposed for implementation by the project targeting

the affected communities will help upgrade the quality of life of the affected communities. In

view of the above considerations, it is recommended that the project can be given development

licensing in conditions that the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures will be

implemented as per the Environmental Management Plan prescribed in this EIA report.


xix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z.............................................................................................................................. i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... xix

LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................... xxviii

LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................ xxix

LIST OF ANNEX ............................................................................................................... xxxii

ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ............................................................................. xxxiii

CHAPTER: I ............................................................................................................................ 1

1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Agency Responsible for Preparing EIA report ........................................................... 1

1.2.1 The Proponent ...................................................................................................... 1

1.2.2 Organization Responsible for Preparing Report .................................................. 2

1.3 Time Schedule ............................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Objectives of EIA Study ............................................................................................. 3

1.5 Rationality of Conducting EIA Study ......................................................................... 4

1.6 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER: II........................................................................................................................... 5

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................... 5

2.1 Project description and location .................................................................................. 5

2.2 Project Location .......................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Project Accessibility .................................................................................................... 9

2.4 Description and salient features of the Project .......................................................... 10

2.5 Project Description .................................................................................................... 13

2.5.1 Headworks site ................................................................................................... 13

2.5.2 Surge Shaft ......................................................................................................... 14

2.5.3 Penstock Pipe ..................................................................................................... 14

2.5.4 Powerhouse ........................................................................................................ 15

2.5.5 Tailrace Canal .................................................................................................... 15

2.6 Electromechanical Equipment................................................................................... 15

2.7 Electrical Equipment ................................................................................................. 16

2.8 Internal Access Road ..................................................................................................... 17


xx

2.9 Transmission Line .......................................................................................................... 17

2.10 Construction Planning .................................................................................................. 18

2.10.2 Contract Packaging ............................................................................................ 18

2.10.3 Construction Power ............................................................................................... 18

2.11 Land Requirement ........................................................................................................ 19

2.12 Construction Materials .......................................................................................... 21

2.10.1 Key Project Activities ........................................................................................ 22

2.13 Quarry and Borrow Pits ......................................................................................... 23

2.14 Land Clearance Excavation and Cut-fill Works .................................................... 23

2.15 Disposal Sites for Excavated Materials ................................................................. 24

2.16 Construction Camps and Office ............................................................................ 25

2.17 Construction Yard, Parking and Stock Piling of Construction Materials.............. 25

2.18 Crusher and Batching Plant .................................................................................. 25

2.19 Construction Human Resources ............................................................................ 26

2.20 Project Area Delineation ....................................................................................... 26

2.20.1 Core Project Area ............................................................................................... 27

2.20.2 Surrounding Area ............................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER: III ....................................................................................................................... 30

3 EIA Study Methodology ................................................................................................ 30

3.1 Desk Study ................................................................................................................ 30

3.2 Field Study ................................................................................................................ 31

3.2.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................ 31

3.2.2 Biological Environments ................................................................................... 32

3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ....................................................... 33

3.3 Data Collection Procedure ........................................................................................ 34

3.3.1 Literature Review............................................................................................... 35

3.3.2 Field Study and Site Inspection ......................................................................... 36

3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation ............................................................................... 39

3.4.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................ 39

3.4.2 Biological Environment ..................................................................................... 39

3.4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ....................................................... 42

3.5 Public Consultation and Involvement ....................................................................... 43

3.6 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation ...................................................... 46


xxi

3.6.1 Significance of Impacts...................................................................................... 46

3.6.2 3.6.2 Extent of Impacts ...................................................................................... 46

3.6.3 Duration of Impacts ........................................................................................... 46

3.7 Public Hearing and Consultation .............................................................................. 47

3.7.1 Issues and concerns shown by the stakeholders in response to the Public Hearing

and interaction meetings .................................................................................................. 48

CHAPTER: IV ....................................................................................................................... 49

4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ........................................................ 49

4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 49

4.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................ 49

4.1.2 Catchment characteristics .................................................................................. 49

4.1.3 Climate ............................................................................................................... 50

4.1.4 Hydrology .......................................................................................................... 51

4.1.5 Geology .............................................................................................................. 56

4.1.6 Soil Type ............................................................................................................ 63

4.1.7 Air Quality ......................................................................................................... 63

4.1.8 Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 63

4.1.9 Noise Level ........................................................................................................ 64

4.1.10 Existing Solid Waste Management in the Project area ...................................... 65

4.1.11 Land Use ............................................................................................................ 65

4.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 66

4.2.1 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) ......................................................... 66

4.2.2 Vegetation and plant species .............................................................................. 70

4.2.3 Non Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plant ............................................. 74

4.2.4 Agro-forestry of the Area ................................................................................... 75

4.2.5 Wildlife .............................................................................................................. 76

4.2.6 Forest Resources and Management ................................................................... 79

4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment .............................................................. 80

4.3.1 Project Affected district ..................................................................................... 80

4.3.2 Project affected Rural Municipality ................................................................... 80

4.3.3 Distribution of population and HHs of Affected wards ..................................... 86

4.3.4 Description of Project Affected Families (PAFs) .............................................. 86

4.3.5 Major settlement at project area ......................................................................... 88

4.3.6 Religious Sites and Ghats .................................................................................. 89


xxii

4.3.7 Drinking Water Sources ..................................................................................... 89

4.3.8 Transportation .................................................................................................... 90

4.3.9 Occupation ......................................................................................................... 90

4.3.10 Trade and Commerce ......................................................................................... 90

4.3.11 Industry .............................................................................................................. 90

4.3.12 Tourism .............................................................................................................. 91

4.3.13 Other Infrastructures along the Proximity of the Project ................................... 91

4.3.14 Water use rights ................................................................................................. 91

4.3.15 Existing and Planned Project in the Vicinity ..................................................... 92

CHAPTER: V ......................................................................................................................... 93

5 Environmental Impacts ................................................................................................. 93

5.1 Beneficial Impacts ..................................................................................................... 93

5.1.1 Construction Stage ............................................................................................. 93

5.1.2 Operation Stage .................................................................................................. 95

5.2 Adverse impacts ........................................................................................................ 98

5.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment ................................................................. 98

5.2.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................... 108

5.2.3 Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment ......................................................... 119

CHAPTER: VI ..................................................................................................................... 149

6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 149

6.1 Implementation of SKKHP vs Thermal Power versus Wind Power versus Solar Power

versus Atomic Power ......................................................................................................... 149

6.2 Technologies, Implementation Procedure Schedule and Raw Material ................. 150

6.3 Location Alternatives .............................................................................................. 151

6.4 No Action Alternative ............................................................................................. 153

6.5 Alternative Analysis of Suitability of Fish Movement ........................................... 153

6.6 Operation Procedure ................................................................................................ 153

6.7 Acceptability of Risks during Project Implementation ........................................... 153

CHAPTER: VII .................................................................................................................... 155

7 MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................... 155

7.1 Beneficial Impact Enhancement measures .............................................................. 155

7.1.1 Construction Stage ........................................................................................... 155

7.1.2 Operation Phase ............................................................................................... 156

7.1.3 Summary of Required cost for the Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Measures


xxiii

157

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts .............................................................. 158

7.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment ............................................................... 158

7.2.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................... 170

7.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ..................................................... 180

CHAPTER: VIII .................................................................................................................. 212

8 Community Support Program .................................................................................... 212

8.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 212

8.1 Programs committed by the Project and allocation of Budgets .............................. 214

8.1.1 Support to Schools & Education ...................................................................... 214

8.1.2 Assistance for improvement of Health Facility ............................................... 214

8.1.3 Assistance for Safe Drinking Water Supply .................................................... 214

8.1.4 Assistance to the existing road improvement & new road construction within the

Project Rural Municipality ............................................................................................. 215

8.1.5 Assistance to the local trail and road improvement ......................................... 215

8.1.6 Agriculture Assistance Program ...................................................................... 215

8.1.7 Training related to livelihood improvement .................................................... 216

8.1.8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups ....................................... 216

8.1.9 Support to local community based organizations ............................................ 216

8.1.10 Other activities for community and infrastructure development ..................... 216

8.1.11 Project Share .................................................................................................... 216

8.2 Cost Summary of Community Support Program .................................................... 216

CHAPTER: IX ..................................................................................................................... 224

9 REVIEW OF RELEVANT POLICIES, ACTS, RULES, GUIDELINES AND

CONVENTIONS .................................................................................................................. 224

9.1 General .................................................................................................................... 224

9.2 Constitution ............................................................................................................. 224

9.2.1 Constitution of Nepal ....................................................................................... 224

9.3 Plan, Policies and Strategies.................................................................................... 225

9.3.1 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81 ........................................................... 225

9.3.2 National Environment Policy, 2076 ................................................................. 225

9.3.3 Hydropower Development Policy, 2058 .......................................................... 225

9.3.4 National Forest Policy, 2075............................................................................ 225

9.3.5 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, (2014-2020) ........................ 226


xxiv

9.3.6 National Water Plan, (2002- 2007) .................................................................. 226

9.3.7 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050 ....................................... 226

9.3.8 Forest Sector Strategy, (2016– 2025) .............................................................. 227

9.3.9 National Climate Change Policy, 2076 ............................................................ 227

9.3.10 Land Use Policy, 2072 ..................................................................................... 227

9.3.11 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2071 ................... 228

9.3.12 Nepal Water Resources Strategy, 2058 ........................................................... 228

9.3.13 National Energy Efficiency Strategy, 2075 ..................................................... 228

9.3.14 National Wetland Policy, 2069 ........................................................................ 228

9.4 Relevant Acts .......................................................................................................... 229

9.4.1 Environment Protection Act, 2076 .................................................................. 229

9.4.2 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039 ................................................... 229

9.4.3 Forest Act, 2049 ............................................................................................... 229

9.4.4 Forest Act, 2076 ............................................................................................... 229

9.4.5 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 ...................................... 230

9.4.6 Water Resources Act, 2049.............................................................................. 230

9.4.7 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, (2017) ........................................................... 230

9.4.8 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 ............................................................................. 230

9.4.9 Ancient Monument Protection Act, 2013 ........................................................ 231

9.4.10 Local Government Operation Act, 2074 .......................................................... 231

9.4.11 Electricity Act, 2049 ........................................................................................ 231

9.4.12 Labour Act, 2074 ............................................................................................. 231

9.4.13 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 ...................................... 232

9.4.14 Plant Protection Act, 2064 ............................................................................... 232

9.4.15 Land Reform Act, 2021 ................................................................................... 232

9.4.16 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 ............................................................... 232

9.4.17 An act to Control and Regulate International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora, 2073........................................................................................... 232

9.4.18 Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074 ................................................ 233

9.4.19 Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074 ....................................... 233

9.4.20 Explosive Act, 2018 ......................................................................................... 233

9.4.21 Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 2074 ................................................ 233

9.4.22 Muluki Devyani Sahghita Ain, 2074 ............................................................... 234


xxv

9.4.23 Land Use Act, 2076 ......................................................................................... 234

9.4.24 Consumer Protection Act, 2075 ....................................................................... 235

9.5 Relevant Rules and Regulations .............................................................................. 235

9.5.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077 ....................................................... 235

9.5.2 Forest Regulation, 2051 ................................................................................... 236

9.5.3 Electricity Regulation, 2050 ............................................................................ 236

9.5.4 Water Resources Regulation, 2050 .................................................................. 236

9.5.5 Solid Waste Management Regulation, 2070 .................................................... 236

9.5.6 Explosives Regulation, 2020 ........................................................................... 237

9.5.7 Labor Rule, 2075 ............................................................................................. 237

9.5.8 Contribution Based Social Security Regulation, 2075 .................................... 237

9.5.9 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Management Rules, 2064 ......................... 238

9.5.10 Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations, 2075 ................................... 238

9.5.11 Conservation Area Management Rules, 2053 ................................................. 238

9.5.12 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Rule, 2030 .................................... 239

9.6 Manuals and Guidelines .......................................................................................... 239

9.6.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 ....................... 239

9.6.2 Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, (2018) ................... 239

9.6.3 Manual for Conducting Public Hearings in the Environmental Impact

Assessment Process for Hydropower Projects, 2061 ..................................................... 240

9.6.4 Manual for Addressing Gender Issues in Environmental impact

Assessment/Initial Environmental examination for Hydropower Projects, 2062 .......... 240

9.6.5 Manual for Preparing Environmental management Plan (EMP) for Hydropower

Projects, 2059 ................................................................................................................. 240

9.6.6 Manual for Developing and Reviewing Water Quality Monitoring Plans and

Results for Hydropower Projects, 2059 ......................................................................... 240

9.6.7 Manual for Preparing Terms of References (TOR) for Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Projects, with Notes on EIA Report Preparation, 2058

240

9.6.8 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052 ....................................................... 241

9.6.9 Environmental Management Guidelines (Road), 2054 ................................... 241

9.6.10 Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073 ................ 241

9.6.11 Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National

Priority Projects, 2076 ................................................................................................... 241

9.6.12 National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development Decade (2016-


xxvi

2026) 242

9.6.13 Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandi Adesh, 2074 ..................................... 242

9.6.14 Guidelines on license of hydroelectric project, 2075 ....................................... 242

9.6.15 Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074 .............................. 242

9.7 International Convention ......................................................................................... 243

9.7.1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild

Fauna & Flora, (1973).................................................................................................... 243

9.7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992) .................................................... 243

9.7.3 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, (1989) ............................ 244

9.7.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1992) ........ 244

9.8 Environmental Standards ...................................................................................... 245

CHAPTER: X ....................................................................................................................... 249

10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................ 249

10.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 249

10.2 Objectives of the EMP ......................................................................................... 249

10.3 Statutory Requirements ....................................................................................... 249

10.3.1 Environmental Legislation ............................................................................... 249

10.3.2 Environmental Standards ................................................................................. 250

10.3.3 Environmental Permits and Approvals ............................................................ 250

10.4 Project Environmental Management Framework ................................................ 251

10.4.1 Project Environmental Management Plan Structure and Stakeholders

Responsibility ................................................................................................................ 251

10.4.2 Project's Environmental Management Office .................................................. 256

10.4.3 Administrative and Management Cost for ESU .............................................. 258

10.5 Complain Handling and Grievance Redress ........................................................ 258

10.5.1 Complain Handling .......................................................................................... 259

10.5.2 Grievance and Redress Measures .................................................................... 259

10.6 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan...................................................... 277

10.7 Environmental Monitoring Management Plan .................................................... 287

10.8 Records, Reporting and Corrective Actions ........................................................ 310

10.9 Environmental Audit ........................................................................................... 311

CHAPTER: XI ..................................................................................................................... 314

11 PROJECT'S ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND COSTS ............................................. 314

11.1 Economic Benefit of SKKHP in the National Context ....................................... 314


xxvii

11.1.1 Direct Revenue Generation .............................................................................. 314

11.1.2 Other Project Benefits ...................................................................................... 314

11.2 Project Costs ........................................................................................................ 315

11.2.1 Resource Loss .................................................................................................. 315

11.2.2 Environmental Mitigation. Monitoring and Environmental Enhancement Costs

316

CHAPTER: XII .................................................................................................................... 317

12 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 317

References ............................................................................................................................. 320


xxviii

LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1: Project location in Map of Nepal ............................................................................ 6

Figure 2.2: Project location in map of Taplejung district .......................................................... 7

Figure 2.3: Google Image of project area .................................................................................. 8

Figure 2.4: Access road condition to Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project ....................... 9

Figure 2.5: Map of Project Affected Rural Municipality ........................................................ 29

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for EIA Methodology ......................................................................... 35

Figure 4.1: Google Earth image of catchment area ................................................................. 50

Figure 4.3: Hydrograph of mean monthly flows from different methods ............................... 52

Figure 4.4: Flow Duration Curve ............................................................................................. 53

Figure 4.5: Logarithmic chart of different return period floods at intake site ......................... 54

Figure 4.6: Geological map of Nepal showing project location ............................................. 57

Figure 4.7: Regional Geological Map ...................................................................................... 58

Figure 4.8: Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map showing project area ...................................... 61

Figure 4.9: Epicenter map of Nepal ......................................................................................... 62

Figure 4.10 : Figure showing project location in map of protected area of Nepal .................. 68

Figure 4.11: Project area on map of KCA ............................................................................... 69

Figure 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project ...................... 152

Figure 10.1: Project Management Plan Structure in design phase ........................................ 252

Figure 10.2: Project Management Plan Structure in Construction Phase ......................... 252

Figure 10.3: Project Management Plan Structure in Project Operation Phase ................ 253

Figure 10.4: Organization Framework of ESU ................................................................... 257

Figure 10.5: Organization Framework for ESISU .............................................................. 258

Figure 10.6: Organization Chart for ESMSU ..................................................................... 258

file:///D:/NEDC%202021-3-1/Hydropower/nepali%20report/Kabeli%2012%20MW/kabeli%20report/re-%20udisha%20Kabeli%20EIA%20(Autosaved).docx%23_Toc66194806


xxix

LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1: Study Team for the EIA Study of SKKHP ............................................................... 2

Table 1.2: EIA Time Schedule................................................................................................... 3

Table 2.1: Project Location ........................................................................................................ 5

Table 2.2: Access to the project site ........................................................................................ 10

Table 2.3: Salient features of SKKHPP, 12 MW..................................................................... 10

Table 2.4: Generator data for Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project ................................. 16

Table 2.5: Technical specification of Power Transformer for SKKHPP ................................. 16

Table 2.6: DG sets required for the Project ............................................................................ 19

Table 2.7: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHPP ...... 20

Table 2.8: Summary of land requirement ................................................................................ 21

Table 2.9: Construction materials requirement for SKKHPP .................................................. 22

Table 2.10: Key Activities of the project ................................................................................. 22

Table 2.12: Project facilities Location with Coordinates ......................................................... 26

Table 2.13: Project Area Delineation....................................................................................... 27

Table 3.1: Target Groups for Socio-Economic and Cultural Data Collection ......................... 38

Table 3.2: Stand size classifications ........................................................................................ 40

Table 3.3: Summary of local consultation ............................................................................... 45

Table 3.4: Categorization of magnitude, extent and duration .................................................. 47

Table 3.5: Categorization of Significance of Impacts ............................................................. 47

Table 4.1: Precipitation and elevation of different stations ..................................................... 50

Table 4.2: Comparison table for mean monthly flows ............................................................ 51

Table 4.3: Time Exceedence of Discharges at Dam site ......................................................... 53

Table 4.4: Different return period floods at intake site, m3/s .................................................. 54

Table 4.5: Low flow estimation at proposed intake using HYDEST and DHM-2004 method

.................................................................................................................................................. 55

Table 4.7: Monthly flow, Environment flow and Plant flow ................................................... 56

Table 4.8: Measurement of Air Quality ................................................................................... 63

Table 4.9: Result of Water Quality Analysis ........................................................................... 64

Table 4.10: Value of Recorded Sound level (Leq) .................................................................. 64

Table 4.11: Land use pattern of Taplejung district .................................................................. 65

Table 4.12: Recorded tree species from project region ........................................................... 72

Table 4.13: Different herbs and shrubs found in project area.................................................. 72

Table 4.14: NTFPs and Medicinal Plants that are expected to be cleared from project site ... 74

Table 4.15: List of mammals in project area ........................................................................... 76

Table 4.16: Bird Species recorded along the project area ....................................................... 77

Table 4.17: Herpeto-fauna of the Project Region .................................................................... 78

Table 4.18: Fish Species of Project Area ................................................................................. 79

Table 4.19: Demography of Taplejung district ........................................................................ 80

Table 4.20: Population and Households for Project Affected Rural Municipality .................. 81

Table 4.21: Age group population distribution of Project Affected Rural Municipality ......... 82

Table 4.22: Economically Active Population of Project Affected Rural Municipality ........... 83

Table 4.23: Population distribution by caste of project Affected Rural Municipality............. 83

Table 4.24: Distribution of Population by Mother tongue in Project Affected Rural


xxx

Municipality ............................................................................................................................. 83

Table 4.25: Distribution of population by 5 years of age and over by literacy status ............. 84

Table 4.26: Distribution of population aged 5 - 25 years by school attendance and sex ......... 84

Table 4.27 ................................................................................................................................ 84

Table 4.29: Households using Source for Lighting ................................................................. 85

Table 4.30: Households by usual type of fuel used for cooking .............................................. 85

Table 4.31: Distribution of HHs showing access to main source of Drinking water .............. 86

Table 4.33: Demography of PAFs ........................................................................................... 87

Table 4.34: Education of PAFs ................................................................................................ 87

Table 4.35: Source of Drinking Water ..................................................................................... 87

Table 4.36: Energy for cooking ............................................................................................... 87

Table 4.37: Different sources of Energy of PAFs for lighting ................................................. 88

Table 4.38: Religion of PAFs ................................................................................................... 88

Table 4.39: Mode of Compensation......................................................................................... 88

Table 4.40: Willingness of PAFs for Compensation ............................................................... 88

Table 4.41: Project Affected Wards, Settlements and Households ......................................... 89

Table 4.42: Religious sites in project village .......................................................................... 89

Table 4.43: Crop Distribution .................................................................................................. 90

Table 4.44: Infrastructures in the project village ..................................................................... 91

Table 4.45: List of projects upstream/Downstream ................................................................. 92

Table 5.1: Loss of tree species and regeneration status ......................................................... 109

Table 5.2: Loss of tree species in different components of project ....................................... 109

Table 5.3: Loss of tree species in KCA ................................................................................. 111

Table 5.4: Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants ................................................................... 113

Table 5.5: Land leasing/acquisition cost of private land ....................................................... 119

Table 5.6: Impact Matrix ....................................................................................................... 126

Table 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project ....................... 152

Table 7.1: Enhancement cost for construction & operation phase ........................................ 158

Table 7.2: Cost associated with Afforestation Plan of the lost trees ..................................... 170

Table 7.3: Land Lease cost for Government Land ................................................................ 171

Table 7.4: Land Purchase Cost for Land to Land Replacement of Forest Area Used ........... 171

Table 7.5: Land acquisition cost of the permanent private land ............................................ 180

Table 7.6: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary) ........ 180

Table 7.7: Loss of standing crops .......................................................................................... 181

Table 7.8: Mitigation measures for SKKHP .......................................................................... 187

Table 8.1: Development Aspiration of the Local communities of the Project Area .............. 213

Table 8.3: Cost estimate for the assistance for the improvement of health facilities ............ 214

Table 8.4: Cost estimates for safe drinking water supply support ......................................... 215

Table 8.5: Cost Estimates for Rural Road Assistance ........................................................... 215

Table 8.6: Cost Summary for Community Support Programs ............................................... 216

Table 8.8: Issues raised in Public hearing and its incorporation ............................................ 223

Table 9.1: Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters ....................................... 245

Table 9.2: Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites

................................................................................................................................................ 246


xxxi

Table 9.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................................ 246

Table 9.4: Emissions Standards for ‘in-use’ Vehicles ........................................................... 247

Table 9.5: Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment .............................. 248

Table 9.6: National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012 ................................................ 248

Table 10.1: Permits and Approvals Required ........................................................................ 250

Table 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders .................................................. 253

Table 10.3: Environmental Management Action Plan Construction Phase ........................... 261

Table 10.4: Procedure for the implementation and incorporation of EIA and Environmental

Management Plan during Pre-construction Phase ................................................................. 278

Table 10.5: Disaster Risk Management Plan ......................................................................... 280

Table 10.6: Emergency Preparedness Management Plan ...................................................... 280

Table 10.7: Decommissioning plan of temporary facilities ................................................... 281

Table 10.9: Siren Management Plan ...................................................................................... 283

Table 10.10: Wildlife Management Plan for Red panda and Snow Leopard ........................ 283

Table 10.11: Explosive Handling Management Plan ............................................................ 285

Table 10.12: Afforestation Plan ............................................................................................. 285

Table 10.14: Baseline Monitoring Plan ................................................................................. 288

Table 10.15: Compliance Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and

Operation Phase ..................................................................................................................... 288

Table 10.16: Environmental Enhancement Plan Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction,

Post construction and Operation Phase .................................................................................. 304

Table 10.17: Impact Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and

Operation Phase ..................................................................................................................... 305

Table 10.18: Summary of Monitoring Cost ........................................................................... 310

Table 10.19: Audit Plan for the SKKHP ............................................................................... 311

Table 11.1: Details of the Costs Breakdowns ........................................................................ 316


xxxii

LIST OF ANNEX Annex I Legal Documents of the project

Annex II Topographic Map Layout

Annex III Project Construction Schedule

Annex IV Minutes of Group Discussion and Community Meeting

Annex V List of People attending Public Hearing

Annex VI Summary of Public Hearing

Annex VII Recommendation Letters

Annex VIII Land Requirement for the Project and Associated cost

Annex IX Loss of private land and List of PAF

Annex X Loss of Standing crops from private land

Annex XI Forest Tree Loss Information

Annex XII Power and Energy Balance and Environmental Balance Table

Annex XIII A Copy of approved TOR

Annex XIV Checklist of EIA study

Annex XV Declaration form

Annex XVI Related Photographs


xxxiii

ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS 0C : Degree Celsius

AC : Alternating Current

ACB : Air Circuit Breakers

Alt : Alternative

amsl : Above Mean Sea level

B.S : Bikram Sambat

BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand

CAMC : Conservation Area Management Committee

CAR : Catchment Area Ratio

CBD : Convention on Biological Diversity

CBOs : Community Based Organizations

CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics

CC : Construction Contractor

CCR : Central Control Room

CF : Community Forest

CFC : Compensation Fixation Committee

CCFUGs : Conservation Community Forest User Groups

CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

CSP : Community Support Program

Cum : Cubic meter

d/s : Down stream

DAO : District Administration Office

dBA : Decibel (A)

DBH : Diameter at Breast Height

DCC : District Co-ordination Committee

DFO : Division Forest Office

DHM : Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

DHO : District Health Office

Dia : Diameter

DMG : Department of Mines and Geology

DNPWC : Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

DoED : Department of Electricity Development

DoFSC : Department of Forests and Soil Conservation

EEC : Environmental Enhancement Committee

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment


xxxiv

EL : Elevation

EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan

EMP : Environment Management Plan

EPA : Environment Protection Act

EPR : Environment Protection Rules

ESISU : Environmental and Social Implementation Sub-Unit

ESMSU : Environmental and Social Monitoring Sub-Unit

ESU : Environmental and Social Unit

FDC : Flow Duration Curve

FSS : Forestry Sector Strategy

GLOF : Glacier Lake Outburst Flood

GoN : Government of Nepal

GPS : Global Positioning System

GRC : Grievance Redress Committee

GRM : Grievance and Redress Measures

GWh : Giga Watt Hour

H : Height

ha : Hectare

HFT : Himalayan Frontal Thrust

HHs : Households

HKH : Hindu Kush Himalaya

HPP : Hydropower Project

HSU : Hertridge Smoke Unit

ICIMOD : International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

ILO : International Labor Organization

INGO : International Non-Government Organization

INPS : Integrated Nepal Power System

IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature

KCA : Kanchenjunga Conservation Area

Km : Kilometer

kV : Kilovolt

Kw : Kilowatt

LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Ltd : Limited

m3/sec : Cubic meter per second

MAP : Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

masl : Meter Above Sea Level


xxxv

MBT : Main Boundary Thrust

MCT : Main Central Thrust

MFT : Main Frontal Thrust

mm : Millimeter

MoEWRI : Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation

MoFE : Ministry of Forests and Environment

MoFSC : Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation

MoPE : Ministry of Population and Environment

MoSTE : Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

MoWR : Ministry of Water Resources

MVA : Mega Volt Amperes

MW : Megawatt

N : North

NBSAP : National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan

NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority

NEDC : Nepal Environment and Development Consultant

NEPAP : Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan

NGOs : Non-government Organizations

NPC : National Planning Commission

NPWCA : National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act

NRs. : Nepalese Rupees

NTFPs : Non-Timber Forest Products

NTNC : National Trust for Nature Conservation

NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Units

NWP : National Water Plan

PAFs : Project Affected Families

PIC : Public Information Centre

PMO : Project Management Office

PPA : Power Purchase Agreement

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment

ppm : Parts per million

PRA : Participatory Rural Appraisal

Pvt : Private

RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete

RM : Rural Municipality

RMR : Rock Mass Rating

RoR : Run of river

SD : Scoping Document


xxxvi

SE : Supervising Engineers

SPAFs : Severely Project Affected Families

sq : Square

SS : Site Specific

STDs : Sexually Transmitted Diseases

STDS : South Tibetan Detachment System

SKKHP : Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project

t : Ton

ToR : Terms of Reference

u/s : Up stream

UGs : User Groups

UN : United Nation

UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USAID : United States Agency for International Development

VES : Visual Encounter Surveys

VHF : Very High Frequency

W : West

WECS : Water and Energy Commission Secretariat

WRA : Water Resources Act

WRR : Water Resource Regulation

WRS : Water Resources Strategy

WWF : World Wildlife Fund


1

CHAPTER: I 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

National Planning Commission had developed 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81. The

plan has emphasized on employment focused economic growth. It has planned to attract

investments on energy/electricity as the important sectors. The plan has envisioned the

applications of environmental standards, strengthening of Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) and implementation of cleaner production and energy efficiency program. Therefore,

there is enough demand for hydropower energy and hence, there is ample scope of developing

small hydropower projects in hilly districts of Nepal. Government of Nepal (GoN) has adopted

liberal policy to attract private investors for the development of small hydropower projects.

NEA’s hydropower plants including small power stations had generated a total of 3021 GWh

of electricity in FY 2019/20. The total power purchased from Independent Power Producers

(IPPs) within Nepal was 2291 GWh. To meet the ever increasing demand, additional power

had to be imported from India. The total energy imported from India is 1729 GWh. Out of the

total available energy, NEA’s contributed 39.02 %, whereas those imported from India and

domestic IPPs accounted for 22.33 % and 38.64 % respectively (NEA, 2020).

The total population with access to grid electricity has reached about 86 % of total household

in 2019. Total energy consumption in 2019 was 6,394.38 GWh. The total number of electricity

consumers increased by 7.88 % from 3.91 million to 4.22 million during the year. The domestic

consumer category with 3.93 million consumers is the largest category with 93.26% share of

the entire electricity consumers. Domestic and industrial consumer category contributed 39.84

% and 37.51 % to the gross electricity sales revenue respectively. The leakage towards

distribution is presently 15.27 percent.

At present, the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) has capacity of 1247.509 MW from 107

operating projects (DoED, 2019). Out of this, 92 MW of seasonal peaking plants (Kulekhani I

and II) is fully utilized along with existing run off river plants. Department of Electricity

development had already issued generation license for 35 hydropower project for installed

capacity of 2109.384 MW for the operation of the project (DoED, 2020).

The project proponent, Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. has obtained survey license (Survey

license No: lj= lj= lj=)&# / &$ lj= p= ;= *!&_ in 2074-02-02 from the then Ministry of Energy

for the development of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project in Taplejung District for

installed capacity, 20 MW and was valid till 2076-02-01. Later after detail engineering study,

the project configuration was changed and the capacity was decreased to 12 MW. Later, the

validity of survey license was updated and is valid till 2078/02/01. Similarly, SD/ToR was

approved in 2076-03-16 by MoFE.

1.2 Agency Responsible for Preparing EIA report

1.2.1 The Proponent

Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. is the proponent for the project, Super Kabeli Khola

Hydropower Project, 12 MW. It is a private limited company, registered under the Government

of Nepal. The main objectives of the company are to develop hydropower projects from the

water resources of Nepal as well as supply and sell the electricity to the domestic and industrial


2

consumers of Nepal including Nepal Electricity Authority.

Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.

Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone No.: 016911637, 9851220305

E-mail: [email protected]

1.2.2 Organization Responsible for Preparing Report

Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. has entrusted Nepal Environment and Development Consultants

(NEDC) Pvt. Ltd. for preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study report as

per the Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2076 and Environment Protection Regulation (EPR)

2077 and its amendments. The consultant, henceforth, has prepared the EIA.

The detail address of the consultant is as follows:

Nepal Environment and Development Consultants (NEDC) Pvt. Ltd.

Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone Number: 01-4286073

P.O.Box: 4542, Kathmandu, Nepal


For this work, NEDC has formed a multidisciplinary team consisting of experts on physical,

biological and socio-economic and cultural environments. The detail information of study team

for EIA is shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Study Team for the EIA Study of SKKHP S. N. Name of Expert Designation Expertise field

1 Narayan Prasad Khanal Team Leader Environmentalist/EIA Expert

2 Udisha Danekhu Team Member Ecologist

3 Urusha Sinkhwal Team Member Wildlife/Biodiversity Expert

4 Biraj Gautam Team Member Geologist

5 Santosh Bhattarai Team Member Hydropower Engineer

6 Vimsen Silwal Team Member Enumerator

Apart from the above, some short-term experts and research assistants, including the local

people, were involved at the various periods of study during socio-economic, physical and

biological surveys.

1.3 Time Schedule

The tentative time schedule to conduct EIA study including its approval process from the

beginning is presented in Table 1.2:

mailto:[email protected]


3

Table 1.2: EIA Time Schedule S

.

N

.

Activity Timeframe in Months

2076 2076 2076/2

077

2077 2077 2078 2078/

2079

Asar-

Bhadau

Ashwin-

Mangsir

Poush-

Falgun

Chaitr

a-

Jestha

Asar-

Bhadau

Ashwin-

Mangsir

Poush-

Falgun

Chait

ra-

Jestha

1 Approval of Scoping

Document and ToR

2 Field Mobilization,

Identification of stockpiling

sites, quarry sites, Data Collection Gap Information

(physical, biological, socio-

economic and socio-cultural environments), including

detailed household socio-

economic survey of affected people, collection of

recommendation after public

hearing, public notice

3 Preparation of Draft EIA Report

4 Public Hearing Final EIA

Report Preparation

5 Final EIA Report Submission

6 Approval of EIA

1.4 Objectives of EIA Study

The objective of the EIA study is to ensure sustainable development by avoiding or minimizing

impacts of the proposal development and operation on the physical, biological, socio-economic

and cultural environments. The EIA study has undertaken following activities to prepare a

comprehensive EIA report.

To document physical and cultural, chemical, biological and social baseline environmental

conditions of the proposal development areas from primary and secondary sources;

To identify and adequately assess potential adverse, beneficial and cumulative

environmental impacts due to proposal development and operation in different alternative

scenarios of proposal development to asses different alternative development options on

environmental ground;

To elucidate the ToR stipulated environmental issues and predict environmental impacts

and their significances in terms of nature, extent, duration, and magnitude for the selected

development options;

To propose appropriate, practical and cost effective mitigation measures for the identified

environmental impacts to avoid or minimize or compensate adverse impacts and capitalize

maximum positive impacts for the selected alternatives;

To prepare a comprehensive environmental management plan comprising of mitigation,

monitoring and auditing plans associated with proposal development and operation;

To present the study findings to the concerned stakeholders of the proposal development

area in a public hearing meeting and take their concerns and suggestions with regard to the

proposal development;

To prepare a comprehensive and bankable EIA report as per the format stipulated in the

EPR incorporating the concerns and suggestions of the concerned stakeholders to facilitate

objective-based decision making by the concerned decision makers of the Government of

Nepal (GoN).


4

1.5 Rationality of Conducting EIA Studथ

All major projects are now being considered for the application of either Initial Environmental

Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIA for hydropower project

is mandatory, if any hydropower of installed capacity of more than 50 MW and if lies in

Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area, as per EPR, 2077. Similarly,

as per EPR, 2077, Schedule 3, Section 1 and sub-section 9, if the project use more than 5 ha

forest area, EIA is necessary and approval from MoFE is necessary.

There is no clear provision in EPR 2077 for the project with installed capacity more than 10

MW to 50 MW if project lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area.

Therefore, this EIA has been prepared inspite of the policy confusion as the project required

EIA or IEE even though the project lies in Kanchangha Conservation Area (KCA). This EIA

report is sufficient even if the project requires only IEE in the future in terms of coverage of

environmental issues and mitigation.

The EIA report will be approved by Ministry of Forests and Environment. The MOFE has

already granted permission for conducting EIA study and Scoping and TOR has been already

approved, which is attached in Annex I. During the EIA study, conditions mentioned in survey

license of the project will be considered equally (Refer Survey License, condition “a'bf & sf]

pka'bf–`, 6, 7, 8, t). The EIA study that is being carried out is explicitly for the power generation

rather than for the transmission line. A separate EIA or IEE study shall be carried out for the

transmission line.

1.6 Scope of EIA

The EIA study that is being carried out is explicitly for the power generation. The scope of this

EIA study includes all the issues associated with hydropower project (construction and

operation). All the associated beneficial and adverse impacts during construction and operation

phases of the project are under the scope of the EIA study. The issues are studied based on

physical-chemical, biological and socio-economic environmental aspects of the project. In

addition, this EIA study has also included the corporate social responsibility of the project.

The project needs to develop 5.5 m wide road of about 6 km length as internal project road

from the access road to the construction sites on its own capital. The impact associated with

the construction of access road, crusher plant, quarry site, batching plant, muck disposal sites

and construction and operation of construction power lines are within scope of this EIA study.

This EIA study is not valid for the transmission line project, which will be constructed by the

project. A separate license for the construction of transmission line and separate impact study

will be carried out.


5

CHAPTER: II 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Project description and location

Super Kabeli Khola Hydro Power Project (SKKHPP) is run-of- River (RoR) type project with

installed capacity of 12 MW. The major components of the project are arranged on the left

bank of Kabeli River. Civil structures of the project comprise diversion weir, intake, under

sluice, gravel trap, settling basin, headrace pipe, headrace tunnel, surge shaft, adit, penstock

pipe, power house and the tailrace outlet.

The weir crest level is fixed at 1703.00 m amsl. The Headworks arrangement consist of

diversion weir, undersluice, intake, gravel trap, approach culvert, settling basin. Two bays have

been proposed to settle the sediments particle at an efficiency of 90%. The flow from the

headworks is then conveyed to headrace tunnel via. Headrace pipe.

The water diverted from Kabeli Khola then passes through headrace pipe at left bank of Kabeli

Khola. About 3390 m length has been proposed as headrace pipe. To avoid geological risk and

slope stability issues, a headrace tunnel of 1504 m long has been propose after crossing Rate

Khola. The proposed tunnel size is 2.8 m x 3.5 m (L x H). The headrace tunnel ends at junction

of Surge shaft and penstock pipe. The surge shaft is 6 m in diameter and 50 m high. The total

length of the penstock from surge shaft to powerhouse is estimate 368 m with optimum

diameter of 1.6 m. The water from penstock is then carried to powerhouse to generate 12.0

MW of electricity. The water will be then discharge back to Kabeli Khola via 45 m long tailrace

culvert of size 2.5 m x 2 m. With available gross head of 259 m and design discharge of 5.9

m3/s, the installed capacity of this project has been fixed at 12.0 MW. The total saleable energy

is estimated 69.24 GWh with 20.78 GWh at dry months of year and 48.46 GWh at wet months

of the year. The generated power can be evacuated to the proposed NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur

(Kabeli) Sub-station through 132 kV single circuit transmission line which is about 18 km away

from the proposed powerhouse.

2.2 Project Location

The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project area is located in wards 6, 7, 8 of Sirijangha RM

of Taplejung district of Province 1 of Nepal. Proposed headworks is approximately 200 m

upstream from the confluence of Kabeli Khola and Amji Khola. The powerhouse is located

near Thumki village.The project site lies between latitudes of 27°25'09" N to 27°27'24" N and

longitudes of 87°52'33" E to 87°55'09" E.

Table 2.1: Project Location S.

N

Particulars Administrative location Geographic location Remarks

1 Location Sirijangha Rural Municipality, ward 6,

7 and 8

87 º 52’33” E to 87º 55’ 09” E

27 º 25’ 09” to 27 º 27’ 24” N

Source: Survey license of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Visit, 2076


6

Figure 2.1: Project location in Map of Nepal

Source: Modified Map from Department of Survey, 2077


7

Figure 2.2: Project location in map of Taplejung district

Source: Updated Map from MoFALD, 2077


8

Figure 2.3: Google Image of project area

Source: Google Earth Pro, 2077


9

2.3 Project Accessibility

The project area can be accessed from Kathmandu via Charaali of Jhapa in the East-West

highway from where Mechi Highway leads up to Ganesh Chowk of Panchthar District. The

distance from Charali to Ganesh Chowk is about 200 km. After this, an Earthen road starts from

Ganesh Chowk to the Kabeli river (Iwa Khola confluence area, Tribeni Dovan) which is 16 km

long (part of which lies along Mid Hill Highway (up to Tharpu Bazaar)). After crossing the

Kabeli river bridge at Tribeni Dovan, the project road follow right bank of Kabeli Khola and

crosses Panchami, Khandinbe, Bunguwa and finally road ends at Happu Khola Bazaar. This

road is further planned to be constructed up to Kanchanjunga Base Camp via Banketar,

Surumkhim, Kheban, Yamphudin etc.

The road up to Happu Khola Bazaar area is in operation during dry season. Happu Khola Bazaar

is at about 17 km distance from the Kabeli Bridge at Tribeni Dovan. It takes approximately 1

hour to reach the Happu Khola Bazaar by private vehicle (Jeep) which is located within 14 km

aerial distance from the project’s powerhouse area. Public buses and jeeps are in operation (up

to two buses and one or two jeeps daily or less frequently based on availability of passengers)

up to Happu Khola Bazaar during off monsoon season.

Once the road is extened to Kanchanjunga Base Camp, the project powerhouse area will be

access through Thungim, Sirijangha RM and additional 6 km road is needed to reach proposed

Powerhouse area of the project. The figures depict the physical conditions of the accessibility

of the project.

Ganesh Chowk Along Mechi Highway Earthern Road from Ganesh Chowk to Kabeli

Bridge

Access Road at Thumbedin Area Access Road Under Construction at Kheban

Figure 2.4: Access road condition to Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project


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The access road from Kathmandu to project site in tabular form is shown Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Access to the project site S.N Destination Distance

1 Kathmandu to Charaali 446 km

2 Charaali to Illam 79 km

3 Illam to tharpu 115 km

4 Tharpu to kabeli Bridge 27 km

5 kabeli Bridge to Happu Bazar 17 km

6 Happu Bazar to Project area 14 km

Internal Road 6 km

Total 704 km

Source: Feasibilty study report, 2076

2.4 Description and salient features of the Project

The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project is a RoR project with 12 MW installed capacity.

Salient features of the project are presented in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Salient features of SKKHPP, 12 MW S.N. Features Description

1 General

Name of the Project Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project

Type of the Project Run-off River (RoR)

River Kabeli Khola

Nearest Town Phidim

2 Location

Ruralmunicipality Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward no. 8, 7,6

District Taplejung

Province Province no.1

Longitude 87°52'33" E - 87°55'09" E

Latitude 27°25'09" N - 27°27'24" N

3 Hydrology

Catchment Area 162.05 km2

Design Discharge (Q 44.6 %) 5.9 m3/s

Riparian Release 10 % of monthly average flow

Design Flood discharge 227 m3/s (100 Yrs. Flood)

4 Headworks

Type of Weir Free flow rock chute dam

Crest Length of Wier 60 m

Crest Elevation 1703.00 m amsl

Height of Weir 8.5 m from foundation

Size of Undersluice Gate 3.0 m x 2.5 m (1 No.)

Crest Level of Undersluice 1698 m amsl

Type of Intake Orifice, Side Intake

Size of Intake 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2 No.s

Sill Level of Intake 1700.00 m amsl

Type of Gravel Trap Surface Duffer

Size of Grave Trap 5.3 m x 4.8 m x 3.52 m


11

5 Approach Culvert

Type of Approach Culvert Rectangular Box Culvert

Length 49 m

Size 2.0 m x 2.0 m

6 Settling Basin

Type Concrete, Double Bay Duffer

No of Chamber 2


Particle size to be settled >0.2 mm


Particle size to be settled >0.2 mm

Trapping Efficiency 90%

7 Waterways (Headrace Pipe)

Type Headrace pipe, circular

Diameter 1.6 m (internal)

Length 3390 m

8 Headrace Tunnel

Shape Inverted U-shaped

Tunnel Size 2.8 m x 3.5 m

Length 1504 m

9 Surge Shaft

Type Circular, Vertical

Diameter 6.0 m

Height 50.0 m

Up Surge Level 1716.77 m above msl

Down Surge Level 1689.44 m above msl

Normal Operation Level 1702.50 m above msl

10 Penstock Pipe

Type Steel Pipe

Internal Diameter 1.6 m

Length 368 m

11 Power House

Type Surface

Size 38 m x 14 m x 19 m

Number of Generating Units 2

Turbine Type Pelton

Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 m amsl

12 Tail-Race Canal

Type Box Culvert

Length 45 m

Size 2.5 m x 2 m

13 Turbine

Type Pelton

Number 2

Rated Output Capacity Per

Unit

6.25 MW

Efficiency 90%


12

Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl

Net Head 244.24 m

Discharge per unit 2.95 m3/s

14 Governor

Type Solid state, PID control

Adjustment for Speed Drop Between 0 to 10%

15 Generator

Type Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous

Number 2

Rated Capacity 7.06 MVA

Voltage 11 kV

Power Factor 0.85

Frequency 50 Hz

Excitation System Static Type

Efficiency 96%

RPM 600 RPM

16 Transformer

Type Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase

Rated Capacity 8 MVA

Number 2

Voltage Ratio 11/132 KV

Vector Group YNd11

Efficiency 99%

17 Transmission Line and Grid

Voltage Level 132 kV, single circuit

Length 18 km (estimated)

Conductor Type ASCR “Bear”

From Switchyard of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project

To NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station

18 Internal Project Road The access roads includes permanent project access road to Headworks

site, mechanical yard, civil equipment yard, powerhouse area, surge

shaft, outlet portal, inlet ports at Kabeli Khola. Nearly 6 km access

roads are to be constructed.

19 Construction Period 3 years

20 Power and Energy

Gross Head 259 m

Net Head 244.24 m

21 Installed Capacity 12 MW

22 Estimated Annual Saleable

Energy

69.24 GWh

Dry 20.78 GWh

Wet 48.46 GWh

23 Financial Indicator:

B/C ratio 1.35

IRR 14.73%

ROE 19.58%

Project Cost 2338.58 million NPR

Project Cost per kW 1804 USD/kW


13

Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2019

2.5 Project Description

2.5.1 Headworks site

The project consist of Headworks arrangement in Sirijangha RM, ward no. 8. The proposed weir

crest level is at an elevation 1703.00 masl and crest length of weir is 60m. The Headworks

arrangement consists of diversion weir, undersluice, intake, gravel trap, approach culvert and

settling basin.

Diversion Weir

A diversion weir of crest length of 60 m length that is about 2.0 m above the bed level of the

river is proposed. The crest level is fixed at 1703.00 m amsl. The upstream slope of the weir is

1:4, whereas downstream slope is a relatively steeper slope (1:6) is provided to meet the river

bed level some 47 m downstream of the weir. The highest water depth over the crest

corresponding to 100 years flood (227 m3/s) is 2.6 m. Due to the deposition of sediment along

the upstream slope, the weir behaves as a broad crested weir. The boulder of 1 m diameter is

lined upstream and downstream of weir confined by cutoff walls. In order to control seepage

from upstream, 0.5 m thick clay blanket is proposed at upstream of weir. Moreover, 8 m high

concrete wall along the weir axis is proposed to minimize the seepage through the weir.

Intake

Two orifices as side intake have been proposed to withdraw design discharge into the

immediately proposed gravel trap. The bed rock being at quite low level, the intake is founded

on alluvial deposit. In order to deflect bed load and floating trash and debris, the intake axis is

aligned at almost 25 degree angle with respect to the diversion weir. The invert level of the

intake is fixed at an elevation of 1700.00 m amsl, 3.0 m below the normal water level. The intake

openings will remain always in submerged conditions and are designed to draw design flow at

normal water level. Each opening is equipped with a vertical gate and separated by a 0.50 m

thick concrete pier. The deck level of intake has been fixed at 1706.50 m considering the highest

flood level corresponding to a flood of return period as 100 years.

Under sluice

Given the layout of the diversion structure and the intake, the major flow of the river and thereby

the bed load during flood is expected to get channelized along the diversion weir. As the velocity

of the approach near the intake is quite small, big boulders are not expected to be transported

towards the intake. Nevertheless, due to the huge turbulence during flood and deeper pool before

the intake, considerable amount of bed load is expected to get attracted near the intake area. Part

of them will get stocked before the intake, while others will pass together with the flow and get

accumulated in the pool downstream of the intake. The bed load thus deposited in front of intake

will be flushed through a 3.0 m wide and 2.5 m high, bed load passing channel, equipped with

stop log and radial gate at the end. The sill level of the under sluice is fixed at an elevation of

1698 m amsl, 1.7 m below the intake sill level. The interval of flushing depends on the flood

intensity and frequency as well as the volume of bed material deposited along the channel, but

at least once at the end of the monsoon each year.

Gravel Trap

While the sediment of larger size passing the intake is expected to get settled immediately

downstream of the intake, transport of gravels is expected along the main conveyance.

Therefore, 5.3 m long, 4.8 m wide and about 3.52 m deep gravel trapping basin is envisaged.

24 Construction Period 3 Years


14

The deposited gravels are flushed back to Kabeli Khola through 1.0 m wide and 1.0 m high with

1:40 steep gravel flushing culvert. The culvert is provided with Vertical stop log and main gate.

Approach culvert

A rectangular box culvert of 2.0 m wide and 2.0 m high convey the flow to settling basin. The

culvert which is of 49 m long. Straight approach, about ten times the width of culvert, has been

met in order to achieve laminar flow in the transition length of settling basin.

Settling Basin

Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is high head project have gross head 259 m. Settling

basin trapping more than 90% of the particles larger than 0.20 mm is designed. In order to

facilitate continuous operation of the plant at least with 50% capacity, the main basin is divided

into two basins of equal size, each having a width of 7 m and an effective length as 56 m. Two

outlet orifice at each basin is provided to control flow during flushing period. The sediment free

water is conveyed at conveyance tank constructed immediately after the settling basin. The

conveyance tank is facilitate with spillway of 5 m length in order to spill flood flow entered

through intake during high flood event. The flushing channels provided at the bottom of each

settling basin will flush the deposited sediment back to the river. The flushing channels are 1.0

m wide and 1.0 m deep.

Water Conveyance System

Based on the site geology and topography of the project area, a head race pipe followed by a

low-pressure tunnel is the most efficient and economical water conveyance system for the

project.

Headrace pipe

The closed conduit of the headrace conveyance starts from the settling basin. A 1.6 m dia, 8 mm

thick and 3390 m long steel pipe is designed to convey plant discharge to the portal of the

headrace tunnel located on the left bank of Kabeli Khola after crossing Rate Khola. The steel

pipe is supported by concrete blocks throughout its length and fixed by anchor blocks mainly at

bends. There are altogether 45 no.s of anchor blocks.The headrace pipe will be buried to depth

at least 1m from the top of the pipe in order to minimize risk related to varied temperature

especially cold temperature.

Headrace Tunnel

A 1504 m long Inverted U shaped, headrace tunnel has been proposed after the crossing Rate

Khola. After the headrace pipe, the waterways continues as headrace tunnel. As the design

discharge of the project is 5.9 m3/s, the minimum tunnel size based on construction point of

view has been proposed i.e.3.5 m high with the diameter of 2.8 m. Six support type has been

proposed based on the rock type available along the headrace tunnel alignment.

2.5.2 Surge Shaft

A circular shaped surge shaft is provided at the end of the headrace tunnel to allow mass

oscillation caused due to pressure transients followed by load rejection and load acceptance. The

surge shaft of 6 m diameter and 50 m high is proposed. The upsurge level at the surge shaft is

1716.77 masl, downsurge level is 1689.44 masl and the normal operation level is at 1702.50

masl.

2.5.3 Penstock Pipe

The steel penstock is proposed immediately after surge shaft. The total length of the penstock

from surge shaft to powerhouse is estimate 368 m with optimum diameter of 1.6 m. For the


15

closure time considered 20 s, the thickness of penstock pipe varies from 12 mm to 36 mm. The

minimum thickness of the pipe is 6mm and an additional thickness of 3 mm has been provided

for corrosion resistance.

2.5.4 Powerhouse

The powerhouse will be surface type and it will consist of two units of Pelton Turbines. The

powerhouse is proposed at left bank of Kabeli Khola at an elevation of 1444.00m amsl. The

powerhouse will be of steel truss and roofing material shall be of galvanized sheet. The

powerhouse also contains associated electrical and mechanical equipment, an erection /

assembly /service bay and workshop. Pelton turbines discharge water into the tailrace pit and

thereafter water is discharged into Kabeli Khola through closed reinforced concrete conduit with

free surface flow. Size of the powerhouse is 38.0 m x 14 m x 19 m (L x B x H). Additionally, a

service rooms has been provided inside the powerhouse, towards valley side which include low

tension room, control room and office room.

2.5.5 Tailrace Canal

The RCC tailrace canal has been proposed with a gradient of 1:300 box rectangular canals. Two

tailrace canal from each unit merges into one to convey the flow to Kabeli Khola. Each canal at

start is provision with vertical gate for optimum regulation and repair maintenance work of the

unit. Each tailrace canal is 2.5 m wide and 2 m high and after merging the canal size increase to

2.5 m wide and 2 m high. The total length of tailrace canal is 45 m. Energy dissipater at the end

of tailrace canal is provided in order to protect the river bed from scour. A groove for stop log

has been provided for ultimate control of flood entering the tailrace

2.6 Electromechanical Equipment

Two units each of 6.25 MW, 750 rpm Pelton turbine with horizontal axis is proposed for the

given net head of 244.24 m and rated flow of 2.95 m3/s. Two generators each of 7.06 MVA

MVA, three-phase salient pole synchronous type are proposed. The generation voltage of 11 kV

is stepped up to 220 kV with the help of 8 MVA transformer. The power generated from the

project will be evacuated by constructing 18 km long 132 kV transmission line from SKKHPP

Switchyard to NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station.

The turbine shaft power is 6.25 MW at an efficiency of 90%. The size and speed of the turbine

is such that the total costs of civil, electrical and mechanical works will be minimized.

The design and the selection of the turbine-generating units are based on the following criteria:

Number of Units: 2

Type of Turbines: Pelton

Shaft configuration: Horizontal

Shaft rotation: Clockwise

Rated Unit Flow: 2.95 m3/sec

Rated Net Head: 244.24 m

Turbine Efficiency: 90%

Generator Efficiency: 96%

Rated Turbine output: 6250 kW

Frequency: 50 Hz

Synchronous Speed: 600 rpm


16

Runaway Speed : 1150 rpm

2.7 Electrical Equipment

Generator

The optimum number of units has been selected as two with turbine mechanical shaft output as

6.25 MW. Accordingly a generator of capacity 7.06 MVA, power factor 0.85 is selected for each

unit.The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project (SKKHPP) will have Two (2) numbers of

generator of 7.06 MVA, 600 rpm, horizontal shaft 3 phase synchronous generator which is

directly coupled to the hydraulic Pelton turbine and all equipment as mentioned below will form

the part of generating unit.

Table 2.4: Generator data for Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project

Parameters Value

Number of units 2

Rating 7.06 MVA

Power factor 0.85 over-excited

Cooling TEWAC (Totally Enclosed Water Air Cooling)

Synchronous speed 600 rpm

Runaway speed 1150 rpm

Number of Poles 10

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Rated voltage 11 kV

Rated range of voltage variation ±5%

Range of frequency variation ±2%

Stator winding connection Y (Star)

Rotor and Stator insulation Class F


Power Transformer

The three phase 8000 kVA 50 Hz power transformers will step-up the 11 kV of generator voltage

to 132 kV. This transformer rating is standard size and consistent with slightly high rating

generators. Although, the variation in voltage can be accomplished by the voltage adjustment of

the generator, it is recommended that an off-load tap-changer will be provided to compensate

for changes in the system operating characteristics throughout the life of the plant. The cooling

should be ONAN. This cooling method will not require fans, which eliminate fans controls and

meets the operating conditions.

Table 2.5: Technical specification of Power Transformer for SKKHPP Rating 8000 kVA (3 Phase)

Quantity 2 Nos.

Cooling ONAN

Primary voltage 11 kV

Secondary voltage 132 kV

Vector group YNd11 (Solidly grounded neutral)

Frequency 50 Hz

Taps -5%; -2.5%; 0; +2.5%; +5% on the 132 kV windings

Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec (as per IEC 76)

Impedance less than 12 %

Efficiency 99 %



17

The transformer will be oil immersed and used for cooling purpose as specified. All apparatus

will be designed to ensure satisfactory operation under such sudden variations of load, frequency

and voltage as may be met-with under system working conditions including those due to short

circuits.

The transformer will be capable of operating continuously at its rated output at all tap positions

without exceeding the temperature rise limits. The incoming side (low voltage side) will be

suitable for terminating two to three single phase cables per phase by using XLPE type copper

cables inside the cable terminating chamber. The termination arrangement will include cable

terminations for delta connection of the transformer windings besides the phase cable

termination. The outgoing side high voltage terminals will be brought out through high voltage

bushing for connecting to other high voltage apparatus of Indoor GIS switchyard. The neutral

points will be brought out on suitable bushings installed and will be solidly grounded via

appropriate conductors.

High Voltage Switchyard

A 132 kV outdoor type switchyard will be constructed near the NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur

(Kabeli) Sub-station to evacuate the generated power as a receiving end switchyard. The

switchyard components shall be suitable for hot, humid and moderately polluted

environment. The switchgear system for this switchyard shall be equipped with Circuit

breakers, Current transformers, potential transformers, disconnecting switches with/without

earthing and Lightning Arrestors and synchronous check relay etc. for 132 kV incoming and

outgoing circuits.

In case of high voltage side of power transformer and line bay Indoor type 145 kV GIS

switchgear will be installed at GIS building near the power house. A 145 kV indoor type GIS

switchyard will be constructed inside the powerhouse to evacuate the generated power.

The switchgear system for this switchyard will be equipped with GIS breakers, Current

transformers, potential transformers, disconnecting switches with/without earthing and

Lightning Arrestors etc. for 132 kV outgoing circuits. The switchgear system here will work in

coordination with the associated control panels accommodated in the control room and will

ensure the overall protection of the switchyard there will be outdoor type 132 kV switchyard at

Interconnection substation at NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station as a receiving end

switchyard.

2.8 Internal Access Road

The access roads includes permanent project access road to Headworks site, mechanical yard,

civil equipment yard, powerhouse area, surge shaft, outlet portal, inlet ports at Kabeli Khola.

Nearly 6 km (earthen, and of 4.5 m width including side drainage) access roads are to be

constructed. However, about 9.0 km road from Happu Khola to Yamfudin need to be upgraded

with gravels. The spoil materials from the tunnel excavation will be used in up grading of the

internal access road while, no disposal area is required for the access road. The muck generated

from opening of internal access road will be used in filling the cuttings and gaps.

2.9 Transmission Line

For transmission line also, separate tender will be called. One year has been planned following

contract award to the supplier for design, fabrication and delivery of the transmission line

materials and installation of the 132 kV transmission line from SKKHPP Switchyard to NEA

33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station.


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2.10 Construction Planning

The construction plan will be prepared during detailed design stage. However, a conceptual

construction plan is prepared in this stage to have guideline for further design of concrete

construction plan. The scale and standard of the project construction will be as accordance to

prevailing practice within the country. The project capacity is fixed to 12,000 kW and its

completion period is conceived to be 3 years from the start excluding forced measure. However,

project period could be extended up to 3 and half years with 6 months grace period.

2.10.2 Contract Packaging

The civil construction works can be categorized into preparatory and main civil works. The

works for access road, camp facilities of the Employer is categorized as preparatory works. Such

preparatory works may be contracted separately so that the real construction works are not

hampered by delay of such works. Hence, the contract may be divided into two small packages

of preparatory works and five major packages of main works as follows:

Access Road

Camp Establishment Works

Main Civil Works

Hydro-mechanical Works

Electro-mechanical Works

Transmission Line Works

The Access Road’ construction package should start as early as possible and shall

include new road construction within project and cross drainage works. This package should be

awarded before mobilization for main civil works like construction of project structure, river

training works and camping.

The ‘Camp Establishment’ package shall include permanent housing, staff quarter,

office and other necessary facilities for the Employer and the Engineer for headworks, surge

shaft and powerhouse sites. This work may be started once PPA is held with NEA and generation

license is awarded from DoED in parallel with the main civil works.

The ‘Main Civil Works’ construction package shall include all civil construction works

like headworks, settling basins, headrace tunnel, surge shaft, penstock/penstock pipe,

powerhouse and tailrace, switch yard, river protection and training works, construction power,

temporary camp facilities for the contractor, general and preliminary works, etc.

The ‘Hydro-mechanical Works’ package shall include all works related to metal and

mechanical works like penstock supply and installation, gates in the headworks, waterway

and tailrace, stoplogs, trashracks, lifting arrangements, , expansion joints, bifurcation, etc.

The ‘Electro-mechanical Works’ package shall include supply, installation and

commissioning of complete electro-mechanical equipment like turbines, generators,

transformers, valves, control panel, diesel generators, switchyard, etc.

The ‘Transmission Line Works’ package shall include all civil works like foundation,

retaining walls, etc required for transmission line, supply and installation of towers and

accessories, stringing of conductors and lightning arrestors and sub-station connection

arrangement.

2.10.3 Construction Power

The construction work for SKKHPP requires operation of several high-power equipment at


19

various locations like Headworks, inlet portals, outlet portals, along penstock pipe, powerhouse

area, mechanical yard and crusher yard location. As there is no any connection to INPS grid

nearby, installation of diesel plants (6) for power generation is seen as the only available option

to supply power for electrically powered equipment. The diesel generator will be also supplied

for the construction of the project.

Table 2.6: DG sets required for the Project S.N. Sites Number Capacity

1 Headworks 1 250 kVA

2 Quarry site 1 100 kVA

3 HRT inlet portal 1 250 kVA

4 Surge shaft Adit 1 250 kVA

5 Powerhouse 1 250 kVA

6 Batching Plant/ Crusher Yard 1 100 kVA

Source: Feasibility Report, 2019

2.11 Land Requirement





Of the permanent land (10.28 ha), 2.13 ha will be acquired from KCA (i.e. KCA forest 1.83 ha,

and 0.3 ha from river flood plain under KCA) and 8.15 ha will be acquired from private land.

Of the total temporary land, (0.35 ha), 0.2 ha will be acquired from river flood plain under KCA

and 0.15 ha will be acquired from private land.

Government Land-Project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA (Permanent-2.13 ha i.e. KCA

Forest 1.83 ha and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA and Temporary Land 0.2 ha from river

flood plain under KCA. All those Government Land is under the management of KCA.

Private land- Project will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent purpose

and 0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes.

The land acquisition process will start once Generation License is granted. Details of land

requirement of project are given in Table 2.8.

All the required land is government owned will be obtained from the concerned authority for

the project life. The land acquisition process will start once Generation License is granted.


20

Table 2.7: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHPP SN Project Component Land Type (ha) Total Area

(ha) Forest Cultivated Barren Flood Plain

KCA Pvt Gov* Pvt Gov Pvt (Alaichii

Bari)

Gov*

Permanent Land Requirement

1 Headworks

Diversion Structure 0.2 0.2

Gravel Trap 0.08 0.08

Approach Canal 0.15 0.15 0.3

Desander & Headpond 0.3 0.3

2 Water Conveyance 0

Headrace Pipe 0.5 2 3.5 6

Penstock Pipe 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8

Surge shaft 0.1 0.1

3 Powerhouse and Tailrace 0.9 0.1 1

4 Access Road 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.2

5 Switchyard 0.1 0.1

6 Camp site 0.1 0.1

7 Stockpile site, Construction yard, batching and

crushing plant

0.1 0.1

Sub-Total 1.83 0 3.85 0 4.3 0.3 10.28

Temporary Land Requirement

8 Quarry Site 0.2 0.2

2 Disposal Site 0.05 0.05

3 Bunker House and Army camp 0.1 0.1

Sub Total 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.2 0.35

Grand Total 1.83 0 0 3.85 0 4.45 0.5 10.63

(Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Study, 2019)

Gov*=KCA

Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report

21

Table 2.8: Summary of land requirement S. N Land type Gov. Pvt Total

KCA Barren RFP Subtotal

1 Permanent 1.83 0.3 2.13 8.15 10.28

2 Temporary 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.35

Total 1.83 0 0.5 2.33 8.3 10.63

Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Study, 2077

Gov*=KCA

2.12 Construction Materials

The project requires substantial quantity of construction materials like cement, fine and

coarse aggregates, reinforcement bars, steel plates, construction chemicals, etc. Major

industrial construction materials like cement and reinforcement will be purchased from

market accessible from the nearest available road head. Steel plates, construction

chemicals, drill rods, etc. will be imported from outside country. Local construction

materials like stones, aggregates and sand will be extracted from the riverbed materials,

deposited along Tamor valleys, or by crushing excavated rocks from tunnel, or bringing

from other suitable locations. Natural boulders available along the banks of Kabeli River

will be used for boulder riprap. Fuel and lubricants will be supplied in direct contact with

Nepal Oil Corporation or its dealer.

Fine aggregates will either be extracted from the sites identified during the field studies

or manufactured by crushing of gneiss and quartzite available as rock mass from the

outcrops, river banks and excavated mucks.

Coarse Aggregates which will be produced at site either from tunnel muck, excavated

materials or from the suitable quarries identified at site.

Cement and reinforcement steel will be purchased from the local market and will be

imported from outside the country only during their shortages in domestic market;

Structural steel will be sourced from outside of the country

Steel anchors will be sourced where necessary from third country and

Explosives for blasting which will be imported from outside the country.

One separate structures will be constructed for the storage of perishable materials such as

cement, chemicals, lubricants, construction fuels, explosives and detonators etc. shaded storage

areas will be required for the material storage.

The explosive amounting to 250 MT explosive and 1,195,000 number of detonator will be

obtained through designated process of Government of Nepal. These explosive will be stored

in proposed appropriate storage site. The electric detonators, detonating fuse, safety fuse,

gelatin, battery, will also be stored close to explosive storage site (containing precaution and

warning sign) that will be used in tunnel construction and the project will follow Explosive Act

2035.


22

Table 2.9: Construction materials requirement for SKKHPP S.

N

Descriptio

n

Cemen

t (MT)

San

d

(m3)

Aggregat

e (m3)

Fuse

wire

(km)

Explosi

ve

(MT)

Detonato

r

(number)

Reinforcemen

t (MT)

Meta

l

work

s

(MT)

1 Weir,

undersluice

, intake and

gravel trap

180 260 300 0 0 0 25 600

2 Settling

basin

50 75 90 0 0 0 15 300

3 Surge shaft

and Adit

80 115 150 52 100 215,000 20

4 Headrace

pipe and

anchor

blocks

115 175 250 0 0 0 60 2000

5 Headrace

Tunnel

200 450 280 170 150 980,000 50

6 Penstock 100 170 250 0 0 0 80 2500

7 Powerhous

e and

tailrace

200 500 500 0 0 0 250 1500

8 Access

road

20 50 500 0 0 0 50

9 River

training

structures

90 200 350 0 0 0 70

10 Switch

yard and

civil works

40 60 80 0 0 0 7 1000

Total 1075 2055 2750 222 250 1,195,000 627 7900


2.10.1 Key Project Activities

Key project activities during pre-construction, construction and operation and maintenance

stage are presented in Table 2.6.

Table 2.10: Key Activities of the project Phase of

project

Project Activities Details

Pre-

construction

Phase

Land acquisition and

leasing

In all the land acquisition and leasing process, agreement with

community forest, KCA forest and land use, right will be taken prior

to the construction period starts.

Land clearance Clearance of the project components structures with vegetation

clearance, tree cutting permission from KCAP and labeling of the

land area.

Support Facilities Includes the internal access road, camp facilities, construction of

toilet in camp sites, water supply and land clearance; establishment

of construction support facilities.

Construction

Phase

Civil Works Includes the civil construction of headworks, intake, undersluice,

settling basing, gravel trap, tunnel works, powerhouse complex,

tailrace and all necessary protection works.

Foundation

preparation works

Foundation works including compaction, sub-base works, paving,

concreting etc. Structure erecting works involving steel works,


23

Phase of

project

Project Activities Details

concreting etc.

Metal Works The company shall import required quantities of steel plates,

channels, and beams and supply to the manufacturer.

Electro-mechanical

Works

Includes the supply, delivery and erection of electro-mechanical

equipment, generating equipment, gates and valves etc.

Stockpiling and

Muck disposal

works

Amount of muck and other accumulated disposal materials will be

disposed in specified area. The specified area has been identified

and the plans have been made to dispose the excessive volume of

muck during the construction. These activities include the disposal

and rehabilitation of the disposed area.

Installation of the

equipment

After the electromechanical works the necessary equipment will be

installed to operate the proposed project

Post

Construction

Phase

Dismantling of construction support facilities

Rehabilitation of the areas occupied by the construction support facilities. Plantation of

muck disposal sites etc.

Operation

Phase

Operation of powerhouse

Maintenance of headwork, desander, headrace tunnel, penstock pipe, and powerhouse


2.13 Quarry and Borrow Pits

Quarries for stone/aggregates and sand will be extracted from natural deposits and quarries.

Material excavated from excavation of roads, hydraulic structures, tunnel, penstock alignment

route will be reused for construction purposes. Tentative Cement is 1075 MT, Sand is 2055 m3

and Aggregate is 2750 m3. For quarry site, 0.2 ha area will be allocated. The location of the

quarry site is at the Kattike and another one is at the headworks site at Samekham. The daily

limit per quarry site is 250 cubic meter or as per the government rule. The royalty will be paid

to KCA or to concern authority as per the prevailing norms of Government of Nepal/KCA by

the project. The location of different proposed quarry sites is described in Table 2.12 below.

The location of such sites is shown in topo map at Annex II. The extracted volume of quarry

materials will be stockpiled within quarry area for very short time and from there it will be

transported to stockpiling area for storage until further usage. Thus, stockpiled quarry materials

will be covered with plastic sheet to prevent dust emission and scattering of particles. For the

quarry site, 0.2 ha will be required. Trenching operation for material quarrying will be

prohibited in river flood plain areas. Quarrying of aggregates will be carried out through

striping operations such that the landscape after the quarry will be same as before. Besides,

quarry operations will be conducted only up to the water level of river. Permission for quarry

site of the project will be carried out from local government according to prevailing rules (i.e.

Mines and Minerals rule, 2064).

2.14 Land Clearance Excavation and Cut-fill Works

Table 2.11 shows the estimated cut and fill volume for the project. It is estimated that the

project will generate 49343.87 m3 surplus bulk volumes of muck/debris and spoil mixed with

stone that need to be disposed from the entire project including the access road. 5200 m3 volume

of top soil will be generated from the entire project components. The spoil/muck generated will

be refilled and utilized during access road construction and other project components after

constructions.


24

Table 2.11: Tentative Generation of muck/Spoil Volume from different project

component

S.

N.

Structure Cutting (m3) Filling

(m3)

Balance

(m3) Soil HR SR BMS Total

1 River diversion

and headworks

12.10 14.00 16.00 1525.00 1567.10 940.26 626.84

2 Intake & Intake

Canal

163.28 75.94 227.82 835.32 1302.35 781.41 520.94

3 Gravel Trap 37.97 0.00 139.22 334.13 511.32 306.79 204.53

4 Settling Basin 513.85 202.50 778.62 835.32 2330.28 1398.1

7

932.11

5 Head race tunnel

alignment

2551.50 37850.50 25278.0

2

1941.22 67621.2

4

6762.1

3

60859.12

6 Surge shaft 74.42 9.62 12.66 232.88 329.57 197.74 131.83

7 Penstock 759.38 40.00 885.94 496.13 2181.44 1308.8

6

872.57

8 Powerhouse &

Switchyard

607.50 12.66 253.13 607.50 1480.78 888.47 592.31

9 Tailrace 177.19 0.00 0.00 101.25 278.44 167.06 111.38

10 Camp and Other

Facility

25.13 0.00 405.00 334.13 764.25 113.28 650.97

11 Access Road 10884.38 1256.25 7340.63 2250.00 21731.2

5

19054.

00

2677.25

12 Total 15806.68 39461.46 35337.0

2

9492.85 100098.

01

31918.

16

68179.84

13 Total Quantity 100098

14 Total Fill

Quantity

31918.16

15 Total Balance of

Spoil

68179.84

16 Bulk Factor 13635.97

17 Total Balance

after Bulk

addition

54543.87

18 Estimated Top

Soil

5200

19 Total Spoil to be

disposed

49343.87

HR- Hard Rock, SR- Soft Rock, BMS- Boulder Mixed Soil

Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHPP, 12 MW

2.15 Disposal Sites for Excavated Materials

The majority of the excavated material (80% of the total) will be removed from the headrace

tunnel, surge shaft, Tailrace tunnel. A total of 0.05 ha area has been proposed for disposal site.

Muck/spoil disposal sites will be situated considering above High flood level (HFL) verified

from field observation during construction of the project. However; the muck and spoil

generated will be also used for local road upgrading which is also a part of CSP activities of

the project and for internal road maintenance. Permission for muck/spoil disposal site of the

project will be carried out from local government according to prevailing rules and regulations.

Hence, total disposable material is 49,343.87 m3 and height of disposed material will be 6.5 m.

For protection of the disposal area, gabion wall will be applied.


25

2.16 Construction Camps and Office

Sufficient housing facility during the project construction for labor force is not available in the

nearby villages. There are provision of Engineering Camps, Contractors and Labour Camps.

Thus, labor camps will be proposed both in headworks and powerhouse sites. About 0.1, ha

land will be utilized for the construction of permanent campsites. Majorly camp sites are built

in private land and barren land. Altogether, 1 contractors and 1 Labor camps in headworks, 1

Engineering camps near powerhouse and 1 Army Camps near bunker house will be established.

There will be separate camp facilities for project staff and Contractors’ staff. Remaining

structures and facilities for project staff and contractor’s staffs will be temporary on feature

and such sites will be dismantled after completion of construction activities. Structures built

for project staff will be mostly permanent, that will be sufficient for project staff during

operation and maintenance phase. Details on camp sites locations and its coordinates have

provided in table 2.12.

2.17 Construction Yard, Parking and Stock Piling of Construction Materials

Main stockpiling area is proposed at the powerhouse and headwork area. Parking area will be

set up together with construction yard at both powerhouse site and headwork site. The location

of such sites is shown in topo map at Annex II. Boundary and fencing will be done between

campsite and stockpiling site.

Eleven excavator, Eleven loader, fifteen dump truck, twenty-five tractor, ten jeep is needed for

the project construction. Major Vehicles will be parked in construction yard. Along with these,

project needs other approximately 35 vehicles, so parking area will be allocated at each site.

Base of construction yard will be PCC with proper drainage management provided with grit

chamber. Dust production in this yard will be minimizing by sprinkling water twice a day.

Bunker house and army camp

Two separate structure (bunker house and army camp) will be built near Engineering camp site

at headworks and muck disposal sites near surge shaft for safe storage and handling of

explosive required for the project. The handling, storage and operation as well as security of

Bunker house and explosive and detonator will be done through Nepal Army.

Altogether 0.1 ha land area will be used temporarily for construction yard, parking and

stockpiling of construction materials including bunker house.

2.18 Crusher and Batching Plant

Both manual and mechanical stone crushing will be used in the project. Three crusher site and

Batching plant have been proposed for the project. Crusher will be installed having each

capacity 20 tons per hour. All these, crusher and batching plant will be immediately dismantled

after the completion of construction of the project. Commercial selling of generated crusher

plant product is strictly prohibited and will be limited to the project required volume only.

About 0.05 ha area will be used temporarily for the erection of crusher and batching plant

respectively.


26

Table 2.12: Project facilities Location with Coordinates S. N. Location Coordinates

Camp Sites

1 Camp sites- 1 (Samekham) 27°27'19.80"N and 87°54'52.16"E

2 Camp sites-2 (Tartung) 27°26'52.99"N and 87°54'30.52"E

3 Camp Site 3 (Khebang, Near Power House) 27°25'32.45"N and 87°52'51.59"E

4 Bunker house and army camp 27°25'31.73"N and 87°53'26.92"E

Quarry Sites

1 Quarry site-1 (Near Samekham) 27°27'24.10"N and 87°54'49.71"E

2 Quarry site-3 (Khebang, Near Powerhouse) 27°26'28.14"N and 87°54'6.22"E

Crushing Plant

1 Crusher plant -1 27°26'53.13"N and 87°54'25.97"E

2 Crusher plant -2 27°26'26.81"N and 87°54'6.01"E

Stockpiling sites and yard

1 Stockpiling site 1 (Samekham) 27°27'19.80"N and 87°54'52.16"E

2 Stockpiling site 2 (Tartung) 27°26'52.99"N and 87°54'30.52"E

3 Stockpiling site-3 (Near Powerhouse site) 27°25'32.45"N and 87°52'51.59"E

Batching plant

1 Batching Plant -1 (Near Camp 2) 27°26'52.28"N and 87°54'26.31"E

2 Batching Plant – 2 27°26'25.88"N and 87°54'6.37"E

Disposal Sites

1 Muck disposal site-1 (Near Head Works) 27°27'19.39"N and 87°54'51.42"E

2 Muck disposal site -2 (Near Assess Road) 27°26'31.12"N and 87°54'12.68"E

3 Muck disposal site -3 (Near Rate Khola) 27°26'11.22"N and 87°53'57.56"E

Source: EIA Field Visit, 2077

2.19 Construction Human Resources

Both skilled and non-skilled human resource will be need for the construction of the project.

Engineer- 12 nos., Sub-Engineer – 20 nos., Skilled Labour: 40 nos., Semi-Skilled Labor: 48

nos., Unskilled Labour: 180 nos. of human resource will be engaged for the peak construction

period. So in total 300 human resources will be engaged in the project.

Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far as possible. The

project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar, Sukepani, Tarton, Selep, Kisongama,

Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining required skilled and semi-skilled human resource may be

hired from outside to the project site.

After the completion of the project, about 20 permanent jobs will be created. Local people from

the area will get priority for the employment during both construction and operation phase.\

2.20 Project Area Delineation

For the purpose of the EIA, the study area is defined as the project area consisting of the project

structures and facilities as well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and


27

operation of the project. The study area is divided into two parts based on the proximity and

magnitude of impacts.

The term “Project” indicates the proposed SKKHPP, 12 MW and the “area” includes the “core

project area” and the “surrounding area”. The term “project area” is also referred to as study

area for the EIA. The core project area and the surrounding areas are defined below:

2.20.1 Core Project Area

The term ''core project area'' implies the area consisting the project structures and facilities as

well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and operation of the project and

fenced off for safeguarding of various structures and facilities as well as the area permanently

acquired by the project.

The core project area includes dewatered river stretch between proposed intake and tailrace

outlet as core project area in ward 6, 7 and 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality where project

structures are located. The concerned wards in which project structures and facilities located

are considered "core project area". This area is later defined as "direct impact zone".

2.20.2 Surrounding Area

The term ''surrounding area'' indicates a greater area, which will directly or indirectly be

influenced by the implementation of the project. This area includes all wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality of Taplejung District where project is going to be established. The project

area is delineated is shown in Table 2.13.

Table 2.13: Project Area Delineation Project Component Core Area Surrounding Area Remarks

Diversion weir and

Intake

250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

All the project

structures will be

located within

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality ward 6,

7 and 8

Gravel Trap 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Approach Tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Settling Basin 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Headrace Tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Surge shaft 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Adit Portals 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Penstock pipe 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Powerhouse &

Switchyard

250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Tailrace tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Access Road 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Muck Disposal Sites 500 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Camp Areas 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Access Road 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality


28

Project Component Core Area Surrounding Area Remarks

Stockpiling Sites 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha

Rural Municipality

Dewatered zone Sirijangha Rural

Municipality ward 6,7

and 8



29

Figure 2.5: Map of Project Affected Rural Municipality

Source: Modified from MoFALD, 2077


30

CHAPTER: III 3 EIA STUDY METHODOLOGY

The EIA process for SKKHP has followed EPR, 2054, EPA 2053, National EIA

guidelines, 2050, DoED EIA manuals, 2001 and 2004 and Guide to Environmental

Management Plan, 2006. In addition, EIA is prepared in compliance with other sectorial

legislations and guidelines of GoN such as Water Resource Act, 1992, National Forest Act,

2076, Soil and Water conservation Act, 1982, National Park and Wildlife Conservation

Act 1973, Local Government Operation Act, 2074, Land Acquisition Act, 1977, Ancient

Monument Protection Act, 1956, Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development

and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065, Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over

the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076, etc. based on field studies,

consultation with local area people and officials of local level governments (Rural

Municipality and DCC).

Data requirement for each environmental component i.e. physical, biological and socio-

economic and cultural were categorically identified and presented. Similarly, the methodology

of field data collection, impact identification, quantification and prediction; and public

consultation/involvement were also identified. The conditions stated in the approval of Scoping

and ToR were also reviewed and followed during the study of EIA.

In order to keep the study as per the Scoping and ToR of the study, the identified possible

impacts on physical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural environments during scoping

and terms of reference has been discussed, evaluated and the mitigation measures have been

proposed.

3.1 Desk Study

During the desk study, in addition to the review of environmental statutory legal provisions,

EIA manuals and guidelines approved Scoping and ToR document of SKKHP, Feasibility

Study Report, 2018 of SKKHP, Detail Design Report of SKKHP, 2018 were reviewed in detail

to come up with the project study requirements both at the desk level and at field level.

Information relating to project, particularly, the location of key project structures and facilities

are studied using 1:50,000 topographic maps to understand the biophysical environments of

the project. Published and unpublished literatures (TISC, 2002, Dictionary of Nepalese plants,

1998, approved EIA of nearby hydropower project) were reviewed to identify the plants and

animals of the project area of the project area pertaining to biological, social, chemical, physical

and cultural environments in the form of maps, etc. were also collected from various sources

and reviewed to get information on the coverage of the studies and data gaps that need to be

fulfilled during the field studies to accomplish the EIA requirements.

With above secondary information in hand, discussions and consultation meetings were carried

out with the project design engineers for further verification of the proponent's understanding

of the project location aspects, project construction and operation modalities, concentration of

activities in the different periods of project construction and operation, etc. Design merits and

demerits of the various alternative options of project development and operation were discussed

for the selection of best alternatives on the environmental grounds.

The above understanding of the project and the project area environmental status paved the


31

way for the development of checklists in different environmental sectors where information

were inadequate to fulfill the objectives of ToR. Discussions were held among the team of

experts on the field methodologies to obtain the database required for the impact evaluation of

the project. These exercises developed a sound foundation for the preparation of field study

schedules and methodology to be used during field studies to come up with required database

to satisfy the ToR requirement for impact evaluation.

3.2 Field Study

The field investigation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which comprised of a

wildlife expert, physical environment expert, environmentalist, sociologist, taxonomist, aquatic

life expert and surveyors. The design engineer of the proponent also assisted the team members

during the field survey. A weeklong field visit was conducted in Asoj, 2076 to collect baseline

and impact analysis for the EIA study of SKKHP. The study team carried out field visit in

Sirijangha Rural Municipality of Taplejung district. In 2076-06-05, public hearing was

conducted in Yamphuding, ward office of ward 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality.

Required baseline information on physical and cultural, chemical, biological, and socio-

economic conditions of direct and indirect impact areas of the project area were collected

during field visit. The information on different environmental components was collected by

using the following methods.

3.2.1 Physical Environment

Feasibility Study Report, 2076 of the proposed project were referred for the baseline

information regarding topography, hydrology, meteorology, seismology, geology,

mineral, soil, etc.

a) Topography and geomorphology

Physical features comprising land use, soil, and landslides/erosion were studied. Drainage

characteristics and hydrological behaviors of the Kabeli Khola was observed and documented.

Geomorphological characteristics were also studied and documented.

