SUPER KABELI KHOLA HYDROPOWER PROJECT, 12 MW
TAPLEJUNG DISTRICT
PROVINCE 1
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
Submitted to:
Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE) Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Through
Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
(MoEWRI)
Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
and
Department of Electricity Development (DoED) Sanogaucharan, Kathmandu, Nepal
Submitted by:
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.
Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal
E-mail: [email protected]
February, 2021
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
i
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क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता १ सामान्य
आयोजनाको नाम सपुर काबेली खोला जलववद्यतु आयोजना आयोजनाको प्रकार रन-अफ-ररभर (RoR)
नदी काबेली खोला नजजकको सहर वफददम
२ स्थान
गााँउपाललका लसररजंघा गााँउपाललका वडा नं. ८, ७,६
जजल्ला ताप्लेजङु्ग
प्रदेश प्रदेश नं.१
अक्ांश ८७°५२'३३" पूवव - ८७°५५'०९"पूवव देशान्तर २७°२५'०९"उत्तर - २७°२७'२४"उत्तर
३ जलववज्ञान
जलाधर क्ेत्र १६२.०५ वगव वक.लम. लडजाइन लडस्चाजव (Q ४४.६ %) ५.९ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड
राइपेररयन ररललज मालसक वहाबको १०%
लडजाइन फ्लोड लडस्चाजव २२७ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड (१०० Yrs. Flood)
४ हेडवकव स
वेयरको प्रकारर Free flow rock chute dam
Crest Length of Wier ६० लम.
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
ii
क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता Crest Elevation समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा १७०३.०० लम. मालथ
वेयरको उचाई ८.५ लम. from foundation
Undersluice Gate को अकार ३.० लम. x २.५ लम. (१ No.)
Crest Level of Undersluice समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा १६९८ लम. इटेकको प्रकार ओररवफस, साइड इन्टेक
इटेकको आकार २.० लम. x २.० लम. x २ No.s
इन्टेकको लसल तह समजुन्ि सतह भन्दा१७००.०० लम. मालथ
ग्राभेल ट्रापको प्रकार Surface Duffer
ग्राभेल ट्रापको आकार ५.३ लम. x ४.८ लम. x ३.५२ लम. ५ अप्रोच कलभवट
अप्रोच कलभवटको प्रकार Rectangular Box Culvert
लम्बाई ४९ लम. आकार २.० लम. x २.० लम. ६ सेटललङ्ग बेलसन
प्रकार Concrete, Double Bay Duffer
च्याम्बरको संख्या २
आकार ५६ लम. x ७ लम. x ५.१ लम. प्रत्येक
Particle size to be settled >०.२ लम.लम. आकार ५६ लम. x ७ लम. x ५.१ लम. प्रत्येक
Particle size to be settled >०.२ लम.लम. ट्रर् यावपङ दक्ता ९०%
७ Waterways (Headrace Pipe)
प्रकार हेडरेस पाइप, गोलाकार
व्यास १.६ लम. (आन्तररक) लम्बाई ३३९० लम. ८ हेडरेस टनले
आकार Inverted U-shaped
टनेलको आकार २.८ लम. x ३.५ लम. लम्बाई १५०४ लम. ९ सजव साफ्ट
आकार गोलाकार, भवटवकल
व्यास ६.० लम. उचाई ५०.० लम. Up Surge Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १७१६.७७ लम. मालथ
Down Surge Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १६८९.४४ लम. मालथ
Normal Operation Level समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १७०२.५० लम. मालथ
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
iii
क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता १० पनेस्टक पाइप
आकार जस्टल पाइप
आन्तररक व्यास १.६ लम. लम्बाई ३६८ लम. ११ ववद्यतुगहृ
प्रकार Surface
आकार ३८ लम. x १४ लम. x १९ लम. Number of Generating Units २
टबावइनको प्रकार पेल्टन
टबावइन एजससस तह समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १४४४.०० लम. मालथ
१२ टेलरेस सयानल
प्रकार Box Culvert
लम्बाई ४५ लम. आकार २.५ लम. x २ लम. १३ टबावइन
प्रकार पेल्टन
संख्या २
Rated Output Capacity Per Unit ६.२५ मे.वा दक्ता ९०%
टबावइन एजससस तह समनु्िी सतह भन्दा १४४४.०० मालथ
नेट हेड २४४.२४ लम. लडस्र्चाजव प्रलत यलुनट २.९५ घन लमटर प्रलत सेकेन्ड
१४ गभवनर
प्रकार Solid state, PID control
Adjustment for Speed Drop ० देजख १०% लबचमा १५ जेनरेेटर
प्रकार Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous
संख्या २
रेटेड क्मता ७.०६ MVA
भोल्टेज ११ वकलो भोल्ट
Power Factor ०.८५
आवलृत ५० हजव Excitation System Static Type
दक्ता ९६%
RPM ६०० RPM
१६ ट्रान्सफव रमर
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
iv
क्र.स. अवयव ववषशेता प्रकार Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase
रेटेड क्मता ८ MVA
संख्या २
भोल्टेज अनपुात ११/१३२ वकलो भोल्ट
भेसटर ग्रपु YNd११
दक्ता ९९%
१७ ट्रान्सलमसन लाइन र लग्रड
भोल्टेज तह १३२ वकलो भोल्ट, single circuit
लम्बाई १८ वक.लम. (अनमुालनत) Conductor Type ASCR “Bear”
बाट सपुर काबेली खोला जलववद्यतु आयोजनाको स्वीचयाडव
सम्म नेपाल ववद्यतु प्रालधकरणको 33/132 के. भी. को काबेली सवस्टेशन
१९ लनमावण अवलध ३ वषव २० शजि र उजाव
ग्रस हेड २५९ लम. नेट हेड २४४.२४ लम. २१ जडान क्मता १२ मे.वा २२ Estimated Annual Saleable Energy 69.24 लगगा वाट आवर
सखु्खा 20.78 लगगा वाट आवर
Wet 48.46 लगगा वाट आवर
२३ ववजत्तय संकेतक:
B/C अनपुात १.३५
IRR १४.७३%
ROE १९.५८%
आयोजना लागत २३३८.५८ लमललयन
आयोजना लागत प्रलत वकलो वाट १८०४ USD/kW
२४ लनमावण अवलध ३ वषव
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EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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cWoogaf6 h}ljs jftfj/0fsf] ;"rL tyf ltgdf kg]{ k|efjx¿ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
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EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
vi
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v_ gsf/fTds k|efjx¿
^=! ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fLo k|efj
o; cfof]hgfn] kfg{ ;Sg] ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fLo k|efjx¿df e"–pkof]udf kl/jt{g x'g]5 .
cfjZos hUufM
s|.; hUufsf] k|sf/ ;/sf/L -x]_ lghL -x]_ hDdf -x]_
s+rgh3f+ ;+/If0f If]q
afFemf] Vf]nfsf] au/ s'n
! :yfoL ! =*# ) =# @=!# *=!% !) =@*
@ c:yfoL ) =@ ) =@ ) =!% ) =#%
hDdf ! =*# ) ) =% @=## *=# !) =^#
lgdf{0f cjlwdf !)=^# x]S6/ -!)=@* x]S6/ :yfoL / )=#% x]S6/ c:yfoL_ hUuf cfjZostf kg]{5 .
To:t} lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿ h:t} t]n, df]lan, lu|h, OGwg tyf cGo t/n kbfy{sf] r'xfj6, Wjlg k|b"if0f, hdLgsf]
cl:y/tf / df6f]sf] IfoLs/0f, k|fs[lts hn axfjdfu{df kl/jt{g, cfof]hgfsf] ;+/rgfn] e"agf}6df kl/jt{g,
9'ªuf vfgL ;~rfng, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L y'kfg]{ / pTvgg\ ubf{ lg:sg] df6f] tyf 9'+ufn] kfg]{ k|efj cflb h:tf
k|efj lgdf{0f r/0fdf b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy} ;~rfng r/0fdf vf]nfsf] kfgLsf] axfjdf sdL, vf]nfsf] :yfgLo
hnjfo'df kg]{ k|efj, ljB't u[xaf6 lg:sg] Wjlg, t]n, lu|h tyf cGo /f;folgs kbfy{sf] r'xfj6, kfgLsf]
u'0f:t/df kg]{ k|efj, gbL y'lgP/ x'g ;Sg] c;/ cflb d'Vo x'g\ .
^=@ h}ljs jftfj/0fLo k|efj
h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] d'Vo k|efjx¿df s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qaf6 %)) -kf]n !@$ / ¿v #&^_ j6f
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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¿vx¿h;dWo] sGrghËf ;+/If0f If]q jgaf6 sfl6g] 5g\ / ;+/If0f If]qsf] s"n @=## x]= hUufdf @=!# x]=
:yfoL / )=@)) x]= c:yfoL ¿kdf pkof]u ul/g]5 . To:t} af6f] ;~rfngsf sf/0f tyf cGo ;~rflnt
;fwgsf sf/0f jGohGt' / r/fx¿ c:yfoL ¿kdf a;fO{ ;g{ ;S5g\ . cGo k|efjx¿df jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg
tyf cfjthfjtdf afwf, hnr/ k|f0fLsf] af;:yfg tyf cfjthfjtdf cj/f]w, kfgL PSsf;L lg:sFbf hnr/
/ ynr/ k|f0fLdf kg]{ c;/ cflb x'g\ .
^=# ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj
cfof]hgfsf] nflu *=!% x]= :yfoL / )=!% x]= c:yfoL hUuf @% 3/w'/Lx¿af6 k|fKt ug]{5 . JolQmut
:jf:y / ;'/Iff, vf]nfdf kfgLsf] axfj 36\gfn] :yfgLonfO{ kg{ ;Sg] k|efj, cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] ;dodf
dflg;x¿sf] rxnkxn a9\g], ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / ;+/rgfdf bafj a9\g ;Sg] d'Vo ;fdflhs k|efjx¿ x'g\
. cfof]hgf ;~rfng xF'bf lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf l;h{gf ePsf] /f]huf/L u'Dg]5 / s]xL sfdbf/n] :yfoL ¿kdf
/f]huf/L kfpg]5g\ . cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f ubf{ a9]sf] cfly{s l:ytL cfof]hgf ;~rfng cjlwdf 36\g]5
h;n] ubf{ :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿sf] laqmL ljt/0f 36\g]5 . o;n] ubf{ :yfgLo :t/df ljleGg ls|ofsnfkdf
kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .
&= ljsNkx¿sf] ljZn]if0f
jftfj/0fLo c;/x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu ;lhn} pknAw x'g] / cfly{s ¿kdf klg pko'Qm x'g] lsl;dsf
k|ljlwx¿nfO{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]q 5gf]6 ubf{ ljleGg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbOPsf] lyof] h:t}M
kx'Frdfu{, kfgLsf] dfqf, cf}ift prfO{, jftj/0fdf kg]{ k|efj cflb . gsf/fTds c;/x¿nfO{ sd ug{sf] nflu
vf]nfsf] b'j}lt/sf] lsgf/sf] cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] .
*= Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿
*=! ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0f
lghL hUuf k|flKt ;s];Dd sd ul/g]5 . afof] OlGhlgol/Ë k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 hldgsf] l:y/tf sfod ug{
k|of; ul/g]5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf ;lqmo klx/f]x¿nfO{ klxrfg u/L /f]syfd ul/g]5 . ;txsf]
df6f]nfO{ ;+sng u/L sfo{ ;dflKt kZrft\ k'gM k|of]u ul/g]5 . lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L nufot ;txsf] df6f]nfO{
plrt :yfgdf e08f/0f ul/g]5 .
e08f/0fsf] nflu phf8 jf ¿v–la¿jf gePsf] :yfgnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ljleGg ;'/Iff
;fdfu|Lx¿ h:t} Oo/ uf8{, x]Nd]6, kGhf, a'6 cflb pknAw u/fOg]5 . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .
SofDkdf zf}rfno / ;]lK6s 6\ofFsL agfOg]5 . ;fdfu|L e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yfgnfO{ /fd|f];Fu tf/af/ ul/g]5 .
;jf/L ;fwgsf] lgoldt ;Def/ ul/g]5 . k]|;/ xg{ lgif]w ul/g]5 . w'nf] p8\g] :yfgdf lgoldt kfgL 5s{g]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . oL lgdf{0f r/0fdf ul/g] s]xL Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿ x'g\ . :yfgLo hnjfo'df kg]{ k|efj
sd ug{ x/]s dlxgf kfgLsf] axfjsf] !)Ü cf};t ¿kdf jftfj/0fLo axfasf] ¿kdf sfa]nL vf]nfdf kfgL
5f]l8g]5 . r]tfjgL ;fO/g h8fg u/L :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ crfgs 5f]l8g] kfgL af/] ;r]t u/fOg]5 .
cfof]hgfn] ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx¿nfO{ l8hfOgsf] ;dob]lv g} Vofn ul/Psf]
5 / sltko pkfox¿nfO{ lgdf{0f vr{d} ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] ef}lts tyf /f;folgs jftfj/0fLo
k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu 5 s/f]8 pgfG;o nfv -^,((,)),)))_ ¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 .
*=@ h}ljs jftfj/0f
cfof]hgfn]] s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qaf6 sfl6g] %)) ¿vsf] ;§fdf !M@% cg'kftdf, !@,%)) j6f ¿vsf
la¿jfx¿ tf]lsPsf] :yfgx¿df /f]lkg]5 . To;}u/L s+rghª\uf ;+/If0f If]qsf] @=## x]= :yfoL hUuf k|of]u u/]
afkt k|lt x]= !^)) la¿jfsf] b/n] #&@* ¿vsf la¿jfx¿ j[Iff/f]k0f ul/g]5 .
o; cfof]hgfn] *=# x]= -*=!% x]= :yfoL / )=!% x]= c:yfoL_ hUuf lsGgsf] nflu Ps s/f]8 krf; nfv
cf7 xhf/ ;ft ;o klRr; ¿k}ofF -!%,))*,&@%_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 . o;/L nufO{Psf ¿v la¿jfsf] cfof]hgfn]
% jif{;Dd /]vb]v u/L ;DAflGwt Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{5 . o; afx]s lj:kmf]6gsf] sfo{ lbgsf]
;dodf dfq} ul/g]5 . afof] OlGhlgol/Ësf] k|of]un] le/fnf] hldgdf ePsf] jgIf]qsf] ;+/If0f ul/g]5 .
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
viii
cfof]hgfn] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f cflbsf] nflu ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 .
kDKn]6, hgr]tgfd"ns ;fdfu|Lx¿sf]] k|of]u, xf]l8{Ë af]8{sf] k|of]u, jgdf nfUg] cfuf]sf] lgoGq0f ug'{sf ;fy}
lgdf{0f sfo{af6 jGohGt' / tLgsf af;:yfgdf sdeGbf sd c;/ kg]{ u/L sfd ug]{5 . o;sf ;fy}
cfof]hgfn] jGohGt'sf] af;:yfgsf] ;'/Iff, crfgs 5f]l8g] kfgLsf] /f]syfd / cfktsflng cj:yf r]tfjgL
;fO/gsf] k|of]udf klg ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 . o; h}ljs jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f sfo{ ug{sf] nflu
cfof]hgfn] hDdf ;ft s/f]8 5ofnL; nfv ;f7L xhf/ cf7 ;o krf; -&,$^,^),*%)_ ¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf]
5 .
*=# ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f
o; cfof]hgfn] kfg{ ;Sg] ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{ k|fKt
ul/Psf hUufx¿sf] plrt d"NofÍg tyf plrt /sdsf] Joj:yfkg, hUuf k|fKt ubf{ s[lif hldgaf6
Iflt x'g] afnLx¿sf] cfly{s d"NofÍg u/L tLgsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf cfof]hgfn] ug]{5 . @=%@ x]
:yfoL hUuf k|fKt u/] afkt ¿= Ps s/f]8 ;t;ÝL nfv krf;L xhf/ -!,^&,*%,)))_ / #=$ x]= ef8fdf
lnOPsf] hUufsf] ¿ ;GtfgAa] xhf/ kfFr ;o -(&,%))_ Ifltk"lt{ ug]{5 . To;}u/L, $@^ j6f lghL
hUufaf6 sfl6g] ¿vx¿sf] ¿= kfFr s/f]8 PsfpGg nfv krxQ/ xhf/ -%%,!&%,)))_ Ifltk"lt{ ug]{5
.
cfof]hgfsf] 7]s]bf/n] JolQmut ;'/Iffsf ;fdfu|Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg], cUgL lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{, ;fjwfgL
/ vt/fsf] ;+s]tsf] cfjZos / plrt :yfgdf k|of]u ug]{5 . lj:kmf]6g ug]{ If]qdf :yfgLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L
ug{ ;fO/g ahfOg] 5 / /ftf] emG8fsf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ljleGg ;'/Iff tflnd lbg'sf ;fy}
hgwgsf] Ifltsf] k|rlnt P]g, lgodcg';f/ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . c:yfoL SofDkdf !% -kGw|_ hgf
a/fa/ Ps zf}rfno lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . k|fylds pkrf/sf] nflu k|fylds pkrf/ ;fdfu|L /flvg]5 .
lghL ;Dkltsf] ;Ddfg, :yfgLosf] clwsf/ / /LtLl/jfhsf] ;Ddfg ug{'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs ljs[lt ;[hgf x'g
;Sg] ls|ofsnfkx¿nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf /f]s nufOg]5 . o;sf ;fy} :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] nflu ljleGg hLljsf]kfh{g
/ ;Lkd"ns tflndx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f
sfo{ ug{sf] nflu cfof]hgfn] hDdf ¿= 5 s/f]8 bz nfv krf; xhf/ ;ft ;o pglGt; -^!,)%),&@(_
¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 .
o; cfof]hgfsf] Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf] pkfox¿sf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L k|:tfjssf] x'g]5 . k|:tfljt
Go"gLs/0f pkfox¿ nfu" ug{] lhDd]jf/L cfof]hgf Joj:yfks / 7]sbf/sf] x'g]5 . k|:tfjsn] o; Go"gLs/0f
pkfo sfo{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos lj1x¿ s/f/df lng]5 . jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfo{fnodf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg PsfO{sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 .