Characteristics of discontinuities and weathering patterns of the rock-mass along canal and

penstock alignment – continuity, roughness, attitudes, aperture, groundwater condition, rock

mass quality. Existence of precious, semi-precious, and non-precious minerals in the project

area of excavation and underground works were mentioned.

b) Geology, soil, erosion and land instability

Existing condition of landslides, phenomenon of occurrence, dimension, activity along the

project component;

Condition of slope stability and soil erosion in and around Headworks, Headrace tunnel,

surge shaft, penstock pipe, Powerhouse, Quarry site, Disposal Sites, project component

access roads, etc., considering parameters like slope angle, soil type/texture, seepage,

vegetation and landslide, depth of overburden, orientation of discontinuities of rock-mass,

and soil erosion;

Likelihood of triggering of existing slide, formation of new slides/slope instabilities, and

further aggravating soil erosion due to construction activities;

Rock and mineral type information;


32

Characteristics of discontinuities and weathering pattern of rock mass along the penstock

alignment and powerhouse site depending on the project features;

Seismicity and risk of earthquakes.

c) Climate and hydrology

Climatic and hydrological data were collected and analyzed.

Number of tributaries and kholsi along the dewatered zone.

Identification of other water sources.

Water requirement for different project components and facilities.

d) Air quality

Present air conditions and sources of air pollution; likely air polluting activities and areas

during construction and operation of the project.

The average value dust fall was determined at different places by low volume sampler.

e) Water quality

Water quality parameters at headworks, dewatered stretch and tailrace point.

Waste water treatment procedure to be applied.

f) Soil Quality

Soil quality parameters (indicative of soil fertility) on the land which needs temporary

acquisition.

g) Minerals:

Mineral occurrences in the project area and surface excavation, both riverbed and outside, were

studied by the technical team.

h) Noise Level

Existing sources of noise and noise level.

Sources of data, method of data collection and location of data collection were properly cited.

Noise level at different locations for noise quality by using noise meter.

3.2.2 Biological Environments

Forest and vegetation, ecology, status and types

Vegetation, biodiversity and significance

Loss of vegetation due to project

Potential NTFPs, MAPs, agro-forestry and ethno-botanical species and their socio-

economic values (including the species used by local communities)

Identification of species and their composition in core project area

Coordination between project and KCA for the better management of biodiversity of

the area.

a) Wildlife status and habitats

Habitat of wild animals, fauna, and aquatic life affected by the project,

movement/migration corridor of animals, fauna, and aquatic life affected by the project.

Identification of habitat in project area affected by project components and construction

activities and surrounding area.

Wildlife biodiversity and significance.


33

Habitat continuity and habitat connectivity, habitat condition in terms of degradation.

Fragmentation, human encroachments.

b) Aquatic Life

Aquatic biodiversity, habitat and ecological status

Fish population (species wise), size and weight of the catch, abundance, and

distribution. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was thrown

manually into the intake site and dewatered Zone of Kabeli Khola. Nos. of fishes

observed in each sampling stations, Species Composition and Dominancy; Percentage

Abundance at Sampling Stations; Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) at different sampling

stations; average fish length & weight, etc., was calculated and Migratory pattern and

conservation status of fishes were identified.

Threat and conservation status of each species

Identification, status, and location of aquatic habitat including Run, Riffle, and Pool,

and spawning area in/around the headworks/intakes as well as in dewatered zone

Mapping of aquatic habitat including Run, Riffle, and Pool

Flow (discharge/velocity/water depth) requirement to maintain habitat

Aquatic life other than fish species like Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, aquatic insects

Threatened and conservation status of flora and fauna based on GoN list, National Park

and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, IUCN Red Data Book and CITES List

3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

Demographic characteristics (population, ethnicity, literacy, religion, health and sanitation,

occupational status, income and expenditure, economic activities, etc.) of HEP impact district,

rural municipality and wards.

Demographic characteristics (population, ethnicity, literacy, religion, health and sanitation,

occupational status, income and expenditure, economic activities etc.) of project affected

Households.

Gender Analysis: Gender division of labor-agriculture related activities, household activities,

other income generating activities, role of gender in decision making, ownership over property,

exposure to outside world marketing, membership in different organization, through focus

group discussion for major caste groups.

Economic Concern: Land use and land capability, production and sale, sources of income,

livestock holding, expenditure pattern, holding of household assets, food sufficiency, ineptness,

coping strategies, etc. of impact wards

Infrastructure and social support service facilities of Project impact areas (Schools, and

locally active institutions, health post, motorable road and other infrastructure etc.) and access

of local people to these social facilities

Agriculture practice and production of the Project affected wards, food sufficiency status of

the impact wards

Agriculture practice and production of HP direct impact area

Prevailing market price of land and property in the HP direct impact areas. Price of local

commodity from market survey.


34

Existing water use at downstream and quantity of water requirement to them

Further possibility of water use of water related project both upstream and downstream of

head works

In case of water use conflict, concurrent letter with the existing or probable water use

groups

Cultural, historical, archeological sites and practice along the project delineated area and

their significance among different caste/ethnic groups

Study of Indigenous community

Study of cultural and religious practice

Use of NTFPs, dependency of local people on NTFPs, Commercially important NTFPs and

annual turnover

Sock and Vulnerability-landslides, flood epidemics, losses due to wild animals and coping

strategies

Expectation from the project and desired mode of compensations to the affected families.

Possibilities of social ill such as HIV/AIDS/STDs/Prostitution, etc.

3.3 Data Collection Procedure

Required information, database, for the EIA study was collected using the following

procedures:


35

The different steps of EIA methodology are described below:

3.3.1 Literature Review

During the literature review, the review of environmental statutory legal provisions, EIA

manuals and guidelines, approved ToR document of SKKHP, Feasibility Study Report, 2076

of SKKHP, were reviewed in detail to come up with the project study requirements both at the

desk level and at field level. Information relating to project, particularly, the location of key

project structures and facilities were studied using 1:50000 topographic maps to understand the

biophysical environment of the project. Secondary literatures in the form of reports and maps,

topographic maps, land use maps, land capability maps, land system maps, aerial photographs,

etc. were collected from different sources and reviewed. Published literatures such as Tree

Improvement and Silviculture Component (TISC), 2002 and Dictionary of Nepalese Plant

Names, 1998 were reviewed to identify the plants and animals of the project area. Published

and unpublished literatures of the project area pertaining to biological, social, chemical,

physical and cultural environments in the form of maps, etc. were also collected from various

sources and reviewed to get information on the coverage of the studies and data gaps that need

Draft EIA Report Preparation

Field Study

Physical and Chemical Environment

Biological Environment

Socio-economic Environment

Methodology

Literature Review

Data Analysis

Public Hearing

Preparation of Final EIA Report

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for EIA Methodology


36

to be fulfilled during the field studies to accomplish the EIA requirements. However, the focus

of the literature survey was concentrated on proposal specific issues and related baseline

environment.

3.3.2 Field Study and Site Inspection

Field studies were conducted in proposal areas in an extensive manner. Investigations were

targeted to fill in the data gaps identified during the literature survey as per the requirement of

assessment study. The field investigation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which

comprised of KCA as recommended by MoFE, wildlife expert, physical environment expert,

environmentalist, sociologist, taxonomist, aquatic life expert and surveyors. Required baseline

information on physical and cultural, chemical, biological, and socio-economic conditions of

direct and indirect impact areas of the project area were collected during field visit. The

information on different environmental components was collected by using the following

methods.

3.3.2.1 Physical Environmental Survey

Physical environment study was carried out by delineating the area, which might be affected

by the proposal activities during construction and operation of the SKKHP main components

and support facilities. In order to collect baseline information on physical environment, an

intensive field investigation along the proposed project site was carried out using a checklist.

Field survey was carried out for the study of topography, Geomorphology, Geology, Soil, and

Land stability.

Site-specific information on the above sectors was collected for the identification of physically

critical areas particularly landslide and erosion prone areas and was demarcated in the maps.

Land degradation sites identified from the Land use maps/topographic maps were visited to

verify the status of soil erosion, landslides and other forms of degradation by direct

observations. Discussions were held with the local communities on the seasonal activities of

the geomorphic agencies such as rain, water, and air, which influence the soil erosion and land

degradation.

Direct observations of the project area were made to elucidate and evaluate the sources of air

polluting sources. The average value dust fall was determined at different places by Low

Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type). Direct observations of the project area were made to

elucidate and evaluate the sources of air polluting sources. The average value dust fall was

determined at camp site at Yamfudin village by Low Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type).

(Table 4.8). Direct observation and measurements of sound pressure level at different locations

for noise quality by noise meter was done. Noise data was taken three times a day for four days.

Sound level meter for 30 minutes each at five locations, three times a day were taken and its

average value was recorded.

Samples of water from different areas were collected for the test. Different water parameters

were determined (Table 4.9) during lab analysis. Any other pollution related

informationsinformation was collected in the project-affected areas due to the project.

Information about climate change indicators (emission of greenhouse gases, temperature, and

precipitation) were collected in the project areas. Hydrological and Climatological data were

taken as source from the latest feasibility report of the project. Mineral occurrences in the


37

project area, surface excavation both riverbed and outside was studied by environmental and

technical team. Any further water use conflict due to project implementation was observed.

Past occurrence of earthquake and analysis of seismic map of region or Nepal was also done.

3.3.2.2 Biological Environmental Survey

A walkthrough survey along with interview with the key informants were carried out in the

project area for collecting information on the effect of project activities on biological

environment of project direct and indirect impact area particularly on forest, and wildlife by

using a sample checklist and questionnaire.

Total enumeration was done for tree loss due to project. The loss of plants including threatened

species (endangered, vulnerable, rare, commercially threatened, etc. as per IUCN Red Book,

CITES Appendices and NPWC act list) was enumerated in the direct impact areas of the project

site. Height and girth of each tree species was measured to know species wise number of trees

and calculate the standing wood volume, which needs to be cleared for the development of the

project. The classification of trees, poles, and saplings used in the study is: Trees over 30 cm

DBH are considered as timber trees, trees having 10 to 30 cm DBH are referred to as pole size

trees and trees with less than 10 cm DBH are termed saplings. Based on this information, loss

of tree species and loss of standing wood were calculated.

Survey of wildlife biodiversity, their habitats, modes of mobility, burrows, footprints, pallets,

ground digging and marking, remains (skin, fur, feathers, bones, etc.), nests, holes, behaviors

and migratory routes, etc. were carried out in the field by walk through survey. Transect method

was used to identify the status of wildlife. Besides, participatory interaction with local required

to unravel the linkages between wildlife habitats and proposal activities. The indicator wildlife

and threatened or endangered species (as per IUCN Red Book, CITES Appendices, and NPWC

act list) in the area were identified by direct observational surveys and consultations with the

local communities. Such species of conservation significance were studied in detail to unravel

their habitat location and habitat conditions, feeding, breeding and nesting requirements.

Occurrence of NTFPs and medicinal plants were studied. Ethnobotany of the area and NTFPs

and medicinal plants used by the local people was studied by interaction with them. Fodder

plant species of the area were identified via walk through survey, sampling and interaction with

local people.

Birds in the area were studied by observation of sight and noting their sounds. Birdcalls, tracks,

eggs and nests were referred in recognizing the presence of birds and the extent of their

territories. The number of different kinds of birds including rare, endangered, etc. (as per IUCN

Red Book, CITES Appendices, and NPWC act list) heard or observed during a walk within the

specified time of specified length and direction was used as an indicator to estimate abundance,

range and typical habitats for feeding, breeding and nesting requirements.

Aquatic life including phytoplankton, zooplanktons, and insects were studied by using plankton

net and sampling net from the proposed tailrace end to the Dam site at Kabeli Khola. Similarly,

to understand the status of fish, sampling was done in different sections of river stretch from

head works to tailrace areas. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was

thrown manually into the intake site and dewatered Zone of the Kabeli Khola. This procedure

was repeated twice a day for 4 days during pre-monsoon season. The spawning habitats at the


38

riverbed, seasonal and migratory, breeding, and feeding characteristics of fish were studied to

unravel the potential impacts of the project construction and operational activities on the

fishery.

Environment flow required for the survival of aquatic species along the dewatered zone was

studied.

3.3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Survey

Information on general socio-economic conditions of the people of the project-affected wards

was collected through:

All the land area to be permanently acquired was identified in field. Census survey of

each of the directly affected households was surveyed for their socio-economic

conditions using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were used for the

analysis and interpretation of Social Households Livelihood Survey, Gender Analysis,

Property Ownership, Women’s Role in Household Design making, etc.

Group discussions at wards

Study of indigenous community

Cultural and religious practice of the project area

Community meetings at major settlement of Project area

The data collection instruments were used to collect data on directly and indirectly

affected people, as tentatively been estimated, as shown in Table 3.1. Other data

collection formats were prepared to compile statistics of the district in order to assess

the regional economic impact of the SKKHP.

Table 3.1: Target Groups for Socio-Economic and Cultural Data Collection Affected People Type EIA Study Target

Directly Affected People

Families whose house or land has to be

acquired temporarily or permanently for the

project

HHs of Sirijangha Rural Municipality, ward 6, 7 and 8 whose

HHs/land will be affected due to project component

The exact no of families whose house or land is affected by

the project has confirmed during field investigation and those

land and property permanently lost were taken census survey.

Indirectly Affected People

Families or villages that will be disrupted or

benefit from the construction activities, road

access, and project operation

Sirijangha Rural Municipality

The survey question included, the family size, education, health, religion, economic activities,

land holding size, agricultural production, horticultural production, livestock, household

income (farm and off farm), general household expenditures, etc. to unravel the living status of

the affected households.

The information included demographic features of the households, migration pattern,

employment, landholding size, agricultural production, food sufficiency, other productive

resources, livestock holdings, access to different social infrastructures such as drinking water,

education, health-posts, general health, hygiene and sanitation condition, etc.

Demographic statistics of local people at Rural Municipality, ward were sourced from 2011

census data published by CBS, profile of project affected Rural Municipality and District

Profile of Taplejung District.


39

Census survey was carried out for affected households whose land or property acquired for the

project.

Information on social infrastructures such as schools, health posts, drinking water, etc. were

collected from the ward offices, consultation with village elites and through focus group

discussions at ward levels to assess the current situation of these facilities and the general

sanitation status of the project area communities. Information of the conditions of these

facilities, their adequacy and beneficiary population were collected. Participatory rural

appraisal was carried out in the project area to collect such information.

All sites of religious, cultural and historical importance in the directly project affected area

were visited and observed. Possible impacts on such area were identified and mitigation

measures were proposed. The social, cultural and religious values and significance of these

sites were noted through consultations with the communities. Possibilities of protecting,

conserving, or relocating such sites were also examined thoroughly in consultations with local

people, priests and village elites.

3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation

3.4.1 Physical Environment

Most of the physical environmental impacts or issues were identified predicted and evaluated

on observation and ad-hoc basis during EIA field. Water samples were tested and analyzed in

lab and expert interpretation were carried out. Physical data on landslide, slope instability were

analyzed based on field visit and interpretation. Geological and geo-morphological data were

analyzed based on the feasibility survey of SKKHP. Existing solid waste management practices

were studied during observation and consultations. The record on the environment was

collected by using the simple checklists (XIII).

The concentrations of air particulates were determined following the standard value of total

suspended air particulates of National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Nepal, 2012. Sound

level meter was used for the measurement of noise level in the field and compared with the

National ambient sound pressure level standards 2012.

Methods employed for the data collection were indirect assessment of air quality; water sample

collection at Kabeli khola and laboratory analysis for water quality; and direct observation and

measurements of sound pressure level at five locations (headwork, headrace tunnel, surge shaft,

penstock pipe, powerhouse) for noise quality by noise meter. Noise data was taken three times

a day for four days. Apart from the above information, discussions were carried out with local

communities for gathering information on air, water, noise and solid waste.

Estimation on the reduction GHG gas and its contribution on Climate Change were also studied.

3.4.2 Biological Environment

a. Vegetation survey

The quantitative data from total enumerations were used for the analysis of basal area, wood

volume and biomass.

Data Analysis for Tree species

Diameter and height of all trees that will be cut down during project implementation were

recorded. The tree species found around the project area were also recorded during field visit.


40

The stand size of classification of tree and pole is presented in Table 3.2. The classification is

done based on Community Forest Guidelines, 2071.

Table 3.2: Stand size classifications S. N. Stand Size DBH (cm)

1 Poles 10-30 cm

2 Tree >30 cm

Source: Community Forest Guidelines, 2071

The quantitative data from total enumeration was used for the analysis of basal area, relative

basal area, crown coverage, and wood volume using appropriate tools and were presented in

the formats listed in checklist. Similarly herbs and shrubs observed during the field were listed.

Besides, enumeration of the trees of the forest areas, which will be affected during construction

of project structures, was carried out. Height and girth of each tree species, which will be

cleared during construction of project components, was measured to know species wise number

of trees and calculate the standing wood volume. The categorization of trees, poles, and

saplings was done based on the dbh, as those with more than 30 cm dbh were considered as

trees and such with 10 to 30 cm dbh as poles. Based on this information, loss of tree species

and loss of standing wood volume, were calculated for each tree species using following

formulas:

Basal Area and Wood Volume Calculation

It is calculated at breast height (1.37 m) and estimated as:

BA= 𝜋d2/4

Volume (m³) = Basal Area x Tree height x Form factor,

Where form factor = 0.5

For calculating biomass quantity of foliage and fuel wood, a biomass and volume table with

species description for community forest management (TISC, technical paper series no.101,

published in 2000, by Department of Forest/MoFSC) was used. The valuation of standing

biomass was calculated as per the Forest Act, 2076.

Further, the loss of forest species, type, volume and number of trees to be cut down etc.

were identified and calculated as per the format given in checklist.

Occurrence of NTFPs and medicinal plants were studied.

Information on the ethnobotany of the area (NTFPs and medicinal plants used by the

local people) was gathered through interaction with local people.

Fodder plant species of the area were recorded by walk through survey, sampling and

interaction with local people.

Regional biodiversity, ethnobotany, agrobiodiversity, and NTFPs were identified using

relevant literatures and reference sources, which was also verified in field by visual

observation, PRA and with the help of key informants of local area.

b. Wildlife Survey

i) Mammals Survey

To understand the wildlife diversity, habitat and ecology, both direct and indirect methods were


41

used. Transect walks were performed to know the status of mammals in each forest area close

to the project site three times in a day, viz early morning, afternoon, and late evening. Mammals

observed along the corridor were recorded, along with information on their habitat. This

method of continuous recording (Chalise et al. 2003) was adopted for the collection of general

information on species diversity and population by direct observations. This method is also

known as Visual Encountered Sampling to reflect wildlife population and diversity. Besides, a

ten-minute scan sampling was also undertaken in each transect corridor to observe mammals’

species diversity in forest areas. This method was repeated several times during the observation

session and shifting the observation site in each hour interval. Continuous and libitum sampling

was also performed during the forest walk and all new observations were recorded (Altmann,

1974).

The presence of mammals were also recorded by the identification of pug marks/footprints,

droppings/pellets, ground digging and uprooting, tree scratching and marking, remains (skin,

fur, feathers, bones, horns/antlers and carcasses), holes and burrows, etc. In addition, call

counts, cries, smell/odor, left-over food, trampling of plants, flowers and fruit bunches were

also recorded. Additional information on mammal’s movements was obtained from discussions

with a range of stakeholders that included KCA personnel, local farmers, etc. Mammals

occurring in the project alignment were identified and analyzed based on literature review,

visual and PRA methods.

ii. Avifauna Survey

The identification of droppings/pellets, remains (skin, feathers, bones and carcasses), nests, etc.

also helped to record the presence birds. In addition, call counts, cries, including others, were

also recorded. Additional information on birds was obtained from discussions with a range of

stakeholders that included KCA personnel, local farmers, etc.

To understand the bird diversity, habitat and ecology, both direct and indirect methods were

used. Transect surveys were performed to observe bird status in each forest areas located close

to the project site two times in a day, viz early morning and late evening. Birds observed

along the corridor were recorded, along with information on their habitats. Besides, a ten-

minute scan sampling was also done in each transect corridor to observe avian species diversity

in forest areas. This was repeated several times during the observation session, and shifting the

observation site in an interval of an hour. Additional information on presence and movements

of avifauna was obtained from discussions with a range of local stakeholders including KCA,

local key people, etc. Avifauna were identified and analyzed based on literature review, visual

and PRA methods.

iii) Herpetofauna Survey

Visual encounter surveys (VES) were done for recording of herpetofauna. This is one of the

inexpensive, easy to implement and efficient over diverse habitats (Manley et al. 2004). This

method is of additional benefits like low site disturbance, low animal mortality, ease of

implementation in terrestrial or aquatic environments.

The sampling was done twice a day. The focus was given on finding species of amphibians and

reptiles as possible. For this, a 25 m*25 m quadrat was made in each 400 m interval, for which

suitable habitats like rocks, logs and tree bottoms were searched. In addition, presence of


42

swamp and marshy areas along the transect was also searched. Each site was studied for 5

minutes. Searches were conducted using long-handled dipnets and overturning rocks and logs.

Additional information on the movements of herpetofauna was obtained from discussions with

a range of stakeholders including KCA, local key people, etc. Herpatofauna were identified

and analyzed based on literature review, visual and PRA methods.

iv) Status of Rare/Endangered and Protected Flora and Fauna

The rare endangered, and protected plant species were categorized according to IUCN Red

Data Book, CITES Appendices and NPWC act's list of protected plant species. Mitigation plan

for such plant species are proposed based on the baseline situation of the project area.

v) Aquatic Habitat and Species

To understand the status of fish, sampling was done in different sections of river ranging from

head works to tailrace. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was thrown

manually into the Kabeli khola. This procedure was repeated twice a day for 4 days. Similarly,

zooplanktons, phytoplankton and aquatic insects were collected from all sampling stations.

Using 50 mm mesh plankton net, 110 liters of river water was filtered with the help of a 100

ml jug. Zooplanktons collected in the plankton net were transferred in to the sample bottle.

Few drops of 5 % formaldehyde solution were added in to the plankton sample for preservation.

The preserved sample was taken to the biological laboratory of private sector at Kathmandu for

further identification with the help of microscope and available literatures.

One liter of water sample was collected in a glass jar. Then, the Lugal’s solution was added

into the glass jar until the weak tea colour appeared. Then, it was allowed to settle down for 15

hours. The preserved sample was siphoned out with the help of plastic tube. The sample

solution was siphoned until it reached 50 ml mark in the glass jar. Then, the bottom solution of

phytoplankton was transferred into the sample bottle. The preserved sample was brought back

to the laboratory for identification.

D-net (Drift net) and forceps were used to collect aquatic insects, which were preserved in 10%

formalin until identification. Edmondson (1959) preservation method was used as the main

reference.

Environment flow of the stream was proposed based on the size, frequency of occurrence,

migratory range of available species and it is 10% of monthly flow.


The study utilized both primary and secondary information for socio-economic and cultural

data collection. Census survey was carried out for affected households whose land or property

will be acquired for the project. Such data collected from household survey and key informant

interview were transferred to standard tabular form (attached in annex, checklist for EIA study)

and interpreted. The tables attached in checklist were used to collect data on impact on socio-

economic interview. Such data then were transferred to excel spreadsheet and word. The data

were interpreted by expert judgments. Excel sheets were used for the analysis of data.

The socio-economically useful and commercially important timbers as well as Non-Timber

Forest Products (NTFPs) of the project-impact area were investigated by an ethnobotanical

survey, key informant survey and focus group discussion. The costs of lost tree volume, NTFPs,

were analyzed based on current local market price.


43

Project affected families which need to acquire land or properties were considered as project

affected families. Furthermore, families, whose land or property to be acquired by project when

exceeds 50% of their total owned land or property, were considered as severely project affected

families.

The questionnaires were used for the analysis and interpretation of Social Households

Livelihood Survey. The questionnaire / checklist was designed in such a way that the Gender

Analysis, Property Ownership, Women’s Role in Household Design making, etc. could be well

analyzed.

For, collection of primary data related to socio-economic and cultural environment during EIA

study of SKKHP, following methods were used:

A. Household survey Questionnaires

Household questionnaire survey was conducted in all 25 Project Affected Families using the

structured questionnaires to obtain baseline information on demographic and educational

status, ownership patterns and farm practices, energy sources, income and expenditures,

livestock, socio-economic and cultural data and information.

B. Key Informant Interview

In order to enumerate the collective perception of the people for the implementation of SKKHP,

meeting with key people and local stakeholders were in different locations of Sirijangha Rural

Municipality in close coordination with local Concern Committee. In such meetings, various

key people of settlements were involved.

Key informant interviews were conducted in the project area to obtain the information on the

status of the resources, economic status, infrastructure development, users' perceptions,

community development and peoples' participation. Such a survey was necessary to determine

the issues, which were not addressed by other survey methods.

C. Cultural and Religious Sites

The cultural environments of the project area, relating to cultural sites, archeological/historical

and religious sites were studied using the checklist. The methods used for cultural

environment’s studies were direct observation of the cultural sites (Temples, cremation

grounds, festival sites, etc.) and historical /archaeological sites within the direct project affected

areas. Other information related to the culture and religious sites were collected by focus group

discussions and key informant survey (cultural practices, traditions, significance etc.).

3.5 Public Consultation and Involvement

Regular informal public consultation is a part of the EIA study. Local people were consulted

in a number of occasions and forums through Focus Group Discussions, key informant

interviews, household interviews, and meeting with line to enrich the knowledge on the local

physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments of the area. Information

pertaining to the optimum environmental mitigation options and environmental enhancement

measures was also obtained from the discussions and consultations with the local people.

The information solicited was used extensively in finding the consensus for the implementation

of the project and preparation of this EIA report, particularly for the environmental baseline,

prediction of environmental impacts, design of mitigation and monitoring and in the

preparation of environmental enhancement programs.


44

The issues raised during public consultation are listed in table below and the obligatory and

non-obligatory issues, concern and demands of consultations and their prioritization are

presented in Table 3.3.


45

Table 3.3: Summary of local consultation S.N Location Date (B.S.) Issues raised in consultation

1 Sirijungha Rural Municipalities

ward no: 6 of Taplejung District

2077/04 /19 Proper compensation should be provided for the project-affected land during project

implementations.

Proper compensation should be provided for the project affected plants and trees.

Afforestation program must be held for the loss of trees

Electricity facilities should be provided to the local people.

Employment opportunity should be given to the local people according to their skill and ability

Share should be provided to the local people.

Project should reconstruct the temples, road, bridge, gumba, etc. as compensation of its

destruction.



2077/04/ 20 During the construction of project effect on living and grazing of Wild life should be

minimized.

Hunting of Wild animal and birds should be prohibited.

If there is chances of causing any effect on wildlife then their habitat must be conserved

including social awareness program

On the Project affected area suitable trees should be planted .

Proper compensation of Land and project affected people should be provided with

employement



2077/04/ 21 Proper compensation should be provided for the project-affected land during project

implementations.

Proper compensation should be provided for the project affected plants and trees.

Afforestation program must be held for the loss of trees.

Employment opportunity should be given to the local people according to their skill and ability.

Share should be provided to the local people.

Electricity facilities should be provided to the local people.

Project should reconstruct the temples, road, bridge, gumba, etc. as compensation of its

destruction.

EIA Field Survey, 2077


46

D. Reporting

All relevant primary and secondary data collected from the field survey were analyzed and

tabulated. Existing environmental conditions were evaluated using standard methods such as

checklists, questionnaires/matrices, and expert judgment. The information was processed and

presented in tables and maps with illustrations at appropriate places in the text.

3.6 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation

Matrix method was used to assess impact of the project on physical, biological and socio-

economic and cultural environments. The significance of both identified and predicted impacts

were evaluated. Based on the evaluation each significant impact was further categorized as

high, medium and low in terms of magnitude, short term, medium term and long term in terms

of duration and local, site specific and regional in terms of extent. The magnitude, extent and

duration were categorized as per National EIA Guideline, 2050.

3.6.1 Significance of Impacts

Significant: If the impact is considerable and changes the baseline condition, it is considered

significant impact.

Insignificant: If the change is so minor that baseline condition is not affected considerably, it

is called insignificant.

Magnitude of Impacts

Low Impact (L): If the value of the resources could be used with no or minimum

inconvenience to the public.

Medium/Moderate Impact (M): If the value of the resources could be used with

inconvenience to the public.

High Impact (H): If the value of the resources reduced far below the publicly acceptable level.

3.6.2 3.6.2 Extent of Impacts

Site Specific (S): If the impact is limited to the project area then it is a site specific one.

Local (L): If the impact of the work extends to the watershed then it is termed as local.

Regional (R): If the impact of the work extends beyond the watershed then it is termed as

regional.

National (N): If the resources are affected at national scale, it is known as a national impact.

3.6.3 Duration of Impacts

Short Term (ST): If the impacts last for 3 years after project initiation, it is classified as short

term. The construction phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category.

Medium Term (MT): An impact that continues for more than 3 years but less than 20 years

is considered as medium-term. The construction phase impacts, which last until 1-2 years of

operation phase fall under this category.

Long Term (LT): An impact that lasts beyond 20 years is considered to be long term. The

operation phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category.


47

Table 3.4: Categorization of magnitude, extent and duration Impact Category Score

Magnitude High (H) 60

Medium (M) 20

Low (L) 10

Extend Regional (R) 60

Local (L) 20

Site Specific (SS) 10

Duration Long Term (LT) 20

Mid Term (MT) 10

Short Term (ST) 5

Source: Modified from National EIA Guideline, 2050

On the basis of expert judgment following scoring method were used for the identification and

prediction of significance of impacts.

Table 3.5: Categorization of Significance of Impacts Impact Category Score

Significant Significant (S) Greater then 75

Moderately Significant (MS) 50 to 75

Insignificant (I) Less than 50

Based on the above categorization and numerical values, issues considered for EIA study were

prioritized by preparing an EIA matrix.

3.7 Public Hearing and Consultation

Regular public consultation is a part of the EIA study throughout the EIA study period. Local

people were consulted in a number of occasions and forums to enrich the knowledge on the

local physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment of the area.

Information pertaining to optimum environmental mitigation options and environmental

enhancement measures was also obtained from the discussions and consultations with the local

people.

A public hearing was organized in Yamphudin, ward 8 ward office of Sirijangha Rural

Municipality, Taplejung on 05 Ashoj 2076. The summary of the public hearing is included in

Annex VI. The people of local area were informed at beforehand through posting of public

notices and other local meetings. A pubic deed of enquiry of the notification was also

performed (Annex V and Annex VI).

Total number of 61 people participated in the public hearing meeting (Annex V). A number of

local area representative expressed their views on the proposed project. Comments and

suggestions on the EIA report were received both from directly and indirectly affected people

of the area. A summary of the public consultation deliberations, comments and suggestions are

presented in Annex VI. This EIA report has included such concerns and suggestions received

in the public hearing meetings under Environmental Mitigation Measures and Environmental

Enhancement Measures. The recommendation letters from the project affected Rural


48

Municipality and other local organizations from project-affected settlements are included in

Annex VII.

3.7.1 Issues and concerns shown by the stakeholders in response to the Public Hearing

and interaction meetings

From the interaction meetings and public hearing, it was found that the local people were very

happy towards the project; they want the project to be implemented as soon as possible.

Besides, stakeholders have different opinions and concerns about the project that are listed

below:

i. From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke

Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project Area, Project should construct

black top Road.

ii. Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7.

iii. Distribution of free electricity to the locals.

iv. Use of local resources and priority of employment to the locals.

v. Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7 to teach technical subject like Science.

vi. Proper compensation to the land owners acoording to agreements between them.


49

CHAPTER: IV 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

4.1 Physical Environment

4.1.1 Topography

The major part of the project area is located in the Mid-Mountain. Kabeli river is flowing from

north to south direction and it flows towards east-west after joining Iwa Khola. Kabeli river is

a snow and rain fed river originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna

Himalaya, at an elevation of about 5500 m amsl. There are few active landslides along Kabeli

river catchment which are major sediment contributor. Kabeli River is a high gradient river.

Recent alluvial deposits are located along and on the side of the river. Some recent terraces are

barren. Hills in the area are covered with forest and vegetation. The average gradient of the

river is steep and is about 7%. The average gradient of the river in between the proposed weir

site and powerhouse site is about 15.0%.

The proposed headworks area lies at 50 m upstream from the confluence of Kabeli River and

Chinabu Khola along gentle slope. The intake and settling basin area of the proposed alignment

lies at the left bank of Kablei Khola in river terrace deposit. The proposed waterway alignment

passes along gentle (mostly) to steep slope in the certain stretch. The surge shaft lies at

relatively steep slope comprising rock mass. The penstock alignment passes along relatively

steep slope comprising bed rock. The proposed powerhouse area and tailrace area lies along

the moderately sloped colluvial and alluvial terrace deposit.

4.1.2 Catchment characteristics

The Kabeli river is one of the major tributaries of Kabeli khola. Kabeli river is a snow fed river

originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna Himalaya. The catchment area

of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project at the proposed intake is calculated to be 162.05

square kilometer. The catchment area below of the basin below 5000 m elevation is 161.36

km2 and below 3000 m elevation is 49.48 km2.

The snow component in the river flow makes it a perennial river with sustained dry season

flow. Kabeli river flow east-west from the Lami Dada where it meet with Hadi Khola increasing

the discharge in the river. Amji Khola is a major tributary of Kabeli river which flows north-

south and meets Kabeli river at Thungim village. The proposed weir site is located at about El.

1703 m immediate upstream of confluence of Kabeli river and Amji Khola.

The basin area of Kabeli River shows a wide variation in topography of land. Kabeli River is

nearly fan in shape. On the right bank of Kabeli River some widely cultivated land and

settlement of Thugim and Mamamkhe village are situated where as on the left bank, forest and

cultivated shrub of Cardamom can be found. The length of its main stream from the origin to

the headworks site is about 16 km and about 22 km to the powerhouse site.


50

Figure 4.1: Google Earth image of catchment area

Source: Google Earth Pro, 2077

4.1.3 Climate

The climate of this basin area is cold and Tundra type. Arid is strongly influenced by the

topographical relief. The air temperature decreases from south to north. The air temperature in

the project area ranges from about 2.6 C in winter to 26.8 C in summer. The minimum

temperature within the catchment area is recorded as 0 C. The coldest months are January and

February of a year. The monsoon rainfall occurs from the month of June to August. Snowfall

is experience typically during the cold weather of November month to March at the higher

altitudes of the catchment area.

There are no meteorological station within the catchment area. However there are a number of

meteorological station in vicinity of Kabeli basin which are installed and monitored by

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), Government of Nepal (GoN). The stations

are listed in the table and shown in figure below.

Table 4.1: Precipitation and elevation of different stations SN Station Precipitation (mm) Elevation

Annual Monsoon'

1 Taplethok 2561 1979 1383

2 Lungthung 2200 1724 1760

3 Taplejung 2003 1438 1732

4 Dovan 1616 1158 763

5 Memeng Jagat 2071 1506 1830

6 Phidim 1335 974 1205

Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076


51

4.1.4 Hydrology

The Kabeli River is one of the major tributaries of Kabeli khola. Kabeli River is a snow fed

river originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna Himalaya. The

catchment area of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project at the proposed intake is calculated

to be 162.05 square kilometer. The catchment area below of the basin below 5000 m elevation

is 161.36 km2 and below 3000 m elevation is 49.48 km2.

Figure 4.2: Catchment Area of Kabeli Khola at Proposed Intake (Feasibility Study Report of

SKKHEP, 2076)

Source: DHM, 2018

4.1.4.1 Flow Analysis

Following various methods adopted for unguaged catchment in NEPAL are applied to find the

long term mean monthly flows for Kabeli River. The methods used are Hydest, DHM_2004,

MIP, MHSP and Catchment Correlation.

A Comparison table of mean monthly flows is made between aforementioned methods so that

it would be easy to visualize the best method to be used in further analysis which is presented

in Table 4.2 and the hydrographs thus obtained are shown in Figure 4.3

Table 4.2: Comparison table for mean monthly flows Month Mean Monthly Flows, Q m3/s

HYDEST DHM-

2004

MIP MHSP CAR

mulghat

CAR majhitar

Jan 2.06 2.62 7.87 2.53 1.96 2.06

Feb 1.76 2.28 5.90 2.08 1.62 1.76

Mar 1.58 2.37 4.26 1.90 1.59 1.84


52

Month Mean Monthly Flows, Q m3/s

HYDEST DHM-

2004

MIP MHSP CAR

mulghat

CAR majhitar

Apr 1.62 2.26 3.28 2.31 2.35 2.83

May 2.16 2.98 8.52 2.63 5.18 5.17

Jun 7.33 8.42 19.67 8.32 13.76 12.59

Jul 22.48 18.05 47.53 24.51 27.20 26.02

Aug 27.09 26.77 81.95 29.32 30.17 31.00

Sep 20.75 17.61 54.08 22.90 21.51 19.12

Oct 9.14 8.90 26.22 10.78 9.94 8.27

Nov 3.96 4.55 13.44 5.20 4.45 4.05

Dec 2.59 3.19 10.16 3.36 2.72 2.68


Figure 4.3: Hydrograph of mean monthly flows from different methods


Being a major tributary and considering hydro-meteorically similar catchment, CAR method

is found to be satisfactory for the hydrological analysis of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower

Project area. Since, the Mulghat station has 46 years of data and thus considering reliability,

flow data obtained from CAR with Mulghat are adopted as mean monthly flow for further

analysis.

4.1.4.2 Flow Duration Curve Estimation

A flow duration curve is an exceedance probability discharge curve, which shows the

percentage of time a particular flow is equaled or exceeded. The correlated discharge has been

used to develop the Flow Duration Curve. The corresponding discharge at an interval of 10%

probability of exceedance is summarized on Table 4.3. The Flow Duration Curve is shown in

Figure 4.4.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Flo

w (

m3

/s)

HYDEST DHM-2004 MHSP CAR mulghat CAR majhitar


53

Table 4.3: Time Exceedence of Discharges at Dam site Time Exceedence (%) Percentile discharge (m3/s)

10 27.11

15 23.78

20 19.69

25 17.07

30 12.94

35 9.65

40 7.87

44.6 5.9

45 5.73

50 4.71

55 3.80

60 3.22

65 2.75

70 2.44

75 2.18

80 1.98

85 1.71

90 1.47

95 1.25

100 0.47


Figure 4.4: Flow Duration Curve


From the above figure, the design discharge of 5.9 m3/s has been adopted with 44.6%

probability of exceedance.

4.1.4.3 Analysis of Flood Hydrology

Following table (Table 4.4) presents the different return period floods at the intake site, the

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Pe

rce

nti

le d

isch

arge

(m

3/s

)

Time Exceedence (%)

Flow Duration Curve

Q 44.6 %= 5.9 m3/s


54

flood analysis is presented in Appendices of this report.

Table 4.4: Different return period floods at intake site, m3/s Return period HYDEST DHM-2004 MHSP Log-

Pearson

Type III

Distribution

Log Normal

Distribution

Gumbel

extreme

value

distribution

2 34 66 83 84 85

5 53 119 228 118 118 118

10 66 163 142 141 141

20 80 212 363 167 164 162

50 99 283 466 200 193 190

100 114 344 551 227 216 211

1000 169 592 922 324 295 280

10000 234 926 1458 440 381 349


Figure 4.5: Logarithmic chart of different return period floods at intake site


From the above figure and Table, it can be observed that the distribution of data based on

MSHP and DHM-2004 shows extreme values compare to other methods and is discarded due

to unrealistic data for Kabeli River. Similarly, Hydest method predict lowest values for the

return period compare to rest methods. The dependency on Log-Pearson Type III Distribution

among the rest methods will most probably lead the project to conservative and safe side.

Therefore, the design flood flow of 227 m3/s for 100 year return period is considered for the

intake site.

4.1.4.4 Low Flow

The low flow information is generally used to assess the reliability and the economics of the

proposed project. The minimum usable flow in a stream determines the value of reliable firm

power and then firm energy. Knowledge of minimum stream flow is essential also for

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

DIS

CH

AR

GE

(M

3/S

)

RETURN PERIOD (YEARS)

HYDEST DHM-2004

Log-Pearson Type III Distribution Log Normal Distribution

Gumbel extreme value distribution MHSP


55

determination of minimum water level that can goes down to the river at the intake. Further, if

the occurrence of inadequate flow is too frequent, a particular project might prove to be

uneconomic and unreliable.

Table 4.5: Low flow estimation at proposed intake using HYDEST and DHM-2004

method Return Period Day DHM-2004 HYDEST

Discharge, m3/s Discharge, m3/s

2 1 3.45 3.06

7 3.64 3.21

30 4.09 3.64

Monthly 4.29 3.85

10 1 2.42 2.08

7 2.56 2.28

30 2.97 2.71

Monthly 3.16 2.90

20 1 2.21 1.84

7 2.34 2.07

30 2.74 2.51

Monthly 2.94 2.69


4.1.4.5 Glacier Lakes

All the lakes are located above 4200 m altitude. The identified lakes are shown in Table.

According to ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site.

The list of Glacier lakes in Kabeli River Catchment is given in table below:

Table 4.6 Glacial Lake within Kabeli River Catchment

S.N. Glacial Lake Elevation (amsl) Dimension (m) Aerial distance

(km)

1 Timbu Pokhari 4330 220*450 35

2 Hadi Pokhari 4220 754*115 36

3 Sukhe Pokhari 4350 156*190 36

4 Lam Pokhari 4360 250*140 36

5 Chhahare Pokhari 4440 290*167 36

Source: KEL, 2010

4.1.4.6 Environmental flow

As the project lies in Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Guideline for the Physical

Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065 will be followed.

Therefore, as per environmental study, 10% of monthly average flow will be released as

environment flow for project.

Further water requirement for downstream aquatic ecosystem and fauna dependent on water

system is also taken into consideration. There are kholas like Rate Khola, Ghatte Khola and

Han Khola and 28 small rivulets which contribute or supplements the downstream flow and

ecosystem. According to Nepali Calendar month the Environmental flow status will be as

follow as given in table below:


56

Table 4.7: Monthly flow, Environment flow and Plant flow Month

Available Discharge

(m3/sec)

Environment flow

(m3/s) ( 10 % of monthly

average flow)

Discharge for Power

Generation (m3/s)

Jan 1.96 0.196 1.764

Feb 1.62 0.162 1.458

Mar 1.59 0.159 1.431

April 2.35 0.235 2.115

May 5.18 0.518 4.662

June 13.76 1.376 12.384

July 27.20 2.72 24.480

Aug 30.17 3.017 27.153

Sep 21.51 2.151 19.359

Oct 9.94 0.994 8.946

Nov 4.45 0.445 4.005

Dec 2.72 0.27 2.448

Source: PPA of SKKHEP, 2076 and EIA Study of 12 MW, 2076

4.1.5 Geology

The Himalayas in Nepal lie in the central part of the Himalayan arc. They cover about one third

(800 km) of the Himalayan arc. The Himalayan Range from north to south can be divided into

the following five tectonic zones (Hagen, 1969) (Figure 4.6):

Tibetan Tethys Himalaya

Southern Tibetan Detachment System

Higher Himalaya

Main Central Thrust

Lesser Himalaya

Main Boundary Thrust

Sub-Himalaya

Main Frontal Thrust

Terai Plain


57

Figure 4.6: Geological map of Nepal showing project location

Source: Modified from DMG, 1994


58

4.1.5.1 Regional Geology of project area

The project area is a basal portion of Higher Himalayan crystalline rocks just above the Main

Central Thrust (MCT) or at the lower part of the Higher Himalayas. The Higher Himalaya,

underline by highly crystalline metamorphic rocks and the overlying Tethys sediments, forms

the northern border of Nepal. The geology of the area is dominated by high grade metamorphic

rock unit containing rocks of kyanite and silimanite bearing gneisses, garnetiferous mica schist,

biotite schist, ortho-gneiss and augen gneiss, micaceous quartzite and thin bands of marbles.

The Higher Himalayan succession overlies the Lesser Himalayan succession along the MCT.

The main difference between them is in their lithosratigraphy. The Higher Himalayan rocks

are medium to high grade metamorphic rocks such as sillimanite gneisses, kayanite schist and

gneisses, augen and banded gneisses. The Lesser Himalayan succession contains essentially

phyllites, quartzite, granetiferous schist, graphitic schist, and marble (Figure 4.7).

Figure 4.7: Regional Geological Map



59

4.1.5.1 Geology of Project Site

Geologically, project area lies in the Higher Himalayan succession. The main lithology of the

project area is banded gneiss, gneiss, micaceous gneiss, schist and garnetiferous schist. The

banded gneisses are fresh to moderately weathered whereas the mica gneiss is moderately to

highly weathered. The overall rock mass condition of the project area is fair to good which is

massive to foliated, slightly fractured to highly fractured and intercalation with quartzite and

schist. The mica schist is intercalated in thin bands within relatively fresher and stronger mica

gneiss. In some locations folding and shearing is quite significant along the surface slope.

Minor old slides can be observed along the both bank. Left bank is discarded from waterway

due to longer length as compare to right bank and there is no good space for construction of

powerhouse in the left bank.

4.1.5.1.1 Headworks Area

Diversion Weir and intake

The headworks site is selected considering the favorable location available in the area from

various aspects like foundation across the weir axis, stability of slope and sediment deposit

pattern. The proposed weir location is at an elevation of about 1703 m and the river is about 60

m wide. The proposed weir lies in the river channel comprising large boulder of gneiss. The

proposed intake and diversion weir lies in the alluvial deposit.

Gravel Trap, Approach Canal and settling basin

The gravel trap, Approach canal and settling basin lie in the recent alluvial deposit of the Kabeli

Khola covered with colluvial deposit in the hill side. The alluvial deposit consists of rounded

to subrouned boulder, coble and pebble of banded gneiss, augen gneisses and quartzite.

Colluvium deposit is heterogeneous soil covering the bed rock all around the mountain slope

by slope debris flow, landslide and slope accumulation by land dynamics. Colluvium deposits

are found at most part of the project area. It comprises of angular big boulder, gravel and sandy

silty clay matrix.

4.1.5.1.2 Waterway

First section of waterway alignment comprises of headrace pipe passing through colluvial

deposit however in certain section bed rock, alluvial deposit in the kholsi and residual deposit

are never avoided. Colluvium deposit is heterogeneous soil covering the bed rock all around

the mountain slope by slope debris flow, landslide and slope accumulation by land dynamics.

Colluvium deposits are found at most part of the alignment. It comprises of angular big boulder,

gravel and sandy silty clay matrix. Colluvium is light grey-to grey green colour and contains

about 45 percentage coarse materials and 55 percentage fine materials. Shape of the materials

is angular to sub-angular. A fine material contains sandy silty clay and it is considered as

heterogeneous soil.

4.1.5.1.3 Surge shaft and Ventilation Tunnel

The surge shaft and ventilation tunnel will be located on massive rock mass of banded gneiss

and thin layer of schist intercalated with weak thin bands of micaceous gneiss. The rock is

slightly weathered, massive to medium foliated having three sets of rough and irregular,

undulating, tight to moderately open joints ( including foliation plane) with medium to high

persistency filled with silt.


60

4.1.5.1.4 Penstock Alignment

The geology of penstock alignment is quite similar to that of the headrace alignment. The entire

length of the pipe is characterized by rock mass covered with thin sheet of colluvial soil. The

exposed rock type is banded gneiss and thin layer of schist intercalated with weak thin bands

of micaceous gneiss. The rock is slightly weathered, massive to medium foliated having three

sets of rough and irregular, undulating, tight to moderately open joints ( including foliation

plane) with medium to high persistency filled with silt.

4.1.5.1.5 Powerhouse Area and Tailrace

The powerhouse has been proposed approximately 130 m upstream from the confluence Kabeli

Khola and small kholsi at right bank. The proposed location lies approximately 5m above the

present river bed and is occupied by coarse grained soil of alluvial origin made of boulders,

sand and silt. It comprises mainly rounded to sub-rounded big boulder, rounded boulder, pebble

cobble, coarse gravel and silt of light grey colored.

4.1.5.2 Seismicity of the project area

The project area falls in Nepal Seimic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic risk. A design

horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10.

The recommended seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE),

based on more detailed seismic risk analyses, for other major hydropower projects in Nepal, all

appear to be 50-100% greater than the seismic coefficient evaluated by the Nepalese Building

code standard. For example, based on a detailed study, the recommended OBE for the Super

Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15 g – 0.16 g.


61

Figure 4.8: Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map showing project area

Source: DMG, National Seismological center, Lainchaur and Retrived on 2019


62

Figure 4.9: Epicenter map of Nepal



63

4.1.6 Soil Type

The soil in the headworks area mostly consists of silty sand with more percentage of silts and

some organic matter. Soil depth may vary place to place and point to point; however, the

estimated soil depth in the area is bout 5-15 meter. In powerhouse, soil is mostly silty-clay with

less contribution of sand and with little organic matters. The area is suitable for cultivation.

The soil is dominated by sand where the depth of soil is expected to be 10 meter. However, in

the some section deep clayey-silt with organic matter has been observed.

4.1.7 Air Quality

The Baseline data for air quality of the project site was instrumentally monitored and was found

to be as follows.

Date Received: 2018 December 16

Sample: Particulate Matter

Client: Super Kabeli Hydropower Project

Location: Yamfudin village

Sampling Point: Camp

Starting Time: 8:40 A.M.

Ending Time: 8:40 P.M.

Monitoring Duration: 1440 minutes

Monitoring Instrument: Low Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type)

Flow Rate: 29.38/min

Total Air Volume: 42.752m3

Table 4.8: Measurement of Air Quality Parameter Time Concentration Units

TSP 24 hr 30 µg/m3

PM10 24 hr 6 µg/m3

Sulfur dioxide 24 hr 7 µg/m3

Nitrogen Dioxide 24 hr 11 µg/m3

Carbon Monoxide 8 hr 300 µg/m3

PM2.5 24 hr 4 µg/m3

Source: EIA Field Study, 2076

From above table it is found that the air pollution level is slightly higher with particulate matter,

which is due to existing rural road construction by the rural municipality. The project area is

devoid of industrial activities potential to generate air, noise and water pollution.

4.1.8 Water Quality

The surface water in the project area is relatively clear in the dry season. An analysis of water

samples from Kabeli Khola at weir and Powerhouse site shows the quality of water to be

suitable for source to the drinking water supply. The heavy metal concentration is very low and

within the threshold of WHO guideline value or the National Drinking Quality Standards. The

results were compared with standards given in Table 9.2.


64

Table 4.9: Result of Water Quality Analysis S. N. Parameters Test Methods Headworks

Powerhouse

1 pH at 14oC pH Meter 6.9 7.2

2 Turbidity Nepjelometer 2 3

3 Total hardness as CaCo3

(mg/l)

EDTA Titration 26 28

4 Total Dissolved Solids

(mg/l)

Gravimetric 12 14

5 Total Suspended Solids,

(mg/l)

Gravimetric 1 <1

6 Fluorides, (mg/l) SPAND <0.05 <0.05

7 Chloride (mg/l) Argentometric

Titration

2.8 2.9

8 Hydrogen Sulphide (mg/l) Iodometric Titration N.D. (<0.01) N.D. (<0.01)

9 Total Phosphate (mg/l) Ascorbic Acid 0.018 0.020

10 Arsenic, (mg/l) Hydride Generation N.D. <0.005) N.D. <0.005)

11 Nitrite (mg/l) NEDA N.D.(<0.02) N.D.(<0.02)

12 Calcium (mg/l) EDTA Titration 15.5 16.5

13 Magnesium (mg/l)

Erichrome Cynanine

9.5 11.5

14 Aluminum (mg/l)

AAS

0.023 0.021

15 Iron (mg/lt) 0.12 0.13

16 Manganese (mg/l) AAS N.D.(<0.02) N.D.(<0.02)

17 Lead, (mg/l) AAS N.D.(<0.01) N.D.(<0.01)

18 Cadmium, (mg/) N.D.(<0.003) N.D.(<0.003)

19 Copper, (mg/l) N.D.(<0.01) N.D.(<0.01)

20 Zinc, (mg/l) 0.02 0.03

Source: Field Survey and Laboratory analysis, 2076

4.1.9 Noise Level

The project area is located in a rural setting without industrial establishment. The level of noise

and vibrations in the project area seems not to exceed the sound quality standards at present.

However, noise produced during construction activities in surge shaft, powerhouse area and

facilities may be perceived in the nearby settlements. The noise level (average value) recorded

at different places is given below in the Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Value of Recorded Sound level (Leq) S. N. Location Sound level (Leq dBA)

Morning Noon Evening

1 Headworks 68.2 67.6 70.3

2 Headrace tunnel 64.2 60.3 61.4

3 Surge shaft 60.2 60.5 60.1

4 Penstock pipe 58.4 62.4 62.3

5 Powerhouse 65.6 66.5 70.6

Source: EIA Field Study, 2076

The recorded sound levels were higher than the value for rural residential area of National

Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012 i.e. 45 dBA and 40 dBA during day and night


65

respectively. The higher level of sound in the headworks and powerhouse area is due to the

sound of flowing water.

4.1.10 Existing Solid Waste Management in the Project area

No specific solid waste management system was observed in the project area. The nature solid

waste in the nearby settlement area is household type of solid waste. Organic wastes were found

dumped together with livestock dung in the area which made specific for decomposition of

livestock dung. The extent and type of solid waste that is expected from the project to be

generated during construction phase will not be compatible with the solid waste from the

affected area. A separate provision for the generated solid waste from the construction work

force is necessary. Open burning will be strictly banned in the camp area. Organic waste will

be used in composting. Recyclable and reusable waste like plastics and metals will be sold to

the nearby scarp collection shops.

4.1.11 Land Use

The KCA consists of 41.2 % rocks, 22.8% ice/snow fed rivers, 16.1% forests, 10% shrubs,

9.3% grassland, 0.5% agricultural land and remaining 0.1% lakes/landslide areas (KCA

Management Plan, 2070).

Land use of Taplejung district is mostly dominated by forest area. Secondary data on the land

use of Taplejung district verses land use of core project area was analyzed based on both

secondary data and the land use pattern of core project area, both based on topographical map

area calculation and field verification.

The land use pattern of project district in comparison with project site is shown in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11: Land use pattern of Taplejung district S.

N

Land use pattern Taplejung District Project Area

Total Area in

hectare

Percent

(%)

Total Area in

hectare

Percent

(%)

1 Forest Area 112256 30.73 1.83 17.22

2 Shrub 56362 15.43 0.00

3 Agricultural

land/grassland

70946 19.42 8.3 78.08

4 Water bodies 405 0.11 0.5 4.70

5 Barren land 37757 10.33 0.00

6 Snow 60115 16.45 0.00

7 Others 27496 7.53 0.00

Total 365337 100 10.63 100.00

Source: Environmental Statistics, 2019


66


The project area belongs to sub-tropical climatic zone. The altitude of the project site varies

from 1703 to 1444 m from mean seal level. The proposed project is located in Kanchanjunga

Conservation Area, which is under the management of National Trust for Nature Conservation.

The head works of the project lies inside the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), while

the powerhouse area is out of the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area. The main tree species

found in the project area Aaru (Prunus persica), Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Asare

(Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum),

Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun

(Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis (Leucoseptrum canum), Guras (Rhododendron arboreum),

Jhingane (Eurya acuminata), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo (Wendlandia puberlua), Katus

(Castanopsis tribuloides), Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath (Swidaob longaa), Malato

(Macaranga pustulata), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo

(Prunus corasoides), Putta (Brassasopsis mitis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Siris (Albizia sp.),

Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum) and Utis (Alnus nepalensis).

4.2.1 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA)

The then His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG-N) first declared the KCA as a ‘Gift to

the Earth’ in support of the World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s (WWF’s) Living Planet

Campaign and officially conferred Conservation Area status on 21 July 1997. The first gazetted

area of 1,650 km2 was expanded to 2,035 km2 in 1998 in order to facilitate community-based

management of natural resources (WWF NP 1999). The KCA lies in the northeast corner of

Nepal at 270-280 N and 870-880 E. The altitude ranges from 1,200 m to 8,586 m and consists

of 11 mountain peaks towering over 7,000 m, thus dominating the entire landscape. The KCA

consists of 41.2 % rocks, 22.8% ice/snow fed rivers, 16.1% forests, 10% shrubs, 9.3%

grassland, 0.5% agricultural land and remaining 0.1% lakes/landslide areas (KCA Management

Plan, 2070).

The whole basin area lies in the Kanchenjunga Conservation area. Similarly, Kanchenjunga

Landscape (KL) is one of the six trans-boundary landscapes identified by the International

Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH)

region for research and investigations. The Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is known

for its rich biodiversity, its spectacular scenery of world's third highest peak Mt.

Kanchenjunga(8,586 m), and rich cultural heritage represented by inhabitants of Lelep (ward

6 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality), Olangchungola (ward 7 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality),

Tapethok (ward 5 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality) and Yamphudin (ward 8 of Shirijungha

Rural Municipality). The KCA is a ‘biodiversity hotspot’ (WWF/ICIMOD 2001) that harbors

844 species of plants, 253 species of birds, 83 species of insects and 22 species of mammals

(KCA-MC 2005).

The area is home to a number of endangered species such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red

panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer

(Moschus chrysogaster). A total of 16 medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are actively

traded out of the identified 139 species (Oli& Nepal 2003).The common bird species in local

area, grazing land, cultivated land and riverine area include Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos),


67

cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), red billed blue whistling thrush (Myophonus caeruleus), magpie

(Gymnorhina tibicen), bulbuls (Pycnonotus barbatus), crow (Corvus sps), black drongo

(Dicrurus macrocercus), woodpecker family, spiny babblers (Turdoides nipalensis), owls

family, swallow (Family Hirundinidae) and sparrow (Passer domesticus) (KCA-MC 2005).

Snow leopard is one of the most important wildlife species found in the Kanchanjunga area, as

it is endangered as well as susceptible species.


68

Figure 4.10 : Figure showing project location in map of protected area of Nepal

Source: Modified from DNPWC, 2019


69

Figure 4.11: Project area on map of KCA

Source: Modified from DNPWC, 2019


70

4.2.2 Vegetation and plant species

The project area has a range of subtropical vegetation. The altitude of the project site varies

from 1703 m to 1444 maml. Subtropical vegetation (1000 m – 2000 m) comprises of moist

broadleaved mixed forests of Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), etc.

In the temperate zone (2000 m – 3000 m), there are moist broadleaved forests of oak/laurel

dominated by Thulo Phalant (Quercus lamellosa), Phalant (Quercus glauca), Khasru (Quercus

semecarpifolia) forests and mixed broadleaved/coniferous forests of Khasru (Quercus

semecarpifolia), Thingre salla (Tsuga dumosa), Gobre salla (Pinus wallichiana),Guras

(Rhododendron arboreum), etc. (MoFSC, 2002).

The forests that make out most of the land in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area are

comprised of various plant species including deciduous oaks like Khasru (Quercus

semecarpifolia), Guras (Rhododendron arboreum), maples (Acer laurinum), laurels (Laurus

lauraceae), birches, firs, magnolias, junipers, etc. (Source: KCA Management Plan, 2070).

Ground vegetation varies considerably and consists of number of species of shrubs, herbs,

grasses, climbers and epiphytes. The shrub vegetation consist of plant species including Arare

(Acacia pennata), Archal (Antidesma diandrum), Boksi ghans (Mimosa rubicaulis), Simali

(Vitex negundo), Dhobini (Mussaenda frondosa), Dhursul (Solanum verbascifolium), Kurilo

(Asparagus racemosus), Sisno (Urtica dioica), Titepati (Artemesia vulgaris), Banmara

(Eupatorium adenophorum) and Salaha (Tamarix indica). The herbaceous vegetation consists

of variety of species including Ghodtapre (Centella asiatica), Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides),

Dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Banko (Arisaema flavum), Chariamilo (Oxalis corniculata), Buki

(Sambucus sps), Kuro (Urena lobata).

Some common climber species include Debrelaharo (Spatholobus parviflora) and Padari

(Paederia foetida). Ainjaru (Dendropthoe falcata) is the parasitic species recorded in the area.

Plant species with traditional medicinal value include Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Uneu

(Dryopteris filixmas) and Kurilo (Asparagus racemosus) etc. different species of ferns

observed and recorded in the study area include Dicranopteris linearis, Aglaomorpha

coronans, Kangiyo sottar (Onychium siliculosum) and Christella arida. Different species of

epiphytic Orchids (sunakhari) are also available. Some of the orchids found are Himalayan

Grass-Leaf Orchid (Agrostophyllum callosum), Venus fan (Bulbophyllum rolfei),

Bulbophyllum Scabratum, Calanthe Griffithii, Coral Beak Orchid (Goodyera folisa), rein

orchids (Habenaria pantlingiana), Twayblade (Neottia Mucronata), Richards Peristylus

(Peristylus Richardianus), Tiny Tainia (Tainia minor).

The detail list of vegetation at different sites of the project area is given Annex XI.

4.2.2.1 Intake area

The proposed intake sites are mainly composed of trees of Utis (Alnus nepalensis). Some of

Alnus nepalensis species are newly colonized species The proposed intake sites are mainly

composed of trees of Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Asare (Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo

(Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum), Chilaune(Schima wallichii), Chutro

(Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis

(Leucoseptrum canum), Guras (Rhododendron ferrugineum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminate),

Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo (Wendlandia puberlua), katus (Castanopsis tribuloides),


71

Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath (swidaob longaa), Malato (macaranga pustulata), Mauwa

(Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta

(Brassasopsis mitis), siris (Albizia chinensis),Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum), Utis (Alnus

nepalensis) .

Among the shrubs and herbs include Malingo (Thamnocalamus spathiflorus), Khareto

(Phyllanthus sp.), Ainselu (Rubus ellipticus), Sisnu (Urtica dioica), Bhogate (Maesa

macrophylla), Lajjavati (Mimosa pudica), Kan pate (Inula cappa), Gargalo (Boehmeria

platyphylla), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Khar (Themeda triandra), Pani amala

(Nephrolepis cordifolia), Amriso (Thysanolaena maxima), Artemisia dubia, Baviyo

(Eulaliopsis binate), Arthunge (Heteropogon contortus), Imperata cylindrica, Heteropogon

contortus, Seto dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Pogonatherum spp. and different species of bamboo

(Dendrocalamus spp.). Newly colonized patches of Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) are observed on

recently deposited soils.

4.2.2.2 Headrace pipe

There is no tree species in the headrace pipe alignment. Especially, grass and shrub species are

found in this area. The shrub vegetation consist of Sisno (Urtica dioica), Titepati (Artemesia

vulgaris), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Simali (Vitex negundo), Dhobini (Mussaenda

frondosa), Dhursul (Solanum verbascifolium), etc. The herbaceous vegetation consists of

variety of species including Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides), Dubo (Cynodon dactylon),

Chariamilo (Oxalis corniculata), Ghodtapre (Centella asiatica) etc. Some common climber

species include Debrelaharo (Spatholobus parviflora) and Padari (Paederia foetida).

4.2.2.3 Penstock Pipe

The vegetation of Penstock Pipe area is composed of trees like Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia),

Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum), Chilaune (Schima wallichii),

Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis

(Leucoseptrum canum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminate), Latto Kath (Swidaob longaa),Malato

(Macaranga pustulata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta

(Brassasopsis mitis), Siris (Albizia chinensis), Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum), Utis (Alnus

nepalensis).

4.2.2.4 Powerhouse

The vegetation of powerhouse area composed of Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum),

Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Utis (Alnus nepalensis) etc.

4.2.2.5 Project Road

The vegetation diversity along the access road also matches along with the diversity found

along the headrace alignment. The vegetation diversity along the access road also matches

along with the diversity found along the headrace alignment. Aaru (prunus persica), Dhudilo

(Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Latto Kath (swidaob longaa), Mauwa

(Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Utis (Alnus

nepalensis) are the main tree species along the road alignment.


72

Table 4.12: Recorded tree species from project region S. N Common Name Scientific Name Conservation significance

IUCN CITES NPWC act

1 Aaru Prunus persica LC - -

2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia LC - -

3 Asare Lagerstroomia reginae LC - -

4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica LC - -

5 Bhalayo Semecarpus

anacardicum

LC - -

6 Chilaune Schima wallichii LC - -

7 Chutro Berberis aristata LC - -

8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia LC - -

9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis LC - -

10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum LC - -

11 Guras Rhododendron

ferrugineum

LC - -

12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata LC - -

13 Kafal Myrica esculenta LC - -

14 Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua LC - -

15 katus Castanopsis tribuloides LC - -

16 Khanyoo Ficus camia LC - -

17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa LC - -

18 Malato Macaranga pustulata LC - -

19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata LC - -

20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii LC - -

21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides LC - -

22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis LC - -

23 Salla Pinus roxburghii LC - -

24 siris Albizia chinensis LC - -

25 Timur Zanthoxylium armatum LC - -

Utis

Source: EIA field, 2019

(NPWC Act-I- Banned for collection, use, sale, distribution, transportation and export

III- Banned for harvest, transportation and export for commercial purpose)

Table 4.13: Different herbs and shrubs found in project area S. N Common Name Scientific Name

1 Aankh Calotropis gigantea

2 Ainjaru Dendropthe falcata

3 Akhne Rubus ellipticus


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S. N Common Name Scientific Name

4 Alaichi Amomum sublatum

5 Allo Girardiana diversifolia

6 Archal Antidesma diandrum

7 Ban Kane Commelina benghalensis

8 Ban Nalu Abelmoschus manihot

9 Banko Arisaema flavum

10 Banmara Euptorium adenophorum

11 Beklauri Costus speciosus

12 Bhatwasi Flemingia macrophylla

13 Bhorla Bauhinia vahlii

14 Bikhama Aconitum bikhma

15 Bimira Citrus medica

16 Bisma Aconitum ferox

17 Chariamilo Oxallis corniculata

18 Chiraito Swetia chirayita

19 Chutro Berberies aristata

20 Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus

21 Debrelaharo Spatholobus parviflora

22 Dhakekada Cirsium verutum

23 Dhaturo Datura stramonium

24 Dhobini Mussaendafrondosa

25 Dhupi Juniperus indica

26 Dhursul Solanumverbascifolium

27 Dhusure Colebrookea oppositifolia

28 Dubo Cynodon dactylon

29 Gandhe Ageratum conyzoides

30 Ganja Cannabis sativa

31 Ghodtapre Centella asiatica

32 Gobhi Elephantopus scaber

33 Jhyau Lichen sp

34 Juge laharo Clematis sp

35 Kharseto Ficus hispida

36 Kurilo Asparagus racemosus

37 Kuro Urena labota

38 Kutki Picrorhiza kurroa

39 Lokta Daphne bholua


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S. N Common Name Scientific Name

40 Malingo Bambusa nutans

41 Padari Paederia foetida

42 Pangra Entada phaseoloides

43 Salaha Tamarix indica

44 Seto Bikhma Aconitum palmatum

45 Sisnu Urtica dioica

46 Sungava Dendrobium densiflorum

47 Tarul Dioscorea alata

48 Titepati Artemesia vulgaris

49 Totala Oroxylum indicum

50 Uneu Dryopteris filixmas

Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077

4.2.3 Non Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plant

The project area is rich in the diversity of medicinal plants. Important medicinal herbs growing

in the high hills are chiraito (Swertia angustifolia), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Cardamom

(Amomum sublatum), Paashanabed (Bergenia ciliata), budookhati (Astibleri vularis), khokim

(Bergenia purpurascens), Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and seto bikhma (Aconitum

palmatum).

Non Timber Forest Products are the important livelihood options for people of KCA. Some of

NTFPs are described in table below:

Table 4.14: NTFPs and Medicinal Plants that are expected to be cleared from project

site S.

N

Nepali/

Local

name

English

name

Scientific

name

Parts used Uses

1 Lokta Daphne

bholua

Leaves It yields good quality paper.

2 Cardamom Amomum

subulatum

Seeds Powder of seeds

3 Okhar Juglans

regia

Seeds Seeds are edible

4 Tulsi Scred basil Ocimum

tenuiflorum

Leaf, Whole

plants

Juice of plant is used in fever earache

and infection, cough, sores of moth and

fever.

5 Titepati Mugwort Artemisia

dubia

Whole plants It is used for stomachic, purgative,

hysteria asthma, skin disease like scabies

& on ulcers.

6 Sisnu Stinging

nettle

Urtica

dioica

Root and

shoots

Juice or decoction of root and shoot is

used to cure for anemia, to purify blood

and for tonic.

7 Lunde Spiny

Amaranthus

Amaranthus

viridis

Root Juice of root is used to cure of

pneumonia of children. It is also used for

colic pain and leucorrhoea.

8 Kimbu

khaphal

Mulberry Morus alba Fruit, Bark Fruits are eaten to kill thirst and bark

decoction is used in fever.

9 Kalonyuro Fern Dryoathyriu

m boryanum

Tendril

shoots

It is used for headache, fever and

stomachic disorders.


75

S.

N

Nepali/

Local

name

English

name

Scientific

name

Parts used Uses

10 Githa Air potato Dioscorea

bulbifera

Bulb Small pieces are boiled and applied to

kill of stomachic worms. For this

purpose, the people eat it in each year

(May-June).

11 Dansinki Maiden hair

fern

Adiantum

venustum D

Whole plant Juice is used to cure of abdominal

disorder, cough and scorpion stings.

12 Gandhe

jhar

goat weed Ageratum

gonyzoides

Whole plant Pest used for cuts and wounds. It is also

used to cure for wounds between two

toes caused by muddy soil in the rainy

season.

13 Chuttro Barberry Berberis

aristata

Root bark Juice or decoction is used for jaundice,

diarrhea, and fever and eye infection.

14 Chiraito,

Lektite

Chiretta Swertia

chirayita

Whole plants Decoction of plants is used to cure of

fever, typhoid, wounds, cuts, diabetes.

15 Bhyakur,

Kukur

Tarul

Deltiod yam Dioscorea

deltoidea

Tuberous

rootstock

Juice is used to control pregnant.

16 Bhui

kaphal,

Sarpa

kaphal

Strawberry Fragaria

nubicola

Leaves,

Flower, Fruit

Juice is used to control excessive

bleeding during menstruation, cough and

cold. It is also used in nerve and to

remove fluid from the lungs.

17 Akash jeli Dodder Cucuta

reflexa

Whole plants Juice of fresh plant or the decoction is

mixed with Ghodtapre and kurkure that

given to the patients of jaundice and

fever.

18 Ainselu Golden

evergreen

raspberry

Rubus

ellipticus

Fruits, roots,

shoot.

Shoot paste is used in snake's bites. Root

juice for fever & fruit for appetite.

19 Aijeru,

Liso

Strap flower Loranthus

falcatus

Bark, fruits Juice of bark is used in wounds,

menstrual troubles, asthma and paralysis.

20 Abijalo Lightning

weed

Dymaria

diandra

Whole plants Juice of plants is used to cure for

stomachic disorder and sinuses.

21 Nagbeli Lycopodium

clavatum

Pollen treating upset stomachs, food poisoning,

kidney problems, and muscle cramps

22 Tejpat Indian

Cassia

Cinnamomu

m tamala

Barks and

Leaves

The leaf is mainly used for flavouring

food. Pharmaceutical preparations and

hypoglycemic, stimulant and carminative

properties.

It is also used in Indian system of

traditional medicines


4.2.4 Agro-forestry of the Area

Agricultural crops grown in the village settlements include Makai (Zea mays), Gahun (Triricum

aestivum), Phapar (Fagopyrum esculentum), Gahat (Dolichos biflorus), Maas (Phaseolus

mungo), Kerau (Pisum sativum), Bodi (Vigna sinensis), Ghiraula (Luffa cylindrica), Chichindo

(Trichosanthes dioca), Kankro (Cucumis sativum), Tite Karela (Momordica charantia),

Bhanta (Solanum melongena), Rayo ko Sag (Brassica juncea), Aloo (Solanum tuberosum),

Banda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Kauli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytes), Simi

(Phaseolus vulgaris), Golbhenda (Lycopersicon esculentum), Pyaj (Allium cepa), Lasun

(Allium sativum), Aduwa (Zinziber officinale), Ukhu (Saccharum officinarum), Besar

(Curcuma domestica), etc. Simialarly horticultural plants of the area include Kera (Musa

paradisica), Aru (Prunus domestica), Naspati (Pyrus communis), Kagati (Citrus acida),


76

Nibuwa (Citrus limon), Suntala (Citrus reticulata), Amba (Psidium guajava), Kimbu (Morus

alba), etc.

4.2.5 Wildlife

The forest in the project areas is stated to provide good habitats for diverse kinds of wildlife by

the people of the project development site. During field observations and consultations,

incidences of human wildlife conflicts was not recorded in project area. Some of the common

wild animals reported in the area are described below:

4.2.5.1 Mammals

Some of the common mammalian species reported from the region are: Red Giant Flying

Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), Himalayan Striped Squirrel (Tamiops macclellandi), House

Rat (Rattus rattus), Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), Jungle Cat (Felis chau), Leopard

Cat (Prionailusus bengalensis), Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), Golden

Jackal (Canis aureus), Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), Rhesus Macaque (Macaca

mulatta), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Common Goral (Naemorhedus goral), etc. The

project region is the habitat for three rare mammals, Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus),

Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens).

The major mammal species and their status of occurrence are presented in Table 4.15 below:

Table 4.15: List of mammals in project area S.

N.

Common

Name

Scientific Name Status of Occurrence CITES

Appendi

x

IUCN

Red

List

NPWC act

C S R

1 Red Panda Ailurus fulgens I EN Protected

2 Asian Black

Bear

Ursus thibetanus I Vu Protected

3 Snow leopard Panthera uncia I Vu Protected

4 Red Giant

Flying

Squirrel

Petaurista petaurista II LC

5 Himalayan

Striped

Squirrel

Tamiops

macclellandi

LC

6 House Rat Rattus rattus LC

7 Malayan

Porcupine

Hystrix brachyura

8 Jungle Cat Felis chaus LC

9 Leopard cat Prionailurus

bengalensis

II LC Protected

10 Small Indian

Mongoose

Herpestes

auropunctatus

III LC

11 Golden Jackal Canis aureus III LC

12 Yellow-

throated

Marten

Martes flavigula III LC

14 Asian House

Shrew

Suncus murinus LC


77

S.

N.

Common

Name

Scientific Name Status of Occurrence CITES

Appendi

x

IUCN

Red

List

NPWC act

C S R

15 Rhesus

macaque

Macaca mulatta II LC

16 Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak I LC

17 Common

Ghoral

Naemorhedus goral I NT


C: Common, S: Sparse, R: Rare

*** None of them were verified via direct observation of study team.

IUCN: LC: Least Concerned, Vu: Vulnerable, NR: Near Threatened, EN: Endangered

Cites: I: Appendices I, II: Appendices II, III: Appendices III

NPWC act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation act.

4.2.5.2 Birds

In the project area 16 species of birds were recorded (Table 4.16). Of them 10 were sighted and

the occurrences of the rest were informed by the local people. None of the birds recorded fall

under endangered species.

Table 4.16: Bird Species recorded along the project area S.

N

Common Names Local Names

Scientific Names CITES

Appendix

IUCN

Redbook

NP

WC

act

1 Kalij Pheasant Kalij Lophura

leucomelanos

III LC -

2 Rock Pigeon Malewa Columba livia - LC -

3 Oriental Turtle Dove Dhukur Streptopelia

orientalis

- LC -

4 Orange-breasted Green

Pigeon

Parewa Treron bicincta - LC -

5 Large-billed Crow Kaag Corvus

macrorhynchos

- LC -

6 Long-tailed Minivet Lampuchre

Ranichari

Pericrocotus

ethologus

- LC -

7 Himalayan Bulbul Jureli Pycnonotus

leucogenys

- LC -

8 Grey-sided Bush Warbler Fisto Cettia brunnifrons - LC -

9 House Sparrow Bhagera Passer domesticus - LC -







Note: None of these birds are enlisted in GoN protected Species, IUCN Threatened categories,

and CITES Appendices.

Further studies are required to verify the reported species and their habitat conditions within


78

the project area to reveal the project impacts on the avian species and their habitats.

4.2.5.3 Herpatofauna

Some of the common reptiles reported from the project area include Asiatic rat snake

(Ptyasmucosa); Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus); White-lipped pit viper

(Trimeresurus albolabris); Kramer's pit viper (Trimeresurus septentrionalis), Sikkim skink

(Asymblepharus sikimmensis).

Further, some of the common amphibians reported by the people of the KCA includes Common

Asian toad (Bufo melanostictus); Meghalaya stream frog (Amolops marmoratus); skittering

frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis).

Table 4.17: Herpeto-fauna of the Project Region S.

N.

Nepali Name Local Name Scientific

Name

Status of

Occurrence

IUCN CITES NPWC

act

C S R

1. Khasre

Bhaguta

Black-spined

Toad/ Common

Asian Toad

Duttaphrynus

melanostictus LC

2. Hariyo Paha Beautiful stream

frog/Assam

cascade frog

Amolops

formosus

LC

3. Sano Paha Langtang frog,

Polunin’s paa

frog

Nanorana

polunini

LC

4. Cheparo Common

Garden Lizard

Calotes

versicolor

-

5. Pathhar

chatuwa

Himalayan rock

lizard

Laudakia

tuberculata -

6. Hariyo

Cheparo

Three-keeled

mountain lizard

Japalura

tricarinata

LC

7. Mausuli Brook’s house

gecko

Hemidactylus

brookii

-

8. Bhanumungre Sikkim

skink/Bronzy-

brown skink

Asymblepharus

sikkimensis

-

9. Chankhe

Sarpa

Mountain

keelback/Asiatic

keelback

Amphiesma

platyceps

-

10. Pani Sarpa St. John’s

keelback water

snake

Xenochrophis

sancti johannis

-






Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077, KCA, 2017, IUCN redlist.org, CITES.org

4.2.5.4 Aquatic Life

As reported by locals, the common fish species found in Kabeli khola especially in plain river

are Tite (Psilorhynchoides pseudecheneis) followed by Katle (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis)

and Buduna (Garra annandalei), Faketa (Barilius sacra), Faketa (Barilius bendelisis), Faketa

(Barilius barila), Chuche Asala (Schizothorax labiatus), Chuche Asala (S. progastus), Buche

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/58434/0

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/58434/0


79

Asala (S. richardsonii), etc. But during fish sampling by the EIA team, no fish were caught in

the hand cash net which may be due to the gradient of river along the project area.

Type of fish, their characteristics, habits and environmental behavior in SKKHP as reported by

locals are given below;

The maximum size of fish likely to migrate upstream are 5 cm to 15 cm

(considerable small size).

Fish are mainly short range to medium range migratory.

Maximum number of fish passing per hour during peak migration is negligible (the

occurrence of fish are very few).

Fish species of Kabeli khola area has tabulated in table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Fish Species of Project Area S.

N.

Local

Name

Scientific Name Source of

Information

Migratory

status

Conservation Significance

IUCN CITES NPWC

act

1 Tite Psilorhynchus

pseudecheneis

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

LC

2 Buchhe

Asala,

Dumke

Schizothorax

plagiostomus

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

NE

3 Chuchhe

asala

Schizothorax

richardsonii

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

VU

4 Chuchhe

asala

Schizothorax

labiatus

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

NE

5 Katle Neolissichelus

hexagonolepis

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Seasonal

Migratory

NT

6 Buduna Garra

annandalei

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Residential LC

7 Faketa Barilius

bendelisis

Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

LC

8 Chahale Barilius barila Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

LC

9 Faketa Barilius sacra Reported (Local

Fisherman)

Mid-range

Migratory

LC







4.2.6 Forest Resources and Management

The project area lies in KCA located in Taplejung District, of the Province 1 of Nepal. Each

Village is assigned to carry out the responsibilities to manage, utilize and protect all the natural

resources within the respective wards. The local conservation management committee carries

out the forest area management. Most of the project structures will be constructed on forest


80

managed by KCA. During the meeting and interaction with local people and KCA staffs, it was

revealed that the status of local forest is gradually getting better after the management

responsibility was taken by KCA. After the establishment of KCA, the management authority

has been handed over to NTNC. Of the total area of 3,646 sq km of the district, around 38.5%

(1,397.61 sq km) is covered by forest (DFO, 2009). Taplejung district has developed a

community forest network and out of the total forest area, 5041.97 ha (5.51% of the total forest

area) has been handed over to 93 Community Forest User Groups (CFUG) that covers 6,244

households (HHs) corresponding to 30.29% of the total households of the districts (Monitoring

and Evaluation Analysis Report of Community Forest, 067/068). The project site at the river

bed has a lower altitude; but the surrounding areas and upper watershed has large altitude

variation

Forest areas in the project area are mainly private (very few registered) and KCA managed

forest. The forest nearby powerhouse area includes both private and government owned forest

where as in rest of the project components, it is mainly KCA managed. In addition, forest along

the tunnel alignment of project area is predominantly occupied by the agricultural land and

some fragmented forest patches under both KCA and private forest.

The headworks part lies within KCA. There is sparse settlement with few houses (less than 10

houses) near powerhouse area. So, human impacts in the forest within project area are is very

low. However, open spaces in forest area are extensively used for grazing of cattle. Tree felling

for timber and other purposes is very restricted and monitored by local Conservation

Community Forest User Groups. People use their trees in private land for timber and other

proposes.


4.3.1 Project Affected district

4.3.1.1 Demography

The project district Taplejung falls under mountain region of Nepal. According to the national

census, 2011, the total population of Taplejung district is 127461 where 60552 are and 66909

are female with 90.50 sex ratio. There are 26509 households with family size 4.81 in the

district. Demography details of affected district are as follows:

Table 4.19: Demography of Taplejung district Districts HHs Total

Population

Male Female HH Size Sex Ratio

Taplejung 26,509 127,461 60,552 66,909 4.81 90.5

% 48 52

Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011

4.3.2 Project affected Rural Municipality

4.3.2.1 Settlement, Population, and Households

The project area covers Sirijungha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8 of Taplejung district.


Rural Municipality is 15,806 with male 7,482 and female 8,324. Similarly, the total households

in the project-affected Rural Municipality are 3,227. Population and HHs detail of project

Municipality are shown in table below:


81

Table 4.20: Population and Households for Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected Rural

Municipality

HHs Total Population Male Female HH

Size

Sex Ratio

Sirijungha 3,227 15,806 7,482 8,324 4.90 89.88


Age and sex wise population distribution of project affected area are presented in Table 4.21.

The table shows that the population of the project area is under growing stage. The population

of the age group 5 to 9, 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 are in higher side therefore, the population of the

project area is under growing stage.


82

Table 4.21: Age group population distribution of Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected Rural

Municipality

Total Age groups

00 to

04

05 to

09

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75+

Sirijungha

Both sex 15,806 1,616 1,972 2,192 1,979 1,295 953 865 831 850 696 681 510 463 281 261 361

Male 7,482 853 984 1,065 955 533 352 367 331 396 334 362 271 220 137 144 178

Female 8,324 763 988 1,127 1,024 762 601 498 500 454 362 319 239 243 144 117 183



83

Out of total population 54.78% are economically active population, comprising of 52.14% male

and 57.17% female and rest are economically inactive. Details about economically active

population are shown in table below.

Table 4.22: Economically Active Population of Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected

Rural

Municipality

Total Population Economically Active Economically Inactive

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Sirijungha 15,806 7,482 8,324 8,660 3,901 4,759 6,946 3,581 3,565

% 100 100 100 54.78 52.14 57.17 45.22 47.86 42.83


4.3.2.2 Caste

The project area is composed of heterogeneous community. The major ethnic groups in the

project area are Limbu, Chhetri, Brahmin, Gurung, Sarki, Rai etc. According to the population

census, 2011, their population compositions are Limbu (44.4%), Chhetri (25.64%), Brahmin

(8.91%), Rai (3.98%) etc. as shown in Table below:

Table 4.23: Population distribution by caste of project Affected Rural Municipality Affected

Rural

Municipality

Total Chhetri Brahmin Limbu Rai Gurung Sarki Others

Sirijungha 15806 4,053 1409 7017 622 486 422 1797

% 100 25.64 8.91 44.4 3.93 3.07 2.67 11.37


4.3.2.3 Religion

In project impact area, majority of people are Hindu and Buddhist and are living in religious

harmony. Their cultural pattern and social life has a deep-rooted relationship with the nature.

They also believe on portfolio of God and Goddess is attached with the resources on which

human life exists.

4.3.2.4 Mother Tongue

Nepali (61.76%) and Limbu (33.4%) are the widely spoken mother tongues in the project-

affected area. Other mother tongues in project-affected area are Sherpa, Walung, etc. The Table

below shows the detail of the languages spoken in the project area.

Table 4.24: Distribution of Population by Mother tongue in Project Affected Rural

Municipality Affected Rural

Municipality

Total Nepali Limbu Rai Gurung Others

Sirijungha 15806 9762 5280 124 142 498

% 100 61.76 33.4 0.78 0.79 3.15


4.3.2.5 Literacy and Education Status

The literacy status of the project-affected area is 75.12% in average where the literacy rate of

female is 68.24% and male is 82.95%. The literacy status of the project-affected area is

presented in Table below:


84

Table 4.25: Distribution of population by 5 years of age and over by literacy status Affected Rural Municipality Popln

5

years

and

Above

Population who are Literacy

not

stated

Literacy

rate

(%) Can Read

and Write

Can

read

Only

Can’t

Read

and

write

Sirijungha

Both Sex 14,190 10,659 250 3,278 3 75.12

Male 6,629 5,499 111 1,018 1 82.95

% 100 82.95 1.67 15.36 0.015

Female 7,561 5,160 139 2,260 2 68.24

% 100 68.24 1.84 29.9 0.026


The status of school attainment of project area between 5 to 25 years of age is as follows:

Table 4.26: Distribution of population aged 5 - 25 years by school attendance and sex Affected Rural

Municipality

Popln age 5 to 25 Popln Who are

Currently going to

school

Currently not going to

School

Attendance

not

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Sirijungha 3,186 3,540 2,472 2,601 702 922 12 17


4.3.2.6 Public Health and Sanitation

The health service in the project area is delivered through the existing health post. The hospital

level service is available in the district headquarter. The health condition of the people in the

project area is not satisfactory. According to the health source, people generally suffer from

skin disease, ear infection, urinary tract infection, chronic bronchitis, gastrointestinal, injuries

and fractures, diarrhea, diabetes, abdominal pain, toothache and others. Some private health

clinics are operated in the project area. Level of awareness towards improved health and

sanitation (particularly towards the safe drinking water, use of toilets, etc.) is gradually

increasing in the project area. In total 953 households have not the toilet facilities. The

distribution of household with type of toilet facilities in project-affected area are as shown in

table below:

Table 4.27: Distribution of household with type of toilet facilities

Affected Rural

Municipality

Total HHs HHs

without

toilet

facility

HHs with toilet facility of Not stated

Flush toilet Ordinary

toilet

Sirijungha 3,227 953 561 1,694 19

% 100 29.53 17.38 52.50 0.59



85

4.3.2.7 Service Facility

i. Transportation

There are two alternate routes to reach Taplejung bazar from Kathmandu. The nearest airport

at Taplejung is Suketar airport which can be reached by air in 50 minutes from Kathmandu.

The flight to this airport is available in scheduled time only. The other route to reach the

Taplejung bazar is through Mechi highway after travelling to Bhadrapur airport by air from

Kathmandu. The distance between Bhadrapur airport and Taplejung bazaar is about 270 km.

ii. Communication

Communication service through mobile phone, Telephone, and Internet system is available in

the project area. Postal service is available in project-affected area. Radio, Television, Cable

TV etc. are act as a source of information in the project area.

Table 4.28: Distribution of HH with different communication facilities in Project Affected

Rural Municipality

Affected

Rural

Municipalit

y

Tota

l

HHs

HHs having facilities of

At least

one

facility

Radio TV Cable

TV

Comp

uter

Internet Telephone Mobile

phone

Sirijungha 3227 2,415 2,057 19

7

64 25 3 194 1,521


iii. Energy

Not all the project area is electrified yet through the national grid. Kerosene, Solar power,

biogas, are commonly used for lighting purpose in the project area. The other sources of energy

in the project area are wood, batteries. The fuel wood is the main source of energy for cooking,

heating and domestic activities. The fuel wood is collected from private and community forests.

Most of the households have large stocks of fuel wood in storage. Table shown in below shows

the distribution of HHs in terms of energy use for lighting.

Table 4.29: Households using Source for Lighting Affected Rural

Municipality

Total Fuel usually used for lighting Not

stated Electricity Kerosen

e

Bioga

s

Sola

r

Others

Sirijungha 3,227 381 1,549 8 1,24

8

22 19


The table below shows the HHs using energy resources for the cooking purpose. Study shows

that most of the HHs are dependent on firewood for the cooking purpose. This indicates that

local forest is playing vital role for the livelihood of local people and is under pressure.

Table 4.30: Households by usual type of fuel used for cooking Affected

Rural

Municipality

Total Fuel Usually Used For Cooking

Wood Kerosen

e

LP

Gas

Guith

a

Bioga

s

Electricit

y

Not

Stated

Sirijungha 3,227 3,186 15 2 3 2 0 19



86

iv. Drinking Water

Pipe water supply, traditional stone tap, well and streams are the main sources of drinking water

in the project area. Most of the households in the project-affected area have been benefited with

drinking water facility through pipe supply.

Table 4.31: Distribution of HHs showing access to main source of Drinking water Affected

Rural

Municipa

lity

Tot

al

Main Sources of Drinking Water

Tap

water

Tube

well

Covered

well

Uncovered

well

Spout

water

Rive

rs

Othe

rs

Not

stated

Sirijungha 3,22

7

2,978 3 5 44 132 29 17 19


v. Religion and Culture in Project affected Municipality wards

In project impact area i.e. ward 6, 7 amd 8 of Sirijungha Municipality, majority of people are

Hindu and Buddha. Thus, they are living in religious harmony. Their cultural pattern and social

life has a deep-rooted relationship with its nature.

Mostly the people are Hindu and Budhist. People commonly celebrate Dashain, Tihar, Maghe

Sankranti, Shrawane Sankranti, Krishna Janmastmi, Shivaratri, Teez, Bhadaure Purne,

Balachaturdasi, Krishnajanmastami, Lakhenach, Dhanach, Rathjatra, Bhoome Pooja, Chandi

Poornima, Baishakhe Poornima, Mangsir Poornima, Jestha Poornima, Lhosar and others.

4.3.3 Distribution of population and HHs of Affected wards

According to the national population census, 2011, the total household of the project affected

wards is 931 with total population of 4,556, of which 2,169 is male, 2387 is female. The average

HH size is 4.9 and sex ratio is 1.1. The details of the demography are presented in Table below.

4.3.3.1 Demography of Affected ward

According to the national census, 2011, the total population of affected ward is 4556 with male

2169 and female 2387.

Table 4.32: Demography of Affected ward

Rural

Municipality

Ward

s

HH

s

Total

Population

Male Femal

e

HH

Size

Sex

Ratio

Sirijungha 6 240 1,135 519 616 4.73 1.19

7 526 2,691 1,28

3

1,408 5.11 1.1

8 165 730 367 363 4.42 1.01

Total 931 4556 2169 2387 4.9 1.1


4.3.4 Description of Project Affected Families (PAFs)

4.3.4.1 Demography of PAFs

25 HHs will be affected by project comprising total of 127 population with 70 male and 57

female.


87

Table 4.33: Demography of PAFs Area HHs Population Average HH

Size Total Male Female

PAFs 25 127 70 57 5.29

Source: EIA Field study, 2076

4.3.4.1 Education of PAFs

In PAFs the average literacy rate is 85.25%, where the male has high literacy rate (88.24 %)

than the female (64.11%).

Table 4.34: Education of PAFs Affected Area

and Sex

Population

aged 5 years

and above

Population Literacy

not stated

Literacy

Rate Can read &

write

Can read

only

Can’t read

& write

PAFs

Both Sex 122 68 36 18 0 85.25

Male 68 44 16 8 0 88.24

Female 55 24 20 10 0 80


4.3.4.2 Source of Drinking Water

Out of 25 houses 25 uses tap water as sources of drinking water. Sources of drinking water is

illustrated in table below:

Table 4.35: Source of Drinking Water Affected

Area

Total

HHS

Tap/piped

water

Tube

well /

hand

pump

Covered

well/kuwa

Uncovered

well/kuwa

Spout

water

River Others Not

stated

PAFs 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


4.3.4.4 Energy for cooking

Six out of twenty-five houses uses Lp gas as energy for cooking while firewood are used by

majority i.e. 19 houses. Households by main source of fuel for cooking is given below in the

table below;

Table 4.36: Energy for cooking Affected

Area

Total

HHs

Fuel usually used for cooking

Wood /

firewood

Kerosene LP

gas

Santhi/

guitha

(cow

dung)

Bio

gas

Electricity Others Not

Stated

PAFs 25 19 0 6 0 0 0 0 0


4.3.4.5 Source for Lightening

The main source of for lighting is electricity out of 25 houses 25 houses uses electricity.


88

Households by main source of fuel for lighting is given below in the table:

Table 4.37: Different sources of Energy of PAFs for lighting Affected

area

Total HHs Fuel usually used for lighting

Electricity Kerosene Bio gas Solar Others Not Stated

PAFs 25 25 25 0 0 0 0


4.3.4.6 Religion

In case of project affected families most people follow Hindu i.e. 106 while Buddhist is

followed by 12 people and 8 people follow Christian religion.

Table 4.38: Religion of PAFs Affected

area

Sex Population following relision

Hindu Bouddha Islam Kirat Christian

PAFs Male 57 9 0 0 4

Female 49 3 0 0 4

Total 106 12 0 0 8


4.3.4.7 Mode of Compensation

Hundred percent PAFs preferred to have cash compensation rather than land to land

compensation.

Table 4.39: Mode of Compensation Description %PAFS

Cash 100

Land for Land 0

House for House 0

Others 0

TOTAL 100


4.3.4.8 Expectation of PAFs from the project

Project affected families have demand of good compensation, employment opportunities

Trainings (Driving, agricultural, tailoring and wielding, etc.).About 61.53 percentage people

have asked for good compensation. Similarly 85 percent people asked for employment

opportunity and 90 percent people have asked for different training.

Table 4.40: Willingness of PAFs for Compensation Description %PAFs

Good compensation 61.53

Employment opportunities 85

Training (Driving, agricultural, tailoring and wielding,

etc.)

90


4.3.5 Major settlement at project area

Specific information on the demographic, quality of life, economy and livelihood the directly

project affected area will have to be assessed delineating the project foot prints. Therefore there

are displacement effects of the project to the local households both physically and

economically.The project affected sites includes different settlements of Yamphudin village


89

(Ward no. 8 of Sirijangha RM) with 10 households which are given in the table below.

Table 4.41: Project Affected Wards, Settlements and Households RM Settlements Marginalised

group

Dalit Others Total

HHs

Sirijunga Tumiya, Nepu, Batase, Dadele chaurikharka,

Phyampu, Mathoptol, Falate, Kuwa pani,

Chummaden, Pahele, Happutar, Ratopool,

Khewang

10 0 0 10


4.3.6 Religious Sites and Ghats

Mostly the people of the affected settlement are Hindu and Budhist. People commonly

celebrate Dashain, Tihar, Maghe Sankranti, Shrawane Sankranti, Krishna Janmastmi,

Shivaratri, Teez, Bhadaure Purne, Balachaturdasi, Krishnajanmastami, Lakhenach, Dhanach,

Rathjatra, Bhoome Pooja, Chandi Poornima, Baishakhe Poornima, Mangsir Poornima, Jestha

Poornima, Lhosar and others. In the project affected area, there are two Gumbas, two churches,

one temple, one holy land called Thukmin land covering the area of 1 ropani 4 anna, where

many people gather together for worship, one community building called Samekham Yakhaa

Yathoka Bhawan and one Limbu Museum which was established in 2063 B.S. The list of the

religious sites are given in the table below.

Table 4.42: Religious sites in project village Name Ward no. Festival Participant

Nimachoppar Gumba Sirijangha RM-(8) Baishakh Purnima 110

Syangcholin Gumba Sirijangha RM-(8) Baishakh Purnima 95

Thukmin land Sirijangha RM-(8) Loshar 240

Samekham yakhaa

Yathoka Bhawan

Sirijangha RM-(8) Different Religious

programs

100

Chunjung Church Sirijangha RM-(8) Christmas 32

Himali Church Sirijangha RM-(8) Christmas 28

Saraswoti Temple Sirijangha RM-(8) Shree Panchami 150

Limbu Museum Sirijangha RM-(8) Throughout the year 250


There are 3 ghats in the project villages and they are:

Huputaar Ghat

Chummadin Ghat

Thukmin Ghat

Majority of the people are Buddhists and they cremate (burn) the dead bodies in ghats while

the people of Rai community burry the dead body in soil but they also burn if the death cases

are due to falling or hanging. But these ghats are not affected due to the implementation of the

project.

4.3.7 Drinking Water Sources

Major source of drinking water is Tap/ Pipe water supply in nearby settlement. Other sources

of drinking water includes spout water and others.


90

4.3.8 Transportation

The project area can be accessed from Kathmandu via Charaali of Jhapa in the East-West

highway from where Mechi Highway leads up to Ganesh Chowk of Panchthar District. The

distance from Charali to illam is about 79 km. After this, an Earthen road starts from illam to

the Kabeli river (Iwa Khola confluence area, Tribeni Dovan) which is 16 km long (part of

which lies along Mid Hill Highway (up to Tharpu Bazaar). After crossing the Kabeli river

bridge at Tribeni Dovan, the project road follow right bank of Kabeli Khola and crosses

Panchami, Khandinbe, Bunguwa and finally road ends at Happu Khola Bazaar.

4.3.9 Occupation

Reconnaissance filed visit information reveal that the people of the project municipalities and

rural municipalities involved in different occupations and employment like farming,

agriculture, and local jobs (teaching etc). Some of them travelled to Jhapa, Kathmandu in

search of better employment oppurtunity.People have even travelled to foreign countries such

as singapur, Golf countries, Korea, UK for employment.

4.3.10 Trade and Commerce

Agriculture and Livestock Management

People from the project affected areas have cultivated Solanumtuberosum (Aalo, Potato) and

the spices like Coriandrumsativum (Dhania), Allium sativum (Payj), etc are also grown. People

also grow wheat, millet, maize, beans, etc. But the main cash crop is Cardamom.

At present situation most of the local people are attracted towards cardamom farming which

has become important cash crops to sustain their livelihood easily by gaining lots of profit as

its market price is very high and has great demand in international market. Beside this people

are also involved in making raadi paakhi which is the peculiarity of this place and it has good

rank among the products exported to western countries from Nepal. People also have chicken,

goats, sheep as livestock in the area.

Table 4.43: Crop Distribution Crops Price Livestock Products Market Price

Rice - Milk 80 / litre

Daal 600/pathi Ghee 750 / kg

Corn 350/pathi Curd 80 / litre

Millet 350/pathi Goat meat 1000 / kg

Barley 600/pathi Buff meat 500/dharni

Cardamom 30,000/mann (40kg) Pork meat 900/dharni

Potato 300/pathi Local cock live 1500

Mustard - Others

Sugarcane - Stone 1000 per chatta

Cauliflower 50/kg Cement 2600 per sack

Iskus 50/kg Labor agriculture male 1000

Cabbage 50/kg Labor agriculture female 800


4.3.11 Industry

There is no industry in the project area.


91

4.3.12 Tourism

The project area is potential for tourism industry. There are different places of touristic

importance that have abundant bird life, breathtaking rock gorges and scenic beauty.

Yamphudin has the enchanting scenery of riverbank of Kabeli khola with dense forest area.

The green pastures and a settlement are another factor adding to the beauty of the area. It is

also important for Gumba. This area is opened to foreigners only from 1990. The number of

trekkers and tourists reached 1000 in 2001. Most of the tourists visit for trekking purpose. The

data recorded in KCA office shows that about 480 tourist visit office annually. August to

November is main arrival time of tourist in the area. Mainly tourist from, France, UK, Germany

and Netherland have visited the area.Yamphudin is one of the way through which tourist travel

to Kanchanjunga. It takes about 4 days to reach Kanchanjunga following the route Dhupi

Bhanjyang, Torangden, Kature, Aandha phedi etc.About 194 tourist visits to the yamphudin

per year.Yamphudin is also a route for tourist to visit Pathivara (one of the important religious

destination of Hindu). It takes about three days to reach pathivara from yamphudin on walk.

4.3.13 Other Infrastructures along the Proximity of the Project

The situation of physical infrastructures in project area is not satisfactory. Lack of long term

sustainable development of physical infrastructure and remoteness are hurdles for

infrastructure development in the region. The area is not covered by any road network and it

takes about one day travel to reach the boundary of conservation area. The area has 1 health

post, 1 post office, 1 police post, 1 forestry office, and 1 animal health post, 1 hospital 1 co-

operative and 1 Women group institute as mentioned in the table below.

Table 4.44: Infrastructures in the project village S.N Name of Institution Total Numbers

1. Hospital 1

2. Health Post 1

3. Post Office 1

4. Police post 1

5. Telephone office -

6. KCAP office 1

7. Agriculture Service Centre 1

8. Animal Health Post 1

9. Shree Manglungkhang Multi purpose and co-operative 1

10. Kirat Rai religious place 1

11. Birthing Center 1

12. Laxmi women group 1


4.3.14 Water use rights

Water from Kabeli khola r is not used for irrigation, water mill, microhydro, cremation site,

drinking purpose or recreational purpose within the dewatered zone stretch of the proposed

project. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not

anticipated with this project. Therefore, there is no any issues and conflict of water uses of

Kabeli khola within dewatered zone.


92

4.3.15 Existing and Planned Project in the Vicinity

Apart from Super Kabeli, there are 5 projects in upstream and downstream which are either in

survey or in generation license phase.

As the project lies in Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Guideline for the Physical

Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065 will be followed.

Therefore, 10% of monthly average flow has been purposed for the environment flow for

project. There will be cumulative effect to project due to dewatered stretch in upstream and

downstream project. Furthermore, construction of the project will be commenced in

coordination with upstream and downstream projects. The planned project (Upcoming and

under construction) in upstream and immediate downstream are presented below:

Table 4.45: List of projects upstream/Downstream S

.

N

.

Name of

the

Project

Capa

city

Proponent Latitude Longitude Distance Upstream/

Downstrea

m

1 Mathillo

Kabeli

HPP

28.10

0

MW

Peace Energy

Company Pvt. Ltd.

27° 18' 45"N to

27° 21' 40"

87° 50'

48"E to 87°

52' 00"

7426.94 m

from

SKKHEP

Downstrea

m

2 Upper

Kabeli-2

HEP

9.6

MW

Arun Valley

Hydropower

Development

Company Limited

27°17' 13"N to

27° 18' 35"N

87° 49'

55"E to 87°

50' 55"E

13456.59 m

SKKHEP

Downstrea

m

3 Super

Kabeli

Khola A

13.5

MW

Snow River Pvt. Ltd 27°27' 15"N to

27°28' 15"N

87° 55'

12"E to 87°

58' 15"E

504.59 m

from

SKKHEP

Upstream

4

Kabeli-3

HEP

21.93

0

MW

Kabeli Hydropower

Company Pvt. Ltd

27° 21' 41"N to

27° 25' 08"

87° 50'

58"E to 87°

53' 24"E

666.70 m

from

SKKHEP

Downstrea

m

5 Kabeli B-

1

25.00

MW

Arun Kabeli Power

Limited.

27° 16' 23"N to

27° 17' 13"N

87° 47'

00"E to

87° 50'

10"E

16064.99 m

from

SKKHEP

Downstrea

m


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CHAPTER: V 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

With reference to the project design parameters, the environmental impacts have been assessed

as per the National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines 1993 for magnitude, extent,

duration and significance of the impacts. Any impact is assessed as long term if it lasts for the

entire life of the project i.e. 20 years. Any impact is assessed as medium term if it lasts for more

than 3 years and less than 20 years. Any impact is assessed as short term if it lasts for only 3

years or during the construction period. Similarly, in assessing the significance, if the

quantified magnitude is more than 50%, (i.e. average), it would be termed as significant impact.

At the same time, if the impact is irreversible then the impact would be termed as significant.

In classifying the extent - limited within the project area is site specific, limited up to the

affected Rural Municipality is local and any impact extending beyond the project area would

be termed as regional impact.

Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or not realized during EIA study, but

later found significant, will also be mitigated or enhanced by the proponent.

5.1 Beneficial Impacts

The potential beneficial impacts of the SKKHPP development could be broadly listed under

following headings. The potential benefits are generate local employment opportunities,

enhance and generate local government revenue opportunities, enhance government service

opportunities, generate local trade and business opportunity, enhance environmental benefits

to local service facilities (water supply, education, healthcare, etc.), local tourism, rural

electrification opportunities and so on which are discussed in detail below:

5.1.1 Construction Stage

The likely beneficial impacts during the construction stage of the project are described below.

i. Increase in employment opportunity for local people

About 300 people will be deployed during the peak time of construction phase in civil and

mechanical works; this includes 72 skilled, 48 semiskilled and 180 unskilled manpower. The

socio-economic survey revealed that major population of the project area is willing to work in

the project. Assuming that 90% (162) of unskilled, 25% (12) of semiskilled and about 5% (4)

of skilled human resources can be hired from the project-affected settlements, the project will

generate local employment for 178 people from project affected areas of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake

Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada,

Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,

Yamphudin. By increasing the employment opportunity to the local people, the project will

hep increase the income level and thus improving the living standard of the local people. This

increase is likely to enhance development and promotion of other sectors, particularly the social

service sectors such as education, health, sanitation and drinking water facilities in and around

the project area.

The impact is direct as well as indirect in nature, of medium magnitude, local in extent and

short term in duration.

ii. Increase in local skills in the relevant areas

The project requires 72 skilled and 48 semi-skilled human resources, both having some


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technical skills. The minorities groups Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo, of

Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa,

Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki,

Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin are envisaged to increase their level of skill in the

construction activities.

The Project will also launch training programs in specialized areas such as electro-mechanical

works of hydropower, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization, spoil handling,

construction, metal works, etc. First priority will be given to the project affected people and

local people to the extent they are interested to get involved in construction activities.

The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in

duration.

iii. Increase in economic opportunity such as business, renting the houses and its impact

on local economy

A significant number of workers (300) will be hired during the construction phase of the

project, of which 122 workforces may be hired from the new places. From the project affected

area, a total of 178 workforces will get the employment. Further, there will be increase in the

demand of the local agricultural products and will help in establishment of the new market,

which will have positive impacts on economy of project-affected area.

With the residence of 122 workforces in the project area during the construction period, the

purchasing power of the local people will increased with increased demand for different types

of food, beverage and other daily requirements. This will lead to the establishment of tea stalls,

grocery shops, bars and restaurants. The local people will gain good experience in running

lodges, restaurants and grocery shops leaading to increased enterprenurships and creation of

employment opportunities among themselves and others as helpers. The development of new

market places may take place at Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu

Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar,

Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin. As a result, significant amount

of cash will circulate in the local economy.

Hence, economic status of these communities will be increased due to project implementation.

The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in

duration.

iv. Community development support in the project area

The internal project access road to the head works and upgrading of internal project road to

powerhouse will be constructed which will improve transportation facilities. In addition, the

project will support health posts, schools, drinking water supply to the PAFs. The Project will

allocate certain fund for training the local farmers and traders of the community in modern

techniques of cash crop and livestock productions and in small enterprise development

activities suitable to fulfill likely demands of the workforce.

The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in

duration.


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5.1.2 Operation Stage

i. Employment Opportunity during the operation of project

On the completion of construction work, the project will require some permanent posts during

the operation phase for the regular maintenance of project components such as diversion weir,

intake, gravel trap, settling basin, headrace pipe, headrace tunnel, Surge shaft, penstock pipe,

powerhouse and tailrace. About 20 people will be deployed during the operation phase of the

project permanently. In addition, about 10 other people will get part time job opportunity. Local

people will be recruited for administrative and technical works according to their qualifications

and skills. These will give permanent income source to some of the local people.


duration.

ii. Government Royalty for local development

The project will generate royalty as per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal

Arrangement Act, 2074. According to policy, out of the total royalty project will pay, 50%

will go to central government, 25 % to the concerned province (state) and 25 % to the concerned

local level.

The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, national in extent and long term in duration.

iii. Retaining national expertise, skills and transfer of technology

The project requires 72 skilled and 48 semi-skilled human resource. In order to manipulate the

local people, the project will launch different training programs such as electro-mechanical

works, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization and spoil handling etc. related

to hydropower operation for the local people of Project Affected Rural Municipality. The

priority will be given first to the project affected families and the local people of the PAVs to

the extent they are interested to get involved in the operationa and maintenance related

activities.

The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in

duration.

iv. Enhancement of Power Supply

Due to operation of SKKHEP, an additional 12 MW of electricity will be connected to the

national grid. So, there will be increase in power and energy to the national grid.

The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in

duration.

v. Improve health and Sanitation

The establishment as well as standardization of health institution help local people to improve

their health institutions. Health and sanitation training and occupational health related training

to employees during operation phase, further increase the health and sanitation status of local

people and area.

The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in

duration.


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vi. Local area development and mainstreaming to the national economic activities

The project will improve social services of that area that includes improvement in education,

health, agricultural extension, transport and communication, water supply and sanitation

structures, etc. Access of many local people to the improved social services will maximize the

use of such services and will bring the local people to the mainstream of the national economic

acivities.


duration.

vii. Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project

The project area is the famous tourist destination and lies on the route of Great Himalaya

Trekking and new trekking route. The project area is potential for tourism industry. There are

different places of touristic importance that have abundant bird life, breathtaking rock gorges

and scenic beauty. Yamphudin has the enchanting scenery of riverbank of Kabeli khola with

dense forest area. Still, this trek is famous for flora and fauna, different birds and wildlife

species and particularly, Snow Leopard and Red Panda along the trail. So, the project can

promote the tourism and attract local youths in tourism activities.The professional people,

students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit the area to see how the

project is running in its operation phase. This may create a big opportunity for developing local

tourism in this area. The green pastures and a settlement are another factor adding to the beauty

of the area. It is also important for Gumba. Yamphudin is one of the way through which tourist

travel to Kanchanjunga. Yamphudin is also a route for tourist to visit Pathivara (one of the

important religious destination of Hindu).


duration.

viii. Increase awareness to KCA local body and Conservation Community Forest User

Groups for the natural resource management

The project will organize different awareness programmes in coordination with KCA officials

for the natural resource management. The awareness trainings will be according to the advice

of the KCA local body at Rural Municipality level set for the conservation management. In

addition, Sirijangha RM and Conservation Community Forest User Groups will be benefitted

by the awareness programmes, which will take place near to the project site within the KCA.

The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.

ix. Business opportunities for local people and enhancement of local economy

The project will not only provide the employment opportunities to the local people, but there

will also be a significant increase in the demand of their local agricultural products such as

cardamom, chiraito and livestock such as yak rearing, sheep rearing; this will promote other

business activities such as knitting carpet and trading of medicinal plants. The construction of

the internal access road will help in the transportation of the local products. The establishment

of new market place will provide increased opportunities for business for the local people.

Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa,

Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki,

Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be converted to the bigger markets, which will provide


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more services to local people. The local people having good experience in running lodges,

restaurants and grocery shops will enlarge their enterprises and create employment

opportunities among themselves. As a result, significant amount of cash will be circulated into

the local economy making it more vibrant. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in

magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.

x. Development of Road Networking and bridges

The internal access road constructed by the project will provide local people access to the

strategic network of Nepal. Thus, increasing economy of the surrounding villages.

The project area will be served by less costly passenger transport services such as buses and

mini buses. Transport costs of goods will also decline and commodities will be available in

lower prices than before. The decline in transport costs and less-costly agro-inputs and raw

materials may motivate local farmers to further expand cash crops and industrial productions.

Due to the availability of reliable transport services health officers and teachers will be willing

to stay there or visit the area frequently. This will enhance development and promotion of social

service sector such as health and education facilities. All these will help to improve the overall

economic conditions and quality of life of local people. Sirijangha Rural Municipality will be

benefitted by the increased length of internal access road and upgrading of road up to project

area.

The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.

xi. Increase in Local Development Activities

According to Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074, the project will pay 25 % of

royalty to the concerned local level. This will certainly encourage local body to have improved

level of education, health, water supply, markets and communication services and ask the

project for investing to improve the level of the services. The project will generate royalty as

per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074.


duration.

xii. Protection against climate change reducing the greenhouse gases emission

With the operation of SKKHEP 12 MW, annually 69.24 GWh of energy will be added (the

dry season energy is 20.78 GWh and the wet season energy is 48.46 GWh) to the national grid,

which will save 769,333.33 liters of petrol (As one liter of petrol gives 9 kWh of energy, IHA,

2000). Likewise, 1 liter of petrol emits 2.3 kg of CO2 gas in the atmosphere (IEA, 2016); this

shows uses of 769,333.33 liters of petrol will emits 1769.47 tons of CO2 to the atmosphere.

Thus SKKHEP 12 MW project annually save 1769.47 tons of CO2 entering into the

atmosphere. This is a big asset from the environmental point of view in reducing significant

amount of greenhouse gas emission annually to the atmosphere.

The impact is direct in nature, high magnitude, and national in extent and long term in

duration.

xiii. Contribution of forest conservation by supplying 69.24 GWh energy annually

Comparing to the use of firewood, the annual generation of 69.24 GWh of energy from

SKKHEP, 12 MW, will saves 19,782.857 tons of firewood which otherwise would emit

36202.629 tons of CO2 to atmosphere assuming that 1 kg of wood after complete burning


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emits 1.83 kg of CO2 (IEA, 2016). Assumption was made on the basis that 1 ton of

firewood gives 3500 kWh (IHA et al, 2000).

The impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, national in extent and long term in

duration.

The summary of Environmental benefit of SKKHEP is shown in environmental matrix

Table 5.11.

5.2 Adverse impacts

SKKHEP has identified possible impacts on physical, biological and socioeconomic and

cultural environments from the approved Scoping and Terms of Reference. In order to keep the

study as per the Scoping and ToR of the study, impact on each issue has been discussed,

evaluated and the mitigation measures have been proposed in the following sections.

5.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment

The physical environmental issues of the project were studied in an extensive manner during

EIA study. The issues identified in the ToR were found to be the issues of concerns for the

project construction and operation.

5.2.1.1 Construction Stage

i. Impacts on land use

The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to the

KCA. Hence the land will be acquired on the temporary lease as far as possible. For example,

the land for the campsite, construction material stockpile area, etc. will be taken on lease only.

The land occupied by the project infrastructures including access road would be acquired

permanently.




be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land. Temporary land will be

restored on completion of construction phase. The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude,

local in extent and short term in duration.

ii. Impact on Topography

The topographical changes will occur particularly in the headwork site; headrace tunnel,

settling basin, intake, surge shaft, penstock pipe, powerhouse area, quarry sites, spoil/muck,

and debris disposal sites, etc. In addition, construction of internal project access road will also

have long-term effect on topography as excavation and other earthworks area needed. Camp

facilities during construction require housing, office space and work areas. The landscape will

change at headwork, headrace tunnel, powerhouse, area for spoil/muck, debris disposal sites

and along the internal access road; ground elevation may be raised by 5 m than the present

level.


duration.

iii. Storage of construction materials

The total required materials for SKKHEP during construction of civil structures will be 1075


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m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand, 2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 MT of reinforcement steel. Storage

of construction materials will be carried out at Powerhouse and headwork area. A total of 0.1

ha land will be temporarily required for the storage of construction materials at stockpiling sites

of both Powerhouse and headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari) area will be used as

stockpiling sites. Leakage of oil, grease, cements and other construction materials to the site

and adjoining area will have impact on the soil quality of storage sites, will pollute nearby

water sources; dust and odor pollution are also other potential impacts.


duration

iv. Landslide and soil erosion due to excavation works

Although the bedrock is strong and stable, inundation of the small area at the intake would

invite slope failure due to soil saturation and water fluctuation. Slope overloading will take

place when side-casted at downhill slope leading to slope failures and mass wasting. Disruption

of natural drainage pattern will cause scouring, erosion and landslides. Construction works

related slope cutting can also trigger landslides. As the project area has high slope gradient,

landslide can turn into major source of silt during the Monsoon increasing suspended and bed

load in rivers, sedimentation of agriculture fields, and clogging drains and canals. Identification

of unstable land and proper protection measures can reduce the impact considerably. In some

sections of the access roads, old and recent scars of land degradation (landslides in the

Yamfudin) are visible indicating that the slope is naturally unstable. Side casting of excavated

material, steep slope cutting, improper drainage management along and across the road etc will

increase the risks of slope failure many fold. The quarry site located in the flood plain requires

only surface stripping operations and does not involve land stability problems. The surge shaft

portal, penstock pipe location, and power house require excavation in a rather steep section and

involving weak bed rock and regolith materials may give rise to the land stability related issues

during construction of these structures.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.

v. Solid waste generated from camps

Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and construction

wastes. Improper handling and management of such wastes can result in production of

unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts and public health hazards.

Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly involved in

project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people

working in the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily migrate

to the project area during construction, including construction crews, members of their families,

and people who supply construction goods and services to the workers.

During the construction period, about 90 kg (assuming 300 gram for 600 people daily) of

domestic waste will be generated by the workforces (EIA study, 2019). The domestic waste

will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are biodegradable and non-hazardous, and

can be easily managed and will not be a significant problem. However, when the domestic

waste is dumped in the streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved

oxygen in water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition, improperly


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disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and provide

breeding ground for flies, attract rodents and other scavengers, which may raise public health

concerns, for the construction workers as well as the local people.

Waste generated by construction activities includes empty cement bags and containers,

unwanted materials, packaging materials and frames, plastics and other structures. This kind

of wastes though will be high in amount, will be reused and recycled, and will have low impact

on the environment.


vi. Spoil/muck disposal

Huge amount, about 49,343.87 m3, of spoil/muck needs to be disposed off in appropriate

location. The spoil may be improperly disposed off on cropland, forestland and riverbank as

these types of terrain are around the project site. Improper handling and disposal of spoil will

result destruction of productive land and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in the river with

an adverse impact on aquatic life, and scars in the landscape. Contamination of water and

surface soil, sedimentation of water bodies, erosion of spoil and gully formation may occur,

especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff.

For safe and proper disposal of spoil thus created, project has allocated 0.05 ha of land area.

For intake and powerhouse, 100 yr flood is recommended, as design flood and structural safety

need to be checked for flood with 1000 yr return period. The land acquired for the purpose of

disposal site is temporary. In general, the impact due to muck/debris disposal in this project

will be of moderate level considering the project of similar sizes.


vii. Leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals

More than 15 diesel and petrol vehicles, including light and heavy, will be in operation during

the construction of the Project. Similarly, engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, etc. would be needed

frequently. The labor housing would require large volume of kerosene for cooking purpose.

The reliable power supply is required for the employer's office, contractor's office, workshop,

etc. for which operation of a diesel power plant will be required.

The project will store fuel, grease and other lubricants for 1 month in its storage. The tentative

quantity of the stored diesel will be about 2000 liters, about 50 liters of lubricant oil and about

20 kg of grease per month. The possibility of leakage of oil and grease and other liquid

materials is high. These oil when spilled, spread easily over ground producing human health

and environmental impacts. The oil spilled near the water surface will pollute the water surface

and reduce the dissolved oxygen content. The oil leakage will have detrimental impacts on the

aquatic life. The Kabeli Khola, downstream from headwork and near the confluence, will be

affected in such cases.

The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in

duration.

viii. Change in river morphology due to operation of quarry site

Two quarry sites and borrow pits have been proposed for SKKHEP. The diversion of river flow

together with the construction and associated activities may damage or degrade the existing

channels and springs. This disturbed condition may change the river hydrology of the area.


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The upstream of dam will be deposited with sediments as well as the sediment released from

the dam will erode riverbed changing the course the river. There will be boulders, pebbles, and

sand all over the bank and flood plain of dewatered zone. Similarly haphazard extraction of

materials or in excessive mining, will seriously damage the local surroundings that will lead to

slope instability, landscape disturbance, landslide, erosion or box cutting of agriculture land,

etc.

The impact is direct in nature; medium in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and medium

term in duration.

ix. Impact on natural drainage due to water conveyance medium

Water alignment has to pass through different features, slope areas, kholsi and forestland.

Crossing of kholsi and difficult terrains in some location is challenging. Penstock pipe and

headrace tunnel alignment has to pass through different gullies and kholsi. The construction of

water conveyance system will affect water drainage system as this will disrupt surface flow

which may further increase the instability of slope and penstock alignment and other water

passing system of different lengths. There will be increase in gullies, soil erosion and land

instability due to blockage of natural drainage.

Considering the minor gullies, the impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to

local in extent and short term in duration.

x. Construction campsites

Three camp sites including contractor camp, labor camps and Engineering camps have been

proposed as construction support facilities during the construction period. Among the

campsites, one at headwork and one at powerhouse will be used during the operation period

also. Camp will be constructed on flat areas of the forest at headwork and powerhouse. Camp

and disposal sites have been considered at the same place because of topography of the area,

as it needs some filling materials to make usable.

Project will employ as many as local people to reduce the pressure of outsiders to the area, also

to minimize the impacts due to influx of construction workers. In total, project will recruit 300

workers and maximum of them will stay in settle in camp. Pollution to the nearby water source

is most likely to occur due to the camp establishment, land use change of the area and solid

waste generation,

Considering the size of workforce and nature of the camp area the impact is direct in nature;

moderate in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short term in duration.

xi. Impact due to seismicity

The project area falls in Nepal Seismic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic risk. A design

horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10.

It is recommended that; at least during the feasibility study stage an OBE value of 0.16 g be used

for the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project. There is no exceptional seismic risk and no

pending of water to threaten downstream populations in the event of catastrophic failure of the

5 m weir.

Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.


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xii. Impact on Dewatered zone stretch

During the construction phase, impact on dewatered zone due to water diversion is not relevant.

Impact along the stretch due to contamination of water quality has been discussed in different

sections, viz Change in Water Quality, Release of toxic and hazardous waste, spoil disposal,

etc.

Thus, this issue is not relevant other than discussed during the construction phase of the

project.

xiii. Increased level of noise and vibration

The construction activities will generate noise and vibration at the project site. The main

activities that will generate noise and vibration are blasting, use of batching plants, movement

of heavy equipment, activities such as drilling, blasting, tunneling, vibrators, dozers, loaders,

rollers, cranes, generators, and pumps. This will disturb the present peaceful environment of

the project area. Especially the impact will be significant as the project area lies in forest areas

of KCA. Noise level above 65 dB is not desirable. The blasting noise level above 130 db can

be considered sufficiently high for human health. The construction activities of the project may

exceed this threshold of noise level, affecting human, wildlife and livestock of the project area.

As the project, construction site is near forest and far from dense human settlement, wild

animals will be affecting by noise pollution.

The impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short term

in duration.

xiv. Change in air quality

During the construction period, activities such as transportation and handling of construction

materials, excavation, drilling, use of heavy equipment, and the use of crushing and batching

plants will generate significant amount of dust and vehicular emissions (suspended particles,

carbon monoxide, sulfured oxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air). The

impacts on air quality will, however, be of short-term in duration and mostly limited to the

project site. It will be most severe at the sites of crushing plant, concrete mixing sites, along

the access roads, in the spoil disposal area and in areas where major construction activities will

occur, such as at the weir and the powerhouse site. The movement of heavy vehicles in project

site is likely to increase dust and vehicular emissions. The topographical condition of the site

is a narrow gorge, which will restrict, to a certain extent, the dispersion of air pollutants.

Other potential impacts on air quality are unpleasant odor due to improper management of

sewerage and solid waste, indoor smoke pollution due to cooking activities. Construction

activities will attract large number of migrant labors and people who supply goods and services

to the labor force. When adequate measures are not taken to handle the sewerage and solid

waste generated by this new population, there will be a possibility of increase in foul odor.

The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, regional in extent and short term in

duration.

xv. Change in water quality

The water analysis report confirms that the water quality of the Kabeli River at project area is in

pristine condition. However, increasing trends of chemical fertilizers and pesticide use in the

catchment area is envisaged to pollute the river water in future with increments in the nitrogen


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and phosphorous concentrations besides pesticides. The major contributor of the sediment load

in the catchment erosion is associated with the high monsoon precipitation. The project

construction activities are likely to increase the turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids

and BOD of the Kabeli River.

Disturbance of the riverbed, construction of dams, and the weir, disposal of unwanted materials

on the riverbanks, etc. will increase the turbidity, with suspended and dissolved solids in the

stream/river. Quarry sites are proposed along the Kabeli River, thus water body will bear the

impact. This will have some adverse impacts on the aquatic life. However, the impacts of

increased turbidity and pollution will be medium.

The impacts on water quality will be low in magnitude, local in scale and short term in

duration.

xvi. Loss of top soil

Loss of top soil is calculatrd to be 5200 m3 permanently and recovery chance is almost

impossible. There will be clearing and grubbing of vegetation from the project area for

construction related works like formation of new alignment, borrow area, quarry sites, increase

loss of top soil from these sites. Headwork area and facilities, headrace alignment, surge shaft,

penstock pipe and powerhouse area will have greater impact due to loss of top soil. The loss of

top soil will decrease the fertility of the land, thus reducing agricultural production.

The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short

term in duration.

xvii. Issues related to internal access road, bridge and construction power

Project internal Access Road

The internal project road will use the public and government land with the displacement of

private land. Further, construction of permanent internal access road requires 1.2 ha land.

Similarly, the construction vehicles and project vehicles will use the same road such that there

can be the occurrence of regular traffic jam, road accidents causing nuisance to villagers. The

associated impacts due to road construction are temporary like increase in turbidity of water,

mixing of various wastes, air pollution, visual pollution, debris into river water. These impacts

are all temporary and occur only during construction of road. These impacts will stop occurring

on completion of construction of road. But adequate compensation to the local people and

management of traffic can reduce the impact to great extent.

Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, site specific in nature and short term in duration.

Construction Power

5 Diesel generator of 250 kVA and 1 generator of 100 kVA power will be used as construction

power. Construction and operation of construction power line is considered as construction

phase issue of the project. The diesel generator may produce noises due to which local people

may get disturbed and also the wildlifes and birds may get affected.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration. An

overall impact due to construction power line to the physical environment is insignificant in

nature.


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xviii. Issue Blasting and Bunker operation

Storage and handling of explosive is risky and needs high level attention and help of securities.

Blasting during excavation works may affect the stability of the surrounding area and blasting

may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which the local people may be

affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will be anticipated during construction

phase.

The expected impact is direct, medium in terms of magnitude, site specific and of short-term

duration.

xix. Change on drainage pattern

The project activities may damage or degrade the existing springs and divert the flow of

channels. The disturbed flow together with the damage in spring channels due to construction

may alter the drainage pattern of the area.

Gneiss is the predominant rock within the area with traces of quartzite and schist in the form

of fine partition and good enough in terms of stability. The site excavations performed do not

fall on the faulty lines and discontinuities. As regard to the disturbance to the

watershed/catchment area, the project intake lying in between steep cliff of rocks, the

construction activities are isolated from the river channel that receive its water inputs.

The tunnel and powerhouse cavern excavation will lower the local groundwater table

considerably. Such lowering is expected within a region of few meters from the tunnel

alignment and powerhouse. Similar, observations have been made in other hydropower

projects. The springs along the tunnel alignment will be affected and ultimately the user

communities will be affected due to drying of the ground water and natural springs. The

construction activities, especially the construction of tunnel and penstock, will disrupt the

existing spring source and groundwater. However, such activities will not involve high

excavation and construction in spring source.

Thus, the impact due on geology and watershed is significant.

xx. Tunnel excavation problems

As project has optimized construction of its water conveyance system via tunnel requiring

blasting and excavation work. Blasting and excavation activities will have direct impact on the

local slope stability condition. Tunnel construction works resulting in the blasting, the

excavation works and movement of dump trucks will initiate spillage of the muck and spoil

around the area including surface water in the area. In case of ground water, as per the

construction design, the tunneling structure will not interface with the water level in the area.

The tunnel excavation will require control blasting that can cause small tremors, dust pollution

and instabilities inside the tunnel. When due attention is not given during the tunnel

construction, its excavation may cause collapsing of the tunnel or subsidence of the land above

the tunnel. However, the effect to ground water will be low as the tunnel bed is located in

bedrock-banded gneisses with partly quartzite and fine partition of schist.

The areas for tunnel construction have not mismatched with the springs nearby. The springs

and the sources of water in the area are all located at the outskirts of the tunneling sites. Thus,

the problems of springs drying may not exist.


105

Going through this, the impact will be direct and less significant in nature.

xxi. Vibration from blasting and operation of heavy equipment, vehicles around the

surrounding areas

The impacts related to blasting have been discussed in section xviii. Blasting during excavation

works vibrates the land surface which may have direct impact on the local slope stability

condition. During the construction period, many vehicles will be used for transportation for

construction materials to construction site of the project. Likewise, heavy vehicles like loaded

trucks, tripper, excavators and others will also have to move frequently in and around the

project area. The movement of heavy vehicles may vibrate the surrounding area and may create

instability, slope failure and soil mass failure nearby the access road.

No springs will be affected, as no spring is found in the nearby area. Thus, the impact will be

moderate in magnitude, local in nature and short term in duration.

xxii. Issue of handling of explosive material

Blasting during excavation works may affect in the stability of the surrounding area and

blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which the local people may

be affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will be anticipated during

construction phase.

In overall, the expected impact is direct, medium in terms of magnitude, site specific and long-

term in terms of duration.

xxiii. Probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard

The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to ICIMOD 2011,

there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based on field investigation and

evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari,

Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli

River Catchment. Most of the lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not

cause damage and thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola

Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to lower the

water when an outburst will be of threatening level.

Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.

5.2.1.2 Operation Stage

After construction, the project enters into operation and maintenance stage and power is

regularly generated from the powerhouse. During this stage, the following impacts are likely

to occur.

i. Changes in hydrology and sedimentation

The upstream of diversion weir construction will drastically change the river’s present

morphology due to change in the river bed elevation. Within the diversion section, between

diversion weir and the tailrace, there will be considerable reduction in the river discharge. The

river will have only residual environmental flow i.e. 10 % of monthly average flow (Table 4.7).

The river flood plain will be wider and chocked with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand.

There is potential of colonization of the flood plain areas by hygroscopic vegetation. In the

Monsoon season, however, this stretch of the river will exhibit characteristics of river


106

morphology similar to that of the present. During construction there will be a temporary

increase in the sediment content of the river due to construction activities. The transportation

of loose spoils and muck deposits by runoff and earthen materials eroded due to construction

of access and internal project road may also increase sediment load in the water.

The topography of the project area consists of moderate to steep relief with an average hill

slope of 65˚. Quaternary deposit consists of alluvial terrace and colluvial deposit generated

through old rock falls, landslides, hillslope scree and river deposit. The deposit consists of

angular to rounded boulder cobble and gravel mixed with sand and silt which is also a potential

source of the sediments. But the bioengineering programs in the upstream of the project area

and construction of sedimentation basin can reduce the rate of sedimentation in the project area.


ii. Impact on natural drainages

The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contribute by the soil and rock in the catchments

area. The impact is residual in nature. Regular clearance of the settling basin, gravel trap will

be carried out during the operation phase. Thus, collected sediment will be put safely. So due

to this, the impact due to collected sediments in the nearby natural drainage will be less.

Owing to the site and area conditions, the impact will be medium in magnitude, medium in

range and long term in duration.

iii. Possibility of slope failure at tunnel portals

The excavation of the area during construction of the tunnel and tunnel portals of the project

may make the slope area weak and unstable. Further, the flow of water during the operation

phase may make the slope instable especially in the inlet and outlet portal of tunnel. Due to

which the slope failure, soil mass fall may occur. The impact is indirect in nature, low in

magnitude, local in extent and long-term in duration.

iv. Noise and vibration in powerhouse area

Due to the heavy machine running continuously while generating 12 MW of power, the sound

pollution is expected to be greater than 75 dBA, which will be the major issue at powerhouse

site.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in

duration.

v. Change in water quality due to reduced flow

The water quality of the river in the Monsoon season even in the dewatered zone section

(between diversion weir & tailrace) and below tailrace will be similar to that of the present.

There will be some changes in the water quality in the dry months from October to June in the

dewatered stretch of the river between diversion weir and tailrace. Considerable volume of

water will be added by the tributaries, but the greater share of the water volume will be

contributed by the residual environmental flow of the Kabeli River from the diversion weir.

The dissolved oxygen level may slightly drop while the water temperature will slightly increase

than that of the present. Suspended sediment load in the river water will however, significantly

drop than that of the present.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.


107

vi. Leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals

During the operation period maintenance of mechanical equipment of powerhouse needs

chemicals, which may leak during the maintenance work. While sweeping, such chemicals may

get directly mixed with the water body unless preventive measures are used.

When such oil/chemicals are spilled, they easily spread over ground and also produce eye sore.

The oil spill pollutes the water surface and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body will

be reduced. In such cases, the oil leakage ill have detrimental impacts on the aquatic life. Impact

due to leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals however in Kabeli River during the operation

period may not be relevant, considering the leaked oil and the large volume of river water.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in

duration.

vi. Change in microclimate in the dewatered stretch

Slight change in the micro-climate of the dewatered section of the river between diversion weir

and tailrace is expected. In such section, the temperature might fall by about 0.5⁰C in the winter

season, whereas it may rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C in the hot summer season (April – June). In the

monsoon season (July- October), water temperature will be similar to that of present. On the

other hand vegetation growth pattern along the stream alignment will be altered during the dry

season, thus also the micro-climate.

The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in

duration.

vii. Impact of Seismicity

The project area falls in second seismic risk zone of Nepal having a moderate potential seismic

risk. The seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15

g – 0.16 g. Due to excavation works and blasting works during the construction of project

components like tunnel and surge shaft, the slope may get unstable. And as project area falls in

second seismic risk zone, if earthquake occurs, the unstable and weak slope area may collapse

which may take many lives and damage more property.

Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.

ix. Water Use and Right

The field observation and interaction with local community revealed that locals do not use the

water from the Kabeli River at dewatered area for cremation, irrigation, micro-hydro, water

mill and other purposes have. Therefore, construction of the project will have no impact in this

section of the projecct.

x. Probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard

The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to ICIMOD 2011,

there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based on field investigation and

evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari,

Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli

River Catchment. Most of the lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not

cause damage and thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola


108

Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to lower the

water when an outburst will be of threatening level.



The biological environmental issues of the project were studied in an extensive manner during

EIA study. The issues identified in the ToR were found to be the issues of concerns for the

project construction and operation.


i. Loss of Forest and Vegetation (Plant Diversity)

The implementation of the project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA (Permanent: 2.13 ha

and temporary 0.2 ha) which is under the management of Conservation Area Management

Committee of KCA. Of the total required permanent land from government land, i.e 2.13 ha,

1.83 ha will be acquired from KCA Forest and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA.

Of the total required temporary land from government land, i.e 0.2 ha land will be acquired

from river flood plain under KCA.

A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250 seedling /ha,

850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost from the government land during the

construction period. The regeneration status of forest in the project area is good. Trees will be

cut down in project main component and along the project support facilities such as access road

from Headworks, Water Conveyance, Camp site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and crusher

plant, etc.

Implementation of the SKKHPP requires cutting down of about 26 different species of trees

and many species of medicinal and non-timber forest products. The highest loss is of Alnus

nepalensis i.e 161 number. The project activities may disturb the in-situ habitat of plant species

along the project alignment.


109

Table 5.1: Loss of tree species and regeneration status S.

N

Location

Total

no. of

trees

loss

pole

tree Total Basal Area

(m2)

Total Volume

(m3)

Regeneration Status No. /ha

Pole (<30 cm

dbh)

dbh range of

Pole

Tree

(>30 cm

dbh)

dbh

range of

Tree

Seedling Sapling

1 Access Road 52 21 12-42.5 31 31-47.5 12.73 47.06 338 88

2 Intake 337 86 11-45 251 12-49.8 91.11 408.96 2191 573

3 Surge shaft 12 3 22-23 9 57-47 3.12 17.96

78 20

4 Penstock

Pipe

79 12 12-29 67 14-49 22.00 85.84

514 134

5 Power house 20 2 28-32 18 36-49 6.08 24.80 130 34

Grand

Total

500 124 376

3250 850


Table 5.2: Loss of tree species in different components of project SN Local Name Name of species Access Road Intake Penstcok Pipe Power house Surge shaft Grand

Total

pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree

1 Aaru Prunus persica 1 1

2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 1 1 1 3 6

3 Asare Lagerstroomia reginae 1 1

4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 1 3 4

5 Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 2 5 1 2 1 2 13

6 Chilaune Schima wallichii 9 15 1 4 4 1 2 36

7 Chutro Berberis aristata 1 1 5 1 1 9

8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 3 1 16 7 2 2 31


110

SN Local Name Name of species Access Road Intake Penstcok Pipe Power house Surge shaft Grand

Total

pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree

9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 4 15 3 9 3 34

10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 1 1

11 Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 1 4 5

12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata 8 18 5 31

13 Kafal Myrica esculenta 1 1

14 Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua 1 1

15 katus Castanopsis tribuloides 1 8 9

16 Khanyoo Ficus camia 3 3

17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa 1 5 5 1 1 13

18 Malato Macaranga pustulata 2 11 3 1 17

19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 2 1 20 23

20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 3 6 5 25 1 7 47

21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides 5 1 1 7

22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis 6 7 2 15

23 Salla Pinus roxburghii 4 3 7

24 siris Albizia chinensis 2 12 1 6 21

25 Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 1 1 1 3

26 Utis Alnus nepalensis 5 4 12 100 23 11 6 161

Grand Total 21 31 86 251 12 67 2 18 3 9 500



111

Table 5.3: Loss of tree species in KCA SN Local

Name

Name of species Total no. No of

pole

No. of tree DBH Range (cm) Average DBH

(cm)

Average height

(m)

Total Basal

Area (m2)

Volume

(m3)

1 Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 12 12.00 1.00 0.09 0.06

2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 6 2 4 11-45 32.92 3.17 1.55 3.56

3

Asare Lagerstroomia

reginae

1 1 22 22.00 2.00 0.17 0.22

4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 4 4 31-45 36.35 5.25 1.14 3.90

5

Bhalayo Semecarpus

anacardicum

13 4 9 12-46 33.70 4.38 3.44 10.03

6 Chilaune Schima wallichii 36 11 25 16-49.8 34.45 5.64 9.73 37.44

7 Chutro Berberis aristata 9 3 6 12-47.5 32.61 3.11 2.30 4.88

8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 31 23 8 12-44.5 25.15 2.82 6.12 12.17

9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 34 7 27 16-47.5 34.69 4.62 9.26 27.39

10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 1 1 21 21.00 1.00 0.16 0.11

11

Guras Rhododendron

ferrugineum

5 1 4 22-38.2 32.33 4.20 1.27 3.58

12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata 31 8 23 18-47.5 34.09 4.61 8.29 25.28

13 Kafal Myrica esculenta 1 1 32 32.00 7.00 0.25 1.12

14

Kainyo Wendlandia

puberlua

1 1 13 13.00 3.00 0.10 0.20

15

katus Castanopsis

tribuloides

9 1 8 15.8-49 36.81 8.22 2.60 14.47

16 Khanyoo Ficus camia 3 3 13 21.67 1.67 0.51 0.53

17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa 13 7 6 16-42 28.36 3.19 2.89 6.16

18 Malato Macaranga pustulata 17 2 15 17-48 36.32 8.00 4.85 25.74

19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 23 1 22 19.5-49.8 40.12 10.00 7.24 47.76

20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 47 9 38 20-48 35.87 4.09 13.23 35.49


112

SN Local

Name

Name of species Total no. No of

pole

No. of tree DBH Range (cm) Average DBH

(cm)

Average height

(m)

Total Basal

Area (m2)

Volume

(m3)

21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides 7 6 1 14-41 23.00 2.71 1.26 2.90

22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis 15 6 9 14-48.2 29.06 4.27 3.42 8.92

23 Salla Pinus roxburghii 7 4 3 15.6-41.67 27.03 5.07 1.49 5.94

24 siris Albizia chinensis 21 3 18 13-48.5 34.92 6.57 5.76 24.57

25

Timur Zanthoxylium

armatum

3 2 1 19.5-33.41 26.80 5.33 0.63 2.18

26 Utis Alnus nepalensis 161 17 144 11-49.8 37.41 8.89 47.29 280.06

Grand

Total

500 124 376 34.41 6.26 135.07 584.62


The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short term in duration.


113

.ii. Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants

Among the enumerated NTFPs and medicinal plants, 15 species will be removed from their in-

situ habitat. Duuring the construction of project, 3 species of plant having medicinal value, and

having local significance and even having economic importance will get affected due to site

clearance during the erection of project structures (Table 5.4).


duration.

Table 5.4: Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants S.N. Nepali/

Local name

English

name

Scientific name Parts

used

Uses

1 Pudina Pepper mint Mentha arvensis Leaves Juice of leaves is used to cure of

digestion, asthma, and to regulate

urine.

2 Sisnu Stinging

nettle

Urtica dioica Root and

shoots

Juice or decoction of root and shoot is

used to cure for anemia, to purify

blood and for tonic.

3 Kus Sacrificial

grass

Demostachya

bipinnata

Whole

plants

Juice or decoction in given to cure of

asthma, jaundices and biliousness.

4 Kimbu

khaphal

Mulberry Morus alba Fruit,

Bark

Fruits are eaten to kill thirst and bark

decoction is used in fever.

5 Kali neuro,

Neguro

Fern Dryoathyrium

boryanum

Tendril

shoots

It is used for headache, fever and

stomachic disorders.

6 Halhale,

Halhale Sag

Curly doek Rumex crispus Root and

leaf.

Leaf decoction is used in cough,

constipation, mouth disorders. And,

root paste is used to remove the

complication of cuttings, wounds etc.

in the skins.

7 Ghod tapre,

Topre jhar,

Brahmi

Water

pemywort

Centella asiatica Whole

plant

Juice of plants is used to cure for

fever, jaundice and internal heat of the

body.

8 Gurjo laharo - Tinospora

cordifolia

Stem Stem powder and juice in used in

diabetes, body ache and for local tea.

9 Ganja,

Bhang,

Bhango

Hemp Cannabis sativa

L

Leaf,

resinous

exudates.

It is used for stomachic disorders.

Resinous exudates are used in

diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and cold.

10 Githa Air potato Dioscorea

bulbifera

Bulb Small pieces are boiled and applied to

kill of stomachic worms. For this

purpose the people eat it in each year

(May-June).

11 Dhairo Fire-flame

bush

Woodfordia

fruticosa

Flower Juice of flower is used in dysentery

and to care of bleeding in stool.

12 Chuttro Barberry Berberis aristata Root

bark

Juice or decoction is used for jaundice,

diarrhea, and fever and eye infection.

13 Chiraito,

Lektite

Chiretta Swertia chirayita Whole

plants

Decoction of plants is used to cure of

fever, typhoid, wounds, cuts, diabetes.

14 Bhyakur,

Kukur Tarul

Deltiod yam Dioscorea praeri Tuberous

rootstock

Juice is used to control pregnant.


114

S.N. Nepali/

Local name

English

name

Scientific name Parts

used

Uses

15 Asuro,

Bhasak

Malabar nut Adhatoda vasica leaves,

flower,

roots

Decoction of plant is used for cough,

chronic bronchitis.


iii. Wildlife habitat disturbance

Construction of project components will have an impact on the habitat connectivity of wildlife

species. Clearance of forest area of the national forest will have impact on the habitat of wildlife

due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding habitat and movement of short range wildlife species

will be impacted. In addition, the operation of access road during the construction period will

also disturb the wildlifes specially birds. The wildlife is noise sensitive. The increased mobility

of people and construction vehicles will drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the construction

sites. Increased noise level not only drives away the terrestrial wildlife but also adversely

affects their breeding behaviour.

Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of diverse types of

construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the water body of the Kabeli

Khola will severely affect the aquatic lives (flora and fauna) with limited range of tolerance.

The haphazard disposal of camp wastes and toxic wastes from construction is also envisaged

to have an impact on the night scavenging wildlife of the area. Food poisoning due to mixing

of toxic materials could be even fatal to the nocturnal wildlife.


duration.

iv. Illegal collection of forest products by the workforce/Increase Demand of Firewood

and Timber

The workforce and camp dwellers during the construction period may illegally collect firewood

and timber for their personal use (cooking, heating) or for project needs (timber). This will

further decrease the forest and plant species from the area and vicinity.

During the construction phase, construction workforce may be involved in the illegal collection

of forest products. As of date, the use of local forest resources is limited to the local community

consumption only under the supervision of KCA council, KCA, CCFUGs. With the access

road reaching near to the forest around the project area, it is highly likely that the forest

resources of headworks area will be commercially exploited.

The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term in nature.

vi. Loss of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Wildlife Species

The project may not directly affect wildlife species of conservation significance of the KCA as

forest habitat will not be lost. However, the KCA is home to a number of endangered species

such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear

(Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). Among the 10 identified

wildlife species of conservation category in the project region, none of the species was found

to use the forest area to be affected by the project as breeding habitat. However, this forest area


115

may lie within the habitat range of some wildlife. The loss of the feeding ground will have

some impact on the wildlife.

The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.

ix. Illegal Hunting, Poaching and Illegal Trade

Forest within project area will be monitored by the KCA staff and local KCA management

committee, KCA council. With better access road, the interest to wildlife product mainly, meat

of Kalij and Ratuwa may increase and it will induce poaching and trade of such wildlife.

Likewise, demand of forest products such as firewood, timber, NTFPs and some medicinal

plant species is envisaged to increase during the construction period due to rise in the number

of workforce.

Therefore, there will be impact on wildlife population and vegetation. Some part of KCA area

along the right and left banks of Kabeli Khola, especially around powerhouse area and quarry

site, is envisaged to be impacted more than the other area. Increased flow of people during

construction period may pressure the existing KCA staff, KCA council and local security

personals at Sirijangha Rural Municipality to carry out more and effective monitoring in the

KCA. When the monitoring for safeguarding the wildlife and biodiversity of the KCA will not

be effective and at the desired level, illegal wildlife poaching activities, their trade, illegal

collection of medicinal plants and NTFPs will increase. Such uncontrolled activities of the

people will have very significant impact on the wildlife of the KCA.

The overall impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent and short term in

duration.

x. Temporary Diversion of Water

River Diversion

The construction works at the river bed at the headwork is limited to water diversion while

erecting the dam foundation. This activity will be of limited to about 1 month or so in the dry

season. About 5654 m the river stretch will be affected by the water diversion and the section

may be dewatered.

Aquatic life like fishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of such section will be affected.

Increase in water turbidity during construction period will also affect the river stretch in the

downstream areas affecting the aquatic life.

Impact on fish species is significant as fish species occur along the stretch.

During the Construction of Headworks

Freshwater flora and fauna of the Kabeli Khola will be affected due to accidental spill and

leakages of oils, lubricants, hazardous waste, and direct disposal of diverse types of

construction wastes, head work site construction wastes, spoils debris into the water body

which will be severely affected during the construction period. The tolerance limits of

freshwater species will be limited by the extreme conditions. Thus the aquatic life will have

severe impact.


116

During the Construction of Powerhouse

Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of diverse types of

construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the water body of Kabeli Khola

may adversely affect the aquatic fauna.

The overall impacts of river diversion are direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in

extent and short term in duration.

xi Increased Fishing Activities

Workers may be fascinated to fishing activities during off time. Mainly the labour force may

be involve in fishing activities. Application of harmful techniques like use of explosives,

chemicals and electric shocks by the labours may lead to overexploitation of existing fish

species in the river. The impact is direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent and

short term in duration hence not significant.

xii Disturbance to Aquatic Flora/Fauna

During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction period

about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this section will be

impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be increased. Thus downstream

flora and fauna will also be impacted.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration

hence not significant.

xiii Impact of Forest Fire

The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate, and

settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed hardwood forest and

presence of shrub land and ground vegetation is significant in the area. There is fire hazard risk

but it depends upon the activities and their working area.

During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental lighting to the

forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light the fire to the adjoining

forest basically during summer season. Both bank of Kabeli Khola consist dense forest hence

will have significant impact.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent & short term in duration.

xiv. Forest encroachment

During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the course of

construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of trees may happen. Due

to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest encroachment by local people and workers

may increase in the project area in unnecessary forest lands. The highly valued standing forest

resources such as timber, firewood, litter, fodder may be unnecessarily harvested. Haphazard

clearance and overexploitation of NTFPs will make the cleared resources valueless to the users

and owners.

Nepalese forests are already suffering from the encroachment of weeds. Clearance of standing

vegetation along project area will provide grounds for the encroachment and is a concern of

short term, medium magnitude and local biodiversity loss.


117

5.2.2.2 Operation Phase

i. Disturbance to Fish Migration

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra), Katle

(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) are short range migratory fish species.

The construction of the diversion weir in the Kabeli Khola may affect movement of fish

species, especially of migratory fish. In addition, fish and aquatic life migration is influenced by

sediment, water temperature, stream flow, dissolved oxygen and other direct and indirect factors

which influence swimming capabilities of the fish. Since the water will be diverted, the

dewatered section of Kabeli Khola will have less population of fishes. These species occupy a

range of distribution in both upstream and downstream areas and will be isolated by the

construction of weir. The fish populations in upper section may become isolated from those of

downstream. These species occupies a medium range of distribution and can even survive in

the limited available habitat.

The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.

ii. Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Removal of river boulder for quarry, diversion of the river, reduced flow along the river stretch

will have adverse impact on fish and aquatic life during operation phase.

The magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long term.

iii. Disturbance to wildlife habitat

The increased mobility of people and operational workforce will drive away the terrestrial

wildlife from the vicinity of project sites. The terrestrial wildlife is very noise sensitive. Thus

increased noise level not only drives them away from the area but also adversely affect their

breeding behavior. The increased noise level in general and high pitch noise may drive the

terrestrial wildlife away from the project sites to a considerable distance.


iv. Disturbance to wildlife movement

The project infrastructures erected on the surface such as weir, settling basin, headrace tunnel,

and powerhouse and project support facilities will act as barrier or disturb the movement of

wildlife in and around the project area. The electric light arrangement will also be high in

powerhouse and intake area, which will disturb movement of wildlife in surrounding areas.

However, the approach for movement of wildlife is sufficiently available in this area as the

project lies in forest areas and there is no settlement nearby.

The impact is indirect in nature low in magnitude, local in extent &long term in duration.

v. Easy access to forest due to internal access road

The project will construct about 6 km internal access road that will reach adits, surge shaft,

construction yards and camps. Access road will provide an easy access to forest patch. The

area being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation of KCA will prohibit such

activities. With the opening of access road and commencement of the project operation, it is

highly likely that the forest resources of the area will be exploited illegally, despite the presence

of KCA.

The impact is indirect in nature low in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.


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vi. Release of water to downstream during maintenance

The project may have impact with regard to movement and safety of wildlife due to release of

water in downstream area of intake during operation. Particularly the low flow area

downstream of intake site will have this kind of impact. Due to diversion of water the discharge

of stream between intake and powerhouse will be change. There will be flow variation

downstream of the powerhouse due to release of water after power generation. The impact is

occasional and accident to wildlife is by chance or accidental.

Hence the magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long

terms.

vii. Reduction of Water Flow in the dewatered Zone

Reduction of water flow along 5654 m stretch of the Kabeli Khola will have cumulative impact

on aquatic life such as along the lower section of stream, impact on phytoplankton, zooplankton

and aquatic insects.


viii. Impact on KCA flora and fauna

The operational activity at headwork site has greater possibility of disturbances to flora and

fauna of nearby forests rather than in the powerhouse area. During the operation phase,

operation related workforce and their dependent could involve in illegal collection of firewood,

NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity would trigger the status of adjoining flora and fauna

badly. This will further challenge the management of KCA.


ix. Forest Fire

The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate, and

settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed hardwood forest and

presence of shrub and ground vegetation is significant in the area. There is risk of fire hazard,

but it depends upon the activities and their working area.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.

x. Disturbance to migratory birds

The birds, diurnal or nocturnal, take flights in search of food and other breeding purposes i.e.

bird movements are common for feeding and recreational habit. The forested areas are the

prime habitats of the birds. As the project area lies in the route of many migratory birds, the

clearance of the trees in this area will disturb in the habitat, nesting, forage, their behavior and

migration. The loss of the habitat will compel the birds and animals to move to other grounds

which are less suitable for them. Habitat disturbance will significantly affect the diversity,

richness, abundance and species composition of avifauna in disturbed habitats (disturbed forest

and agriculture). Such habitats will be severely affected due to dumping, blasting and road

construction as many avifauna are very sensitive to noise exposure.


duration.


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xi. Electrocution

Electrocutions are most directly related to switchyard, power transmission and distribution

lines. As the switchyard will be well protected the chances of electrocution to wildlife from

direct contact with high-voltage electricity will be low.

Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, site specific and long term in duration.

5.2.3 Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment

The socioeconomic environmental issues of the project were studied in an exhaustive manner

during EIA study.


i. Acquisition of land and other private property

The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent purpose and

0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes. About 6 km long internal access road

will be constructed to reach, surge shaft, construction yards and camps. 25 HHs were affected

due to land acquired and leased in Sirijangha Rural Municipality, wards 6, 7 and 8 in Taplejung

district.

The impact is direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent &short term in

duration.

ii. Issues related to livelihood of affected settlements

The construction of SKKHPP will affect the households of 25 families due to permanent

& temporary land acquisition and other are also affected due to their nearest settlement

within the project area. The livelihood of these affected families will change by the project.

These families will cope with the positive as well as negative impacts due to construction

of the project. The acquisition and leasing of private land required had already been done

with minimal impact on ethnic groups such as Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,

Mawo etc.

Table 5.5: Land leasing/acquisition cost of private land SN Land description Permanently land required (ha) Temporary land

required (ha)

Total (ha)

1 Khet 1.1 1.1

2 Bari 7.05 0.15 7.2

Total 8.15 0.15 8.3


The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & long term in

duration.

iii. Loss of standing crops

Permanent loss of land is directly related to the agricultural production or means of

livelihood in the rural economy. The major cash crops such as Alaichi and Vegetables are

affected due to construction of the project. Due to the implementation of the project, 2.19

MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28 MT of maize and 1.50 MT of Millet, 0.59 MT of

Barley, 1.48 MT of beans and 3.55 MT of potato will be lost. Furthermore, 220 Pole of

Bamboo, 1600 kg of Vegetable, 2.5 MT of Cardamon, 1500 pole of Nigalo will be lost.

And 2200 bhari of grass and 1250 bhari of tree fodder will be lost.


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However no monetary evaluation of medicinal plants has been carried out. No commercial

farming of NTFPs and medicinal plant plot will be affected because of the project. Further

details is given in Annex X.

iv. Occupational health and safety hazard

Construction workforce, especially the laborers are susceptible to injuries and diseases.

Workforce involved in new slope cutting will be exposed to typical health hazards.

Laborers involved in structural works will also encounter risks. Personnel involved in

handling of fuel, lubricants and hazardous material have risks of facing health hazards.

Working in dust, tree felling, spoil tipping and quarry/crushers will also pose serious risk

to the laborers. Poor drinking water, lack of hygienic environment in labor-camps,

unmanaged work-camps and haphazard stockpiling are the major areas that will increase

the chances of the workforce being exposed to health risks. Potential impacts to health are

respiratory diseases, eye infections, dysentery, diarrhea and cholera.

The impact is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short term in

duration.

v. Increase in pressure on local health and sanitation facilities

The additional workforces and their family from outsides to the local area will increase the

pressure on local health & sanitation facilities. Health condition of the local people is good.

Nonetheless, few cases of STDs were reported and AIDS was not reported from the project

affected area. The impact is envisaged to the public taps, sanitation facilities, and local

market. There is health post in the project area but emergency health services required for

the workforce is not available in the vicinity.

Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far as possible.

The project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar, Sukepani, Tarton, Selep,

Kisongama, Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining required skilled and semi-skilled human

resource may be hired from outside to the project site. So, the outsider impact is minimum.

Overall, the impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent & short term

in duration.

vi. Pressure on community infrastructures and resources

During construction phase, SKKHPP will have major impacts community infrastructures

and resources. In road network, we expect a flow of about 70 vehicles /day during the

period of construction period frequently. The movement of people along foot trails from

to proposed access road will not be disturbed by the implementation of the project. Rather

the project will enhance the mobility of the local people by constructing the new access

road near to the same alignment. Other resource such as drinking water resources will not

have any impact due to construction of SKKHPP information because of the sources of

drinking water quiet far from the project components. But, additional sources and pipe line

if not installed for the labor force the community taps will not bear the pressure.

The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short to long term

in duration.

vii. Impact due to conflict of interest

The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural background

may create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law and order situation in the


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project area. The anti-social activities such as alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking,

prostitution and hooliganism may provoke social disturbances.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent & short term in

duration.

viii. Impact on social, cultural and religious practices

There are communites of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo etc living

nearby the project area. Dwelling of the diversed community make the project area sensitive

and important from cultural and religious point of view. If additional workforces from

different caste following different culture and religious came there might be some problem

with in this society, especially on cultural and religious practices of these communities.

But since the settlement is very far from the project area and the camping sites will be

constructed in the construction sites, there is very less chance to meet the outside laborers

and local people. So the impact on social, cultural & religious practices of the locals is

very less.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude local in extent & short term in

duration.

ix. Issues on law and order

The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural background

will create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law and order situation in the

project area. The anti-social activities such as alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and

hooliganism may provoke social disturbances. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh

Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim,

Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,

Yamphudin are most likely to be affected.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & short term

in duration.

x. Issues related to gender and disadvantage groups

During project construction daily wages labor will be deployed for excavation,

transportation of construction materials and other construction related works. The

contractor especially the subcontractors may discriminate the women and disadvantage

groups (Dalit and Janajati) while hiring the workers. In general the employment

opportunity will be more to men in comparison to women in development projects

implemented so far in Nepal and this trend will continue in this project also.

The impact of the project construction is also expected on the poor and disadvantage

people who might be directly not affected by the project but affected in other ways such

as price hike, shortage of consumable goods, social inferiority and less opportunity of

project related benefits.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & short term

in duration.

xi. Impacts due to construction activities

Due to project implementation, major portion of headwork and water conveyance

alignment minimum impact will be arise during construction phase. During the

construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities settlement area will bear


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disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle movement, etc. Noise

pollution will be major concern during construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is

not desirable. Since, settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is

negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlife are anticipated.

Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles and construction activities

will affect these both settlements.

Regarding the impacts this is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &


xii. Issues of blasting and other construction activities

Due to project implementation, major portion of headworks and water conveyance alignment

minimum impact will be raised during construction phase. During the construction of

powerhouse and powerhouse facilities settlement area of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh

Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,

Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will bear

disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle movement, etc. Though noise

pollution will be major concern during construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not

desirable. The blasting activities during construction of would likely to exceed this threshold

of noise level. But, since settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is

negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlifes are anticipated.

Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles will affect these settlements.

Regarding the impacts this is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &


xii. Issues of foot trails along due to project components

Existing foot trails near the project area of the SKKHPP will be affected due to the project.

The foot trails will be used for the transportation of the construction materials and labors

to reach proposed site of project components. The stability of the foot trails may be

degraded due to this.

So the impacts will be low magnitude, site specific and short term.

xii. Issues on houses and settlements along water conveyance alignment

There are less settlements within Proposed SKKHPP, so no major impacts on house and

settlement.

So the impacts will be low magnitude, site specific and short term.

xiii. Impacts related to tourism activity

After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before. The

professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit

the area to see how the project is being constructed. This may create pressures in the local area

and local resources. Local resource such as drinking water resources, road and forest may

be impacted due to SKKHPP. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local

in extent & short term in duration.


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xiv. Water use right

The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water from

Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing purposes

or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.

Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence at the time of

this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not

anticipated with this project. River water is not used for any other proposes of water mill or

irrigation canal within the stretch.

The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &short term in duration.

xv. Impact of solid waste

Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and construction

wastes. Improper handling and management of these wastes can result in production of

unpleasant odours, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts and public health hazards.

Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly involved in

project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people

working in the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily migrate

to the project area during construction, including construction crews, members of their families,

and people who supply goods and services to the workers.

The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are biodegradable and

non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be a significant problem. However, if

the domestic waste is dumped in the streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of

dissolved oxygen in water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition,

improperly disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell,

and attract flies, rodents and other scavengers which could produce public health concerns, for

the construction workers as well as the local people.


xvi. Land encroachment

During the project construction, clearance of the land will be done. In the course of construction

of project components the possibility of forest encroachment, encroachment of barren land and

river flood plain may occur. The highly valued standing forest resources such as timber,

firewood, litter, fodder, NTFPs may be unnecessarily harvested.

The impact is a concern of short term, medium magnitude and local.


i. Decrease or withdrawal in economic activities

The project induced economic activities during the construction phase will come to an end

after the construction of the project. Significant numbers of workers about 300 workforces

will lose the project job and only few about staff will remain during the operation phase.

The withdrawal of economic activities will drastically reduce the demand for local

agricultural, dairy and meat products resulting reduced income of the local communities

of the area. This boom and bust effects of the project may also have some impact on the

lifestyle of the local people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.


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The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in

duration.

ii. Occupational, health & safety hazards

Occupational Health and Safety aspect is one of the likely impacts to be experienced

during the operation and maintenance period of the project. Access to electricity may also

bring some hazard associated to electric shock. Similarly, lack of training on operation and

maintenance skill and unavailability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may also

cause risks for human live.

The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent andlong term in duration.

iii. Reduction of agricultural land

There will be reduction of 8.15 ha agricultural land permanently.

The impact will be medium in magnitude, local specific and long term.

iv. Sudden release of water downstream during maintenance in the dewatered stretch

on the people & wildlife

The release of water from settling basin flushing will sometimes hamper the local people

& livestock rearing downstream. The dewatered zone section is about 5654 m, the impact

could be more sever near to the proposed powerhouse.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent & long

term in duration

v. Issues arising due to penstock/penstock pipe crossing & project structures on

springs & water sources

The penstock pipe has been proposed along the gentle topography. Crossing of Kholsis

and difficult terrain in penstock location may be challenging. But there is no any crossing

along the proposed penstockpipe alignment of the project.

The impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent & long

term in duration.

vi. Dislocation / disturbance to foot trails

Due to implementation the project, there will be movement of small vehicles carrying

construction materials and also the movement of labors to the construction sites. This may

damage the stability of local foot trails. In that case stability measure will be taken.

The impacts will be medium magnitude, site specific and short duration.

vii. Water Use Right

The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water

from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing

purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.

Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence at the time of

this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not

anticipated with this project. River water is not used for any other proposes of water mill or

irrigation canal within the stretch. The impacts will be moderate in magnitude, local in extent

specific and long term in duration.


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viii. Issue of increase in tourism/ecotourism and its associated pressure on local

resources

After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before. The

professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit

the area to see how the project is running. This may create pressures in the local area and local

resources. Local resource such as drinking water resources, road and forest may be

impacted due to SKKHPP. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local

in extent & short to long term in duration.

ix. Impacts to indigenous and vulnerable communities/groups of Project Area

During operational stage of project daily wages labor will be deployed for operational works.

The project area also dwells the indigenous group like Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki,

Bhote, Mawo which may be discriminated while hiring the workers. In general the employment

opportunity will be given to all groups and gender without biaseness. 20 permanent is allocated

for operational phase. So these group will be prioritized depending upon their level of skills.

The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & long term in

duration.


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Table 5.6: Impact Matrix SN Issues Impacts Qualifier

Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

1. Physical and Chemical Environment

1.1 Construction Stage

i Impacts on land use The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that

belong to the KCA. Hence the land will be acquired on the temporary lease as far

as possible. For example, the land for the campsite, construction material stockpile

area, etc. will be taken on lease only. The land occupied by the project

infrastructures including access road would be acquired permanently.

About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary

components. Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent

and 0.35 ha is temporary. In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha

from River flood plain under KCA) will be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from

cultivated private bari land. Temporary land will be restored on completion of

construction phase.

H (60) L (20) S (5) Significant

ii Impact on Topography The topographical changes will occur particularly in the headwork

site; headrace tunnel, settling basin, intake, surge shaft, penstock

pipe, powerhouse area, quarry sites, spoil/muck, and debris disposal

sites, etc. In addition, construction of internal project access road will

also have long-term effect on topography as excavation and other

earthworks area needed. Camp facilities during construction require

housing, office space and work areas. The landscape will change at

headwork, headrace tunnel, powerhouse, area for spoil/muck, debris

disposal sites and along the internal access road; ground elevation

may be raised by 5 m than the present level.

M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant

iii Storage of construction

materials

The total required materials for SKKHEP during construction of civil structures

will be 1075 m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand, 2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 MT of

reinforcement steel. Storage of construction materials will be carried out at

Powerhouse and headwork area. A total of 0.1 ha land will be temporarily required



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SN Issues Impacts Qualifier


for the storage of construction materials at stockpiling sites of both Powerhouse

and headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari) area will be used as stockpiling

sites. Leakage of oil, grease, cements and other construction materials to the site

and adjoining area will have impact on the soil quality of storage sites, will pollute

nearby water sources; dust and odor pollution are also other potential impacts.

iv Landslide & soil erosion

due to excavations

works

Although the bedrock is strong and stable, inundation of the small area at the intake

would invite slope failure due to soil saturation and water fluctuation. Slope

overloading will take place when side-casted at downhill slope leading to slope

failures and mass wasting. Disruption of natural drainage pattern will cause

scouring, erosion and landslides. Construction works related slope cutting can also

trigger landslides. As the project area has high slope gradient, landslide can turn

into major source of silt during the Monsoon increasing suspended and bed load in

rivers, sedimentation of agriculture fields, and clogging drains and canals.

Identification of unstable land and proper protection measures can reduce the

impact considerably. In some sections of the access roads, old and recent scars of

land degradation (landslides in the Yamfudin) are visible indicating that the slope

is naturally unstable. Side casting of excavated material, steep slope cutting,

improper drainage management along and across the road etc will increase the risks

of slope failure many fold. The quarry site located in the flood plain requires only

surface stripping operations and does not involve land stability problems. The

surge shaft portal, penstock pipe location, and power house require excavation in

a rather steep section and involving weak bed rock and regolith materials may give

rise to the land stability related issues during construction of these structures.

L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant

v Solid waste generated

from camps

Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and

construction wastes. Improper handling and management of such wastes can result

in production of unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts

and public health hazards.

Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly

involved in project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon

the number of people working in the project and, more importantly, the number of

people who temporarily migrate to the project area during construction, including

construction crews, members of their families, and people who supply construction

goods and services to the workers.

During the construction period, about 90 kg (assuming 300 gram for 600 people



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daily) of domestic waste will be generated by the workforces (EIA study, 2019).

The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are

biodegradable and non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be a

significant problem. However, when the domestic waste is dumped in the streams,

degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in water. This

will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition, improperly disposed

domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and

provide breeding ground for flies, attract rodents and other scavengers, which may

raise public health concerns, for the construction workers as well as the local

people.