(=jftfj/0fLo clej[l4 / ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qdf ljleGg lsl;dsf pkfox¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿ tof/
kfl/Psf] 5 h;dWo] :jf:Yo, lzIff, vfg]kfgLsf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{, ;8s, u|fld0f :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;an
agfpg ;xof]u ug]{, ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflnd, hghfltsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ ;xfos sfo{qmd ug]{ cflb /x]sf
5g\ . o;sf lglDt nfut vr{sf cltl/Qm s"n ¿= Ps s/f]8 5oxt/ nfv -!&,^)),)))_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 .
o;sf cltl/St cfof]hgfn] :yflgo :t/df kfg]{ ;sf/Tds k|efjx¿ clej[l4sf nflu ltg s/f]8 klRr;
nfv -#,@%),)))_ 5'§ofPsf] 5 .
!)= jftfj/0fLo cg'udg
cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f / ;~rfngaf6 :yfgLo:t/sf] jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|lts"n k|efjx¿nfO{ cfof]hgfn]
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ug]{5 .
Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 5}g eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{sf lglDt jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg
of]hgfnfO{ cfof]hgfs} c+usf] ¿kdf ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] sf/0fn] :yfgLo :t/sf] ef}lts,
/f;folgs, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF+:s[lts If]qdf k/]sf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ x6fpg] jf
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
ix
Go"gLs/0f ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L cfof]hgfsf] g} x'g]5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg cWoogn] k|:tfj u/]sf]
jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf k|:tfjs / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu
cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, phf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;+rfO{ dGqfno,
s+rghª\3f ;/+If0f If]q, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, l8lehg jg sfof{no, ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf, j8f sfof{no,
lgb]{zg lbg] k|fljlws 6f]nL tyf lgdf{0f 7]s]bf/x¿ cflb /xg] 5g\ . o;sf nflu cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg PsfO{n]
ljleGg pk–PsfO{x¿ v8f u/L cfjZos dfgjLo ;+zfwgsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgn] l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/ Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿ cjnDag u/] gu/]sf]
cg'udg ug{ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg] s'/fx¿df /fo lngsf lglDt cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo
Joj:yfkg PsfO{ v8f ul/g]5 . cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f r/0fdf cfof]hgf sfof{non] :yfgLo hg;d'bfo / cGo
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;Dks{, ;+jfb, 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ ljdz{x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fpg]5 . o; afx]s
jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg sfo{fnon] jftfj/0fLo k|efj klxrfg ug{ lglb{i6 ;"rsf+sx¿sf] lglb{i6 :yfgx¿df,
lglb{i6 ;dofjlwdf cg'udg ug]{5 . jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg PsfO{n] o;sf cltl/Qm cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg
r/0fdf cjnDag ul/g] pkfox¿df jftfj/0fLo dfkb08sf] k|of]u u/] gu/]sf] klg cg'udg ug]{5 .
jftfj/0fLo cg'udgdf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] lbPsf ;'emfjx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfof]hgfn] cfjZos
kxn ug]{5 .
cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] b'O{ jif{kl5 jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf] jftfj/0f ljefun] cfof]hgfsf]
jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug]{5 .
cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] lglDt nfUg] vr{ ;tf;L nfv -*,&)),)))_ ¿k}ofF tyf jftfj/0fLo
k/LIf0fsf lglDt nfUg] vr{ bz nfv -!,))),)))_ ¿k}ofF cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] dflysf ;a} vr{
;dfj]z u/L jftfj/0fLo vr{ t]x| s/f]8 rpGg nfv pGg;f7L xhf/ rf/ ;o pGgrf; -!#%,$%(,$$(_
¿k}ofF 5'§ofPsf] 5 / of] cfof]hgfsf] s"n cfwf/e"t nfut ¿=b'O{ ca{ t]lTt; s/f]8 krf;L nfv c;L xhf/
-@,##*,%*),)))_ ¿k}ofsf] %=&( Ü x'g cfpF5.
!!=lgisif{
klxrfg ul/Psf clwsf+z gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ of]Uo xb;Dd Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf
lglDt o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfljt Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] k"0f{ ¿kdf cjnDag ul/g'k5{ . o;sf ;fy} o;
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt ;'emfj tyf pkfox¿ ;du| k|efljt a:tL, ;d'bfo, tyf :yfgLox¿sf] hLjg:t/
psf:gdf ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . oL ;Gbe{x¿nfO{ x]bf{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg cWoogn] lgb]{zg u/] cg'¿ksf]
jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf pNn]lvt ljleGg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{ zt{df cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfng
:jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION
The proponent of the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project (SKKHP) is Hilton Hydro
Energy Pvt. Ltd. The contact address of proponent is as follows:
Name: Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.
Address: Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone No: 016911637, 9851220305
Email: [email protected]
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project area is located in wards 6, 7, 8 of
Sirijangha Rural Municipality of Taplejung district of Province 1 of Nepal.
Geographically the project area lies between the latitudes of between latitudes of 27°25'09"
N to 27°27'24" N and longitudes of 87°52'33" E to 87°55'09" E. Super Kabeli Khola Hydro
Power Project (SKKHPP) is run-of- River (RoR) type project with installed capacity of 12
MW. The available gross head of 259 m and design discharge of 5.9 m3/s. The total saleable
energy is estimated 69.24 GWh with 20.78 GWh at dry months of year and 48.46 GWh at wet
months of the year. This project comprises of Headworks, Settling basin, Headrace tunnel,
Surge shaft, Powerhouse and Tailrace. The generated power can be evacuated to the proposed
NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station through 132 kV single circuit transmission line
which is about 18 km away from the proposed powerhouse.
Main Features of proposed project:
S.N. Features Description
1 General
Name of the Project Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
Type of the Project Run-off River (RoR)
River Kabeli Khola
Nearest Town Phidim
2 Location
Rural municipality Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward no. 8, 7,6
District Taplejung
Province Province no.1
Longitude 87°52'33" E - 87°55'09" E
Latitude 27°25'09" N - 27°27'24" N
3 Hydrology
Catchment Area 162.05 km2
Design Discharge (Q 44.6 %) 5.9 m3/s
4 Headworks
Type of Weir Free flow rock chute dam
Crest Length of Wier 60 m
Crest Elevation 1703.00 m amsl
5 Approach Culvert
Type of Approach Culvert Rectangular Box Culvert
Length 49 m
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Size 2.0 m x 2.0 m
6 Settling Basin
Type Concrete, Double Bay Duffer
No of Chamber 2
Size 56 m x 7 m x 5.1 m each
7 Waterways (Headrace
Pipe)
Type Headrace pipe, circular
Diameter 1.6 m (internal)
Length 3390 m
8 Headrace Tunnel
Shape Inverted U-shaped
Tunnel Size 2.8 m x 3.5 m
Length 1504 m
9 Surge Shaft
Type Circular, Vertical
Diameter 6.0 m
Height 50.0 m
10 Penstock Pipe
Type Steel Pipe
Internal Diameter 1.6 m
Length 368 m
11 Power House
Type Surface
Size 38 m x 14 m x 19 m
Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 m amsl
12 Tail-Race Canal
Type Box Culvert
Length 45 m
13 Turbine
Efficiency 90%
Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl
Net Head 244.24 m
14 Governor
Type Solid state, PID control
Adjustment for Speed Drop Between 0 to 10%
15 Generator
Type Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous
Rated Capacity 7.06 MVA
Voltage 11 kV
16 Transformer
Type Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase
Rated Capacity 8 MVA
Number 2
Efficiency 99%
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
xii
3. STUDY METHODOLOGY
The study methodologies include desk study, field study and impact identification through
impact assessment matrix. The desk study includes the review of literatures, feasibility report
of the project and EIA reports of similar projects. The prevailing plans, policies, acts, rules,
regulations, guidelines etc. have been cited while preparing this EIA report.
Most of the physical environmental impacts or issues were identified and evaluated on
observation. Water samples were analysed and expert interpretation were carried out. Physical
data on landslide, slope instability were analysed based on field visit and interpretation.
Geological and Geo-morphological data was analysed based on the feasibility survey. For
vegetation analysis, the quantitative data analyzed from total enumeration of tree of the study
area.
Various related demographic data of Taplejung and project affected Rural Municipality and
ward published from Central Bureau of Statistics were also used as secondary data for
preparing this EIA report. Focused group discussion and interview of local resource persons,
wards and other concerns officials, representatives and others were carried out for EIA.
Similarly, questionnaire survey was also done among project affected families. Public hearing
was organized on 2076 Asoj 5 in ward 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality and recommendation
letter with comment and suggestion also has been prepared. In addition, a team of expert was
involved in collection of various physio-chemical, biological and Socio-economic and cultural
data needed for the EIA study.
17 Transmission Line and
Grid
Voltage Level 132 kV, single circuit
From Switchyard of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
To NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station
19 Construction Period 3 years
20 Power and Energy
Gross Head 259 m
Net Head 244.24 m
21 Installed Capacity 12 MW
22 Estimated Annual Saleable
Energy
69.24 GWh
Dry 20.78 GWh
Wet 48.46 GWh
23 Financial Indicator:
B/C ratio 1.35
IRR 14.73%
ROE 19.58%
Project Cost 2338.58 million NPR
Project Cost per kW 1804 USD/kW
24 Construction Period 3 Years
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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4. STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENT
EIA for hydropower project is mandatory, if any hydropower of installed capacity of more than
50 MW and if lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area, as per
EPR, 2077. Similarly, as per EPR, 2077, Schedule 3, Section 1 and sub-section 9, if the project
use more than 5 ha forest area, EIA is necessary and approval from MoFE is necessary.
There is no clear provision in EPR 2077 for the project for the project with installed capacity
more than 10 MW to 50 MW if project lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest
Conservation Area. Therefore, this EIA has been prepared inspite of the policy confusion as
the project required EIA or IEE even though the project lies in Kanchangha Conservation Area
(KCA). This EIA report is sufficient even if the project requires only IEE in the future in terms
of coverage of environmental issues and mitigation. The EIA report will be approved by
Ministry of Forests and Environment. The MOFE has already granted permission for
conducting EIA study and Scoping and TOR has been already approved.
5. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF THE PROJECT AREA
5.1 Physical Environment
The project elevation ranges from 1703 to 1444 m amsl. Most of the terrain is either covered
by dense to medium dense vegetation or is terraced farmed. Data from the nearest
meteorological station at Taplejung, reveals the temperature varying between maximum of
26.8ºC to a minimum of 2.6ºC. The mean annual precipitation over the SKKEP catchment is
estimated to be 1500 mm.
The proposed project area belongs to the rocks of the Higher Himalaya. The predominant rock
type in the proposed project area is quartzite. The predominant rock types in the head works
site are quartzite and intercalated bands of mica schist.
5.2 Biological Environment
The project area belongs to sub-tropical climatic zone. The project area lies in Kanchenjunga
Conservation area. The altitude of the project site varies from 1703 to 1444 m from mean seal
level. The main tree species found in the project area Aaru (Prunus persica), Angeri (Lyonia
ovalifolia), Asare (Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus
anacardicum), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus
neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis (Leucoseptrum canum), Guras
(Rhododendron arboreum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminata), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo
(Wendlandia puberlua), Katus (Castanopsis tribuloides), Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath
(Swidaob longaa), Malato (Macaranga pustulata), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro
(Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta (Brassasopsis mitis), Salla (Pinus
roxburghii), Siris (Albizia sp.), Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum) and Utis (Alnus nepalensis).
Among the agricultural crops grown in the village settlements, some of them are :- Makai (Zea
mays), Gahun (Triticum aestivum), Phapar (Fagopyrum esculentum), Gahat (Dolichos
biflorus), Maas (Phaseolus mungo), Kerau (Pisum sativum), Bodi (Vigna sinensis), Ghiraula
(Luffa cylindrica), Chichindo (Trichosanthes dioca), Kankro (Cucumis sativum), Tite Karela
(Momordica charantia), Bhanta (Solanum melongena), Rayo ko Sag (Brassica juncea), Aloo
(Solanum tuberosum), Banda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Kauli (Brassica oleracea var.
botrytes), Simi (Phaseolus vulgaris), Golbhenda (Lycopersicon esculentum), Pyaj (Allium
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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cepa), Lasun (Allium sativum), Aduwa (Zinziber officinale), Ukhu (Saccharum officinarum),
Besar (Curcuma domestica), etc.
Some of the common mammalian species reported from the region are: Red Panda (Ailurus
fulgens), Himalayan Striped Squirrel (Tamiops macclellandi), Red Giant Flying Squirrel
(Petaurista petaurista), House Rat (Rattus rattus), Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix porcupine),
Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis), Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes
auropunctatus), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), Rhesus
Macaque (Macaca mulatta), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Common Goral
(Naemorhedus goral), etc.
Similarly, the common reptiles reported from the project area include Asiatic rat snake (Ptyas
mucosa); Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus); White-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus
albolabris); Kramer's pit viper (Trimeresurus septentrionalis), Sikkim skink (Asymblepharus
sikimmensis). Some of the common amphibians reported by the people of the KCA include
Common Asian toad (Bufo melanostictus); Meghalaya stream frog (Amolops marmoratus);
skittering frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis).
Furthermore, the common birds sighted from the project area include Kaag (Corvus splendens),
Kaaliz (Lophura leucomelama), Dhukur (Streptopelia chinensis), Daangre (Acridotheres
tristis), Laampuchchhre (Cissa erythrorhyncha), etc.
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) and Faketa (Barilius bendelisis), are the major fish fauna
present in project area. Fishes found in project area are mid-range migratory and short range
migratory fish species.
5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project
affected district, i.e. Taplejung, is 127,461 with male 60,552 and female 66,909 with the
average sex ratio of 90.5 and the total households of 26,509; the average household size is
4.81.
The project area covers Sirijungha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8 of Taplejung district.
According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project-affected
Rural Municipality is 15,806 with male 7,482 and female 8,324. Similarly, the total households
in the project-affected Rural Municipality is 3,227.
According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project-affected
ward is 931 with male 2169 and female 2387. 25 HHs will be affected by project comprising
total of 127 population with 70 male and 57 female.
Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not anticipated
with this project. Kabeli khola is not used for any proposes of water mill or micro hydro
or irrigation canal or cremation site or drinking purpose within the dewatered stretch.
6. Environmental Impacts
A. Beneficial Impacts
Employment opportunity is given to 300 people during peak construction phase. 20 people will
be employed in operation phase. The development of the Hydroelectric Project accelerates in
developing economic condition of the whole country. In the proposed Project the net energy
generation will be 69.24 GWh. Apart from the direct benefit of generating hydroelectricity, the
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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project will have number of other indirect benefits during the construction stage as well as
operational stage.
B. Adverse Impacts
6.1 Physical Environmental Impacts
The key identified adverse physical environmental impacts in the project area are changes in
land use.
Required Land:
S. N Land type Gov. Pvt Total
KCA Barren RFP Subtotal
1 Permanent 1.83 0.3 2.13 8.15 10.28
2 Temporary 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.35
Total 1.83 0 0.5 2.33 8.3 10.63
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.
In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will
be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land.
Impact on water quality due to leakage of fuel, grease and other liquid materials, impact on
noise level, land stability erosion and sedimentation, natural drainages, groundwater and
springs, minerals, changes in topography, etc. Impacts due to Construction of different project
components include impact on natural drainages due to canal crossing, operation of quarry
sites, stockpiling of construction materials and disposal of spoils, loss of top soil during
restoration, etc. Likewise, impact in micro-climate in the dewatered section, changes in river
hydrology and river flow, noise and vibration in powerhouse area, changes in water quality due
to reduced flow, leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals, etc. are the impacts during the
operation phase.