Waste generated by construction activities includes empty cement bags and

containers, unwanted materials, packaging materials and frames, plastics and other

structures. This kind of wastes though will be high in amount, will be reused and

recycled, and will have low impact on the environment.

vi Spoil/muck disposal Huge amount, about 49,343.87 m3, of spoil/muck needs to be disposed off in

appropriate location. The spoil may be improperly disposed off on cropland,

forestland and riverbank as these types of terrain are around the project site.

Improper handling and disposal of spoil will result destruction of productive land

and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in the river with an adverse impact on

aquatic life, and scars in the landscape. Contamination of water and surface soil,

sedimentation of water bodies, erosion of spoil and gully formation may occur,

especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff.

For safe and proper disposal of spoil thus created, project has allocated 0.05 ha of

land area. For intake and powerhouse, 100 yr flood is recommended, as design

flood and structural safety need to be checked for flood with 1000 yr return period.

The land acquired for the purpose of disposal site is temporary. In general, the

impact due to muck/debris disposal in this project will be of moderate level

considering the project of similar sizes.


vii Leakage of oil, grease &

other chemicals

More than 15 diesel and petrol vehicles, including light and heavy, will be in

operation during the construction of the Project. Similarly, engine oil, gear oil,

brake oil, etc. would be needed frequently. The labor housing would require large

volume of kerosene for cooking purpose. The reliable power supply is required for

the employer's office, contractor's office, workshop, etc. for which operation of a

diesel power plant will be required.

H (60) S (10) S (5) Significant


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The project will store fuel, grease and other lubricants for 1 month in its storage.

The tentative quantity of the stored diesel will be about 2000 liters, about 50 liters

of lubricant oil and about 20 kg of grease per month. The possibility of leakage of

oil and grease and other liquid materials is high. These oil when spilled, spread

easily over ground producing human health and environmental impacts. The oil

spilled near the water surface will pollute the water surface and reduce the

dissolved oxygen content. The oil leakage will have detrimental impacts on the

aquatic life. The Kabeli Khola, downstream from headwork and near the

confluence, will be affected in such cases.

viii Change in river

morphology due to use

of quarry site

Two quarry sites and borrow pits have been proposed for SKKHEP. The diversion

of river flow together with the construction and associated activities may damage

or degrade the existing channels and springs. This disturbed condition may change

the river hydrology of the area.

The upstream of dam will be deposited with sediments as well as the sediment

released from the dam will erode riverbed changing the course the river. There will

be boulders, pebbles, and sand all over the bank and flood plain of dewatered zone.

Similarly haphazard extraction of materials or in excessive mining, will seriously

damage the local surroundings that will lead to slope instability, landscape

disturbance, landslide, erosion or box cutting of agriculture land, etc.

M (20) S (10) M (10) Insignificant

ix Impact on Natural

drainage due to water

conveyance medium

Water alignment has to pass through different features, slope areas, kholsi and

forestland. Crossing of kholsi and difficult terrains in some location is challenging.

Penstock pipe and headrace tunnel alignment has to pass through different gullies

and kholsi. The construction of water conveyance system will affect water drainage

system as this will disrupt surface flow which may further increase the instability

of slope and penstock alignment and other water passing system of different

lengths. There will be increase in gullies, soil erosion and land instability due to

blockage of natural drainage.

L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant

x Construction camp sites Three camp sites including contractor camp, labor camps and Engineering camps

have been proposed as construction support facilities during the construction

period. Among the campsites, one at headwork and one at powerhouse will be used

during the operation period also. Camp will be constructed on flat areas of the

forest at headwork and powerhouse. Camp and disposal sites have been considered

at the same place because of topography of the area, as it needs some filling

materials to make usable.

M (20) S (10) S (5) Insignificant


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Project will employ as many as local people to reduce the pressure of outsiders to

the area, also to minimize the impacts due to influx of construction workers. In

total, project will recruit 300 workers and maximum of them will stay in settle in

camp. Pollution to the nearby water source is most likely to occur due to the camp

establishment, land use change of the area and solid waste generation

xi Impact due to seismicity The project area falls in Nepal Seismic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic

risk. A design horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-

efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10. It is recommended that; at least during the

feasibility study stage an OBE value of 0.16 g be used for the Super Kabeli Khola

Hydropower Project. There is no exceptional seismic risk and no pending of water

to threaten downstream populations in the event of catastrophic failure of the 5 m

weir.


xii Impact on Dewatered

zone stretch

During the construction phase, impact on dewatered zone due to water diversion is

not relevant. Impact along the stretch due to contamination of water quality has

been discussed in different sections, viz Change in Water Quality, Release of toxic

and hazardous waste, spoil disposal, etc.

NA NA NA Insignificant

xiii Increased level of noise

and vibration

The construction activities will generate noise and vibration at the project site. The

main activities that will generate noise and vibration are blasting, use of batching

plants, movement of heavy equipment, activities such as drilling, blasting,

tunneling, vibrators, dozers, loaders, rollers, cranes, generators, and pumps. This

will disturb the present peaceful environment of the project area. Especially the

impact will be significant as the project area lies in forest areas of KCA. Noise

level above 65 dB is not desirable. The blasting noise level above 130 db can be

considered sufficiently high for human health. The construction activities of the

project may exceed this threshold of noise level, affecting human, wildlife and

livestock of the project area. As the project, construction site is near forest and far

from dense human settlement, wild animals will be affecting by noise pollution.


xiv Change in air quality During the construction period, activities such as transportation and handling of

construction materials, excavation, drilling, use of heavy equipment, and the use

of crushing and batching plants will generate significant amount of dust and

vehicular emissions (suspended particles, carbon monoxide, sulfured oxide,

hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air). The impacts on air quality

will, however, be of short-term in duration and mostly limited to the project site. It

will be most severe at the sites of crushing plant, concrete mixing sites, along the

L (10) R (60) S (5) Significant


131



access roads, in the spoil disposal area and in areas where major construction

activities will occur, such as at the weir and the powerhouse site. The movement

of heavy vehicles in project site is likely to increase dust and vehicular emissions.

The topographical condition of the site is a narrow gorge, which will restrict, to a

certain extent, the dispersion of air pollutants.

Other potential impacts on air quality are unpleasant odor due to improper

management of sewerage and solid waste, indoor smoke pollution due to cooking

activities. Construction activities will attract large number of migrant labors and

people who supply goods and services to the labor force. When adequate measures

are not taken to handle the sewerage and solid waste generated by this new

population, there will be a possibility of increase in foul odor.

xv Change in water quality The water analysis report confirms that the water quality of the Kabeli River at

project area is in pristine condition. However, increasing trends of chemical

fertilizers and pesticide use in the catchment area is envisaged to pollute the river

water in future with increments in the nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations

besides pesticides. The major contributor of the sediment load in the catchment

erosion is associated with the high monsoon precipitation. The project construction

activities are likely to increase the turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids and

BOD of the Kabeli River.

Disturbance of the riverbed, construction of dams, and the weir, disposal of

unwanted materials on the riverbanks, etc. will increase the turbidity, with

suspended and dissolved solids in the stream/river. Quarry sites are proposed along

the Kabeli River, thus water body will bear the impact. This will have some adverse

impacts on the aquatic life. However, the impacts of increased turbidity and

pollution will be medium.


xvi Loss of top soil Loss of top soil is calculatrd to be 5200 m3 permanently and recovery chance is

almost impossible. There will be clearing and grubbing of vegetation from the

project area for construction related works like formation of new alignment,

borrow area, quarry sites, increase loss of top soil from these sites. Headwork area

and facilities, headrace alignment, surge shaft, penstock pipe and powerhouse area

will have greater impact due to loss of top soil. The loss of top soil will decrease

the fertility of the land, thus reducing agricultural production.



132



xvii Issues related to internal

access road and

construction power

The internal project road will use the public and government land with the

displacement of private land. Further, construction of permanent internal access

road requires 1.2 ha land. Similarly, the construction vehicles and project vehicles

will use the same road such that there can be the occurrence of regular traffic jam,

road accidents causing nuisance to villagers. The associated impacts due to road

construction are temporary like increase in turbidity of water, mixing of various

wastes, air pollution, visual pollution, debris into river water. These impacts are all

temporary and occur only during construction of road. These impacts will stop

occurring on completion of construction of road. But adequate compensation to the

local people and management of traffic can reduce the impact to great extent.

5 Diesel generator of 250 kVA and 1 generator of 100 kVA power will be used

as construction power. Construction and operation of construction power line is

considered as construction phase issue of the project. The diesel generator may

produce noises due to which local people may get disturbed and also the wildlifes

and birds may get affected.

M (20) S(10) S(5) Insignificant

xvii

i

Issue blasting and

bunker operation

Storage and handling of explosive is risky and needs high level attention and help

of securities. Blasting during excavation works may affect the stability of the

surrounding area and blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition

due to which the local people may be affected. Therefore, this is another serious

impact that will be anticipated during construction phase.

M(20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant

xix Change in drainage

pattern

The project activities may damage or degrade the existing springs and divert the

flow of channels. The disturbed flow together with the damage in spring channels

due to construction may alter the drainage pattern of the area.

Gneiss is the predominant rock within the area with traces of quartzite and schist

in the form of fine partition and good enough in terms of stability. The site

excavations performed do not fall on the faulty lines and discontinuities. As regard

to the disturbance to the watershed/catchment area, the project intake lying in

between steep cliff of rocks, the construction activities are isolated from the river

channel that receive its water inputs.

The tunnel and powerhouse cavern excavation will lower the local groundwater

table considerably. Such lowering is expected within a region of few meters from

the tunnel alignment and powerhouse. Similar, observations have been made in

other hydropower projects. The springs along the tunnel alignment will be affected

and ultimately the user communities will be affected due to drying of the ground

L (20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant


133



water and natural springs. The construction activities, especially the construction

of tunnel and penstock, will disrupt the existing spring source and groundwater.

However, such activities will not involve high excavation and construction in

spring source.

xx Tunnel excavation

problems

As project has optimized construction of its water conveyance system via tunnel

requiring blasting and excavation work. Blasting and excavation activities will

have direct impact on the local slope stability condition. Tunnel construction works

resulting in the blasting, the excavation works and movement of dump trucks will

initiate spillage of the muck and spoil around the area including surface water in

the area. In case of ground water, as per the construction design, the tunneling

structure will not interface with the water level in the area.

The tunnel excavation will require control blasting that can cause small tremors,

dust pollution and instabilities inside the tunnel. When due attention is not given

during the tunnel construction, its excavation may cause collapsing of the tunnel

or subsidence of the land above the tunnel. However, the effect to ground water

will be low as the tunnel bed is located in bedrock-banded gneisses with partly

quartzite and fine partition of schist.

The areas for tunnel construction have not mismatched with the springs nearby.

The springs and the sources of water in the area are all located at the outskirts of

the tunneling sites. Thus, the problems of springs drying may not exist

L (20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant

xxi Vibration from blasting

and operation of heavy

equipment, vehicles

around the

surroundingareas

The impacts related to blasting have been discussed in section xviii. Blasting

during excavation works vibrates the land surface which may have direct impact

on the local slope stability condition. During the construction period, many

vehicles will be used for transportation for construction materials to construction

site of the project. Likewise, heavy vehicles like loaded trucks, tripper, excavators

and others will also have to move frequently in and around the project area. The

movement of heavy vehicles may vibrate the surrounding area and may create

instability, slope failure and soil mass failure nearby the access road

M(20) L(20) M(10) Moderately

significant

xxii Issue of handling of

explosive material

Blasting during excavation works may affect in the stability of the surrounding

area and blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which

the local people may be affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will

be anticipated during construction phase.

M(20) S (10) L (20) Moderately

significant

xxii Potential probability of

occurrence of

The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to

ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based

L(10) L(20) L(20) Moderately

significant


134



GLOFhazard

on field investigation and evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that

there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare

Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River Catchment. Most of the

lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not cause damage and

thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola

Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to

lower the water when an outburst will be of threatening level.

1.2 Operation Stage

i Changes in hydrology &

sedimentation

The upstream of diversion weir construction will drastically change the river’s

present morphology due to change in the river bed elevation. Within the diversion

section, between diversion weir and the tailrace, there will be considerable

reduction in the river discharge. The river will have only residual environmental

flow i.e. 10 % of monthly average flow (Table 4.7). The river flood plain will be

wider and chocked with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. There is potential of

colonization of the flood plain areas by hygroscopic vegetation. In the Monsoon

season, however, this stretch of the river will exhibit characteristics of river

morphology similar to that of the present. During construction there will be a

temporary increase in the sediment content of the river due to construction

activities. The transportation of loose spoils and muck deposits by runoff and

earthen materials eroded due to construction of access and internal project road

may also increase sediment load in the water.

The topography of the project area consists of moderate to steep relief with an

average hill slope of 65˚. Quaternary deposit consists of alluvial terrace and

colluvial deposit generated through old rock falls, landslides, hillslope scree and

river deposit. The deposit consists of angular to rounded boulder cobble and gravel

mixed with sand and silt which is also a potential source of the sediments. But the

bioengineering programs in the upstream of the project area and construction of

sedimentation basin can reduce the rate of sedimentation in the project area.

L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately

significant

ii Impact on Natural

drainages

The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contribute by the soil and rock in the

catchments area. The impact is residual in nature. Regular clearance of the settling

basin, gravel trap will be carried out during the operation phase. Thus, collected

sediment will be put safely. So due to this, the impact due to collected sediments

in the nearby natural drainage will be less.

Owing to the site and area conditions

M (20) M (20) L (20) Moderately

significant


135



iii Possibility of slope

failure at tunnel adit

portals

The excavation of the area during construction of the tunnel and tunnel portals of

the project may make the slope area weak and unstable. Further, the flow of water

during the operation phase may make the slope instable especially in the inlet and

outlet portal of tunnel. Due to which the slope failure, soil mass fall may occur.


significant

iv Noise and vibration in

powerhouse area

Due to the heavy machine running continuously while generating 12 MW of

power, the sound pollution is expected to be greater than 75 dBA, which will be

the major issue at powerhouse site.

L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant

v Change in water quality

due to reduced flow

The water quality of the river in the Monsoon season even in the dewatered zone

section (between diversion weir & tailrace) and below tailrace will be similar to

that of the present. There will be some changes in the water quality in the dry

months from October to June in the dewatered stretch of the river between

diversion weir and tailrace. Considerable volume of water will be added by the

tributaries, but the greater share of the water volume will be contributed by the

residual environmental flow of the Kabeli River from the diversion weir. The

dissolved oxygen level may slightly drop while the water temperature will slightly

increase than that of the present. Suspended sediment load in the river water will

however, significantly drop than that of the present.


significant

v Leakage of oil, grease &

other chemicals

During the operation period maintenance of mechanical equipment of powerhouse

needs chemicals, which may leak during the maintenance work. While sweeping,

such chemicals may get directly mixed with the water body unless preventive

measures are used.

When such oil/chemicals are spilled, they easily spread over ground and also

produce eye sore. The oil spill pollutes the water surface and the dissolved oxygen

content of the water body will be reduced. In such cases, the oil leakage ill have

detrimental impacts on the aquatic life. Impact due to leakage of oil, grease and

other chemicals however in Kabeli River during the operation period may not be

relevant, considering the leaked oil and the large volume of river water.


vi Change in microclimate

in the dewatered stretch

Slight change in the micro-climate of the dewatered section of the river between

diversion weir and tailrace is expected. In such section, the temperature might fall

by about 0.5⁰C in the winter season, whereas it may rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C in the hot

summer season (April – June). In the monsoon season (July- October), water

temperature will be similar to that of present. On the other hand vegetation growth

pattern along the stream alignment will be altered during the dry season, thus also

the micro-climate.

M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately

significant


136



vii Impact of Seismicity The project area falls in second seismic risk zone of Nepal having a moderate

potential seismic risk. The seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Super Kabeli

Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15 g – 0.16 g. Due to excavation works and blasting

works during the construction of project components like tunnel and surge shaft,

the slope may get unstable. And as project area falls in second seismic risk zone,

if earthquake occurs, the unstable and weak slope area may collapse which may

take many lives and damage more property.


significant

viii Climate change hazard Climate change will cause increased variability of precipitation events and will

pose significant problems for hydroelectric generation. The increased variability

of precipitation will result in more severe and frequent floods and droughts,

seasonal offsets, or the altering timing and magnitude of precipitation for

traditional rainy and dry seasons and peak snowmelt.

M (20) R (60) L (20) Significant

ix Water Use and Right The field observation and interaction with local community revealed that locals do

not use the water from the Kabeli River at dewatered area for cremation, irrigation,

micro-hydro, water mill and other purposes have. Therefore, construction of the

project will have no impact in this section of the projecct.

No Impact is anticipated

x Potential probability of

occurrence of GLOF

hazard

The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to

ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based

on field investigation and evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that

there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare

Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River Catchment. Most of the

lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not cause damage and

thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola

Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to

lower the water when an outburst will be of threatening level.


significant

2. Biological Environment


i Loss of Forest and

Vegetation

The implementation of the project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA

(Permanent: 2.13 ha and temporary 0.2 ha) which is under the management of

Conservation Area Management Committee of KCA. Of the total required

permanent land from government land, i.e 2.13 ha, 1.83 ha will be acquired from

KCA Forest and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA.



137



Of the total required temporary land from government land, i.e 0.2 ha land will be

acquired from river flood plain under KCA.

A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250

seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost from the

government land during the construction period. The regeneration status of forest

in the project area is good. Trees will be cut down in project main component and

along the project support facilities such as access road from Headworks, Water

Conveyance, Camp site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and crusher plant, etc.

Implementation of the SKKHPP requires cutting down of about 26 different

species of trees and many species of medicinal and non-timber forest products. The

highest loss is of Alnus nepalensis i.e 161 number. The project activities may

disturb the in-situ habitat of plant species along the project alignment.

ii Loss of NTFPs and

Medicinal Plants

Among the enumerated NTFPs and medicinal plants, 15 species will be removed

from their in-situ habitat. Duuring the construction of project, 3 species of plant

having medicinal value, and having local significance and even having economic

importance will get affected due to site clearance during the erection of project

structures

M (20) L(20) S(5) Insignificant

iii Wildlife habitat

disturbance

Construction of project components will have an impact on the habitat connectivity

of wildlife species. Clearance of forest area of the national forest will have impact

on the habitat of wildlife due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding habitat and

movement of short range wildlife species will be impacted. In addition, the

operation of access road during the construction period will also disturb the

wildlifes specially birds. The wildlife is noise sensitive. The increased mobility of

people and construction vehicles will drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the

construction sites. Increased noise level not only drives away the terrestrial wildlife

but also adversely affects their breeding behaviour.

Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of

diverse types of construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the

water body of the Kabeli Khola will severely affect the aquatic lives (flora and

fauna) with limited range of tolerance.

The haphazard disposal of camp wastes and toxic wastes from construction is also

envisaged to have an impact on the night scavenging wildlife of the area. Food

poisoning due to mixing of toxic materials could be even fatal to the nocturnal

M (20) L(20) S(5) Insignificant


138



wildlife.

iv Illegal collection of

forest products by the

workforce/Increase

Demand of Firewood

and Timber

During the construction phase, construction related workforce may involve for the

illegal collection of forest products. With the access road opening near to the forest

at and start of the project construction, it is highly likely that the forest resources

of headworks area the chances of commercial exploitation of forest product in

illegal way could be envisaged.


vi Loss of Rare and

Endangered/Endemic

Wildlife Species

The project may not directly affect wildlife species of conservation significance of

the KCA as forest habitat will not be lost. However, the KCA is home to a number

of endangered species such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red panda (Ailurus

fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer (Moschus

chrysogaster). Among the 10 identified wildlife species of conservation category

in the project region, none of the species was found to use the forest area to be

affected by the project as breeding habitat. However, this forest area may lie within

the habitat range of some wildlife. The loss of the feeding ground will have some

impact on the wildlife.


vii Illegal Hunting and

Poaching Activities and

Illegal Trade

Forest within project area will be monitored by the KCA staff and local KCA

management committee, KCA council. With better access road, the interest to

wildlife product mainly, meat of Kalij and Ratuwa may increase and it will induce

poaching and trade of such wildlife. Likewise, demand of forest products such as

firewood, timber, NTFPs and some medicinal plant species is envisaged to increase

during the construction period due to rise in the number of workforce.

Therefore, there will be impact on wildlife population and vegetation. Some part

of KCA area along the right and left banks of Kabeli Khola, especially around

powerhouse area and quarry site, is envisaged to be impacted more than the other

area. Increased flow of people during construction period may pressure the existing

KCA staff, KCA council and local security personals at Sirijangha Rural

Municipality to carry out more and effective monitoring in the KCA. When the

monitoring for safeguarding the wildlife and biodiversity of the KCA will not be

effective and at the desired level, illegal wildlife poaching activities, their trade,

illegal collection of medicinal plants and NTFPs will increase. Such uncontrolled

activities of the people will have very significant impact on the wildlife of the

KCA.


viii Disturbance to Aquatic

Flora/Fauna

During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction

period about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this



139



section will be impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be

increased. Thus downstream flora and fauna will also be impacted.

ix Impact of Forest Fire During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental

lighting to the forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light

the fire to the adjoining forest basically during summer season.


x Forest encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the

course of construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of

trees may happen. Due to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest

encroachment by local people and workers may increase in the project area in

unnecessary forest lands.


xi Temporary Diversion of

Water

The construction works at the river bed at the headwork is limited to water

diversion while erecting the dam foundation. This activity will be of limited to

about 1 month or so in the dry season. About 5654 m the river stretch will be

affected by the water diversion and the section may be dewatered.

Aquatic life like fishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of such section will be

affected. Increase in water turbidity during construction period will also affect the

river stretch in the downstream areas affecting the aquatic life


xii Increased Fishing

Activities

Workers may be fascinated to fishing activities during off time. Mainly the labour

force may be involve in fishing activities. Application of harmful techniques like

use of explosives, chemicals and electric shocks by the labours may lead to

overexploitation of existing fish species in the river.


xiii Disturbance to Aquatic

Flora/Fauna

During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction

period about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this

section will be impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be

increased. Thus downstream flora and fauna will also be impacted.


xiv Impact of Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate,

and settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed

hardwood forest and presence of shrub land and ground vegetation is significant in

the area. There is fire hazard risk but it depends upon the activities and their

working area.

During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental

lighting to the forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light



140



the fire to the adjoining forest basically during summer season. Both bank of

Kabeli Khola consist dense forest hence will have significant impact.

xv Forest encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the

course of construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of

trees may happen. Due to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest

encroachment by local people and workers may increase in the project area in

unnecessary forest lands. The highly valued standing forest resources such as

timber, firewood, litter, fodder may be unnecessarily harvested. Haphazard

clearance and overexploitation of NTFPs will make the cleared resources valueless

to the users and owners.

M (60) L (20) S (5) Significant

2.2 Operation Stage

i Disturbance to Fish

Migration

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius

sacra), Katle (Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) are short range migratory fish

species.

The construction of the diversion weir in the Kabeli Khola may affect movement

of fish species, especially of migratory fish. In addition, fish and aquatic life

migration is influenced by sediment, water temperature, stream flow, dissolved

oxygen and other direct and indirect factors which influence swimming capabilities

of the fish. Since the water will be diverted, the dewatered section of Kabeli Khola

will have less population of fishes. These species occupy a range of distribution in

both upstream and downstream areas and will be isolated by the construction of

weir. The fish populations in upper section may become isolated from those of

downstream. These species occupies a medium range of distribution and can even

survive in the limited available habitat.

M (60) L (20) S (5) Significant

ii Aquatic Flora and Fauna Removal of river boulder for quarry, diversion of the river, reduced flow along the

river stretch will have adverse impact on fish and aquatic life during operation

phase.


significant

iii Disturbance to wildlife

habitat

The increased mobility of people and operational workforce will drive away the

terrestrial wildlife from the vicinity of project sites. The terrestrial wildlife is very

noise sensitive. Thus increased noise level not only drives them away from the area

but also adversely affect their breeding behavior. The increased noise level in

general and high pitch noise may drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the project

sites to a considerable distance.


significant


141



iv Disturbance to wildlife

movement

The project infrastructures erected on the surface such as weir, settling basin,

headrace tunnel, and powerhouse and project support facilities will act as barrier

or disturb the movement of wildlife in and around the project area. The electric

light arrangement will also be high in powerhouse and intake area, which will

disturb movement of wildlife in surrounding areas. However, the approach for

movement of wildlife is sufficiently available in this area as the project lies in

forest areas and there is no settlement nearby


significant

v Easy access to forest due

to internal access road

The project will construct about 6 km internal access road that will reach adits,

surge shaft, construction yards and camps. Access road will provide an easy access

to forest patch. The area being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation

of KCA will prohibit such activities. With the opening of access road and

commencement of the project operation, it is highly likely that the forest resources

of the area will be exploited illegally, despite the presence of KCA.

L (10) R (60) L (20) Significant

vi Release of water to

downstream during

maintenance

The project may have impact with regard to movement and safety of wildlife due

to release of water in downstream area of intake during operation. Particularly the

low flow area downstream of intake site will have this kind of impact. Due to

diversion of water the discharge of stream between intake and powerhouse will be

change. There will be flow variation downstream of the powerhouse due to release

of water after power generation. The impact is occasional and accident to wildlife

is by chance or accidental.


Significant

vii Reduction of Water

Flow in the dewatered

Zone

Reduction of water flow along 5654 m stretch of the Kabeli Khola will have

cumulative impact on aquatic life such as along the lower section of stream, impact

on phytoplankton, zooplankton and aquatic insects.


Significant

viii Impact on KCA flora

and fauna

The operational activity at headwork site has greater possibility of disturbances to

flora and fauna of nearby forests rather than in the powerhouse area. During the

operation phase, operation related workforce and their dependent could involve in

illegal collection of firewood, NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity would trigger

the status of adjoining flora and fauna badly. This will further challenge the

management of KCA.


Significant

ix Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate,

and settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed

hardwood forest and presence of shrub and ground vegetation is significant in the

area. There is risk of fire hazard, but it depends upon the activities and their

working area.


Significant


142



x Disturbance to

migratory birds

The birds, diurnal or nocturnal, take flights in search of food and other breeding

purposes i.e. bird movements are common for feeding and recreational habit. The

forested areas are the prime habitats of the birds. As the project area lies in the

route of many migratory birds, the clearance of the trees in this area will disturb in

the habitat, nesting, forage, their behavior and migration. The loss of the habitat

will compel the birds and animals to move to other grounds which are less suitable

for them. Habitat disturbance will significantly affect the diversity, richness,

abundance and species composition of avifauna in disturbed habitats (disturbed

forest and agriculture). Such habitats will be severely affected due to dumping,

blasting and road construction as many avifauna are very sensitive to noise

exposure.


Significant

Electrocution Electrocutions are most directly related to switchyard, power transmission and

distribution lines. As the switchyard will be well protected the chances of

electrocution to wildlife from direct contact with high-voltage electricity will be

low.


3. Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment


i Acquisition of land, &

other private property

The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent

purpose and 0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes. About 6

km long internal access road will be constructed to reach, surge shaft,

construction yards and camps. 25 HHs were affected due to land acquired and

leased in Sirijangha Rural Municipality, wards 6, 7 and 8 in Taplejung district.


ii Issues related to

livelihood of affected

settlements

The construction of SKKHPP will affect the households of 25 families due to

permanent & temporary land acquisition and other are also affected due to their

nearest settlement within the project area. The livelihood of these affected

families will change by the project. These families will cope with the positive

as well as negative impacts due to construction of the project. The acquisition

and leasing of private land required had already been done with minimal

impact on ethnic groups such as Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,

Mawo etc.


iii Loss of standing crops Permanent loss of land is directly related to the agricultural production or means

of livelihood in the rural economy. The major cash crops such as Alaichi and

Vegetables are affected due to construction of the project. Due to the



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implementation of the project, 2.19 MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28 MT of

maize and 1.50 MT of Millet, 0.59 MT of Barley, 1.48 MT of beans and 3.55 MT

of potato will be lost. Furthermore, 220 Pole of Bamboo, 1600 kg of Vegetable,

2.5 MT of Cardamon, 1500 pole of Nigalo will be lost. And 2200 bhari of grass

and 1250 bhari of tree fodder will be lost.

However no monetary evaluation of medicinal plants has been carried out. No

commercial farming of NTFPs and medicinal plant plot will be affected because

of the project. Further details is given in Annex X.

iv Occupational health &

safety hazard

Construction workforce, especially the laborers are susceptible to injuries and

diseases. Workforce involved in new slope cutting will be exposed to typical

health hazards. Laborers involved in structural works will also encounter risks.

Personnel involved in handling of fuel, lubricants and hazardous material have

risks of facing health hazards. Working in dust, tree felling, spoil tipping and

quarry/crushers will also pose serious risk to the laborers. Poor drinking water,

lack of hygienic environment in labor-camps, unmanaged work-camps and

haphazard stockpiling are the major areas that will increase the chances of the

workforce being exposed to health risks. Potential impacts to health are

respiratory diseases, eye infections, dysentery, diarrhea and cholera.


v Increase in pressure on

local health &

sanitation facilities

The additional workforces and their family from outsides to the local area will

increase the pressure on local health & sanitation facilities. Health condition of

the local people is good. Nonetheless, few cases of STDs were reported and

AIDS was not reported from the project affected area. The impact is envisaged

to the public taps, sanitation facilities, and local market. There is health post in

the project area but emergency health services required for the workforce is

not available in the vicinity.

Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far

as possible. The project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar,

Sukepani, Tarton, Selep, Kisongama, Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining

required skilled and semi-skilled human resource may be hired from outside to

the project site. So, the outsider impact is minimum.


vi Pressure on community

infrastructures &

resources

During construction phase, SKKHPP will have major impacts community

infrastructures and resources. In road network, we expect a flow of about 70

vehicles /day during the period of construction period frequently. The

movement of people along foot trails from to proposed access road will not be

disturbed by the implementation of the project. Rather the project will enhance



144



the mobility of the local people by constructing the new access road near to the

same alignment. Other resource such as drinking water resources will not have

any impact due to construction of SKKHPP information because of the sources

of drinking water quiet far from the project components. But, additional

sources and pipe line if not installed for the labor force the community taps

will not bear the pressure.

vii Impact due to conflict

of interest

The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural

background may create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law

and order situation in the project area. The anti-social activities such as

alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking, prostitution and hooliganism may

provoke social disturbances.


viii Impact on social,

cultural & religious

practices

There are communites of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo

etc living nearby the project area. Dwelling of the diversed community make

the project area sensitive and important from cultural and religious point of

view. If additional workforces from different caste following different culture

and religious came there might be some problem with in this society, especially

on cultural and religious practices of these communities. But since the

settlement is very far from the project area and the camping sites will be

constructed in the construction sites, there is very less chance to meet the

outside laborers and local people. So the impact on social, cultural & religious

practices of the locals is very less.


ix Issues on law and order The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural

background will create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law

and order situation in the project area. The anti-social activities such as

alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and hooliganism may provoke social

disturbances. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu

Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,

Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,

Yamphudin are most likely to be affected.


x Issues related to gender

& disadvantage groups

During project construction daily wages labor will be deployed for excavation,

transportation of construction materials and other construction related works.

The contractor especially the subcontractors may discriminate the women and

disadvantage groups (Dalit and Janajati) while hiring the workers. In general

the employment opportunity will be more to men in comparison to women in

development projects implemented so far in Nepal and this trend will continue



145



in this project also.

The impact of the project construction is also expected on the poor and

disadvantage people who might be directly not affected by the project but

affected in other ways such as price hike, shortage of consumable goods, social

inferiority and less opportunity of project related benefits.

xi Impacts due to

construction activities

Due to project implementation, major portion of headwork and water

conveyance alignment minimum impact will be arise during construction

phase. During the construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities

settlement area will bear disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy

vehicle movement, etc. Noise pollution will be major concern during

construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not desirable. Since,

settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is negligible to

the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlife are anticipated.

Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles and

construction activities will affect these both settlements.


Xii Issues of blasting and

other construction

activities

Due to project implementation, major portion of headworks and water

conveyance alignment minimum impact will be raised during construction

phase. During the construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities

settlement area of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu

Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,

Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,

Yamphudin will bear disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy

vehicle movement, etc. Though noise pollution will be major concern during

construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not desirable. The blasting

activities during construction of would likely to exceed this threshold of noise

level. But, since settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts

is negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlifes

are anticipated.


xii Issues of foot trails

along due to project

components

Existing foot trails near the project area of the SKKHPP will be affected due

to the project. The foot trails will be used for the transportation of the

construction materials and labors to reach proposed site of project components.

The stability of the foot trails may be degraded due to this


xiii Issues on houses and

settlements along water

conveyance alignment

There are less settlements within Proposed SKKHPP, so no major impacts on

house and settlement



146



Xiv Imapcts related to

tourism activity

After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before.

The professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big

investors may visit the area to see how the project is being constructed. This

may create pressures in the local area and local resources. Local resource such

as drinking water resources, road and forest may be impacted due to SKKHPP.


Xv Water Use Rights The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that

the water from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting,

professional fishing purposes or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of

intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.

Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence

at the time of this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping

of coordinates is not anticipated with this project. River water is not used for

any other proposes of water mill or irrigation canal within the stretch.


Xii Impact of solid waste Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic

and construction wastes. Improper handling and management of these wastes

can result in production of unpleasant odours, deterioration of water quality,

visual impacts and public health hazards. Domestic waste will be generated by

the people who are directly and indirectly involved in project construction. The

amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people working in

the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily

migrate to the project area during construction, including construction crews,

members of their families, and people who supply goods and services to the

workers.

The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are

biodegradable and non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be

a significant problem. However, if the domestic waste is dumped in the

streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in

water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition,

improperly disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area,

cause foul smell, and attract flies, rodents and other scavengers which could

produce public health concerns, for the construction workers as well as the

local people.


xiii. Land Encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the land will be done. In the

course of construction of project components the possibility of forest

encroachment, encroachment of barren land and river flood plain may occur.



147



The highly valued standing forest resources such as timber, firewood, litter,

fodder, NTFPs may be unnecessarily harvested.

3.2 Operational Stage

i Decrease or withdrawal

in economic activities

The project induced economic activities during the construction phase will

come to an end after the construction of the project. Significant numbers of

workers about 300 workforces will lose the project job and only few about staff

will remain during the operation phase. The withdrawal of economic activities

will drastically reduce the demand for local agricultural, dairy and meat

products resulting reduced income of the local communities of the area. This

boom and bust effects of the project may also have some impact on the lifestyle

of the local people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.


significant

ii Occupational, health &

safety hazards

Occupational Health and Safety aspect is one of the likely impacts to be

experienced during the operation and maintenance period of the project.

Access to electricity may also bring some hazard associated to electric shock.

Similarly, lack of training on operation and maintenance skill and

unavailability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may also cause risks for

human live.


significant

iii Reduction of

agricultural land

There will be reduction of 8.15 ha agricultural land permanently M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately

significant

iv Release of water

downstream during

maintenance in the

dewatered stretch on

the people & wildlife

The release of water from settling basin flushing will sometimes hamper the

local people & livestock rearing downstream. The dewatered zone section is

about 5654 m, the impact could be more sever near to the proposed powerhouse


v Issues arising due to

Penstock pipe crossing

& project structures on

springs & water

sources

The penstock pipe has been proposed along the gentle topography. Crossing of

Kholsis and difficult terrain in penstock location may be challenging. But there

is no any crossing along the proposed penstockpipe alignment of the project.


vi Dislocation /

disturbance to foot

trails

Due to implementation the project, there will be movement of the heavy

vehicles carrying construction materials and also the movement of labors to the

construction sites. This may damage the local foot trails. In that case stability

measure will be taken.

M (20) S (10) L (20) Moderately

significant


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vii Water Use Right The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that

the water from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting,

professional fishing purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of

SKKHPP.

Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence

at the time of this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping

of coordinates is not anticipated with this project. River water is not used for

any other proposes of water mill or irrigation canal within the stretch.


significant

viii Issue of increase in

tourism/ecotourism

and its associated

pressure on local

resources

After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before.

The professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big

investors may visit the area to see how the project is running. This may create

pressures in the local area and local resources. Local resource such as drinking

water resources, road and forest may be impacted due to SKKHPP


ix. Impacts to indigenous

and vulnerable

communities/groups of

Project Area

During operational stage of project daily wages labor will be deployed for

operational works. The project area also dwells the indigenous group like

Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo which may be

discriminated while hiring the workers. In general the employment opportunity

will be given to all groups and gender without biaseness. 20 permanent is

allocated for operational phase. So these group will be prioritized depending

upon their level of skills.


Note: Scoring is done based on following;

Nature of Impact: D = Direct; IN = Indirect;

Magnitude, H = High (60); M = Medium/Moderate (20); and L = Low (10) , Extent, R = Regional (60), L = Local (20); and S = Site-specific (10)

Duration, L = Long-term (20), M = Medium-term (10); and S = Short-term (5)

Significance of Impact: Total Score: More than 75: Significant; 50-75: Moderately Significant; Less than 50: Insignificant. The points/scoring are taken from the National EIA

Guidelines, 1993


149

CHAPTER: VI 6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

In general the alternative analysis of a project is carried out to assess the technically feasibility,

economically viability and environmentally acceptability. The technical feasibility of the

project depends upon the water availability, topographical and the geological condition of the

project area whereas the economic viability depends on the project cost and benefit analysis

and the environmental acceptability is the magnitude of the project impact on the physical,

biological, social and cultural environment of the project area.

Consideration of alternatives is regarded as the "heart” of environmental impact reports.

Therefore, consideration of alternatives in environmental assessment process compares "No

Action” option with the implementation of the proposed action option. 'No Action’ option

represents the scenario of the existing condition, which means the condition without any

intervention, whereas 'With Action' means the condition with some intervention in terms of

implementation of the proposed action. Therefore, analysis for no action scenario has been

dealt to signal out the importance of the proposed hydroelectric project development in the

local and national context.

6.1 Implementation of SKKHP vs Thermal Power versus Wind Power versus Solar

Power versus Atomic Power

As elaborated in the opening remarks, the various alternatives of electric power generation are

available and are being utilized all over the world depending upon the natural resource base of

the country in question. In the context of Nepal, the viability of alternative is related with

various aspects such as its resource base, technology at hand, capacity to handle tail end

pollution, and above all the economics and financial capacity. Among the above parameters

for energy project selection, the most important are resource availability in country and the

environmental effects of the selected projects, which ultimately determines economic, financial

and sustainable capability of the project.

Hydropower does not involve fossil fuel burning and hence mitigates global warming. From

the environmental point of view, water based energy generation may be the best feasible

options since it produces a very minor amount of air, water and soil pollution as compared to

thermal power plants. To generate electric power, thermal power plants utilize raw materials

like coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, waste, etc. Nepal lacks the resources needed for thermal

power plants like coal, oil, natural gas, etc. and needs to be imported at high price. In this

situation, such resources will be very expensive for power production. Biomass and waste are

the other potential sources that could be used for the generation of electricity in Nepal.

However, the use of biomass for the electricity generation is restricted by declining forest status

and stringent forest acts & regulations. Though the municipal waste and industrial waste could

be the other available options used for power generation, the volume of waste generated in

Nepal is insufficient enough to generate the calorific value required for electricity production,

in turn, it induce a vicious circle to obtain more waste for electricity production. Apart from

these constraints, the combustion process of coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, waste, etc. of

thermal power plants releases emissions such as carbon dioxides, sulfur dioxides, nitrogen

oxides, and particulate emissions, besides thermal emission creating high consequence of

environmental degradation. Thermal power plants are undesirable in the context of global


150

warming as well. Thus, the high cost of fuel & technology and environmental consequence

reject thermal power plant in Nepal.

Wind power plants are more beneficial than thermal power plants on environmental ground as

they do not use fuel, and do not emit air pollutants, greenhouse gases, or toxic wastes, and do

not consume water or other scarce resources. However, the wind power plant requires regular

natural wind speed to be operated as reliable power supply system. The fluctuation in wind

speed from almost stagnant to very high speed in Nepal could prevent installation of wind

power plant at large scale for sustainable supply to meet national demand.

Although solar energy is effective on a small scale, it is not possible for large-scale

development purposes. The solar plant also has a number of disadvantages though being non-

polluting energy source. The limitations of solar plant are requirement of large area for energy

collection, high project cost, feasible for small-scale application and unreliable source of

continuous energy supply. The solar energy is severely hampered in cloudy weather and rainy

days marking it as unreliable source of energy for uninterrupted supply. Solar battery used for

solar energy storage consists of hazardous substances that require proper disposal facilities. In

this backdrop, the solar energy is not considered as a suitable option to meet up the present

energy demand.

The atomic power requires high technology, sustainable atomic fuel supply, and has a risk of

radiation leakage to environment. Management of nuclear power plant including nuclear waste

management, control of thermal emissions requires very meticulous management system and

knowhow. Above all, in the context of Nepal it is not an economically and environmentally

viable option.

Nepal is blessed with abundant water resources. The characteristics of the drainage network

and the available gradient make hydropower project most economical. Being a mountainous

country with deeply entrenched rivers with high gradients, the run off the river project is very

suitable in Nepal. As run off the river projects does not inundate large land area to cause adverse

land use and other socio-economic effects, they are environmentally least damaging to the

environment. For the above reasons, to meet the required energy needs and for commercial

venture, hydropower projects are the best among other types of power alternative projects in

Nepal even if they have significant impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Another energy option like

biogas is popular in Terai and lower mid hills for producing energy required for household

cooking and lighting. However, biogas at any case cannot replace the commercial energy value

of hydropower projects.

6.2 Technologies, Implementation Procedure Schedule and Raw Material

Construction methodology will be based on intensive technologies of construction equipment

and maximum utilization of local resources to the extent possible. This is to ensure lowest

possible cost for project development and ensure quality in the works undertaken. Due priority

will be given for the recruitment of local people which will minimize the requirement of

temporary camp, reduce fuel wood and timber requirement, enhance local skill and economy

and develop better relationship between the project and local people. This will minimize the

impact on local topography, structural damages in nearby settlement and unnecessary

disturbances to local community. Locally available materials with simple engineering


151

structures will be used for slope stability.

The estimated project construction period is 24 months from the date of commencement of the

work. The construction works are mainly of two types - surface construction works and

underground construction works. The surface construction works is to be carried out only in

dry season. But the underground structures such as headrace tunnel, penstock pipe can be

constructed throughout the year irrespective of weather and climatic conditions. All the outdoor

works including excavation and embankment works continue under daily precipitation less

than 5 mm and stopped under daily precipitation of more than 10 mm.

So far the construction materials, like cement and reinforcement would be purchased from

Pokhara. Steel plates, construction chemicals etc. would be imported. Petroleum product

supply will be done indirect contact with Nepal Oil Corporation or its dealer. Steel and

reinforcement will be imported from India. Pipes and Steel will be taken from the Nepalese

and Indian Market. Transformers, Generators and Acids as well as Lubricants will be imported

from the various parts of India.

The proposed site for quarry is selected based on the availability of required quality and

quantity of aggregate material. Since more than one site are proposed for quarry excavation

impact will be less.

6.3 Location Alternatives

The alternative options of different project components have been carried out considering the

following factors to select one best option with in the licensing coordinate of the project

technically feasible

• Economically viable

• Environmentally Sustainable

The proposed project layout generally consists of diversion weir, Intake, Approach tunnel,

Gravel Flush, settling basin, penstock pipe and powerhouse. Final alternative was selected

based on the project boundary, available information, investigation data and preliminary

economic evaluation by the team of experts.

The alternatives studies included selection of the type of various scheme, location of project

features, component alternative locations etc. Various alternatives schemes available within

the project area including that of the seasonal storage, peaking and simple run of river type of

scheme were analyzed. Likewise, best location of weir and intake, settling basin, tunnel

alignment powerhouse were selected from the available alternatives. Alternative analysis also

included the type and number of electromechanical equipment and units as well as power

evacuation alternatives.

Altogether three alternative options were studied. In all Alternative, Headrace pipe, Headrace

tunnel, surge shaft, penstock pipe, powerhouse and tailrace is proposed with all components in

left bank. But an Alternative I, is the most environmentally friendly and economic (Table 6.1).

The alternative layouts and design were done so as to optimize the Project keeping in view the

option yielding most promising financial parameters at minimum technical risk. Feasibility

level study has been performed for all the all options.


152

Figure 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project

Source: Modified from Survey Department, 1994

Table 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project Features Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III

Headrace

alignment

Headrace pipe and headrace

tunnel

Headrace tunnel Headrace tunnel

Penstock pipe 368 m long 320 m long 658 m long

River Crossing No river crossing No river crossing 1 river crossing near

headrace tunnel

Bank Left Left Right Bank

Anchor and blocks Requires more anchor

blocks and saddles

Requires more anchor

blocks and saddles

Requires less anchor

blocks and saddles

Vulnerability Non vulnerable from

landslide

Vulnerable from landslide Less Landslide Prone area

Stability Geologically stable option Geologically unstable Geologically unstable

option

Forest area 1.83 ha from KCA and 0.5

ha from RFP

2.45 ha from KCA and 1.5

ha from RFP

1.23 ha from KCA, 1.54

barren land and 1.2 ha

from RFP

Forest Area along

waterway

alignment

With less forest area than

Alternative II

Less forest area than

Alternative II

Less forest area than

Alternative I and II


153

Features Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III

Trees to be cut Total of 500 numbers of

trees greater than 10 cm

DBH will be cleared.

Total of 788 numbers of



Total of 356 numbers of



Private land 8.3 ha 6.5 ha 12.5 ha

Cost 2338.58 million NPR 3253.25 million NPR 2951.3 million NPR

Environmental

Friendly

More environmental

friendly

Less environmental

friendly

Less environmental

friendly

Acceptability Accepted Rejected Rejected


Based on the comparative cost, constructional and operational ease, hydraulic performance,

risk factor, social and environmental aspects, the first alternative (Option-I) was found to be

the most promising option. The layout of the accepted route is attached in Annex II.

Based on the above criteria and advantages, alternative I is selected, as it required less forest

area and minimum environmental impacts.

6.4 No Action Alternative

The electricity supply to local people is likely to help to switch energy consumption trend and

pressure on local vegetation will be minimum. Socio-economic conditions of the local people

are likely to increase through employment opportunities and income generation activities.

Implementation of project will generate 69.24 GWh energy. Generation of such huge amount

of energy will contribute to the national development. Project contribute significantly for the

reduction of imported petroleum products, and further contribute to the reduction of greenhouse

gases.

6.5 Alternative Analysis of Suitability of Fish Movement

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra) Katle

(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish species. In order to maintain fish

movement Fish ladder has been designed considering type of fish, their characteristics, habits

and environmental behavior.

6.6 Operation Procedure

Operation of the project comprises of semiautomatic control system. A team of qualified staff

will run the project and adverse impact is anticipated to the local population or environment. It

would rather benefit the local community through increased employment opportunities,

communication facilities and supply for rural electricity. The project will be operated as per

requirement of INPS. An Environmentalist will be hired to implement the Environmental

Management Action Plan (EMAP) during the construction phase.

6.7 Acceptability of Risks during Project Implementation

The project layout planning has avoided the geologically vulnerable area for its various

structures and support facilities. The dam and powerhouse is designed with a maximum

allowable safety net to avoid the risk of dam and powerhouse structure failure. While designing

the dam, risk of failure and downstream affect has been given the highest priority. As the

project site lies in the potential seismic belt of Himalaya, the design has considered the seismic


154

failure risk also into consideration in its design.

Coffer dam design is made on the basis of 20 years maximum flood in the dry season. The

headrace tunnel diameter, and construction strategy for example disposal of debris, have given

due consideration for risk minimization. Fencing provisions of vulnerable work sites are the

result of the various alternative analyses to minimize the risk to acceptable level during project

implementation and operation.


155

CHAPTER: VII 7 MITIGATION MEASURES

The section identifies the mitigation measures to avoid, minimize, and compensate the adverse

environmental impacts with additional enhancement measures to maximize the benefits of the

positive impacts. The project proponent is committed to the implementation of all mitigation

and enhancement measures illustrated in this section at different phases of project

implementation and operation. The proponent understands that any additional measures

required to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse environmental effect unforeseen in

this section are also its responsibility.

7.1 Beneficial Impact Enhancement measures

Every project has its beneficial as well as adverse impacts on environment and society. The

selection of right mitigation measures may decrease its adverse impacts and the properly

planned management may augment and enhance the benefit improving the living condition of

whole society. This section of the report gives possible augmentation measures to enhance the

benefit.

7.1.1 Construction Stage

i. Employment opportunity to local people

The first priority will be given to the locals of project affected areas i.e. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake

Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada,

Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,

Yamphudin who want to work in the project. The employment will increase the income level

of the people.

The Project will include a binding clause in the Contractor's agreement to give first priority to

the affected local population while hiring both skilled and unskilled labor forces and to give

daily wages or monthly wages equal to the district official rates. The project information will

be disseminated through pamphlets and other printed materials time to time. NRs 150,000 have

been allocated for the publication of pamphlets and printed materials.

ii. Increase in local skills in the relevant areas

The Project will launch training programs in specialized areas such as electro-mechanical

works of hydropower, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization, spoil handling

etc. First priority will be given for the project affected people and local people to the extent

they are interested to get involved in construction activities. The Project has planned to train

20 people in the hydropower construction related skills and the project has allocated NRs

550,000 for the construction skill training. Skill training related to the construction related

works of the project will be carried out as a part of Environmental Enhancement Program and

will be carried out before the start of the construction works.

iii. Enhance the economic opportunities (business, rental of houses & its impact on local

economy)

The Project will disseminate information regarding its demand of local goods, locally knitted

carpets and agricultural production. The Project will designate certain places, within the project

area, for the operation of tea stalls and grocery shops for selling only local products such as

vegetables, rice, pulses, eggs, milks, ghee, chicken, mutton etc. to the extent possible. The


156

Project will encourage its staff and construction workers to purchase local products in order to

uplift the economic condition of local farmers. The project has allocated NRs. 400,000 for

enhancement of economic enhancement.

iv. Community development support in the project area

The Project will allocate certain fund for training of community’s local farmers and traders

in modern techniques of cash crop especially cardamom and chiraito and livestock productions

such as yak and sheep rearing and in small enterprise development activities suitable to fulfill

likely demands from the work force. The experts from concerned field will provide such

trainings. Local people from Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar,

Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike,

Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be encouraged to take this types of

training. Marginalized groups such as Dalits, women, Janajati, indigenous groups etc will be

encouraged to join the trainings. The training will be provided once in the beginning of

construction phase. The project has allocated NRs 400,000 for the income generating trainings.

Further, the project has also proposed various community development programs related to

health, road, education and other community support programs under CSP programs. The

project will provide both technical and financial supports for these communities’

developmental activities.

7.1.2 Operation Phase

i. Promote Employment Opportunity to Local People

During the operation and maintenance phase, for the smooth operation of the project

components such as equipment and powerhouse about 20 permanent posts will be required.

Local people will be recruited for administrative and technical works according to their

qualifications and skills. Employment emphasis to the local people will be given. These will

give permanent income source to some of the local people. The project has allocated NRs.

300,000 for enhancement of promoting employment.

ii. Distribution of royalty for local development

The project has ensured the distribution of royalty for local development. The project will

generate royalty as per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074.

According to act, out of the total royalty paid to government, the project will pay 50 % royalty

to central governance, 25 % to the concerned provincial governent (state) and 25 % to the

concerned local governance. The main concerned will be for the distribution and its share on

project affected areas such as Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar,

Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike,

Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin of Sirijungha Rural Municipality.

iii. Retaining of national expertise & transfer of technology

The skilled human resource of the construction phase can work to the other projects of similar

nature. This will increase the national expertise and the knowledge gained during the

construction phase will transfer to the other parts of the country or region also. Thus, in general

the technical skill and knowledge will help to the development of the country. The project has

allocated NRs. 200,000 for retaining national expertise and transfer of technology.


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iv. Improved health and sanitation

The establishment as well as standardization of health institution helps local people to improve

their health institution. Health and sanitation training to workers during construction phase,

occupational health related training to workforce will further increase the health and sanitation

status of local people and area. In addition, the project will provide training to the local persons

that will help them to maintain good sanitation and improved environment. The allocated fund

for this will be NRs.250,000 .

v. Local area development & mainstreaming to the national economic activities

Under the community support program, SKKHEP has come out with numerous environmental

enhancement measures that are described in Chapter 8. The Project’s CSP program will support

the social institutions of the areathat will enhance their linkage with the Provincial and Federal

Government. Further, the increased accessibility, increased tourism and other benefit from the

project will help the area to interlink with the national economic activities in a better way. The

project has allocated NRs. 200,000 for enhancement of economic enhancement for this

purpose.

vi. Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project

Taplejung district is already a recognized tourist destination because of Great Himalaya

Trekking route, Lumba Sumba Trek. The trek starts in Suketar; passes through Olangchung

Gola, the Kanchanjunga Conservation Area and Makalu Barun National Park before reaching

the Lumba Sumba. The increased accessibility will help the tourist to reach the place more

easily. So, the project can promote the tourism and attract youth in tourism activities. After the

establishment of SKKHEP, many numbers of students and visitors is envisaged to visit the area

annually. This will create the local people for the tourism related business opportunities. Thus

it will focus for establishment of more hotel and restaurant in this area & also encourage

students & visitors to visit in this area. The project has allocated NRs. 300,000 for tourism

oppurtunities.

vii. Awareness programs for the natural resource management

The project will conduct our natural resourse management awareness trainings in coordination

with KCA officials, twice a year for the first two years, targeting the project affected Sirijangha

Rural Municipality. Each awareness training will be according to the advice of the Community

Forest User Groups and KCA officials and will cover 10 KCA officials and 20 local people

working in the sub-committee of KCA from Sirijangha Rural Municipality. Local community

will select these 25 local people. The Project will hire the Natural resource Management expert

to conduct these awareness trainings.. The allocated fund for this will be NRS 500,000.

viii. Contribution to forest conservation

With the availability of electricity, consumption of firewood and timber is expected to decrease

as people will have better options of electricity. In addition, awareness programs and

community support programs will also motivate people to be less dependent on forest which

will ultimately help in forest conservation.

7.1.3 Summary of Required cost for the Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Measures

The summary of enhancement cost for construction and operation phase is presented in Table

7.1. During the construction phase the project will allocate NRs. 3,870,000 for the enhancement


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measures. Similarly, for the operation phase the project will allocate NRs. 3,250,000 for the

enhancement measures. The allocated cost is one time cost.

Table 7.1: Enhancement cost for construction & operation phase S.

N.

Enhancement Measures Cost

(NRs.)

Construction Stage

1 Increase in Employment opportunity for local people 150,000

2 Increase in local skills in the relevant areas 550,000

3 Enhance the economic opportunities (business, rental of houses & its impact on local

economy)

400,000

4 Community development support in the project area 400,000

Total Cost for construction stage 1,500,000

Operation Phase

1 Promote Employment Opportunity to Local People 300,000

2 Government Royalty to local people -

2 Retaining national expertise skills & transfer of technology 200,000

4 Improve health and sanitation 250,000

5 Local area development & mainstreaming to the national economic activities 200,000

6 Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project 300,000

7 Increase awareness to KCA official and locals for the natural resource management in

accordance to advice of Community Forest User Groups and DFO

200,000

8 Contribution of forest conservation 300,000

Total Cost for operation stage 1,750,000

Total cost for construction & operation stage 3,250,000

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts

The report has tried to identify adverse impacts to the extent possible and has proposed

mitigation measures to each of the identified adverse impact. In addition, if there are additional

impacts or damages due to the project activities during construction and operation, the project

will mitigate and/or compensate accordingly according to the present legislation of the country.

7.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment

7.2.1.1 Construction Phase

i. Land Use Change

The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to

KCA and private land. Change in land use is the major significant impact of the project. The

2.33 ha land from KCA and 8.3 ha from private land will be converted to the builtup structure,

impact is residual and couldn’t be mitigated. The private land will be purchased from the land

owner and the KCA land will be acquired for the project in accordance with Standardized

Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076.

To minimize the impact, permanent land acquisition will be minimized to the extent

possible for the structures like, head works, powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge shaft,

tailrace, work camp site, project office and the access road.

Area required for remaining project activities and purpose such as contractor camp,

labor camp, stock pile area for the construction materials, borrow area etc. will be taken

on lease.

The leased land will be returned to the owner after the proper treatment/rehabilitation


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work.

Most of the proposed road alignment passes through less fertile land. All the spoil

coming from the slope cutting will be used in the landfill site.

ii. Changes in Topography

To minimize the topographic changes in the major project components like headwork,

waterway, and powerhouse, to the extent possible, minimum land will be used.

Landscaping of the debris and spoil/muck disposal sites will be carried out and land

will be rehabilitated. In addition, bio-engineering and plantation to these areas will be

carried out to stabilize them.

The change in topography due to erection of project component is residual in nature

and Project will try to minimize the impact as far as possible.

iii. Stockpiling of Construction Materials

For the mitigation of impacts associated with stockpiling of construction materials, following

mitigation measure will be followed.

Stockpiling sites will be properly fenced. Side drains will be constructed. Mixing of

chemicals to the water body and soil will be prohibited.

Terms and condition will be enlisted in contract agreement with the civil contractor to

minimize the impact. The leased land used for stockpiling will be restored into original

shape to the extent possible.

The project proponent will make necessary arrangement for the proper storage and

handling of construction material to avoid environmental nuisance. Proper storage site

will be managed for the construction materials near to the construction site making a

safe house.

For the storage of petrochemical the floor will be concrete and brims will be made to

avoid the overflow impact. Precaution and warning signs and firefighting equipment

will be placed at the storage areas. The private land to be used for the storage facilities

will be compensated and rehabilitated to its natural condition prior to return to the

respective land owners. The government land will be rehabilitated.

As far possible, the stockpiling of construction material will be carried out in treeless

area or in flood plain if possible.

After the completion of project, the land will be evacuated and changed to the previous

condition and will be returned.

The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the stockpiling activities and

stockpiling area has been incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the preparation

of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.


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iv. Potential landslide and soil erosion

The mitigation measures come together with the mitigation measures for the topography and

slope stability. Landslide may occur during the construction of different project structures

including access road, surge shaft. Such impact will be reduced by constructing gabion wall,

retaining wall and the most effective way using bio engineering of measures for unstable

slopes. Gabion walls, retaining structures, bio-engineering works are essential along the

internal access road and core project area such as headworks, settling basin, headrace tunnel,

and surge shaft and power house sites to stabilize geology of the area. Some river training

works is are also essential required in the river along sections along the powerhouse and,

headworks of Kabeli Khola. All possible and active landslide areas due to the project activities

will be identified and considered for treatment. The following measures will be followed:

Pegging and flagging will be done at the landslide area boundary.

Slope will be maintained less than the angle of repose to the extent possible, mostly

45%

Both vertical and horizontal drains will be provided.

No surface will be left exposed. Concreting will be done on steeper slopes.

Bioengineering will be prioritized as much as possible to the exposed slopes.

All vulnerable slopes that will create adverse impacts to the project structure will be

maintained by project itself.

The landslide vulnerable location such as pipe alignment will be trained by project as

far possible. Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection will be

highly emphasized.

v. Solid Waste Management from Construction Camps

Segregation of solid waste and recycling, reduce and reuse system of solid waste

management system will be strictly followed. Solid Waste Management Rules of GoN,

2070 B.S will be strictly followed.

The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. Because this is easily

biodegradable and non-hazardous, it is proposed to dispose by burying in pits at

distances of about 300 meter away from riverbanks and covering with soil. During the

preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made

mandatory.

Waste generated from construction activities that are usually inert material which are

non-biodegradable e.g. empty cement bags and containers, rejected material, plastic,

wooden planks, small structures etc will be stored out and kept separated instead of

throwing haphazardly. Some material (cement bag, plastic drum etc) will be sold in the

nearest market, while others (waste oil, lubricants and chemicals) will be reused or

recycled or disposed properly. During the preparation of contract bid for civil

construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.

Construction work forces induced liquid waste will be managed by use of soak pits and

septic tanks at safe distance from water bodies’ i.e more than 300 m. Open burning of

solid waste will be strictly prohibited.


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vi. Debris and Spoils/muck Disposal

The project will minimize cut and fill activities to the extent possible. It is estimated

that about 49,343.87 m3 surplus disposable bulk volume of debris and spoil mixed with

stone will be generated from the entire project including the internal project access road,

adits, Headwork area and powerhouse area. 0.05 ha land has been allocated for the safe

disposal of the generated debris.

The land acquired for the disposal will be temporary. In general, the impact due to

debris disposal in this project will be minimum considering the project of similar sizes.

The disposal sites are proposed in such a location that these sites are safe from

landslides, and other instabilities such as debris flow into the river or water bodies.

Furthermore, the total disposable volume will be low and this impact is not serious.

Prior to the disposal of debris, dry gabion wall will be erected on the stream side or

downhill and the thickness of disposed debris will not exceed 7 m.

Disposal of debris at other place than designated areas will be strictly prohibited. The

spoil will not be disposed in the river and the surface and slope of the disposal area will

have bioengineering treatment.

vii. Leakage of oil, grease & other chemicals

Following works will be carried out to minimize the impact due to toxic and hazardous waste:

Concrete structures will be constructed around the oil and grease holding structure.

Where oil water contamination is possible, water will be passed through an oil water

separator prior to being discharged to the river.

All spent grease and mobile and unused or date expired toxic chemicals will be

collected separately in plastic drums and stored in a safe place under the shade. The

contractor will be made responsible for this and will be bonded with the contractor

clause.

All empty containers of grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals will be punctured and

stored in a safe place under the shade. The contractor will be made responsible for this.

The unused chemicals, spent mobile, grease etc. will discharged only with the approval

of the project environmental officer approval and recommendation. The contractor will

be made responsible for this through contractual clauses.

The petroleum bunkers are placed in a separate area in a concrete bonded area with a

facility of oil and grease separator. The contractor will be made responsible for this.

The wastewater from the mechanical yards is collected in a separate area. The water is

treated for the oil and grease and then released to the water bodies. The contractor will

be made responsible for the required treatment arrangements.

viii. Change in River Morphology

All the activities within the riverbed will be planned properly during the construction

stage.

The contractor will be allowed to take out materials from the riverbed from the

excavation of the weir foundation.

Proper engineering design for sediment flushing will be done and downstream

protection by cut off wall and launching apron will be design for minimizing the


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adverse impact in the river morphology.

The riverbed will be excavated only in the necessary areas specified by the design

drawings.

Quarry sites will be used as specific location.

Maximum digging of quarry sites will not increase the 5 m depth.

Vulnerable sites created by project along the Kabeli Khola project stretch will be


ix. Impact on Natural drainage due to water conveyance medium

Newly constructed internal access road will be regularly maintained.

Side drain will be constructed along the road to minimize the erosion, siltation and gully

formation. Bioengineering and engineering design such as erection of gabion wall and

retaining anchor blocks will be constructed.

The project will not create major impact on natural drainage, water body and springs

within the project area during construction phase. Furthermore, headrace tunnel will be

anchored well so that impact on natural drainage will be not anticipated.

Along the tunnel alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the

blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such

site will be further trained with bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from

such site will be controlled.

x. Construction of Camp Sites

Minimum land as possible will be used for the camp.

Camp sites will be made well facilitated with toilets (at least one each for 15 workforce),

drinking water facilities etc.

The toilets will be constructed at least 300 m far from the natural water body. Direct

discharge of sewage to the water body will be prohibited.

Solid waste generated from the camp site will be collected in a safe location; segregated

and degradable waste will be made compost and handed over to the local farmers. Non

degradable waste will be collected and recycled or reused. In case of non-recycling, the

waste will be kept in safe location and later managed as per the suggestion of

Environmentalist hired by the project.

Discipline of work force will be maintained. Unnecessary movement of workforce to

farm land, cropped area, and river or forest area will be prohibited.

The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the camp area will be

incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the preparation of contract bid for

civil construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.

xi. Impact due to Seismicity

No mitigation measures are proposed during construction phase for seismicity impact. Since

the planning phase, design phase and construction phase seismicity issue will be incorporated

in design of project and strength of project component will be maintained.

xii. Impact on Dewatered Zone

During the construction of headworks and operation of Quarry sites, to the extent

possible, minimum time will be used.


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Diversion work will be complete in short time as possible.

The turbidity impact to downstream will be minimized and the sediment collected will

not be thrown in river.

xiii. Noise Level and vibration

The construction area will be fenced.

Ear guards will be provided to the construction workers in the noise prone areas. An

estimated 300 pairs of ear guards would be required in the project.

Large noise producing engines such as air compressors will be fitted with noise

reducing mechanisms.

All vehicles in the construction area will be maintained regularly.

xiv. Air Quality

The following mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts on air quality:

Water spraying will be carried out in all the gravel and earthen roads two times in a day

in the dry season.

All vehicles belonging to the project i.e. consultants, owner, contractors, vendors will

comply National Emission Standards and regular maintenance of all vehicles will be

carried out after every 3000 km mileage.

Use of breathing mask and earplugs by the construction workers in the dust prone

areas such as crushing plant, batching plant, rock drilling areas etc. will be made

compulsory.

Preventive measures will be taken to minimize the emission of dust from the dust prone

area such as crushing plants, batching plants etc. by spraying water or maintaining

miniaturization in construction materials.

Road which are used by heavy vehicles will be maintained.

Enough nos. of tree will be planted near the campsite and office work as dust screens

or arrester. The average distance between the trees will be 5.0 m.

xv. Water Quality

Water supplies to all camps for human use will be disinfected through the process of filtration

and chlorination and will meet the WHO guidelines with respect to total dissolved solids,

sulfur, sodium, potash etc.

All effluent discharges will be treated before discharging into the river or other water

source. Waste liquid from the batching plant and vehicle wash will be diverted to a

settling basin for treatment prior to discharge to the natural stream/river.

All solid and liquid wastages e.g. toxic chemicals, grease, oils, acids and other

materials, generated in the project will be disposed off in the land fill site. The

contractor will identify the landfill site in the early stages of project implementation

During the contractor bid preparation, the construction contractor will be made

obligatory to develop a waste management plan in which use, storage and disposal of

toxic, solid and sanitary waste and materials will be included. Dikes sized to contain

the entire capacity of tanks with sufficient free board to prevent over flow will enclose

the storage sites. The storage area will be lined to reduce potential surface and ground

water pollution in the event of spill. The used oil and lubricants will be collected


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regularly into drums/barrels or tanks. The settling basin will be used to collect the slurry

for settling the heavy particles and other material, which can be recycled or incinerated.

Bathing, cloth washing, defecating and urinating in the river will be strictly prohibited

to project’s work force.

xvi. Top Soil Management

The importance of top soil for agriculture and forestry purpose cannot be

overstressed. Deposition of essential mineral such as Nitrogen, Potash and Phosphorus

in the alluvium consolidated by hundreds of years of geological process is a very

important natural resource and mustn’t be eroded away.

The top soil (estimated to be 5200 m3) from the excavated places especially from

temporary land will be collected in permanent cultivated land near intake site and near

powerhouse site & reused after the completion of project work.

The topsoil will be covered by plastic and stockpiled over a drained area. To reduce

siltation problem, the soil conservation activities will also be implemented as per

needed.

Similarly, to minimize the soil erosion, site clearance will be minimized. Gully controls,

Terrance formation in required areas and plantation of extensive vegetation of local

species are the preferred activities using local materials (i.e. stones, bamboos, ropes and

jute bags filled with sand).

In limited areas, gabion wires will be used for check dam construction purpose.

Replacement of top soil will be made at the site of land clearance, at the top of debris

disposal area and plantation will be done. Such sites will be then treated by

bioengineering and plantation.

xvii. Operation of Quarry Sites

After the quarrying of construction materials land will be rehabilitate at the natural

conditions. Compressor will be used to stabilize the non-compact earthen materials.

Gabion walls will be constructed to check the mass flow from the uphills of Quarry

sites. The quarried sites will be revalidated where possible. To minimize the impact of

quarrying activity following will be done:

Quarrying operations in the flood plain will be stripping operation rather than forming

a big borrow pit at one location.

The quarry operation will not be carried below the flowing water level of the river

Excavation of aggregates from the river wet channel will be prohibited.

River flood plain quarrying will be carried out only in the dry season i.e from November

through May only.

The water discharged from aggregate washing plant will be collected in settling

tanks/ponds at a suitable location for sedimentation and treatment. The water will then

be released to the nearest water bodies. The contractor will be made responsible for the

required treatment arrangements through contractual clauses.

Masonry wall will be constructed to minimize the aesthetic aspect from the main access

road.

Preferably, less than 45° slopes will be maintained at the quarry sites.


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Drained water will be discharged into the river habitat after treatment.

The debris and spoil from quarry sites will not be deposited into the river. It will be

dumped in the landfill areas.

Aggregates will be used crushing the rocks and rock fragments generated during

excavation.

xviii. Batching and Aggregate Crushing plants

The water discharged from batching and aggregate washing plant will be collected in

settling tanks/ponds at a suitable location for sedimentation and treatment.

Plant species like Narkat will be grown to sock such waste water. After the pure

distillation only the water will be released to the nearest water bodies. The contractor

will be made responsible for the required treatment arrangements through contractual

clauses.

The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the batching and

aggregate plants area has been incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the

preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made

mandatory.

xix. Issues related to internal access road

During the survey, the most stable alignment was chosen to minimize issues due to

slope failure and landslides. Along the kholsis and probable unstable slopes, protection

measures like gabion wall, retaining structures, plantation of amriso and bamboo will

be done.

Proper water passing structure, culvert will be maintained along the kholsi crossing.

Sprinkling of water will be done during dry month from Mangsir to Jestha to minimize

dust emission.

Proper maintenance of vehicles will be carried out on regular basis. The generated

spoil, debris and waste during the construction of access road will be collected and

safely disposed on spoil disposal sites.

xx. Issue of Blasting and Bunker operation

Blasting for the construction of the tunnel will be done in day time only.

A separate Bunker House will be constructed and explosive handling will be carried

out with the help of Nepal Army.

Expert geologist will be consulted for the safety of tunnel and blasting operation along

tunnel alignment and surrounding areas.

xx. Change on drainage pattern

Newly constructed access road will be regularly maintained. Side drain will be

constructed along the road to minimize the erosion, siltation and gully formation.

Bioengineering and engineering design such as erection of gabion wall and retaining

anchor blocks will be constructed by the project.

The project will not create major impact on natural drainage, water body and springs

within the project area during construction phase.


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Along the tunnel alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the

blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such

site will be further trained with bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from

such site will be controlled.

xxi Tunnel excavation problems

During the construction stage it is expected that the noise level will be high due to the operation

of construction equipment, movements of construction vehicles, batching plants, etc. In order

to minimize such noise pollution, following measures have to be taken into consideration.

Inform the local people about the tunnel excavation activities.


estimated 600 pair of ear guards would be required in the project.

Blasting activities will be carried out at the day time only

Tunnel will be fitted with the noise soaking device.

xxii Vibration from operation of heavy equipment, vehicles around the surrounding areas

Following works will be carried out to minimize the impact due to vibration and operation of

heavy equipment operation:

The construction area will be fenced to the extent possible.


estimated 300 nos. of ear guards would be required in the project.

Large noise producing engines such as air compressors will be fitted with noise

reducing mechanisms.

All vehicles in the construction area will be maintained regularly.

Surface blasting activities will be carried out at the day time only

xxiii. Issue of handling of explosive material

One separate Bunker house will be constructed for the safe storage of explosives and detonators

needed for the project. Such site will be established at Powerhouse site and the required

materials will be supplied to the necessary sites.

Storage area will be protected and proper sign will be placed indicating explosion risk.

Handling of Explosives will be carried out in collaboration with Nepal Army.

Necessary legal procedure as per Explosive Act, 2018 B.S. will be carried out by

project.

Smoking should not be allowed during handling of explosive materials.

Proper personal protective equipment (such as safety glass, full face shield etc.,) should

use before handling explosive materials.

Cases of explosives will only be opened by means of brass or wooden wedges and

wooden mallets.

Separate dedicated vehicles will be used for the transportation of Explosive materials and will

only be done under the care of Nepal Army.


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xxiv. Potential probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard

The project region lies in high altitude and snow fall along the area is common. Weathering of

the rocks due to snow fall and snow melting is common in the area. Therefore, fracture of joints

and failures are anticipated. Surface structures of the project will be damaged due to rock fall,

toppling etc. Hazards to the people and wildlife are also anticipated. However, it takes a

significant time for the joint to be fractured. For the safety, surface structures has been

incorporated in project design and planning. Furthermore, moraine dam, retaining structures,

bioengineering techniques will be constructed to reduce impact caused Timbu Pokhari, Hadi

Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari and Chhahare Pokhari Glacier Lake Outburst is

threatening to project affected settlements. Following mitigation measures will be carried out

to mitigate impact caused by Glacier Lake Outburst Flood.

Evacuation plan for existing GLOF will be done.

Early warning systems will be established in affected nearby settlement areas.





Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection near Glacier Lake

will be highly emphasized.


After construction, the project enters operation and maintenance stage and power is regularly

generated from the powerhouse. During this stage, the following impacts are likely to occur:

i. Change in Hydrology and Sedimentation

The impact is residual in nature and couldn’t be mitigated. To maintain and support to the

hydrology additional watershed management activities will be carried out.

The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contributed by the soil and rock in the

catchments area.

Considering the risk associated with sediment flow, the watershed protection works of the

Kabeli Khola will be carried out. Even if the catchment conservation program will be

launched, the impact couldn’t be mitigated completely and the impact is residual in nature.

Regular clearance of the settling basin will be carried out during the operation phase and

the collected sediment will be managed safely.

Watershed management program will be carried out to minimize the sedimentation rate

during the rainy season. To minimize the impact on micro-climate mandatory release of

10% of monthly flow water from the weir axis will be made.

Conservation awareness programs like awareness of planation in barren land in watershed

area to conserve the micro watershed will be carried out so that the discharge from such

springs will be permanent and contribute to reduce the micro-climatic impact of Kabeli

Khola.

The project will release 10% of monthly flow which will be releases in dewatered zone.

However, the impact on river flow and morphology is a residual impact after the diversion

of the project and couldn’t be mitigated completely.


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ii. Impact on natural drainage, and springs due to tunnel crossing

Along the penstock pipe/penstock alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked.

Along the blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained.

Such site will be further trained with bioengineering and concrete retaining so that erosion

from such site will be controlled.

Natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the blocked location drainage and safe

handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such site will be further trained with

bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from such site is controlled.

iii. Possible Slope Failure and Damage to the Project Structure

Annual monitoring of slope stability will be carried out along the water way, headworks

and powerhouse area.

The vulnerable slopes which will have direct impact on the project operation will be

treated.

Bio-engineering works and concrete structures will be set up to stabilize the landslide

just upstream of the weir site for the landslide prone area.

iv. Sound Pollution at Powerhouse

The noise impact from the powerhouse during the operation of the project will be reduced by

installing sound proof and noise aquatics system in powerhouse.

v. Water Pollution

Water pollution during operation phase is envisaged due to continuous desander

flushing/trapped gravel. This is a residual impact, but the impact will be minimized by

constructing a ditch to collect the sand and aggregate before reaching to the stream.

Thus collected sediment will be the safely collected and transferred to the safe place.

vi. Leakage of Oil grease and other Chemicals

During the operation phase leakage of chemicals, oils, grease is most likely in

powerhouse area during the maintenance of powerhouse mechanical components.

Due to the chemicals leakage Kabeli Khola is most likely to be polluted.

To minimize the impact, during the maintenance period chemical socking materials

will be put at the ground and then later such used materials will be safely disposed or

buried.

vii. Possible Damage to Power Generation Turbines due to Sand Particles

Regular efficient flushing/trapping of sediments from settling basin will be carried out

periodically and regular maintenance of the equipment will be carried out to avoid the

serious damage to the plant.

viii. Change in microclimate in the dewatered stretch

Due to the diversion of water from intake of Kabeli River to powerhouse, the water

regime at the downstream of the weir will be changed.

The project will release 24 hours a day 10% of the mean monthly flow in the dry season

as regulated environmental flow in the downstream section of the dam to upkeep the

existing microclimate of the stretch to a minimum threshold of thriving.


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The project design will incorporate a system design to release the stipuated

environmental flow for all times of project operation from November through May.

vii. Seismicity

The planning phase, design phase and construction phase seismicity issue will be incorporated

in design of project and strength of project component will be maintained.

viii. Impact Due to Climate Change Hazard

Climate change hazard is grossly a dynamic phenomenon and unpredictable and the project

cannot reduce the effect of climate completely erratic rain and cloud burst landslide along the

catchment can occur. That will increase the sedimentation risk at headworks area. To minimize

the risk, regular monitoring of catchment will be carried out to control climate induced

sedimentation.

In addition, project will also perform compensatory plantation (details given in Biological

Mitigation Method, section 7.2.2.1-i). In addition, watershed management programs (Refer

Table 9.19), livelihood enhancement programs to the locals and trainings on modern

agricultural practice will be also a part of the mitigation against climate change hazards.

ix. Water Use and Right

Water from Kabeli River is not used for cremation sites, irrrigation, micro-hydro plant, water

mill and other purposes at dewatered area. Therefore, no mitigation measures have been

proposed.

x. Potential probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard

The project region lies in high altitude and snow fall along the area is common. Weathering of

the rocks due to snow fall and snow melting is common in the area. Therefore, fracture of joints

and failures are anticipated. Surface structures of the project will be damaged due to rock fall,

toppling etc. Hazards to the people and wildlife are also anticipated. However, it takes a

significant time for the joint to be fractured. For the safety, surface structures has been

incorporated in project design and planning. Furthermore, moraine dam, retaining structures,

bioengineering techniques will be constructed to reduce impact caused Timbu Pokhari, Hadi

Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari and Chhahare Pokhari Glacier Lake Outburst is

threatening to project affected settlements.Following mitigation measures will be carried out

to mitigate impact caused by Glacier Lake Outburst Flood.

Evacuation plan fro existing GLOF will be done.

Early warning systems will be established in affected nearby settlement areas.





Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection near Glacier Lake

will be highly emphasized.

xi. Electrocution Hazards

The mitigation measures to prevent electrocution hazards includes:

Use of signs, barriers (e.g. locks on doors, use of gates, use of steel posts surrounding


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transmission towers, particularly in urban areas), and education / public outreach to

prevent public contact with potentially dangerous equipment;

Grounding conducting objects (e.g. fences or other metallic structures) installed near

power lines, to prevent shock.


The major environmental concern for the biological environment is the influence of the project

workforce and the allied people influx in the construction sites located within KCA. The other

issue of concern is the loss of the forest area and standing forest. For impacts related to

biological environment, mitigation measures are proposed as below.


i. Loss of Forest and Vegetation

Efforts have been made to minimize the forest area and vegetation loss while planning the

project structures and facilities. However, avoidance of the forested areas and vegetation is

not possible due to the project key structural locations determined by geology and other

design parameters.

However, to minimize the loss of forest area and vegetation following mitigation measures

will be implemented in the Project Rural Municipality.

Compensatory afforestation, minimum site clearance by stripping and removal of trees only

in necessary areas will be carried by the project. The Proponent will also implement

compensatory measure for this loss.

Based on the government's recent policy (Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure

Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065, Standardized Guidelines for

Handing over the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076 and Forest Act,

2075) decision of compensatory plantation, the project will plant 12,500 seedlings (1:25

ratio) as compensation for loss of 500 trees and 3728 seedling will be planted in the

compensated land for the using 2.33 ha KCA land permanently (i.e. 1600 seedlings per

hectares).

The Project will manage the plantation area for 5 years and handover the plantation forests

to the concern agencies (KCA). With due consideration on possible survival rate of the

sapling to be planted, the Project will allocate necessary budget for re-planting of necessary

seedlings. In addition, replacement plantation will be done for those saplings that will die

within five years.

The required tree species will be cleared after the approval from GoN and in close

coordination with KCA, KCA council.

The cleared volume of trees (stocks) will be cleared, transported by the project on its own

cost as recommended by KCA, KCA council. The cost required for the compensatory

plantation and enhancement plantation has been allocated.

Table 7.2: Cost associated with Afforestation Plan of the lost trees S

N

Tasks Rate (NRs) Total Cost

(NRs)

Time

1 Land Preparation for Nursery LS 3,000,000 During Construction

2 Nursery Establishment LS 2,500,000 “”


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S

N

Tasks Rate (NRs) Total Cost

(NRs)

Time

3 Preparation of Plantation Area LS 1,500,000 “”

4 Plantation of seedlings LS 1,000,000 “”

5 Fencing of plantation area and fencing

each seedlings

2,000,000

5 Rearing of Seedlings for 5 years

(Mulching, watering and salary for 10

Heralu)

LS 13,000,000 Until 5 years in

operation phase also

Total 23,000,000


Table 7.3: Land Lease cost for Government Land SN Land

description

Total land

requirement (ha)

Total land value Remarks

1 Land leasement

for 35 years

2.130 260,925 includes incremental cost

2 Land leasement

for 4 years

0.200 2,800

Total 2.330 263,725


Table 7.4: Land Purchase Cost for Land to Land Replacement of Forest Area Used S

N

Land

description

Total land requirement

(ha)

Unit

rate/ha

Total land

value

Remarks

1 Permanent 2.130 6,500,000 13,845,000 only for permanent

land

2 Temporary

0.200 4,500,000 900,000

Total 2.330 14,745,000


ii. Impact related to access road, and construction power

Access road

Among 500 trees to be cut for the implementation of the project, 52 trees (21 pole and 31 tree)

will be cut for access road only and the project will implement compensatory plantation of

1:25. (i.e., plantation of 1300 as compensation for loss of 52 trees).

Cost for the plantation seedling is included in Table 7.2.

Project will also plant the seedling of lost orchids and other NTFPS/MAPs species with the

close coordination with KCA management committee (further mitigation measures are

provided in 7.2.2.1-iii). Cost for the plantation of orchid and NTFPs/MAPs are included in

section 7.2.2.1-iii.

As much as possible forest will be avoided during the land clearing/pre-construction activities

time to minimize the damage on forest considering geology and other design parameters.

Compensatory plantation will be done for the cut tree for the construction of the road.

Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce.

Labor force will be prohibited for the collection of non-timber forest products.

Informative and warning sign at centrally located construction site will be placed to

create local awareness.


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Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers not

to use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust

minimization precautions.

Purchasing and sale and transfer of illegally hunted wildlife products will be strictly

prohibited

To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity including rare and endangered flora and

fauna in KCA, Conservation Community Forests and the project will closely work with

KCA council.

The proponent will launch various awareness and rehabilitation programs. People and

workers will be made aware; guidelines will be developed for the handling and

managing as well as for protection of rare and endangered species.

iii. Harvesting of Non- Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plants/Loss of Biodiversity

(Rare/Endangered/Endemic Plant and Animals)

Labor force will be prohibited for the collection of non-timber forest products. Informative and

warning sign at centrally located construction site will be placed to create local awareness. The

cost for the construction of information board about the awareness creation against illegal

activities will be allocated by the project.

The following measures/task will be implemented so that cumulative, direct and indirect impact

on forest resources, medicinal plants, NTFPs could be reduced:

Provision of kerosene to the workforce for cooking:

Provision for camp lodging to the outside workforce with a common LPG cooking

facility:

Prohibition on the sale and purchase of the local NTFPs and fishes in the camps

Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce:

Discourage the construction of huts/houses of the laborers.

Collect necessary information on timber and firewood demand of tea stalls, restaurants,

and lodges located within 1 km on all sides of the core Project area.

Encourage community people to operate firewood depot and/or kerosene depot near the

Project site for worker's use.

Keep records, monitor about the energy used by the construction workers, and

document it in the monitoring reports.

Instruct the contractor to discontinue worker’s service who involved in illegal collection

and sale of forest products.