6.2 Biological Environmental Impacts
The key identified adverse biological environmental impacts in the kanchanjunga conservation
area are due to cutting down of 500 trees (pole 124 and tree 376). Project will require 2.33 ha
of land from KCA (Permanent-2.13 ha and Temporary Land 0.2 ha). All those Government
Land is under the management of KCA. Due to the increase in vehicular movement animals
migrate in search of another habitat. Also it affects the habitat and migratory animals and birds.
Due to the operation of road and other construction vehicles, wildlife and birds along the
alignment will be disturbed and they may temporarily migrate away. Other impacts include
disturbance to the habitats of wildlife, disturbance to the aquatic habitats, etc. Operation phase
impacts include impact on terrestrial wildlife and aquatic wildlife due to sudden release of
water from the dam.
6.3 Socioeconomic & cultural environmental Impacts
Due to acquisition land (8.15 ha permanently and 0.15 ha temporarily) 25 HHs will be affected.
Construction phase impacts include occupational safety and health, impact on the locals in the
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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dewatered zone, increase in the pressure to the social service facilities, impact to the socially
disadvantageous groups.The project induced economic activities during the construction phase
will end with the completion of construction phase of the project. Significant number of
workforces will lose the project job, and only few staff will remain during the operation phase.
The withdrawal of economic activities will drastically reduce the demand for local agricultural,
dairy and meat products resulting reduced income of the local communities of the area. This
boom and bust effects of the project will also have some impacts on the lifestyle of the local
people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.
6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
Easily available and cost effective technologies are proposed to be used to avoid/ minimize the
environmental degradation. The project site has been selected based on accessibility, river
discharge, its head and minimum impact on the environment. Both the banks were studied for
project structures to minimize the adverse impacts. Current situation of power crisis in the
country urges for rapid expansion of power projects.
7. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
7.1 Physical and chemical Environment
The permanent land acquisition will be minimized to the extent as possible. Bioengineering
will be done to stabilize land. All possible and active landslides which may be induced due to
the project activities will be identified and considered for treatment. The top soil from the
excavated places will be collected in one location and reused after the completion of project
work. The topsoil will be stockpiled and covered by plastic.
The main stockpiling of construction material will be carried out at barren land and / or unused
land to prevent any impact on forestland. Ear guards will be provided to the construction
workers involved in noise prone activities. Management of waste and spoil, provision of toilets
and septic tanks will be made in all camps. The area used for the storage of the construction
material will be fenced and entry of unauthorized person will be prohibited. Regular
maintenance of project vehicles and equipment will be carried out. Use of pressure horns by
the project related vehicles will be minimized in the project area to minimize the impact of
noise pollution. Water spraying will be carried out in all the gravel and earthen roads within
the project area two times in a day for nine months in one year to minimize the impacts of dust
and air pollution. These are some of the mitigation measures, including others, to be carried
out for physical and chemical environments during construction phase of the project.
To minimize the impact on microclimate mandatory release of 10% of the average monthly
flow from the weir axis will be made; siren system will be installed for warning or informing
people of the downstream before sudden release of water.
Project has proposed to mitigate the physical impacts right from the design phase. Most of the
mitigation measures are incorporated in civil design with cost. Project has allocated NRs.
3,000,000 for the mitigation of adverse impacts on physical and chemical environments.
8.2 Biological Environment
Compensatory plantation at 1:25 ratio for 500 trees greater than 10 cm DBH cleared will be
done for which 12,500 seedlings will be planted. In addition, 3,728 seedlings (1600 /ha
seedling) will be planted for permanently using 2.33 ha of national forest. The project will bear
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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all the cost for plantation and rearing them for 5 years, after which project will hand over the
planted trees to concerned organization. Project has allocated NRs. 15,008,725 for land
purchase for the replacement for using 2.33 ha (2.13 ha permanent and 0.2 ha temporary)
government land. In addition, the enhanced plantation in barren land and exposed slope and
to riverbank protection, bioengineering on the exposed slope and maintenance of sustainability
in the project area are the main mitigation measures. The project will use blasting works in
daytime only, when needed. Slope management and protection will be also done.
Various awareness programs, IEC materials, hoarding boards, forest fire management, as
minimum as possible disturbances to wild lives and forest sources and prevention and
controlling of encroachment and illegal collection of forest sources are also mitigation
measures included for minimizing the biological impacts. The project will also ensure the
protection of habitat of wildlife, prevention of sudden release of water and use of siren in case
of emergency and during sudden release of water are some of the mitigation measures proposed
during operation phase. Project has allocated NRs. 40,858,720 for the mitigation of adverse
impacts on biological environment.
8.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
The major mitigation measures proposed to cope with the identified impacts on socio-economic
environments are lease payment to the temporarily acquired agricultural land and lease of
government land. The compensation cost for using 8.15 ha of permanent land is NRs
55,175,000 and for leasing 0.15 ha land is NRs 97,500.
The Project Contractor will provide Personal Protective Equipment such as hardhat, eyeglasses,
safety boot, safety belt, gloves, firefighting accessories, caution signals and other safety
equipment as required at particular sites and work areas to minimize the impact on occupational
safety and health. Siren will be blown prior to the blasting activities and red flag will be placed
in the blasting spot. Safety training will be carried out and any loss of life or injury will be
compensated as per prevailing rules. The Project Contractor will make available the labors with
potable drinking water, clean toilets with adequate water facilities. Toilets will be made in
temporary camps at the rate of one toilet for 15 people. First aid kits will be in ready to use
condition for preliminary treatment.
The workers will be instructed to deal in responsible manners during and after the working
hours, respecting the rights, property and practices of the local people. Priority will be given to
the local people in project works.
A package of enhancement measures will be launched to minimize the impact of sudden
declining economic activities which started during the construction phase. Employment
priority will be given to local people during operation phase also. Project has allocated NRs.
61,050,729 for the mitigation of socio-economic and cultural environment.
The proponent will have prime responsibility for the implementation of proposed mitigation
measures. Project Contractor will be responsible for the implementation of proposed mitigation
measures. Proponent will hire necessary experts for the implementation of mitigation measures
mentioned above. An environment management unit will be established at the Project
Managers Office for implementation of environmental mitigation measures.
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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8. ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND COMMUNITY SUPPORT
PROGRAM
Various sensitive mitigation measures have been designed from among most of the alternative
mitigation options to minimize the adverse environmental effects and also by maximizing the
beneficial ones. The enhancement programs in the affected area include education support,
health care facility support, drinking water supply support, upgrading and establishment of road
development, infrastructures support, etc. Project has proposed NRS. 17,600,000 for CSP and
NRs. 3,250,000 for various beneficial activities.
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
To ensure implementation of the mitigation measures and to assure that the project construction
and operation do not degrade the environmental quality of the project-affected areas, an
environmental management plan has been structured as a part of the project. The proponent of
the project has the prime responsibility for the implementation of the environmental
management plan in co-ordination with the other project stakeholders, which include MoFE,
MoEWRI, DoED, KCA, DFO, Rural Municipality, NGOs, Local Concern Committees, local
people and representatives of local CBOs, supervising engineers, and the project contractors.
To ensure that the EIA recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are duly
carried out and disseminated to the stakeholders for feedback and improvement, the Project
will establish an Environmental Management Office and it will be managed by the qualified
environmental experts, whose sole responsibility will be to monitor the implementation of the
environmental mitigation measures and direct project supervising engineers through project
management office for needed action and coordination.
Besides, the environmental management office will regularly liaise with the local communities
and other project stakeholders with regard to the concerned environmental matters. Apart from
this, the project management office will regularly monitor the environmental indicators at
specified locations with an objective to identify any unforeseen environmental effects of the
project and regularly suggest the project management and the stakeholders for the
implementation of corrective actions, if needed, to make the project environment friendly. The
MoFE will carry out an environmental audit of project after two years of the project operation.
The estimated cost for the environmental monitoring will be NRs 8,700,000 for 30 years. The
cost required for the environmental auditing will be NRs 1,000,000. Total environmental cost
required for the project will be NRs 135,459,449, which will be 5.79 % of the total project cost
i.e. NRs. 2,338,580,000.
10. CONCLUSION
All of the identified and perceived impacts can be mitigated and minimized to acceptable level.
The prescribed cost effective and practical mitigation measures need to be accomplished. The
environmental enhancement measures proposed for implementation by the project targeting
the affected communities will help upgrade the quality of life of the affected communities. In
view of the above considerations, it is recommended that the project can be given development
licensing in conditions that the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures will be
implemented as per the Environmental Management Plan prescribed in this EIA report.
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z.............................................................................................................................. i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... xix
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................... xxviii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................ xxix
LIST OF ANNEX ............................................................................................................... xxxii
ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ............................................................................. xxxiii
CHAPTER: I ............................................................................................................................ 1
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Agency Responsible for Preparing EIA report ........................................................... 1
1.2.1 The Proponent ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Organization Responsible for Preparing Report .................................................. 2
1.3 Time Schedule ............................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Objectives of EIA Study ............................................................................................. 3
1.5 Rationality of Conducting EIA Study ......................................................................... 4
1.6 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER: II........................................................................................................................... 5
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................... 5
2.1 Project description and location .................................................................................. 5
2.2 Project Location .......................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Project Accessibility .................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Description and salient features of the Project .......................................................... 10
2.5 Project Description .................................................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Headworks site ................................................................................................... 13
2.5.2 Surge Shaft ......................................................................................................... 14
2.5.3 Penstock Pipe ..................................................................................................... 14
2.5.4 Powerhouse ........................................................................................................ 15
2.5.5 Tailrace Canal .................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Electromechanical Equipment................................................................................... 15
2.7 Electrical Equipment ................................................................................................. 16
2.8 Internal Access Road ..................................................................................................... 17
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2.9 Transmission Line .......................................................................................................... 17
2.10 Construction Planning .................................................................................................. 18
2.10.2 Contract Packaging ............................................................................................ 18
2.10.3 Construction Power ............................................................................................... 18
2.11 Land Requirement ........................................................................................................ 19
2.12 Construction Materials .......................................................................................... 21
2.10.1 Key Project Activities ........................................................................................ 22
2.13 Quarry and Borrow Pits ......................................................................................... 23
2.14 Land Clearance Excavation and Cut-fill Works .................................................... 23
2.15 Disposal Sites for Excavated Materials ................................................................. 24
2.16 Construction Camps and Office ............................................................................ 25
2.17 Construction Yard, Parking and Stock Piling of Construction Materials.............. 25
2.18 Crusher and Batching Plant .................................................................................. 25
2.19 Construction Human Resources ............................................................................ 26
2.20 Project Area Delineation ....................................................................................... 26
2.20.1 Core Project Area ............................................................................................... 27
2.20.2 Surrounding Area ............................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER: III ....................................................................................................................... 30
3 EIA Study Methodology ................................................................................................ 30
3.1 Desk Study ................................................................................................................ 30
3.2 Field Study ................................................................................................................ 31
3.2.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................ 31
3.2.2 Biological Environments ................................................................................... 32
3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ....................................................... 33
3.3 Data Collection Procedure ........................................................................................ 34
3.3.1 Literature Review............................................................................................... 35
3.3.2 Field Study and Site Inspection ......................................................................... 36
3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation ............................................................................... 39
3.4.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................ 39
3.4.2 Biological Environment ..................................................................................... 39
3.4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ....................................................... 42
3.5 Public Consultation and Involvement ....................................................................... 43
3.6 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation ...................................................... 46
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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3.6.1 Significance of Impacts...................................................................................... 46
3.6.2 3.6.2 Extent of Impacts ...................................................................................... 46
3.6.3 Duration of Impacts ........................................................................................... 46
3.7 Public Hearing and Consultation .............................................................................. 47
3.7.1 Issues and concerns shown by the stakeholders in response to the Public Hearing
and interaction meetings .................................................................................................. 48
CHAPTER: IV ....................................................................................................................... 49
4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ........................................................ 49
4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 49
4.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................ 49
4.1.2 Catchment characteristics .................................................................................. 49
4.1.3 Climate ............................................................................................................... 50
4.1.4 Hydrology .......................................................................................................... 51
4.1.5 Geology .............................................................................................................. 56
4.1.6 Soil Type ............................................................................................................ 63
4.1.7 Air Quality ......................................................................................................... 63
4.1.8 Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 63
4.1.9 Noise Level ........................................................................................................ 64
4.1.10 Existing Solid Waste Management in the Project area ...................................... 65
4.1.11 Land Use ............................................................................................................ 65
4.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 66
4.2.1 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) ......................................................... 66
4.2.2 Vegetation and plant species .............................................................................. 70
4.2.3 Non Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plant ............................................. 74
4.2.4 Agro-forestry of the Area ................................................................................... 75
4.2.5 Wildlife .............................................................................................................. 76
4.2.6 Forest Resources and Management ................................................................... 79
4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment .............................................................. 80
4.3.1 Project Affected district ..................................................................................... 80
4.3.2 Project affected Rural Municipality ................................................................... 80
4.3.3 Distribution of population and HHs of Affected wards ..................................... 86
4.3.4 Description of Project Affected Families (PAFs) .............................................. 86
4.3.5 Major settlement at project area ......................................................................... 88
4.3.6 Religious Sites and Ghats .................................................................................. 89
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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4.3.7 Drinking Water Sources ..................................................................................... 89
4.3.8 Transportation .................................................................................................... 90
4.3.9 Occupation ......................................................................................................... 90
4.3.10 Trade and Commerce ......................................................................................... 90
4.3.11 Industry .............................................................................................................. 90
4.3.12 Tourism .............................................................................................................. 91
4.3.13 Other Infrastructures along the Proximity of the Project ................................... 91
4.3.14 Water use rights ................................................................................................. 91
4.3.15 Existing and Planned Project in the Vicinity ..................................................... 92
CHAPTER: V ......................................................................................................................... 93
5 Environmental Impacts ................................................................................................. 93
5.1 Beneficial Impacts ..................................................................................................... 93
5.1.1 Construction Stage ............................................................................................. 93
5.1.2 Operation Stage .................................................................................................. 95
5.2 Adverse impacts ........................................................................................................ 98
5.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment ................................................................. 98
5.2.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................... 108
5.2.3 Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment ......................................................... 119
CHAPTER: VI ..................................................................................................................... 149
6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 149
6.1 Implementation of SKKHP vs Thermal Power versus Wind Power versus Solar Power
versus Atomic Power ......................................................................................................... 149
6.2 Technologies, Implementation Procedure Schedule and Raw Material ................. 150
6.3 Location Alternatives .............................................................................................. 151
6.4 No Action Alternative ............................................................................................. 153
6.5 Alternative Analysis of Suitability of Fish Movement ........................................... 153
6.6 Operation Procedure ................................................................................................ 153
6.7 Acceptability of Risks during Project Implementation ........................................... 153
CHAPTER: VII .................................................................................................................... 155
7 MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................... 155
7.1 Beneficial Impact Enhancement measures .............................................................. 155
7.1.1 Construction Stage ........................................................................................... 155
7.1.2 Operation Phase ............................................................................................... 156
7.1.3 Summary of Required cost for the Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Measures
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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157
7.2 Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts .............................................................. 158
7.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment ............................................................... 158
7.2.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................... 170
7.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ..................................................... 180
CHAPTER: VIII .................................................................................................................. 212
8 Community Support Program .................................................................................... 212
8.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 212
8.1 Programs committed by the Project and allocation of Budgets .............................. 214
8.1.1 Support to Schools & Education ...................................................................... 214
8.1.2 Assistance for improvement of Health Facility ............................................... 214
8.1.3 Assistance for Safe Drinking Water Supply .................................................... 214
8.1.4 Assistance to the existing road improvement & new road construction within the
Project Rural Municipality ............................................................................................. 215
8.1.5 Assistance to the local trail and road improvement ......................................... 215
8.1.6 Agriculture Assistance Program ...................................................................... 215
8.1.7 Training related to livelihood improvement .................................................... 216
8.1.8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups ....................................... 216
8.1.9 Support to local community based organizations ............................................ 216
8.1.10 Other activities for community and infrastructure development ..................... 216
8.1.11 Project Share .................................................................................................... 216
8.2 Cost Summary of Community Support Program .................................................... 216
CHAPTER: IX ..................................................................................................................... 224
9 REVIEW OF RELEVANT POLICIES, ACTS, RULES, GUIDELINES AND
CONVENTIONS .................................................................................................................. 224
9.1 General .................................................................................................................... 224
9.2 Constitution ............................................................................................................. 224
9.2.1 Constitution of Nepal ....................................................................................... 224
9.3 Plan, Policies and Strategies.................................................................................... 225
9.3.1 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81 ........................................................... 225
9.3.2 National Environment Policy, 2076 ................................................................. 225
9.3.3 Hydropower Development Policy, 2058 .......................................................... 225
9.3.4 National Forest Policy, 2075............................................................................ 225
9.3.5 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, (2014-2020) ........................ 226
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9.3.6 National Water Plan, (2002- 2007) .................................................................. 226
9.3.7 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050 ....................................... 226
9.3.8 Forest Sector Strategy, (2016– 2025) .............................................................. 227
9.3.9 National Climate Change Policy, 2076 ............................................................ 227
9.3.10 Land Use Policy, 2072 ..................................................................................... 227
9.3.11 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2071 ................... 228
9.3.12 Nepal Water Resources Strategy, 2058 ........................................................... 228
9.3.13 National Energy Efficiency Strategy, 2075 ..................................................... 228
9.3.14 National Wetland Policy, 2069 ........................................................................ 228
9.4 Relevant Acts .......................................................................................................... 229
9.4.1 Environment Protection Act, 2076 .................................................................. 229
9.4.2 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039 ................................................... 229
9.4.3 Forest Act, 2049 ............................................................................................... 229
9.4.4 Forest Act, 2076 ............................................................................................... 229
9.4.5 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 ...................................... 230
9.4.6 Water Resources Act, 2049.............................................................................. 230
9.4.7 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, (2017) ........................................................... 230
9.4.8 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 ............................................................................. 230
9.4.9 Ancient Monument Protection Act, 2013 ........................................................ 231
9.4.10 Local Government Operation Act, 2074 .......................................................... 231
9.4.11 Electricity Act, 2049 ........................................................................................ 231
9.4.12 Labour Act, 2074 ............................................................................................. 231
9.4.13 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 ...................................... 232
9.4.14 Plant Protection Act, 2064 ............................................................................... 232
9.4.15 Land Reform Act, 2021 ................................................................................... 232
9.4.16 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 ............................................................... 232
9.4.17 An act to Control and Regulate International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora, 2073........................................................................................... 232
9.4.18 Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074 ................................................ 233
9.4.19 Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074 ....................................... 233
9.4.20 Explosive Act, 2018 ......................................................................................... 233
9.4.21 Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 2074 ................................................ 233
9.4.22 Muluki Devyani Sahghita Ain, 2074 ............................................................... 234
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9.4.23 Land Use Act, 2076 ......................................................................................... 234
9.4.24 Consumer Protection Act, 2075 ....................................................................... 235
9.5 Relevant Rules and Regulations .............................................................................. 235
9.5.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077 ....................................................... 235
9.5.2 Forest Regulation, 2051 ................................................................................... 236
9.5.3 Electricity Regulation, 2050 ............................................................................ 236
9.5.4 Water Resources Regulation, 2050 .................................................................. 236
9.5.5 Solid Waste Management Regulation, 2070 .................................................... 236
9.5.6 Explosives Regulation, 2020 ........................................................................... 237
9.5.7 Labor Rule, 2075 ............................................................................................. 237
9.5.8 Contribution Based Social Security Regulation, 2075 .................................... 237
9.5.9 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Management Rules, 2064 ......................... 238
9.5.10 Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations, 2075 ................................... 238
9.5.11 Conservation Area Management Rules, 2053 ................................................. 238
9.5.12 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Rule, 2030 .................................... 239
9.6 Manuals and Guidelines .......................................................................................... 239
9.6.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 ....................... 239
9.6.2 Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, (2018) ................... 239
9.6.3 Manual for Conducting Public Hearings in the Environmental Impact
Assessment Process for Hydropower Projects, 2061 ..................................................... 240
9.6.4 Manual for Addressing Gender Issues in Environmental impact
Assessment/Initial Environmental examination for Hydropower Projects, 2062 .......... 240
9.6.5 Manual for Preparing Environmental management Plan (EMP) for Hydropower
Projects, 2059 ................................................................................................................. 240
9.6.6 Manual for Developing and Reviewing Water Quality Monitoring Plans and
Results for Hydropower Projects, 2059 ......................................................................... 240
9.6.7 Manual for Preparing Terms of References (TOR) for Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Projects, with Notes on EIA Report Preparation, 2058
240
9.6.8 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052 ....................................................... 241
9.6.9 Environmental Management Guidelines (Road), 2054 ................................... 241
9.6.10 Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073 ................ 241
9.6.11 Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National
Priority Projects, 2076 ................................................................................................... 241
9.6.12 National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development Decade (2016-
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2026) 242
9.6.13 Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandi Adesh, 2074 ..................................... 242
9.6.14 Guidelines on license of hydroelectric project, 2075 ....................................... 242
9.6.15 Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074 .............................. 242
9.7 International Convention ......................................................................................... 243
9.7.1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild
Fauna & Flora, (1973).................................................................................................... 243
9.7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992) .................................................... 243
9.7.3 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, (1989) ............................ 244
9.7.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1992) ........ 244
9.8 Environmental Standards ...................................................................................... 245
CHAPTER: X ....................................................................................................................... 249
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................ 249
10.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 249
10.2 Objectives of the EMP ......................................................................................... 249
10.3 Statutory Requirements ....................................................................................... 249
10.3.1 Environmental Legislation ............................................................................... 249
10.3.2 Environmental Standards ................................................................................. 250
10.3.3 Environmental Permits and Approvals ............................................................ 250
10.4 Project Environmental Management Framework ................................................ 251
10.4.1 Project Environmental Management Plan Structure and Stakeholders
Responsibility ................................................................................................................ 251
10.4.2 Project's Environmental Management Office .................................................. 256
10.4.3 Administrative and Management Cost for ESU .............................................. 258
10.5 Complain Handling and Grievance Redress ........................................................ 258
10.5.1 Complain Handling .......................................................................................... 259
10.5.2 Grievance and Redress Measures .................................................................... 259
10.6 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan...................................................... 277
10.7 Environmental Monitoring Management Plan .................................................... 287
10.8 Records, Reporting and Corrective Actions ........................................................ 310
10.9 Environmental Audit ........................................................................................... 311
CHAPTER: XI ..................................................................................................................... 314
11 PROJECT'S ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND COSTS ............................................. 314
11.1 Economic Benefit of SKKHP in the National Context ....................................... 314
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11.1.1 Direct Revenue Generation .............................................................................. 314
11.1.2 Other Project Benefits ...................................................................................... 314
11.2 Project Costs ........................................................................................................ 315
11.2.1 Resource Loss .................................................................................................. 315
11.2.2 Environmental Mitigation. Monitoring and Environmental Enhancement Costs
316
CHAPTER: XII .................................................................................................................... 317
12 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 317
References ............................................................................................................................. 320
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LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1: Project location in Map of Nepal ............................................................................ 6
Figure 2.2: Project location in map of Taplejung district .......................................................... 7
Figure 2.3: Google Image of project area .................................................................................. 8
Figure 2.4: Access road condition to Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project ....................... 9
Figure 2.5: Map of Project Affected Rural Municipality ........................................................ 29
Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for EIA Methodology ......................................................................... 35
Figure 4.1: Google Earth image of catchment area ................................................................. 50
Figure 4.3: Hydrograph of mean monthly flows from different methods ............................... 52
Figure 4.4: Flow Duration Curve ............................................................................................. 53
Figure 4.5: Logarithmic chart of different return period floods at intake site ......................... 54
Figure 4.6: Geological map of Nepal showing project location ............................................. 57
Figure 4.7: Regional Geological Map ...................................................................................... 58
Figure 4.8: Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map showing project area ...................................... 61
Figure 4.9: Epicenter map of Nepal ......................................................................................... 62
Figure 4.10 : Figure showing project location in map of protected area of Nepal .................. 68
Figure 4.11: Project area on map of KCA ............................................................................... 69
Figure 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project ...................... 152
Figure 10.1: Project Management Plan Structure in design phase ........................................ 252
Figure 10.2: Project Management Plan Structure in Construction Phase ......................... 252
Figure 10.3: Project Management Plan Structure in Project Operation Phase ................ 253
Figure 10.4: Organization Framework of ESU ................................................................... 257
Figure 10.5: Organization Framework for ESISU .............................................................. 258
Figure 10.6: Organization Chart for ESMSU ..................................................................... 258
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LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1: Study Team for the EIA Study of SKKHP ............................................................... 2
Table 1.2: EIA Time Schedule................................................................................................... 3
Table 2.1: Project Location ........................................................................................................ 5
Table 2.2: Access to the project site ........................................................................................ 10
Table 2.3: Salient features of SKKHPP, 12 MW..................................................................... 10
Table 2.4: Generator data for Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project ................................. 16
Table 2.5: Technical specification of Power Transformer for SKKHPP ................................. 16
Table 2.6: DG sets required for the Project ............................................................................ 19
Table 2.7: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHPP ...... 20
Table 2.8: Summary of land requirement ................................................................................ 21
Table 2.9: Construction materials requirement for SKKHPP .................................................. 22
Table 2.10: Key Activities of the project ................................................................................. 22
Table 2.12: Project facilities Location with Coordinates ......................................................... 26
Table 2.13: Project Area Delineation....................................................................................... 27
Table 3.1: Target Groups for Socio-Economic and Cultural Data Collection ......................... 38
Table 3.2: Stand size classifications ........................................................................................ 40
Table 3.3: Summary of local consultation ............................................................................... 45
Table 3.4: Categorization of magnitude, extent and duration .................................................. 47
Table 3.5: Categorization of Significance of Impacts ............................................................. 47
Table 4.1: Precipitation and elevation of different stations ..................................................... 50
Table 4.2: Comparison table for mean monthly flows ............................................................ 51
Table 4.3: Time Exceedence of Discharges at Dam site ......................................................... 53
Table 4.4: Different return period floods at intake site, m3/s .................................................. 54
Table 4.5: Low flow estimation at proposed intake using HYDEST and DHM-2004 method
.................................................................................................................................................. 55
Table 4.7: Monthly flow, Environment flow and Plant flow ................................................... 56
Table 4.8: Measurement of Air Quality ................................................................................... 63
Table 4.9: Result of Water Quality Analysis ........................................................................... 64
Table 4.10: Value of Recorded Sound level (Leq) .................................................................. 64
Table 4.11: Land use pattern of Taplejung district .................................................................. 65
Table 4.12: Recorded tree species from project region ........................................................... 72
Table 4.13: Different herbs and shrubs found in project area.................................................. 72
Table 4.14: NTFPs and Medicinal Plants that are expected to be cleared from project site ... 74
Table 4.15: List of mammals in project area ........................................................................... 76
Table 4.16: Bird Species recorded along the project area ....................................................... 77
Table 4.17: Herpeto-fauna of the Project Region .................................................................... 78
Table 4.18: Fish Species of Project Area ................................................................................. 79
Table 4.19: Demography of Taplejung district ........................................................................ 80
Table 4.20: Population and Households for Project Affected Rural Municipality .................. 81
Table 4.21: Age group population distribution of Project Affected Rural Municipality ......... 82
Table 4.22: Economically Active Population of Project Affected Rural Municipality ........... 83
Table 4.23: Population distribution by caste of project Affected Rural Municipality............. 83
Table 4.24: Distribution of Population by Mother tongue in Project Affected Rural
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Municipality ............................................................................................................................. 83
Table 4.25: Distribution of population by 5 years of age and over by literacy status ............. 84
Table 4.26: Distribution of population aged 5 - 25 years by school attendance and sex ......... 84
Table 4.27 ................................................................................................................................ 84
Table 4.29: Households using Source for Lighting ................................................................. 85
Table 4.30: Households by usual type of fuel used for cooking .............................................. 85
Table 4.31: Distribution of HHs showing access to main source of Drinking water .............. 86
Table 4.33: Demography of PAFs ........................................................................................... 87
Table 4.34: Education of PAFs ................................................................................................ 87
Table 4.35: Source of Drinking Water ..................................................................................... 87
Table 4.36: Energy for cooking ............................................................................................... 87
Table 4.37: Different sources of Energy of PAFs for lighting ................................................. 88
Table 4.38: Religion of PAFs ................................................................................................... 88
Table 4.39: Mode of Compensation......................................................................................... 88
Table 4.40: Willingness of PAFs for Compensation ............................................................... 88
Table 4.41: Project Affected Wards, Settlements and Households ......................................... 89
Table 4.42: Religious sites in project village .......................................................................... 89
Table 4.43: Crop Distribution .................................................................................................. 90
Table 4.44: Infrastructures in the project village ..................................................................... 91
Table 4.45: List of projects upstream/Downstream ................................................................. 92
Table 5.1: Loss of tree species and regeneration status ......................................................... 109
Table 5.2: Loss of tree species in different components of project ....................................... 109
Table 5.3: Loss of tree species in KCA ................................................................................. 111
Table 5.4: Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants ................................................................... 113
Table 5.5: Land leasing/acquisition cost of private land ....................................................... 119
Table 5.6: Impact Matrix ....................................................................................................... 126
Table 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project ....................... 152
Table 7.1: Enhancement cost for construction & operation phase ........................................ 158
Table 7.2: Cost associated with Afforestation Plan of the lost trees ..................................... 170
Table 7.3: Land Lease cost for Government Land ................................................................ 171
Table 7.4: Land Purchase Cost for Land to Land Replacement of Forest Area Used ........... 171
Table 7.5: Land acquisition cost of the permanent private land ............................................ 180
Table 7.6: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary) ........ 180
Table 7.7: Loss of standing crops .......................................................................................... 181
Table 7.8: Mitigation measures for SKKHP .......................................................................... 187
Table 8.1: Development Aspiration of the Local communities of the Project Area .............. 213
Table 8.3: Cost estimate for the assistance for the improvement of health facilities ............ 214
Table 8.4: Cost estimates for safe drinking water supply support ......................................... 215
Table 8.5: Cost Estimates for Rural Road Assistance ........................................................... 215
Table 8.6: Cost Summary for Community Support Programs ............................................... 216
Table 8.8: Issues raised in Public hearing and its incorporation ............................................ 223
Table 9.1: Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters ....................................... 245
Table 9.2: Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites
................................................................................................................................................ 246
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Table 9.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................................ 246
Table 9.4: Emissions Standards for ‘in-use’ Vehicles ........................................................... 247
Table 9.5: Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment .............................. 248
Table 9.6: National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012 ................................................ 248
Table 10.1: Permits and Approvals Required ........................................................................ 250
Table 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders .................................................. 253
Table 10.3: Environmental Management Action Plan Construction Phase ........................... 261
Table 10.4: Procedure for the implementation and incorporation of EIA and Environmental
Management Plan during Pre-construction Phase ................................................................. 278
Table 10.5: Disaster Risk Management Plan ......................................................................... 280
Table 10.6: Emergency Preparedness Management Plan ...................................................... 280
Table 10.7: Decommissioning plan of temporary facilities ................................................... 281
Table 10.9: Siren Management Plan ...................................................................................... 283
Table 10.10: Wildlife Management Plan for Red panda and Snow Leopard ........................ 283
Table 10.11: Explosive Handling Management Plan ............................................................ 285
Table 10.12: Afforestation Plan ............................................................................................. 285
Table 10.14: Baseline Monitoring Plan ................................................................................. 288
Table 10.15: Compliance Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and
Operation Phase ..................................................................................................................... 288
Table 10.16: Environmental Enhancement Plan Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction,
Post construction and Operation Phase .................................................................................. 304
Table 10.17: Impact Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and
Operation Phase ..................................................................................................................... 305
Table 10.18: Summary of Monitoring Cost ........................................................................... 310
Table 10.19: Audit Plan for the SKKHP ............................................................................... 311
Table 11.1: Details of the Costs Breakdowns ........................................................................ 316
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LIST OF ANNEX Annex I Legal Documents of the project
Annex II Topographic Map Layout
Annex III Project Construction Schedule
Annex IV Minutes of Group Discussion and Community Meeting
Annex V List of People attending Public Hearing
Annex VI Summary of Public Hearing
Annex VII Recommendation Letters
Annex VIII Land Requirement for the Project and Associated cost
Annex IX Loss of private land and List of PAF
Annex X Loss of Standing crops from private land
Annex XI Forest Tree Loss Information
Annex XII Power and Energy Balance and Environmental Balance Table
Annex XIII A Copy of approved TOR
Annex XIV Checklist of EIA study
Annex XV Declaration form
Annex XVI Related Photographs
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ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS 0C : Degree Celsius
AC : Alternating Current
ACB : Air Circuit Breakers
Alt : Alternative
amsl : Above Mean Sea level
B.S : Bikram Sambat
BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand
CAMC : Conservation Area Management Committee
CAR : Catchment Area Ratio
CBD : Convention on Biological Diversity
CBOs : Community Based Organizations
CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics
CC : Construction Contractor
CCR : Central Control Room
CF : Community Forest
CFC : Compensation Fixation Committee
CCFUGs : Conservation Community Forest User Groups
CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand
CSP : Community Support Program
Cum : Cubic meter
d/s : Down stream
DAO : District Administration Office
dBA : Decibel (A)
DBH : Diameter at Breast Height
DCC : District Co-ordination Committee
DFO : Division Forest Office
DHM : Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DHO : District Health Office
Dia : Diameter
DMG : Department of Mines and Geology
DNPWC : Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DoED : Department of Electricity Development
DoFSC : Department of Forests and Soil Conservation
EEC : Environmental Enhancement Committee
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
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EL : Elevation
EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan
EMP : Environment Management Plan
EPA : Environment Protection Act
EPR : Environment Protection Rules
ESISU : Environmental and Social Implementation Sub-Unit
ESMSU : Environmental and Social Monitoring Sub-Unit
ESU : Environmental and Social Unit
FDC : Flow Duration Curve
FSS : Forestry Sector Strategy
GLOF : Glacier Lake Outburst Flood
GoN : Government of Nepal
GPS : Global Positioning System
GRC : Grievance Redress Committee
GRM : Grievance and Redress Measures
GWh : Giga Watt Hour
H : Height
ha : Hectare
HFT : Himalayan Frontal Thrust
HHs : Households
HKH : Hindu Kush Himalaya
HPP : Hydropower Project
HSU : Hertridge Smoke Unit
ICIMOD : International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
ILO : International Labor Organization
INGO : International Non-Government Organization
INPS : Integrated Nepal Power System
IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature
KCA : Kanchenjunga Conservation Area
Km : Kilometer
kV : Kilovolt
Kw : Kilowatt
LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Ltd : Limited
m3/sec : Cubic meter per second
MAP : Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
masl : Meter Above Sea Level
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MBT : Main Boundary Thrust
MCT : Main Central Thrust
MFT : Main Frontal Thrust
mm : Millimeter
MoEWRI : Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
MoFE : Ministry of Forests and Environment
MoFSC : Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
MoPE : Ministry of Population and Environment
MoSTE : Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
MoWR : Ministry of Water Resources
MVA : Mega Volt Amperes
MW : Megawatt
N : North
NBSAP : National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan
NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority
NEDC : Nepal Environment and Development Consultant
NEPAP : Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan
NGOs : Non-government Organizations
NPC : National Planning Commission
NPWCA : National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act
NRs. : Nepalese Rupees
NTFPs : Non-Timber Forest Products
NTNC : National Trust for Nature Conservation
NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Units
NWP : National Water Plan
PAFs : Project Affected Families
PIC : Public Information Centre
PMO : Project Management Office
PPA : Power Purchase Agreement
PPE : Personal Protective Equipment
ppm : Parts per million
PRA : Participatory Rural Appraisal
Pvt : Private
RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete
RM : Rural Municipality
RMR : Rock Mass Rating
RoR : Run of river
SD : Scoping Document
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SE : Supervising Engineers
SPAFs : Severely Project Affected Families
sq : Square
SS : Site Specific
STDs : Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDS : South Tibetan Detachment System
SKKHP : Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
t : Ton
ToR : Terms of Reference
u/s : Up stream
UGs : User Groups
UN : United Nation
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USAID : United States Agency for International Development
VES : Visual Encounter Surveys
VHF : Very High Frequency
W : West
WECS : Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
WRA : Water Resources Act
WRR : Water Resource Regulation
WRS : Water Resources Strategy
WWF : World Wildlife Fund
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
1
CHAPTER: I 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
National Planning Commission had developed 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81. The
plan has emphasized on employment focused economic growth. It has planned to attract
investments on energy/electricity as the important sectors. The plan has envisioned the
applications of environmental standards, strengthening of Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) and implementation of cleaner production and energy efficiency program. Therefore,
there is enough demand for hydropower energy and hence, there is ample scope of developing
small hydropower projects in hilly districts of Nepal. Government of Nepal (GoN) has adopted
liberal policy to attract private investors for the development of small hydropower projects.