Despite the above measures, there will be some residual ecological effects of forest

clearance for the structures and facilities and will remain as residual impact for a period

of 20 to 30 years till the afforested forest matures.

iv. Increase in demand of Firewood and Timber

In order to minimize the need of forest products central dining facility for the work force is

proposed. The subcontractor will run this and kerosene or LP gas will be used to meet its fuel

requirements. During the construction of temporary and permanent housing facilities and other

structures the use of timber will be minimized and the use of alternative construction materials


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will be encouraged. Due priority will be given to local people so as to avoid building of more

huts and influx of labor force from outside.

Following measures will be carried out to minimize the impact:

Provision of kerosene/LP Gas to the workforce for cooking so that demand of firewood

will be reduced /minimize.

Provision for camp lodging to the outside workforce with a common LPG cooking

facility.

Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce.

vi. Wildlife habitat disturbance

The project site is a prime habitat of the wildlife as well as a movement corridor. Obstruction

on the movement and reproduction of wildlife due to establishment of project will remain as a

residual impact until the project operation. During the whole project life, the major disturbances

will arise due to the construction activities to local people, wild or domestic animals, and

vegetation. This impact could not be prevented but will be minimized by using different

precautions and methods.

Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers not to

use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust minimization

precautions, etc.

All the project activities will be regularized according to the prevailing legislation mainly

related to the forest acts, aquatic animal’s protection act, forestry regulation, etc. to avoid

illegal activities if any.

The Project will inform the laborers, drivers, or other employed staff timely about the

importance of conserving species by training, publishing and distributing "Do and Don't

Do" brochures or the code of conduct.

If any laborer or his/her dependents are found involved in chasing/harassing and/or trapping

the wildlife illegally, the Proponent will report to the KCA, office for necessary legal

action.

Despite the above measures, there will be some residual ecological effects of forest

clearance for the structures and facilities and will remain as residual impact for a period of

20 to 30 years till the afforested forest matures. In addition following special programs will

be also conducted by the project for protection of wildlife and its associated habitats from

various kinds of disturbances from project during construction period.

Programs like habitat management and food availability of wildlife in collaboration with

KCA and its Conservation Community Forest User Groups around upstream of headworks

area. Planation of palatable grass/herbs for wildlife around upstream of headworks area.

vii. Loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat

Implementation of project will have residual impact on flora and fauna of local area.

Conversion of all kinds of land, which includes the loss of forest area from KCA to the project

erected structure, will fragment the in-situ habitat of flora and fauna of the local area. To

minimize the impact following consideration will be made:


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The plantation will focus the native species of the area so that new habitat for the

wildlife can be created in future.

Micro watersheds of the area will be given special attention for the restoration the

natural habitat during the afforestation activities.

The governmentally protected flora and fauna that occur around the area will be prime

emphasis for the conservation and preservation.

Direct loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is not envisaged by the project, as the project

site is not the core habitat. However, the residual impact will be remained until the

project operation.

Forest and vegetation will be felled only to the required location by pegging the area

and numbering the trees.

The standing forest resources such as timber, firewood, litter, fodder etc. has high value.

Haphazard clearance and lack of collection will make the cleared resources valueless

to the users and owners. Therefore, the project will clear the forest and stockpile the

materials as per the guideline of Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution

Guidelines, (2073 B.S) and will be handed over to the respective Conservation

Community Forest User Groups.

Existing KCA management rules will be obeyed during the implementation of project.

The land requirement from the KCA will be acquired following the prevailing laws,

rules, of forest section. Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest

Area for National Priority Projects 2076 B.S will be followed. Furthermore Guidelines

for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065

will be followed.

The forest user groups will be assisted for forestry enhancement programs. The cost for

technical and financial assistance to Conservation Community Forest User Groups

above already incorporates the costs.

viii. Illegal Hunting, Poaching Activities and Encroachment of Forest

The proponent will ensure that illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife and forests products

will be strictly prohibited to its manpower engaged in the project.

Hunting and poaching around the project area will be strictly prohibited. Anyone found

to be involved in hunting, trapping or harassing wildlife will be punished. Regular

monitoring of the workers will somehow discourage activities like illegal hunting and

poaching. In addition, coordination with the KCA, KCA Council and CCFUG will

further help to mitigate the illegal hunting and poaching by the workers.

To avoid hunting and poaching of protected faunal species, an environmental awareness

conservation program, awareness campaign will be conducted for the labour force and

local people.

Further, informative and warning signs post will be placed at each construction sites

regarding protection of fauna. The construction contractor will provide special

instructions to all its staff and workforce on conservation issues. Purchasing and sale of

illegally hunted wildlife products will be strictly prohibited and the violators will be


175

dismissed. Prior awareness program and warning program will be made before the

enrolment of construction worker for the job.

If any laborer or his/her dependents or project related people are found involved in

chasing/harassing and/or trapping the wildlife illegally, the Proponent will report to the

KCA office, or local management committee of KCA, KCA council and CCFUGs for

necessary legal action.

Unnecessary forest land will not be allowed for encroachment. The provision will be

made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract award to the different

contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be strictly banned to the

project and project workers.

ix. Temporary Diversion of Water

Some stretch of Kabeli Khola will be affected during the diversion of water at headwork. This

will continue at least for one season. Implementations of SKKHEP couldn’t avoid this impact.

During the EIA study none of such sensitive things/objects/components of biological and

socio-economic component were found. However, along the right side the cutting of slope will

trigger the stability of the area.

After the diversion of the water, the area will be treated with gabion wall and concrete retaining

walls. No additional mitigation measures are required and proposed.

x. Increased Fishing Activities

Fishing by the workers of the construction work force will be strictly prohibited.

Contractor will ensure that their construction worker will not involve in any illegal means

of fishing through diverting the river flow, by dynamiting, electro fishing or by poisoning

and selling and transportation for personal benefits.

Construction workers will be provided with the awareness programs upon bio-diversity

conservation.

xi. Loss of Biodiversity (Floral and Faunal) in KCA

Direct loss of trees and pole in KCA will be compensated as mentioned in sub-section 7.2.2.1.

To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity in Conservation Community Forests and KCA,

project will closely work with KCA council and its units. Watershed management program,

encouragement program to local people for the conservation etc will be launched. The project

will assist KCA for the conservation near to project area. The program will be launched under

the environmental enhancement program. During the construction phase, major impacts

envisaged in the biodiversity of KCA are related with the off-site activities of construction

workers. To minimize the impacts following additional measures will be carried out:

Prohibition of the construction workforce to roam in the dense KCA forest and wildlife

habitat areas.

Including the above provision in the labor force as a code of conduct and implementing

the provision with a penalty of dismissal from the construction job.

Employment of at least 1 person by the Contractor to monitor the off-site activities of

the construction workforce and other people involving in the illegal hunting, poaching

of wildlife and collection of NTFPs and MAPs.


176

Coordination with Community Forest User’s Groups and KCA and its local units,

Division Forest Office and local police posts located at Sirijangha Rural Municipality.

Providing the cooking and heating fuel support to the outside construction workforce

from the project cost so that pressure on local forest resource is reduced.

xii. Fire Hazard

The grass species present in project construction sites are vulnerable to fire, especially during

the dry season. Even a small fire in the form of cigarettes, buds and match stick used by the

construction crew could be a crucial factor for fire hazard. Likewise, the leakage of fuel from

vehicles could also be the cause of fire. The forest fire could create a big fire hazard affecting

the whole region Following mitigation will be carried out to minimize the impact of forest fire:

Hoarding boards will be placed at critical location of the access road, headworks area,

surge shaft and powerhouse areas as preventive actions to control the forest fire.

Public awareness programs will be launched to prevent the forest fires in the local area.

Project workers will be regularly informed not to throw lighted cigarette tips in the

forest areas and not to use forest area as picnic spots.

Regular monitoring of workforces and their activities will be carried out and they will

be made aware of fire hazard time to time.

xiii. Forest Encroachment

The following mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the impact of forest

encroachment:

Unnecessary forest land will not be allowed for encroachment. The provision will be

made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract award to the different

contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be strictly banned to the

project and project workers.

Clearing of the forest vegetation and stockpiling the vegetation products before

handover will be carried out. The standing forest resources such as timber, firewood,

litter, fodder etc. has high value. Haphazard clearance and lack of collection will make

the cleared resources valueless to the users and owners. Therefore, the project will clear

the forest and stockpile the materials as per the guideline of Forest Product Collection,

Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073 and will be handed over to the respective, CFUGs

and Conservation Community Forest User Groups. Existing policies and rules of

government and KCA will be obeyed during the compensation process.

xiv. Disturbance to Aquatic Flora/Fauna

Impact on aquatic life due to river water diversion for the construction of weir foundation could

not be avoided and will remain as the residual impact. However, the disturbance to the present

faunal habitat in the river during construction phase will be minimized as far as possible.

Environmental Monitoring team during the construction will monitor the construction activities

of the Contractor. The stipulated environment flow and the environmental balance required

downstream will be regularly monitored.



177

i. Disturbance to Fish Migration

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra), Katle

(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish species found in Kabeli River.

Fish fingerlings (5000 number in each releasing site) will be released in headworks area,

dewatered zone and powerhouse area once in a year by the proponent and environment

flow will be mandatory.

The fish ladder is feasibly located at the left bank runs to the left wing wall of weir. Fish

ladder has been designed as per type of fish, their characteristics, habits and environmental

behavior.

ii. Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Detail observation and monitoring will be carried out for first five years operation

period in order to understand downstream water requirements, training for headworks

Gate operators for environmental release.

Cost for all these will be incorporated in the operation costs by the Proponent.

Impact on aquatic life due to flushing is an unavoidable action and impacts resulted

remains as a residual impact due to the project.

Further, environmental release of 10 % of monthly average flow will be released to the

dewatered zone so that the aquatic lives will not be hampered from the project.

iii. Destruction of Wildlife Habitat

Unnecessary movement of operation phase work force will be controlled so that o the

movement of wildlife having local level migratory or movement range will not be disturbed.

The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize loss of wildlife due to destruction

and fragmentation of its habitat:

Maintain as much as possible the fauna habitat and immediately replant the disturbed

sites with trees and shrubs that would continue to attract fauna to the area (mammals,

birds, reptile and amphibians);

Cutting of trees and vegetation clearance will be carried out only in the area required by the

project and losses will be compensated with plantation

iv. Disturbance to Wildlife Movement due to project structures

Disturbance to wildlife movement due to erection of project component/structures will have

residual impact as most of the project components are proposed to be on surface.

To minimize the impact afforestation will be carried out near the vicinity of the main project

component so that it will help for the habitat restoration of the local area.

In addition, at least 2 wooden bridge or crossing will be placed so that wild animals can

pass across the Kabeli Khola stretch.

No additional measures are proposed for this impact.

v. Impact Due to Easy internal Access Road

The implementation of project will construct about 6 km internal access road. The area

being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation of KCA will prohibit such

activities.


178

With the access road opening and start of the project operation, it is highly likely that the

forest resources of the area could be exploited commercially in illegal way in spite of being

KCA.

To minimize the impact on these forest patches regular monitoring will be carried out along

these patches. In addition, project will work in close coordination with the local Forest

Conservation Committee cell of KCA. Furthermore, KCA rules and regulations will

automatically prohibit illegal activities along the forest patches.

No additional measures are required. Conservation Community Forest User Groups will be

strengthened to promote the conservation.

vi. Downstream release of water during maintenance

The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize impact on wildlife due to sudden

release of water to the downstream:

Siren system will be established targeting the downstream during sudden release of

water from the headworks during the operation period. Siren will be blown at least four

time at a time interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm before the release of water from

the dam during the normal project for maintenance. This may give the wildlife and local

people sufficient time to escape from the area due to the siren noise.

In addition, local people will be given awareness training to safeguard their cattle from

the flood plain area after the siren is blown.

vii. Impact on microclimate in reduced flow zone

The microclimatic effect of the project in the dewatered and impoundment section will remain

as residual impacts of the project. To minimize the impact as suggested by EIA the study, the

project will release 10% of average monthly flow. In addition, project will carry out watershed

management activities along the basin, so that immediately additional release can be made as

replenished discharge. Micro-catchment conservation program such as Kabeli Khola

catchment will somewhat maintain the micro-climate of the area.

No additional mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts of micro-

climate change.

viii. Loss of Biodiversity of KCA

Direct loss of trees and pole in KCA will be compensated as mentioned in sub-section 7.2.2.1.

To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity in Conservation Community Forests and KCA,

project will closely work with KCA council and its units. Watershed management program,

encouragement program to local people for the conservation etc will be launched. The project

will assist KCA for the conservation near to project area. The program will be launched under

the environmental enhancement program. During the construction phase, major impacts

envisaged in the biodiversity of KCA are related with the off-site activities of construction

workers. To minimize the impacts following additional measures will be carried out:

Prohibition of the construction workforce to roam in the dense KCA forest and wildlife

habitat areas.

Including the above provision in the labor force as a code of conduct and implementing

the provision with a penalty of dismissal from the construction job.


179

Employment of at least 1 person by the Contractor to monitor the off-site activities of

the construction workforce and other people involving in the illegal hunting, poaching

of wildlife and collection of NTFPs and MAPs.

Coordination with KCA and its local units, Division Forest Office and local police posts

located at Sirijangha Rural Municipality.

Providing the cooking and heating fuel support to the outside construction workforce

from the project cost so that pressure on local forest resource is reduced.

ix. Possible Smuggling of the Forest Product

In order to reduce the impact proponent will conduct trainer's training to KCA local

officials, people of the vicinity and nearby youth club, health institutions, and Mother’s

groups twice.

This training will focus on the sustainable use of forest products, usage of energy saving

cooking utensils, energy saving approaches, and ways to regulate illegal activities.

Further, long term coordination with KCA, KCA council and Forest User Groups and

local security forces will be carried out.

x. Fire Hazard

The grass species and dry litter present in project construction sites are vulnerable to fire,

especially during the dry season. Even a small fire in the form of cigarettes, buds and match

stick used by the operation crew could be a crucial factor for fire hazard. Likewise, the leakage

of fuel from vehicles could also be the cause of fire. The forest fire could create a big fire

hazard affecting the whole region Following mitigation will be carried out to minimize the

impact of forest fire:

Hoarding boards will be placed at critical location of the access road on the preventive

actions to control the forest fire.

Public awareness programs will be launched to prevent the forest fires in the local area.

Project workers will be regularly informed not to throw lighted cigarette tips in the

forest areas and not to use forest area as picnic spots.

Project will work closely with the local Forest Conservation Cell of KCA.

xi. Disturbance to migratory birds

The project site is a movement corridor and seasonal migratory route of many birds for the

feeding purpose. Obstruction on the movement and reproduction of birds due to establishment

of project will remain as a residual impact until the project operation. This impact could not be

prevented but will be minimized by using different precautions and methods.

Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers

not to use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust

minimization precautions, etc.

Programs for the habitat conservation of birds will be conducted in collaboration

with KCA council, KCA and its Conservation Community Forests User Groups.

Minimum tree will be cleared.

Workers will be prohibited from entering forest area.

Workforce will be instructed and controlled and will be punished if found to be

indulged on activities that damages the habitat of birds.


180

Meat of bird species on the mess of camps will be strictly prohibited.

Awareness to the project workforces will be launched regarding the anti-poaching

activity. Conservation awareness to the workforces will be given.


7.2.3.1 Construction Phase

i. Land Acquisition

The SKKHEP will acquire 8.15 ha private land for permanent structures and 0.15 ha private

land for temporary purpose. Total leasement cost of the temporary private land is NRs. 97,500.

Temporarily used land will be later rehabilitated. The rehabilitation cost will be borne by the

project.

Table 7.5: Land acquisition cost of the permanent private land SN Land

description

Permanently land

required (ha)

Unit rate/ha Total land value (NRs.)

1 Khet 1.1 8,500,000 9,350,000

2 Bari 7.05 6,500,000 45,825,000

3 Pakho 0

Total 8.15 55,175,000


Table 7.6: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary) SN Land description Temporary land

required (ha)

Unit rate/ha Total land value (NRs.)

1 Khet

2 Bari 0.15 650000 97,500

3 Pakho 0

Total 0.15 97,500


(Note: Cost of Bari and Khet is fixed according to mutual understanding and existing

market price)

ii. Issues related to livelihood of affected settlements

The construction of SKKHEP will effect livelihood of Sirijangha ward 6, 7 and 8 and nearby

settlements. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm,

Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri,

Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be affected by the project. However, the

adverse impacts are negligible.

iii. Loss of standing crops and private trees

Project will schedule the clearance, as far possible during the time when lands are free

from crops. Besides, people will be informed at least 6 month prior of land

acquisition/leasing. In case of compensation required for the standing crops estimated

production from the project requires to compensation of 15.92 MT of food crop (paddy,

wheat, maize, millet, barley, beans, potato), 1500 bundles of Nigalo, 1600 kg of vegetables,

2.5 MT of Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder from both permanent and temporary required


181

lands will be compensated. The estimated cost of NRs 2,128,229 for the compensation of

standing crops will be allocated by the project.

Table 7.7: Loss of standing crops SN Description Total Cost (NRs) Remarks

1 Cereal Crops 361,229

2 Cash Crops 1594500

3 Loss of Fodder 172,500

Total 2,128,229


iv. Occupational Health and Safety Measures

The construction area will be cleared and fenced off and all the necessary precaution and

warning signpost will be placed at work sites.

This area will be restricted for the entry of unauthorized people. The contractor will be

made responsible via contract clause for the occupational health and safety measures.

The project will provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as hard hat, eye glass,

safety boot, safety belt, gloves, firefighting accessories, caution signals and other safety

equipment as required at particular sites and work areas.

Regular monitoring of local spring nearby the alignment will be carried out. The project

proponent will compensate the damage to houses and infrastructures; and strengthen or

provide alternatives to the loss/ drying up of water from spring source used by the

community.

Safety training will be implemented and any loss of life or injury will also be compensated

as per prevailing rules. The safety training for the project workers will be conducted prior

to the construction work.

The training program will be of at least seven days that will include practical class, use of

safety equipment, first aid etc.

v. Pressure on Local health and sanitation facilities

Camp site management and supply of primary health care facilities are the major measures

to minimize the impact on local health and sanitation facilities so that additional pressure

on health and sanitation couldn’t be envisaged due to project.

To minimize the impact the contractor will be made responsible via contract clause for the

primary health service (first aid) and camp site management.

The project proponent will make available the labors with potable drinking water, clean

toilets with adequate water facilities.

Toilets will be made in temporary camps with the ratio of one toilet for 15 people. First aid

kits will be maintained for preliminary treatment in emergencies.

For serious injuries arrangement will be made to send the injured person to the nearest

hospitals.

Health check-up of workers and documentation of health status will be made periodically.

Priority will be given to the local people in project works to minimize the impacts on health

and sanitation. Support will be provided to local health post under CSP.


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vi. Impact on Community infrastructures and resources

With the influx of the construction workers from outside, the demand on social service

institutions particularly educational facilities, health services, water supply systems,

administrative services, local law and order maintaining institutions, telecommunication

services, and local market increase. So, to have minimal impacts on the available resources,

following mitigation measures have been purposed;

The schools of the project affected wards which provide education to the children of

project staff and workers will be supported.

Establish a health service facility and support health workers within the construction

camps

Establish water supply system for all the camp facilities within the work area and camp

area

Establish self-standing communication facilities for the project staff and workers

Support to such social infrastructures will be as per the enhancement program of project

and will be operated under the Environment and Social Management Unit of the

Project.

vii. Impact due to conflict of interest

Different people have different attitude toward the project and vice-versa. To minimize

the conflict of interest project will facilitate the Project wards to formulate a Super

Kabeli Hydropower Concern Committee.

The project management will deal with local people with the help and coordination with

committee and vice-versa. Conflict of interest will be discussed well within the

committee and project management unit.

viii. Impact on Socio-Cultural Practices

To minimize the impact on social and cultural practices of local communities, a strong

code of conduct will be enforced to the outside construction workers.

The workers will be instructed to act in responsible manners during and after the

working hours, respecting the rights, property and practices of the local people.

Alcohol and gambling will be prohibited in camp area. Priority will be given to the

local people in project works.

ix. Impact on Law and Order Situation

The high number of workforce is likely to create pressure on local communities in a number of

ways. These may provoke the social disturbance among the settlements within administrative

boundaries of Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8. The law and order institutions

with the available human resources might find difficulty in maintaining the security situation

around the project ward. So, to make the project area safe from the activities of incidents of

burglary, quarrels, stealing and safe environment, following measures have been proposed;

Regular ethical behavioral programs to outside workers before work session to respect

local people, their culture and traditions will be organized

Alcohol consumption in the public places outside the camp areas will be restricted


183

District Police Office will be requested to increase the police personnel to enhance the

local law and order. Financial assistance to the local police post will be provided for

the construction of additional residential facilities

The project personnel will be advised through special circulation that the illegal

extraction of floral and faunal resources of the KCA or dealing of the illegal extracted

resources will be punishable as per KCA rules

Coordination will be maintain with the local and district level administrative units of

GoN. The existing facilities of GoN will be used to maintain the law and order in the

project area as required. The proposed awareness program will also minimized this

impact to some extent.

xii. Gender and Disadvantageous Group

The project will ensure discrimination against the local people based on their gender, caste,

color and place of origin. Local women will be hired to the extent possible.

Similarly, priority to job opportunity will be provided to the people of affected indigenous

groups like Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo vulnerable and backward

group or families in the project area in order to raise their living standard.

Project will support the local indigenous Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,

Mawo people by forming a separate enhancement committee for the upliftment of

indigenous people.

Budget will be allocated to aware local women and project will support them

mainstreaming.

Participation of Dalit and women in Super Kabeli Hydropower Concern Committee will be

encouraged by the project. Special training to Women, Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,

Sarki, Bhote, Mawo (Disadvantageous groups) and Indigenous groups will be provided

under the Environmental Enhancement Program.

xiii. Impacts of blasting and construction activities

The project has design to cross this area via headrace tunnel. Blasting should be carried out

for the construction work.

Blasting for the construction of the tunnel will be done in day time only. The petroleum

bunkers will be placed in a separate area in a concrete bonded area with a facility of oil and

grease separator.

The contractor will be made responsible for this. The impact will be incorporated since the

design phase of the project.

The Penstock pipe pass through some gullies and kholsis.

Anchor blocks will protect the Penstock pipe along the difficult and sensitive terrain and

also maintain the natural flow of water from gullies.

Blockage to the natural flow due to penstock pipe/penstock alignment will be strictly

prohibited. Drying up of such sources are not anticipated.

xiv. Expansion of Settlements

With the increase in the facilities of access road, health facilities and job opportunities

people are likely to start their own small business like tea shop, hotels, fruits and vegetable

shops around the core area of the project.


184

This will result in the development of new settlement and expansion of the earlier

settlements. Area of Sirijangha Rural Municipality is most likely to expand its settlement

after the project implementation. The space available in the area is limited.

Project has come up with the following measure to have proper managements of the

settlements around the core area so that the settlements won’t disturb the ongoing

development of the project.

Local government will be advised of the expanding settlements and its environmental

consequences to step in for management. If planning is requested, local government will

be assisted.

xv. Issues of foot trails along due to project components

Proposed SKKHEP crosses foot trails. 6 km internal access road will be constructed for the

project which after completion of construction will easily be used by local of the areas. So foot

trails that are influenced due to project construction will be relocated on suitable location that

ease assess in project structure and its temporary facilities.

xvi. Issues related to tourism activity

The tourist will not be allowed roaming alone in the project area without any personnel of

the project.

The materials needed for the tourist will be made available as far as possible so that it do

not pressurized the local resources.

xvii. Water use rights

The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water

from Kabeli River has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing

purposes or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHEP.

To minimize the impact of water use, the project will further release of 10% of monthly

flow from Kabeli River.

xvii. Impact of solid waste

For mitigating the impacts due to camp site, following measures will be taken:

Minimum land as possible will be used for the project.

Solid waste generated will be collected in a safe location; Segregation of solid waste

and recycling, reduce and reuse system of solid waste management system will be

strictly followed. During the preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the

provision will be made mandatory. Solid Waste Management Regulation of GoN, 2070

will be strictly followed.

Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed.

Training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical handling

procedures.

Provision of sufficient waste disposal points and regular collection for disposal.

Appropriate measures to minimize windblown litter and dust during transportation of

waste by either covering trucks or by transporting wastes in enclosed containers.

Regular cleaning and maintenance program for drainage systems, sumps and oil

interceptors.


185

xvii. Land encroachment

To mitigate the impacts due to land encroachment, following mitigation measures will be

taken. Unnecessary land will not be allowed for encroachment.

The provision will be made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract

award to the different contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be

strictly banned to the project and project workers.

Haphazard clearance and NTFPs collection will be checked. Existing policies and rules of

KCA will be obeyed during the compensation process.


i. Declining in Economic Activities Raised in Construction Period

The project will run counseling programs to tell the workers about the availability of works

in similar projects running elsewhere in Nepal demanding the skills they acquired from the

Project.

The local farmers, business people and traders will be made aware of the income generating

activities that could be operated by the availability of the electricity in their area.

In addition skill training program as an Environmental Enhancement Program will be

carried out so that people can switch their occupation easily based on their skill and local

availability of resources.

ii. Occupation Health and Safety Hazards

Safety equipment required for the operation and maintenance of the headworks and

powerhouse will be provided. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) and other safety

equipment as required during operation phase will be provided.

Safety caution sign will be posted at work places and nearby danger zones and such area

will be well fenced.

iii. Reduction of agricultural land

The impact is residual and couldn’t be revived. The temporarily used land will be

rehabilitated by project itself and handed over to the respective owner.

PAFs will be given special agriculture enhancement training (particularly focus on

Cardamom) so that they can increase their production from the remaining land.

Further new skill training as environmental enhancement program will be launched so

that PAFs can switch their occupation.

iv. Release of Water in downstream during maintenance

To make sure that release of water from the dam downstream while maintenance of the

powerhouse, settling basin or waterway don’t have or no impact on the life and safety of the

livestock and peoples utilizing the river bed area for various purposes, following measures have

purposed:

Siren network will be established in the dewatered zone by the project

During maintenance, siren network will be established in the dewatered zone and Siren

will be blown before 1 hours by the project staff at least four time at a time interval of

15 minutes as warning alarm before the release of water from the dam during the normal

project for maintenance.


186

Local people will be given awareness training to safeguard their cattle from the flood

plain area after the siren is blown.

v. Impact arising due to penstock/penstock pipe crossing

The impact will be incorporated since the design phase of the project.

Anchor blocks and Saddle support will protect the penstock along the difficult and sensitive

terrain but also maintain the natural flow of water from gullies.

Blockage to the natural flow due to penstock pipe/ penstock alignment will be strictly

prohibited.

vi. Dislocation / disturbance to foot trails

Destructed land area will be stabilized immediately and destructed structures will be

also repaired instantly or other protective measures will be also constructed if

necessary.

Stability measures will be taken as per requirements. Protection measures like gabion

wall, retaining wall, and other civil structures as required which is already included in

project design.

vii. Water use and Right

The environmental flow (10% of monthly flow) is strictly monitored so that the aquatic fauna

could live and could do their activities. 10% of monthly flow water is sufficient for the

sustenance of aquatic species. But natural condition of ecosystem could not be anticipated and

impact will remain as residual.

viii. Issue of Tourism and Ecotourism

After the operation of the project, ecotourism will be more promoted than before.

To minimize the pressure in the local resources due to visit of more tourists, health

and drinking water facilities will be established, tourist will not allowed to enter

the forest without guide, hunting and poaching will be strictly prohibited.

ix. Issues to indigenous and vulnerable communities/groups of Project Area

Local women will be hired to the extent possible. Similarly, priority to job opportunity

will be provided to the people of affected indigenous, vulnerable and backward group

or families in the project area in order to raise their living standard.

Special training to Women, Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo

communities (Marginalized and Disadvantageous groups) and Indigenous groups will be

provided under the Environmental Enhancement Program.


187

Table 7.8: Mitigation measures for SKKHP S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency

responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

1. Physical Environment

1.1 Construction Phase

i. Impacts on

land use

The physical location of the project

infrastructures will occupy certain areas

that belong to the KCA. About 10.63 ha

land area will be required for project

permanent and temporary components.

Among the total land required for the

project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha

is temporary. In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha

from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River

flood plain under KCA) will be acquired

from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated

private bari land. Temporary land will be

restored on completion of construction

phase.

To minimize the impact, permanent

land acquisition will be minimized to

the extent possible made for the

structures like, head works,

powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge

shaft, tailrace, work camp site, project

office and the access road. Area

required for the other project activities

and purpose such as contractor camp,

labor camp, stock pile area for the

construction materials, borrow area

etc. will be taken on lease and will be

returned to the owner after the proper

treatment/rehabilitation work.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

ii Impact on

Topograph

y

The topographical changes will occur

particularly in the headwork site; headrace

tunnel, settling basin, intake, surge shaft,

penstock pipe, powerhouse area, quarry

sites, spoil/muck, debris disposal sites etc.

In addition, construction of internal project

access road will also have long-term effect

on topography as excavation and other

earthworks area needed.

To minimize the topographic changes

in the major project components like

headwork, waterway, and powerhouse,

minimum land as possible will be used.

Landscaping of the debris and

spoil/muck disposal sites will be

carried out. Such land will be soon

rehabilitated.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

iii Storage of

constructio

n materials

The total required materials for SKKHEP

during construction of civil structures will

be 1075 m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand,

2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 tons of

reinforcement steel. Storage of

construction materials will be carried out

Stockpiling sites will be properly

fenced. Side drains will be constructed.

EMU,

Contractor

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on

Included in

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design cost Terms and condition will be enlisted in

contract agreement with the civil

contractor to minimize the impact.

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Proper storage site will be managed for EMU EIA Constructi


188

S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency

responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

at Powerhouse and headwork area. A total

of 0.2 ha land will be temporarily required

for the storage of construction materials at

stockpiling sites of both Powerhouse and

headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari)

area will be used as stockpiling sites.

the construction materials near to the

construction site making a safe house.

on

Precaution and warning signs and

firefighting equipment will be placed at

the storage areas.

EMU EIA Constructi

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iv Landslide

& soil

erosion

due to

excavation

works

Although the bedrock is strong and stable,

inundation of the small area due to intake

would invite slope failure due to soil

saturation and water fluctuation.

Disruption of natural drainage pattern will

cause scouring, erosion and landslides.

The domestic waste which is dumped in

the streams, degradation of the waste will

cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in

water. This will adversely affect aquatic

life in the streams. Improperly disposed

domestic waste will spoil the natural

beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and

attract flies, rodents and other scavengers

which could produce public health

concerns, for the construction workers as

well as the local people.

Although the bedrock is strong and stable,

inundation of the small area due to intake

would invite slope failure due to soil

saturation and water fluctuation.

Disruption of natural drainage pattern will

cause scouring, erosion and landslides.

Pegging and flagging will be done at

the landslide area boundary.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

500,000

Slope will be maintained less than the

angle of repose to the extent possible,

mostly 45% .

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on

Both vertical and horizontal drains will

be provided.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

No surface will be left exposed. EMU EIA Constructi

on

v Solid

waste

The domestic waste which is dumped in

the streams, degradation of the waste will

Waste generated from construction

activities are usually inert material

EMU EIA Constructi

on

300,000


189


responsible

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Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

generated

from

camps



life in the streams. Improperly disposed

domestic waste will spoil the natural

beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and

attract flies, rodents and other scavengers

which could produce public health

concerns, for the construction workers as

well as the local people.

which are non-biodegradable e.g.

empty cement bags and containers,

rejected material, plastic, wooden

planks, small structures etc. will be

stored out and kept separated instead of

throwing haphazardly elsewhere.

vi Muck/spoi

l disposal

Improper handling and disposal of spoil

will result destruction of productive land

and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in

the river with an adverse impact on aquatic

life, and scars in the landscape

.Contamination of water and surface soil

& sedimentation of water bodies and gully

formation & erosion of spoil, especially

when combined with unmanaged surface

water runoff.

Prior to the disposal of debris dry

gabion wall will be erected on the

stream side or downhill at headwork

area. Disposal of debris at other place

than designated will be strictly

prohibited. The spoil disposal will not

be thrown in the river; rather it will be

safely deposited in the stream gullies,

ravines, depression and flood plains.

EMU,

Contractor

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Included in

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vii Leakage of

oil, grease

& other

chemicals

The possibility of leakage of oil and grease

and other liquid materials is high. These

oil if spilled easily spread over ground

producing eye sore. Near the water

surface, the oil spill pollutes the water

surface and the dissolved oxygen content

of the water body will be reduced. The oil

leakage has detrimental impact on the

aquatic life. Kabeli Khola downstream

from headwork and near the confluence

will be affected in such cases.

All spent grease and mobile and

unused or date expired toxic chemicals

will be collected separately in plastic

drums and stored in a safe place under

the shade. All empty containers of

grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals

will be punctured and stored in a safe

place under the shade. The unused

chemicals, spent mobile, grease etc.

will discharged only with the approval

of the project environmental officer

approval and recommendation.

EMU EIA Constructi

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500,000

viii Change in The diversion of river flow together with Proper engineering design for sediment EMU EIA Constructi Included in


190


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

river

morpholog

y due to

use of

quarry site

the construction and associated activities

may damage or degrade the existing

channels and springs. The upstream of

dam will be deposited with sediments as

well as the release of sediment from the

dam will erode riverbed changing the

course the river.

flushing will be done and downstream

protection by cut off wall and

launching apron shall be design for

minimizing the adverse impact in the

river morphology.

on project

design cost

ix Impact on

Natural

drainage

due to

water

conveyanc

e medium

The construction of water conveyance

system will affect water drainage system

as this will disrupts surface flow which

may further increase the instability of

slope and penstock alignment and other

water passing system at different length

will have to cross dry gullies and kholsies.

Newly constructed internal access road

will be regularly maintained.

Bioengineering and engineering design

such as erection of gabion wall and

retaining anchor blocks will be

constructed. The project will not create

major impact on natural drainage,

water body and springs within the

project area during construction phase.

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on

Included in

project

design cost

x Constructi

on camp

sites

Due to the construction of camp site

during the construction period low impact

could be envisaged. In total project will

recruit 300 numbers of work force and

maximum number to be settle in camp will

be same in number. Due to the camp

establishment, land use change of the area,

solid waste generation, pollution to the

nearby water source are most likely to

occur.

Solid waste generated from the camp

site will be collected in a safe location;

segregated and degradable waste will

be made compost and handed over to

the local farmers. Non degradable

waste will be collected and recycled or

reused.

EMU,

Contractor

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Included in

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xi Impact due

to

seismicity

The project is located in the second

seismic risk zone of Nepal and the soil

foundation at the headworks site

considered to average soil type. The

seismic study conducted as part of the

feasibility shows that the project site has is

No mitigation measures are proposed

during construction phase for

seismicity impact.

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191


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Document

Timing of

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located in second seismic risk zone of

Nepal.

xii Impact on

Dewatered

zone

stretch

During the construction phase impact on

dewatered zone due to water diversion is

not relevant. Impact along the stretch due

to contamination of water quality has been

discussed in different section Change in

Water Quality, Release of toxic and

hazardous waste, spoil disposal etc.

During the construction of headwork

and operation of Quarry sites, as

minimum as possible time will be used.

Diversion work will be complete in

short time as possible. The turbidity

impact to downstream will be

minimized applying all the specified

mitigation measures.

EMU,

Contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

xiii Increased

level of

noise and

vibration

The construction of the project would

likely to exceed this threshold of noise

level, affecting human, wildlife and

livestock of the project area. As the project

construction site is far from dense human

settlement but near to forest, wild animals

will be affecting by air pollution.


Ear guards will be provided to the

construction workers in the noise prone

areas. Large noise producing engines

such as air compressors will be fitted

with noise reducing mechanisms. All

vehicles in the construction area will be

maintained regularly.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

xiv Change in

air quality

Construction activities will attract large

number of migrant labors and people who

supply goods and services to the labor

force. If adequate measures are not taken

to handle the sewerage and solid waste

generated by this new population, there is

a possibility of increase in foul odor.

Use of breathing mask and earplugs

by the construction workers in the dust

prone areas such as crushing plant,

batching plant, rock drilling areas etc.

will be made compulsory. Preventive

measures will be taken to minimize the

emission of dust from the dust prone

area such as crushing plants, batching

plants etc. by spraying water or

maintaining moisturization in

construction materials.

EMU EIA Constructi

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350,000

xv Change in

water

quality

Liquid waste might occur as a result from

the construction activities and from the use

of lubricants, paints, cleaning, chemical

The storage area will be lined to reduce

potential surface and ground water

pollution in the event of spill. The used

EMU EIA Constructi

on

350,000


192


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National

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or

Guidelines/

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Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

and other aqueous and oil-based materials.

Some wastes might occur because of

leakage from construction equipment,

accidental spills during materials transfer

and storage and from improper and

inadequate management, as lubrication

and changing of oil are the common

practices in construction equipment.

oil and lubricants will be collected

regularly into drums/barrels or tanks.

The settling basin should be used to

collect the slurry for settling the heavy

particles and other material, which can

be recycled or incinerated. Bathing,

cloth washing, defecating and urinating

in the river will be strictly prohibited to

project’s work force.

xvi Loss of top

soil

Loss of top soil i.e. 5200 m3 is permanent

and recovery chance is almost impossible.

Headwork area and facilities, canal

alignment and powerhouse area will have

greater impact due to loss of top soil. The

losses of top soil decrease the fertility rate

of the land thus reducing agricultural

production.

The topsoil will be covered by plastic

and stockpiled over a drained area. To

reduce siltation problem, the soil

conservation activities will also be

implemented as per needed. Similarly,

to minimize the soil erosion, site

clearance will be minimized.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

xvii Issues

related to

internal

access road

The construction vehicles and project

vehicles will use the same road such that

there can be the occurrence of regular

traffic jam, road accidents causing

nuisance to villagers. The associated

impacts due to road construction are

temporary like increase in turbidity of

water, mixing of various wastes, air

pollution, visual pollution, debris into

river water. These impacts are all

temporary and only occur during

construction of road.

Along the kholsis and probable

unstable slopes, protection measures

like gabion wall, retaining structures,

plantation of amriso and bamboo will

be done.

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Contractor

EIA Constructi

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Included in

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xviii Change on

drainage

pattern

Blasting during excavation works may

affect in the stability of the surrounding

area and blasting may affect the

Newly constructed access road will be

regularly maintained. The project will

not create major impact on natural

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Contractor

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Included in

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design cost


193


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or

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Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

surrounding air and noise condition due to

which the local people may be affected

drainage, water body and springs

within the project area during

construction phase.

xix Issue

blasting

and bunker

operation

The implications of the drainage changes

have been adequately addressed in the

headwork design; however, such designs

are inadequate for the internal access

roads. The built formation width of the

access roads dissects the natural surface

run off drainages. And the surface run off

is diverted along the access road

alignment. In the hills of Nepal, such

diversion of natural drainages was

recognized as root cause of road failure

and associated land instability & erosion

problems.

A separate Bunker House will be

constructed and explosive handling

will be carried out with the help of

Nepal Army. Expert geologist will be

consulted for the safety of tunnel and

blasting operation along tunnel

alignment.

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Contractor

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Included in

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xx Tunnel

excavation

problems

The tunnel excavation will require control

blasting that can cause small tremors, dust

pollution and instabilities inside the

tunnel. If due attention is not given during

the tunnel construction, its excavation may

cause collapsing of the tunnel or

subsidence of the land above the tunnel.

However, the effect to ground water will

be low as the tunnel bed is located in

bedrock-banded gneisses with partly

quartzite and fine partition of schist.


construction workers in the noise prone

areas. Blasting activities will be carried

out at the day time only. Tunnel will be

fitted with the noise soaking device.

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Contractor

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xxi Vibration

from

blasting

and

operation

of heavy

equipment,

vehicles

around the

surroundin

g areas

The vehicles will generate significant

amount of dust and vehicular emissions

(suspended particles, Carbon monoxide,

Sulphur oxide, Hydrocarbons and oxides

of nitrogen in ambient air). These impacts

on air quality will, however, be of short-

term in duration and mostly limited to the

project site. The movement of heavy

vehicle in project site is likely to increase

in dust and vehicular emissions.


Large noise producing engines such as

air compressors will be fitted with

noise reducing mechanisms. All

vehicles in the construction area will be

maintained regularly. Surface blasting

activities will be carried out at the day

time only.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

xxii Issue of

handling of

explosive

material

Blasting during excavation works may

affect in the stability of the surrounding

area and blasting may affect the

surrounding air and noise condition due to

which the local people may be affected.

Storage area will be protected and

proper sign will be placed indicating

explosion risk. Necessary legal

procedure as per Explosive Act 2018

B.S. will be carried out by project.

Smoking should not be allowed during

handling of explosive materials.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

xxiii Potential

probability

of

occurrence

of GLOF

hazard

Most of the lakes which at present pose a

GLOF risk are small and would not cause

damage to the same extent as Timbu

Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari,

Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier

and thus will not affect the physical

intensity of the Kabeli - project but special

mitigation measures should be considered

to lower the water when an outburst is

threatening.

No surface will be left exposed.

Concreting will be done on steeper

slopes. Low cost but effective

bioengineering method of slope

protection near Glacier Lake will be

highly emphasized. Bioengineering

will be prioritized as much as possible

to the exposed slopes.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

design cost

Subtotal 2,000,000

1.2 Operation stage

i Changes in

hydrology

The bioengineering programs in the

upstream of the project area and

To minimize the impact on micro- EMU EIA Operation Will be

included in


195


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

&

sedimentat

ion

construction of sedimentation basin can

reduce the rate of sedimentation in the

project area.

climate mandatory release of 10% of

monthly flow water from the weir axis

will be made. To maintain and support

to the hydrology additional watershed

management activities will be carried

out.

project

operation

cost

ii Impact on

Natural

drainages

The sediment sample analysis results

revealed that Quartz content is about 55%

of the sample. Quartz having hardness

number 7 (Mohr’s scale) is detrimental to

the metal parts mainly Turbine runner.

Therefore, highly efficient settling basin

and other provisions are required to

remove such particles. The sedimentation

on settling basin is mainly contributed by

the soil and rock in the catchments area.

Along the blocked location drainage

and safe handling of natural flow will

be maintained. Such site will be further

trained with bioengineering, concrete

retaining so that erosion from such site

will be controlled.

EMU EIA Operation Will be

included in

project

operation

cost

iii Noise and

vibration

in

powerhous

e area

Due the heavy machine running for every

time for generating 12 MW of power, the

sound pollution is expected to be greater

than 75 dBA which will be the major

problem at powerhouse site.

The noise impact from the powerhouse

during the operation of the project will

be reduced by installing sound proof

and noise aquatics system in

powerhouse.

EMU EIA Operation 300,000

iv Change in

water

quality due

to reduced

flow

There will be some minor changes in the

water quality in the months from October

to June in the dewatered stretch of the river

between diversion weir & tailrace than the

present. The water quality will be slightly

altered by the variables of the tributaries

even though the greater share of the water

volume is contributed by the residual

environmental flow of the Kabeli River

The impact will be minimized by

constructing a ditch to collect the sand

and aggregate before reaching to the

stream. Thus, collected sediment will

be the safely collected and transferred

to the safe place.



196


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

from the diversion weir.

v Leakage of

oil, grease

& other

chemicals

Near the water surface, the oil spill

pollutes the water surface and the

dissolved oxygen content of the water

body will be reduced. The oil leakage has

detrimental impact on the aquatic life.

To minimize the impact, during the

maintenance period chemical socking

materials will be put at the ground and

then later such used materials will be

safely disposed or buried.


vi Change in

microclim

ate in the

dewatered

stretch

Micro-climate change is expected to occur

in the dewatered section of the river

between diversion weir & tailrace. In the

dewatered section, the temperature might

fall by about 0.5⁰C in the winter season. In

the hot summer season (April – June), the

temperature might rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C. In the

monsoon season (July- October), no

change in temperature is expected. On the

other hand vegetation growth pattern

along the stream alignment will be altered

during the dry season.

The river will have mandatory release

10% of monthly flow, which will be

released downstream of Kabeli River

as the environment flow to maintain

minimum riparian flow from the

project site. This helps aquatic and wild

animals of the KCA to maintain their

habitat from the enormous

development.


included in

project

operation

cost

vii Impact of

Seismicity

The seismic study conducted as part of the

feasibility shows that the project site has is

located in second seismic risk zone of

Nepal. There is no exceptional seismic risk

and no pending of water to threaten

downstream populations in the event of

catastrophic failure of the 5 m weir.

The planning phase, design phase and

construction phase seismicity issue

will be incorporated in design of

project and strength of project

component will be maintained.


included in

project

operation

cost

viii Climate

change

hazard

Climate change will cause increased

variability of precipitation events and will

pose significant problems for

hydroelectric generation. The increased

variability of precipitation will result in

more severe and frequent floods and

To minimize the risk regular

monitoring of catchment will be

carried out. In case of emergency

coping strategy project will be

prepared since the design phase such as

to control sedimentation, to safely


included in

project

operation

cost


197


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

droughts, seasonal offsets, or the altering

timing and magnitude of precipitation for

traditional rainy and dry seasons and peak

snowmelt.

make flow of sedimentation etc.

ix Water Use

and Right

The field observation and interaction with

local community has revealed that the

water from Kabeli River has not been used

by locals for cremation site irrigation,

micro-hydro plant, water mill and other

purposes at dewatered area. Therefore,

there is no impact anticipated due to

construction of the project.

Locals for cremation site, irrigation,

micro-hydro plant, water mill and other

purposes at dewatered area have not

used Kabeli River. Therefore, no

mitigation measures has been adopted.

EMU,

Contractor

EIA Operation Will be

included in

project

operation

cost

x Potential

probability

of

occurrence

of GLOF

hazard

The assessment based on field

investigation and evaluation of past record

of GLOF events shows that Timbu

Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari,

Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier

lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River

Catchment. Most of the lakes which at

present pose a GLOF risk are small and

may not cause damage and thus will not

affect the physical infrastructures of the

Kabeli- project, however special

mitigation measures will be considered to

lower the water when an outburst will be

of threatening level.

Surface structures of the project will be

damaged due to rock fall, toppling etc.

Hazards to the people and wildlife are

also anticipated. However, it takes a

significant time for the joint fractured.

For the safety surface structures has

been incorporated in project design and

planning.

EMU,

Contractor

EIA Operation Included in

1.1, xxiii

Subtotal 1,000,000

2. Biological Environment


i Loss of

Forest and

A total of 500 individual trees of size >10

cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250

Based on the government's recent

policy decision of compensatory

EMU EIA Constructi

on

23,000,0001

5,008,725


198


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

Vegetation seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1

and Table 5.2) will be lost during the

construction period. The regeneration

status of forest in the project area is good.

Trees will be cut down in project main

component and along the project support

facilities such as access road from

Headworks, Water Conveyance, Camp

site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and

crusher plant, etc.

plantation 1:25 ratio (i.e., plantation of

12,500 seedlings) as compensation for

loss of 500 trees will be carried out and

3728 seedling will be planted in the

compensated land for the using 2.33 ha

KCA land permanently (i.e. 1600

seedlings per hectares)

ii Loss of

NTFPs and

Medicinal

Plants

Among the enumerated NTFPs and

medicinal plants 15 species of them will be

lost from their in-situ habitat. Due to the

construction of project, 3 species of plant

species having medicinal value, and

having local use significance and even

having economic importance will get

impacted due to site clearance during the

erection of project structure

Labor force will be prohibited for the

collection of non-timber forest

products. Informative and warning sign

at centrally located construction site

will be placed to create local

awareness. The cost for the

construction of information board

about the awareness creation against

illegal activities will be allocated by the

project.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

250,000

iii Wildlife

habitat

disturbanc

e

Construction of project components will

definitely impact on the habitat

connectivity of wildlife species. Clearance

of forest area of national forest will have

impact on the habitat of wildlife of local

area due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding

habitat and movement of short range

wildlife species will be impacted. The

operation of access road during the

construction period will also disturb the

If any laborer or his/her dependents are

found involved in chasing/harassing

and/or trapping the wildlife illegally,

the Proponent will report to the KCA,

office, or local management committee

of KCA for necessary legal action.

Programs like habitat management and

food availability of wildlife in

collaboration with KCA and its local

Conservation Area Management

Committee around upstream of

EMU EIA Constructi

on

Included in

2 A (i)


199


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

wildlife’s specially birds. headworks area.

iv Illegal

collection

of forest

products

by the

workforce/

Increase

Demand of

Firewood

and

Timber

During the construction phase,

construction related workforce may

involve for the illegal collection of forest

products. With the access road opening

near to the forest at and start of the project

construction, it is highly likely that the

forest resources of headworks area the

chances of commercial exploitation of

forest product in illegal way could be

envisaged.

During the construction of temporary

and permanent housing facilities and

other structures the use of timber will

be minimized and the use of other

construction materials will be

encouraged.

EMU,

Contarctor

EIA Constructi

on

200,000

vii Loss of

Wildlife

and

Wildlife

Habitats

Erection of project components will

definitely have an impact on the habitat

connectivity of wildlife species. Clearance

of 2.33 ha forest area of conservation area

(Permanent and Temporary) will have

impact on the habitat of wildlife of local

area due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding

habitat and movement of short range

wildlife species will be impacted. In

addition, construction of access road will

also disturb the wildlife specially

mammals and birds.

The plantation will focus the native

species of the area. Micro watersheds

of the area will be given special

attention for the restoration the natural

habitat. The governmentally protected

flora and fauna that occur around the

area will be prime emphasis for the

conservation and preservation. Direct

loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is

not envisaged by the project, as the

project site is not the core habitat.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

200,000

viii Illegal

Hunting

and

Poaching

Activities

and Illegal

Trade

Some KCA area along the exact vicinity of

both right and left bank of Kabeli River

around powerhouse area and quarry site is

envisaged to be impacted more than the

other area. With the increase of people

during construction period, the existing

KCA staff, KCA council and local security

personals at Sirijangha Rural Municipality

The proponent will ensure that hunting

and trapping of wildlife will not be

taken place in any circumstances. The

construction contractor will provide

special instructions to all its staff and

workforce on conservation issues.

Purchasing and sale of illegally hunted

wildlife products will be strictly

EMU, Project EIA Constructi

on

300,000


200


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

will be highly pressured to carry out

effective monitoring in the KCA.

prohibited and the violators will be

dismissed.

ix Disturbanc

e to

Aquatic

Flora/Faun

a

During the diversion of water from

headwork drying the first phase of

construction period about 300 m section

will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and

fauna in this section will be impacted.

During this stage the turbidity level of

water will be increased. Thus downstream

flora and fauna will also be impacted.

Disturbance in the present faunal

habitat in the river due to silt during

construction phase will be reduced or

minimized as far as possible.

Environmental Monitoring team

during the construction will further

monitor during construction and

operation stage.

EMU EIA Constructi

on

400,000

x Impact of

Forest Fire

During the construction period,

uncontrolled activities of labor force,

accidental lighting to the forest and

grassland area at and around the project

area could light the fire to the adjoining

forest basically during summer season.

Hoarding boards will be placed at

critical location of the access road,

headwork area, surge shaft and

powerhouse areas as preventive actions

to control the forest fire. Public

awareness programs will be launched

to prevent the forest fires in the local

area. Project workers will be regularly

informed not to throw lighted cigarette

tips in the forest areas and not to use

forest area as picnic spots

EMU EIA Constructi

on

300,000

Subtotal 39,658,720

2.2 Operation Phase

i Disturbanc

e to Fish

Migration

Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are

mid range migratory and Faketa (Barilius

sacra) Katle (Neolissochilus

hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish

species.

The construction of the diversion of weir

in Kabeli River affect in movement of fish

species and migratory fish. In addition, fish

Fish Ladder will be constructed in the

headwork.

Fish fingerlings (5000 number in each

releasing site) will be released in

headworks area, dewatered zone and

powerhouse area once in a year and

environment flow will be mandatory.


included in

project

design and

operation

cost


201


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

and aquatic life migration is influenced by

sediment, water temperature, stream flow,

dissolved oxygen and other direct and

indirect factors which influence swimming

capabilities of the fish

ii Aquatic

Flora and

Fauna

Removal of river boulder for quarry,

diversion of the river, reduced flow along

the stream stretch will have adverse impact

on fish and aquatic life during operation

phase.

To minimize the impact, the Kabeli

Khola habitat will be maintained

making the stretch favorable to aquatic

flora and fauna. Big boulders will be

put or excavated and will be put on the

surface of stream. This will create

favorable habitat for aquatic species.

Further, environmental release of 10 %

of monthly average flow will be

released to the dewatered zone so that

the aquatic lives will not be hampered

from the project.


included in

project

operation

cost

iii Disturbanc

e to

wildlife

habitat

Increased noise level not only drives them

away from the area but also have impact

on their breeding behavior. The increase in

noise level in general and high pitch noise

drive away the terrestrial wildlife at

considerable distance from the project

sites.

Unnecessary movement of operation

phase work force will be controlled. So

that disturbance on the movement of

wildlife having local level migratory or

movement range will not be disturbed.


iv Disturbanc

e to

wildlife

movement

Erected project infrastructures, such as

weir, settling basin, tunnel, and

powerhouse and project support facilities

will act as barrier or disturb the movement

of wildlife in and around the project area.

The electric light arrangement will also be

high in powerhouse and intake area, which

will disturb movement of wildlife in

To minimize the impact afforestation

will be carried out near the vicinity of

the main project component so that it

will help for the habitat restoration of

the local area. In addition, at least 2

wooden bridge or crossing will be

placed so that wild animals can pass

across the Kabeli Khola stretch. No



202


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National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

surrounding areas. additional measures are proposed for

this impact.

v Easy

access to

forest due

to internal

access road

The project will construct about 6 km

internal access road that will reach surge

shaft, construction yards and camps.

Access road will provide an easy access to

forest patch. The area being officially

declared as KCA, the rules and regulation

of KCA will prohibit such activities. With

the opening of access road and

commencement of the project operation, it

is highly likely that the forest resources of

the area will be exploited illegally, despite

the presence of KCA.

To minimize the impact on these forest

patches regular monitoring will be

carried out along these patches.

Furthermore, KCA rules and

regulations will automatically prohibit

illegal activities along the forest

patches.

EMU,

Contractor


included in

project

operation

cost

vi Release of

water to

downstrea

m during

maintenan

ce

The project may have impact with regard

to movement and safety of wildlife due to

release of water in downstream area of

intake during operation. Particularly the

low flow area downstream of intake site

will have this kind of impact. Due to

diversion of water the discharge of stream

between intake and powerhouse will be

change. There will be flow variation

downstream of the powerhouse due to

release of water after power generation.

During maintenance, siren network

will be established in the dewatered

zone and Siren will be blown before 1

hours by the project staff at least four

time at a time interval of 15 minutes as

warning alarm before the release of

water from the dam during the normal

project for maintenance.

EMU,

Contractor


included in

project

operation

cost

vii Reduction

of Water

Flow in the

dewatered

Zone

Reduction of water flow along 5654 m

stretch of Kabeli Khola will have

cumulative impact on aquatic life such as

along the lower section of stream, impact

on phytoplankton, zooplankton and

aquatic insects.

Project will release 10 % of monthly

average flow as environment flow. In

addition project will concentrate

mentioned watershed management

activities so that immediately

additional release can be made as

replenished discharge.

EMU,

Contractor


included in

project

operation

cost


203


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

viii Impact on

KCA flora

and fauna

The operational activity at headwork site

has greater possibility of disturbances on

flora and fauna of nearby forests rather

than to the powerhouse area. During the

operation phase, operation related

workforce and their dependent could

involve in illegal collection of firewood,

NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity

would trigger the status of adjoining flora

and fauna badly.

Forest encroachment, illegal clearance

of forest area, illegal hunting and

poaching activities to the forest will be

strictly banned from project side i.e. by

the project related people, workers and

activities.

EMU,

Contractor

EIA Operation 400,000

ix Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base

line information are vegetation, climate,

and settlement pattern including house

types. The vegetation is mainly mixed

hardwood forest and presence of shrub

land and ground vegetation is significant

in the area. There is fire hazard risk but it

depends upon the activities and their

working area.

Hoarding boards will be placed at

critical location of the access road on

the preventive actions to control the

forest fire. Public awareness programs

will be launched to prevent the forest

fires in the local area. Project workers

will be regularly informed not to throw

lighted cigarette tips in the forest areas

and not to use forest area as picnic

spots.


x Disturbanc

e to

migratory

birds

As the project area lies in the route of

many migratory birds, the clearance of the

trees in this area will disturb in the habitat,

nesting, forage, their behavior and

migration. Habitat disturbance will

significantly affect the diversity, richness,

abundance and species composition of

avifauna in disturbed habitats.

Minimum tree will be cleared. Workers

will be prohibited from entering forest

area. Workforce will be instructed and

controlled and will be punished if

found to be indulged on activities that

damages the habitat of birds.

EMU,

Contractor


included in

project

operation

cost

Subtotal 1,200,000

3. Social and economic environment



204


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

i Acquisitio

n of land,

& other

private

property

The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from

private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent

purpose and 0.15 ha private cultivated

land for temporary purposes.

Total leasement cost of the temporary

private land is NRs. 97,500.

Temporarily used land will be later

rehabilitated. The rehabilitation cost

will be bear by project.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

55,272,500

ii Issues

related to

livelihood

of affected

settlements

The construction of SKHHEP will affect

the households of 25 families due to

permanent & temporary land acquisition

and other are also affected due to their

nearest settlement within the project

area. The livelihood of these affected

families will change by the project.

These families will cope with the

positive as well as negative impacts due

to construction of the project.

The construction of SKKHEP will

effect livelihood of Sirijangha ward 6,

7 and 8 and nearby settlements.

However, the adverse impacts are

negligible.

Project EIA Constructi

on

250,000

iii Loss of

standing

crops

2.19 MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28

MT of maize and 1.50 MT of Millet,

0.59 MT of Barley, 1.48 MT of beans

and 3.55 MT of potato will be lost.

However no monetary evaluation of

medicinal plants has been carried out.

No commercial farming of NTFPs and

medicinal plant plot will be affected

because of the project.

In case of compensation required for

the standing crops estimated

production from the project requires

to compensation of 15.92 MT of food

crop (paddy, wheat, maize, millet,

barley, beans, potato), 1500 bundles

of Nigalo, 1600 kg of vegetables, 2.5

MT of Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder

from both permanent and temporary

required lands will be compensated.


on

2,128,229

iv Occupatio

nal health

& safety

hazard

Personnel involved in handling of fuel,

lubricants and hazardous material have

risks of facing health hazards. Poor

drinking water, lack of hygienic

environment in labor-camps,

unmanaged work-camps and haphazard

The project will provide Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE) such as

hard hat, eye glass, safety boot, safety

belt, gloves, firefighting accessories,

caution signals and other safety

equipment as required at particular

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

300,000


205


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

stockpiling are the major areas that will

increase the chances of the workforce

being exposed to health risks. Potential

impacts to health are respiratory

diseases, eye infections, dysentery,

diarrhea and cholera.

sites and work areas.

Safety training will be implemented

and any loss of life or injury will also

be compensated as per prevailing rules.

The safety training for the project

workers will be conducted prior to the

construction work.

v Increase in

pressure on

local

health &

sanitation

facilities

The additional workforces and their

family from outsides to the local area

will increase the pressure on local health

& sanitation facilities. The impact is

envisaged to the public taps, sanitation

facilities, and local market.

To minimize the impact the contractor

will be made responsible via contract

clause for the primary health service

(first aid) and campsite management.

The project proponent will make

available the labors with potable

drinking water, clean toilets with

adequate water facilities. Toilets will

be made in temporary camps with the

ratio of one toilet for 15 people.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

DPR

vi Pressure

on

communit

y

infrastruct

ures &

resources

During construction phase, SKKHEP

will have major impacts community

infrastructures and resources. In road

network, we expect a flow of about 70

vehicles /day during the period of

construction period frequently. The

movement of people along foot trails

from proposed access road will not be

disturbed by the implementation of the

project.

The schools of the project affected

wards, which provide education to the

children of project staff, and workers

will be supported. Support to such

social infrastructures will be as per the

enhancement program of project and

will be operated under the

Environment and Social Management

Unit of the Project.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

300,000

vii Impact due

to conflict

of interest

The influx of outside construction

workers with different social and

cultural background may create tension

and conflicts causing impact on existing

law and order situation in the project

To minimize the conflict of interest

project will facilitate the Project wards

to formulate a Super Kabeli

Hydropower Concern Committee. The

project management will deal with

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

300,000


206


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

area. The anti-social activities such as

alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking,

prostitution and hooliganism may

provoke social disturbances.

local people with the help and

coordination with committee and vice-

versa. Conflict of interest will be

discussed well within the committee

and project management unit.

viii Impact on

social,

cultural &

religious

practices

The settlement is very far from the

project area and the camping sites will

be constructed in the construction sites,

there is very less chance to meet the

outside laborers and local people. So the

impact on social, cultural & religious

practices of the locals is very less.

To minimize the impact on social and

cultural practices of local communities,

a strong code of conduct will be

enforced to the outside construction

workers. Alcohol and gambling will be

prohibited in camp area. Priority will

be given to the local people in project

works.


on

200,000

ix Issues on

law and

order

The influx of outside construction

workers with different social and

cultural background will create tension

and conflicts causing impact on existing

law and order situation in the project

area. The anti-social activities such as

alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and

hooliganism may provoke social

disturbances

The project personnel will be advised

through special circulation that the

illegal extraction of floral and faunal

resources of the KCA or dealing of the

illegal extracted resources will be

punishable as per KCA rules.

Coordination will be maintain with the

local and district level administrative

units of GoN. The proposed awareness

program will also minimized this

impact to some extent.


on

200,000

x Issues

related to

gender &

disadvanta

ge groups

The impact of the project construction is

also expected on the poor and

disadvantage people who might be

directly not affected by the project but

affected in other ways such as price hike,

shortage of consumable goods, social

inferiority and less opportunity of

project related benefits.

Participation of Dalit and women in

Super Kabeli Hydropower Concern

Committee will be encouraged by the

project. Special training to Women,

Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,

Sarki, Bhote, Mawo (Disadvantageous

groups) and Indigenous groups will be

provided under the Environmental


on

150,000


207


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

Enhancement Program.

xi Impacts

due to

blasting

and

constructio

n activities

During the construction of powerhouse

and powerhouse facilities settlement

area will bear disturbance due to noise,

dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle

movement, etc. Similarly, noise and dust

emission due to movement of vehicles

and construction activities will affect

these both settlements.

Anchor blocks will protect the

penstock pipe along the difficult and

sensitive terrain and also maintain the

natural flow of water from gullies.

Blockage to the natural flow due to

penstock pipe/penstock alignment will

be strictly prohibited.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs

xii Issues of

foot trails

along due

to project

componen

ts

Existing foot trails near the project area

of the SKKHEP will be affected due to

the project. The foot trails will be used

for the transportation of the construction

materials and labors to reach each tower

location. The stability of the foot trails

may be degraded due to this.

6 km internal access road will be

constructed for the project which after

completion of construction will easily

be used by local of the areas. So foot

trails that are influenced due to project

construction will be relocated on

suitable location that ease assess in

project structure and its temporary

facilities.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

400,000

xiii Issues on

houses

and

settlement

s along

water

conveyanc

e

alignment

There are less settlements within

Proposed SKKHEP, so no major

impacts on house and settlement.

Project has come up with the

following measure to have proper

managements of the settlements

around the core area so that the

settlements will not disturb the

ongoing development of the project.

Local government will be advised of

the expanding settlements and its

environmental consequences to step

in for management.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs

xix Issues of

blasting

and other

constructi

Noise pollution will be major concern

during construction phase. The blasting

activities during construction of would

likely to exceed this threshold of noise

The petroleum bunkers will be placed

in a separate area in a concrete bonded

area with a facility of oil and grease

separator. The impact will be

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs


208


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

on

activities

level. incorporated since the design phase of

the project. Anchor blocks will protect

the Penstock pipe along the difficult

and sensitive terrain and also maintain

the natural flow of water from gullies.

Xiv Impacts

related to

tourism

activity

The professional peoples, students from

different colleges and even other big

investors may visit the area to see how

the project is running in its construction

phase. This may create problems in the

local area.

The tourist will not be allowed roaming

alone in the project area without any

personnel of the project. The materials

needed for the tourist will be made

available as far as possible so that it do

not pressurized the local resources.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs

Xv Water Use

Rights

The Impacts of water rights while

operating this project is non-existence at

the time of this study. Water use conflict,

back water conflict or overlapping of

coordinates is not anticipated with this

project. River water is not used for any

other proposes of water mill or irrigation

canal within the stretch.

To minimize the impact of water use,

the project will further release of 10%

of monthly flow from Kabeli River.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs

Xvi Impact of

solid

waste

If the domestic waste is dumped in the

streams, degradation of the waste will



life in the streams. In addition,

improperly disposed domestic waste

will spoil the natural beauty of the area,

cause foul smell, and attract flies,

rodents and other scavengers which

could produce public health concerns,

for the construction workers as well as

the local people.

Segregation of solid waste and

recycling, reduce and reuse system of

solid waste management system will be

strictly followed. Solid Waste

Management Regulation of GoN, 2070

will be strictly followed. Regular

cleaning and maintenance program for

drainage systems, sumps and oil

interceptors.

Project,

contractor

EIA Constructi

on

Included in

project

Constructio

n costs

xvii. Land In the course of construction of project Unnecessary land will not be allowed Project, EIA Constructi Included in


209


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

Encroach

ment

components the possibility of forest

encroachment, encroachment of barren

land and river flood plain may occur.

The highly valued standing forest

resources such as timber, firewood,

litter, fodder, NTFPs may be

unnecessarily harvested.

for encroachment. Illegal clearing,

encroachment to forest area will be

strictly banned to the project and

project workers. Haphazard clearance

and NTFPs collection will be checked.

contractor on project

Constructio

n costs

Subtotal 59,500,729

3.2 Operation Phase

i Decrease

or

withdrawal

in

economic

activities

The withdrawal of economic activities

will drastically reduce the demand for

local agricultural, dairy and meat

products resulting reduced income of the

local communities of the area. This

boom and bust effects of the project may

also have some impact on the lifestyle of

the local people in terms of their income

and expenditure patterns.

The project will run counseling

programs to tell the workers about the

availability of works in similar projects

running elsewhere in Nepal demanding

the skills they acquired from the

Project. The local farmers, business

people and traders will be made aware

of the income generating activities that

could be operated by the availability of

the electricity in their area.

Project EIA Operation 300,000

ii Occupatio

nal, health

& safety

hazards

Occupational Health and Safety aspect is

one of the likely impacts to be

experienced during the operation and

maintenance period of the project. Lack

of training on operation and

maintenance skill and unavailability of

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

may also cause risks for human live.

Safety equipment required for the

operation and maintenance of the

headworks and powerhouse will be

provided. Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE) and other safety

equipment as required during operation

phase will be provided.

Project EIA Operation 300,000

iii Reduction

of

agricultur

al land

There will be reduction of 8.15 ha

agricultural land permanently and 0.15

ha land temporarily.

The temporarily used land will be

rehabilitated by project itself and

handed over to the respective owner.

PAFs will be given special

agriculture enhancement training

Project,

contractor

EIA Operation Included in

3.1, i


210


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

(particularly focus on Cardamom) so

that they can increase their

production from the remaining land.

iv Release of

water

downstrea

m during

maintenan

ce in the

dewatered

stretch on

the people

& wildlife

The release of water from settling basin

flushing will sometimes hamper the

local people & livestock rearing

downstream. The dewatered zone

section is about 5654 km, the impact

could be more sever near to the proposed

powerhouse.

Siren network will be established in the

dewatered zone by the project. Local

people will be given awareness training

to safeguard their cattle from the flood

plain area after the siren is blown.

Project

contractor


included in

project

operation

cost

v Issues

arising

due to

Penstock

pipe

crossing &

project

structures

on springs

& water

sources

In the gullies soil erosion and land

instability will be increased due to

blockage of natural drainage. The

natural flow of flood and water in these

sections will be blocked and water will

be diverted on either side. The

unmanaged flow of water to the area will

create the formation of large size gully

and lower section of agriculture will

have siltation problem if not properly

managed.

The impact will be incorporated since

the design phase of the project. Anchor

blocks and Saddle support will protect

the penstock along the difficult and

sensitive terrain but also maintain the

natural flow of water from gullies.


penstock pipe/ penstock alignment will

be strictly prohibited.

Project,

contractor


vi Dislocatio

n /

disturbanc

e to foot

trails

Due to implementation the project, there

will be movement of the heavy vehicles

carrying construction materials and also

the movement of labors to the

construction sites. This may damage the

local foot trails. In that case stability

measure will be taken.

Destructed land area will be stabilized

immediately and destructed structures

will be also repaired instantly or other

protective measures will be also

constructed if necessary. Stability

measures will be taken as per

requirements.

Project,

contractor



211


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Document

Timing of

action

Cost (NRs.)

vii Water Use

Right

Water use conflict, back water conflict

or overlapping of coordinates is not

anticipated with this project. River water

is not used for any other proposes of

water mill or irrigation canal within the

stretch.

The environmental flow (10% of

monthly flow) is strictly monitored so

that the aquatic fauna could live and

could do their activities. But natural

condition of ecosystem could not be

anticipated and impact will remain as

residual.

Project

contractor


included in

project

operation

cost

viii Issue of

increase in

tourism/ec

otourism

and its

associated

pressure

on local

resources

After the operation of the project,

ecotourism will be more promoted than

before. Due to which, there will be more

pressure in the local resources. Local

resource such as drinking water

resources, road and forest may be

impacted due to SKKHEP.

To minimize the pressure in the local

resources due to visit of more

tourists, health and drinking water

facilities will be established, tourist

will not allowed to enter the forest

without guide, hunting and poaching

will be strictly prohibited.

Project

contractor


ix Impacts to

indigenou

s and

vulnerable

communit

ies/groups

of Project

Area

During operational stage of project daily

wages labor will be deployed for

operational works. The project area also

dwells the indigenous group like Limbu,

Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,

Mawo which may be discriminated

while hiring the workers.

Local women will be hired to the extent

possible. Priority to job opportunity

will be provided to the people of

affected indigenous, vulnerable and

backward group or families in the

project area in order to raise their living

standard. Special training to Women,

Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,

Sarki, Bhote, Mawo communities.

Project

contractor


Sub total 1,550,000

The item in built in project design and included in tender documents are not considered in this estimated mitigation cost. Those costs are

tie up with other activities and included in total project cost.


212

CHAPTER: VIII 8 COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM

8.1 Background

Stretch of Jongin and Gowatar village of Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8 is partially

affected by the project. All the project component lies within KCA area.

Except for few households in all project affected Rural Municipality (Sirijangha Rural

Municipality- 6, 7 and 8) rest of the people of project area are farmers. Main livelihood of the

majority of the household is based on the subsistent agriculture and livestock. Irrespective of

the ownership on land, the land around the habitation is crucial for their livelihood. Grassland,

shrub land, forestland and the river flood plains are the common properties, which provide a

number of production and services to the local communities. The disadvantageous, poor and

destitute people are dependent on these land resources and any effects to these common lands

have direct and indirect implications on the livelihood of these people.

The mitigation measures detailed in Chapter VII Mitigation measures has an objective to

address the livelihood restoration of the affected people at least to the level prior to the project

implementation. The measures for resource restoration, though implemented take long time to

recuperate. The immediate loss of the community resources in any form affects the people at

the bottom of societal status and these are the people who are also economically deprived.

These people though they do not loose directly from the project are affected indirectly in

various ways and normally the development projects do not address their impacts. It is for this

reason the environmental programs have been framed to bring these people within the project

assistance programs while doing services to the community of the area as a whole. Thus,

mitigation enhancement measures are also incorporated by the environmental enhancement

measures.

The focus group discussions and community meetings (XV) conducted at various occasions

during EIA study reveal a number of development aspirations from the project area people

(Table 8.1) though provisioning of this development aspiration of the local people is the

responsibility of the government of Nepal. However, for various reasons the GoN is not able

to provide these development needs to local people. The proposed development project, as it is

based on the local water resources; the local area communities demand their development

aspirations from the developer of the project as an exchange for sharing their resource. Besides,

many development lending agencies and the non-governmental organizations also put

emphasis for such projects to contribute to the local development.

The programs designed for implementation, are certainly not going to meet all the aspiration

of the people, however will partially fulfill the aspiration within the limits of the project

capacity. The project intends to implement the environmental enhancement programs as a part

of its corporate responsibility and seek full co-operation from the local communities in the

implementation of the selected programs. The Environmental Enhancement program

formulated in the section below is developed by the proponent to address the various losses of

the development area communities and also to meet the development aspiration of the local

area communities. The environmental programs designed are more of thematic nature and

ensure to fund the thematic areas as specified in sections below. The programs will be fully


213

developed within the given budgetary limits in specific locations as identified by the local

people and proponent. The project envisages constitution of one Environmental Enhancement

Committee (EEC) (may be in a form of sarokar samitte) combining all stakeholder, formed in

a democratic way by the local people. The EEC of the affected villages and project management

will have a responsibility to select the specific program in the chosen thematic development

sector. The project will provide support on the selected program through EEC with the co-

ordination of project management.

To give a sense of local ownership to the programs to be implemented on the project support,

allocated funds will be matched with local contribution in cash and kinds. The EEC will have

a responsibility to arrange such matching funds from local contribution and will keep all

documents and accounts related to the supported programs. Such an approach is found to work

effectively in other areas, particularly in the program decision making by the local community

and in operating and maintaining the programs after the completion. To address the

development aspiration of the local people and community, the proponent has planned various

environmental enhancement programs. The programs planned here are basically based on the

outcome of various consultation meeting, focused group discussion and public hearing carried

out with stakeholder, local people and community in different phases of EIA study. Such

outcomes are focused and targeted, as the local people are more familiar with the pragmatic

need for the development of their local area. However, some of the programs proposed here

are based on field level study by the EIA team as well.

The programs proposed here will help to accomplish the development requirements of the local

people of the project area located in rural setting in various ways. All these programs will be

developed as a part of corporate social responsibility with active participation of local people,

stakeholder and community incorporating their relevant need and requirement. The

enhancement programs are prioritized for Sirijangha Rural Municipality. The proposed

programs of environmental enhancement will help to support sustainable socio-economic

activities in the project area, improve the living standard of the local communities, benefit local

residents and encompass the atmosphere of trust to the project. All these will play a key role in

balancing environment, society and the corporate business. The programs will be fully

developed within the given budgetary limits in specific locations as identified by the local area

communities of the projects affected settlements, (Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8).

Apart from the above, the EEC will have a function of co-ordination of the project activities

on behalf of the project area people and provide inputs to the project Environmental and Social

Unit (ESU) for better environmental and social performance.

Table 8.1: Development Aspiration of the Local communities of the Project Area SN Sector (Sirijangha Rural Municipality-6, 7 and 8)

1 Education Providing financial support to the Ganesh Ma. Vi. school to

increase the educational status of the Sirijangha Rural

Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8

2 Health Providing financial support for health post for Sirijangha Rural

Municipality

3 Road Support in construction of road from Thurpu bazaar to Hapu khola,

Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S and to

Yakchana Bhanjyang


214

SN Sector (Sirijangha Rural Municipality-6, 7 and 8)

4 Water Supply Support for the safe drinking water

5 Employment

Opportunity

The project should give priority to local people for employments

in the proposed project based on their skill and capability. Limbu,

Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo of the project will be

emphasized through employment opportunity.

6 Project Share Project share right shall be given according to the existing law of

GoN

7 Rapport Building Formulate One Sarokar Samiti of SKKHP immediately so that it

is easy to deal in local issues.

8 Others Follow ILO 169 rules and regulation during construction and

operation of SKKHP

9 Coordination with local people during construction and operation

of the project is must.


8.1 Programs committed by the Project and allocation of Budgets

8.1.1 Support to Schools & Education

The demand from local communities is financial support for the establishment of better

education in the local area. The project alone could not meet these needs, however, intends to

support them. The project has committed to support Ganesh Ma. Vi. School. The project will

provide blackboards, furniture sets and sports materials. The total cost estimated for support is

NRs. 1,200,000. The project will play a positive role for establishing betterment of education

in the area, (Sirijangha Rural Municipality, 6, 7 and 8). The project will coordinate with related

line agencies for their support.

Table 8.2: Assistance to Schools of the Project Affected Area

S

N

Rural Municipality Blackbo

ards

(NRs)

Furniture

(NRs)

Sports

NRs)

Other building

and playground

support (NRs)

Total

(NRs)

1 Sirijangha Rural

Municipality

100,000 500,000 400,000 200,000 1,200,000


8.1.2 Assistance for improvement of Health Facility

The public demand for providing awareness program and staffs in health post and financial

support to health post for Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8. The estimated money will

be NRs. 700,000 for initiating improvement on local health facilities.

Table 8.3: Cost estimate for the assistance for the improvement of health facilities S

N

Affected Rural

Municipality

Health

Awareness

(NRs)

Financial Support

(NRs)

Health Equipment

Support (NRs)

Total

(NRs)

1 Sirijangha Rural

Municipality

200,000 300,000 200,000 700,000


8.1.3 Assistance for Safe Drinking Water Supply

The local people demand to support for the safe drinking water, protection of water source and

provide financial support for construction of water tanks for the locals of ward 6, 7 and 8 of

Sirijangha Rural Municipality. A total of NRs. 1,500,000 is allocated for the safe drinking


215

water supply for the nearby settlements. The mobilization and selection of project to be

contributed will be carried out with the help of EEC during the support time.

Table 8.4: Cost estimates for safe drinking water supply support

S

N

Affected Rural

Municipality

Source

Conservation

(NRs)

Support to User

Groups

(NRs)

Infrastructure

Support (NRs)

Total

(NRs)

1 Sirijangha Rural

Municipality

500,000 500,000 500,000 1,500,00

0


8.1.4 Assistance to the existing road improvement & new road construction within the

Project Rural Municipality

The project understands this aspiration of the locals of Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and

8 and will support the communities of this settlements on this regard. Further, the local

community has taken initiative to extend the road from Thurpu bazaar to Hapu khola, Sidingwa

khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S and to Yakchana Bhanjyang.

In total, about 6 km long and 5.5 m wide internal project access road will be constructed to

reach surge shaft, construction yards and camps. However, the project support will be limited

to the alignment survey of the rural roads, preliminary design and cost estimations and

provisioning of bulldozer for track opening for allocated period of time only for establishment

of new community road building. The estimated budget for existing road improvement & new

construction of road in the affected Rural Municipality is presented in Table 8.5. The project

will not contribute in cash for any of the above support. The foot trail development will also

be consider for support within the allocated budget of following table. This support will be

allocated at pre construction time of project.

Table 8.5: Cost Estimates for Rural Road Assistance S

N

Affected

Rural

Municipality

Alignment

survey

(NRs)

Bulldozer

Support

(NRs)

Gabion Wall and

Bioengineering

techniques (NRs)

Establishm

ent of

drainage

system

(NRs)

Total

(NRs)

1 Sirijangha

Rural

Municipality

1,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000


8.1.5 Assistance to the local trail and road improvement

SKKHP will help the local communities for the improvement of local road up to project sites

from Lelep village and powerhouse improvement of foot trail to headworks and powerhouse.

The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for the roads development.

8.1.6 Agriculture Assistance Program

Agricultural assistance program will be implemented in the project area to minimize the

standing crop loss due to land leasing and acquisition and to meet increasing demand for

food and fodder. The basic objective of the program will be to increase the agriculture

production of the people affected people by land acquisition/leasing by providing them

easy access of agricultural extension, services including improved variety of seeds,

technology etc. The project will allocate NRs 3,000,000 for the agriculture assistance program.


216

8.1.7 Training related to livelihood improvement

SKKHP will also provide various training for improvement of skills related to various

activities, like hotel and hospitality, maintenance of electronic device, electro-mechanical

works, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization and spoil handling, rearing of

cash crops, skills related to processing of NTFPs/MAPs, and other related training. The project

affected people will be encouraged in knowledge sharing, livestock such as yak, sheep

rearing and commercial agriculture such as alaichi, chiraito etc. The target of the program

is to increase local production in agriculture sector. Programs will be launched in

coordination with affected Rural Municipality, Local clubs and NGOs working within the

district. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for the training.

8.1.8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups

SKKHP will launch various programs, training and campaign that will ultimately empowered

women, against women violence and other disadvantages groups. Improvement of Maternity

health facilities, Women community building in project affected wards of Sirijangha Rural

Municipality. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for trainings.

8.1.9 Support to local community based organizations

SKKHP will also support various local community organizations that are working on project-

affected area particularly involving in protection, conservation of wild animals like Ghorals,

Red panda, Snow leopards, birds, fishes and amphibians. This will help in strengthening the

capacity of local organizations. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for supporting local

community based organizations.

8.1.10 Other activities for community and infrastructure development

SKKHP will also help in overall development of settlements majorly Limbu, Rai, Gurung,

Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo and other minor communities.

Project will support infrastructures like drinking water facilities, temples, bridges, gumba, and

public toilets in order to enhance cultural importance. This activity will be determined on

interaction of local and proponent of SKKHP during its operation stage of project. The project

will allocate NRs 1,200,000 for this heading.

8.1.11 Project Share

The proponent is committed to provide the 10% paid share right to the local people.

8.2 Cost Summary of Community Support Program

The cost for Community Support Program is allocated with the co-ordination of the local

people. The cost summary for CSP is summarized in Table 8.6:

Table 8.6: Cost Summary for Community Support Programs S. N. CSP Program Costs (NRs.)

1 School Support 1,200,000

2 Health Care Facility Support 700,000

3 Safe Drinking Water Supply Support 1,500,000

4 Upgrading & establishment of Road Development 6,000,000

5 Local trail and road improvement 1,000,000

6 Agriculture Assistance Program 3,000,000


217

S. N. CSP Program Costs (NRs.)

7 Training related to livelihood improvement 1,000,000

8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups 1,000,000

9 Support to local community based organizations 1,000,000

10 Other activities 1,200,000

11 Total CSP cost 17,600,000

12 Total Project Cost 2,338,580,000

13 CSP as % of total project cost 0.75%


The Community Support Program will be carried out mostly during the construction period for

the Rapport Buildlng with the local community. Implementation of CSP will be carried out in

coordination with local stakeholders and affected Rural Municipality.


218


219

Table 8.7: Incoporation of issues raised by local stakeholdrs

S.N Stakeholder

/Stakeholder

consultation Location

Date (B.S.) Issues raised in

consultation

Response to the demand

of local stakeholder by

Proponent and

Comment Incorporation

Remarks Issues considered/not

considered

1 Sirijungha Rural

Municipalities ward no:

6 of Taplejung District

2077/04 /19 Proper compensation should

be provided for the project-

affected land during project

implementations.

Compensation to the

affected private property

and damages because of

project will be

compensated by project.

Refer to section 7.2.3.1 Considered

Proper compensation should

be provided for the project

affected plants and trees.

Compensation to the

affected the affected loss

and trees because of

project will be

compensated by project.


Afforestation program must

be held for the loss of trees

Compensatory

afforestation and removal

of trees only in necessary

areas.


Electricity facilities should

be provided to the local

people.

Being the project affected

Rural Municipality, there

will be regular supply of

electricity and enhanced

the power supply in the

project area.

Refer to section 7.1.1,

iv

Considered

Employment opportunity

should be given to the local

people according to their

skill and ability

Skilled human resources

are not available in local

area. Unskilled and

semiskilled job

opportuities will be

priotrized to local

Refer to section 7.1.1 i Considered


220

S.N Stakeholder

/Stakeholder



consultation



Proponent and



considered

Share should be provided to

the local people.