NEA’s hydropower plants including small power stations had generated a total of 3021 GWh
of electricity in FY 2019/20. The total power purchased from Independent Power Producers
(IPPs) within Nepal was 2291 GWh. To meet the ever increasing demand, additional power
had to be imported from India. The total energy imported from India is 1729 GWh. Out of the
total available energy, NEA’s contributed 39.02 %, whereas those imported from India and
domestic IPPs accounted for 22.33 % and 38.64 % respectively (NEA, 2020).
The total population with access to grid electricity has reached about 86 % of total household
in 2019. Total energy consumption in 2019 was 6,394.38 GWh. The total number of electricity
consumers increased by 7.88 % from 3.91 million to 4.22 million during the year. The domestic
consumer category with 3.93 million consumers is the largest category with 93.26% share of
the entire electricity consumers. Domestic and industrial consumer category contributed 39.84
% and 37.51 % to the gross electricity sales revenue respectively. The leakage towards
distribution is presently 15.27 percent.
At present, the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) has capacity of 1247.509 MW from 107
operating projects (DoED, 2019). Out of this, 92 MW of seasonal peaking plants (Kulekhani I
and II) is fully utilized along with existing run off river plants. Department of Electricity
development had already issued generation license for 35 hydropower project for installed
capacity of 2109.384 MW for the operation of the project (DoED, 2020).
The project proponent, Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. has obtained survey license (Survey
license No: lj= lj= lj=)&# / &$ lj= p= ;= *!&_ in 2074-02-02 from the then Ministry of Energy
for the development of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project in Taplejung District for
installed capacity, 20 MW and was valid till 2076-02-01. Later after detail engineering study,
the project configuration was changed and the capacity was decreased to 12 MW. Later, the
validity of survey license was updated and is valid till 2078/02/01. Similarly, SD/ToR was
approved in 2076-03-16 by MoFE.
1.2 Agency Responsible for Preparing EIA report
1.2.1 The Proponent
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. is the proponent for the project, Super Kabeli Khola
Hydropower Project, 12 MW. It is a private limited company, registered under the Government
of Nepal. The main objectives of the company are to develop hydropower projects from the
water resources of Nepal as well as supply and sell the electricity to the domestic and industrial
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
2
consumers of Nepal including Nepal Electricity Authority.
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd.
Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone No.: 016911637, 9851220305
E-mail: [email protected]
1.2.2 Organization Responsible for Preparing Report
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd. has entrusted Nepal Environment and Development Consultants
(NEDC) Pvt. Ltd. for preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study report as
per the Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2076 and Environment Protection Regulation (EPR)
2077 and its amendments. The consultant, henceforth, has prepared the EIA.
The detail address of the consultant is as follows:
Nepal Environment and Development Consultants (NEDC) Pvt. Ltd.
Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone Number: 01-4286073
P.O.Box: 4542, Kathmandu, Nepal
Email: [email protected]
For this work, NEDC has formed a multidisciplinary team consisting of experts on physical,
biological and socio-economic and cultural environments. The detail information of study team
for EIA is shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Study Team for the EIA Study of SKKHP S. N. Name of Expert Designation Expertise field
1 Narayan Prasad Khanal Team Leader Environmentalist/EIA Expert
2 Udisha Danekhu Team Member Ecologist
3 Urusha Sinkhwal Team Member Wildlife/Biodiversity Expert
4 Biraj Gautam Team Member Geologist
5 Santosh Bhattarai Team Member Hydropower Engineer
6 Vimsen Silwal Team Member Enumerator
Apart from the above, some short-term experts and research assistants, including the local
people, were involved at the various periods of study during socio-economic, physical and
biological surveys.
1.3 Time Schedule
The tentative time schedule to conduct EIA study including its approval process from the
beginning is presented in Table 1.2:
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
3
Table 1.2: EIA Time Schedule S
.
N
.
Activity Timeframe in Months
2076 2076 2076/2
077
2077 2077 2078 2078/
2079
Asar-
Bhadau
Ashwin-
Mangsir
Poush-
Falgun
Chaitr
a-
Jestha
Asar-
Bhadau
Ashwin-
Mangsir
Poush-
Falgun
Chait
ra-
Jestha
1 Approval of Scoping
Document and ToR
2 Field Mobilization,
Identification of stockpiling
sites, quarry sites, Data Collection Gap Information
(physical, biological, socio-
economic and socio-cultural environments), including
detailed household socio-
economic survey of affected people, collection of
recommendation after public
hearing, public notice
3 Preparation of Draft EIA Report
4 Public Hearing Final EIA
Report Preparation
5 Final EIA Report Submission
6 Approval of EIA
1.4 Objectives of EIA Study
The objective of the EIA study is to ensure sustainable development by avoiding or minimizing
impacts of the proposal development and operation on the physical, biological, socio-economic
and cultural environments. The EIA study has undertaken following activities to prepare a
comprehensive EIA report.
To document physical and cultural, chemical, biological and social baseline environmental
conditions of the proposal development areas from primary and secondary sources;
To identify and adequately assess potential adverse, beneficial and cumulative
environmental impacts due to proposal development and operation in different alternative
scenarios of proposal development to asses different alternative development options on
environmental ground;
To elucidate the ToR stipulated environmental issues and predict environmental impacts
and their significances in terms of nature, extent, duration, and magnitude for the selected
development options;
To propose appropriate, practical and cost effective mitigation measures for the identified
environmental impacts to avoid or minimize or compensate adverse impacts and capitalize
maximum positive impacts for the selected alternatives;
To prepare a comprehensive environmental management plan comprising of mitigation,
monitoring and auditing plans associated with proposal development and operation;
To present the study findings to the concerned stakeholders of the proposal development
area in a public hearing meeting and take their concerns and suggestions with regard to the
proposal development;
To prepare a comprehensive and bankable EIA report as per the format stipulated in the
EPR incorporating the concerns and suggestions of the concerned stakeholders to facilitate
objective-based decision making by the concerned decision makers of the Government of
Nepal (GoN).
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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1.5 Rationality of Conducting EIA Studथ
All major projects are now being considered for the application of either Initial Environmental
Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIA for hydropower project
is mandatory, if any hydropower of installed capacity of more than 50 MW and if lies in
Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area, as per EPR, 2077. Similarly,
as per EPR, 2077, Schedule 3, Section 1 and sub-section 9, if the project use more than 5 ha
forest area, EIA is necessary and approval from MoFE is necessary.
There is no clear provision in EPR 2077 for the project with installed capacity more than 10
MW to 50 MW if project lies in Conservation Area, Buffer Zone and Forest Conservation Area.
Therefore, this EIA has been prepared inspite of the policy confusion as the project required
EIA or IEE even though the project lies in Kanchangha Conservation Area (KCA). This EIA
report is sufficient even if the project requires only IEE in the future in terms of coverage of
environmental issues and mitigation.
The EIA report will be approved by Ministry of Forests and Environment. The MOFE has
already granted permission for conducting EIA study and Scoping and TOR has been already
approved, which is attached in Annex I. During the EIA study, conditions mentioned in survey
license of the project will be considered equally (Refer Survey License, condition “a'bf & sf]
pka'bf–`, 6, 7, 8, t). The EIA study that is being carried out is explicitly for the power generation
rather than for the transmission line. A separate EIA or IEE study shall be carried out for the
transmission line.
1.6 Scope of EIA
The EIA study that is being carried out is explicitly for the power generation. The scope of this
EIA study includes all the issues associated with hydropower project (construction and
operation). All the associated beneficial and adverse impacts during construction and operation
phases of the project are under the scope of the EIA study. The issues are studied based on
physical-chemical, biological and socio-economic environmental aspects of the project. In
addition, this EIA study has also included the corporate social responsibility of the project.
The project needs to develop 5.5 m wide road of about 6 km length as internal project road
from the access road to the construction sites on its own capital. The impact associated with
the construction of access road, crusher plant, quarry site, batching plant, muck disposal sites
and construction and operation of construction power lines are within scope of this EIA study.
This EIA study is not valid for the transmission line project, which will be constructed by the
project. A separate license for the construction of transmission line and separate impact study
will be carried out.
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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CHAPTER: II 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 Project description and location
Super Kabeli Khola Hydro Power Project (SKKHPP) is run-of- River (RoR) type project with
installed capacity of 12 MW. The major components of the project are arranged on the left
bank of Kabeli River. Civil structures of the project comprise diversion weir, intake, under
sluice, gravel trap, settling basin, headrace pipe, headrace tunnel, surge shaft, adit, penstock
pipe, power house and the tailrace outlet.
The weir crest level is fixed at 1703.00 m amsl. The Headworks arrangement consist of
diversion weir, undersluice, intake, gravel trap, approach culvert, settling basin. Two bays have
been proposed to settle the sediments particle at an efficiency of 90%. The flow from the
headworks is then conveyed to headrace tunnel via. Headrace pipe.
The water diverted from Kabeli Khola then passes through headrace pipe at left bank of Kabeli
Khola. About 3390 m length has been proposed as headrace pipe. To avoid geological risk and
slope stability issues, a headrace tunnel of 1504 m long has been propose after crossing Rate
Khola. The proposed tunnel size is 2.8 m x 3.5 m (L x H). The headrace tunnel ends at junction
of Surge shaft and penstock pipe. The surge shaft is 6 m in diameter and 50 m high. The total
length of the penstock from surge shaft to powerhouse is estimate 368 m with optimum
diameter of 1.6 m. The water from penstock is then carried to powerhouse to generate 12.0
MW of electricity. The water will be then discharge back to Kabeli Khola via 45 m long tailrace
culvert of size 2.5 m x 2 m. With available gross head of 259 m and design discharge of 5.9
m3/s, the installed capacity of this project has been fixed at 12.0 MW. The total saleable energy
is estimated 69.24 GWh with 20.78 GWh at dry months of year and 48.46 GWh at wet months
of the year. The generated power can be evacuated to the proposed NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur
(Kabeli) Sub-station through 132 kV single circuit transmission line which is about 18 km away
from the proposed powerhouse.
2.2 Project Location
The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project area is located in wards 6, 7, 8 of Sirijangha RM
of Taplejung district of Province 1 of Nepal. Proposed headworks is approximately 200 m
upstream from the confluence of Kabeli Khola and Amji Khola. The powerhouse is located
near Thumki village.The project site lies between latitudes of 27°25'09" N to 27°27'24" N and
longitudes of 87°52'33" E to 87°55'09" E.
Table 2.1: Project Location S.
N
Particulars Administrative location Geographic location Remarks
1 Location Sirijangha Rural Municipality, ward 6,
7 and 8
87 º 52’33” E to 87º 55’ 09” E
27 º 25’ 09” to 27 º 27’ 24” N
Source: Survey license of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Visit, 2076
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Figure 2.1: Project location in Map of Nepal
Source: Modified Map from Department of Survey, 2077
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Figure 2.2: Project location in map of Taplejung district
Source: Updated Map from MoFALD, 2077
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Figure 2.3: Google Image of project area
Source: Google Earth Pro, 2077
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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2.3 Project Accessibility
The project area can be accessed from Kathmandu via Charaali of Jhapa in the East-West
highway from where Mechi Highway leads up to Ganesh Chowk of Panchthar District. The
distance from Charali to Ganesh Chowk is about 200 km. After this, an Earthen road starts from
Ganesh Chowk to the Kabeli river (Iwa Khola confluence area, Tribeni Dovan) which is 16 km
long (part of which lies along Mid Hill Highway (up to Tharpu Bazaar)). After crossing the
Kabeli river bridge at Tribeni Dovan, the project road follow right bank of Kabeli Khola and
crosses Panchami, Khandinbe, Bunguwa and finally road ends at Happu Khola Bazaar. This
road is further planned to be constructed up to Kanchanjunga Base Camp via Banketar,
Surumkhim, Kheban, Yamphudin etc.
The road up to Happu Khola Bazaar area is in operation during dry season. Happu Khola Bazaar
is at about 17 km distance from the Kabeli Bridge at Tribeni Dovan. It takes approximately 1
hour to reach the Happu Khola Bazaar by private vehicle (Jeep) which is located within 14 km
aerial distance from the project’s powerhouse area. Public buses and jeeps are in operation (up
to two buses and one or two jeeps daily or less frequently based on availability of passengers)
up to Happu Khola Bazaar during off monsoon season.
Once the road is extened to Kanchanjunga Base Camp, the project powerhouse area will be
access through Thungim, Sirijangha RM and additional 6 km road is needed to reach proposed
Powerhouse area of the project. The figures depict the physical conditions of the accessibility
of the project.