Paid Share right (10% on

equity) has been

provisoned by the project.

Refer to Section 8.2.11 Considered

Project should reconstruct

the temples, road, bridge,

gumba, etc. as

compensation of its

destruction.

Project will be organized

program, related to social

responsibility sectors.

Refer to Section 8.3 Considered

2 Sirijungha Rural



2077/04/ 20 During the construction of

project effect on living and

grazing of Wild life

shouldbe minimized.

The governmentally

protected flora and fauna

that occur around the area

will be prime emphasis for

the conservation and

preservation.

Refer to section 7.2.2.1

vii

Considered

Hunting of Wild animal and

birds should be prohibited.

The proponent will ensure

that hunting and trapping

of wildlife will not be

taken place in any

circumstances.

The construction

contractor will provide

special instructions to all

its staff and workforce on

conservation issues.

Purchasing and sale of

illegally hunted wildlife

products will be strictly

prohibited and the

Refer to Section 7.2.2

viii

Considered


221

S.N Stakeholder

/Stakeholder



consultation



Proponent and



considered

violators will be

dismissed.

If there is chances of

causing any effect on

wildlife then their habitat

must be conserved including

social awareness program

The governmentally

protected flora and fauna

that occur around the area

will be prime emphasis for

the conservation and

preservation.

Refer to section 7.2.2.1

vii

Considered

On the Project affected area

suitable trees should be

planted .

Compensatory

afforestation, minimum

site clearance by stripping

and removal of trees only

in necessary areas will be

focused by the project.

Refert to section

7.2.1.1i

Considered

Proper compensation of

Land and project affected

people should be provided

with employement

Identified loss of land will

be compensated by mutual

understandings.


3 Sirijungha Rural



2077/04/ 21 Proper compensation should

be provided for the project-

affected land during project

implementations.

Identified loss of land will

be compensated by mutual

understandings.


Proper compensation should

be provided for the project

affected plants and trees.

Based on the government's

recent policy decision of

1:25 compensated land for

the using government land

permanently.



222

S.N Stakeholder

/Stakeholder



consultation



Proponent and



considered

Afforestation program must

be held for the loss of trees.

Compensatory

afforestation and removal

of trees only in necessary

areas.


Employment opportunity

should be given to the local

people according to their

skill and ability.

The employment will

increase the income level

of the people and priority

will be given to residence

of affected Rural

Municipality.

Refer to section 7.1.1 i Considered

Share should be provided to

the local people.

The proponent is also

committed to provide the

10% paid share to the local

people.


Electricity facilities should

be provided to the local

people.

Being the project affected

Rural Municipality, there

will be regular supply of

electricity and enhanced

the power supply in the

project area.

Refer to section 7.1.2

iv

Considered

Project should reconstruct

the temples, road, bridge,

gumba, etc. as

compensation of its

destruction.

Project will support

infrastructures like

drinking water facilities,

temples, bridges, gumba,

and toilets in order to

enhance cultural

importances.



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Table 8.8: Issues raised in Public hearing and its incorporation S.N Issues raised in consultation Response to the demand of

local stakeholder by

Proponent and Comment

Incorporation


considered

1 From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to

Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar,

Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project

Area, Project should construct black top Road.


infrastructures to enhance

cultural importances.


2 Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining

Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7.


infrastructures, bridges

enhance cultural importances.


3 Distribution of free electricity to the locals. Being the project affected Rural

Municipality there will be

regular supply of electricity and

enhanced the power supply in

the project area.

Refer to section 8.2.10 Considered

4 Use of local resources and priority of employment

to the locals.

First priority will be given to

residence of Rural Municipality.

Refer to section 7.1.1, i Considered

5 Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7

to teach technical subject like Science.


infrastructures to enhance

school


6 Proper compensation to the land owner according to

agreements between them.

Identified loss of land will be

compensated by mutual

understandings.



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CHAPTER: IX 9 REVIEW OF RELEVANT POLICIES, ACTS, RULES, GUIDELINES AND

CONVENTIONS

9.1 General

Environmental management is relatively a new subject in Nepal. This chapter focuses on brief

description of the policy, legal and administrative framework within which SKKHP will be

implemented. The proponent will comply with the legal requirements of Government of Nepal

(GoN) and will be responsible for fulfilling provisions of all relevant acts while implementing

the project.

The current policies of GoN stress on the importance of environmentally sound economic

development and growth of the private sector through economic liberalization. The

construction and operation of the proposed project will be in accordance with Environment

Protection Act, 2053, Environment Protection Act, 2076, Forest Act, 2049, Forest Act, 2076,

National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029, Hydropower Development Policy, 2058,

An act to regulate and control International Trade of Threatened Fauna and Flora, 2073,

Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over the National Forest Area for National Priority

Projects, 2076, Guidelines for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the

Protected Areas, 2065, Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandhi Adesh, 2074. Some of the

policies, acts, rules, guidelines and conventions relevant to the proposed project are described

below. The proponent will comply with all laws given below and also follow other laws,

besides the ones mentioned in the document, but are attracted to various project activities. The

proponent will take permission from the concerned agency/ies, if required, prior to construction

of access road.

9.2 Constitution

9.2.1 Constitution of Nepal

Article 30 of the Constitution of Nepal has provisioned right to clean and healthy environment

to every citizen. Article 30(1) of the Constitution has assured the right to to live in clean and

healthy environment. In article 30 (2) it is mentioned that the polluters shall pay for any loss

and damage due to environmental pollution caused by them. In article 30 (3) it is mentioned

that for the nation’s development necessary laws, rules, can be developed to maintain

environment and development. Constitution of Nepal has clearly mentioned and emphasized

on environmental awareness to general public, minimization/avoidance of the impact of

physical development works on environment and rare species with due emphasis on

conservation. The constitution also deals with the biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of

natural resources and equal distribution of benefits. Article 34 has mentioned that appropriate

wages should be provided to the labor. In Article 51 (G) Conservation Management and

Utilization of Natural Resources shall be taken as national policy for the development of nation.


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9.3 Plan, Policies and Strategies

9.3.1 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81

The plan was developed by National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal for 2076/77

to 2080/81. The plan has emphasized on employment focused economic growth. It has planned

to attract investments on energy/electricity as the important sectors. The plan has envisioned

the applications of environmental standards, strengthening of environmental impact assessment

(EIA) and implementation of cleaner production and energy efficiency program. The plan also

emphasizes on the need of sustainable utilization of natural resources of Nepal.

9.3.2 National Environment Policy, 2076

The main aim of National Environment Policy, 2076 is to stop, control and mitigate all types

of pollutions such as water, air, soil, noise, electromagnetic wave, chemical and radioactive

hazard, management of wastes from the household, institution, service area and all other

sources, expansion of park and greenery in urban and municipal areas, ensure environmental

Justice for pollution affected victims, ensure participation in sustainable management and

protection of environment and natural resource, enhance research and capacity building for

environmental protection and management, reuse and recycle the available resource as far as

possible and use of land according to Land use plan.

9.3.3 Hydropower Development Policy, 2058

The Hydropower Development Policy, 2058 emphasizes on the need of implementation of

mitigation measures in project affected areas. The policy states that resettlement and

rehabilitation works shall be conducted in line with the criteria approved by the GoN. The

policy clearly states that hydropower development shall be emphasized with due consideration

of environmental conservation and as an alternate to bio and thermal energy. Section 6.3 deals

with the provision for investment in generation, transmission and distribution of energy

whereas section 6.1.2.3 (a) deals with different kinds of licenses required at different levels of

project development. The policy also recommends environment flow of 10% of the average

minimum monthly flow or as recommended by the study.

9.3.4 National Forest Policy, 2075

The National Forest Policy, 2075 aims to strengthen the forest resources of Nepal. The policy

aims:

To manage forest resource sustainably, increase productivity of forest area/sector and

increase overall production from forest.

To conserve biodiversity, conservation of sources, and equal sharing and distribution

of environmental services gained from conservation.

The policy also aims to conservation of water, soil on basin level studying and planning

based on catchment level. The Hydropower sector while promoting conservation at

local level shall consider and act on the basis of watershed conservation.

To encourage private sector for the development and conservation of forest sector. It

also aims to promote the forest based entrepreneurships, diversification, value addition

through marketing and creation and promotion of green employment.

To reduce and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate related hazards and enhance

climate change adaptation measures and resilience in Nepal.


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Good governance, inclusion and social justice for the conservation of forest resources.

To enhance the conservation by encouraging forest conservation groups to manage

forest in scientific way and to strengthen ecosystem and other environmental services.

Hydropower projects in a basin shall work in close coordination with Ministry of

Forests and Environment for the sustainable utilization of resources, promotion of

biodiversity, conservation of water resources, and soil in the project area.

9.3.5 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, (2014-2020)

The NBSAP provides a guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has

been prepared to meet the national needs for managing biodiversity on a sustainable basis for

the benefit of present and future generations, and to fulfil the country’s international

obligations. It has a long-term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short-term (up to

2020) strategies and priorities for action.

The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan has been prepared with a 35-year vision of

“The conservation of biodiversity for sound and resilient ecosystems and national prosperity”.

The overall goal is to significantly enhance the integrity of Nepal’s ecological systems by 2020,

thereby contributing to human well-being and sustainable development of the country. This is

to be achieved through implementation of a number of sector specific and cross-sectoral

strategies and priority actions. Eight principles underpin the strategy and 13 broad strategic

approaches, experience gained and lessons learned from implementation of the Nepal

Biodiversity Strategy (2002) and Nepal Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan (2006) have

provided the necessary context for formulating this strategy.

The specific strategies and associated actions are grouped into the six biodiversity themes and

15 crosscutting subjects. The strategies for managing protected area and forest biodiversity aim

at reducing or managing human pressures on natural resources, reducing human-wildlife

conflict, controlling invasive alien species, mitigating climatic threats to ecosystems, species

and their habitats, and addressing economic and social concerns of local and indigenous

communities through targeted programs, enabling policy and legislative environment.

Reducing the rate of loss and degradation of forest habitats, improving biological connectivity,

enhancing knowledge and understanding about forests, promoting conservation of species and

genetic diversities, and enhancement of forest-based livelihoods are some of the focused areas.

9.3.6 National Water Plan, (2002- 2007)

The National Water Plan 2002-2007 (NWP) was prepared to implement the Water Sector

Strategy of Nepal. The Plan targets an increase in Nepal’s hydropower generation from 600

MW in 2007 to 4,000 MW by 2027. The NWP emphasizes on the need for Strategic

Environmental Assessment. Section 7 of the NWP highlights the Environment Management

Plan (EMP) as a strategic document for the implementation, monitoring and auditing of

environmental protection programs.

9.3.7 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050

Nepal Environmental Policy and Acton Plan was endorsed to further institutionalize

environmental protection in the development processes. NEPAP recognizes that a growing

number of people are exposed to pollution from industrial enterprises. NEPAP identifies the

following factors as contributing to this process;


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Industrial plan inappropriately cited close to population centres;

Insufficient emphasis on fuel efficiency;

Little, if any, pollution abatement equipment used for reducing emission; and

A total lack of industry pollution standards;

Hence, the NEPAP has emphasized on the need for mitigating adverse environmental impacts

to address urban and industrial development, air and water pollution and infrastructures

development.

9.3.8 Forest Sector Strategy, (2016– 2025)

The Forestry Sector Strategy (FSS) is formulated to guide the future development of Nepal's

forestry sector for the coming ten years. It is based on the framework of the Forest Policy 2015,

past learning from the implementation of the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector, which ended

in 2011, visualizing the future political and socio-economic scenario of Nepal, and the

generation of theory of change. The theory describes the steps and their linkages that will lead

to the planned outcomes. The FSS identifies seven key thematic areas which form the core area

of the strategy i.e. Managing Nepal's forests, Managing ecosystems and conserving

biodiversity, Forestry Sector Strategy, Responding to climate change, Managing watershed

Promoting enterprise and economic development, Enhancing capacities, institutions and

partnerships and Managing and using forestry sector information.

9.3.9 National Climate Change Policy, 2076

This policy envisions a country spared from the adverse impacts of climate change, by

considering climate justice, through the pursuit of environmental conservation, human

development, and sustainable development, all contributing toward a prosperous society.

Policy aims to address the adverse impacts of climate change and utilize the opportunities

created from it to improve livelihoods and achieve climate-friendly physical, social and

economic development.

The main goal of this policy is to improve livelihoods by mitigating and adapting to the adverse

impacts of climate change, adopting a low-carbon emissions socio-economic development

path and supporting and collaborating in the spirits of country's commitments to national and

international agreements related to climate change.

Promotion of climate adaptation and adoption of effective measures to address

adverse impacts of climate change through technology development and transfer,

public awareness raising, capacity building and access to financial resources. The

main policy strategies are as follows:

Climate adaptation and disaster and risk reduction

Low carbon development and climate resilience

Access to financial resources and utilization

Study and research related to climate change

Technology development, transfer and utilization

Climate-friendly natural resources management

9.3.10 Land Use Policy, 2072

It describes policy related to limits and protection of land and land resources, optimum use and

effective management thereto. Legal and institutional management for lands and land


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resources, and protection, use and management thereon are done under this policy. It explains

about the problems, challenges and opportunities due to urbanization as well as improper

management of land resources. The main goal of this policy is to manage lands in a sustainable

manner by developing a specific land use system through land use plans.

9.3.11 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2071

The main vision of the policy is contribute in the overall development of the nation and its

citizens by creating conducive environment for implementation of infrastructure development

projects. The policy is formulated to improve social and economic status of project affected

families by providing fair and adequate compensation, appropriate resettlement and

rehabilitation assistances/allowances while acquiring land for infrastructure development

projects and projects of public interests, to avoid displacement wherever possible and if not,

explore alternatives to minimize adverse impacts as far as possible, to provide adequate

compensation, rehabilitation assistance, and opportunities of social and economic benefit to the

affected person, family, and the community to create conducive environment for timely

completion of project by making land acquisition, valuation, compensation, resettlement, and

rehabilitation process simple, easy, transparent and fair.

9.3.12 Nepal Water Resources Strategy, 2058

The GoN, through the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS), formulated its

first comprehensive Water Resources Strategy (WRS) in 2002. To contribute to the

national goal of improving the living conditions of the Nepali people in a sustainable

manner, the WRS has formulated short-term (five year), medium-term (15 year) and long-

term (25 year) strategies for the water resources sector.

9.3.13 National Energy Efficiency Strategy, 2075

The main vision of the strategy is to assist in energy security by increasing the energy access

through efficient use of available energy. It aims to promote energy efficiency by effectively

implementing energy efficiency programs through establishing policy, legal and institutional

frameworks. The major goal of the strategy is double the average improvement rate of energy

efficiency in Nepal from 0.84% per year, which existed during the period of 2000 -2015 AD

to 1.68% per year by 2030 AD. The major strategy are to generate awareness on energy

efficiency from the consumers’ level to policy makers’ level, establish policy, legal and

institutional frameworks for resources management, resources mobilization, infrastructure

development and human resources development required for energy efficiency. Reduction in

energy import by energy conservation, making services and production cost effective and

competitive by reducing energy consumption needed for production of goods and services,

develop national standards for energy efficiency based on established international and regional

standards as well as to develop equipment and means for measuring energy efficiency.

9.3.14 National Wetland Policy, 2069

The primary goal of the National Wetlands Policy is to conserve and manage wetlands

resources wisely and in a sustainable way with local people’s participation. The policy also

aims to put the conservation and management aspects of wetlands conservation within the

framework of broader environmental management. The major objective of the policy is to

involve local people in the management of Nepal’s wetlands and conserve wetlands


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biodiversity with wise use of wetlands resources; to conserve and manage wetlands with local

people’s participation for their benefit, while maintaining environmental integrity according to

the terms and spirit of the Ramsar Treaty; to conserve endangered and common wildlife

species, aquatic fauna and other genetic sources dependent on wetlands; to make wetlands

conservation and management activities effective by involving local residents, communities

and community-based organizations.

9.4 Relevant Acts

9.4.1 Environment Protection Act, 2076

The Government of Nepal will implement and implement the Environmental Protection

Scheme for the purpose of maintaining clean and healthy environment.

Traditional and local practices related to the consolidation of subsidies (1) and (2) in the plan

will be incorporated into the plan, including the conservation of environment, conservation,

sustainable use and the equitable distribution of benefits derived from the use of environmental

resources. The environment maintained under sub-section (1) shall be restricted to the area of

conservation area or sub-section (1) to prevent any work being carried out within the designated

area or green area. If any person does not approve the Environmental Studies Report pursuant

to this Act or executes the project in a manner contrary to the approved Environmental Study

Report, the concerned one may immediately restrain the implementation of such project.

The proponent will have to prepare the environmental study report in accordance with this Act,

so that the criteria and quality maintained by the Government of Nepal will be addressed in a

timely manner.

9.4.2 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039

The section 2 (B) of the act defines the soil and water conservation. According to section 3

GoN can acquire area/land by giving written notice for the purpose of water conservation. But

for such acquisition, compensation shall be paid, in case of private land, in consultation with

local authorities (VDC/Municipality). Section 10 of the act elaborates the activities that are

considered illegal in the area which are suspected for natural disaster.

9.4.3 Forest Act, 2049

The act prohibits reclaiming lands, setting fires, grazing, removing or damaging forest

products, felling trees or plants, wildlife hunting and extracting boulders, sand and soil from

the national forest without the prior approval.

The Act empowers the government to permit the use of any part of government managed forest,

community forest; leasehold forest etc., if there is no alternative except to use the forest area

for the implementation of a plan or a project of national priority without significantly affecting

the environment.

9.4.4 Forest Act, 2076

National forest includes community forest, partnership forest, kabuliyat forest, national forest

or inter-state forest. Consumer groups will coordinate with the local government in connection

with the development, conservation and management of at least 25 percent of the proceeds

from the national income generated by the project. The distribution of management, utilization

and dividends will be divided according to the Nepalese Government, in favor of climate

change adaptation and benefits from carbon accumulation and emission reduction. An Armed


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Forest Guard Service to protect and enhance the protection of forest heritage, protect and

promote the protection of national forest, prohibit illegal hunting of wildlife and theft of forest

products. The Government of Nepal will be able to arrange plantation for timber, as required,

in order to increase tree planting line promotion, clerical management, national management,

house decorum, combustion, and necessary development.

9.4.5 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029

Sec. 3 (third amendment) of the Act empowers GoN to declare any areas as National Park,

Wildlife Conservation and Protected Areas. Sec. 5 provides for protecting the existing forests

and prohibits activities such as mining. Further, sec. 5 (j) states that no harmful objects or

explosive can be used in stream or any source of water within national parks or wildlife reserve.

Sub –sec (e) (g) & (h) of sec. (5) provide that without permission, no one shall cut, fell, remove

overshadow any tree, plant or any forest produce or do anything by which the forest produce

may die, burn or get damaged.

9.4.6 Water Resources Act, 2049

The Water Resources Act, 2049 has been enacted to make arrangement for the rational

utilization, conservation, management and development of water resources in Nepal.

According to section 8, subsection 1 of the act, a person or corporate body may desire to

conduct survey. This act was amended in 2055 covering wide area including water resources

projects. –Section 5 (b) emphasized that fish ladder must be constructed while constructing

dam for hydropower generation, irrigation or other purposes. The act also mentioned that other

alternative provision such as Fish Hatchery, etc. will be explored as mitigation measures for

the loss of fish density and diversity. This act is relevant to project that to get construction

license above-mentioned document must be submitted to DoED. Section 16 of the act mentions

that GoN shall facilitate for land and house acquisition for development projects under

prevailing rules.

9.4.7 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, (2017)

The Aquatic Animals Protection Act (1961) is one of Nepal’s oldest pieces of legislation, which

recognizes the value of wetlands and aquatic animals. The Act provides legislative protection

for the habitats of aquatic species. It obliges the proponent to carry out different activities to

minimize the adverse impact on aquatic life. Section 5(b) of the Act states that the proponent

must construct the fish ladder at the Dam site to ensure the movement of fish. If it is not

possible, the proponent should establish the fish hatchery or a nursery, close to the dam site of

the water resources projects for artificial reproduction and ex-situ conservation. Section 3 of

this Act states that any party found guilty of using poisonous, noxious or explosive materials

into water sources, or destroying any weirs, bridges or water systems, with the intent of

catching or killing aquatic life, will be punished under the prevailing law.

9.4.8 Land Acquisition Act, 2034

It is the main legislation to guide the land acquisition process in the country. Government can

acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving the compensation pursuant to the act for the

land required for any public purpose or for the operation of any development project initiated

by government institution (sections 3 and 4).


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The compensation paid under this act will be given in cash. To decide about the amount of

compensation the act has made provision for the constitution of Compensation Fixation

Committee (CFC). This act is silent about the payment of compensation at market rate, which

pose difficulty for the payment of compensation at present value.

9.4.9 Ancient Monument Protection Act, 2013

The Ancient Monument Protection act is expedient to maintain peace and order by preserving

the ancient monument and by controlling the trade in archaeological objects as well as the

excavation of the place of ancient monuments and by acquiring and preserving ancient

monument and archaeological, historical or artistic objects.

9.4.10 Local Government Operation Act, 2074

This newly formed act describes about the criteria to divide a state into municipalities or rural

municipalities and their respective rights, duties and responsibilities in different development

and conservation sectors. It clarifies the rights of municipalities/ rural municipalities to form

local laws, regulations and criteria for conservation of environment protected areas and species;

for environmental pollution and hazard control; solid waste management, etc.

9.4.11 Electricity Act, 2049

The electricity Act, 1992 has been enacted to manage the survey, generation, transmission and

distribution of electricity and to standardize and safeguard electricity services.

Section 3 - No license is required to survey, generate, transmit or distribute electricity from the

projects of capacity ranging from 100 kW to 1000 kW. However, information will be provided

to the designated authority about such a project.

According to Section 4 subsection -1 of the act, any person or corporate body who wishes to

conduct survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity over 1 MW shall be

required to submit an application to the prescribed officer along with economic, technical, and

environmental study report. Section 24 of this act states that '' While carrying out electricity

generation, transmission or distribution, it shall be carried out in such a manner that no

substantial adverse effect will be made on environment by the way of soil erosion, flood,

landslide air pollution etc.''. Pursuant to the act, the proponent shall request the concerned

Ministry through the Department of Electricity Development, to issue a survey license for the

proposed Project.

9.4.12 Labour Act, 2074

The Labour Act, 2074 has been enacted on September 4, 2017 under Article 296 of the

Constitution to replace the previous Labour Act of 2048 (1992). The act defines employer as

person or entity employing labourers and employee/labourer as person doing physical or

intellectual labour for employer as a worker or officer or under any other designation.

According to the act, bonded labour is prohibited. Probation /trial period for labourer shall be

6 months. The act describes state that interns may be hired in coordination with educational

institution but they shall not be made to work more than 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week.

Trainees may be hired for a maximum period of 1 year and foreign workers may be hired only

after obtaining work permit from the Department of Labour. Regular work hours shall not

exceed 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week. Overtime may not exceed an additional 4 hours

per day and 24 hours per week. Pay for overtime work shall be 1.5 times the regular


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rate. Payment for a specific type of work shall be same across genders and there shall be no

discrimination. Labourers shall be entitled to provident fund, gratuity and insurance and age of

retirement shall be 58 years.

9.4.13 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056

The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 is enacted and enforced adopting ILO

Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age

Convention. This Act has defined the ‘Child’ as a person who has not reached the age of 16

years. Section 3 bans the employing a child below the age of 16 to work as a laborer and

engaging a child in the hazardous and risky works listed in the Schedule of the Act. The

proponent or contractor shall mandatorily follow the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation)

Act, 2056 (2000) during the project implementation phase.

9.4.14 Plant Protection Act, 2064

The aim of the Act is to prevent or control harmful epidemic insect or disease spread in plant

or plant products while under import or export. In sec. 3, it is stated that GoN may by

notification in Nepal Gazette, impose restriction or condition for the import of plant or plant

product.

9.4.15 Land Reform Act, 2021

Section 9 'A' of the act deals with land use and land fragmentation for maximum use of land.

According to this act, Government of Nepal can implement land use program in any part of the

country. Similarly, government can do fragmentation and plotting of land to increase the

productivity.

9.4.16 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068

The act aims to provide sufficient legal provision for the management of solid waste generated

throughout the country. Unless good construction management practices are followed,

construction activities can cause serious environmental pollution, ecological degradation and

health and safety concerns to both workers and the public. The stakeholders that get impacted

due to construction activities generally include the workers, the public and the environment.

The act provides a minimum standard for safe and efficient waste management. The purpose

of the act is to formulate and facilitate guidelines and to provide a framework of waste

management strategies to assist in the long-term management of solid waste by implementing

the essential strategies. The act aims to protect public health and safety, provide a safer working

environment, and minimize waste generation and environmental impacts of waste treatment.

The act sets procedures for handling of health care waste, and also includes details of collection,

separation, and final disposal of the solid waste.

9.4.17 An act to Control and Regulate International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora, 2073

This Act was formulated to conserve and regulate and monitor the international trade of

threatened fauna and flora in order to implement the CITES, 1973. This Act has banned trade

and sample collection of rare and endangered species of flora fauna. This act has also banned

holding, keeping in possession, use, rearing, and control of such species. The main aim of this

Act is the implementation of the objective set forward by the CITES, 1973.


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9.4.18 Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074

Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074 B.S ("Social Security Act") was passed by the

Parliament on July 24, 2017 (Shrawan 09, 2074) and accorded the assent by the President on

13 August, 2017 (2074-04-29). The Social Security Act is enacted first time in Nepal. The Act

was enacted as per the social welfare concept, in accordance with which the people shall have

rights to welfare of various kinds as one of their fundamental rights as enshrined in the

constitution. The Act shall be applicable to those industries, businesses or the service sector as

prescribed by the government. Even the self-employed can take part in the Fund. The Social

Security Fund shall operate various schemes as per the Act: medical and health protection,

maternity protection, accidental protection, old age protection, dependent family protection and

unemployment protection.

9.4.19 Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074

The Government of Nepal may levy and collect tax and non-tax revenues as specified in

Schedule-1 in accordance with Federal law. The State may levy and collect tax and non-tax

revenues as specified in Schedule-2 in accordance with State law. The Local Level may levy

and recover tax and non-tax revenues as specified in Schedule-3 in accordance with Local law.

The Government of Nepal, the State and Local Level may collect chargeable penalty and fine

falling under their domain in accordance with the prevailing law. The State and Local Level

shall, while imposing tax pursuant to Sub-Section (2) or (3), do so without contravention to

national economic policies, transportation of goods and services, capital and labor market, and

the neighbouring State and Local Level. The Government of Nepal may levy on and collect

royalty of natural resources in accordance with Federal law.

Distribution of Royalty to be obtained from Natural Resources

1) In order to distribute the royalty obtained from the natural resources among the Federal,

State and Local Level, the Government of Nepal shall create the federal divisible fund to

deposit such amount obtained from the royalty in accordance with Federal law.

(2) The Government of Nepal shall distribute the royalty pursuant to Sub-Section (1) as

specified in Schedule-4.

(3) Out of the amount distributed pursuant to Sub-Section (2), the amount obtained by the

Government of Nepal shall be deposited in the Federal Consolidated Fund, the amount obtained

by the State in State Consolidated Fund and the amount obtained by Local Level in the Local

Consolidated Fund. According to this royalty from electricity, forest, mines and minerals, water

and other natural resources shall be distributed as 50 % to government of Nepal, 25 %

distributed to concerned state and remaining 25 % distrusted to concerned local level.

9.4.20 Explosive Act, 2018

Section 4 of the act emphasizes the need of permission for the use, sell, transportation and

import of explosive item. The act made provision of penalty up to NRs. 20,000 if transporting

or using the explosive items without proper permission. The act has authorized Chief District

Officer to grant such permission. According to Section 8 of the act any accident caused by the

use of explosives shall be informed to nearest Police Station at the earliest possible.

9.4.21 Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 2074

The act is enforced in accordance to Article 296 (1) of Constitution of Nepal in order to


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produce, distribute, manage and trade electricity easily, regularly, and systematically

transparently and balance demand and supply of electricity. Furthermore, regulation of

electricity tax, protection of consumer rights and interests, competitive market, reliable,

universally accessible, quality service is required to be assured through electricity regulation

committee.

9.4.22 Muluki Devyani Sahghita Ain, 2074

According to the law, an organized organization shall acquire legal personality and legal

competence in that state. The legal person shall have an organized personality (corporate

personality) and will use a separate imprint for his or her work. The address of the legal person

shall be the address mentioned at the time of establishment of the organization and if it is not

so, then the address of the head office or registered office of such institution and also the office

or address of such institution shall not be designated as the address of the head administrative

office or business and business of such institution. Except as otherwise noted in the law, the

management and operation of a legal person shall be governed by one or more numbers of such

persons as provided for in the constitution of such person and there is no such provision.

Nepal Criminal and Penal Law

If a person commits any act resulting the death of another person and the victim dies

immediately or within the date, the person causing such death or the principal instigator or the

person who catches or holds or directly uses his or her hand against the victim with an intention

to get that person to be killed by any other person in the scene of crime, such a person shall be

punished as mentioned hereunder. A person who directly uses his or her hands with an intention

to separate the person from the dispute or who in fact separates somebody from dispute shall

not be liable to any punishment. If a person creates conducive environment to kill anyone else

stopping the pathway or passage or restricting the victim to flee from the scene of crime shall

be punished with imprisonment for a term of five years. A person who is involved in

discussion/preparation through any other means and appears in the scene of crime and watches

the incident without doing anything else or a person who is indulged in the commission of

offence except as provided hereinabove, the person shall be punished with imprisonment for a

term ranging from Six months to three years.

9.4.23 Land Use Act, 2076

As per Land Use Act, 2076, land has been classified into 10 categories: agricultural; residential;

commercial; industrial; mining and mineral; forest; river, stream, pond and wetland; public use;

cultural and archaeological; and others. The land classification is based on the composition and

use of the land. The act has been introduced based on the condition of land, population growth,

requirements of land for various purposes like food and habitation and the need for economic

development and infrastructure building, among others. The main aim of the act is to ensure

that land is properly used and managed and that land set aside for one purpose is not used for

other. The act has assigned the responsibility for implementing the act to not only the federal

government but also to the provincial and local governments. As per the act, three tiers of the

government should constitute councils to bring provisions of the act into implementation. The

federal government should draft maps of all the local levels and ensure that all the local

governments are abiding by provisions of the act. The local governments, on their part, should

ensure that the people are adhering to provisions of the act. For this, they will have to form


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implementation committees under the leadership of the heads of the local governments. So the

local levels have a major role to play in ensuring implementation of the act.

9.4.24 Consumer Protection Act, 2075

If bodily, mental, financial, physical or other kind of harm and injury is caused to any consumer

by use of the goods or services sold or distributed contrary to this Act, or damage is occurred

as a result of defective production of goods, the consumer himself or herself, or any consumer

association on his or her behalf, or the heir of the consumer if the consumer is incompetent or

has already died, may make a complaint to the Court for compensation from the person who

has produced, imported, hoarded, transported, sold and distributed or provided such goods or

services within six months from the date of harm and injury caused.

If the consumer is wounded by the use of the goods or services sold, distributed or provided

contrary to this Act, treatment expenses, interim relief amount for the daily subsistence as per

the family circumstances throughout the treatment period and, if it is proved, in course of

the investigation, that the consumer has suffered, the consumer, or the heir as per law, if he or

she has died, shall be entitled to get the amount of compensation from the concerned producer,

importer, hoarder, carrier, distributor or seller concerned on the basis of such harm and injury.

9.5 Relevant Rules and Regulations

9.5.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077

According to the schedule 2 of EPR, 2077, the developer should conduct Concise Initial

Environmental Examination report for the proposal mention in Annex 1 as per Clause 3, sub

clause 1 of EPA, 2076. Similarly, the project should conduct Initial Environmental

Examination for the proposal mentioned in Annex 3 and Environmental Impact Assessment

for the proposal mentioned in Annex 3. For preparing EIA report, SD should be prepared as

per the clause 5 of EPA. For the environmental study report, the project should prepare Terms

of reference. For CIEE, ToR should be prepared as per Annex 6, for IEE is should be prepared

as per Annex 7 and for EIA, ToR should be prepared as per Annex 8. For the project mention

in Clause 3, Subclause 5 of EPA, the proponent should conduct public hearing the project

affected area and should collect the suggestions. The proponent should submit the CIEE, IEE

within 2 years of approval of TOR and for EIA also, it should be submit within 2 years of

approval of SD and ToR.

For hydropower generation project, CIEE is necessary if the project needs upto 1 ha of forest

area. Similarly, IEE is necessary if:

• the project needs 1 to 5 ha forest area.

• the project lies in Forest Conservation Area, Conservation Area and buffer zone area

and the installed capacity is upto 10 MW.

• the installed capacity of project is 1 to 50 MW.

EIA is necessary if:

• the project needs more than 5 ha forest area.

• the project area lies in National Park, Wildlife reserves and Hunting Reserves.

• the installed capacity of the project area is more than 50 MW.

Similarly for the transmission line project, CIEE is necessary for the project if the transmission


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line upto 66 kV needs forest area.

Similarly, the IEE is necessary if

• the transmission line project is of 132 kV and below and the project lies in Forest

Conservation Area, Conservation Area and Buffer Zone Area.

• the transmission line project is 132 kV and of more capacity.

And EIA is necessary if the project area lies in National Park, Wildlife reserves and Hunting

Reserves.

9.5.2 Forest Regulation, 2051

Rule 65 of the Forest Regulation stipulates that in case the execution of any project having

national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local, individual, or

community, the proponents of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be

paid. Similarly, the entire expenses required for the harvesting, logging and transporting of the

forest products in a forest area will be borne by the proponents of the projects.

9.5.3 Electricity Regulation, 2050

Rule 12 (Chha) and Rule 13 (Chha) of Electricity Regulation 2050 are important from

environmental viewpoint. The Initial Environmental Examination report will address the

environmental issues, measures required to mitigate the significant adverse impacts. This

regulation has also made provision for the formation of Compensation Fixation Committee for

compensation of the land required for the project.

9.5.4 Water Resources Regulation, 2050

It is mandatory under Rule 17 (e) of the regulation that any person or corporate body, who

desires to obtain a license for utilization of water resources must state in his application that

appropriate measures will be taken to lessen the adverse effects due to the project on the overall

environment. Measures are to be taken for the conservation of aquatic life and water

environment and for mitigating social and economic effects of the project in the concerned

area.

9.5.5 Solid Waste Management Regulation, 2070

The regulations provide the way for the management of all kinds of solid waste since their

origin. Open burning of solid and hazardous wastes are strictly banned by the regulation. In

addition, the regulation provides the ways for the management of solid waste.

Unless good construction management practices are followed, construction activities can cause

serious environmental pollution, ecological degradation and health and safety concerns to both

workers and the public. The stakeholders that get impacted due to construction activities

generally include the workers, the public and the environment. The guideline provides a

minimum standard for safe and efficient waste management. The purpose of the guideline is to

provide a framework of waste management strategies to assist in the long-term management of

health care waste by implementing the essential strategies. The guideline aims to protect public

health and safety, provide a safer working environment, and minimize waste generation and

environmental impacts of waste treatment.


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The guideline sets procedures for handling of health care waste, which includes details of

collection, separation, and final disposal of the waste for the safety of human health and

hygiene through environmental contamination.

9.5.6 Explosives Regulation, 2020

Explosive regulation provides the rules for Production, Use, Sale, Transportation and Import

of the Explosive:

(1) No person shall, without a Licensee and if a License not following the terms and conditions

referred to in the license, shall produce, store, use, transport or import Explosives.

(2) Any person willing to obtain a License or to extend the validity period of the License for

the production, storage, use, sale, transportation or import of the Explosives shall submit a

written application along with details as prescribed in a prescribed format before the Chief

District Officer. The format of each License, the amount required there for and its validity

period shall be as prescribed.

(3) The Chief District Officer may, subject to this Rules framed under the Explosive Act, 2017

(1961), and having furnished a notice to the Licensee, make necessary changes to any matter

mentioned in any License.

(4) A person, willing to make changes in his/her own License, shall submit an application to

the Chief District Officer stating the matters he/she wanted to change.

9.5.7 Labor Rule, 2075

Labour Rule 2075 has provision of payment of wage and other facilities through banking

system. There will be particular system for domestic workers as well as domestic workers will

get 12 days paid leave yearly and paid leave weekly. Likewise, Labour Rule has provision to

manage the labour suppliers. According to the Labour Rule, employers must contribute for

Employees Provident Fund and Gratuity unless the contributory based Social Security Act

implemented. Similarly, Labour Rule has provision for Occupational Safety and health as well

as formation of Collective Bargaining Committee.

The Labor Rules has also set out the criteria for determining whether or not an employment is

regular employment. Pursuant to the Rule 3 the issue as to whether or not the employment is

of regular nature is determined on the basis of whether or not the employment requires

continuity upon expiry of the term and, if it is required to continue whether or not another

Employee is immediately required, and the Employee has worked on a regular basis for a period

more than one year in the case if no term of employment has been specified.

9.5.8 Contribution Based Social Security Regulation, 2075

The Government of Nepal has framed the Contribution Based Social Security Regulations,

2018 (2075) (“Social Security Regulations”) by exercising the power conferred to it under

Section 69 of the Contribution based Social Security Act (“Social Security Act”). The Social

Security Regulations have prescribed certain matters as required by the Social Security Act.

Such matters include (a) the procedure for participation in Social Security Schemes (b)

registration of the employer and employee with Social Security Fund (c) operation of fund, etc.

Rule 6 has included required contribution of the Employer and the Employees to the Social

Security Fund.


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9.5.9 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Management Rules, 2064

In the form of protected community forest for making sustainable management and use of

forest products as according to the Management Plan, the individual shall submit an application

as prescribed in Schedule - 7 by mentioning that protected community forest is also along with

the Work Plan and the recommendation of the committee. The landowner within the

Conservation Area may develop, protect and manage private forest and use the forest products,

persisting under the Management Plan of the Conservation Area. If the number of other wild

lives except the protected wildlife has increased within the Conservation Area and it seemed

that, it may destroy the agricultural cultivation, domestic animals of local consumers, the

Council may send a recommendation letter to the Department for allowing commercial hunting

by fixing a quota after making the situation study of the concerned species and prescribing the

places for the management of such wildlife. No person or an organization shall be allowed to

perform activities within the Conservation Area without obtaining written permission from the

authorized officials.

Prohibited Activities within Conservation Area

If any activities conducted or going to be conducted within the Conservation Area has made

adverse impact or seems possibility of the effect on the land-use, public health, protection of

the natural environment and natural resources of the Conservation Area, the Council may issue

a written order to stop or prohibit or reform such activities. The order that has been issued as

pursuant to Sub-rule (1) shall clearly mention the reason for stopping, prohibiting or

reforming such activities.

Written Permission to be obtained

If the residents within the Conservation Area desire to extract the soil, stores, gravels or sand

for their own personal use a written permission of the Council shall be obtained. While issuing

such permission by the Council, it shall be issued on the recommendation of the Committee.

No person shall be allowed to do any harm or damage to the road, bridge, house, office

buildings, fence, signboard or any other things in any way. Any person prior to

the commencement of any activities, making use of natural resources or causing adverse effects

on natural resources within the Conservation Area, for the business purpose shall submit an

application for obtaining the consent of the Council.

9.5.10 Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations, 2075

License holding people/Institutes need to give application to electricity regulation committee

to distribute electricity to users/consumers before fixing electricity tariff and penalties in

accordance to article 13, sub article 1, section (ka) and section (Nga) of Electricity Regulation

Commission Act. Public hearing is necessary to conduct by regulatory commission before

decision on fixing on electricity bill, purchase rate, transmission rate and transactions.

Permission from commission is necessary in order to amend share structure. Electricity sales

and purchase rates need to be fixed with necessary standards and mutual understandings.

9.5.11 Conservation Area Management Rules, 2053

The Conservation Area Management Rule promulgated by the GoN pursuant to section 33 of

the NPWCA provides institutional framework, systems, mechanisms and processes

(management modality) for the management of the Conservation Area. The CAMR was gazette

in 1996 (2053/8/17). The regulation authorizes National park to establish headquarters for the


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management and the development of the conservation area (Rule 4), divide the area into

different sub-areas (Ilakas) as per the need, and establish Unit Conservation Officers and other

staff as necessary.

9.5.12 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Rule, 2030

The district hunting license may be issued only to the Nepalese citizen by taking the fees as

prescribed in Schedule -1. The license shall only be issued, if the person applying for any type

of hunting license possess the valid license as pursuant to the prevailing laws, for the arms and

ammunitions (weapons) that has to be used to kill those wildlife or birds which are desired to

be hunted. If a crime has been made against the license or permit issued as pursuant to these

Rules, then during the proceeding of the case related to such crime, the competent officer

having jurisdiction to hear such cases may issue an order to suspend the license or permit

obtained by the culprit till the decision has not been received on the submission that has been

made before the Government of Nepal.

If any wildlife or birds of different types than the type that has to be allowed to hunt as

according to the obtained license or excess in number than the number that has to be allowed

to hunt has been killed or injured by accident, during the hunting by a person then the number

and type of such injured or killed wildlife or birds shall be mentioned in his/her hunting register

and the killed wildlife or birds that has been collected, shall be submitted to the same reserve

or nearby forest office.

Any person who enters into the National Park without obtaining an admission card or permit

or commits any such activities shall be provided a permit for entry by taking cent percent

additional fees on the prescribed fees.

9.6 Manuals and Guidelines

9.6.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050

This guideline is frequently used and quite helpful right from making terms of reference to

preparing impact assessment matrix and assigning values on impacts ranking. The other

important feature of the guideline is description on community participation. Clause 49 deals

with the methods to involve the public.

9.6.2 Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, (2018)

This Manual should be used in conjunction with the Nepal’s National EIA Guideline, which

dictates the minimum standards, administrative systems and processes and templates to be

followed during an EIA for any qualifying project. Where appropriate, good international

practices have been included with this Manual to augment the standard EIA approach, and

assist hydropower project proponents in better defining environmental and social risks,

responsibilities and opportunities.

The Manual is prepared for government authorities, hydropower developers, consultants, civil

society groups and others. Specifically, the Manual can be used at different phases and for

different purposes for the preparation and review of EIAs for hydropower projects:

EIA study by the proponent;

Follow up and review of EIA report by the Government and stakeholders;

Planning environmental, social, health, safety and security monitoring by the

proponent;


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Undergoing monitoring of compliance and conducting the audit by the government.

The Manual can be used for all types of hydropower projects that require an EIA based on the

Environment Protection Act and its regulations, particularly Schedule-2 of the regulations. It

aims to facilitate the EIA process for all hydropower projects such as run-of-river (diversion

and/or storage), storage reservoir and pumped storage facilities and associated facilities of the

project such as power transmission lines, substations, construction materials management, and

access roads.

The Manual outlines the approach for preparing, submitting, reviewing and implementing EIAs

related to hydropower in Nepal.

i) Section 4-Stakeholder engagement and public participation

ii) Section 5-Screening process for hydropower project proposal

iii) Section 6-Scoping and developing terms of reference for the EIA study

iv) Section 7, 8 &9 Identifying, assessing and managing environmental and social impacts

v) Section 10-Reporting Section and

vi) Section 11- Reviewing EIAs

9.6.3 Manual for Conducting Public Hearings in the Environmental Impact Assessment

Process for Hydropower Projects, 2061

The manual suggests the method, timing, and other procedure while conducting public hearing

of Hydroelectric Projects.

9.6.4 Manual for Addressing Gender Issues in Environmental impact

Assessment/Initial Environmental examination for Hydropower Projects, 2062

The manual has been prepared to suggest and recommend various approaches, actions and

strategies to assist developers in improving gender inclusion in hydropower projects.

9.6.5 Manual for Preparing Environmental management Plan (EMP) for Hydropower

Projects, 2059

The manual has been developed as to formulate monitoring plans for baseline, impact and

compliance monitoring as well as formulate an Environmental Auditing Plan to be

implemented after project construction.

9.6.6 Manual for Developing and Reviewing Water Quality Monitoring Plans and

Results for Hydropower Projects, 2059

The objectives of the manual include identification of water quality parameters for which

information is necessary to adequately evaluate the effects of hydropower development and

suggestions for developing and implementing effective water quality monitoring plans during

various period of the project cycle.

9.6.7 Manual for Preparing Terms of References (TOR) for Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Projects, with Notes on EIA Report

Preparation, 2058

The manual has been developed to put the sequential procedures and methods to be

accomplished for the preparation of the EIA reports in the hydropower sector.


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9.6.8 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052

GoN has also implemented a separate EIA guideline for Forestry Sector, 1995. The guidelines

facilitate the sustainable use of forest resources for the socio-economic development and

meeting the basic needs of the communities. The positive and negative impacts of any

development project in the forest area are to be identified and plans must be developed to

minimize environmental damage, conserving genetic resources and bio-diversity. It encourages

the Proponent to identify the likely impacts of the projects particularly on the forests, propose

mitigation measures and monitoring and evaluation system to ensure least impacts on forests

and biodiversity (MoFSC, 1995).

9.6.9 Environmental Management Guidelines (Road), 2054

This guideline prepared by Department of Road explains the process and methods of study in

different cycle of environmental studies and maters to be included in the EIA report. All the

new and upgrading road development projects are mandated to comply with the guideline

provisions to ensure that the road development project is environmentally sustainable.

9.6.10 Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073

The guidelines (clauses 3 to 10) have specified various procedure and formats for getting

approvals for vegetation clearance, delineation of lands for vegetation clearance, evaluation of

the wood volume etc. and government offices and officials responsible for the approval. These

provisions have a direct relevance to the development of the projects and need compliance to

these provisions.

9.6.11 Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National

Priority Projects, 2076

Guideline for the use of the forest area for development projects of National Priority project

reiterates the use of the forest area only if other options are not available. The projects requiring

the forestland area have to make alternative studies to minimize the forestland use areas.

Development project national priority will be allocated such lands on the discretion of the

Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation. To compensate the forest area and resource lost the

project proponent has to with the following provisions:

The proponent has to afforest the area equal to the forest area lost at the minimum, if

the forest area occupied by the project is a barren land. The land area for afforestation

will have to decide based on the discussion with the district forest office. Alternatively,

the proponent could deposit the required amount as per forest norm to the district forest

office.

The proponent will plant 25 trees for every lost tree of above 10 cm DBH in areas

designated by the Division forest office and look after the plantation for 5 years to

ensure their protection and growth of every planted tree. Alternatively, the proponent

deposit the required amount for plantation and protection for five years to the district

forest office.

The proponent will have to compensate the lost forestland for 30 years. The

compensation amount for the forestland per ha will be as per the provisions of leasehold

forest.


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9.6.12 National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development Decade (2016-

2026)

The government has declared a National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development

Decade (2016-2026) with the aim to end the existing energy crisis of the country and to develop

hydropower projects. During the period, the government has planned not only end the current

power crisis but also develop the hydropower project. According to the plan, existing load

shedding hours will be reduced within a year and ending it in the next two years by importing

electricity from India to completely end the load shedding within three years. According to the

plan, the remaining seven-year period will concentrate on developing the hydropower sector.

9.6.13 Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandi Adesh, 2074

This order has made various provisions for use of excess land different industries, institution,

hydropower project and other projects to acquire, use land more than limit if such land is

essential for them. The land acquired in such way shall be used for any other proposes. This

order has made provision that if any industries, institution, hydropower project and other

projects require land more than limit delineated by Land Act 2021; they have to apply for their

authoritative agencies with all the information related to required land and proper

documentations. Then the authoritative agencies after proper inspection and monitoring will

recommend for land acquisition. The authoritative agencies in case for hydropower project are

Department of Electricity Development and Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and

Irrigation.

9.6.14 Guidelines on license of hydroelectric project, 2075

Depending on the data available on the basis of statistics available by the official hydraulic

data and the figures available by the official hydrological data and the information available in

the department, based on the hydro biological time series data of the hydrological time series

data provided by the empowered hydropower project, the department showed modifiable

highlights and medium hydropower study. Scheduled water (MHH997) will be determined by

the flow of water received from the medical calculation (Water discharge and the maximum

height of proposed project area (gross head), up to five percent head and over-by-one percent

of the total minimum percentage will be determined. Department of Technical Consultation

will be required before issuing the permission of all the power projects capable of one kilowatt

to one thousand kW. The entrepreneurs wishing to develop any electricity project will be

required to enclose the documents in accordance with Schedule-2, in order to obtain documents

as per the Schedule-II, and to obtain the written permission for power generation. The

entrepreneurs wishing to build a power plant will have to verify the power generation to the

department in the form of Schedule-6, within the period of restoration of the survey.

9.6.15 Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074

It is provisioned in Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Karyabidhi Ain 2074 and Yogdanma Adharit

Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074 for the implementation.

9.6.15.1 Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the

Protected Areas, 2065

If any activity that has been conducted or to be conducted outside of the National Park or

Conservation Area has to release such quantum of water which is higher of either at least ten


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per cent of the minimum monthly average discharge of the river/stream or the minimum

required quantum as identified in the environmental impact assessment study report. Similarly,

any activity that has been conducted or to be conducted within to the National Park or

Conservation Area has to release such quantum of water which is higher of either at least fifty

per cent of the minimum monthly average discharge of the river/stream or the minimum

required quantum as identified in the environmental impact assessment study report. Legal

provisions shall be made to prevent adverse effects on the availability of water or water right

of the projects for which license is not required or being operated after obtaining the license.

The view of environment conservation will be required to plant and rectify 25 trees instead of

a single tree cut or removed. The public or service within the conservation area will be used

without pre-approval of the organization for the purposes of public tree plantation (except for

the purpose of planting local species).

9.7 International Convention

9.7.1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild

Fauna & Flora, (1973)

Nepal is a party to the CITES that aims to control the trade of certain wildlife species to prevent

further endangering of their survival. CITES classifies species according to the following

criteria: I – species threatened with extinction, II – species which could become endangered,

III – species that are protected (CITES 1979. As Nepal is party to the Conventions related to

species conservation attention should be given to evaluate the impacts of the project activities

on meeting their obligations.

9.7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992)

The Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 was opened for signature during the UN

Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nepal signed this

convention during the Rio Summit. The convention was ratified by the Parliament in 1993 to

become its party. The convention has entered into force in Nepal on 21 February 1994.

Article 14 of the Convention urges Parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA

of the proposed project that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity

with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate, allow for public

participation in such procedures. The convention also focuses on reducing transboundary

impacts on biodiversity.

There are other international non-legally binding and legally binding instruments that focus on

the conservation and protection of the environment and natural resources.

The EIA could contribute to address the convention matters and comply with the international

obligations while meeting its national development needs.

The convention contains a series of far-reaching obligations related to the conservation of

biological diversity and sustainable uses of its components. One of these obligations is the

requirement for environmental study. The purpose of an environmental study in relation to

biodiversity conservation is to identify in advance:

The aspects of the project which is likely to have significant adverse effects on biological

diversity at genetic species and ecosystem level, and


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The steps to be taken to avoid or minimize significant adverse effects to ensure that the

proposed project comply with existing environmental legislation.

The GoN has included 17 species of plants and 39 species of animals in the protection list. If

the project area is the core habitat of these species and the project activity, will likely to affect

them, mitigation measures, shall be proposed and be implemented to avoid and/ or mitigate the

adverse impacts. Nepal is a party to the convention on Biological Diversity and in accordance

to the article 14, adequate attention should be given to minimize and or avoid the impacts.

9.7.3 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, (1989)

Nepal ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on September 14, 2007. In 2007, the UN Declaration

on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly. The declaration

reaffirms the importance of the principles and approaches provided for under Convention No.

169 and its adoption therefore provide a fresh impetus for promoting the ratification and

implementation of Convention No. 169. ILO Convention No. 169 highlights the need to

recognize indigenous and tribal people’s specific knowledge, skills and technologies as the

basis for their traditional economies and self- determined development process. Article -1 of

the convention provide definition of the tribal and indigenous people. Article -6 deals the

consultation of the peoples concerned through appropriate procedure and in particular, through

their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or

administrative measures, which may affect them directly.

In Article 15, the rights of the peoples concerned to the natural resources pertaining to their

lands shall be specifically safeguarded. These rights include the right of these people to

participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources. The use of the term

land includes the concept of territories, which covers the total environment of the areas that the

peoples concerned occupies or otherwise use. The peoples concerned shall wherever possible

participate in the benefits of such activities and shall receive fair compensation for any

damages, which they may sustain because of such activities. Article 16 (2) clearly mention that

where the relocation of these peoples is considered necessary as an exceptional measures such

relocation shall take place only with their free and inform consent. Where their consent cannot

be obtained, such relocation shall take place only following appropriate procedures established

by national laws and regulations, including public inquiries where appropriate, which provide

the opportunity for effective representation of the peoples concerned. Article 16 (3) mention

that whenever possible these peoples shall have the right to return their traditional land as soon

as the grounds for relocation cease to exist. Article 16(5) elaborated the persons thus relocated

shall be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.

9.7.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1992)

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is

an international environmental treaty adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature at

the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It then entered into force on

21 March 1994, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified it. The UNFCCC

objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that

would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system". The

framework sets non-binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_protocol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system


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and contains no enforcement mechanisms. Instead, the framework outlines how specific

international treaties (called "protocols" or "Agreements") may be negotiated to specify

further action towards the objective of the UNFCCC.

9.8 Environmental Standards

There are very few environmental standards endorsed by MoFE and other GoN line

agencies. Except for vehicular emissions standards and tolerance limits for inland effluent

discharge, most of the environmental pollution standards, are in the formulation process.

These environmental standards shall be treated as other acts and regulations until GoN

enforces standards in the specified sector for the project environmental compliance

propose.

Table 9.1: Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters S. N Parameters Tolerance Limits

i Total Suspended solids, mg/L, Max 30-200

ii Particle size of total suspended particles Shall pass 850-micron Sieve.

iii Ph 5.5-9.0

iv Temperature

Shall not exceed 40 degree C in any section

of the stream within 15 meters down-stream

from the effluent outlet

v Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 5 days

at 20 degree C, mg/L, Max

30-100

vi Oils and grease, mg/L, Max 10

0+ Phenolic compounds, mg/L, Max 1

viii Cyanides (as CN), mg/L, Max 0.2

ix Sulphides (as S), mg/L, Max 2

x Radioactive materials:

xi a. Alpha emitters, c/ml, Max 10-7

xii b. Beta emitters, c/ml, Max 10-7

xiii Insecticides Absent

xiv Total residual chlorine, mg/L 1

xv Fluorides (as F), mg/L, Max 2

xvi Arsenic (as As), mg/L, Max 0.2

xvii Cadmium (as, Cd), mg/L, Max 2

xviii Hexavalent chromium (as Cr), mg/L, Max 0.1

xix Copper (as Cu), mg/L, Max 3

xx Lead (as Pb), mg/L, Max 0.1

xxi Mercury (as Hg), mg/L, Max .01

xxii Nickel (as Ni), mg/L, Max 3

xxiii Selenium (as Se), mg/L, Max 0.05

xxiv Zinc (as Zn), mg/L, Max 5

xxv Ammonia nitrogen, mg/L, Max 50

xxvi Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L, Max 250

xxvii Silver, mg/L, Max 0.1

Source: MoPE, 2058


246

Table 9.2: Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and

Construction Sites Group Parameter Unit Maximum

Concentration

Limits

Physical Turbidity NTU 5 (10)**

pH 6.5-8.5*

Color TCU 5 (15)**

Taste & Odor

Would not be objectionable

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1000

Electrical Conductivity µc/cm 1500

Iron mg/l 0.3 (3)**

Manganese mg/l 0.2

Arsenic mg/l 0.05

Cadmium mg/l 0.003

Chromium mg/l 0.05

Cyanide mg/l 0.07

Fluoride mg/l 0.5-1.5*

Lead mg/l 0.01

Ammonia mg/l 1.5

Chemical Chloride mg/l 250

Sulphate mg/l 250

Nitrate mg/l 50

Copper mg/l 1

Total Hardness mg/l 500

Calcium mg/l 200

Zinc mg/l 3

Mercury mg/l 0.001

Aluminum mg/l 0.2

Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.1-0.2*

Micro Germs E-Coli MPN/100ml 0

Total Coli form MPN/100ml 95 % in sample

Source: Environmental Statistics of Nepal, 2019

Table 9.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards Parameters Units Averaging

Time

Concentration in Amblent Air,

maximum

TSP (Total Suspended

Particulates)

µg/m

3

Annual -

24-hours* 230

PM10

µg/m

3

Annual -


247

Parameters Units Averaging

Time

Concentration in Amblent Air,

maximum

24-hours* 120

Sulphur Dioxide

µg/m

3

Annual 50

24-hours** 70

Nitrogen Dioxide

µg/m

3

Annual 40

24-hours** 80

Carbon Monoxide

µg/m

3

8 hours** 10,000

15 minute 100,000

Lead

µg/m

3

Annual 0.5

24-hours -

Benzene

µg/m

3

Annual 5 ****

24-hours -

Source: MoPE, 2060

*Note: 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per

calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days.

**Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not

to be controlled before MoPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This

will be done before 2005.

***Note: If representativeness can be proven, yearly averages can be calculated

from PM10 samples from selected weekdays from each month of the year.

****Note: To be re-evaluated by 2005.

Table 9.4: Emissions Standards for ‘in-use’ Vehicles Fuel Wheelers Type Manufacturing Date Emissions

Petrol Four-Wheelers Up to 1980 4.5% CO

1,000 ppm HC*

Four-Wheelers After 1981 3.0% CO

1,000 ppm HC*

Three-Wheelers Up to 1991 4.5% CO

7,800 ppm HC*

Three-Wheelers After 1991 3.0% Co

7,800 ppm HC*

Two-Wheelers 4.5% CO

7,800 ppm HC*

Diesel - Up to 1994 75 HSU

After 1994 65 HSU

LPG/CNG All categories 3.0% CO*

1,000 ppm HC*

Source: Nepal Gazette, BS 2054-9-8, MoEST

* Nepal Gazette, BS 2057-7-7, Ministry of Population and Environment

CO – carbon monoxide; HC – Hydrocarbon; HSU – Hertridge Smoke Unit


248

Table 9.5: Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment

Source: Marsh, 1991 (Adopted from Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA)

Table 9.6: National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012

Sound

Limit

Area Sound Limit Leq (dBA)

Day Night

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Rural Residential Area 45 40

Urban Residential Area 55 50

Mixed Residential Area 63 55

Peace Area 50 40

Optimum Sound emission limit

Household appliance Optimum limit (dBA)

Water Pump 65

Diesel Generator 90

Entertainment goods 70

Source: Environmental Statistics of Nepal, 2019

S N Noise Exposure (dBA) Permissible exposure (Hours and Minutes)

i 85 16 hrs.

ii 87 12 hrs. –18 min.

iii 90 8 hrs.

iv 93 5 hrs. – 18 min.

v 96 3 hrs.-30 min.

vi 99 2 hrs. – 18 min.

vii 102 1 hr. – 30 min.

viii 105 1 hr.

ix 108 40 min.

x 111 26 min.

xi 114 17 min.

xii 115 15 min.

xiii 118 10 min.

xiv 121 6.6 min.

xv 124 4 min.

xvi 127 3 min.

xvii 130 1 min.


249

CHAPTER: X 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Background

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an important document to be prepared during EIA

Preparation. EMP refers to the documentation pertaining to project management, monitoring

and auditing of the implementation of mitigation measures, and verification of predicated

impacts in the project cycle. The requirement of EMP for project implementation in Nepal is

vague. However, National EIA guidelines 2050, and Environment Protection Regulation (EPR)

2077, provide some guidance on the requirement of monitoring and auditing, but not the project

management option. The following are the tentative monitoring and auditing plans for the

implementation of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project.

10.2 Objectives of the EMP

The basic objectives of the EMP are to:

Formulate project management activities in particular the implementation of EMP;

Formulate a monitoring program for baseline, impact and compliance monitoring; and

Formulate an environmental auditing program to be implemented after project

construction.

10.3 Statutory Requirements

10.3.1 Environmental Legislation

The Environmental Protection Act and Environmental Protection Rules is the main umbrella

Act and Rules in Nepal, which covers environmental aspects of the project. The MoFE is the

lead agency, which administers the environmental matters emphasizing on environmental

conservation and management through internalizing environmental assessment, pollution

control and prevention, conservation of natural heritage sites, compensation for environmental

damages etc. However, there are several other policies, guidelines, acts and rules, which relate

to construction and operation of SKKHP and should comply with the provisions by the

involved parties during the period. Some the important relevant Government of Nepal

legislation and government policies and guidelines affecting and applicable to the project are

listed below:

Environmental Protection Act, 2076

Environmental Protection Regulation, 2077

National Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2050

Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, 2018

EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052

Forest Act, 2049 (1993) and Forest Regulations, 2052

Forestry Sector Policy, 2054

Soil & Water Conservation Act, 2039

Aquatic Animals Protection Act, 2039

Electricity Act & Regulations, 2050

Land Acquisition Act, 2034

Water Resources Act, 2049


250

Water Resources Regulations, 2050

Local Government Operation Act, 2074

Vehicle and Transportation Management Act, 1992

Explosives Act, 1961

Vehicle and Transportation Management Act, 1992

Labor Act, 1991

Hydropower Development Policy, 2001

Electricity Development and Management Act 2062

National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973

Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected

Areas 2065

Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over the National Forest Area for National

Priority Projects, 2076

10.3.2 Environmental Standards

There are very few environmental standards endorsed by MoFE and other GoN line agencies.

Except for vehicular emissions standards and tolerance limits for inland effluent discharge,

most of the environmental pollution standards, are in the formulation process. Considering the

above situation following environmental standards are proposed for SKKHP construction and

operation. These environmental standards shall be treated as other acts and regulations until

GoN enforces standards in the specified sector for the project environmental compliance

propose.

Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters from the Construction Sites and

Camps

Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites

Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Project Area

Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment

National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012

Proposed Average Equivalent Sound Levels Recommended to Protect the Public Health

and Welfare of the Project Site Communities

10.3.3 Environmental Permits and Approvals

Permits and Approvals relevant to the SKKHP are presented in Table 10.1 below.

Table 10.1: Permits and Approvals Required Issues Authority Approval and

permits

Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

and Environmental Management Plans

Ministry of Forests and

Environment

Approval

Construction License Ministry of Energy, Water

Resources and Irrigation and

Department of Electricity

Development

Approval and License

Tree clearing and Government owned land Ministry of Forests and

Environment

Approval and permits


251

Issues Authority Approval and

permits

Tree clearing in KCA GoN, KCA Approval

Relocation of archaeological , cultural and

religious sites

Rural Municipality and

Department of Archaeology

Approval

Works on private land and property Landowner Approval

Relocation or disturbance to infrastructures

such as irrigation canals, water supply, foot

trails and tracks, suspension bridges, etc.

Respective user

committees/Rural Municipality

and Ward Office

Approval

Environmental Auditing MoFE Approval and permits

10.4 Project Environmental Management Framework

10.4.1 Project Environmental Management Plan Structure and Stakeholders

Responsibility

The Project Environmental Management Framework of SKKHP is prepared to shows linkages

with different parties to be involved directly or indirectly during the different phases of project

development and operation in compliance with the existing Act and Rules.

Overall project environmental management is the responsibility of SKKHP, Project

Management Office (PMO). Key stakeholders including SKKHP, to be involved for project

environmental management in the hierarchy order are:

Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE)/ Department of Environment

Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (MoEWRI)

Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC)

Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA)

Conservation Community Forest User Groups (CAMC)

Department of Electricity Development (DoED)

The Proponent and its line offices

Environmentalist

Supervising Engineers (SE)

Construction Contractor (CC)

Affected Ward and Rural Municipality/ District Coordination Committee/

Environmental Enhancement Committees etc

Super Kabeli khola Concerns Committee (STRCC)

Non-government Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations

(CBOS), Conservation Community Forest User Groups, Irrigation User Groups

(IUG) (if any), Water Supply User Groups (WSUG) (if any) etc.

Project Affected Settlements

Environmental Management Plan structure for different phases of project development and

implementation are depicted in Figure 10.1, Figure 10.2 and Figure 10.3.


252

Design Phase

Figure 10.1: Project Management Plan Structure in design phase

Construction Phase

Figure 10.2: Project Management Plan Structure in Construction Phase

SKKHP

Project Management Office

ESU

ESISU ESMSU

Contractor

MoFE

MoEWRI

DoED

DNPWC

KCA

KCA officials

CCFUGs

DCCs

RM

NGOs

CBOs

UGs (, IUG, WSUG etc)

PAF

ESMSU


253

Operation Phase

Figure 10.3: Project Management Plan Structure in Project Operation Phase

The main roles and responsibilities of different parties in various phases of project development

are briefly presented in Table 10.2.

Table 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

1 MoFE Final approval of the EIA report as per the

provisions of Act and Rules

Prior to proposal

implementation

Review of project monitoring reports during

construction and operation phases and give

comments for corrective actions

As and when required

construction and operation

phases

Auditing of project general performance

during operation phase.

After two years of

operation phase

2 MoEWRI/

DoED

Review and comments on EIA for Final

approval of EIA

Prior to EIA approval

Licensing and give permission for Project

Implementation

After approval of EIA

Review project design and contract

documents , against approved EIA measures

and national environmental standards and

give comments for corrective actions

Before contract bidding

Review of monitoring reports of project

construction and operation and give




phases

3 MoFE

DNPWC

KCA

Review and comments on EIA for Final

approval of EIA

Prior to EIA approval

After approval of EIA

Pre-construction phase

Before construction starts



phases

Give approval and permission for forest

clearance of the Government and KCA land

Assist proponent in pegging and evaluation

of the forest resources of the affected forest

stretch



SKKHP

Project Management

Office

Environmental and

Social Unit

MoFE

DoE

MoEWRI

DoED

DNPWC

KCA

KCA council

CCFUGs

DCCs

RM

NGOs

CBOs

UGs (WSUG etc)

PAF


254

S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

comments for corrective actions related to

forest and ecology



phases



phases

Assist the proponent in identification of

compensatory afforestation areas as per the

plans of the district and reserve areas

Advise and assist the proponent in the

forestry awareness programs.

4 Proponent and its

institutional line

offices

Ensure that the EIA measures are

incorporated in the final project design and

tender documents of project construction

and operation

Prior to contract award

Before construction

During construction, and

operation phase


operation


operation

Every 2 month during

construction

Once within 3 months of

construction completion

Once in three months for

the first two years of

operation

Acquire necessary permits and approval for

project construction and operation

Ensure that the project construction and

operation activities are in accordance with

EIA and other GoN legislative requirements

as well as international standards

Monitoring and record keeping regarding

environmental measures and impacts.

Ensure public participation and involvement

in project implementation and operation.

Compilation of environmental monitoring

and performance report and dispatch for

review through proponent to stakeholders

Compilation of Environmental monitoring

and performance report of construction

activity and dispatch for review through

proponent to stakeholders

Compilation of Environmental monitoring

and performance report of operation activity

and dispatch for review to stakeholders.

5 Environmental

Monitoring

Supervision, baseline, compliance and

impact monitoring of construction

contractor's activities as per responsibilities

in the contract document and advise the

proponent and Supervising engineers for

needed actions at the site in regular

environmental management meetings.

Monitoring of implementation of the socio-

economic physical, cultural, chemical and

biological environmental responsibilities of

the proponent not included in the contract

document and advise the proponent for

needed actions

Provide needed corrective action as per the

field requirements to minimize the impacts

Prepare environmental monitoring report of

the project construction and forward to the

proponent for review to the stakeholders

Daily, weekly, monthly,

three monthly

Regularly during

construction phase

Regularly during

construction phase

Bi-monthly during

construction and after three

months of the project

construction completion


255


6 Construction

Supervising

Engineers

Supervise the construction works as per the

provisions of EIA and direct construction

contractor in consultation with the

environmental engineers for the

environmental improvement

Regularly during

construction phase

Monthly during

construction

Preside monthly Environmental

Management, Health, and Safety Meetings

of the supervising engineers, contractors and

Environmental Engineers, maintain the

records for implementation status, and

needed corrective actions.

7 Construction

Contractor

Implement mitigation measures as specified

in EIA or as instructed by supervising

engineer

Daily during construction

phase

First hand monitoring and record keeping of

environmental mitigation measures

implemented and their performance

Regularly during

construction phase.

Implement any corrective actions specified

by supervising engineers within specified

time

Regularly during

construction phase

Provide training to operator First 1 years of operation

phase

8 District

Coordination

Committees

Provide recommendations to the proponent

with comments and suggestions and assist

proponent in the project implementation

Prior to proposal

implementation

Assist in public consultation awareness

building organized by the proponent

Assist and provide suggestions to the

proponent in the matters related to

community mobilization

During construction and

operation

Assist MoFE in the proposal audit During construction and

operation






phases

Ensure that transparency in the project

activities are maintained by all the

concerned stakeholders as per EIA report

and commitments

Regularly during


9 Affected Rural

Municipality




Prior to proposal

implementation







operation


operation


256





Operation

Form Environmental Enhancement

committees in each of the project affected

wards through a public franchise process to

select and assist to implement the programs

of Environmental Enhancement



phases

Pre-construction and as and

when required during


Regularly during





and commitments

10 NGOs ,CBOs,

WUG, IUG, PAF




Prior to proposal

implementation




operation





operation


operation






phases

Assist project affected wards to form

Environmental Enhancement committees in

each of the project affected wards through a

public franchise process to select and assist

to implement the programs of

Environmental Enhancement

Pre-construction and as and

when required during





and commitments

Regularly during


10.4.2 Project's Environmental Management Office

As per the Nepalese Environmental Protection Rules, environmental management of the

project is the responsibility of the proponent. For SKKHP the proponent’s Project Management

Office (PMO) has the responsibility of Project's Environmental Management.

Hence to ensure that the EIA recommended mitigation and monitoring actions are duly

implemented, monitored, assessed, evaluated and disseminated to the stakeholders for

feedback and improvement, the SKKHP. PMO should establish a separate Environmental and

Social Unit (ESU) of its own. The proposed ESU has four major roles to play. First, it will

implement and administer land and property acquisition/ leasing, compensation of affected

parties. Second, it will implement and administer the program in the project-affected areas.

Third, it will disseminate information to the project's stakeholders and co-ordinate with the

different line agencies. Fourth, it will monitor the environmental and social measures and its

performance as per EIA and EMP.


257

The ESU will comprise of two sub-units, namely Environmental and Social Implementation

Sub-Unit (ESISU) and Environmental and Social Monitoring Sub-Unit (ESMSU) Figure 10.4.

The former sub-unit will have the responsibility to implement environmental provisions not

included in the contract documents of the contractor and liaison with the other governmental

and non-governmental organizations. As these works require official responsibilities, the

members of this sub-unit will be the regular members of the proponent organization with past

experience in the implementation of environmental provisions and also in the operation of

Public Information Centre (PIC) and grievance handling.

Figure 10.4: Organization Framework of ESU

The ESMSU, on the other hand will be managed by the consultants with experience in

environmental monitoring of the hydropower projects in the past. As the project envisages a

third party monitoring during construction, the experienced consultants, will be contracted to

fulfill this requirement. They will work in close co-ordination with project ESU coordinator

and ESISU and will report directly to Project ESU coordinator. The ESMSU, once in three

months will carry out a participatory monitoring of the project involving personnel of

Environment Enhancement Committee (EEC), elected body from the project affected Rural

Municipality.

The project ESU shall be established at least six months before the project's civil construction

award. The ESU shall function directly under the Project Manager but the ESMSU will have a

responsibility to co-ordinate with the project's Supervising Consultant, Whereas ESISU will

coordinate with ESU coordinator and stakeholders of the project such as Local wards office,

DCCs, NGOs, CBOs, affected parties, DoED, MoEWRI, and MoFE.

The organizational framework of the ESISU for project pre-construction and construction

phase and its staffing is presented in Figure 10.5 and 10.6.

ESU Co-coordinator - 1

(Deputed from Proponent Organization)

ESISU ESMSU


258

Figure 10.5: Organization Framework for ESISU

Figure 10.6: Organization Chart for ESMSU

10.4.3 Administrative and Management Cost for ESU

Office for the ESU shall be established in the engineer's camp as a part of the civil construction

workforce. Administrative and management cost is estimated based on the assumption that

most of the persons shall be hired by the project as project regular staff in case of ESISU and

as consultants for ESMSU. The above costs are included in the project management costs.

10.5 Complain Handling and Grievance Redress

ESMC of the project is the primary cell developed to work in coordination with the locals.

Environmentalist/Safeguard Specialist will be the legalized officer appointed for the

compliance recording and monitoring during preconstruction, construction and post

construction stage of the SKKHP. Local peoples and stakeholders are allowed to drop their

written comment at site office of the project and at its central office. All the comments will

firstly addressed by the Officer of ESMC. The officer will coordinate with the stakeholders and

Land Acquisition/Land

leasing and

compensation Section

Chief - full time 4 years

Environmental

Enhancement Program -

Section Chief -full time 4

years

Project Information

Section - Section Chief

full time - 3 years

Surveyor (1) full time 3 year

Office runner (1) full time –

4 years

Social officer (1) full time 3 years

Office runner (1) full time – 3

years

Office runner (1) for 3

years

Environmental and Social Implementation Sub-unit (ESISU)

(Deputed from proponent organization – 3 yrs)

ESMSU - Section Chief Environmentalists/

Environmental Engineer full time – 3 years

Environmental Management

(Team Leader consultant)

Sociologist (1) consultant full time - 2 years (consultant)

Office runner (1) full time 3 years (support staff)

Part time subject specific consultants (socio-economist/

Terrestrial ecologist/ Aquatic ecologist/ - 15 man

months.)


259

bring out the effective solution of the complaint or if complicated will coordinate to link with

the NEA and local stakeholder.

10.5.1 Complain Handling

The Environmental Officer will maintain a “Complaints Register”, recording all complaints

received from individuals or groups within the community, either written or verbal, providing

the following details.

The name of the complainant;

The time and date the complaint was received;

An explanation of the specific complaint;

The signature of the complaint;

The signature of the environmental officer recording the complaint;

The project management officer or the contractor assigned to manage resolution of the

complaint;

The response action taken to resolve the complaint;

The outcome; and,

All complains received by the contractor with the details specified above will be

submitted to the Environmental officer within 24 hours of the receipt of complain.

10.5.2 Grievance and Redress Measures

A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive and facilitate the

resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances on social and

environmental issues. The GRM aims to be proactive and accessible for an effective way to

address their concerns. The GRM will have three levels with time-bound schedules to function,

as noted below.

First level of GRM: The project site office will be the first level of intervention to address the

grievance. Many grievances can be resolved by providing correct and complete information.

The environmental officer will listen and provide information to Affected People and resolve

their issues. The environmental officer will fully document the complaint, including: (i) name

of the person; (ii) date the complaint was received; (iii) nature of the complaint; (iv) location;

and, (v) how the complaint was resolved. These reports will be submitted to the management

officer every month.

Second level of GRM: Should the grievance remain unresolved, the environmental officer will

forward the complaint to the project management officer. The person filing the grievance will

be notified by the officer that his/her grievance was forwarded to the project management

officer. Grievances will be resolved through on-going interaction with the affected persons,

with the project management officer answering queries and resolving grievances regarding

various issues such as social and livelihood impacts and environmental issues. The project

management officer will undertake corrective measures at the field level for environmental,

social and livelihood issues. The project management officer will fully document the following

information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date the complaint was received; (iii) nature of the

complaint; (iv) location; and, (v) how the complaint was resolved.

Third level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved, the issue will be referred to the

Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The GRC will be headed by Project management officer


260

and shall consist of members of the concerned Rural Municipality, affected persons, NGOs and

the environmental officer. The affected person can present his or her concerns/issues to the

GRC. All relevant costs of GRC will be borne by the project. The GRC will meet, as necessary,

when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the

field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision in a timely manner as

decided. The environmental officer will be responsible for processing and placing all papers

before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up

action to ensure that formal orders are issued and decisions are carried out.

If each of the above measures fails, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance

in the appropriate courts, which is the formal legal court system as outlined in the Environment

Protection Rule.


261

Table 10.3: Environmental Management Action Plan Construction Phase

S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency

responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

I. Adverse Impacts Physical Environment (Construction Phase)

1 Impacts on land use To minimize the impact permanent

land acquisition will be minimized to

the extent possible made for the

structures like, head works,

powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge

shaft, tailrace, work camp site,

project office and the access road.

NA NA NA NA Included in project

design cost

2 Impact on

Topography

To minimize the topographic

changes in the major project

components like headwork,

waterway, and powerhouse,

minimum land as possible will be

used. Landscaping of the debris and

spoil/muck disposal sites will be

carried out.

Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively

during

construction

Project Proponent Included in project

design cost

3 Issues related to

storage of

construction

materials,

construction and

labor camps

Stockpiling sites will be properly

fenced. Side drains will be

constructed. Precaution and warning

signs and firefighting equipment will

be placed at the storage areas.


during

construction


design cost

4 Change in river

morphology due to

use of quarry sites

Proper engineering design for

sediment flushing will be done and

downstream protection by cut off

wall and launching apron shall be

design for minimizing the adverse

impact in the river morphology.

Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During

construction


design cost


262


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

5 Issues related to

river morphology

and drainage pattern

Proper engineering design for

sediment flushing will be done and

downstream protection by cut off

wall and launching apron shall be

design for minimizing the adverse

impact in the river morphology


construction

Project Proponent Included in DPR

6 Landslide & soil

erosion due to

excavations works

Pegging and flagging will be done at

the landslide area boundary. Slope

will be maintained less than the

angle of repose to the extent

possible, mostly 45%


construction

Project Proponent 500,000

7 Solid waste

generated from

camps

Waste generated from construction

activities are usually inert material

which are non-biodegradable e.g.

empty cement bags and containers,

rejected material, plastic, wooden

planks, small structures etc. will be

stored out and kept separated instead

of throwing haphazardly elsewhere.

ESMSU EIA During

construction


7 Muck/spoil disposal

Prior to the disposal of debris dry

gabion wall will be erected on the

stream side or downhill at headwork

area. Disposal of debris at other

place than designated will be strictly

prohibited.


construction


design cost

8 Possibility of

contamination of

soil and water due to

Leakage of oil,

grease & other

chemicals

All spent grease and mobile and

unused or date expired toxic

chemicals will be collected

separately in plastic drums and

stored in a safe place under the

shade. All empty containers of

ESMSU EIA During

construction



263


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals

will be punctured and stored in a safe

place under the shade.

9 Construction camp

sites

Solid waste generated from the camp

site will be collected in a safe

location; segregated and degradable

waste will be made compost and

handed over to the local farmers.

Non degradable waste will be

collected and recycled or reused.


construction


design cost

10 Increased level of

noise and vibration



construction workers in the noise

prone areas. All vehicles in the

construction area will be maintained

regularly.

ESMSU EIA During

construction


design cost

11` Impact due to

seismicity

No mitigation measures are

proposed during construction phase

for seismicity impact.


construction


design cost

11 Change in air

quality

Preventive measures will be taken to

minimize the emission of dust from

the dust prone area such as crushing

plants, batching plants etc. by

spraying water or maintaining

moisturization in construction

materials

ESMSU EIA During

construction


12 Change in water

quality

The storage area will be lined to

reduce potential surface and ground

water pollution in the event of spill.

The used oil and lubricants will be

collected regularly into

drums/barrels or tanks.

ESMSU EIA During

construction



264


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

13 Loss of top soil

generated during

excavation of

project sites

The topsoil will be covered by

plastic and stockpiled over a drained

area. To minimize the soil erosion,

site clearance will be minimized.


construction


design cost

14 Issues related to

internal access road

The construction vehicles and

project vehicles will use the same

road such that there can be the

occurrence of regular traffic jam,

road accidents causing nuisance to

villagers. The associated impacts

due to road construction are

temporary like increase in turbidity

of water, mixing of various wastes,

air pollution, visual pollution, debris

into river water. These impacts are

all temporary and only occur during

construction of road.


construction


15 Change on drainage

pattern

The project will not create major

impact on natural drainage, water

body and springs within the project

area during construction phase.


construction


16 Issue blasting and

bunker operation

A separate Bunker House will be

constructed and explosive handling

will be carried out with the help of

Nepal Army. Expert geologist will

be consulted for the safety of tunnel

and blasting operation along tunnel

alignment.


construction


design cost

17 Tunnel excavation

problems


construction workers in the noise

prone areas. Blasting activities will


construction


design cost


265


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

be carried out at the daytime only.

Tunnel will be fitted with the noise-

soaking device.

18 Vibration from

blasting and

operation of heavy

equipment, vehicles

around the

surrounding areas


Large noise producing engines such

as air compressors will be fitted with

noise reducing mechanisms. All

vehicles in the construction area will

be maintained regularly.


construction


design cost

19 Issue of handling of

explosive material

Blasting during excavation works

may affect in the stability of the

surrounding area and blasting may

affect the surrounding air and noise

condition due to which the local

people may be affected


construction


design cost

20 Potential probability

of occurrence of

GLOF hazard

Surface structures of the project will

be damaged due to rock fall, toppling

etc. For the safety surface structures

has been incorporated in project

design and planning.


construction


design cost

Total: ( Construction Phase cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Physical Environment = 2,000,000

Adverse Impacts Physical Environment (Operation Phase)

1 Changes in

hydrology &

sedimentation

Regular clearance of the settling

basin will be carried out during the

operation phase.


during

operation

Project Proponent Will be included in

project operation

cost

2 Issues of drainage

due headrace tunnel

alignment crossing

Along the blocked location drainage

and safe handling of natural flow

will be maintained. Such site will be

further trained with bioengineering,


during

operation


project operation

cost


266


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

concrete retaining so that erosion

from such site will be controlled.

3 Noise & Vibration

in power house area

The noise impact from the

powerhouse during the operation of

the project will be reduced by

installing sound proof and noise

aquatics system in powerhouse.

ESMSU EIA Progressively

during

operation


4 Change in water

quality due to

reduced flow

The impact will be minimized by

constructing a ditch to collect the

sand and aggregate before reaching

to the stream.


during

operation


5 Leakage of oil,

grease and other

chemicals

To minimize the impact, during the

maintenance period chemical

socking materials will be put at the

ground and then later such used

materials will be safely disposed or

buried.


during

operation


6 Change in

microclimate in the

dewatered stretch

Residual Impacts, project cannot do

anything for it


during

operation


project operation

cost

7 Impact of

Seismicity

The planning phase, design phase

and construction phase seismicity

issue will be incorporated in design

of project and strength of project

component will be maintained.


during

operation


project operation

cost

7 Issues related to

climate change

hazard

To minimize the risk regular

monitoring of catchment will be

carried out. In case of emergency

coping strategy project will be

prepared since the design phase such

as to control sedimentation, to safely


during

operation


project operation

cost


267


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

make flow of sedimentation etc.

8 Water Use and

Right

Kabeli River has not been used by

locals for cremation site, irrigation,

micro-hydro plant, water mill and

other purposes at dewatered area.

Therefore, no mitigation measures

has been adopted.


during

operation


project operation

cost

9 Potential probability

of occurrence of

GLOF hazard

Surface structures of the project will

be damaged due to rock fall, toppling

etc. For the safety surface structures

has been incorporated in project

design and planning.


during

operation

Project Proponent Included in 1.1,

xxiii

Total: ( Operation Phase cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Physical and Chemical Environment =1,000,000

II. Adverse Impacts Biological Environment (Construction Phase)

1 Loss of Forest and

Vegetation (Plant

Diversity)

To minimize the loss of forest area

and vegetation following mitigation

measures will be implemented in the

Project Rural Municipality.

ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Prior to land

occupancy

Project Proponent 23,000,000

15,008,725

2 Issues of NTFPs &

Medicinal plant

Labor force will be prohibited for the

collection of non-timber forest

products. The cost for the

construction of information board

about the awareness creation against

illegal activities will be allocated by

the project.

ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Soon after

damage


3 Wildlife habitat

disturbance

Programs like habitat management

and food availability of wildlife in

collaboration with KCA and its local

Conservation Area Management

Committee around upstream of

NA NA NA NA Included in 2 A (i)


268


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

headworks area.

4 Illegal collection of

forest products by

the workforce/

Increase demand of

firewood and timber

During the construction of

temporary and permanent housing

facilities and other structures the use

of timber will be minimized and the

use of other construction materials

will be encouraged.

ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Construction

period


4 Illegal hunting &

poaching

The construction contractor will

provide special instructions to all its

staff and workforce on conservation

issues. Purchasing and sale of

illegally hunted wildlife products

will be strictly prohibited and the

violators will be dismissed.


period


5 Impacts of

Temporary

Diversion of Water

on Aquatic

ecosystem

No additional mitigation measures

are required and proposed.


period


construction costs

6 Loss of Wildlife and

Wildlife Habitats

Micro watersheds of the area will be

given special attention for the

restoration the natural habitat. Direct

loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is

not envisaged by the project.


period

Project Proponent Included in 2 A (i)

9 Disturbance to

aquatic flora/fauna

Disturbance in the present faunal

habitat in the river due to silt during

construction phase will be reduced

or minimized as far as possible.

Contractor/ESMSU EIA During

construction


10 Forest Fire Public awareness programs will be Contractor/ESMSU EIA During Project Proponent 300,000


269


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

launched to prevent the forest fires in

the local area. Project workers will

be regularly informed not to throw

lighted cigarette tips in the forest

areas and not to use forest area as

picnic spots

construction

11 Impact of Forest

Encroachment

Illegal clearing, encroachment to

forest area will be strictly banned to

the project and project workers.

Clearing of the forest vegetation and

stockpiling the vegetation products

before handover will be carried out.


construction


construction costs

Total ( Construction Phase Cost) for Adverse Impacts of Biological Environment =39,658,720

Operation Phase for Biological Environment

1 Disturbance to Fish

migration Fish ladder has designed as per type

of fish, their characteristics, habits

and environmental behavior.


operation


project operation

cost

2 Aquatic Flora &

Fauna

To minimize the impact, the Kabeli

Khola habitat will be maintained

making the stretch favorable to

aquatic flora and fauna.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


project operation

cost

3 Disturbance to

habitats of wildlife

habitat

Unnecessary movement of operation

phase work force will be controlled.

So that disturbance on the movement

of wildlife having local level

migratory or movement range will

not be disturbed.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


4 Disturbance to

wildlife movement

due to project

To minimize the impact

afforestation will be carried out near

the vicinity of the main project

ESMSU EIA During

operation



270


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

structure component so that it will help for the

habitat restoration of the local area.

No additional measures are proposed

for this impact.

5 Easy access to forest To minimize the impact on these

forest patches regular monitoring

will be carried out along these

patches.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


project operation

cost

6 Release of water

downstream during

maintenance

Siren will be blown before 1 hours

by the project staff at least four time

at a time interval of 15 minutes as

warning alarm before the release of

water from the dam during the

normal project for maintenance.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


project operation

cost

7 Reduction in water

flow in the

dewatered zone

Project will release 10 % of monthly

average flow as environment flow.

In addition project will concentrate

mentioned watershed management

activities so that immediately

additional release can be made as

replenished discharge

ESMSU EIA During

operation


project operation

cost

8 Issues related to loss

of biodiversity in

KCA

Forest encroachment, illegal

clearance of forest area, illegal

hunting and poaching activities to

the forest will be strictly banned

from project side i.e. by the project

related people, workers and

activities.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


9 Possible Forest Fire Public awareness programs will be

launched to prevent the forest fires in

the local area. Project workers will

be regularly informed not to throw

ESMSU EIA During

operation



271


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

lighted cigarette tips in the forest

areas and not to use forest area as

picnic spots.

10 Disturbance to

migratory birds

Minimum tree will be cleared.

Workers will be prohibited from

entering forest area. Workforce will

be instructed and controlled and will

be punished if found to be indulged

on activities that damages the habitat

of birds.

ESMSU EIA During

operation


project operation

cost

Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Biological Environment = 1,200,000

III. Adverse Impacts Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment (Construction Phase)

1 Acquisition of land,

& other private

property

Total leasement cost of the

temporary private land is NRs.

97,500. Temporarily used land will

be later rehabilitated. The

rehabilitation cost will be bear by

project.

ESISU EIA 3 months prior

to construction


2 Issues related to

livelihoods of

affected families

All the private land loss will be

compensated at the current market

price. Negotiation and mutual

understanding method will be

applied while compensating these

lands.

ESISU EIA At the time of

land

occupancy


3 Loss of standing

crops

In case of compensation required

for the standing crops estimated

production from the project

requires to compensation of 15.92

MT of food crop (paddy, wheat,

maize, millet, barley, beans,

potato), 1500 bundles of Nigalo,

ESISU/contractor EIA Soon after the

start of

construction



272


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

1600 kg of vegetables, 2.5 MT of

Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder from

both permanent and temporary

required lands will be

compensated.

4 Occupational health

& safety hazard

The construction area will be cleared

and fenced off and all the necessary

precaution and warning signpost will

be placed at work sites. This area

will be restricted for the entry of

unauthorized people.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


5 Issue in pressure on

local health &

sanitation facilities

To minimize the impact the

contractor will be made responsible

via contract clause for the primary

health service (first aid) and

campsite management.

ESISU EIA During

Construction

at the time of

blasting


6 Pressure on

community

infrastructures &

resources

The schools of the project affected

wards, which provide education to

the children of project staff, and

workers will be supported.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


7 Impact due to

conflict of interest

between project

workers and local

people

To minimize the conflict of interest

project will facilitate the Project

wards to formulate a SKKHPP

Concern Committee.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


8 Impact on social,

cultural & religious

practices

To minimize the impact on social

and cultural practices of local

communities, a strong code of

conduct will be enforced to the

outside construction workers.

ESISU EIA During

Construction



273


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

9 Issues on law &

order

Coordination will be maintain with

the local and district level

administrative units of GoN. The

proposed awareness program will

also minimized this impact to some

extent.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


10 Issues related to

gender &

indigenous and

vulnerable

communities/groups

of Project Area sues

related to gender &

disadvantage groups

Participation of Dalit and women in

Hydropower Concern Committee

will be encouraged by the project.

Special training to Women, Dalit,

Limbu, and Walung and Rai

(Disadvantageous groups) and

Indigenous groups will be provided

under the Environmental

Enhancement Program.

ESISU EIA Prior to land

occupancy

Project proponent 150,000

11 Issues of foot trails

along canal

alignment

Internal access road will be

constructed for the project which

after completion of construction will

easily be used by local of the areas.

So foot trails that are influenced due

to project construction will be

relocated on suitable location that

ease assess in project structure and

its temporary facilities.

Contractor/ ESISU EIA Progressively

during

construction


12 Issues on houses

and settlements

along water

conveyance

alignment

Project has come up with the

following measure to have proper

managements of the settlements

around the core area so that the

settlements will not disturb the

ongoing development of the

project.

ESISU EIA During

Construction

Project proponent Included in project

Construction costs


274


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

13 Issues of blasting

and other

construction

activities

The petroleum bunkers will be

placed in a separate area in a

concrete bonded area with a facility

of oil and grease separator. The

impact will be incorporated since the

design phase of the project.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


Construction costs

14 Impacts related to

tourism activity

The materials needed for the tourist

will be made available as far as

possible so that it do not pressurized

the local resources.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


Construction costs

15 Impact of solid

waste

Segregation of solid waste and

recycling, reduce and reuse system

of solid waste management system

will be strictly followed. Solid

Waste Management Regulation of

GoN, 2070 will be strictly followed.

Contractor EIA Progressively

during

construction


Construction costs

16 Land Encroachment Illegal clearing, encroachment to

forest area will be strictly banned to

the project and project workers.

Haphazard clearance and NTFPs

collection will be checked.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


Construction costs

17 Water use right To minimize the impact of water use,

the project will further release of

10% of monthly flow from Kabeli

River.

ESISU EIA During

Construction


Construction costs

Total ( Construction Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment = 59,500,729

Adverse Impacts Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment (Operation Phase)

1 Decrease or

withdrawal in

economic activities

The local farmers, business people

and traders will be made aware of the

income generating activities that

could be operated by the availability


Operation

phase



275


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

of the electricity in their area.

2 Occupation Health

& Safety Hazards

Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) and other safety equipment as

required during operation phase will

be provided.


Operation

phase


3 Reduction of

agricultural land

The temporarily used land will be

rehabilitated by project itself and

handed over to the respective

owner.


Operation

phase

Project proponent Included in 3.1, i

4 Release of water

downstream in the

dewatered stretch on

the people &

wildlife

Siren network will be established in

the dewatered zone by the project.

Local people will be given

awareness training to safeguard their

cattle from the flood plain area after

the siren is blown.


Operation

phase

Project proponent Will be included in

project operation

cost

5 Impact arising due

to penstock/pressure

shaft crossing

The impact will be incorporated

since the design phase of the project.


pressure shaft/ penstock alignment

will be strictly prohibited.


Operation

phase


6 Dislocation

/disturbance to foot

trails along canal

alignment

Destructed land area will be

stabilized immediately and

destructed structures will be also

repaired instantly or other protective

measures will be also constructed if

necessary.


Operation

phase


7 Issues related to

tourism activity and

its pressure on local

resources

To minimize the pressure in the

local resources due to visit of more

tourists, health and drinking water

facilities will be established,


Operation

phase



276


responsible

National

Standards

or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of

Actions

Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

tourist will not allowed to enter the

forest without guide, hunting and

poaching will be strictly

prohibited.

8 Water Use Right Natural condition of ecosystem

could not be anticipated and impact

will remain as residual.


Operation

phase

Project proponent Will be included in

project operation

cost

9 Issues to indigenous

and vulnerable

communities/groups

of Project Area

Priority to job opportunity will be

provided to the people of affected

indigenous, vulnerable and

backward group or families in the

project area in order to raise their

living standard. Special training to

Women, Dalit, Limbu, Sherpa, and

Rai communities.


Operation

phase


Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment = 1,550,000


277

10.6 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan

The environmental mitigation measures described in chapter VII will be implemented in

different phases of proposal implementation. Environmental management actions to be

undertaken and to be adopted for the realization of mitigation measures for Pre-construction,

Construction, Post Construction and Operation Phases are presented in the Table 10.4, 10.5,

10.6 and 10.7. The Environmental Mitigation Management Plan briefly describes impacts,

description of mitigation action required, individual or agency responsible, national standards

and guidelines, timing of actions, responsible authority, and tentative financial requirements.


278

Table 10.4: Procedure for the implementation and incorporation of EIA and Environmental Management Plan during Pre-

construction Phase S. N Mitigation Measures Individuals

responsible

National

Standards or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of Actions Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

1 Approval from the KCA to use the

KCA area as stipulated in the

development plan at least 3 months

before the start of the construction

ESMSU/SE EIA 3 months prior

construction

Project Proponent Included in ESMSU

contract

2 Approval from the KCA of the

forest areas required for the project

ESMSU/SE EIA 3 months prior

construction

Project Proponent Included in ESISU

contract

3 Completion of compensation for the

private land and community land at

least 3 months before the start of the

construction works

ESISU EIA 3 months prior

construction

Project Proponent Cost incorporated in

compensation

4 Handing over the land required for

construction at least 2 months before

the construction works to contractor

Project Manager EIA 2 months prior

construction

Project Proponent Included in contract

bid

5 Written agreement between the

contractor and the private land

owners submitted to the proponent

engineers prior to the occupancy of

the temporary land

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

6 Contractor submit the construction

camp arrangement plan (contractor,

and labor camps and other camps)

for approval to the engineers before

construction and get approval from

engineers prior to the start of

construction

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

7 Contractor submit the quarry,

burrow pit excavation and

rehabilitation plan to the engineers

for approval before construction and

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid


279

S. N Mitigation Measures Individuals

responsible

National

Standards or

Guidelines/

Approved

Documents

Timing of Actions Competent

Authority/agency

Mitigation Costs

(NRs)

get approval from engineers prior to

the start of construction

8 Contractor submit the spoil disposal

and rehabilitation plan to the

engineers before construction and

get approval from engineers prior to

the start of construction

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

9 Contractor submit health and safety

operation plan to the engineers for

approval before construction and get

approval from engineers prior to the

start of construction

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

10 Contractor submit the emergency

preparedness plan to the engineers

before construction and get approval

from engineers prior to the start of

construction

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

11 The contractor submit overall

environmental management plan of

the construction works within the

premises of the construction area to

the engineers and get approval prior

to the start of construction works

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy


bid

12 The engineers examine the plans in

the context of approved EIA and

give approval with or without

modification prior to the start of

construction works to the contractor

Contractor/

ESMSU/SE

EIA Prior to land

occupancy

Project Proponent Included in ESMSU

/SA contract


280

Table 10.5: Disaster Risk Management Plan S.

N

Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities

1 Formulation of Disaster Risk

Reduction and coping team in

project

Construction Internal project access

roads, Penstock pipe

area, powerhouse,

tailrace

Project Proponent,

Contractor

2 Identification of Disaster

prone areas such as landslide

hazard zone, river flood plain

areas, etc.


roads, camps, storage

area, powerhouse, muck

disposal sites etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

3 Regular maintenance of of

project components along the

flood plain.

Post-construction Penstock pipe

alignment, powerhouse,


Project Proponent,

Contractor

4 Protection measures in the

landslide prone areas and

areas with risk of floods and

soil erosion.

Construction Penstock pipe



Project Proponent,

Contractor

5 Engineering techniques like

bioengineering, gabion walls,

retaining walls, drainage

managements

Construction camps, storage area,

powerhouse, muck

disposal sites etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

6 Alarming and Training to task

group will be given to cope

with disasters and emergency

Post-construction Penstock pipe


muck disposal sites,

nearby settlements, etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

7 Occupational Health Safety

and Environmental Safety will

be made strict for the

implementation


roads, camps, storage

area, powerhouse, muck

disposal sites etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

Table 10.6: Emergency Preparedness Management Plan S.

N


1 Provision of sirens to inform the people of

the emergencies (fire hazards, chemical

hazard, traffic accidents, earthquake etc.)

and drill operations.

Construction Internal project

access roads,

intake, Penstock

pipe powerhouse,

etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

2 A system will be developed for warning or

informing people before release of water

downstream like siren. Awareness program

will be conducted to educate local people

about the importance of siren warning

system, possibilities of accidents and other

possible impacts.

Construction Intake, penstock

pipe alignment,

powerhouse,

muck disposal

sites, nearby

settlements, etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

3 Siren network will be established in the

dewatered zone and will be blown for 5

minutes continuously by the project staff

and repeat if necessary as warning alarm

before the release of water from the dam for

maintenance.

Construction

and post-

construction

Intake, penstock

pipe alignment,

powerhouse,

muck disposal

sites, nearby

settlements, etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

4 Provision of stabilizing equipment and

facilities to the injured before they could be

moved to the nearest hospital with good

facilities.

Construction Intake, penstock

pipe alignment,

powerhouse,

muck disposal

sites, etc

Project Proponent,

Contractor


281

Table 10.7: Decommissioning plan of temporary facilities S.

N


1 Rehabilitation of the

excavated slopes of the

construction areas using

appropriate bio-engineering

measures /enrichment

plantation /vegetative cover

Post-Construction Internal project access roads,

penstock pipe area,

powerhouse, tailrace

Project

Proponent,

Contractor

2 Rehabilitation of the drainage

networks as to the

requirement (some area might

need strengthening while in

some it might have to

demolished completely to

give the land and drainage to

natural condition)

Post-Construction Internal project access roads,

camps, storage area,

powerhouse, muck disposal

sites etc.

Project

Proponent,

Contractor

3 Demolition of all unnecessary

structures, their foundations,

and clean up and reclaim the

sites to pre-construction phase

Post-construction Temporary residential

camps, storage yards,

mechanical yards, batching

plant, aggregate crushers,

aggregate washing plants,

waste water treatment sites

and aggregate washout

discharges etc.

Project

Proponent,

Contractor

4 Rehabilitation of the muck

disposal site with proper

drainage facility, leveling and

compaction as per approved

plan. Use of the saved top soil

on the top of the disposal sites

to develop the land in an

usable land for plantation/

garden/picnic spot

Post-Construction Muck disposal site Project

Proponent,

Contractor

5 Rehabilitation of the quarry

area in such a way that

puddles and depressions are

not left out

Post-construction Quarry area Project

Proponent,

Contractor

6 Handover of the leased land

sites to the respective owner

and get a certificate of

handover

Post –construction Quarry Area /Labor camps Project

Proponent,

Contractor

Table 10.8: Erosion Abatement and Spoil Management Plan

S

N


1 Potential landslide and soil erosion will be

controlled through:

Pegging and flagging on the boundary of

the landslide area

Maintenance of slope less than the angle of

repose

Provision of proper drains

Bio-engineering measures on landslide

Pre-construction,

Construction

Project area Project Proponent,

Contractor


282

S

N


Grass turfing on gentle slopes and

concreting on the steep slope with benching

height >3 m and proper drainage

2 All surface excavation above 3 m vertical

height will be excavated through benching

Construction All project

sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

3 The excavated surface will be protected

against the water erosion by adequate

vertical and horizontal drainages and the

water collected from the excavation area

will be discharged into safe area.


sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

4 Stockpiling and storage of the construction

materials in designated sites only.

Prohibition on the stockpiling of

construction materials in other areas


sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

5 Muck disposal will be carried out in the

designated sites Prohibition of disposal in

other non-designated areas

Construction Headworks,

powerhouse

Project Proponent,

Contractor

6 Prior to the start of disposal, the contractor

will make a plan for disposal and get

approval from Project Management. The

plan will have adequate protection

measures e.g. for protection of the disposal

areas to ensure safe from the monsoon

washout.

Construction disposal sites Project Proponent,

Contractor

7 The spoil deposited will be properly

compacted and will be facilitated by

surface runoff drainage to avoid air

pollution and run off erosion. Land of about

6.21 m will be used for the disposal of

mucks.

Construction disposal sites Project Proponent,

Contractor

8 All construction sites will be facilitated

with run off drainages during construction

period and later re-modified to suit to the

local conditions in the operation period as

permanent network. The runoff water

collected will be safely discharged to the

natural water bodies


construction

sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

9 All project facility sites (camps,

mechanical yards, storage facilities,

disposal sites etc.) will have drainage

facilities to collect and discharge the runoff

water safely to the natural water bodies.


facility sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

10 The internal project access road will be

provided permanent side drain structures to

collect water from the upslope area. The

collected water of the side drains will be

discharged to suitable natural waterway to

avoid upstream and downstream erosion


sites

Project Proponent,

Contractor

11 Cleaning of the roadside drains and other

drainage structures in a regular interval to

make it functional.

Construction Internal

project access

roads and

drainages in

other areas

Project Proponent,

Contractor


283

Table 10.9: Siren Management Plan S.

N


1 Siren system will be installed in dewatered

zone and nearest settlement.

Construction

and operation

Internal project

access roads,

intake, penstock

pipe/penstock,

powerhouse,

dewatered zone,

nearest settlement

Project Proponent,

Contractor

2 Sirens to inform the people of the emergencies

(fire hazards, chemical hazard, traffic

accidents, earthquake, flood etc.) and drill

operations. Siren will be blown continuously

for 30 seconds or more in interval of 5 minutes

so that the locals will aware of the emergency

and can take the preventive measures.

Construction

and operation

Internal project

access road, intake,

penstock pipe,

powerhouse,

dewatered zone,

nearest settlement

Project Proponent,

Contractor

2 During maintenance, siren network will be

established in the dewatered zone and Siren

will be blown before 1 hours by the project

staff at least four time at a time interval of 15

minutes as warning alarm before the release of

water from the dam during the normal project

for maintenance.

Operation Internal project

access roads,

intake, penstock

pipe/penstock,

powerhouse, muck

disposal sites,

nearby settlements,

etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

4

n case of emergency release, immediately after

knowing the situation, siren will be blown

continuously for 1 minutes or more in interval

of 10 minutes so that the locals will aware of

the emergency and can take the preventive

measures. Repeat if necessary, as warning

alarm before the release of water from the dam

for maintenance.

Operation Internal project

access roads,

intake, penstock

pipe, powerhouse,

nearby settlements,

etc.

Project Proponent,

Contractor

5 Awareness program will be conducted to

educate local people about the importance of

siren warning system, possibilities of accidents

and other possible impacts.

Construction

and Operation

Nearest settlements Project Proponent,

Contractor

Table 10.10: Wildlife Management Plan for Red panda and Snow Leopard S.

N


1 The NPWC Act, 1973, has made the clear

provision of complete protection of protected

wildlife of Nepal including Red Panda under

the Section 10 of the Act. In Section 26 (2) of

the Act, there is a provision of fine upto

40,000-75,000 to any person who kills or tries

to kill Red Panda or jailed for 1-10 years, or

both.

Construction

and Operation

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU

2 Coordination with the Red Panda Network,

which has been working in eastern Nepal

could also have played a role in fostering the

more positive attitudes in non-protected areas

Establish effective community based anti-

poaching · program.

Construction

and Operation

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU


284

S.

N


3 Vulnerable areas should be identified and

subsequently ecoregion-wise, plant species

should be planted to improve the habitat

conditions. Impetus has to be given to revive

the dried water sources inside the forest, as

water is a critical habitat component for the red

pandas.

Construction

and Operation

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU

4 Potential red panda habitat where red panda

has not been encountered recently may be

taken up for re-populating through a

combination of habitat improvement and wild-

to-wild translocation. Captive to wild

translocation could also be taken up with

utmost care, and after complying with all

relevant national and international guidelines

about ex-situ conservation, re-population and

related matters

Construction

and Operation

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU

5 Depute trained manpower at transit point to

control illegal trade. Aware and trained

Custom Officials to control illegal · trafficking

Trans-boundary agreement should be

implemented at PA levels.

Need agreement with Concerned stakeholders

to ensure regulations required for controlling

feral dog populations was complied,

sensitization of army personnel, as well as the

community in forest fringes for controlling the

population of these feral dogs

Operation

Period

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU/ESISU

6 Compliance to Snow leopard conservation

action plan for Nepal implemented by the

Department of National Parks and Wildlife

Conservation (DNPWC) in close partnership

with the Department of Forests and Soil

Conservation (DoFSC), National Trust for

Nature Conservation (NTNC), WWF Nepal,

and other local, national, and international

conservation organizations.

Construction

and Operation

Period

Internal Project

Access Road,

Headworks,

Headrace tunnel

alignment,

Penstock

pipe/penstock,

Tailrace tunnel

ESMSU/ESISU

7 Involvement of members of Conservation area

management committee during project

construction in order to ease normal

movement and ranging behavior in prime

snow leopard habitats and support regular

awareness camps and developing local

capacity to reduce human-snow leopard

conflict

Construction Project components

and Facilities

ESMSU/ESISU


285

Table 10.11: Explosive Handling Management Plan S

N


1 Explosive for blasting, which

will be procured from the

Nepal Army

Construction Tunnel and

Underground structure

Contractor/Project

Proponent

2 Siren will be blown before 1

hour of explosion and will be

blown continuously for 30

seconds or more in interval of

5 minutes

Construction Tunnel and

Underground structure

Contractor/Project

Proponent

3 One separate structure for

bunker house will be

constructed at construction

yard for the safe storage of

toxic chemicals, explosives

and detonators needed for the

project.

Construction Powerhouse site Contractor/Project

Proponent

4 Storage and handling of

explosive is risky and needs

high-level attention and help

of securities.

Construction Headrace area Contractor/Project

Proponent

5 The bunker for the storage and

handling of the explosives will

be constructed in the premises

of Nepal Army.

Construction Headrace tunnel area Contractor/Project

Proponent

6 As minimum as possible

blasting activities will be

carried out in daytime.

Construction Headrace tunnel Contractor/Project

Proponent

7 Surface, blasting activities

will be carried out only at

daytime. People will restrict to

enter the blasting area.

Post-construction Headrace tunnel Contractor/Project

Proponent

8 Blasting activities could have

the impact on the existing

topography and settlement.

However, these settlements

are far from the area these

need blasting action.

Construction Headrace tunnel and

nearby settlements

Contractor/Project

Proponent

9 The chemicals released from

the explosive will be disposed

safely

Construction Headrace Tunnel Contractor/Project

Proponent

Table 10.12: Afforestation Plan S.

N


1 As compensatory plantation,

50,000 seedlings of tree

species will be planted by

proponent for cutting 500 trees

for the project at appropriate

places in and around the

Project area.

Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/

ESMSU/ESISU

2 3728 seedlings (1600

seedlings per hectares) of tree

species will be planted by


ESMSU/ESISU


286

S.

N


proponent in compensated

land at appropriate places in

and around the Project area for

the using 2 ha government

land permanently.

3 The proponent will manage

the plantation area for 5 years

in this own cost and handover

the plantation forests to KCA.


ESMSU/ESISU

4 With due consideration on

possible survival rate of the

sapling to be planted, the

project will allocate necessary

budget for re-planting of

necessary seedlings.


ESMSU/ESISU

5 In addition, replacement

plantation will be done for

those saplings that will die

within five years.


ESMSU/ESISU

Table 10.13: Watershed Management Plan

SN Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities

1 Considering the risk

associated with sediment flow

the watershed protection

works of the Kabeli khola will

be taken.

Construction

/operation

Watershed area/Settling

basin

Project Proponent,

Contractor

2 Regular clearance of the

settling basin will be carried

out during the operation phase

especially during rainy season.

Thus collected sediment will

be put safely.

Operation Watershed area/Settling

basin

Project Proponent,

Contractor

3 Mandatory release of 10% of

minimum monthly flow water

from the weir axis will be

made.

Operation Powerhouse site Project Proponent,

Contractor

4 Conservation awareness

programs to conserve the

micro watershed will be

carried out.

Operation Nearby settlement Project Proponent,

Contractor

5 Micro watersheds of the area

will be given special attention

for the restoration the natural

habitat. Plantation of native

trees will be done in barren

land of watershed area.

Operation Watershed area Contractor/

ESMSU/ESISU

6. Aligning anchor blocks,

bioengineering techniques,

gabion wall and other

protective walls will be

constructed along the

vulnerable slopes and

topography of watershed.

Construction

/operation

Watershed area Project Proponent,

Contractor


287

10.7 Environmental Monitoring Management Plan

The environmental monitoring plan designed for the project has three main objectives;

To ensure that the project baseline conditions were adequately documented such that a

comparative assessment of the project baseline before and after the project could be

made objectively for impact evaluation

To ensure that the mitigation commitments to minimize the predicted adverse impacts

and maximize the beneficial impacts including the environmental enhancement

programs were actually complied and implemented in time and with sincerity by the

project.

To verify that the project impacts were within the limits of the EIA impact prediction

or some unforeseen impacts also occurred during project development and what

measures were taken to minimize the unforeseen impacts.

Taking into account of the above objectives, three types of monitoring are envisaged in the

plan, namely: Baseline Monitoring, Compliance Monitoring and Impact Monitoring. Since the

required databases for the environmental baseline (except for air and noise) are already

collected by the EIA study, the project is not envisaged to require Baseline Monitoring in other

environmental sectors except for ambient air and noise levels.

The compliance monitoring comprises two parts; the first is the compliance to the mitigation

management plan as depicted in Table 7.3 including the corrective actions issued by the

ESMSU and other stakeholders. The second part comprises of the legal standards and guideline

issued by the government of Nepal and the approval and permit conditions as given in section

10.3 of this management plan.

The impact monitoring comprises monitoring of the key baseline indicators whose pre-project

baseline is well documented for a comparative environmental assessment in various stages of

project development.

Table 10.13, 10.14 and 10.15 presents the baseline monitoring plan, compliance monitoring

plan and impact monitoring plan in a matrix format showing monitoring indicators, monitoring

methods, frequency of monitoring, responsible parties along with the required cost estimates.


288

Table 10.14: Baseline Monitoring Plan S. N Indicator Individuals responsible Methods Frequency/Time Place Financial

commitment (NRs.)

1 Ambient air quality

for TSP (ug.m3)

ESMSU High volume air

sample /Low volume

air sampler

24 hrs./ once prior to start

of construction

Near Headwork, Adit

tunnel, Headrace tunnel,

Penstock pipe/Penstock &

Powerhouse sites

215,000

2 Noise Level ESMSU Noise Level Meter 15 minutes for four

different time zone

Near Headwork, Adit

tunnel, headrace tunnel,

Penstock pipe/ penstock &

Powerhouse sites

185,000

3 Water quality ESMSU Laboratory Analysis 4 times prior to start of

construction

Near Headwork, downhill

of headrace tunnel,

Downhill of surge shaft,

Powerhouse site

200,000

600,000


Table 10.15: Compliance Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation Phase S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals

responsible

Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial

commitment

(NRs.)

A. Pre-construction Phase

1 Approval of government land acquisition

and tree clearance from cabinet.

Government land acquisition and clearance

of trees in project site

ESMSU Approval Document Review of

approval letter of

GoN for KCA

area

Once Site office Included in

construction

management

2 Contractor submit the construction camp

arrangement plan (contractor, and labor

camps and other camps) for approval to the

engineers before construction and get

approval from engineers prior to the start of

construction

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of work

plan of

construction of

camps

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction

management

3 Contractor submit the quarry, burrow pit

excavation and rehabilitation plan to the

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of

quarry, burrow

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction


289

S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals

responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

engineers for approval before construction

and get approval from engineers prior to the

start of construction

pit excavation

and rehabilitation

plan

management

4 Contractor submit the muck disposal and

rehabilitation plan to the engineers before

construction and get approval from engineers

prior to the start of construction

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of muck

disposal and

rehabilitation

plan

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction

management

5 Contractor submit health and safety

operation plan to the engineers for approval

before construction and get approval from

engineers prior to the start of construction

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of health

and safety

operation plan to

the engineers

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction

management

6 Contractor submit the emergency

preparedness plan to the engineers before

construction and get approval from engineers

prior to the start of construction

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of

emergency

preparedness

plan

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction

management

7 The contractor submit overall environmental

management plan of the construction works

within the premises of the construction area

to the engineers and get approval prior to the

start of construction works

ESMSU Submission

documents

Review of

environmental

management plan

Once Site office/

Engineers

Included in

construction

management

8 The engineers examine the plans in the

context of approved EIA and give approval

with or without modification prior to the start

of construction works to the contractor

ESMSU Approval documents Review of

approved EIA

Once Site

office/Engi

neers

Included in

construction

management

B. Construction Phase

I. Socio-economic & Cultural Environment

Adverse Issues

9 Priority employment in the project and other

rehabilitation support

ESMSU Employment records/

consultation with

local people

Number of

skilled and

unskilled human

resources from

local area and

outsider, number

2 months Site office

Project site

“” “”


290


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

of male and

female human

resources

10 Compensation to the concerned stakeholder

as per the lease price of the Forest Regulation

for the period of land occupancy, forest land,

KCA

ESMSU Compensation

records/ consultation

with local people,

offices

Compensation

cost of leased

land of KCA and

private land given

in approved EIA

Once Site office

Project site

“” “”

11 Compensation of the aggregate volume

excavated as per DCC guideline

ESMSU DCC guidelines Compensation

cost for

extracting

aggregates form

KCA land

2 months Site office

Project site

“” “”

12 Support health service facility within the

construction camps

ESMSU Site observation Number of health

care centers.

2 months Project site “” “”

13 Support to local administrative units of local

governments

ESMSU Consultation with

local government

official

Trainings to the

staffs about local

governance


14 Separate water supply and communication

facility for the camp

ESMSU Site observation Number of taps in

camp


15 Establish sanitation management unit in

construction sites and camps

ESMSU Site observation Number of toilets

in camps as per

guidelines.

Sufficient source

of water supply


16 Launch community awareness program on

communicable disease

ESMSU Training records/

consultation with

local people

Complains on

number of

communicable

disease

Awareness

programs and

trainings



291


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

17 Organize regular ethical behavioral

programs to outside workers

ESMSU Request police

records/ Consultation

with workers

Number of

training related

on ethical

behaviors and

police records


19 Request district Police Office to increase the

police personnel to enhance the local law and

order.

ESMSU Consultation to

police personnel

Number of

complains on

social conflicts

and police

personnel


20 Awareness training to project personnel ESMSU Consultation with

project personnel

Number and type

of awareness

training to project

human resources

2 months Site office “” “”

21 The project contractors and the workforce

will be obliged through contractual

provisions


local people and

review contractual

provision

Review of

detailed design

and proposed

work plan


22 KCA post will be assisted financially for the

construction of residential and office blocks

of up to 50 personnel


KCAP for financial

support

Budget allocated

for construction

of KCA post


23 For the project construction period, project

will provide salary and allowances for

additional 10 game scouts to increase

monitoring and surveillance of the nearby

KCA area.

ESMSU records/ consultation

with KCAP

Number of game

scouts and budget

allocated


24 Establishment of a centrally located health

service facility

ESMSU Direct observation Number of health

service facility

post


25 Provision of standby ambulance in the

centrally located health service facility

ESMSU Direct observation Number of

ambulance


26 Provisions of medical stocks and other

support facilities in the centrally located

ESMSU Direct observation Types of support

to the health



292


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

health facility to stabilize the conditions of

injured prior

center

27 Provision of first aid facility in the

construction camps, and construction sites

ESMSU Direct observation Provision of First

aid kits and other

facilities


28 Provision of personnel protective equipment

such as helmets, gloves, boots, mask, ear

plugs, safety belts etc. as to the requirement

of the construction work


helmets, gloves,

boots, mask, ear

plugs, safety belts

provided for

human resources


29 Organize regular safety instruction and

safety drills prior to, during and after the

working hours in a routinely manner

ESMSU Direct observation Safety instruction

program


30 Place hoarding boards, and traffic signs in

the critical points in traffic corridor and

conduct awareness campaigns to locals


holding boards

and number of

awareness

program on

traffic sign and

traffic corridor


31 Place danger sign in critical danger areas in

the construction sites


danger sign

placed and

locations


32 All the construction sites will be fenced and

unauthorized persons will not be allowed in

the construction sites

ESMSU Direct observation Fencing location

and materials

used


33 Sirens will be blown before 1 hours by the

project staff at least four time at a time

interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm

before 1 hours by the project staff at least

four time at a time interval of 15 minutes as

ESMSU Direct observation Trainings of siren

system and

number of

accidents

recorded



293


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

warning alarm before the release of water

from the dam during the normal project for

maintenance.

34 All visitors in the construction site will be

instructed to wear protective helmets and

other safety gears


trainings and

protective

helmets, other

safety gears


35 Gender will not be a reason for employment

discrimination. Equal opportunity will be

given to male and female in the employment

with certain percentage reservation to female

ESMSU Direct observation/

consultation with

women groups

Number of male

and female

human resources

and salary of

male and female

human resources


36 Construction workforce will be instructed

not to indulge in gender impartial activities

and if found involved will be expelled from

project jobs and complaint is filed to police

station for other legal actions

ESMSU Records/ direct

observation,

discussions with the

local communities

Number of police

complains/Gende

r equality


37 Under aged child will not be employed for

the construction jobs or in jobs within the

camps of client and contractors.

ESMSU Records/ direct

observation,


local communities

Number of

complains of

child labour


II. Physical and Chemical Environment

Adverse Issues

38 Landscaping of the excavated areas to match

with the surrounding topographic forms

ESMSU direct observation, Number of muck

disposal area and

its capacity


39 Landscaping of the spoil deposition areas to

match with the surrounding topographic

forms

ESMSU direct observation, Spoil disposal

areas and

aesthetic values

monthly Project site “” “”

40 Honking of vehicular horns will be restricted

by placing signs along the traffic corridors

ESMSU direct observation,


Noise level

measurement

Daily Project site “” “”


294


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

and in the construction sites local communities using noise level

meter in access

road and number

of no horn zone

41 Mechanical noise of the equipment and

machinery will be minimized by regularly

maintaining the equipment and machinery

ESMSU direct

observation,/records

Noise level

measurement

using noise level

meter in access

road

Dally Project site “” “”

42 Noise generating activities will be restricted

to the day time zone only

ESMSU direct observation,


local communities

Noise level

measurement

using noise level

meter in access

road


43 The ventilators and adit portals will be fitted

with noise control device

ESMSU direct


Noise level

measurement

using noise level

meter


44 Cut batter slopes above 1.5 height will be

protected by bio-engineering

ESMSU direct


Record of slope

failures, location

for

bioengineering


45 Side casting of the excavated materials will

be minimized. All the spoils will be

deposited at the designated muck disposal

sites

ESMSU direct


Number of

spoil/muck

disposal area

daily Project site “” “”

46 Side drains will be made all along the

internal access roads with drainage bypass at

appropriate location to minimize the surface

run off erosion of the road surface.

ESMSU direct


Side drains/poth

holes/Water

logging along

access road/

angle of repose


47 Prohibition of muck disposal in the

unauthorized areas

ESMSU direct


Number of muck

disposal area



295


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

48 Dry gabion wall of about 0.5 m shall be

erected on the river side before deposition of

the spoils in the river bank to avoid toe

erosion of the spoil in the monsoon

ESMSU direct


Gabio wall, Toe

erosion,

deposition of

spoils


49 Appropriate drainage will be established

around the muck disposal

ESMSU direct


Drainage around

muck disposal

area


50 The spoil deposition surface will be

compacted and drainage will be established

after the completion of the spoil deposition

ESMSU direct


Spoil

compactiona and

drainage facility


51 Quarry slope will managed through benching

at every 5 m to avoid land instability problem

at the quarried slope.

ESMSU direct


Land Instability

and Benching in

quarried slope


52 Prohibition to excavation at quarry forming

steep slopes (above 70 degree)

ESMSU direct


Stability of

quarry sites


53 Appropriate drainage management plan and

execution of the plan around the headwork

areas

ESMSU direct


Drainage

management plan

around headwork

area


54 Side drains will be made all along the

internal access roads with drainage bypass at

appropriate location to minimize the surface

run off erosion of the road surface.

ESMSU direct


Number of

surface runoff

and its prevention

technique;

number of side

drains


III. Chemical Environment

Adverse Issue

55 Regular water sprinkling in the Main access

road corridors in the dry season will be

carried out to arrest the road blown dusts

ESMSU direct


Number of times

of water sprinkle

per day


56 All vehicles and machinery used in the

project will be in compliance with emission

ESMSU direct


Regular

Maintenance and

Every six months Project site “” “”


296


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

standards set for vehicles and machinery by

MoFE

servicing of

vehicles

57 Waste water discharges will be settled in a

sedimentation tank before releasing into the

receiving water body

ESMSU direct


Water treatment

plants, volume of

sedimentation

settled


58 Waste water from the aggregate washing

plant and crusher will be settled into

sedimentation tank before releasing into the

receiving water bodies

ESMSU direct


Water treatment

plants, volume of

sedimentation

settled


59 Waste water from the batching plant,

mechanical equipment yards will be settled

into sedimentation tanks before releasing in

to the receiving water bodies

ESMSU direct


Water treatment

plants, volume of

sedimentation

settled


60 All spent mobile, greases, lubricating oils in

the mechanical and equipment yards and

other hazardous waste of camps and

construction sites will be collected separately

and kept in plastic drums for safe disposal as

per the instruction of engineers. Haphazard

disposal of the spent petroleum products and

hazardous waste will be prohibited.

ESMSU direct


Waste Water

treatment plans

Safe disposal in

sanitary landfill

sites for


61 A separate bounded area with cemented floor

will be designated for the reserve of

petroleum products. The run off discharges

of the floor will be passed through oil/ grease

separator before releasing into the natural

water bodies. The separated oil and grease

will be collected in plastic drums for disposal

as authorized by the engineers

ESMSU direct


Oil grease

separator, Water

quality


62 Temporary toilets with earthen pit (one for

every 30 workers) will be developed in all

the active construction sites and mechanical

equipment yards. Open defecation in and

ESMSU direct


Number of toilets

in camp and

sanitation



297


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

around the construction sites will be

prohibited

situations

63 The drums and containers of the toxic

chemicals will be collected in a separate

bounded area for later disposal as authorized

by the engineers.

ESMSU direct


Waste treatment

and its disposal


64 All the engineer's camps, contractor's camps,

and labor camps will be facilitated with

sufficient numbers of toilets and bathrooms

(at least one for every 20 workers). Septic

tanks and soak pits as to the requirement to

assimilate the wastes will be built. Open

defecation in and around the camps will be

prohibited. Sanitary wastes will not be

discharged into open water bodies.

ESMSU direct


Number of toilets

in camp and

sanitation

situations


65 Disposal of spoils directly into the water

bodies will be prohibited. All spoil materials

of the settling basin, forebay, penstock,

tailrace, powerhouse, quarry areas will be

placed in the designated muck disposal sites

or as authorized by the engineer

ESMSU direct


Number of muck

disposal sites and

its capacity


66 Cement bags, plastic containers, mesh weirs,

small iron rods, and other metallic and non-

metallic packaging materials will be

collected and deposited in separate

designated areas as advised by the engineers.

Haphazard disposal of such wastes will be

prohibited in and around the construction

sites. These waste materials will be disposed

as directed by the engineers

ESMSU direct


Safe disposal in

proper disposal

sites


67 Disposal of spoil spoil/debris will be

prohibited in unauthorized areas

ESMSU direct


Number of muck

disposal sites and

its capacity



298


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

68 All the camp solid wastes; households, and

offices solid wastes will be collected daily

and will be deposited in separate bounded

areas as per the nature of wastes. These

wastes will be disposed as per the direction

of the engineers. Haphazard disposal of

camp solid wastes will be prohibited.

ESMSU direct


Waste collection

and dumping

practices


IV. Biological Environment

Adverse Issues

69 Forest and vegetation will be felled only to

the required by pegging the area and

numbering the trees

ESMSU direct


Number of trees

to be cut from

KCA and private

land its

compensation


70 Compensatory afforestation of the felled

local tree species as per department of Forest

Guideline 2006 will be carried out in

consultation with the District Forest Office

on the project costs.

ESMSU direct


Number of trees

to be cut from

KCA and private

land its

compensation


71 The outside construction workforce will be

encouraged to live in the labor camps where

kerosene or LPG will be provided by the

project for central cooking

ESMSU direct


Number of camp

and amount of

kerosene and

LPG distributed


72 Fuel wood will be strictly prohibited in the

camps for cooking or any other purpose

ESMSU direct


Records of illegal

collection of

firewood from

KCA


73 Project will not purchase project required

timber and other products from unauthorized

local person or business man

ESMSU direct


Records of illegal

collection of

firewoods from

KCA


74 Noise generating activities will be limited to

only day time zone

ESMSU direct


Number of diesel

generator and



299


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

noise level

measurements

75 The project staff and workforce will be

instructed not to visit the forest area of KCA

ESMSU direct


Awareness on

conservation of

KCA


76 Outside workforce and staff found in illegal

poaching of wildlife will be terminated from

project jobs

ESMSU direct


Number of

records of

complains


77 Meat of wildlife in the camps will be strictly

prohibited

ESMSU direct


Number of

records of

complains


78 Unless not required by the project structural

placement, the riverbed will not be disturbed.

ESMSU direct


Selection of

quarry sites and

river bed


79 Discharge of spent oils, mobiles, slurry of

batching plant, discharge from settling

basins, aggregate washing plants, untreated

camp toiletry waste, mechanical yards will

be prohibited to be discharged directly into

the river

ESMSU direct


Solid waste

management

techniques


80 Unauthorized muck disposal in the river

flood plain will be prohibited

ESMSU direct


Site selection of

muck disposal


81 Fishing will be restricted for the project staff

and outside project workforce

ESMSU direct


Type of fishes

found and

checking on

illegal fishing


82 Disposal of the camp waste, redundant toxic

chemical containers, spillage of toxic

materials will be prohibited in the

unauthorized areas

ESMSU direct


Solid waste

management

techniques and

disposal sites


B. Post Construction Phase

83 All the residential structures built on the ESMSU direct Number of muck monthly Project site “” “”


300


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

temporary lands are dismantled and spoils

properly disposed in designated places

observation,/records disposal area

84 The sites used for camp waste collection and

disposal are rehabilitated to the satisfaction

of the engineers

ESMSU direct


Amount of solid

waste generated


85 The quarry sites and burrow pit sites are

rehabilitated as per the quarry and burrow pit

development and rehabilitation plan the

satisfaction of engineers through bio-

engineering measures

ESMSU direct


Number and

capacity of

quarry sites;

Bioengineering

measures


86 The muck disposal sites are developed as per

the muck disposal and rehabilitation plan to

the satisfaction of engineers

ESMSU direct


Number and

capacity and site

of muck disposal


87 All the structures not required for operation

are dismantled in the construction sites and

the sites rehabilitated on consultation with

the proponent

ESMSU direct


Rehabilitation

plan


88 All the excavation sites are rehabilitated

through bio-engineering or engineering

techniques for stability as per the instruction

of the engineers.

ESMSU direct


Rehabilitation

plan


89 The engineers give certificates of

rehabilitation of all sites before the final

contact payments are made

ESMSU direct


Rehabilitation

plan and

certificates


90 For not completed rehabilitation works by

the contractors, the payments are withheld

equal to the amount required for the

rehabilitation works.

ESMSU direct


Rehabilitation

plan


D. Operation Phase

I. Socio-economic & Cultural Environment

Adverse Issues

100 Siren network will be established in the Project direct Siren awareness Once Project site “” “”


301


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

dewatered zone by the project. Manager observation,/records and number of

incidence

101 Siren will be blown before 1 hours by the

project staff at least four time at a time

interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm

Project

Manager

direct


Siren awareness

and number of

incidence

At the event of

sudden release

Project site “” “”

102 Local people will be given awareness

training to safeguard their cattle from the

flood plain area after the siren is blown

Project

Manager

direct


Siren awareness

and number of

incidence

Once Project site “” “”

II. Physical and Chemical Environment

Adverse Issues

103 Minimum release of 10% of monthly flow as

the Environmental release.

Project

Manager

direct


Regular

measurement of

environmental

release

Daily Dam site “” “”

104 Big boulders will be laid for about 50 m

stretch immediately downstream tailrace to

minimize the erosion

Project

Manager

direct


Erosions ad

landslides

Once Dam site “” “”

III. Chemical Environment

Adverse Issues

105 All the camp solid wastes; households, and

offices solid wastes will be collected daily

and will be deposited in separate bounded

areas as per the nature of wastes. These

wastes will be disposed as per the direction

of the engineers. Haphazard disposal of

camp solid wastes will be prohibited.

Project

Manager

direct


Types of solid

waste generated

and its

management

Daily Powerhous

e and

headwork

sites

“” “”

106 All the spent oils, lubricants, from the

powerhouse and switch yards and

transformers will be collected and kept in a

separate designated area. These spent oils

and lubricants will be handed over to the

authorized private waste oil and lubricant

Project

Manager

direct


Amount of waste

oils and

lubricants

Daily Powerhous

e and

headwork

sites

“” “”


302


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

dealers for treatment reuse

IV. Biological Environment

Adverse Issues

107 Release of environmental flow of 10 % of

monthly average flow (Table 4.13) will be

released downstream of Kabeli khola at all

times during project operation

Project

Manager

direct


Regular

measurement of

environmental

release

Daily Dam site “” “”

E. Beneficial Issues

I. Construction Phase

108 The main access road leading to the project

site will be regularly maintained by the

project

ESMSU records/ direct

observation,


local communities

Length and width

of road


109 Project will give preference to the local

surplus produce in the camps consumable

goods


observation,


local communities

Price of

commodities,

type and number

of shops, hotels

and groceries


110 Project will assist local government in the

organization of regular fair market


observation,


local communities

Price of

commodities,

type and number

of shops, hotels

and groceries


111 Local government and local people will be

advised for the location of such facilities. If

required layout planning of the facilities will

be assisted by the project.


observation,


local communities

Trainings of local

governance


112 Project will assist local governments in

providing trainings to the local area people

for keeping and managing hotels, lodges, and

stalls


observation,


local communities

Number of

trainings on

managing hotels,

lodges, and stalls


113 Project will instruct its contractors to provide ESMSU records/ direct Review of sub 2 months Project site “” “”


303


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

opportunities to the local area people in sub-

contracting subsidiary industrial businesses

related to the project

observation,


local communities

contract

114 The project will encourage government

services to take benefit of the improved road

and communication access


observation,


local communities

Number of

developmental

infrastructure due

to improved road


115 Afforestation as per forest guideline will be

implemented

Project

Manager

direct


Number of trees

planted, number

of species

monthly Afforestati

on area

“” “”

116 Awareness campaign will be organized once

in the beginning of project construction

works to the local community on

management and development

Project

Manager

direct


Trainings and

awareness

Monthly Project site “” “”

II. Operation Phase

117 The developed lands of the quarry will be

handed over to the Rural Municipality, if

they desired so.

Project

Manager

direct


Area of quarry

site and its

capacity


118 The developed lands of the muck disposal

sites will be handed over to the village

development committees, if they desired so.

Project

Manager

direct


Area and capacity

of muck disposal

area


119 Round the year maintenance of the main

access road will be provided within the

project area

Project

Manager

direct


Length of access

road


120 Local people will be preferred for the

operation related job opportunities and

maintenance works

Project

Manager

direct


Number of local

people employed


121 The local people will be consulted on the

future use of the quarry and burrow pit areas

and these sites will be rehabilitated as to the

future requirement

ESMSU direct


Area of quarry

site and borrow

pit and

rehabilitation

plan

2 month Project site “” “”


304


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

122 The local people will be consulted on the

future use of the spoil areas and these sites

will be rehabilitated as to the future

requirement

ESMSU direct


Area of spoil area

and rehabilitation

plan

2 month Project site “” “”

123 The project at all times will act responsibly

to enhance the local tax and revenue

collection


observation,


local communities

Provision of local

tax and revenue

collection


124 Awareness campaign will be organized

during operation phase also to the local

community on forestry management and

development

Project

Manager

direct


Number of

awareness

campaign for

forest

management



Table 10.16: Environmental Enhancement Plan Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation

Phase S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals

responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

1 School & Campus support ESMSU direct


Number of

schools and

college and list of

college to be

supported


2 Health Care Facility Support ESMSU direct


Type of support

to health facilities


3 Safe Drinking Water Supply Support ESMSU direct


Number of taps in

each camps


4 Upgrading & establishment of Road

Development

ESMSU direct


Length and width

of the road to be

upgraded


5 Infrastructures support ESMSU direct Infrastructures monthly Project site “” “”


305


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)



Table 10.17: Impact Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation Phase S. N

Monitoring Indicator Individuals

responsible

Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial

commitment

(NRs.)

Pre-Construction Phase

1 Acquisition and Leasing of KCA

and Private Land

ESMSU Agreement with community

forest, KCA forest, and land

use, right will be taken prior

to the construction period

starts.

Pre-Construction Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

snf 8

Included in

Projet design

costs

2 Land clearance ESMSU Vegetation Clearance, tree

cutting permission from

KCAP


Municipality -6, 7

and 8

Included in

Project design

costs

3 Support Facilities ESMSU Establishment of construction

support facilities


Municipality -6, 7

and 8

Included in

Projet design

costs

Construction Phase

Socio-economic & Cultural Environment

1 Quality of Life of the affected

communities/Rural Municipality

ESMSU Interviews , observation, and

administering structured

questionnaires to selected

groups

Every year during

project construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”

2 Pressure to education institutions,

health institutions, transport

ESMSU Interviews with the school

teachers, health workers,

commuters, water user

Every six months

during project

construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”


306

S. N


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

services, water sources &

drinking water supply,

groups, irrigation user groups

etc.

3 Obstruction to foot trails, private

cultivate land, suspension

bridges, etc.

ESMSU Direct observation, and

discussions with the affected

communities and parties

Every two months

during project

construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”

4 Epidemic outbreak, increase in

STD, HIV, AIDs, accidents etc.

ESMSU Direct observation, and

discussions with the affected

communities and parties

Every two months

during project

construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”

5 Injuries, accidents of

construction workforce

ESMSU Records of injuries and

accidents,

Every months during


All construction

workforce

“” “”

6 Conflicts between locals and

outside workforce

ESMSU Community consultations,

and record keepings

Every months during


Project construction

area

“” “”

7 Increase in burglary,

hooliganism, etc.

ESMSU Police records, consultation

with the communities, direct

observation

Every months during



area

“” “”

8 Prices of the commodities in the

local area

ESMSU records of commodity prices

in local markets

Every months during



area

“” “”

9 People perception of

environmental enhancement

programs

ESMSU Discussions with the

beneficiary of enhancement

programs

Every six months

during project

construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

400,000

10 Shift in cultural practices and

traditions or cultural conflicts

between locals and outsiders

ESMSU Direct observation and

community discussions

Every six months

during project

construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”


11 Landslides and debris flows

incidents

ESMSU Direct observation Every months during


Quarry sites,

Headwork,

powerhouse site,

Spoil disposal sites

500,000

12 Erosion of soil and deposition in

down slopes

ESMSU Direct observation Every months during


Quarry sites,

headwork,

“” “”


307

S. N


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

powerhouse site,

spoil disposal sites,

access roads,

aggregate crushing

and storage sites

13 Increase in noise pollution ESMSU Direct observation and

community discussions

Every day during

construction

Project sites and

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

“” “”

14 Increase in noise pollution ESMSU Instrumental measurements of

noise A weighted averages

(dBA) by noise level meters

Every 4 months

during construction

Powerhouse, &

Headwork sites

500,000

Chemical Environment

15 Water Quality of Super Kabeli

khola

ESMSU Direct observation Every day during

construction

Super Kabeli khola

below headwork and

powerhouse sites

400,000


khola

ESMSU Sample collection and

laboratory testing for the

standards parameters.

Every 6 months during

construction

Super Kabeli khola

above and below

headwork and

powerhouse

600,000

17 Water quality of effluents ESMSU Sample collection and




construction

Effluent discharges

from camps,

aggregate washing

plant, settling basin,

powerhouse, muck

disposal site,

batching plants

400,000

18 Water Quality of potable waters ESMSU Sample collection and




construction

Engineer camp, two

construction camps

and two labor camps

200,000


308

S. N


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

19 Ambient air quality ESMSU Direct observation Every day during

construction

All active

construction sites

and access road

corridor

500,000

20 Ambient air quality ESMSU Instrumental measurements of

air quality by high or low

volume samples for standards

parameters.


construction

Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7

and 8

500,000

21 Canal air quality ESMSU Instrumental measurement of

parameters for standards

parameters.

Every months during


Canal working front 500,000


22 Nos. of species cleared ESMSU Records of clearance Every months during


Directly project

affected sites

500,000

23 Ecological status of forest and

vegetation

ESMSU Direct observation and plot

studies in selected forest areas

Every six months Project affected

Rural Municipality

Included in

ESMSU costs

24 Poaching of wildlife ESMSU Community consultations,

and record keepings

Every 2 months Project affected

Rural Municipality

Included in

ESMSU costs

25 Status of afforestation and

survival rate

ESMSC Records of afforestation and

counting of survival

Every six months Afforestation area

within project

affected Rural

Municipality

Included in

ESMSU costs

Sub-total 500,000

Operation Phase

Socio-economic & Cultural Environment

26 Quality of Life of the affected

communities/RM

Project

Manager

Interviews , observation, and

administering structured

questionnaires to selected

groups

Once , after 2 years of

project operation

Both affected Rural

Municipality

500,000


309

S. N


responsible


commitment

(NRs.)

27 People perception of

environmental enhancement

programs

Project

Manager

Discussions with the

beneficiary of enhancement

programs

Once , after 2 years of

project operation

Project affected

Rural Municipality

300,000


28 landslides and debris flows

incidents in the reservoir rim

Project

Manager

Direct observation Every six months for

the first five years

Dam area, 500,000

29

Erosion of soil and deposition in

down slopes

Project

Manager

Direct observation Every six months for

the first five years

Quarry sites,

headwork,

powerhouse site,

muck disposal sites,

access roads,

aggregate crushing

and storage sites

Included in

operational

costs

Chemical Environment


khola

Project

Manager

Sample collection and


standard parameters

Once every two year

for 30 years

Super Kabeli khola

above and below

headwork and

powerhouse

1,000,000


31 Status of afforestation and

survival rate

Project

Manager

Records of afforestation and

counting of survival

Once every 3 years

30 years

Afforestation area

within project affected

areas, Sirijangha Rural

Municipality -6, 7 and

8

800,000

Sub-Total 3,100,000


310

Table 10.18: Summary of Monitoring Cost S N Type of Monitoring Estimated Cost (NRs)

1 Baseline Monitoring 600,000

2 Compliance Monitoring Included in Construction Management Cost

3 Impact monitoring construction phase 5,000,000

4 Impact Monitoring Operation Phase 3,100,000

Total 8,700,000


10.8 Records, Reporting and Corrective Actions

To demonstrate compliance with the environmental management, the proponent will instruct

the construction contractors through supervising engineer to maintain daily records of his

mitigation implementation and monitoring works in retrievable forms at its office during the

construction phase. Contractors will keep records of the employment local area people, Nepali

and foreigner and will submit such records to the Supervising engineers every month.

Similarly, records of occupational health will also be documented in retrievable forms and

submitted to supervising engineer every month. Besides, records of instructions, trainings, and

land area rented with agreements will also be submitted to the supervising engineers regularly

or when the supervising engineer demands it.

The ESMSU under ESU section will carry out monitoring works of the construction contractors

and prepare monitoring reports bimonthly during construction phase. ESISU will maintain all

the records of tree felled, land area acquired, and expenses of land acquisition and other

environmental enhancement programs implemented. These records will be provided to

ESMSU as and when demanded for the monitoring facilitation. ESMSU will provide any

corrective action required through ESU section Chief for implementation to ESISU and Civil

Supervising Engineers and maintain the records of any corrective actions recommended. The

bi-monthly reports produced by the ESMSU will be distributed to the concerned stakeholders

through the ESU section chief for their comments and suggestions. Any comments and

suggestions of the stakeholders will be taken into account in the subsequent environmental

management to enhance the project performance during construction by ESMSU. The ESMSU

consultants will compile the Environmental monitoring report of the construction phase within

3 months of the construction completion and submit to proponent. Proponent will pass the

report to stakeholders to get feedback and provide database of environmental management

works of the Proposal for future use.

In the operation phase, the Project Manager will keep records of the mitigation and monitoring

as required in the retrievable forms. Every year, the Project Manager will prepare a compiled

report and pass it to the concerned stakeholder for comments and suggestions. The project

operators will carry out any recommendations and suggestion of the concerned stakeholders.


311

10.9 Environmental Audit

The environmental audits of the hydropower projects are done with various objectives. For the

SKKHP, the MoFE will conduct environmental audit after two years of project operation as

per the EPR provisions for:

Performance audit to examine the effectiveness of the project environmental mitigation and

monitoring plan as to the approved EIA conditions; and

Project Impact Audit to examine the environmental changes arising from the project

implementation;

The envisaged environmental audit team will comprise of an environmental expert

experienced in EIA study, monitoring and auditing works as team leader accompanied by

a sociologist, terrestrial ecologist, and aquatic ecologist.

The approach for audit will be a scoping type audit, which will basically rely on the documents

and records starting from approved EIA document and including the bi-monthly monitoring

reports of the project revealing compliance to EIA approval conditions for mitigation

management and impact monitoring recorded database. The PMO will provide all the required

documents including corrective actions provided by the ESMSU, and the stakeholders, action

taken to the comments and suggestions of the stakeholders etc. Apart from the above, the audit

team will make a weeklong visit to the project site to directly observe the field conditions and

comprehend with the earlier documented reports and database. Besides, the audit team will

conduct local stakeholder meetings with the affected households and communities and key

informants including the personnel of project operation management office at the site. First

hand monitoring by the audit team for key indicators is not envisioned, as these databases are

available in recorded formats with the project management office as per the monitoring

management plan. The detail audit plan for SKKHP is shown in Table 10.18.

Table 10.19: Audit Plan for the SKKHP S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators

Physical Environment

1 Change in

river

morphology

downstream of

weir

Super Kabeli khola,

weir to powerhouse

site

Inspection Erosion of river bank

and sediment

deposition pattern

2 Air quality Headworks Area,

Access road, Penstock

pipe/ Penstock

alignment Area,

Powerhouse Area

Measurement PM10, CO, SOx, NOx

laboratory analysis, ; Dust accumulated on

and visual roofs, vegetation and

inspection surrounding area

3 Noise quality Headworks Area,

Access road, Penstock

pipe penstock

alignment Area,

Powerhouse Area

Measurement of Noise Level

noise using Noise

Level Meter

4 Water quality Super Kabeli khola,

weir to powerhouse

site

Analysis of water samples DO, pH, BOD,

turbidity, Total

suspended solid,

hardness

5 Land use

pattern

and land

All the land used by

project

Inspection Change in the Land

use


312

S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators

acquisition

area

6 Environmental

Release

Downstream of Measurement of Discharge in the river

Weir minimum release


7 Change in

vegetation

cover

Along KCA including

river flood plain area

that is used by project.

Visual observation

and counting

Decrease in

vegetation

cover, Number of

trees

and shrubs cut down

from forest

8 Numbers of

trees

Felled

Along KCA including



Visual observation

and counting

Nos. of stumps of cut

Trees

9 Wildlife

diversity

Along KCA including



Interview with local people and

observation, Photographs

Decline in the

movement and

occurrence of

wildlife.

10 Change in fish

and aquatic

species in

Super Kabeli

khola

Super Kabeli khola,

weir to powerhouse

site

Sampling at the

river stretch of

project sites and

interview with local

fishermen

occurrence and

Population of fish as

well as other aquatic

species in the river

11 Forest fire

hazards

along the project area,

afforestation sites and

at powerhouse site

Interview with local and staffs

of KCA and CMAC

frequency of fire

events,

total damage to forest

in terms of trees,

shrubs, herbs lost and

wildlife movements

within these sites

Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

12 Status of paid

out

of

compensation

Acquired land owners Questionnaire

survey and

interview

Condition of the

affected people,

useful

utilization of

compensation

13 Employment

to local

people

Employment record of

workforces and their

origin

Direct observation,

Questionnaire

survey and

interview

Project records and

local people

14 Water supply

and Sanitation

At camp sites, Direct observation, Review of

records

and interview with

workers and local

people

Records of

complaints,

epidemic disease

15 Public health Health status of Project

Affected Rural

Municipality

Review of records

and interview with

local people

Records of health post

and local people


313

S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators

16 Child labor Project employment

record

Review of

contractor records

and interview with local people

Number of child

labour

employed

17 Occupational

health and

safety

Project workers, and

occasional movement

of outsider

Review of

contractor records

and interview with

construction

workers

Number and type of

accidents/diseases

The cost for the environmental audit is estimated at NRs 1,000,000 including remuneration,

daily allowance in the field, photography, stationary, and transportation.


314

CHAPTER: XI 11 PROJECT'S ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND COSTS

This chapter presents a brief summary of the economic benefits and costs of the SKKHP.

11.1 Economic Benefit of SKKHP in the National Context

Nepal is a small Himalayan country covering an area of 147,181 km2. More or less rectangular,

it extends for 885 km in the east west direction and has a mean north south width of 193 km.

Owing to the topographic extremes; the country has less than 30% of the land area that has

potential for arable agriculture.

The population of Nepal is about 26,494,504 showing population growth rate of 1.35 per

annum. (CBS, 2011). Nepal is one of the least developed countries of the world. More than

85% of the populations live in the rural areas and most of them are not getting minimum

physical facilities that are necessary for human being. In this context, there is a great challenge

to the nation to eliminate the massive poverty of the country through overall development.

For the all-round development of the country, a careful utilization of natural resource is

necessary. The economic development of the country thus not only depends upon the quantity,

quality but also on the extent of exploitation of available natural resources of the country. Water

resource is the most important natural resource of the country with an estimated 2.27% of the

world water resources. Development of hydroelectric projects like SKKHP is envisaged to play

a critical role in furthering the economic activities of the country with positive contribution to

the national economic growth and poverty alleviation.

11.1.1 Direct Revenue Generation

With the operation of SKKHEP, the project revenue flows stem from the sale of energy. This

revenue will have a substantial annual income to the project proponent. The direct annual

energy sale estimated is NRs. 407.16 million at the current electricity sale price (Dry season =

NRs. 8.40; Wet season = 4.80 NRs for per unit). During dry season, the project will generate

20.78 GWh energy. The revenue of dry season is 174.55 Million Rupees. During wet season,

the project will generate 48.46 GWh energy and the revenue during wet season is 232.61

Million Rupees. The project will generate royalty as per the provision made in

Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074. According to policy, project will pay royalty

of 50% to GoN, 25 % to the concerned province (state) and 25 % to the concerned local level.

11.1.2 Other Project Benefits

Employment opportunity to 300 people during construction phase. Increase in economic

opportunity, enhancement in technical skill and know that how particularly in driving and other

technical works, vegetation management & greenery development in the project area and

generation of Royalty are the major positive impacts of the project.

In addition to the direct energy sale benefit, the project will provide a number of subsidiary

benefits to the Nepalese people. During construction and operation phase, the project has the

potential to:

Promote construction related industrial growth in and around the project areas during the

construction phase,


315

Promote other industrial growth in the project area and elsewhere in Nepal in the operation

phase,

Provide new job opportunities to the Nepalese people in the project during construction and

operation phase,

Enhance the working skills of the Nepalese in the big construction project like SKKHEP,

Provide opportunities for construction related training during construction phase,

Promote the subsidiary economic activities in the project area during construction phase,

Promote community development through improvements in social services and

infrastructures such as, development and up gradation of access roads, upgrading of health

and educational institutions, improvement of communication and transportation service

facilities, women development etc. in the Project Affected Areas and Project Region of

Influence during project construction, and

Support community development activities in the project district by contributing one

percent of revenue of the project annually.

The above benefits from the project are expected to enhance the national development

objectives of poverty alleviation, diversification of economic activities, and above all in

improving the social services and quality of life of the Nepalese nationals.

11.2 Project Costs

The construction cost of the project is NRs. 2,338.58 million including project financing,

inflation, interest, insurance. The cost for environmental mitigation of adverse impacts is NRs.

104,909,449 and beneficial impact improvement measures is NRs. 3,250,000 and total

environmental cost is NRs. 135,459,449 (Table 11.1). The project cost might increases due to

price increase in construction materials; labor costs; energy costs & other types of costs that

directly or indirectly influence the project construction & operation.

11.2.1 Resource Loss

Obviously, implementation of 12 MW SKKHEP will have some impacts on natural resource.





All these land for project will be acquired from KCA as per Rules and Act. A total of 500

individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250 seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha

(Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost during the construction period. Introduction of alien

species and day-to-day mass movement at project site will fragment the forestland and

ecosystem diversity. Ground vegetation clearance from the temporarily acquired land will be

envisaged during construction phase. During the site, clearance species with conservation

significance will be impacted. These species, Spergula arvensis (Lichen) and Sunakhari

(Orchid) will be lost. These species are under the conservation category of government of

Nepal.

Dewatering of about 5.65 km river stretch of Kabeli river will have severe impact on the aquatic

life along the river.


316

11.2.2 Environmental Mitigation. Monitoring and Environmental Enhancement Costs

The environmental mitigation, monitoring, audit and environmental enhancement program

costs is summarized in Table 11.1. For details of the costs breakdowns refer Chapter 7.

Table 11.1: Details of the Costs Breakdowns S. N Particulars Cost (NRs.)

At Enhancement cost (3) 3,250,000

B. Adverse Impact Mitigation Cost

B1 Physical and Chemical Environment

1 Construction Phase (6) 2,000,000

2 Operation Phase cost 1,000,000

Total Physical and Chemical Environment Mitigation Cost 3,000,000

B2 Biological Environment

3 Total ( Construction Phase Cost) for Adverse Impacts of Biological

Environment (6)

39,658,720

4 Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Biological

Environment

1,200,000

Total Biological Environment Mitigation Cost 40,858,720

B3 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

5 Total ( Construction Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for

Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment (1.5)

59,500,729

6 Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic

and Cultural Environment

1,550,000

Total Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Mitigation Cost 61,050,729

Bt Total Adverse Impact Mitigation Cost 104,909,449

Ct CSP Cost 17,600,000

D. Environmental Monitoring Cost

1 Baseline Monitoring 600,000

2 Compliance Monitoring Included in construction

management cost

3 Impact monitoring construction phase 5,000,000

4 Impact Monitoring Operation Phase 3,100,000

Dt Total Monitoring Cost (3) 8,700,000

Et Environmental Auditing Cost 1,000,000

Grand Total Environmental cost (At+Bt+Ct+Dt+Et+Ft) 135,459,449

Total project Cost (Without IDC) 2,338,580,000

Percent of Environmental Cost to total project cost including land cost

(%)

5.79

Land cost 70,281,225

Environmental cost excluding land cost 65,178,224

Percent of Environmental Cost to total project cost (%) 2.79

CSP as % of total project cost 0.75

Total Revenue from sale for 30 years NRs. 11,330,640,000

The total environmental cost of the project is estimated at NRs. 135,459,449.


317

CHAPTER: XII 12 CONCLUSIONS

SKKHEP with installed capacity of 12 MW will be constructed in Sirijangha RM of Taplejung

district. The SKKHEP, a run-of-river scheme, will have an annual energy generation of 69.24

GWh utilizing the design flow of 5.9 m3/s and a gross head of 259 m. The proponent is

committed to mitigate the project-induced impacts on the environment (physical & chemical,

biological, socio-economic and cultural aspects). In addition to the generation of the clean

energy (hydroelectricity), the project will have a number of the benefits such as employment

to the local people, development of the area, support to reduce greenhouse gases, and boost of

the local economy. The proponent intends to carry out number of activities such as construction

related trainings to the local people, counseling on proper use of the money, health and

sanitation and income generation activities to enhance the benefit.

The construction and operation of the project will have some adverse impacts on the physical,

biological, socio-economic, and cultural environments of the area. Among the physical impact,

change in land use of the area will be one of the major impacts. The physical location of the

project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to the general public and to the

government. The lands having the land ownership certificate of the general citizen have been

categorized as the private land, but such without any ownership certificate have been

categorized as government land. These lands need to be acquired from the owners for the

construction of various infrastructures.





Stock piling of the construction materials, operation of the quarry site, change in water quality,

impact due to change in land use, etc. are other major significant impacts of the project during

construction phase. Similarly, impact on microclimate in the dewatered section, changes in

river hydrology and river flow, noise and vibration in powerhouse area, changes in water

quality due to reduced flow, leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals are the major significant

impacts of the project during the operation phase.

There is no issue related to water right use within 5.65 km of dewatered stretch of the Kabeli

khola. Among the biological impacts: 2.33 ha land, which is managed by Forest management

sub-committee of KCA, will be impacted directly by the implementation of the project. Among

the KCA land required for the project, 2.13 ha will be for permanent and 0.2 ha will be for

temporary use. A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250

seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha /ha, 2444 saplings /ha will be cleared during the construction

period. Introduction of alien species and day-to-day mass movement at project site will

fragment the forestland and ecosystem diversity.

Lichens and Orhids along the project alignment and having conservation significance will be

cleared during the land clearance. Furthermore, many species of NTFPs and medicinal plants

will be cleared during the site clearance. Disturbance to the habitats of wildlife, disturbance to

the aquatic habitat etc. are very significance impacts during construction phase. Similarly,


318

dewatering will be a barrier that influences the fish migration as well as reduce aquatic habitat

along dewatered stretch. Impact on terrestrial wildlife and aquatic wildlife due to sudden

release of water from dam are the major significant impacts of the project during the operation

phase. Recession of the local economy could be another significant impact when not dealt

properly in operation phase.

The EIA report has suggested comprehensive compensatory and mitigation measures for the

project induces impacts. Minimization of permanent land as far as possible, least damage to

the existing environment, bioengineering on the exposed slopes, micro-watershed

management, aligning anchor blocks along the vulnerable slopes and topography, management

of top soils, management of solid waste and disposal debris in defined sites, etc are properly

proposed with required cost for the mitigation measure.

Some of the physical issues and impacts are proposed to be managed right from the design

phase of the project. Environmental release of 10% monthly average flow as recommended by

this EIA will be strictly followed. In addition, release mechanism from weir, release of fish

fingerlings, general fish pass structure at the headworks are proposed.

Compensatory plantation at 1:25 ratio of lost 500 trees (plantation of 12,500 seedlings of local

species), watershed management approach, capacity building of KCA, provision of forest fire

control and maintenance of the biodiversity of the area are proposed as mitigation measures for

the biological environment. In addition to the above, enhancement plantation of 3728 seedlings

will be done in 2.33 ha of that land, which will be compensated as land-to-land compensation

of government land.

Compensation to the lost land, compensation to temporary acquired/leased land, compensation

to the government land as leased amount, compensation to the lost standing crops, and

enhancing some social program to minimize the social impacts are also proposed. Employment

opportunities to local communities of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo are

proposed.

Any project induced issues that are not incorporated in EIA study, but will occur or be

identified at later stage will be mitigated by the project himself. A number of environmental

concerns will have to be reflected in the contract clauses. Hence, the provisions of this EIA

report will have to be included in the detailed design and the tender documents so that they will

be implemented. An EMU will be established within the project organization. The unit will be

responsible for the environmental monitoring as envisaged in this report. Apart from this unit,

inter-ministerial monitoring team having representatives from the MoFE, MoEWRI and DoED

will be formed to supervise and monitor the EMU activities.

Total environmental cost required for the project will be NRs 135,459,449 which is 5.79 % of

the total project cost (i.e. NRs. 2,338.58 million). The estimated annual energy sale of project

will be NRs. 407.16 Million. Cost breakdown of each environmental cost during the

construction and operation phase are presented in report.

The EIA report concludes that the proposed mitigation measures will be sufficient to address

the identified adverse impacts of project activities on different environmental components.

When the mitigation measures are duly undertaken, the implementation of the proposal will

not leave behind any adverse impact unaddressed and it will make the proposal implementable.


319

The proponent is committed to carry out the proposed mitigation measures and to adhere to the

monitoring plans as proposed.

The project shall follow and implement all the mitigation measures as identified in EIA study.

All of the identified and perceived impacts can be mitigated and minimized to acceptable level.

The prescribed cost effective and practical mitigation measures need to be accomplished. The

environmental enhancement measures proposed for implementation by the project targeting

the affected communities will help upgrade the quality of life of the affected communities. In

view of the above considerations, it is recommended that the project can be given development

licensing in conditions that the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures will be

implemented as per the Environmental Management Plan prescribed in this EIA report.


320

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Baral, H.S., Shah, K. B., 2008. Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himali Prakriti, Lazimpat,

Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd., 2018. Feasibility Study Report of Super Kabeli Khola

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Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd, 2018. Scoping Document & Terms of Reference of

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Conservation, Nepal.

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321

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TransHimalayan Region of Asia. Mrs. Bimala Shrestha Publication, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Delhi, India.

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ANNEX


Annex I

Legal Documents of the project

License and EIA permission Letters Annex 1


Annex II

Topographic Map of the Project


Annex III

Project Construction Schedule


Project Construction Schedule

I

D Task Name

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

0

1

1

1

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

0

1

1

1

2 1 2 3 4 5

1 Detailed engineering

2 Preparation of tender documents

3 Award of Civil Contract

4 Access Infrastructure

5 Powerhouse

6 Power Channel

7 Weir, Intake and Gravel trap, Settling

Basin

8 Headrace Tunnel

9 Desander

10 Surge Shaft

11 Penstock Pipe

12 Tailrace

13 Hydro Mechanical

14 Electro-mechanical Equipment

15 Transmission Line

16 Commissioning


Annex IVMinutes of Group Discussion and Community Meeting


Annex V

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Annex VIList of People attending Public Hearing


Annex VIISummary of Public Hearing

EIA Report Super Kabeli Hydroelectric Project, 12MW

Summary of Public Hearing of Super Kabeli Hydropower Project (12 MW)

1. Background

Public hearing program about the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed Super

Kabeli Hydropower Project (12 M.W.) of Hilton Hydro Energy was conducted on 5th Asoj 2076

in Ymphudin, ward office of ward 8 of Sirijungha Rural Municipality on the process of

Environment Impact Assessment. Various comments and suggestion were noted from that

program.

The Public Hearing ceremony was conducted under the presidency of Mr. Om Prakash Limbu who

is resident of Sirijungha Rural Municipality. Others members of public hearing were,

Naya Nath Tiwari, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 7

Sukha Raj Limbu, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6

Tasi Lama, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8

Om Prakash Limbu, Representative, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8

Mohan Bikram Karki, Proponent, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6

2. Objectives

a. To inform local and related stakeholders about the progress of project

b. To present the findings of the EIA study.

c. To collect the concerns and views of the people of the project area.

3. Methodology

The program started with a welcome program from the local people and project affected area.

Local people and representative of affected wads has welcomed the entire team of the project.

From the side of the project summary of the study had been distributed to all the members present

in the Public Hearing Gathering. The public hearing program was initiated by a welcome speech

to welcoming all the participants of project affected area and also explained about the location of

the key project component and elaborated on the expected Environmental social issues of the

project.

The project issues and concerns and welcomes all to come forward and give their opinion such that

the project could be developed in an environmental trust and cooperation between project and local

stakeholders by the consultant.

The program was focused to hear and collect the comments and suggestion from the local people

and stakeholders. Following people were deliberated their opinion as representative. They also

provided the written concerns. In ward consultant team had asked to come with the common agenda

and suggestions regarding to the project. The section below highlights the presentations of the

stakeholders. The program was host by Mr. Bishow Raj Kadariya.

4. Major issue raised

i. Naya Nath Tiwari, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 7

Implementation of the project as soon as possible. It is very long time that project is

just studying, gathering people and conducting meeting only.

Support to community infrastructure.

Proper compensation of public property and trees.

Mitigation measure mentioned in EIA report should be implemented.


Support in preservation of culture, traditions of local community

ii. Sukha Raj Limbu, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6

Project should be implemented by minimizing the impact in the environment.

Project Management Plan mentioned in EIA report should be strictly followed.

Each and every project affected Families should get free electricity.

Proper compensation should be provided to the project affected land and house.

Share should be provided to the local people compulsory.

iii. Tasi Lama, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8

From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar,

Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project Area, Project should construct black top Road.

Control the soil erosion and stabilization of vulnerable slopes that could arise due to project.

Strictly follow and implement the EMP mentioned on EIA Report.

Employment opportunities for local people.

iv. Om Prakash Limbu, Representative, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8

Priority for local employment and utilization of local resources

Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7

Construction of project shall be start as soon as possible without any dely.

Project should be support in the health, education, drinking water sector.

Awareness program should be conducted for the development of the community.

v. Rameshwor Meheta , Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8

Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7 to teach technical subject like Science.

Awareness program related to Environment Impact due to project implementation

Mitigate negative impacts on environment due to project construction.

Implementation of the project with less disturbance to the wildlife’s.

Prohibition of the illegal hunting and poaching and illegal cutting of the trees.

With permission of the Chairperson, the meeting was closed.


Table: Suggestions and issues of locals during public hearing

S.N Name Issues

1 Pabitra Adhikari Share must be provided to the local people.

2 Indra Kumar Rai 25% of water should be provided to the local people and should conserve the

biodiversity.

Project should provide the facilities like :- education, health, communication,

electricity as well as safety to the local people.

Project should be implemented after detail geographical study of the project area.

3 Bishal Rai Project should provide road facilities in project area.

4 Budhimaya Bedha Starting of Construction time

Availability of share

5 Bishal Limbu Employment opportunity to the youth of the project area

Electricity distribution

6 Sarswota Limbu Project should provide facility of education and employment as well as facility of

Electricity must be provided in each and every house of project area.

7 Padam Limbu Facility of electricity must be provided.

Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.

Proper compensation must be given for project affected land.

Wild life and forest area must be conserved during the project implementation

time.

8 Om Pakash Limbu Facilities of education and electricity must be provided and employment

Opportunity must be given by the project.

9 Sarjit Rai Project should conduct skillful training for women of the project area.

10 Bikaran Rai Project should provide facilities of education, health, employment opportunity

and also reduce the effect on religious site during the operational phase.

11 Anupa Sherpa Skillful training must be held by the project and project must be implemented as

soon as possible.

12 Khadka Bahadur Gurung Project should provide financial support for the physical infrastructure like :-

Health, education, transportation, etc.

Project should provide employment opportunity, facility of electricity and share

should be provided to the local people.

13 Khadka Bahadur Rai Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.

14 Khadka Bahadur Gurung Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.

15 Kabita Limbu Employment to locals

16 Sita Devi Gurung Project should give more priority to the social development sector like :-

education, health, etc.

17 Rameshowr Meheta Facility of giving scholarship for the student by the project

18 Abirman Rai Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.

19 Sushma Rai Guarantee that local people of the project area will get employment opportunity

Skillful training for the local people

20 Dipa Rai Management of giving compensation for the community forest

Share to locals

21 Sabindra Rai Duration of time to start and end the project


Annex VIII Public Notice


Annex IXRecommendation Letters


Annex XLand Requirement for the Project and Associated cost


Table 1: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHEP

S

N

Project Component Land Type (ha) Total Area

(ha) Forest Cultivated Barren Flood

Plain

KCA Pvt Gov* Pvt Gov Pvt

(Alaichii

Bari)

Gov*

Permanent Land Requirement

1 Headworks

Diversion Structure 0.2 0.2

Gravel Trap 0.08 0.08

Approach Canal 0.15 0.15 0.3

Desander & Headpond 0.3 0.3

2 Water Conveyance 0

Headrace Pipe 0.5 2 3.5 6

Penstock Pipe 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8

Surge shaft 0.1 0.1

3 Powerhouse and Tailrace 0.9 0.1 1

4 Access Road 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.2

5 Switchyard 0.1 0.1

6 Camp site 0.1 0.1

7 Stockpile site 0.1 0.1

Sub-Total 1.83 0 3.85 0 4.3 0.3 10.28

Temporary Land Requirement

8 Quarry Site 0.2 0.2

2 Disposal Site 0.05 0.05

3 Construction yard, batching and

crushing plant

0.1 0.1

Sub Total 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.2 0.35

Grand Total 1.83 0 0 3.85 0 4.45 0.5 10.63


Table 2: Land acquisition cost of private land

SN Land description Permanently land required (ha) Unit rate/ha Total land value

1 Khet 1.1 8,500,000 9,350,000

2 Bari 7.05 6,500,000 45,825,000

3 Pakho 0

Total 8.15 5,517,5000

Table 3: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary)

SN Land

description

Temporary land

required (ha)

Unit rate/ha Total land value

1 Khet

2 Bari 0.15 650,000 97,500

3 Pakho 0

Total 0.15 97,500

Table 4: Land Leasement cost for Government Land

S

N

Land description Total land requirement

(ha)

Total land

value

Remarks

1 Land leasement for 35

years 2.130 260925 includes incremental

cost

2 Land leasement for 4 years 0.200 2800

Total 2.330 263,725

Table 5: Land Purchase Cost Replacement of Forest Area Used

S

N

Land

description

Total land requirement

(ha)

Unit

rate/ha

Total land

value

Remarks

1 Permanent 2.130 6,500,000 13,845,000 only for permanent

land

2 Temporary

0.200 4,500,000 900,000

Total 2.330 14,745,000

Table 6: Total cost for land

SN Land description Total land value

1 Land acquisition cost of the Private Land (Permanently) 55,175,000

2 Land Leasement cost of the Private Land (Temporary use) 97,500

3 Land Leasement cost for Government Land 263,725

4 Land Purchase Cost Replacement of Forest Area Used 14,745,000

Total 70,281,225


Annex XILoss of private land and List of PAF


Loss of land of PAF

S.