Ganesh Chowk Along Mechi Highway Earthern Road from Ganesh Chowk to Kabeli
Bridge
Access Road at Thumbedin Area Access Road Under Construction at Kheban
Figure 2.4: Access road condition to Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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The access road from Kathmandu to project site in tabular form is shown Table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Access to the project site S.N Destination Distance
1 Kathmandu to Charaali 446 km
2 Charaali to Illam 79 km
3 Illam to tharpu 115 km
4 Tharpu to kabeli Bridge 27 km
5 kabeli Bridge to Happu Bazar 17 km
6 Happu Bazar to Project area 14 km
Internal Road 6 km
Total 704 km
Source: Feasibilty study report, 2076
2.4 Description and salient features of the Project
The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project is a RoR project with 12 MW installed capacity.
Salient features of the project are presented in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Salient features of SKKHPP, 12 MW S.N. Features Description
1 General
Name of the Project Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
Type of the Project Run-off River (RoR)
River Kabeli Khola
Nearest Town Phidim
2 Location
Ruralmunicipality Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward no. 8, 7,6
District Taplejung
Province Province no.1
Longitude 87°52'33" E - 87°55'09" E
Latitude 27°25'09" N - 27°27'24" N
3 Hydrology
Catchment Area 162.05 km2
Design Discharge (Q 44.6 %) 5.9 m3/s
Riparian Release 10 % of monthly average flow
Design Flood discharge 227 m3/s (100 Yrs. Flood)
4 Headworks
Type of Weir Free flow rock chute dam
Crest Length of Wier 60 m
Crest Elevation 1703.00 m amsl
Height of Weir 8.5 m from foundation
Size of Undersluice Gate 3.0 m x 2.5 m (1 No.)
Crest Level of Undersluice 1698 m amsl
Type of Intake Orifice, Side Intake
Size of Intake 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2 No.s
Sill Level of Intake 1700.00 m amsl
Type of Gravel Trap Surface Duffer
Size of Grave Trap 5.3 m x 4.8 m x 3.52 m
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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5 Approach Culvert
Type of Approach Culvert Rectangular Box Culvert
Length 49 m
Size 2.0 m x 2.0 m
6 Settling Basin
Type Concrete, Double Bay Duffer
No of Chamber 2
Size 56 m x 7 m x 5.1 m each
Particle size to be settled >0.2 mm
Size 56 m x 7 m x 5.1 m each
Particle size to be settled >0.2 mm
Trapping Efficiency 90%
7 Waterways (Headrace Pipe)
Type Headrace pipe, circular
Diameter 1.6 m (internal)
Length 3390 m
8 Headrace Tunnel
Shape Inverted U-shaped
Tunnel Size 2.8 m x 3.5 m
Length 1504 m
9 Surge Shaft
Type Circular, Vertical
Diameter 6.0 m
Height 50.0 m
Up Surge Level 1716.77 m above msl
Down Surge Level 1689.44 m above msl
Normal Operation Level 1702.50 m above msl
10 Penstock Pipe
Type Steel Pipe
Internal Diameter 1.6 m
Length 368 m
11 Power House
Type Surface
Size 38 m x 14 m x 19 m
Number of Generating Units 2
Turbine Type Pelton
Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 m amsl
12 Tail-Race Canal
Type Box Culvert
Length 45 m
Size 2.5 m x 2 m
13 Turbine
Type Pelton
Number 2
Rated Output Capacity Per
Unit
6.25 MW
Efficiency 90%
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl
Net Head 244.24 m
Discharge per unit 2.95 m3/s
14 Governor
Type Solid state, PID control
Adjustment for Speed Drop Between 0 to 10%
15 Generator
Type Three Phase, Salient Pole Synchronous
Number 2
Rated Capacity 7.06 MVA
Voltage 11 kV
Power Factor 0.85
Frequency 50 Hz
Excitation System Static Type
Efficiency 96%
RPM 600 RPM
16 Transformer
Type Outdoor, Oil Immersed, Three Phase
Rated Capacity 8 MVA
Number 2
Voltage Ratio 11/132 KV
Vector Group YNd11
Efficiency 99%
17 Transmission Line and Grid
Voltage Level 132 kV, single circuit
Length 18 km (estimated)
Conductor Type ASCR “Bear”
From Switchyard of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project
To NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station
18 Internal Project Road The access roads includes permanent project access road to Headworks
site, mechanical yard, civil equipment yard, powerhouse area, surge
shaft, outlet portal, inlet ports at Kabeli Khola. Nearly 6 km access
roads are to be constructed.
19 Construction Period 3 years
20 Power and Energy
Gross Head 259 m
Net Head 244.24 m
21 Installed Capacity 12 MW
22 Estimated Annual Saleable
Energy
69.24 GWh
Dry 20.78 GWh
Wet 48.46 GWh
23 Financial Indicator:
B/C ratio 1.35
IRR 14.73%
ROE 19.58%
Project Cost 2338.58 million NPR
Project Cost per kW 1804 USD/kW
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2019
2.5 Project Description
2.5.1 Headworks site
The project consist of Headworks arrangement in Sirijangha RM, ward no. 8. The proposed weir
crest level is at an elevation 1703.00 masl and crest length of weir is 60m. The Headworks
arrangement consists of diversion weir, undersluice, intake, gravel trap, approach culvert and
settling basin.
Diversion Weir
A diversion weir of crest length of 60 m length that is about 2.0 m above the bed level of the
river is proposed. The crest level is fixed at 1703.00 m amsl. The upstream slope of the weir is
1:4, whereas downstream slope is a relatively steeper slope (1:6) is provided to meet the river
bed level some 47 m downstream of the weir. The highest water depth over the crest
corresponding to 100 years flood (227 m3/s) is 2.6 m. Due to the deposition of sediment along
the upstream slope, the weir behaves as a broad crested weir. The boulder of 1 m diameter is
lined upstream and downstream of weir confined by cutoff walls. In order to control seepage
from upstream, 0.5 m thick clay blanket is proposed at upstream of weir. Moreover, 8 m high
concrete wall along the weir axis is proposed to minimize the seepage through the weir.
Intake
Two orifices as side intake have been proposed to withdraw design discharge into the
immediately proposed gravel trap. The bed rock being at quite low level, the intake is founded
on alluvial deposit. In order to deflect bed load and floating trash and debris, the intake axis is
aligned at almost 25 degree angle with respect to the diversion weir. The invert level of the
intake is fixed at an elevation of 1700.00 m amsl, 3.0 m below the normal water level. The intake
openings will remain always in submerged conditions and are designed to draw design flow at
normal water level. Each opening is equipped with a vertical gate and separated by a 0.50 m
thick concrete pier. The deck level of intake has been fixed at 1706.50 m considering the highest
flood level corresponding to a flood of return period as 100 years.
Under sluice
Given the layout of the diversion structure and the intake, the major flow of the river and thereby
the bed load during flood is expected to get channelized along the diversion weir. As the velocity
of the approach near the intake is quite small, big boulders are not expected to be transported
towards the intake. Nevertheless, due to the huge turbulence during flood and deeper pool before
the intake, considerable amount of bed load is expected to get attracted near the intake area. Part
of them will get stocked before the intake, while others will pass together with the flow and get
accumulated in the pool downstream of the intake. The bed load thus deposited in front of intake
will be flushed through a 3.0 m wide and 2.5 m high, bed load passing channel, equipped with
stop log and radial gate at the end. The sill level of the under sluice is fixed at an elevation of
1698 m amsl, 1.7 m below the intake sill level. The interval of flushing depends on the flood
intensity and frequency as well as the volume of bed material deposited along the channel, but
at least once at the end of the monsoon each year.
Gravel Trap
While the sediment of larger size passing the intake is expected to get settled immediately
downstream of the intake, transport of gravels is expected along the main conveyance.
Therefore, 5.3 m long, 4.8 m wide and about 3.52 m deep gravel trapping basin is envisaged.
24 Construction Period 3 Years
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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The deposited gravels are flushed back to Kabeli Khola through 1.0 m wide and 1.0 m high with
1:40 steep gravel flushing culvert. The culvert is provided with Vertical stop log and main gate.
Approach culvert
A rectangular box culvert of 2.0 m wide and 2.0 m high convey the flow to settling basin. The
culvert which is of 49 m long. Straight approach, about ten times the width of culvert, has been
met in order to achieve laminar flow in the transition length of settling basin.
Settling Basin
Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is high head project have gross head 259 m. Settling
basin trapping more than 90% of the particles larger than 0.20 mm is designed. In order to
facilitate continuous operation of the plant at least with 50% capacity, the main basin is divided
into two basins of equal size, each having a width of 7 m and an effective length as 56 m. Two
outlet orifice at each basin is provided to control flow during flushing period. The sediment free
water is conveyed at conveyance tank constructed immediately after the settling basin. The
conveyance tank is facilitate with spillway of 5 m length in order to spill flood flow entered
through intake during high flood event. The flushing channels provided at the bottom of each
settling basin will flush the deposited sediment back to the river. The flushing channels are 1.0
m wide and 1.0 m deep.
Water Conveyance System
Based on the site geology and topography of the project area, a head race pipe followed by a
low-pressure tunnel is the most efficient and economical water conveyance system for the
project.
Headrace pipe
The closed conduit of the headrace conveyance starts from the settling basin. A 1.6 m dia, 8 mm
thick and 3390 m long steel pipe is designed to convey plant discharge to the portal of the
headrace tunnel located on the left bank of Kabeli Khola after crossing Rate Khola. The steel
pipe is supported by concrete blocks throughout its length and fixed by anchor blocks mainly at
bends. There are altogether 45 no.s of anchor blocks.The headrace pipe will be buried to depth
at least 1m from the top of the pipe in order to minimize risk related to varied temperature
especially cold temperature.
Headrace Tunnel
A 1504 m long Inverted U shaped, headrace tunnel has been proposed after the crossing Rate
Khola. After the headrace pipe, the waterways continues as headrace tunnel. As the design
discharge of the project is 5.9 m3/s, the minimum tunnel size based on construction point of
view has been proposed i.e.3.5 m high with the diameter of 2.8 m. Six support type has been
proposed based on the rock type available along the headrace tunnel alignment.
2.5.2 Surge Shaft
A circular shaped surge shaft is provided at the end of the headrace tunnel to allow mass
oscillation caused due to pressure transients followed by load rejection and load acceptance. The
surge shaft of 6 m diameter and 50 m high is proposed. The upsurge level at the surge shaft is
1716.77 masl, downsurge level is 1689.44 masl and the normal operation level is at 1702.50
masl.
2.5.3 Penstock Pipe
The steel penstock is proposed immediately after surge shaft. The total length of the penstock
from surge shaft to powerhouse is estimate 368 m with optimum diameter of 1.6 m. For the
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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closure time considered 20 s, the thickness of penstock pipe varies from 12 mm to 36 mm. The
minimum thickness of the pipe is 6mm and an additional thickness of 3 mm has been provided
for corrosion resistance.
2.5.4 Powerhouse
The powerhouse will be surface type and it will consist of two units of Pelton Turbines. The
powerhouse is proposed at left bank of Kabeli Khola at an elevation of 1444.00m amsl. The
powerhouse will be of steel truss and roofing material shall be of galvanized sheet. The
powerhouse also contains associated electrical and mechanical equipment, an erection /
assembly /service bay and workshop. Pelton turbines discharge water into the tailrace pit and
thereafter water is discharged into Kabeli Khola through closed reinforced concrete conduit with
free surface flow. Size of the powerhouse is 38.0 m x 14 m x 19 m (L x B x H). Additionally, a
service rooms has been provided inside the powerhouse, towards valley side which include low
tension room, control room and office room.
2.5.5 Tailrace Canal
The RCC tailrace canal has been proposed with a gradient of 1:300 box rectangular canals. Two
tailrace canal from each unit merges into one to convey the flow to Kabeli Khola. Each canal at
start is provision with vertical gate for optimum regulation and repair maintenance work of the
unit. Each tailrace canal is 2.5 m wide and 2 m high and after merging the canal size increase to
2.5 m wide and 2 m high. The total length of tailrace canal is 45 m. Energy dissipater at the end
of tailrace canal is provided in order to protect the river bed from scour. A groove for stop log
has been provided for ultimate control of flood entering the tailrace
2.6 Electromechanical Equipment
Two units each of 6.25 MW, 750 rpm Pelton turbine with horizontal axis is proposed for the
given net head of 244.24 m and rated flow of 2.95 m3/s. Two generators each of 7.06 MVA
MVA, three-phase salient pole synchronous type are proposed. The generation voltage of 11 kV
is stepped up to 220 kV with the help of 8 MVA transformer. The power generated from the
project will be evacuated by constructing 18 km long 132 kV transmission line from SKKHPP
Switchyard to NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station.
The turbine shaft power is 6.25 MW at an efficiency of 90%. The size and speed of the turbine
is such that the total costs of civil, electrical and mechanical works will be minimized.
The design and the selection of the turbine-generating units are based on the following criteria:
Number of Units: 2
Type of Turbines: Pelton
Shaft configuration: Horizontal
Shaft rotation: Clockwise
Rated Unit Flow: 2.95 m3/sec
Rated Net Head: 244.24 m
Turbine Efficiency: 90%
Generator Efficiency: 96%
Rated Turbine output: 6250 kW
Frequency: 50 Hz
Synchronous Speed: 600 rpm
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Runaway Speed : 1150 rpm
2.7 Electrical Equipment
Generator
The optimum number of units has been selected as two with turbine mechanical shaft output as
6.25 MW. Accordingly a generator of capacity 7.06 MVA, power factor 0.85 is selected for each
unit.The Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project (SKKHPP) will have Two (2) numbers of
generator of 7.06 MVA, 600 rpm, horizontal shaft 3 phase synchronous generator which is
directly coupled to the hydraulic Pelton turbine and all equipment as mentioned below will form
the part of generating unit.
Table 2.4: Generator data for Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower project
Parameters Value
Number of units 2
Rating 7.06 MVA
Power factor 0.85 over-excited
Cooling TEWAC (Totally Enclosed Water Air Cooling)
Synchronous speed 600 rpm
Runaway speed 1150 rpm
Number of Poles 10
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Rated voltage 11 kV
Rated range of voltage variation ±5%
Range of frequency variation ±2%
Stator winding connection Y (Star)
Rotor and Stator insulation Class F
Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2076
Power Transformer
The three phase 8000 kVA 50 Hz power transformers will step-up the 11 kV of generator voltage
to 132 kV. This transformer rating is standard size and consistent with slightly high rating
generators. Although, the variation in voltage can be accomplished by the voltage adjustment of
the generator, it is recommended that an off-load tap-changer will be provided to compensate
for changes in the system operating characteristics throughout the life of the plant. The cooling
should be ONAN. This cooling method will not require fans, which eliminate fans controls and
meets the operating conditions.
Table 2.5: Technical specification of Power Transformer for SKKHPP Rating 8000 kVA (3 Phase)
Quantity 2 Nos.
Cooling ONAN
Primary voltage 11 kV
Secondary voltage 132 kV
Vector group YNd11 (Solidly grounded neutral)
Frequency 50 Hz
Taps -5%; -2.5%; 0; +2.5%; +5% on the 132 kV windings
Short Circuit Capacity 3 sec (as per IEC 76)
Impedance less than 12 %
Efficiency 99 %
Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2076
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The transformer will be oil immersed and used for cooling purpose as specified. All apparatus
will be designed to ensure satisfactory operation under such sudden variations of load, frequency
and voltage as may be met-with under system working conditions including those due to short
circuits.
The transformer will be capable of operating continuously at its rated output at all tap positions
without exceeding the temperature rise limits. The incoming side (low voltage side) will be
suitable for terminating two to three single phase cables per phase by using XLPE type copper
cables inside the cable terminating chamber. The termination arrangement will include cable
terminations for delta connection of the transformer windings besides the phase cable
termination. The outgoing side high voltage terminals will be brought out through high voltage
bushing for connecting to other high voltage apparatus of Indoor GIS switchyard. The neutral
points will be brought out on suitable bushings installed and will be solidly grounded via
appropriate conductors.
High Voltage Switchyard
A 132 kV outdoor type switchyard will be constructed near the NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur
(Kabeli) Sub-station to evacuate the generated power as a receiving end switchyard. The
switchyard components shall be suitable for hot, humid and moderately polluted
environment. The switchgear system for this switchyard shall be equipped with Circuit
breakers, Current transformers, potential transformers, disconnecting switches with/without
earthing and Lightning Arrestors and synchronous check relay etc. for 132 kV incoming and
outgoing circuits.
In case of high voltage side of power transformer and line bay Indoor type 145 kV GIS
switchgear will be installed at GIS building near the power house. A 145 kV indoor type GIS
switchyard will be constructed inside the powerhouse to evacuate the generated power.
The switchgear system for this switchyard will be equipped with GIS breakers, Current
transformers, potential transformers, disconnecting switches with/without earthing and
Lightning Arrestors etc. for 132 kV outgoing circuits. The switchgear system here will work in
coordination with the associated control panels accommodated in the control room and will
ensure the overall protection of the switchyard there will be outdoor type 132 kV switchyard at
Interconnection substation at NEA 33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station as a receiving end
switchyard.
2.8 Internal Access Road
The access roads includes permanent project access road to Headworks site, mechanical yard,
civil equipment yard, powerhouse area, surge shaft, outlet portal, inlet ports at Kabeli Khola.
Nearly 6 km (earthen, and of 4.5 m width including side drainage) access roads are to be
constructed. However, about 9.0 km road from Happu Khola to Yamfudin need to be upgraded
with gravels. The spoil materials from the tunnel excavation will be used in up grading of the
internal access road while, no disposal area is required for the access road. The muck generated
from opening of internal access road will be used in filling the cuttings and gaps.
2.9 Transmission Line
For transmission line also, separate tender will be called. One year has been planned following
contract award to the supplier for design, fabrication and delivery of the transmission line
materials and installation of the 132 kV transmission line from SKKHPP Switchyard to NEA
33/132 kV Amarpur (Kabeli) Sub-station.
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2.10 Construction Planning
The construction plan will be prepared during detailed design stage. However, a conceptual
construction plan is prepared in this stage to have guideline for further design of concrete
construction plan. The scale and standard of the project construction will be as accordance to
prevailing practice within the country. The project capacity is fixed to 12,000 kW and its
completion period is conceived to be 3 years from the start excluding forced measure. However,
project period could be extended up to 3 and half years with 6 months grace period.
2.10.2 Contract Packaging
The civil construction works can be categorized into preparatory and main civil works. The
works for access road, camp facilities of the Employer is categorized as preparatory works. Such
preparatory works may be contracted separately so that the real construction works are not
hampered by delay of such works. Hence, the contract may be divided into two small packages
of preparatory works and five major packages of main works as follows:
Access Road
Camp Establishment Works
Main Civil Works
Hydro-mechanical Works
Electro-mechanical Works
Transmission Line Works
The Access Road’ construction package should start as early as possible and shall
include new road construction within project and cross drainage works. This package should be
awarded before mobilization for main civil works like construction of project structure, river
training works and camping.
The ‘Camp Establishment’ package shall include permanent housing, staff quarter,
office and other necessary facilities for the Employer and the Engineer for headworks, surge
shaft and powerhouse sites. This work may be started once PPA is held with NEA and generation
license is awarded from DoED in parallel with the main civil works.
The ‘Main Civil Works’ construction package shall include all civil construction works
like headworks, settling basins, headrace tunnel, surge shaft, penstock/penstock pipe,
powerhouse and tailrace, switch yard, river protection and training works, construction power,
temporary camp facilities for the contractor, general and preliminary works, etc.
The ‘Hydro-mechanical Works’ package shall include all works related to metal and
mechanical works like penstock supply and installation, gates in the headworks, waterway
and tailrace, stoplogs, trashracks, lifting arrangements, , expansion joints, bifurcation, etc.
The ‘Electro-mechanical Works’ package shall include supply, installation and
commissioning of complete electro-mechanical equipment like turbines, generators,
transformers, valves, control panel, diesel generators, switchyard, etc.
The ‘Transmission Line Works’ package shall include all civil works like foundation,
retaining walls, etc required for transmission line, supply and installation of towers and
accessories, stringing of conductors and lightning arrestors and sub-station connection
arrangement.
2.10.3 Construction Power
The construction work for SKKHPP requires operation of several high-power equipment at
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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various locations like Headworks, inlet portals, outlet portals, along penstock pipe, powerhouse
area, mechanical yard and crusher yard location. As there is no any connection to INPS grid
nearby, installation of diesel plants (6) for power generation is seen as the only available option
to supply power for electrically powered equipment. The diesel generator will be also supplied
for the construction of the project.
Table 2.6: DG sets required for the Project S.N. Sites Number Capacity
1 Headworks 1 250 kVA
2 Quarry site 1 100 kVA
3 HRT inlet portal 1 250 kVA
4 Surge shaft Adit 1 250 kVA
5 Powerhouse 1 250 kVA
6 Batching Plant/ Crusher Yard 1 100 kVA
Source: Feasibility Report, 2019
2.11 Land Requirement
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.
In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will
be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land.
Of the permanent land (10.28 ha), 2.13 ha will be acquired from KCA (i.e. KCA forest 1.83 ha,
and 0.3 ha from river flood plain under KCA) and 8.15 ha will be acquired from private land.
Of the total temporary land, (0.35 ha), 0.2 ha will be acquired from river flood plain under KCA
and 0.15 ha will be acquired from private land.
Government Land-Project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA (Permanent-2.13 ha i.e. KCA
Forest 1.83 ha and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA and Temporary Land 0.2 ha from river
flood plain under KCA. All those Government Land is under the management of KCA.
Private land- Project will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent purpose
and 0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes.
The land acquisition process will start once Generation License is granted. Details of land
requirement of project are given in Table 2.8.
All the required land is government owned will be obtained from the concerned authority for
the project life. The land acquisition process will start once Generation License is granted.
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
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Table 2.7: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHPP SN Project Component Land Type (ha) Total Area
(ha) Forest Cultivated Barren Flood Plain
KCA Pvt Gov* Pvt Gov Pvt (Alaichii
Bari)
Gov*
Permanent Land Requirement
1 Headworks
Diversion Structure 0.2 0.2
Gravel Trap 0.08 0.08
Approach Canal 0.15 0.15 0.3
Desander & Headpond 0.3 0.3
2 Water Conveyance 0
Headrace Pipe 0.5 2 3.5 6
Penstock Pipe 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8
Surge shaft 0.1 0.1
3 Powerhouse and Tailrace 0.9 0.1 1
4 Access Road 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.2
5 Switchyard 0.1 0.1
6 Camp site 0.1 0.1
7 Stockpile site, Construction yard, batching and
crushing plant
0.1 0.1
Sub-Total 1.83 0 3.85 0 4.3 0.3 10.28
Temporary Land Requirement
8 Quarry Site 0.2 0.2
2 Disposal Site 0.05 0.05
3 Bunker House and Army camp 0.1 0.1
Sub Total 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.2 0.35
Grand Total 1.83 0 0 3.85 0 4.45 0.5 10.63
(Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Study, 2019)
Gov*=KCA
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Table 2.8: Summary of land requirement S. N Land type Gov. Pvt Total
KCA Barren RFP Subtotal
1 Permanent 1.83 0.3 2.13 8.15 10.28
2 Temporary 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.35
Total 1.83 0 0.5 2.33 8.3 10.63
Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW and EIA Field Study, 2077
Gov*=KCA
2.12 Construction Materials
The project requires substantial quantity of construction materials like cement, fine and
coarse aggregates, reinforcement bars, steel plates, construction chemicals, etc. Major
industrial construction materials like cement and reinforcement will be purchased from
market accessible from the nearest available road head. Steel plates, construction
chemicals, drill rods, etc. will be imported from outside country. Local construction
materials like stones, aggregates and sand will be extracted from the riverbed materials,
deposited along Tamor valleys, or by crushing excavated rocks from tunnel, or bringing
from other suitable locations. Natural boulders available along the banks of Kabeli River
will be used for boulder riprap. Fuel and lubricants will be supplied in direct contact with
Nepal Oil Corporation or its dealer.
Fine aggregates will either be extracted from the sites identified during the field studies
or manufactured by crushing of gneiss and quartzite available as rock mass from the
outcrops, river banks and excavated mucks.
Coarse Aggregates which will be produced at site either from tunnel muck, excavated
materials or from the suitable quarries identified at site.
Cement and reinforcement steel will be purchased from the local market and will be
imported from outside the country only during their shortages in domestic market;
Structural steel will be sourced from outside of the country
Steel anchors will be sourced where necessary from third country and
Explosives for blasting which will be imported from outside the country.
One separate structures will be constructed for the storage of perishable materials such as
cement, chemicals, lubricants, construction fuels, explosives and detonators etc. shaded storage
areas will be required for the material storage.
The explosive amounting to 250 MT explosive and 1,195,000 number of detonator will be
obtained through designated process of Government of Nepal. These explosive will be stored
in proposed appropriate storage site. The electric detonators, detonating fuse, safety fuse,
gelatin, battery, will also be stored close to explosive storage site (containing precaution and
warning sign) that will be used in tunnel construction and the project will follow Explosive Act
2035.
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Table 2.9: Construction materials requirement for SKKHPP S.
N
Descriptio
n
Cemen
t (MT)
San
d
(m3)
Aggregat
e (m3)
Fuse
wire
(km)
Explosi
ve
(MT)
Detonato
r
(number)
Reinforcemen
t (MT)
Meta
l
work
s
(MT)
1 Weir,
undersluice
, intake and
gravel trap
180 260 300 0 0 0 25 600
2 Settling
basin
50 75 90 0 0 0 15 300
3 Surge shaft
and Adit
80 115 150 52 100 215,000 20
4 Headrace
pipe and
anchor
blocks
115 175 250 0 0 0 60 2000
5 Headrace
Tunnel
200 450 280 170 150 980,000 50
6 Penstock 100 170 250 0 0 0 80 2500
7 Powerhous
e and
tailrace
200 500 500 0 0 0 250 1500
8 Access
road
20 50 500 0 0 0 50
9 River
training
structures
90 200 350 0 0 0 70
10 Switch
yard and
civil works
40 60 80 0 0 0 7 1000
Total 1075 2055 2750 222 250 1,195,000 627 7900
Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2019
2.10.1 Key Project Activities
Key project activities during pre-construction, construction and operation and maintenance
stage are presented in Table 2.6.
Table 2.10: Key Activities of the project Phase of
project
Project Activities Details
Pre-
construction
Phase
Land acquisition and
leasing
In all the land acquisition and leasing process, agreement with
community forest, KCA forest and land use, right will be taken prior
to the construction period starts.
Land clearance Clearance of the project components structures with vegetation
clearance, tree cutting permission from KCAP and labeling of the
land area.
Support Facilities Includes the internal access road, camp facilities, construction of
toilet in camp sites, water supply and land clearance; establishment
of construction support facilities.
Construction
Phase
Civil Works Includes the civil construction of headworks, intake, undersluice,
settling basing, gravel trap, tunnel works, powerhouse complex,
tailrace and all necessary protection works.
Foundation
preparation works
Foundation works including compaction, sub-base works, paving,
concreting etc. Structure erecting works involving steel works,
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Phase of
project
Project Activities Details
concreting etc.
Metal Works The company shall import required quantities of steel plates,
channels, and beams and supply to the manufacturer.
Electro-mechanical
Works
Includes the supply, delivery and erection of electro-mechanical
equipment, generating equipment, gates and valves etc.
Stockpiling and
Muck disposal
works
Amount of muck and other accumulated disposal materials will be
disposed in specified area. The specified area has been identified
and the plans have been made to dispose the excessive volume of
muck during the construction. These activities include the disposal
and rehabilitation of the disposed area.
Installation of the
equipment
After the electromechanical works the necessary equipment will be
installed to operate the proposed project
Post
Construction
Phase
Dismantling of construction support facilities
Rehabilitation of the areas occupied by the construction support facilities. Plantation of
muck disposal sites etc.
Operation
Phase
Operation of powerhouse
Maintenance of headwork, desander, headrace tunnel, penstock pipe, and powerhouse
Source: Feasibility study report of SKKHPP, 12 MW, 2019
2.13 Quarry and Borrow Pits
Quarries for stone/aggregates and sand will be extracted from natural deposits and quarries.
Material excavated from excavation of roads, hydraulic structures, tunnel, penstock alignment
route will be reused for construction purposes. Tentative Cement is 1075 MT, Sand is 2055 m3
and Aggregate is 2750 m3. For quarry site, 0.2 ha area will be allocated. The location of the
quarry site is at the Kattike and another one is at the headworks site at Samekham. The daily
limit per quarry site is 250 cubic meter or as per the government rule. The royalty will be paid
to KCA or to concern authority as per the prevailing norms of Government of Nepal/KCA by
the project. The location of different proposed quarry sites is described in Table 2.12 below.
The location of such sites is shown in topo map at Annex II. The extracted volume of quarry
materials will be stockpiled within quarry area for very short time and from there it will be
transported to stockpiling area for storage until further usage. Thus, stockpiled quarry materials
will be covered with plastic sheet to prevent dust emission and scattering of particles. For the
quarry site, 0.2 ha will be required. Trenching operation for material quarrying will be
prohibited in river flood plain areas. Quarrying of aggregates will be carried out through
striping operations such that the landscape after the quarry will be same as before. Besides,
quarry operations will be conducted only up to the water level of river. Permission for quarry
site of the project will be carried out from local government according to prevailing rules (i.e.
Mines and Minerals rule, 2064).
2.14 Land Clearance Excavation and Cut-fill Works
Table 2.11 shows the estimated cut and fill volume for the project. It is estimated that the
project will generate 49343.87 m3 surplus bulk volumes of muck/debris and spoil mixed with
stone that need to be disposed from the entire project including the access road. 5200 m3 volume
of top soil will be generated from the entire project components. The spoil/muck generated will
be refilled and utilized during access road construction and other project components after
constructions.
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Table 2.11: Tentative Generation of muck/Spoil Volume from different project
component
S.
N.
Structure Cutting (m3) Filling
(m3)
Balance
(m3) Soil HR SR BMS Total
1 River diversion
and headworks
12.10 14.00 16.00 1525.00 1567.10 940.26 626.84
2 Intake & Intake
Canal
163.28 75.94 227.82 835.32 1302.35 781.41 520.94
3 Gravel Trap 37.97 0.00 139.22 334.13 511.32 306.79 204.53
4 Settling Basin 513.85 202.50 778.62 835.32 2330.28 1398.1
7
932.11
5 Head race tunnel
alignment
2551.50 37850.50 25278.0
2
1941.22 67621.2
4
6762.1
3
60859.12
6 Surge shaft 74.42 9.62 12.66 232.88 329.57 197.74 131.83
7 Penstock 759.38 40.00 885.94 496.13 2181.44 1308.8
6
872.57
8 Powerhouse &
Switchyard
607.50 12.66 253.13 607.50 1480.78 888.47 592.31
9 Tailrace 177.19 0.00 0.00 101.25 278.44 167.06 111.38
10 Camp and Other
Facility
25.13 0.00 405.00 334.13 764.25 113.28 650.97
11 Access Road 10884.38 1256.25 7340.63 2250.00 21731.2
5
19054.
00
2677.25
12 Total 15806.68 39461.46 35337.0
2
9492.85 100098.
01
31918.
16
68179.84
13 Total Quantity 100098
14 Total Fill
Quantity
31918.16
15 Total Balance of
Spoil
68179.84
16 Bulk Factor 13635.97
17 Total Balance
after Bulk
addition
54543.87
18 Estimated Top
Soil
5200
19 Total Spoil to be
disposed
49343.87
HR- Hard Rock, SR- Soft Rock, BMS- Boulder Mixed Soil
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHPP, 12 MW
2.15 Disposal Sites for Excavated Materials
The majority of the excavated material (80% of the total) will be removed from the headrace
tunnel, surge shaft, Tailrace tunnel. A total of 0.05 ha area has been proposed for disposal site.
Muck/spoil disposal sites will be situated considering above High flood level (HFL) verified
from field observation during construction of the project. However; the muck and spoil
generated will be also used for local road upgrading which is also a part of CSP activities of
the project and for internal road maintenance. Permission for muck/spoil disposal site of the
project will be carried out from local government according to prevailing rules and regulations.
Hence, total disposable material is 49,343.87 m3 and height of disposed material will be 6.5 m.
For protection of the disposal area, gabion wall will be applied.
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2.16 Construction Camps and Office
Sufficient housing facility during the project construction for labor force is not available in the
nearby villages. There are provision of Engineering Camps, Contractors and Labour Camps.
Thus, labor camps will be proposed both in headworks and powerhouse sites. About 0.1, ha
land will be utilized for the construction of permanent campsites. Majorly camp sites are built
in private land and barren land. Altogether, 1 contractors and 1 Labor camps in headworks, 1
Engineering camps near powerhouse and 1 Army Camps near bunker house will be established.
There will be separate camp facilities for project staff and Contractors’ staff. Remaining
structures and facilities for project staff and contractor’s staffs will be temporary on feature
and such sites will be dismantled after completion of construction activities. Structures built
for project staff will be mostly permanent, that will be sufficient for project staff during
operation and maintenance phase. Details on camp sites locations and its coordinates have
provided in table 2.12.
2.17 Construction Yard, Parking and Stock Piling of Construction Materials
Main stockpiling area is proposed at the powerhouse and headwork area. Parking area will be
set up together with construction yard at both powerhouse site and headwork site. The location
of such sites is shown in topo map at Annex II. Boundary and fencing will be done between
campsite and stockpiling site.