N

Rural

Municipality

Ward

No.

Settelment Land Holders

Name

Kitta

number

Total

(ha)

Construction area Land owned

(ha)

% of land

loss

1 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Ram kumari Rai

111 0.252 Water Conveyence, disposal area

0.65 38.80

2 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Mina kumari

Rai

124 0.350 Water Conveyence, Access

road

0.87 40.23

3 Sirijunga 7 DADA Jit bahadur Limbu

4 0.276 Water Conveyence 0.87 31.76

4 Sirijunga 7 Yamfudin Jabbar Bahadur

Rai

6 0.230 Intake 0.65 35.38

5 Sirijunga 7 Yamfudin Ram Rai 7 0.220 Intake 0.77 28.57

6 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Tarchadeep

Gurung


road

0.97 42.34

7 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Om prakash

Gurung


road

0.48 34.41

8 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Prithivi Bhadur

Gurung


road

0.82 31.73

9 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Khadka

Bahadur Gurung


road

0.36 31.39

10 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Garga Man

Gurung


11 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin karna B.

Gurung

0.200 Water Conveyence 0.47 42.55

12 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Sita gurung 93 0.005 Water Conveyence 0.12 3.98

13 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Duryodhan Gurung

98 0.423 Water Conveyence, construction yard

0.98 43.15

14 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Balbir Gurung 141 0.422 Power house, switchyard 0.976 43.25

15 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Ram Gurung 0.570 Power house 1.28 44.53

16 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Mina kumari

Thulung


17 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Man Bir Rai 107 0.450 Water Conveyence, stockpiling

0.977 46.07


S.

N

Rural

Municipality

Ward

No.

Settelment Land Holders

Name

Kitta

number

Total

(ha)

Construction area Land owned

(ha)

% of land

loss

18 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Surya kumar Rai

102 0.211 Intake, Powerhouse 0.78 27.03

19 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Tika ram

Limbu

0.105 Powerhouse area 0.68 15.43

20 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Loden Bhote 0.550 Water Conveyence 1.25 44.00

21 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Lakpa Doma 0.480 Water Conveyence 1.02 47.06

22 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Krishna Bhote 47 0.500 Water Conveyence 1.12 44.64

23 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Sonam Bhote 0.310 Water Conveyence 0.78 39.74

24 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Kumar Limbu 0.320 Water Conveyence 0.67 47.76

25 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Shyamu Limbu 0.550 0.82 67.07

Total 8.300


Annex XIILoss of Standing crops from Private land


Table 1: Loss of Agricultural Production from Permanently and Temporarily Acquired

Land

S

N

Cereal

Crops

Total Area

(ha)

Yield

Mt/ha

Production

(Mt)

Local Market Value

(NRs)/MT

Amount

(NRs)

1 Paddy 1.25 1.75 2.19 30,000 65,625

2 Wheat 1.26 1.85 2.33 25,350 59,091

3 Maize 2.25 1.9 4.28 23,000 98,325

4 Millet 1.33 1.13 1.50 11,000 16,532

5 Barley 0.38 1.56 0.59 12,000 7,114

6 Beans 1.56 0.95 1.48 15,000 22,230

7 Potato 0.27 13.15 3.55 26,000 92,313

Total 8.3 15.92 361,229

Table 2: Loss of standing Cash Crops Production from acquired land

S

N

Cash

Crops

Estimated Cropped

Area (Ha)

Annual

Production

Total

Production

Local Market

Value (NRs)

Amount

(NRs)

Rema

rks

1 Bamboo LS 220 Pole 100 22,000

2 Vegetable LS 1600 kg estimated 160,000

3 Cardamon LS 2.5 MT 550,000 1,375,000

4 Nigalo LS 1500 pole 25/pole 37,500

Total 1,594,500

Table 3: Estimated Cost of Lost of Fodder Production

SN Fodder Type Total Production (Bhari) Rate/Bhari (NRs) Total Cost (NRs)

1 Grass 2200 50 110,000

2 Tree Fodder 1250 50 62,500

Total 3450 100 172,500

Table 4: Total Loss of Standing Crops, Cash Crops and Fodder Due to Project Land

Acquisition

SN Description Total Cost (NRs) Remarks

1 Cereal Crops 361,229

2 Cash Crops 1594500

3 Loss of Fodder 172,500

Total 2,128,229


Annex XIIIForest Tree Loss Information


Table: Tree loss from KCA

S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree

1 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 46.00 0.46 6.00 0.36 1.38 tree

2 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.00 0.45 10.00 0.35 2.25 tree

3 Access Road Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 42.67 0.43 11.00 0.33 2.35 tree

4 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 41.67 0.42 12.00 0.33 2.50 tree

5 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 43.50 0.44 6.00 0.34 1.31 tree











16 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 36.40 0.36 3.00 0.29 0.55 pole


18 Access Road Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 34.00 0.34 10.00 0.27 1.70 tree






24 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 35.20 0.35 4.00 0.28 0.70 tree









31 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35 0.35 6.00 0.27 1.05 tree

32 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 30 0.30 5.00 0.24 0.75 tree

33 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 40 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 pole

34 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.5 0.43 4.00 0.33 0.85 pole

35 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 29.00 0.29 4.00 0.23 0.58 pole

36 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole

37 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 18 0.18 5.00 0.14 0.45 pole


39 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 26 0.26 3.00 0.20 0.39 pole

40 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 22 0.22 3.00 0.17 0.33 pole

41 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 20.00 0.20 4.00 0.16 0.40 pole

42 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 20.00 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole

43 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 20.00 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole


45 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 18.5 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole

46 Access Road Latto Kath swidaob longaa 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole

47 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 15.6 0.16 2.00 0.12 0.16 pole

48 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 19 0.19 1.50 0.15 0.14 pole


50 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole

51 Access Road Aaru prunus persica 12.00 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole


53 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 49.00 0.49 7.00 0.38 1.72 tree



54 Intake katus Castanopsis tribuloides 49.00 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.96 tree

55 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.62 0.49 10.00 0.38 2.43 tree





60 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 48.50 0.49 12.00 0.38 2.91 tree


62 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 48.00 0.48 9.00 0.38 2.16 tree

63 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 48.00 0.48 4.00 0.38 0.96 tree






69 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 46.67 0.47 11.00 0.37 2.57 tree

70 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 46.67 0.47 15.00 0.37 3.50 tree


72 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 46.00 0.46 9.00 0.36 2.07 tree








80 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 45.00 0.45 8.00 0.35 1.80 tree






84 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 45.00 0.45 7.00 0.35 1.58 tree



















103 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 42.50 0.43 10.00 0.33 2.13 tree


105 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 44.50 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.11 tree

106 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 42.00 0.42 4.00 0.33 0.84 tree










114 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 41.00 0.41 8.00 0.32 1.64 tree







121 Intake katus Castranopsis tribuloides 40.50 0.41 10.00 0.32 2.03 tree











132 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 40.00 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 pole











141 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 33.86 0.34 6.00 0.27 1.02 tree







































178 Intake Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 33.41 0.33 6.00 0.26 1.00 tree

179 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 39.40 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.79 tree




183 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 45.20 0.45 3.00 0.35 0.68 tree









190 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 35.83 0.36 13.00 0.28 2.33 tree









































229 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree










239 Intake Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 38.20 0.38 6.00 0.30 1.15 tree














251 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 33.00 0.33 5.00 0.26 0.83 tree













264 Intake Kafal Myrica esculenta 32.00 0.32 7.00 0.25 1.12 tree



























289 Intake Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 42.5 0.43 4.00 0.33 0.85 tree



292 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 40 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 tree

293 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 30 0.30 4.00 0.24 0.60 tree



296 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40 0.40 8.00 0.31 1.60 tree




298 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 35 0.35 5.00 0.27 0.88 tree




302 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 45 0.45 6.00 0.35 1.35 tree

303 Intake mauwa Engelhardia spicata 45 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.13 tree

304 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 45 0.45 2.00 0.35 0.45 pole

305 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 29.50 0.30 2.00 0.23 0.30 pole

306 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 29.00 0.29 4.00 0.23 0.58 pole


308 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole


310 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 21 0.21 4.00 0.16 0.42 pole

311 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 19 0.19 3.00 0.15 0.29 pole

312 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 17 0.17 5.00 0.13 0.43 pole

313 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 19.5 0.20 2.00 0.15 0.20 pole

314 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 25 0.25 6.00 0.20 0.75 pole

315 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 29 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole



318 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole

319 Intake Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 27.5 0.28 5.00 0.22 0.69 pole

320 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 20.8 0.21 7.00 0.16 0.73 pole



323 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole








329 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole


331 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 24.00 0.24 4.00 0.19 0.48 pole

332 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 24.60 0.25 2.00 0.19 0.25 pole

333 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 25.40 0.25 2.00 0.20 0.25 pole


335 Intake Asare Lagerstroomia reginae 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole


337 Intake Khanyoo Ficus camia 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole



340 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 21.00 0.21 3.00 0.16 0.32 pole





345 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 20 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole








351 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 23 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole



354 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 18.5 0.19 1.00 0.15 0.09 pole

355 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 22 0.22 3.00 0.17 0.33 pole





360 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole


362 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 26 0.26 1.00 0.20 0.13 pole


364 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 16 0.16 5.00 0.13 0.40 pole

365 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 15.8 0.16 2.00 0.12 0.16 pole


367 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 15.00 0.15 2.00 0.12 0.15 pole






373 Intake Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua 13.00 0.13 3.00 0.10 0.20 pole

374 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 13.00 0.13 4.00 0.10 0.26 pole

375 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 12.00 0.12 4.00 0.09 0.24 pole

376 Intake Chutro Berberis aristata 12.00 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole







381 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 22 0.22 1.00 0.17 0.11 pole




385 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 22 0.22 6.00 0.17 0.66 tree




389 Intake Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 11.00 0.11 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole

390 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 47.00 0.47 12.00 0.37 2.82 tree



393 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 33.40 0.33 5.00 0.26 0.84 tree



396 Surge tank Malato macaranga pustulata 35.67 0.36 10.00 0.28 1.78 tree


398 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree

399 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole

400 Surge tank Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 23.00 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole

401 Surge tank Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 18.5 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole

402 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 49.00 0.49 7.00 0.38 1.72 tree

403 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.50 0.49 10.00 0.38 2.43 tree








409 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 44.00 0.44 4.00 0.35 0.88 tree



412 Penstock Pipe utis Alnus nepalensis 42.00 0.42 9.00 0.33 1.89 tree


414 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 41.00 0.41 6.00 0.32 1.23 tree

415 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 41.30 0.41 4.00 0.32 0.83 tree


417 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 40.00 0.40 12.00 0.31 2.40 tree

418 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 40.00 0.40 2.00 0.31 0.40 tree

419 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 36.70 0.37 8.00 0.29 1.47 tree







426 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 37.00 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree

427 Penstock Pipe Latto Kath swidaob longaa 37.00 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree



430 Penstock Pipe Putta Brassasopsis mitis 36.00 0.36 8.00 0.28 1.44 tree

431 Penstock Pipe Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 45.20 0.45 6.00 0.35 1.36 tree



432 Penstock Pipe Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 45.23 0.45 3.00 0.36 0.68 tree












444 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 33.00 0.33 3.00 0.26 0.50 tree











455 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 32.00 0.32 4.00 0.25 0.64 tree








461 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 45 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.13 tree


463 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 35 0.35 4.00 0.27 0.70 tree

464 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 45 0.45 3.00 0.35 0.68 tree



467 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 30.00 0.30 6.00 0.24 0.90 tree

468 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 29.00 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole

469 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 29.00 0.29 3.00 0.23 0.44 pole

470 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 0.20 2.00 0.16 0.20 pole

471 Penstock Pipe Latto Kath swidaob longaa 22.5 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.34 pole

472 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 23 0.23 6.00 0.18 0.69 pole

473 Penstock Pipe Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 19.5 0.20 5.00 0.15 0.49 pole

474 Penstock Pipe Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 21.00 0.21 1.00 0.16 0.11 pole

475 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 21.00 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole

476 Penstock Pipe Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 19.00 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole

477 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 25 0.25 2.00 0.20 0.25 pole

478 Penstock Pipe Paiyo Prunus corasoides 16 0.16 1.00 0.13 0.08 pole

479 Penstock Pipe Putta Brassasopsis mitis 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 tree

480 Penstock Pipe Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 12.00 0.12 2.00 0.09 0.12 pole

481 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 49.00 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.96 tree




485 Power house Chilaune Schima wallichii 43.60 0.44 7.00 0.34 1.53 tree




487 Power house Chutro Berbis aristata 39.00 0.39 5.00 0.31 0.98 tree

488 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 39.00 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.78 tree

489 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 37.64 0.38 5.00 0.30 0.94 tree


491 Power house chilaune Schima wallichii 47.20 0.47 4.00 0.37 0.94 tree








499 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 32.00 0.32 4.00 0.25 0.64 pole

500 Power house Chutro Berbis aristata 29.5 0.30 3.00 0.23 0.44 pole

Total 135.07 584.63


Annex XIVPower and Energy Balance and Environmental Balance Table

Table : Power and Energy Table Weir Crest Level 1703.00 masl

Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl Turbine efficiency 0.90

Gross head 259.00 m Generator efficiency 0.96

Design discharge Q45 5.90 m3/s Transformer efficiency 0.99

Plant Capacity 12.00 MW Combined efficiency 0.855

Outage+Losses+self-consumption % 4.00%

Months No. of

days

Discharge in

River (m3/s)

Minimum

D/S Release

(m3/s)

Available

Flow

(m3/s

Plant Flow for

energy

generation

(m3/s

Total

head loss

(m)

Net head

(m)

Power

Output

Gross

Energy

Generation

Outage

(4%)

Energy at

delivery

point

Dry

season

energy

Wet

season

energy

Total

energy

Mw GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh

Jan 31 1.96 0.196 1.764 1.764 3.35 255.65 3.78 2.82 0.11 2.70 2.70 2.70

Feb 28 1.62 0.162 1.458 1.458 3.15 255.85 3.13 2.10 0.08 2.02 2.02 2.02

Mar 31 1.59 0.159 1.431 1.431 2.64 256.36 3.08 2.29 0.09 2.20 2.20 2.20

April 30 2.35 0.235 2.115 2.115 3.15 255.85 4.54 3.27 0.13 3.14 3.14 3.14

May 31 5.18 0.518 4.662 4.662 9.62 249.38 9.76 7.26 0.29 6.97 6.97 6.97

June 30 13.76 1.376 12.384 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 8.71 0.35 8.36 8.36 8.36

July 31 27.20 2.72 24.480 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64

Aug 31 30.17 3.017 27.153 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64

Sep 30 21.51 2.151 19.359 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 8.71 0.35 8.36 8.36 8.36

Oct 31 9.94 0.994 8.946 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64

Nov 30 4.45 0.445 4.005 4.005 7.72 251.28 8.44 6.08 0.24 5.84 5.84 5.84

Dec 31 2.72 0.27 2.448 2.448 3.25 255.75 5.25 3.91 0.16 3.75 3.75 3.75

Total 365 20.78 48.46 69.24

Dry Energy (GWh) 20.78 From Dec 1st to May 31st

Wet Energy (GWh) 48.46 From June 1st to Nov 30th

Total Energy (GWh) 69.24


Annex XVA Copy of approved TOR


Annex XVIChecklist of EIA

Checklist for Physical Environment

A. Topography/Physiography

1. Study of Topographic maps/ other available maps and identify the groundtopographic characteristics of land covered by the proposed project

2. Verify the topographic characteristics of the land in the field3. Soil Type

B. Climate and Meteorology

1. Study of published data of regarding temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speedand direction, solar radiation

2. If possible classify the climatic zone and its verification3. Visit the meteorological office of the district and get latest information

C. Air Quality

1. Collect any data on air quality of the area from previous literature2. Investigate on the air polluting activities of the area (traffic, biomass burning,

industries, other anthropogenic activities

D. Erosion and land Stability

1. Identification of erosion prone area along the road alignment2. Investigate the erosion features and potentials of the local streams and gullies

E. Land Use

1. Investigate on the land use of the Project Blocks from the topo-maps, and otheravailable land use maps

2. Investigate the land use affected by the project structures and subsidiary facilities3. Investigate on the land use potentials of the area

I. Types of Permanent Land to be required for the Project

S.N. PROJECT COMPONENTS. LAND TYPE (In hectare)

Total area (In ha.)

Remarks

Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain

Built up/ Residential

Gvt. CF LHF Rel. Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_

Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt

1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Total Access Road Land Required for the access road is presented in separate table. Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards /Stockpiling

Sites/Project office

Batching Area Total Area

II. Types of Temporary Land to be required for the Project

S.N.

PROJECT COMPONENTS. LAND TYPE (In hectare)

Total area (In ha.)

Remarks



Gvt. CF LHF Rel.

Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_


1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Total Access Road Land Required for the access road is presented in separate table. Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards /Stockpiling

Sites/Project office


III. Types of Permanent Land to be required for the Road Project

S.N. PROJECT COMPONENTS LAND TYPE (In hectare)

Total area (In ha.)

Remarks




Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt.

1 Road Corridor: 2 Borrow Area* 3 Disposal Sites* 4 Storage Facilities* 5 Camp Site* Total Area

IV: Types of Temporary Land to be required for the Access Road Project

S.N. Project Components Land type (In hectare)

Total area (In ha.)

Remarks




Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public

Pvt.

1 Road Corridor: 2 Borrow Area: 3 Disposal Sites 4 Storage Facilities 5 Camp Site - Total Area 0

V. Total Land Requirement for the Project Components S.N.

Project Components. Land type (In hectare)

Total area (In ha.)

Remarks



Gvt. CF LHF Rel.

Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_


1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Access Road Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards

/Stockpiling Sites/Project office


Table for replenished discharge in the ……. river/khola from side streams

S.N Name of stream and Distance of the stream from Headworks (km)

Incoming Streams (perennial) Cumulative Discharge at Confluence of each side

stream (m3/s)

Remarks*

Downstream environmental release from headworks Left Bank Right Bank Min.

monthly avg. flow (m3/s)

Catchment area (km2)

Min. monthly avg. flow (m3/s)

Catchment area (km2)

Name of stream-1 (..km) Name of stream-2 (..km) ……….. Cumulative discharge from side stream Side off take for other water usages# purpose of off take Tailrace discharge + Cumulative discharge from side streams - side off take Note:

*–i) Catchment and hydrological characteristics of side streams. ii) State methodology of discharge estimation.

# – If there are more than one off takes, give them in separate rows

EXHIBIT SIDE STREAMS, WITH NAME, IN A COLOURED TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP.

1

1(A)-Loss of Land of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: # – Mention the category loss for each family * – Use separate row for each project component for the family as required

1(B)-Total Loss of Land of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: * – Use separate row for each project component

S.N. Owner's Name and Family size

Gaupalika/

Ward No.

Project Component*

Loss of Land in the project area (m2)

Total land loss

Value of lost land (Rs.)

Total Land owned

% of land loss

Remarks

Khet Bari Pakho/Parti/Ghar Bari#

Forest Others Ropani and ha.

Ropani and ha.

Name/family size

Total

S.N. Gaupalika Project Component*

Loss of Land in the project area (Ropani/ ha.)

Remarks

Khet Bari Pakho/Parti Ghar Bari Others Gaupalika 1 Gaupalika 2

Total Total land available in all Gaupalika % of lost land in all Gaupalika Value of Lost Land (Rs.)

2

2(A)-Loss of Cereal Crops Production of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: * Use separate row for each project component for the family as required# Give values as –Mt/%## Use additional columns as required for other cereal crops

2(B)-Loss of Cash Crops Production of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: * Use separate row for each project component for the family as required# Give values as –Mt/%## Use additional columns as required for other cereal crops

S.N.

Owner's Name and Family size

aupalika/ Ward No.

Project Component*

Loss of Cereal Crops due to land Acquisition

(Mt)

Total Cereal Crops Production of the family/Percentage of

loss (Mt)/%#

Remarks

Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Others## Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Others##

Name/family size

1. Total


Gaupalika// Ward No.

Project Component*

Loss of Cash Crops due to land Acquisition

(Mt)

Total Cash Crops Production of the

family/Percentage of loss (Mt)/%#

Remarks

Potato Vegetables Others## Potato Vegetables Others ##

Name/family size

1. Total

3

2(C)-Value of Total Loss of Agricultural Production Due to Land Acquisition

Crops Total Area (ha.)

Yield (Mt/ha.)

Production (Mt)

Local Market Value (Rs./Mt)

Amount (Rs.)

Remarks

Cereal Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet ………. ……….. Total–1 Cash Crops Potato Vegetables ………… ………… Total–2 Grand Total

3(A)-Loss of Houses and other properties of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: * Mention –Number of houses lost (houses owned) –i.e.2 lost(3 owned)

# Use separate row for each project component for the family as required

3(B)-Value of Lost of Houses and other properties of Project Affected Families and Households

Note: * Mention –Number of houses lost /Value of lost houses (Rs.)** Mention–Number of trees lost/Value of lost trees (Rs.).

# Use separate row for each project component for the family as required


Gaup

No.

Project Component#

Loss houses Loss of trees Remarks Res. House*

Cow shed*

Others Fruit (no.)

Fodder (no.)

Other (no.)

Name/family size

Total


Gaupalika/ Ward No.

Project Component#

Value of Lost houses Value of Lost of trees Remarks Res. House*

Cow shed*

Others Fruit (no.)**

Fodder (no.)**

Other (no.)**

Name/family size

Total

palika/Ward

Power and Energy Production

S. No.

Month Avg. Monthly discharge in the river

at intake (m3/s)

Total d/s Release including env. Flow and others(m3/s) #

Diversion for power

(m3/s)

Production

Power MW

Energy GWh

1 January

2 February

3 March

4 April

5 May

6 June

7 July

8 August

9 September

10 October

11 November

12 December

13 Ann. Avg.

Note: # - Total release includes - Environmental release, and requirement

for Irrigation, Water mills, and others.

Environmental Release and Water Balance

S. No.

Month Avg. Monthly discharge

in the river at intake (m3/s)

Downstream

Environmental

release (m3/s)

Additional d/s Release (m3/s)

Diversion for

power

Total Dischar

ge (m3/s)

Production

Power MW

Irrigation

Water

Mills

Others

1 January

2 February

3 March

4 April

5 May

6 June

7 July

8 August

9 September

10 October

11 November

12 December

13 Ann. Avg.

Check List for Biological Environment

A. Forest and Vegetation

1. Forest Classification by types (by association, Format I – A1)2. Forest Area (By Management Categorisation as per Forest Act and Forest

regulation): The areas shall be delineated according to following classificationa. Details of Forest by Management

i. Community Forest (Format I –A2)ii. Religious Forest (Format I – A3)

b. Private Forest (Format I – A4)

(Management status and forest management groups (if any) and importance of these forests shall be discussed. In case of community forest Estimation of the boundary of the community forest area from the field survey and available records, constituted member, purpose of usage of community forest on application etc Activity area, Item of forest products, Frequency of gathering forest products will also be discussed. The opinion of the key stakeholders of forest management will be gathered and presented.)

3. Wild Forest Vegetation Biodiversity observed: List of tree, shrub, herb, ,pteridophytes, brtophytes, lichens and fungi found within the influence area of theproject will be prepared. (Format I – A5)

4. Agro-vegetation Diversity Observed (Format A6)5. Ehnobotanical Use: The above vegetation species will also be tabulated according to

local ethno-botanical uses (such as timber, fodder, NTFP, ornamental, medicinal,food value etc.). (Forma I A7)

6. Conservation significance: The species found shall also be categorised accordingIUCN/ CITES APPENDIX. and Government of Nepal Protection category, as rare,endangered, endemic, vulnerable, etc. (Format I – A5 and A6)

7. Biomass and wood Stock: The vegetation lying within the directly affected area(areas required for construction and placement of spoils or other infrastructurefacilities), particularly tree species shall be inventoried for trees above 10 cm DBHfor biomass and wood stock as per Forest Regulation norms or any other internationalnorms (Format I – A8, A9 and A10)

8. Status of vegetation: In the affected areas, frequency of occurrence, importance valueindex, and density per ha shall be calculated. Besides vertical stratification of foresti.e upper story, middle story, lower story along with status of trees, pole, saplings,seedlings, shrubs, herbs, pteridophytes, brtophytes, lichens and fungi shall bedescribed. (Format I – A11, A12, A13)

Format I - A1 Forest Classification by Forest Act –Affected by the Project

Name of Forest Dominant tree

species Associated tree species

Associated shrub/herbs

Ecological Status

National Forest (by management types) G CF LF RF PF

Note: G = Government, CF = Community Forest, LF = Leasehold Fores, R = Religious Forest PF = Private forest (Document only those registered under Government)

Format I –A2, Community Forest

Forest Name Gaupalika

Ward No

Area (ha)

Total involved

HH

Total Beneficiary

Nos

Year established

Jana Jati HH

Main Forest products used

Format I –A3, Religious Forest

Forest Name Gaupalika Ward No

Area (ha)

Total involved HH

for protection

Religious purpose

Year established

Main Forest products used

Format I –A4, Private Forest

Forest Name Gaupalika Ward No Area (ha) Year established Name of Owner Main Forest products used

Format I – A5 Wild Vegetation Observed – Tree, Shrubs, Herbs, Pteridophytes, Bryophytes, Lichens and Fungi- Project Area

SN Botanical Name Local Name Observed site Vegetation

Type (T, S, H, P, B, F etc.)

Occurrence Status

Conservation Status

C S R GON IUCN CITES

Note: Vegetation Type, T= Tree, S= Shrub, H=Herb, P=Petridophyte, B =Brayophyte, F = Fungi

Format I – A6

Agro -vegetation Diversity Observed – Fodder, Fruits, cereals, legumes, vegetable and ornamental - Project Area

SN Botanical Name Local Name Observed Site Vegetation Type (F, FR, C, L, V, O

Occurrence Status

Conservation Status

C S R GON IUCN CITES

Note: F = Fodder, FR = Fruit, C = Cereal, L = Legume, V = Vegetatble, O = Ornamental

Format I – A7 Ethno-botanical Uses of the Vegetation – Project Affected Area

S.N Scientific Name Local name Use Type Used Parts Mode of Use Use value

Note : Use abbreviation for use Types: E – edible, M- medicine, F – fodder, FW – Firewood, T – Timber, I – implement , Fi – fiber, Fe – fence, P – poison, W – wine making etc.

Format I – A8 Tree Sps./diversity & Wood Volume Estimation (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 25m/25m - Project Area

Plot No: Location: Date:

Local Name Botanical Name

No of trees (25x25 m2

plot)

CBH (cm)

Height m

DBH (cm)

Basal Area (m2)

Volume m3

Total tree volume m3

Pole size trees

Total sapling

Total seedling

Note : Volume only for CBH 10cm and above, Others enumerate name and number under sapling and seedlings

Format I – A9 Shrub diversity (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 5m/5m - Project Area

Plot No: Location : Date:

Local Name Botanical Name No of trees (5x5 m2 plot) Remarks

Format I – A10 Herb diversity (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 1m/1m - Project Area

Plot No: Date:

Local Name Botanical Name No of trees (1x1 m2 plot) Remarks

Format I – A11 Status of Tree Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas

S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Density/ha Frequency % Abundance Relative

Density Relative Frequency

Relative Dominance

Importance Value Index

Format I – A12 Status of Shrub Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas


Density Relative

Frequency Relative

Dominance


Format I – A13 Status of Herb Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas


Density Relative Frequency

Relative Dominance


Checklists for Wildlife Format II – A1

Mammals of the Project Area

S N Common Names Scientific Names

Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory

Status/ season Observed Location

Reported location

Common

Sparse

Rare F B O A M/R/

V S

Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season

Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES

Format II – A2 Herpetofauna of the Project Area

S.N. Common Names Scientific Names Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory


Reported location

Common

Sparse Rare F B O A M/R/

V S



Format II – A3 Birds of the Project Area




Reported location

Common

Sparse

Rare F B O A M/R/

V S



Format II – A4 Butterflies of the Project Area




Reported location

Common

Sparse

Rare F B O A M/R/

V S

Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES

Attendance sheet for the Wildlife Focus Group Discussions

Name of Gaupalika Location: Date:

Name Male/Female Age Signature

of 5

1. Forest loss at different Project ComponentsS.N. PROJECT

COMPONENT*

TYPE OF FOREST (as per forest Act)

FOREST AREA

(ha.)

LOSS OF VEGETATION CROWN COVER

(%)

BASAL AREA

(%)

VEGETATION TYPE

Seedling per ha.

Saplings per ha.

No. of trees >10 cm DBH

1 Headworks Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private

2 Water Conveyance: Tunnel/Canal /penstock

Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private

3 Power House Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private

Access Road/ ROW


5 Substation/ Switchyard


6 Burrow Area/Aggregate Crushing Plant


of 5

2. Total loss in terms of plant speciesBOTANICAL NAME

LOCAL NAME

AVG. DBH/ RANGE*

(for >= 10 cm DBH)

LOSS OF VEGETATION** STANDING WOOD VOLUME

BIOMASS FOR STANDING

TREE (kG.)

(Wet) (Dry)

BIOMASS USAGES***

LOSS OF REGENERATION

LOSS OF TREE (number)

Seedlings per ha.

Saplings per ha.

Pole class

Tree class

Timber (cft.)

Fuel wood (chatta)

1. 2. … Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum

Note: * Avg. DBH and Range of DBH to be given for Pole and Tree Class** Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH; Pole Class_10-30 cm DBH; Tree Class_>30 cm DBH *** Possible usages are – fire wood, fodder, etc.

3. Total Forest LossTYPE OF FOREST

AREA

(ha.)

LOSS OF VEGETATION CROWN COVER

(%)

STANDING WOOD VOLUME

Timber Fuel wood ( cft.) (chatta)

BIOMASS FOR STANDING TREE AND GROUND

VEGETATION (kG.)

(Wet) (Dry)

BIOMASS USAGES

*

LOSS OF REGENERATION

LOSS OF TREE

(number)

7 Batching Plant/Aggregate Crushing Plant


of 5

Seedlings per ha.

Saplings per ha.

Pole class

Tree class

1. Govt.2.Community 8.87 3. Religious4. Leasehold5. Private.Total Note:

- Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH; Pole Class_10-30 cm DBH; Tree Class_>30 cm DBH-* Possible usages are – fire wood, fodder, etc.

4. Loss of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP)COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES (NTFP)

Government Managed

Seedlings Saplings per ha. per ha. (no./ha.) (no./ha.)

Community Managed


Religious


Leasehold


1. 2. ... Note:

- Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH;- Use Govt. approved methodologies, if available. If not, other methodologies can be used.

of 5

5. Land Requirement LAND TYPE LAND REQUIREEMNT (ha.)

Temporary Permanent Total

PROJECT COMPONENT

1 Agricultural. 2. National forest 3. Community forest 4. Leasehold forest 5. Religious forest 6. Private forest

Total Sum Sum Sum [TL Row, Water Conveyance (specify the conveyance system) , Power House, Settling Basin, Campsite, Spoil deposit, Road, Reservoir, etc.]

Note: - Despite this table is developed for accounting loss of forest area, please do fill up the land requirement for "Agriculture Land" and "Private Forest"

6. Valuation of Forest Product Loss 6.1. Valuation in terms of plant species BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL

NAME VLAUE OF TIMBER LOSS

Pole Class Tree Class

Nrs.

VLAUE OF FUEL WOOD

LOSS Nrs.

VLAUE OF FODDER

LOSS

Nrs

TOTAL

1. Sum 2. Sum … Sum Total Sum Sum Sum Sum SUM Note: Values shall be calculated at prevailing market rate.

of 5

6.2 Total annual income foregone from the loss of Non -Timber Forest Product (NTFP) COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES (other than trees) NTFP

Government Managed (NRs.)

Community Managed

(NRs.)

Religious

(NRs.)

Leasehold

(NRs.)

Total of all types of forests

(NRs.)

NPV* of income foregone (NRs.)

1. 2. ...

Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum * NPV should be based on 35 years of economic life at prevailing Nepal Rastra Bank's discount rate. Analysis should be based on the existing annual income from the products.

6.3 Value of Total Forest Loss TYPE OF FOREST NPV OF INCOME

FOREGONE FROM NTFP*

VLAUE OF TIMBER LOSS**

VLAUE OF FUEL WOOD LOSS**

Nrs.

VLAUE OF FODDER LOSS**

Nrs Pole Class Nrs.

Tree Class Nrs

1. Govt. 2.Community 3. Religious 4. Leasehold 5. Private.

Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Note:

*- Value form table-6.2 **- Value form table-6.1.

Checklist for Socio-economic Environment

A.Consultative Meeting in affected Gaupalikas

Focus Group Discussion, Rapid Rural Appraisal or Participatory Rural Appraisal method shall be applied to gather the community concern regarding the development of the Project

Process: 1. The Study team will present the development of the project focussing on:

a. Location of the project to the communities

b. Explain the subsidiary facilities required for the construction of the road

c. Explain how the local people will be affected during construction and in operationperiod

§ Land and property acquisition of permanent project occupied areas§ Obstruction of irrigation canals, foot trails, suspension bridge etc.

during construction§ Construction related risks§ Vehicular movement and related risks§ Job and employment opportunities§ Influx of outside people and social and cultural risks§ Improvement of access and related benefits to education, health, and

economy.

2. Discussions on the proposal with the locals – Question and Answer

3. Seek following information from the locals

About Project: a. Willingness to cooperate in the land acquisition process and willingness to give

land and property for the for projectb. Willingness to give land on compensation for permanent area occupiedc. Envisaged mode of compensation for the land and property

§ Cash compensation§ Land to land§ Some other methods (if any)

d. Approximate current value of land in the Gaupalika in the project sitese. Availability of labour for construction from the Gaupalika approximate number

of labour force available for such worksf. What type of arrangement needed for obstructed infrastructures during

constructiong. Willingness to give land for temporary useh. Mode of compensation to the temporarily occupied land and conditions

About People i. Demographic Feature of the project area along with male and female population

j. The major ethnic groups in the close proximity of the project sites and theirdemography along with male and female population

k. Relationship between the ethnic groupsl. Any cultural difference between the ethnic groupsm. Economic status of people ( In general, by ethnicity)n. Major Health problems of the area (Frequently observed disease, among child,

old, young, women )o. Education status of people ( In general, by ethnicity)p. Health status of people (In general and by ethnicity)q. Occupational status of people ( in general, by ethnicity)r. Any in migration and out migration in the last five years and reasons for

migration

About Agriculture s. What is the current season wise intercropping practice in the areat. What is the production per unit of the land for each cropsu. What are the fertilisers used currently by the farmers and what is the approximate

quantity of use in a year by an average farmer householdv. Do you use pesticide? Name the types of pesticide used and quantity used by a

farmer household.w. Food security and food sufficiency (is the local production sufficient to feed area

people, if not sufficient the mode of coping)x. What potential exists for vegetable and horticulture or other agro-based economic

opportunity

About Community User group:

y. Community Forest within project affected area§ Name§ Area Gaupalikas wards

§ No of Male Households§ No of User Households Gaupallika wise break

§ No of Female Households § Year of establishment:

z. Community Forest outside Project area (details same as above)

aa. Any other community User groups (Details same as community forests

About Infrastructures bb. Any infrastructure (foot trail, suspension bridge, existing water supply line,

water springs, irrigation they think will be affected by the project

About culture and historical places

cc. Name the temples in the Gaupalika and what is their religious significancedd. Is any of the temple lies close to the project sitesee. What are key festivals of the Gaupalika people and the observation day of festival

(how many people visit the site) ff. Is there a site of historical and touristic significance in the area

About development

gg. Name the primary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers number hh. Name the Middle schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers number ii. Name the Secondary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers numberjj. Name the higher secondary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers numberkk. Name the health posts in the Gaupalika – number of health workersll. Telephone numbers in the Gaupalikamm. Name the post office in the Gaupalikann. Name the industries in the Gaupalika – number of workersoo. Water supply system and coverage ( mode of water fetching for household use)pp. Energy Use and types of energy use

§ for cooking (average consumption per household)§ for lighting (average consumption per household)

Tourism ? Market Development Opportunities:

qq. Tourism development opportunities (reasons)

rr. Market development Opportunities (reasons)

Market Price:

Rice/kg (produce of) Wheat/kg (produce of) Maize/kg (produce of) Barly/kg (produce of) Buck wheat/kg (produce of) Other grains/kg (produce of)

Meat mutton /kg Chicken.kg Pork/kg Fish/kg

Milk/lt Sugar/kg Tea/Cup Others

About Development Needs ss. What are the first five development needs of the Gaupalika tt. What is expected by the people from the project (at the minimum)

About Gender

uu. Educational status of women compared to man counterpart and reason vv. Social status of women

§ in household decision making§ in household works§ in land and property§ livestock§ in social organisation

ww. How the status of women could be upgraded

Attendance sheet for the Focus Group Discussions

Name of Gaupalika : Location: Date:

SN Name Male/Female Age Signature


Annex XVIIDeclaration Form

1. Position Title and No: EIA Expert (Nepali)

2. Name of Firm: Nepal Environment and Development Consultant P.Ltd.

3. Name of expert: Narayan Prasad Khanal

4. Date of Birth: 30/01/1981

5. Citizenship Nepali

6. Education:

Names of Educational Institutions Date Degree (s) / Diploma(s) Obtained

Tribhuvan University, Nepal. 2005 M.Sc. Environmental Science

Tribhuvan University, Nepal. 2003 B.Sc. Environmental Science

7. Membership in Professional Associations:

Member, Nepal Environmentalist Association

Member, Global Mountain Forum, ICIMOD

Member, Environmental Graduates of Himalayas (EGH)

8. Other Trainings:

Intensive Training on GIS and Remote Sensing Application training conducted by School of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (SchEMS) and Central Depart of Geography, Tribhuvan University Nepal,2006.

Intensive Trainings on EIA, IEE, TOR, and Scoping of different Projects.

9. Countries of Work Experience:

Nepal

10. Languages:

Language Speaking Reading Writing

Nepali Mother Tongue

English Good Good Good

Hindi Fair Fair Fair

11. Employment Record:

From: 2015 to 2017 Employer: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Positions held: Team Leader From: 2014 to 2015 Employer: Material Test Pvt. Ltd. Positions held: Team Leader/Environmentalist From: 2013 to 2015 Employer: Huwaning Development Pvt. Ltd. Positions held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist From: 2011 to 2013 Employer: Myagdi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd Positions held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist From: 2007 to 2011 Employer: District Development Committee Office, Pokhara Positions held: Environmentalist (Team Member)

12. Detailed Tasks Assigned:

13. Work Undertaken that best illustrates capability to handle the tasks assigned:

Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:

Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.

Name of Assignment or Project: Arun-3 HPP-Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan of 400 kV DC Transmission Line Project Year: March 2017 to till date Position Held: Team Leader Client: SJVN Arun-3 Hydropower Development Company Main Project Features: 210 km 400 kV Transmission Line Location: Sankhuwasabha,Bhojpur, Khotang, Udayapur, Siraha, Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal Activities performed: Responsible for Carry out detailed survey of rerouted part of the Transmission Line, Field reconnaissance survey, Cadastral map verification and Preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan for 210 km of Transmission Line and preparation of Report.

Name of Assignment or Project: SASEC Power System Expansion Project Year: Feb 2017 to till date Position Held: Environmental Safeguard Specialist Client: Nepal Electricity Authority Main Project Features: Approx. 300km 220 kV Transmission Line and associated 220/132 kV Substations. Location: Different locations of Nepal Activities performed: Responsible for Carry out review of secondary information on environmental and economic status of the population and communities that are likely to be affected by the project and may require resettlement and rehabilitation. Involved in frequent site visits for Environmental public consultation. Identify methods of field investigations, field checklists, structured and semi structured questionnaires etc. for environmental monitoring. Review Environmental Action Plans and Framework, policy, screening and planning procedure. Verify requirements of ADB’s Environmental policy. Prepare the guideline, Monthly, quarterly, Semiannual Progress reports with social and environmental issues and suggest for suitable solutions.

Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of 33 kV D/C Transmission Line for Construction Power for Arun 3 Hydropower Project 900 MW Year: January 2017 to August 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: (Nepal – India Boarder) Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd. Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed:

Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on Cadastral Map of 50 km Transmission Line and preparation of report and presentation, approval.

Project: Supplementary Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) of Singati Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.4 MW to 16 MW and to 25 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: January 2013 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Location: Dolakha Client: Singati Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd



Description of duties:

Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoPE Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.

Project: IEE Study of 10 km 132 kV Solu Khola Dudhkoshi hydroelectric Project (86 MW) , Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW. Year: January 2015 to March 2017 Position Held: Team Leader /Environmentalist Location: Solukhumbu district Client: Sahas Urja Limited Main project feature: Transmission Line Project

Activities performed::

Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from Ministry of Energy.

Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination (IEE) of Bharatpokhari Drinking Water Supply Project Year: January 2017 to October 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Client: Richet : Department of Water Supply and Swerage, GON Location: Kaski Main project features: Drinking Water Supply Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report and approval from Ministry.

Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination (IEE) of Richet Khola Hydroelectric Project (4.98 MW), IEE study of 24 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project for Richet Khola Hydropower Project and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal Year: January 2015 to August 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Client: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Location: Gorkha Main project features: 4.98 MW of Hydroelectric Project and Transmission Line Project for Power Evacuation. Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report and approval from Ministry of Energy. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of proposed 400 kV D/C Cross boarder Transmission Line project for Arun-3 Project Year: August 2011 to August 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: (Nepal – India Boarder) Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd. Min project features: 400 kV Transmission Line Activities performed: Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of DC cross border TL project



Sankhuwasabha – Dhalkebar - Bathanaha (India, Nepal Border).

Project: EIA Study of 52 MW Upper Lapche Khola Hydropower Project, EIA study of 36 km 132 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. Year: March 2013 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Dolakha Client: Energy Venture Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 52 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

Project: IEE Study of 132 kV Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) , IEE Study of 66 kV Transmission Line Project of Bagmati Hydropower Project, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW. Year: January 2014 to March 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Sindhupalchowk, Makwanpur Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd, Mandu Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Shivashree Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Main project feature: Transmission Line Project of different Voltage


Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

Project: EIA Study of 97.5 MW and Supplementary EIA Study of Rasuwa Bhotekoshi Hydropower Project,(97.5 to 120 MW ) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. IEE Study 3.5 km 220 kV Transmission Line Project of Rasuwa Bhotekoshi Hydropower Project 120 MW. Year: March 2015 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Rasuwa Client: Langtang Bhotekoshi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 120 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal



Project: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.6 MW) Year: January 2014 to July 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Client: Citizen Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. Main project features: 6.6 MW Hydropower Activities performed: Responsible for preparation of scoping and Terms of Reference along with EIA Study of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project.

Project: IEE Study of Upper Piluwa 2 Hydropower Project 4.72 MW, and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. Year: January 2014 to June 2016 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: Sankhuwasabha Client: Menchyam Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Activities performed:

Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, Preparation of report. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.

Project: Supplementary IEE of Naugarh Hydropower Project 8.5 MW and IEE Study of Upper Naugarh Gad Hydroelectric Project.(8 MW) Year: January 2015 to June 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: Darchula Client: Api Power Company Limited Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, Preparation of report.

Project: Supplementary EIA study of 10 MW to 13 MW Generation Project and EIA Study of 26 km 33 kV D/C Transmission Line Project. Year: February 2014 to April 2015 Position Held: Team leader / Environmentalist Client: Sikless Hydropower Pvt. Ltd Location: Kaski Main project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and EIA approval from MoSTE.

Project: EIA Study of Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: January 2013 to March 2016 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Sindhupalchowk Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 36 MW Hydropower


Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

Project: EIA study of Suri Khola Hydropower Project (7MW) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. EIA Study of 6.9 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of Government



Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: December 2013 to September 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Dolakha Client: Suri Khola Hydropower Company Main project feature: 7 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.


Project: EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project 10 MW, Supplementary EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project from 10 MW to 20 MW, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal Year: December 2013 to September 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Rasuwa Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt.Ltd. Main project feature: 20 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.


Project: EIA Study of Seti Lok Marga (Kailali - Sanfe Bagar 125 km road) Year: March 2013 to February 2014 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Kailali, Doti and Achham Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt. Ltd. Main project feature: 125 km Road Project Activities performed: Responsible for preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoSTE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing etc.

Project: EIA Study of Ghar Khola Hydroelectric Project (8.3 MW), Supplementary EIA study of Ghar Khola Hydropower Project from 8.3 MW to 14 MW, Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: February 2011 to June 2016 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Myagdi Client: Myagdi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd. Main project feature: 14 MW Hydropower


Responsible for preparation of Scoping and TOR document, Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment.

Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.

Project: Different Year 2005 to 2016 : Environmentalist and Team Leader for many more than 25 bridges, 12

ffiAssignmentsthatBestlllustratesCapabilitytoHandletheDetailed Task Assigned

on Consultant's Team of

Experts:

ffientalistiElpJlEEExpert,PreparationofScoping,ToR,lEE,ElA,EMP, etc, data collection, ttti'?i* ot p'orit ht1ll19:::l::*::f recommendation letter'

and finally getting approval from concerned government authorities'

Project: DifferentYear 2005 lo 2017

worked as Key Resource Person/Trainer to different proiect during construction period of

Roads, Hydropower uno ionrrirsion Line Project for'ooirr implementing officers and local

stakeholders/beneficiary gr0ups'

15. Certification:

l,theundersigned,certifytothebestof myknowledgeandbelief,thisCVcorrecf/ydescrlbes me,myqualifications,andmy

experience.I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged'

l, the undersigned, hereby declare that l agree to participate with the NED. P.Ltd. in the above mentioned request for

i.p.tril tuther declare that I am able and willing to work: -

1. For the period (s) foreseen in the specifiJTerms of neference attached to the above referenced Request for

Proposal for the position for which my cV has been included in the offer of the consultant and

2, Wtnin tn. implementation period of the specific contract

Sionature of Key Professional Personnel:

Ptione Number: +977-9851 00601 3

rf this form has NOT been signed by the Key professionar personner, then in signing berow the authorized

ilpi.t.ri.tit. of the Consuliant is making the following declaration'

,,rn due consideration of my signing herewith b.b*] i'il-K;t piotes.ionrt personnet has NOT signed this cV

then I decrare that the tactl co'ntained therein are, to'tre oesiot my knowredoe and berief, a true and fair

statement AND THAT r confirm that r have .ppror.n.oin. ,rio x.v professlonar personner and obtained his

assurance that he *irr ,nuini.in ni, .r.il.oirity'fo, d;;;;;ment iitne contract is agreed within the proposal

validity period provided for in the RFP'"

Signature of Authorized Representative of the Consultant:

Day/ month/ Year:

1

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information

Name : Udisha Danekhu

Education : M. Sc. Environmental Science (Specialized in Mountain resource)

Father's Name : Mr. Purna Bahadur Danekhu

Address : Dekocha-4, Bhaktapur

Date of Birth : 1988-05-07

Contact No. : 977-01-6617462 Mobile No.: 977-9841790080

Email : [email protected]

Nationality : Nepali

Gender : Female

Marital Status: Single

Academic Background

2010-14 : M.Sc. in Environmental Science, Goldengate International College (TU), Battisputali,

Kathmandu

2006-09 : B.Sc. in Environmental Science, Khwopa College (TU), Dekocha, Bhaktapur

2004-06 : +2 in Science, Khwopa Higher Secondary School (HSEB), Dekocha, Bhaktapur

2004 : SLC, Prabhat English Secondary Boarding School, Byasi, Bhaktapur

Detailed Tasks Assigned

Take overall responsibility of assignment and make smooth coordinate with the Team leader

Review of the existing reports, standards, specifications, previous studies if carried out for the

proposed road alignment, etc

To prepare forest maps, collection and systematic storage of the aerial photographs.

To assist on field report writing.

Training and Workshop

1. Basic window package computer course from April to July in 2004.

2. Volunteer on ‘Thesis Presentation and Prize Distribution of District Level Interschool Essay

Competition organized by Environmental Desk to Elate the Nature (EDEN) in 5th June 2008.

3. One day workshop on Environmental Problems, Effects, Control and Mitigation Measures in

Bhaktapur Municipality and Stakeholder Analysis organized by Eco-Club, B. Sc. Environmental

Science, Khwopa College (affiliated to Tribhuwan University) on June 5, 2009.

4. Five days ‘Active Citizens Training’ in Bhaktapur jointly organized by British Council and

Association of Youths Organizations Nepal (AYON).


2

5. Training on End note by Golden Gate International College.

6. Basic Geographic Information System (GIS) training by Golden Gate International College.

7. Training in EIA by Golden Gate International College.

8. Training on R-software by Golden Gate International College.

9. Training on Environmental Management System (EMS) jointly organized by Government of

Nepal, Ministry of Industry, Technology Division, Singha Durbar and Department of

Environmental Science, Golden Gate International College (affiliated to Tribhuwan University)

from May 24 to 25, 2011.

10. Three day workshop in 'Youth for Smart Solutions' A Conference on Climate Change organized by

Nepal Prakriti Pathsala on 26-28 March 2014.

Awards

1. Topper in B. Sc. 3rd Year.

2. Dr. Harka Gurung - New ERA Fellowship Award 2013.

3. University Grant Commission- Master's Thesis Support- 2013.

Experiences

1. Worked in NSET in Detail Damage Assessment (DDA) and Building Damage Assessment (BDA)

as GIS Mapper since June 2015 to February 2016.

2. Worked as Solid Waste Management Officer/ Volunteer in Suryabinayak Municipality from March

16, 2016 to July 15, 2016.

3. Part Time Lecturer in Goldengate International College since March, 2016.

4. Working in Nepal Environment Development Consultant since 2017.

Language

Language and Proficiency Speaking Reading Writing

Newari Mother Tongue

Nepali Excellent Excellent Excellent

English Excellent Excellent Excellent

Hindi Good Good Good

3

Detailed Task

Assigned on

Consultant’s Team of

Experts:

Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to

Handle the tasks Assigned.

Project: EIA of Makari Gad Hydroelectric Project 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission

Line Project

Year: 2019 to till date

Client: Makari Gad Hydropower P. Ltd.

Location: Darchula District

Description of Duties: EIA report preparation of the project in association with Makari

Gad Hydropower P. Ltd.

Project: EIA of Super Tamor Hydroelectric Project, 166 MW


Client: Crystal Power Development P. Ltd.

Location: Taplejung District

Description of Duties: Report preparation for the EIA report of the project in association

with Crystal Power Development P. Ltd.

Project: IEE of 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project of Taksar Pikhuwa

Khola Hydroelectric Project


Client: Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.

Location: Bhojpur District

Description of Duties: Report preparation for the IEE report of the project in association

with Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.

Project: IEE of 132 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project for Singati Khola

Hydropower Project (25 MW)


Client: Singati Hydro Energy P. Ltd.

Location: Dolakha District

Description of Duties: Preparation for the IEE report of the project in association with

Singati Hydro Energy P. Ltd.

Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of 33 kV D/C

Transmission Line for Construction Power for Arun 3 Hydropower

Project 900 MW

Year: January 2017 to August 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist

Location: (Nepal – India Boarder)

Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd.

Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed:

Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on

Cadastral Map of 50 km Transmission Line and preparation of report and

presentation, approval.

4

Detailed Task

Assigned on


Experts:



Name of Assignment or Project: Arun-3 HPP-Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Plan of 400 kV DC Transmission Line Project Year: March 2017 to till date

Position Held: Environmentalist

Client: SJVN Arun-3 Hydropower Development Company

Main Project Features: 210 km 400 kV Transmission Line Location: Sankhuwasabha,Bhojpur, Khotang, Udayapur, Siraha, Dhanusha and

Mahottari districts of Nepal

Activities performed: Report writing

Responsible for Carry out detailed survey of rerouted part of the Transmission

Line, Field reconnaissance survey, Cadastral map verification and

Preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan for 210 km of

Transmission Line and preparation of Report.

Name of Assignment or Project: Supplementary Environmental Impact

Assessment (SEIA) of Singati Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.4 MW to 16 MW

and to 25 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree

Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: 2017


Location: Dolakha

Client: Singati Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd

Description of duties: Report writing

Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,

conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoPE

Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land

Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE Study of 10 km 132 kV Solu Khola

Dudhkoshi hydroelectric Project (86 MW), Acquisition of Government Land

and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper

Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW

Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Solukhumbu district

Client: Sahas Urja Limited

Main project feature: Transmission Line Project Activities performed:


conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from Ministry of

Energy.


Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal

5

Detailed Task

Assigned on


Experts:



Name of Assignment or Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination

(IEE) of Richet Khola Hydroelectric Project (4.98 MW), IEE study of 24 km

33 kV Transmission Line Project for Richet Khola Hydropower Project and

Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval

from Government of Nepal

Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist

Client: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Location: Gorkha

Main project features: 4.98 MW of Hydroelectric Project and Transmission Line

Project for Power Evacuation.

Activities performed:

Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report

and approval from Ministry of Energy.



Project: EIA Study of 52 MW Upper Lapche Khola Hydropower Project, EIA

study of 36 km 132 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of

Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land


Location: Dolakha

Client: Energy Venture Pvt. Ltd

Main project feature: 52 MW hydropower Activities performed:

Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE,

GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of

draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation

letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document

Project: IEE Study of 132 kV Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW)

, IEE Study of 66 kV Transmission Line Project of Bagmati Hydropower

Project, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21

km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project , 22.2

MW


Location: Sindhupalchowk, Makwanpur

Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd, Mandu Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.

Shivashree Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.

Main project feature: Transmission Line Project of different Voltage



conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE.

6

Detailed Task

Assigned on


Experts:





Project: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Garchyang Khola

Hydroelectric Project (6.6 MW) Year: 2017


Client: Citizen Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. Main project features: 6.6 MW Hydropower


Responsible for preparation of scoping and Terms of Reference along with

EIA Study of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project.

Project: EIA Study of Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) and

Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from

Government of Nepal


Location: Sindhupalchowk

Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd

Main project feature: 36 MW Hydropower Activities performed:


conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE



Project: EIA study of Suri Khola Hydropower Project (7MW) and Acquisition

of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of

Nepal. EIA Study of 6.9 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition

of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of

Nepal

Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Dolakha

Client: Suri Khola Hydropower Company

Main project feature: 7 MW hydropower Activities performed:

Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.



7

Detailed Task

Assigned on


Experts:



Project: EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project 10 MW,

Supplementary EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project from 10

MW to 20 MW, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance

Approval from Government of Nepal


Location: Rasuwa

Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt. Ltd.

Main project feature: 20 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public

consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.



Name of Assignment or Project: Shree Arun Khola Multiple Campus


Client: Shree Arun Khola Multiple Campus

Main Project Features: Building Location: Madhyabindu Municipality, ward 11 of Nawalparasi district



presentation and approval from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Shree Janata Higher Secondary School

Year: 2075

Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Shree Janata Higher Secondary School

Main Project Features: Building

Location: Activities performed:



Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Dhaulagiri Agriculture College


Client: Dhaulagiri Agriculture College


Location: Phalebas Municipality, ward 3 of Parvat district. Activities performed:



Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Sagar Plaza

Year: 2075


8

Detailed Task

Assigned on


Experts:



Client: Sagar Plaza

Main Project Features: Building Location: ward 31 of Kathmandu Metropolitan of Kathmandu



presentation and approval from Ministry of Urban Development

Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Purbanchal Cancer Hospital

Year: 2076

Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Purbanchal Cancer Hospital Pvt.Ltd.

Main Project Features: Hospital


Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction

of public hearing, preparation of report, presentation and approval from Ministry of Forests

and Environment.

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Itahari Hospital


Client: Public Health Concern Trust ( phect-NEPAL)

Main Project Features: Hospital Location: Activities performed:


conduction of public hearing, preparation of report, presentation and approval from

Ministry of Health and Population.

Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Sedi Luxury Hotel Year: 2076


Client: Barahi Sedi Pvt. Ltd Main Project Features: Hotel




Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Hotel Eastern Nepal

Year: 2075

Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Hotel Eastern Nepal Pvt. Ltd.




presentation and approval from Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Hotel Holy Himalaya


ffi/AssignmentsthatBestIllustratesCapabilitytoHandle the tasks Assigned'

Detailed TaskAssigned onConsultantts Team ofExperts:

Client: Hotel Holy Himalaya Pvt' Ltd'

Main Project Features: Hotel

Location: Activities Performed:

il"'p*;;i; ro, ii.iJ 'T,9{1

Bi'"':':,1.i'T^::::':iTa'iii1llrlion or report'

il:ffi1il;o.ro'*.'Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Hotel Forest Inn

Year 2075Position Held: Environmentalist

Client: Hotel Forest Inn Pvt' Ltd'

Main Project Features: Hotel

Location: Activities Performed :

R."rp*;[i; for iield study, Bale]ine data collection' preparation

presentation and approvat';ori iliriistry of Culture' tourism and Civil aviation

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Baigundhura Solar Farm

Year:2075Position Held: Environmentalist

Client: East Solar Pvt' Ltd'

Main Project Features: Solar Project

Location: Activities Performed:"n"-'p""'iui" for iiei; 't".ltl u1t'::^.1"11,^::'::::',",h,'#5111lT,"lf "o"n'

Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Bhrikuti Solar Power hoject

Year 207 5

Position Held: Environmentalist '1

Client: First Solar Developers Nepal (P) Ltd'

Main Project Features: Solar

Location: Activities performed: .on o1."n.'p

" "' iui" fo r p ie ld

",*{:.-.? 1?'J i-'" ".1"* ",::' ::*}",H: 1l?["' * .

;::ffi L'ffi o'"tp,"".' r*"i ffi ;, ;iil "t''Certification:

I, the undersigned, certifl'that to the best of my knowledge and beliel these data correctly describe

me, my qualifications, and my expenence'

ative of the FirmlDate:Day/Month/Year

Full name of staffmember: Udish4 Danpkhu

Fullname of authorizeo t.pt*ffiitn Prasad Khanal

9

Urusha Sinkhwal

Address: Gahiti , Bhaktapur, Nepal

Phone: 9843237918


Date of Birth: Nov. 30, 1993

Objective

Looking to secure a position as Environmental Analyst that enables the use of exceptional

biological and chemical analysis skills and ability to develop effective systems to oversee a

particular environment and its inhabitants.

Education

July, 2010

SLC

Basu Higher Secondary School, Nepal Government

July, 2012

Science

Basu Higher Secondary School, Higher Secondary

School Board

January, 2016

Bachelor In Science

Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University

January, 2019

Master In Biodiversity & Environmental

Management

Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan University

Training/Certificates

Office Package (C.Net Computer Education )

Dendrochronology and its Application (Resources Himalaya Foundation (RHF) and

Tree Ring Society Nepal (TRSN) )

SPSS Training (Environment Graduates in Himalaya(EGH))

IEE/EIA (Nepal Environment and Development Consultant (NEDC) Pvt. ltd)

Participation

Urban Bird Counting in Kathmandu valley winter and monsoon 2017 by Bird Conservation

Nepal (BCN)

"Conservation of the Red Panda in Nepal: Predicting Red Panda Distribution, Habitat Use, and

Assessing People's Attitude Towards Conservation" 6 July 2018 by Resources Himalaya

Foundation

Moving with the time for our survival, 11 May 2018 by Resources Himalaya Foundation

Vermicomposting: A simple solution for organic waste management, 13 April 2018 by

Resources Himalaya Foundation

Environmental Assessment in Road Sector of Nepal, 09 March 2018 by Resources Himalaya

Foundation

Spatial ecology and movement behavior of Snow Leopards in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area,

Nepal, 1 September 2017 by Resources Himalaya Foundation

Skills

Microsoft assess (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), Basic R-Package, GIS with mapping using Arcmap

QGIS, ArcGIS, SPSS, Photography.

Interests

Keen interested in Conservation of biodiversity with Traditional approach.

Passion for finding images of nature, photography interested subject.

Visit and Exploration of nature of different places.

Work Experience

Teaching

2 year At Proxima International Academy, Apex

Boarding High School

Biodiversity Expert Working in Nepal Environment Development

Consultant in ToR/SD preparation, IEE and EIA

preparation since April , 2016.



Project: EIA of Kalika Kaligandaki Hydroelectric Project, 38.16 MW


Client: Maulakalika Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd.

Location: Tanahunn and Nawalparasi District

Description of Duties: EIA report preparation of the project in association with

Maulakalika Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd.

Project: IEE of Mathillo Siwa Khola Hydropower Project, 8.18 MW Year: 2018 to

till date

Client: Blav Energy Pvt. Ltd Pvt. Ltd

Location: Taplejung District

Description of Duties: Report preparation for the EIA report of the project in

association with Blav Energy Pvt. Ltd Pvt. Ltd

Project: IEE of 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project of Taksar Pikhuwa

Khola Hydroelectric Project


Client: Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd. Location: Bhojpur District

Description of Duties: Report preparation for the IEE report of the project in

association with Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.

Project: IEE of Mathillo Mewakhola-A Hydroelectric Project, 31.92 MW

Hydropower Project (25 MW)


Client: Surya Holdings Private Limited Location: Dolakha District

Description of Duties: Preparation for the IEE report of the project in association

with Mathillo Mewakhola-A Hydroelectric Project, 31.92 MW Hydropower Project

(25 MW)



Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Lodo Khola Small Hydropower

Project, 1.6 MW

Year: 2017 to 2020

Position Held: Biodiversity Expert Location: Lamjung

Client: Liberty Energy Company Ltd. Activities performed: Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on 1.6 MW

Hydropower Project and preparation of report and presentation, approval.

Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Siddhi Khola HPP- 33 kV

Transmission Line Project

Year: 2017 to 2020

Position Held: Biodiversity Expert

Location: Ilam

Client: Sidhhi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd

Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line


Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) and preparation of report

and presentation, approval.

Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Lower Nyadi Hydroelectric

Project, 12.60MW

Year: 2017 to 2020

Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Lamjung

Client: Hub Power Pvt. Ltd

Min project features: Lower Nyadi Hydroelectric Project, 12.60MW


Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study and preparation of

report and presentation, approval.



Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Trishuli River Bridge, Fishling

(145 m), Trishuli River Bridge, Mastard (140m) and Trishuli River Bridge, Jure

Bagaicha (140m)

Year: 2017 to August 2019

Position Held: Biodiversity Expert

Location: Trishuli River Bridge, Fishling (145 m)- gorkha and Chitwan district

Trishuli River Bridge, Mastard (140m), Trishuli River Bridge and Jure Bagaicha

(140m)- Dhading district

Client: TUNDI/LAMA/SAPANA JV

Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study and preparation of

report and presentation, approval.

Reference

Bhaktapur Multiplc CamPus

Professot9843241899

Narayan Prasad khanal

Propri€torNepal Environment and Developmcnt Consultant

9851006013

I certify that to thc bcst of n1y knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes my-s€lf, and my

experiences. I undcrsigned that my willlul misstatelnents describe herein may lead to my

disqualification.

)P-

of 6

CURRICULUM VITAE Position Title and No. Geologist

Name of Firm Nepal Environment and Development Consultant Name of Expert: Biraj Gautam

Date of Birth: 10/05/1979

Citizenship Nepali

Education:

Degree University/ College Date

M.Sc. in Engineering Geology (with

specialization in Engineering Geological

techniques, Geophysics, Engineering

Hydrology Remote Sensing and Geo-

informatics and hydrogeology)

Tribhuvan University,

Kathmandu 2003

B.Sc. in Geology

Tribhuvan University,

Kathmandu 2001

Employment Record Relevant to the assignment:

Period Employing organization and your

title/position. Contact information for

reference

Country Summary of activities performed

relevant to the assignment

Jan

2016-

Till date

Units Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. /Sr.

Engineering Geologist

Nepal Involved as Engineering

Geologistrelated to Engineering

Geology, Geotechnical of the Project

in the following projects carried by

firm:

Feasibility Study, Detail hydraulic

design and supervision of different

river/Hydropower Projects:

• Sani Bheri - 3 Hydropower

Project, 49 MW, Rukum

• Madi 0 Hydroelectric Project,

43 MW, Kaski

• DudhKhola Hydropower

Project, 30 MW, Manang

• Upper SoluHPP (18.0 MW),

• ThuloKhola HEP (21.3 MW),

• IrkhuwaKhola HPP (15.524

MW), Bhojpur

• Super Mai-A HEP (9.6 MW),

Ilam

• KhaniKhola HPP (30.0 MW),

Dolkha

Dec

2013-

Feedback Infrastructure Services Nepal/ Sr.

Engineering Geologist

Nepal Detailed design and Supervision of

Bagmati SHP (20 MW), DPR review

of 6

Nov

2016

and Techno Commercial DD of

Daraudi HEP (5 MW). DPR

preparation of 10MW Lower Modi II

SHP, updated feasibility study of 120

MW RashuwaBhotekoshi

Hydropower Project, Feasibilty and

detailed design of 35 MW

AnkhuKhola HEP, 58 MW

TiplyangKaligandaki HEP and 53.5

MW Upper Myagdi I HEP as team

leader.

Oct

2012-

Oct

2013

AndhiKhola HP Project Upgrading (9.4

MW)/ Sr. Engineering Geologist

Nepal Construction supervision and

monitoring of underground power

house cavern and tail race tunnel

excavation, Responsible for

overseeing the progress of specific

job, 3d tunnel logging, Rock mass

classification and support designing

for tunnel alignment, design of

retaining structure of access road.

Quality control of overall project.

Aug

2011-

Nov

2013

Kabeli Energy Limited (Under BPC), Kathmandu/ Sr. Engineering Geologist Nepal

Involved as Senior Engineering

Geologist in Kabeli –A Hydroelectric

Project (38 MW)

Jan

2010-

July

2011

Welcome Energy Development Company

(WEDCO)/ Engineering Geologist Nepal

Involved as Senior Engineering

Geologist in Lower Balephi

Hydroelectric Project (20 MW) and

carried out Geological and

Engineering Geological Mapping of

Project area, Geotechnical

investigation of soil and rock,

Sampling and Construction material

surveying, Rock mass classification

and support designing for tunnel

alignment, Drilling planning,

supervision and monitoring,

Preparation of various reports and

documentation.

Feb

2007-

Dec

2009 Geo Consult Private Limited, Kathmandu Nepal/ Engineering Geologist/ Hydro Geologist Nepal

Engineering Geologist as Feasibility

study of Lower Khare HEP (10 MW)

Dolakha, Ritchu HEP (20 MW)

Northern Sikkim India, Bijayapur

HEP (5 MW) Kaski,

KhorungaKhola HEP (6 MW)

Terathum, Engineering geological

study of Irrigation Canal of Rapti

River Dang similarly Hydro geologist

as study of Environmental Impact

Assessment Of STW Sub Project On

of 6

Tikapur Municipality In Kailali

District,Groundwater data acquisition

and GisDatabase preparation of Dang

and Deukhuri

Feb

2004-

Sep

2006 Silt and DHV/ Engineering Geologist Nepal

Engineering Geological Road survey

along the study of Shitalpati (Salyan

District)-Musikot (Rukum District)

road, Botechaur (Surkhet District)-

Tulsipur (Dang District) road,Lower

Dunngeshwor - Dailekh, (Dailekh

District) road,Mangalsen -Belkhet

road, Achham District

Membership in Professional Associations and Publications:

Life Member, Nepal Geological Society, Nepal. LM-557

Gautam Biraj., 2011, Wedge stability analysis and rock squeezing prediction of headrace tunnel, Lower

Balephi Hydroelectric Project, Sindhupalchock District, central Nepal, Journal of Nepal Geological

Society, 42:125-136.

Language Skills:

Speaking Reading Writing

Nepali Excellent Excellent Excellent

English Good Good Good

Hindi Good Good Fair

Adequacy for the Assignment:

Detailed Tasks Assigned on Consultant’s

Team of Experts: Engineering Geologist

As an Engineering Geologist of the project, the following responsibilities has been assigned:

Preparation of detail geological/engineering geological survey and mapping.

Geological survey, engineering geological mapping, geophysical & geotechnical

investigations including drilling, seismicity/seismic study;

Construction material study in the vicinity of the project area;

Discontinuity Survey, Rock Mass Classification, Data Evaluation for Reservoir, Data

Evaluation for Dam, Geophysical Investigation and all concerned works related to all

Geological task as prescribed in the TOR(TECH-6).

Assist TL for the report preparation and Presentation.

Reference to Prior Work/ Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the Assigned

Tasks

1. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study ofFeasibility Study ofSani Bheri- 3

of 6

Hydropower Project 49.0 MW, (PROR type project). Year: April, 2018- July, 2019

Position Held: Engineering Geologist

Location: Rukum (East & West) District

Client: Sani Bheri Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal

Main Project Features: Feasibility Study of Hydropower Project

Activities Performed: Carried out following duties:

• Responsible for Planning of the design and coordination of the project.

• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sections

and aerialphotographs.

• Analyzing samples of deposits/bedrock, analyse data on erosion, drought, and other problems

and responsible for consulting geological maps

• Finalize Tunnel Layout, Adits planning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections,

Stress Analysis, and Support Design of typical underground structures.

• Conduct regional geological study covering project site including reservoir area & prepare

maps with plan and section in based on fieldobservation.

• Discontinuity Survey, Rock Mass Classification, Data Evaluation for Reservoir, Data

Evaluation for Dam, Geophysical Investigation and all concerned works related to all

Geological works.

• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the projectarea.

• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site

and prepare engineering geologicalmaps.

• Involved in geological / geotechnical investigation review/report for project report preparation.

2. Name of Assignment or Project: Updated Feasibility Study of RashuwaBhotekoshi Hydropower

Project 120 MW,

Year: Jan 2014-Jun 2014

Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: RasuwaDistrict

Client: Langtang BhotekoshiHydropower Company Private Limited

Main Project Features:Updated Feasibility Study of Hydropower Project

Activities Performed:

Carried out following duties:

• Collect and review of previous study, topographical, geological maps, geological sections and

aerialphotographs.

• Prepare maps with plan and section based on field observation in scale

• Conduct regional geological study covering project site including reservoir area & prepare

maps with plan and section in based on fieldobservation

• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site

and prepare engineering geologicalmaps.

• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the projectarea.

3. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of TiplyangKaligandaki HEP-58 MW,

Myagdi

Year: Jan 2015-Dec 2017

Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: MyagdiDistrict

Client: TiplyangKaligandaki Hydropower Pvt Ltd.

Main Project Features: Feasibility Study of Hydroelectric Project

Activities Performed:

Carried out following duties:

• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sections

and aerialphotographs.

• Analyzing samples of deposits/bedrock, analyses data on erosion, drought, and other problems

• Responsible for consulting geological maps and Involved in geological/ geotechnicalinvestigation review/report for designed project report preparation.

• Responsible for the preparation of the regional geological map of the project area.7

• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, tunnel and powerhouse site, Aditsplanning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections, Stress Analysis, and

• Support Design of typical underground structures and prepare engineering geological maps.• Pre are a r ort on general geology and geomo hology of the ro·ectarea.

4. Name of Assignment or Project: Detail Design ofUpperMyagdil HEP 53.5 MW.

Year: July 2016-Dec 2017Position Held: Team Leader/Engineering Geologist Location: Myagdi DistrictClient: Upper Myagdi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.Main Project Features: Feasibility Study ofHydropower ProjectActivities Performed:Carried out following duties:

• All concerned work related to Engineering Geology and Geotechnical of the Project andsuperv1s10n.

• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, tunnel and powerhouse site, Aditsplanning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections, Stress Analysis, and

• Support Design of typical underground structures and prepare engineering geological maps.• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the project area.• Rock mass class according NATM.• Prepare a r9Jort on general geology and geomo hology of the ro·ectarea.

5. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of Upper DudhKhola Hydropower Project(21.16 MW) (later upgraded to 30.4 MW)Year: March 2018-Nov 2018Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: Manang DistrictClient: Carbonless Energy Fund Pvt. Ltd.Main Project Features: Feasibility Study ofHydropower ProjectActivities Performed:Carried out following duties:

• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sectionsand aerialphotographs.

• Review reconnaissance report to update and prepare a report on regional geology andstructure.

• Prepare maps with plan and section based on field observation in scale• Geological survey, engineering geological mapping, geophysical & geotechnical

investigations including drilling, seismicity/seismic study.• Finalize Tunnel Layout, Adits planning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections,

Stress Analysis, and Support Design of typical underground structures• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site

and re are engineering_geologicalma s.

Expert Information:

Emai l address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 9851176766

Certification:

Page 5 of6

CV of Dr. Santosh Bhattarai

Page 1 of 3

CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)

Name : Santosh Bhattarai, PhD

Date of Birth : 12 Feb 1987

Citizenship : Nepali

Education:

Doctor in Philosophy (PhD) in Hydraulic Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China- Outstanding Graduate of

2017- Thesis Title: Application of Soft Computing Techniques to Control the Temperature of Mass Concrete during the Construction Phase

of Concrete Dams.

Masters of Science (M. Sc.) in Water Resource Engineering 2010-2012, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University-Distinction Division-

Thesis Title: Hydrological Modeling and Climate Change Impact Assessment Using HBV Light Model: A Case Study of Narayani River

Basin, Nepal

Trainings

Participated in temperature monitoring of “Xiluodu High Concrete Double Curvature Arch Dam-2015 “January- April”.

Participated in in-door experiment for “Temperature Monitoring of Mass Concrete using DTS System” in Hydroelectric Laboratory, China

Three Gorges University.

2017 6th International Conference on Engineering and Innovative Materials(ICEIM2017) (September 3-4, 2017) paper accepted for

presentation)

October 17-19, 2015. Hohai University, Nanjing. LTBD2015: 3rd International Workshop on Long-Term Behavior and Environmentally

Friendly Rehabilitation Technologies of Dams. Hohai University, Nanjing, October 17-19, 2015

International seminar on Climate Change and Mitigation of Water Induced Disasters organized by Department of Water Induced Disaster

Prevention (DWIDP) and Nepal Engineering College (NEC), 28 March 2012, Everest Hotel

Assessment of Flood Inundations under the effect of Climate Change in Lower West Rapti Basin, Nepal organized by Nepal Development

and Research Institute ( NDRI) ,5 March 2012,Hotel Himalayan

Master Thesis Supervised

Numerical Simulation of Flow through Settling Basin: A case study of Budhi-Ganga Hydropower Project (BHP), 2020. MSc in Hydropower

Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Nepal

Numerical Modelling of Flow towards Headwork’s using CFD Approach. 2020. MSc in Hydropower Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus,

Nepal

Numerical Analysis of Flow through Stilling Basin using CFD Model. 2020. MSc in Hydropower Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Nepal

Publication

Dulal, S., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Simulation of Flow through Settling Basin: A case study of Budhi-Ganga

Hydropower Project (BHP). International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2020.

Khakurel, A., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Modelling of Flow towards Headwork’s using CFD Approach.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020.

Khadka, P., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Analysis of Flow through Stilling Basin using CFD Model. International

Journal of Civil Engineering, 2020.

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Application of Soft Computing Techniques for Predicting Cooling Time Required

Dropping Initial Temperature of Mass Concrete. Civil Engineering Journal

http://www.civilengineeringjournal.cz/archive/issues/2017/2017_2/2-2017-0017.pdf

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Yadav, R., 2016. An Overview on Types, Construction Method, Failure, and Key Technical Issues

during Construction of High Dams. Electronic Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016(21.26), pp 10415-10432.(Published in EI Journal)

http://www.ejge.com/2016/Ppr2016.0811ma.pdf

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Predicting Temperature of Mass Concrete at Construction Phase of Concrete

Dams using Genetic Programming and Artificial Neural Networks. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science &

Technology, vol.6, No.1, February 2017. https://www.ijerst.com/ijerstadmin/upload/IJEETC_58945c88eeb9e.pdf

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Predicting Temperature Drop Rate of Mass Concrete during an Initial Cooling

Period using Genetic Programming. 2017 6th International Conference on Engineering and Innovative Materials (ICEIM

2017), Setagaya Campus, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/311/1/012018

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y ., Shakya N.M., and Zhao, C. Hydrological Modeling and Climate Change Impact Assessment Using HBV Light

Model: A Case Study of Narayani River Basin, Nepal (Published in “Nature Environment and Pollution Technology” EI Indexed Journal)

CV of Dr. Santosh Bhattarai

Page 2 of 3

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319187241_Hydrological_Modeling_and_Climate_Change_Impact_Assessment_Using_HBV_Ligh

t_Model_A_Case_Study_of_Narayani_River_Basin_Nepal

Min, H, Bhattarai, S., SIMPLE APPROACH FOR PREDICTING 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING GENETIC

PROGRAMMING. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science & Technology

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4874/314c693478e7756663437fc14b5d7f3d51a1.pdf

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y ., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., Construction Phase Simulation and Optimization of High Concrete Dam Using Finite

Element Analysis and Genetic Programming .( In Review)

Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y. Predicting Compressive Strength of Mass Concrete Using Surface Response Method (In Review)

Employment Record Relevant to the Assignment:

Period

Employing organization and your title/

position. Contact information for

references

Country Summary of activities performed relevant to the Assignment

April, 2018 to

Till Date

(Intermittent)

Employer: Institute of Engineering,

Pulchowk Campus, Nepal.

Position Held: Lecturer for MSC in

Hydropower Engineering.

Nepal Lecturer for Applied Hydraulic and Numerical Modeling

September,

2017 to Till

Date

Employer: Super Madi Hydropower

Company

Position Held : Project Coordinator of

Super Madi HEP,44 MW

Nepal Task performed:

Hydrological analysis review

Involved in Layout Finalization and Design Optimization

Detail Design Review (Headwork’s planning,

optimization components, water hammer

analysis, Numerical Analysis of head works )

Construction Planning

November,

2012 to

October, 2014

(Intermittent)

Employer: Units Engineering Consultancy

Pvt. Ltd. Kupondole Lalitpur, Nepal

Position Held: Team Leader, Hydrologist,

Water Resource Engineer

Nepal Task Performed :

Involved as a Team Leader for a conceptual layout of

the projects, hydrological analysis, hydraulic design

review , construction planning, checking the final report

of the projects

Project Name: Thame Small Hydropower Project 900

KW, Puwa Khola Hydropower Project 4 MW, Galkot

Dram Khola HEP2.5 MW and Naubase Small HEP 1

MW, Seti HEP 22 MW

Project Location: Solukhambhu, Illam, Baglung,

Dhading, and Kaski , Nepal

Membership in Professional Associations:

Member, Nepal Engineers’ Association, Regd. No. 6979 Civil “A”

Languages Skills:

Language Reading Speaking Writing

English Fluent Fluent Fluent

Nepali ----------------------Mother Tongue-------------------

Hindi Good Good Good

Chinese Good Initial Level Initial Level

Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Mobile No.: +977- 9840093866


1

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name

Date of Birth

Marital Status

:

:

:

Vimsen Silwal

2038.04.29 (Aug 23,1981)

Married

Gender : Male

Permanent Address : Chiti-5, Lamjung, Gandaki Zone, Nepal

Current Address : Kirtipur-2, Kathmandu, Nepal

Nationality : Nepali

Contact

E-Mail

:

:

9851225411 (Mob.) Res. 014335787

[email protected]

Academic Qualification:

Master’s Degree in Rural Development (RD) from T.U., 2011.

Master's Degree in Population from T.U., 2009.

Bachelors from Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus (RR), Kathmandu, 2005.

LLB from Nepal Law Campus, Kathmandu, (waiting for result)

Intermediate in Humanities from Mashyandi Multipal Campus in 2001.

School Leaving Certificate from Lok Raj Adarsha Secondary School in1998.

Training:

Training on Research Methodology (7 days) conducted by centre for population Research Training (CPRT), central Department of population studies (CDPS), T.U

Participation on Life Insurance training provided by Prime Life Insurance Co. LTD Hattisar, Katmandu , Nepal

Participant on Divine Principle Seminar (14days) Provided by W-CARP Nepal and FFWPU.

Basic Computer Course (Ms. Word, Excel, Power point, E-mail, Internet).

Seven days UNESO clubs orientation program (13 – 19) July, 2005.

“Raising Awareness about Human Rights and Sensitization of the Students Leaders of Nepal” conducted at the KTM from December (8-14) 2006/07 organization by Alliance for Peace.

Training on Food Preparation (March 2007 to June 2007)) conducted by Oriental Hospitality Tourism Training Center(P) LTD New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal.

2

Experience:

Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Siddhartha High Hay Project – World Bank Found Department of Roads, ERMC Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Syanja to Palpa) June 2017 – July 2017.

Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group

Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- World Bank Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Nagdhunga to Mugling)Oct 2016 – December 2016.

(IEE) orientation training to field interviewer, focus group discussion, field data collection and key information interaction district level governmental line agencies Arun third hydro power hytension line, ERMC Consultancy field Enumerator 7 District.

(IEE) orientation training to field interviewer, focus group discussion, field data collection and key information interaction district level governmental line agencies Shabha Khola hydro power, SanaConsultancy field Enumerator Sankhuwasaba District.

Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report and Verification, Alternative Energy office Khumaltar Lalitpur, AEPC, SIDEF, April 2014 (Technician -Rukum & Dang)

SIP (School Improvement Management) End Line Survey, Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report, The Project For Support For Improvement of School Management (SISM2),(JICA), Department of Education, Full Bright Consultancy, District Field Supervisor (Solukhumbu) May 2014– Jun 2014.

SIP (School Improvement Management) Baseline Survey, Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report. The Project For Support For Improvement of School Management (SISM2),(JICA) Department of Education, Full Bright Consultancy, District Field Supervisor (Solukhumbu) July 2013– August 2013.

Social Economic Impact Project Outcome Rapid Assessment Study of Irrigation

Sub-Projects Under CMIASP, Department of Irrigation, NEPC (Nepal Environment

Protection Center Field Research (Dhankuta, Sankuwasaba, Jhapa June 2013.

Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Okhaldhunga to Sallari) June 2012 – July 2012.

Resettlement Inventory of Affected Public Structures Community, Government,

Trust) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB

Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research

Supervisor (Nepal gung to Kolhapur)) September 2012 – December 2012.

Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study Focus Group

Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation Key Informants Interaction the

project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP)

Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Nepal

gung to Kolhapur)) january 2013 - Febuary 2013)

. Data Coder (Coding PPMS Base Line) Editing, Data Entry, field report writing ofSocio-economic lmpact Study. the project for Sub- Regional TransportEnhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full BrightConsultancy, Febuary 2013.

. Traffic Surveyor on Data Collection, (Kathmandu Valley) Traffic Survey on Data

Collection Survey on Traffic lmprovement in Kathmandu Valley Department ofRoads Full Bright Consultancy Field Research January 2012 -March 2012

. Sxfh month experience of Prime Life lnsurance Co. Ltd

o Two years experience in socialwork (Karkidanda Service Society Ktm).

. One year teaching experience (Shree Lok Raj Adharash secondary school.

Lanquaqe Writinq Speakinq ReadinqNepali Excellent Excellent ExcellentEnglish Good Good Good

References:

1. Prof & Dr. Uma Kanta silwal, Head Central Department of Rural DevelopmentStudies, T.U., Kirtipur, Phone no: 9851065808

2. Mr. Shiba Raj Sedhai, Social Development Specialist, Road Sector DevelopmentProject of STAF,Full Bright Consultancy, Pvt. Phone no 9851073358

3. Mr. Shiba PD Dhakal, Social Development Specialist, Road Sector DevelopmentProject. Phone no 9851072724

I hereby declare that all the above details are based on my knowledge.

ffivVWn Sitwal


Annex XVIIIRelated Photographs


Figure: Kabeli khola

Figure: Proposed Headworks site


Figure: Proposed Project alignment

Figure: Proposed Headrace tunnel


Figure: Proposed Surge shaft site

Figure : Proposed Penstock pipe alignment


Figure: Proposed Powerhouse area

Figure: Utis in Project area


Figure: Old landslide in project area

Figure: Notice display


Figute: Notice display

Figure: Community meeting

SUPER KABELI KHOLA HYDROPOWER PROJECT, 12 MW ...

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