Eleven excavator, Eleven loader, fifteen dump truck, twenty-five tractor, ten jeep is needed for
the project construction. Major Vehicles will be parked in construction yard. Along with these,
project needs other approximately 35 vehicles, so parking area will be allocated at each site.
Base of construction yard will be PCC with proper drainage management provided with grit
chamber. Dust production in this yard will be minimizing by sprinkling water twice a day.
Bunker house and army camp
Two separate structure (bunker house and army camp) will be built near Engineering camp site
at headworks and muck disposal sites near surge shaft for safe storage and handling of
explosive required for the project. The handling, storage and operation as well as security of
Bunker house and explosive and detonator will be done through Nepal Army.
Altogether 0.1 ha land area will be used temporarily for construction yard, parking and
stockpiling of construction materials including bunker house.
2.18 Crusher and Batching Plant
Both manual and mechanical stone crushing will be used in the project. Three crusher site and
Batching plant have been proposed for the project. Crusher will be installed having each
capacity 20 tons per hour. All these, crusher and batching plant will be immediately dismantled
after the completion of construction of the project. Commercial selling of generated crusher
plant product is strictly prohibited and will be limited to the project required volume only.
About 0.05 ha area will be used temporarily for the erection of crusher and batching plant
respectively.
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Table 2.12: Project facilities Location with Coordinates S. N. Location Coordinates
Camp Sites
1 Camp sites- 1 (Samekham) 27°27'19.80"N and 87°54'52.16"E
2 Camp sites-2 (Tartung) 27°26'52.99"N and 87°54'30.52"E
3 Camp Site 3 (Khebang, Near Power House) 27°25'32.45"N and 87°52'51.59"E
4 Bunker house and army camp 27°25'31.73"N and 87°53'26.92"E
Quarry Sites
1 Quarry site-1 (Near Samekham) 27°27'24.10"N and 87°54'49.71"E
2 Quarry site-3 (Khebang, Near Powerhouse) 27°26'28.14"N and 87°54'6.22"E
Crushing Plant
1 Crusher plant -1 27°26'53.13"N and 87°54'25.97"E
2 Crusher plant -2 27°26'26.81"N and 87°54'6.01"E
Stockpiling sites and yard
1 Stockpiling site 1 (Samekham) 27°27'19.80"N and 87°54'52.16"E
2 Stockpiling site 2 (Tartung) 27°26'52.99"N and 87°54'30.52"E
3 Stockpiling site-3 (Near Powerhouse site) 27°25'32.45"N and 87°52'51.59"E
Batching plant
1 Batching Plant -1 (Near Camp 2) 27°26'52.28"N and 87°54'26.31"E
2 Batching Plant – 2 27°26'25.88"N and 87°54'6.37"E
Disposal Sites
1 Muck disposal site-1 (Near Head Works) 27°27'19.39"N and 87°54'51.42"E
2 Muck disposal site -2 (Near Assess Road) 27°26'31.12"N and 87°54'12.68"E
3 Muck disposal site -3 (Near Rate Khola) 27°26'11.22"N and 87°53'57.56"E
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2077
2.19 Construction Human Resources
Both skilled and non-skilled human resource will be need for the construction of the project.
Engineer- 12 nos., Sub-Engineer – 20 nos., Skilled Labour: 40 nos., Semi-Skilled Labor: 48
nos., Unskilled Labour: 180 nos. of human resource will be engaged for the peak construction
period. So in total 300 human resources will be engaged in the project.
Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far as possible. The
project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar, Sukepani, Tarton, Selep, Kisongama,
Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining required skilled and semi-skilled human resource may be
hired from outside to the project site.
After the completion of the project, about 20 permanent jobs will be created. Local people from
the area will get priority for the employment during both construction and operation phase.\
2.20 Project Area Delineation
For the purpose of the EIA, the study area is defined as the project area consisting of the project
structures and facilities as well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
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operation of the project. The study area is divided into two parts based on the proximity and
magnitude of impacts.
The term “Project” indicates the proposed SKKHPP, 12 MW and the “area” includes the “core
project area” and the “surrounding area”. The term “project area” is also referred to as study
area for the EIA. The core project area and the surrounding areas are defined below:
2.20.1 Core Project Area
The term ''core project area'' implies the area consisting the project structures and facilities as
well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and operation of the project and
fenced off for safeguarding of various structures and facilities as well as the area permanently
acquired by the project.
The core project area includes dewatered river stretch between proposed intake and tailrace
outlet as core project area in ward 6, 7 and 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality where project
structures are located. The concerned wards in which project structures and facilities located
are considered "core project area". This area is later defined as "direct impact zone".
2.20.2 Surrounding Area
The term ''surrounding area'' indicates a greater area, which will directly or indirectly be
influenced by the implementation of the project. This area includes all wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality of Taplejung District where project is going to be established. The project
area is delineated is shown in Table 2.13.
Table 2.13: Project Area Delineation Project Component Core Area Surrounding Area Remarks
Diversion weir and
Intake
250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
All the project
structures will be
located within
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality ward 6,
7 and 8
Gravel Trap 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Approach Tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Settling Basin 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Headrace Tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Surge shaft 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Adit Portals 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Penstock pipe 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Powerhouse &
Switchyard
250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Tailrace tunnel 250 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Access Road 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Muck Disposal Sites 500 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Camp Areas 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Access Road 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
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Project Component Core Area Surrounding Area Remarks
Stockpiling Sites 100 m from construction site All wards of Sirijangha
Rural Municipality
Dewatered zone Sirijangha Rural
Municipality ward 6,7
and 8
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2077
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Figure 2.5: Map of Project Affected Rural Municipality
Source: Modified from MoFALD, 2077
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CHAPTER: III 3 EIA STUDY METHODOLOGY
The EIA process for SKKHP has followed EPR, 2054, EPA 2053, National EIA
guidelines, 2050, DoED EIA manuals, 2001 and 2004 and Guide to Environmental
Management Plan, 2006. In addition, EIA is prepared in compliance with other sectorial
legislations and guidelines of GoN such as Water Resource Act, 1992, National Forest Act,
2076, Soil and Water conservation Act, 1982, National Park and Wildlife Conservation
Act 1973, Local Government Operation Act, 2074, Land Acquisition Act, 1977, Ancient
Monument Protection Act, 1956, Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development
and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065, Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over
the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076, etc. based on field studies,
consultation with local area people and officials of local level governments (Rural
Municipality and DCC).
Data requirement for each environmental component i.e. physical, biological and socio-
economic and cultural were categorically identified and presented. Similarly, the methodology
of field data collection, impact identification, quantification and prediction; and public
consultation/involvement were also identified. The conditions stated in the approval of Scoping
and ToR were also reviewed and followed during the study of EIA.
In order to keep the study as per the Scoping and ToR of the study, the identified possible
impacts on physical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural environments during scoping
and terms of reference has been discussed, evaluated and the mitigation measures have been
proposed.
3.1 Desk Study
During the desk study, in addition to the review of environmental statutory legal provisions,
EIA manuals and guidelines approved Scoping and ToR document of SKKHP, Feasibility
Study Report, 2018 of SKKHP, Detail Design Report of SKKHP, 2018 were reviewed in detail
to come up with the project study requirements both at the desk level and at field level.
Information relating to project, particularly, the location of key project structures and facilities
are studied using 1:50,000 topographic maps to understand the biophysical environments of
the project. Published and unpublished literatures (TISC, 2002, Dictionary of Nepalese plants,
1998, approved EIA of nearby hydropower project) were reviewed to identify the plants and
animals of the project area of the project area pertaining to biological, social, chemical, physical
and cultural environments in the form of maps, etc. were also collected from various sources
and reviewed to get information on the coverage of the studies and data gaps that need to be
fulfilled during the field studies to accomplish the EIA requirements.
With above secondary information in hand, discussions and consultation meetings were carried
out with the project design engineers for further verification of the proponent's understanding
of the project location aspects, project construction and operation modalities, concentration of
activities in the different periods of project construction and operation, etc. Design merits and
demerits of the various alternative options of project development and operation were discussed
for the selection of best alternatives on the environmental grounds.
The above understanding of the project and the project area environmental status paved the
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
31
way for the development of checklists in different environmental sectors where information
were inadequate to fulfill the objectives of ToR. Discussions were held among the team of
experts on the field methodologies to obtain the database required for the impact evaluation of
the project. These exercises developed a sound foundation for the preparation of field study
schedules and methodology to be used during field studies to come up with required database
to satisfy the ToR requirement for impact evaluation.
3.2 Field Study
The field investigation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which comprised of a
wildlife expert, physical environment expert, environmentalist, sociologist, taxonomist, aquatic
life expert and surveyors. The design engineer of the proponent also assisted the team members
during the field survey. A weeklong field visit was conducted in Asoj, 2076 to collect baseline
and impact analysis for the EIA study of SKKHP. The study team carried out field visit in
Sirijangha Rural Municipality of Taplejung district. In 2076-06-05, public hearing was
conducted in Yamphuding, ward office of ward 8 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality.
Required baseline information on physical and cultural, chemical, biological, and socio-
economic conditions of direct and indirect impact areas of the project area were collected
during field visit. The information on different environmental components was collected by
using the following methods.
3.2.1 Physical Environment
Feasibility Study Report, 2076 of the proposed project were referred for the baseline
information regarding topography, hydrology, meteorology, seismology, geology,
mineral, soil, etc.
a) Topography and geomorphology
Physical features comprising land use, soil, and landslides/erosion were studied. Drainage
characteristics and hydrological behaviors of the Kabeli Khola was observed and documented.
Geomorphological characteristics were also studied and documented.
Characteristics of discontinuities and weathering patterns of the rock-mass along canal and
penstock alignment – continuity, roughness, attitudes, aperture, groundwater condition, rock
mass quality. Existence of precious, semi-precious, and non-precious minerals in the project
area of excavation and underground works were mentioned.
b) Geology, soil, erosion and land instability
Existing condition of landslides, phenomenon of occurrence, dimension, activity along the
project component;
Condition of slope stability and soil erosion in and around Headworks, Headrace tunnel,
surge shaft, penstock pipe, Powerhouse, Quarry site, Disposal Sites, project component
access roads, etc., considering parameters like slope angle, soil type/texture, seepage,
vegetation and landslide, depth of overburden, orientation of discontinuities of rock-mass,
and soil erosion;
Likelihood of triggering of existing slide, formation of new slides/slope instabilities, and
further aggravating soil erosion due to construction activities;
Rock and mineral type information;
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Characteristics of discontinuities and weathering pattern of rock mass along the penstock
alignment and powerhouse site depending on the project features;
Seismicity and risk of earthquakes.
c) Climate and hydrology
Climatic and hydrological data were collected and analyzed.
Number of tributaries and kholsi along the dewatered zone.
Identification of other water sources.
Water requirement for different project components and facilities.
d) Air quality
Present air conditions and sources of air pollution; likely air polluting activities and areas
during construction and operation of the project.
The average value dust fall was determined at different places by low volume sampler.
e) Water quality
Water quality parameters at headworks, dewatered stretch and tailrace point.
Waste water treatment procedure to be applied.
f) Soil Quality
Soil quality parameters (indicative of soil fertility) on the land which needs temporary
acquisition.
g) Minerals:
Mineral occurrences in the project area and surface excavation, both riverbed and outside, were
studied by the technical team.
h) Noise Level
Existing sources of noise and noise level.
Sources of data, method of data collection and location of data collection were properly cited.
Noise level at different locations for noise quality by using noise meter.
3.2.2 Biological Environments
Forest and vegetation, ecology, status and types
Vegetation, biodiversity and significance
Loss of vegetation due to project
Potential NTFPs, MAPs, agro-forestry and ethno-botanical species and their socio-
economic values (including the species used by local communities)
Identification of species and their composition in core project area
Coordination between project and KCA for the better management of biodiversity of
the area.
a) Wildlife status and habitats
Habitat of wild animals, fauna, and aquatic life affected by the project,
movement/migration corridor of animals, fauna, and aquatic life affected by the project.
Identification of habitat in project area affected by project components and construction
activities and surrounding area.
Wildlife biodiversity and significance.
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Habitat continuity and habitat connectivity, habitat condition in terms of degradation.
Fragmentation, human encroachments.
b) Aquatic Life
Aquatic biodiversity, habitat and ecological status
Fish population (species wise), size and weight of the catch, abundance, and
distribution. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was thrown
manually into the intake site and dewatered Zone of Kabeli Khola. Nos. of fishes
observed in each sampling stations, Species Composition and Dominancy; Percentage
Abundance at Sampling Stations; Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) at different sampling
stations; average fish length & weight, etc., was calculated and Migratory pattern and
conservation status of fishes were identified.
Threat and conservation status of each species
Identification, status, and location of aquatic habitat including Run, Riffle, and Pool,
and spawning area in/around the headworks/intakes as well as in dewatered zone
Mapping of aquatic habitat including Run, Riffle, and Pool
Flow (discharge/velocity/water depth) requirement to maintain habitat
Aquatic life other than fish species like Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, aquatic insects
Threatened and conservation status of flora and fauna based on GoN list, National Park
and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, IUCN Red Data Book and CITES List
3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
Demographic characteristics (population, ethnicity, literacy, religion, health and sanitation,
occupational status, income and expenditure, economic activities, etc.) of HEP impact district,
rural municipality and wards.
Demographic characteristics (population, ethnicity, literacy, religion, health and sanitation,
occupational status, income and expenditure, economic activities etc.) of project affected
Households.
Gender Analysis: Gender division of labor-agriculture related activities, household activities,
other income generating activities, role of gender in decision making, ownership over property,
exposure to outside world marketing, membership in different organization, through focus
group discussion for major caste groups.
Economic Concern: Land use and land capability, production and sale, sources of income,
livestock holding, expenditure pattern, holding of household assets, food sufficiency, ineptness,
coping strategies, etc. of impact wards
Infrastructure and social support service facilities of Project impact areas (Schools, and
locally active institutions, health post, motorable road and other infrastructure etc.) and access
of local people to these social facilities
Agriculture practice and production of the Project affected wards, food sufficiency status of
the impact wards
Agriculture practice and production of HP direct impact area
Prevailing market price of land and property in the HP direct impact areas. Price of local
commodity from market survey.
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Existing water use at downstream and quantity of water requirement to them
Further possibility of water use of water related project both upstream and downstream of
head works
In case of water use conflict, concurrent letter with the existing or probable water use
groups
Cultural, historical, archeological sites and practice along the project delineated area and
their significance among different caste/ethnic groups
Study of Indigenous community
Study of cultural and religious practice
Use of NTFPs, dependency of local people on NTFPs, Commercially important NTFPs and
annual turnover
Sock and Vulnerability-landslides, flood epidemics, losses due to wild animals and coping
strategies
Expectation from the project and desired mode of compensations to the affected families.
Possibilities of social ill such as HIV/AIDS/STDs/Prostitution, etc.
3.3 Data Collection Procedure
Required information, database, for the EIA study was collected using the following
procedures:
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The different steps of EIA methodology are described below:
3.3.1 Literature Review
During the literature review, the review of environmental statutory legal provisions, EIA
manuals and guidelines, approved ToR document of SKKHP, Feasibility Study Report, 2076
of SKKHP, were reviewed in detail to come up with the project study requirements both at the
desk level and at field level. Information relating to project, particularly, the location of key
project structures and facilities were studied using 1:50000 topographic maps to understand the
biophysical environment of the project. Secondary literatures in the form of reports and maps,
topographic maps, land use maps, land capability maps, land system maps, aerial photographs,
etc. were collected from different sources and reviewed. Published literatures such as Tree
Improvement and Silviculture Component (TISC), 2002 and Dictionary of Nepalese Plant
Names, 1998 were reviewed to identify the plants and animals of the project area. Published
and unpublished literatures of the project area pertaining to biological, social, chemical,
physical and cultural environments in the form of maps, etc. were also collected from various
sources and reviewed to get information on the coverage of the studies and data gaps that need
Draft EIA Report Preparation
Field Study
Physical and Chemical Environment
Biological Environment
Socio-economic Environment
Methodology
Literature Review
Data Analysis
Public Hearing
Preparation of Final EIA Report
Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for EIA Methodology
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to be fulfilled during the field studies to accomplish the EIA requirements. However, the focus
of the literature survey was concentrated on proposal specific issues and related baseline
environment.
3.3.2 Field Study and Site Inspection
Field studies were conducted in proposal areas in an extensive manner. Investigations were
targeted to fill in the data gaps identified during the literature survey as per the requirement of
assessment study. The field investigation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which
comprised of KCA as recommended by MoFE, wildlife expert, physical environment expert,
environmentalist, sociologist, taxonomist, aquatic life expert and surveyors. Required baseline
information on physical and cultural, chemical, biological, and socio-economic conditions of
direct and indirect impact areas of the project area were collected during field visit. The
information on different environmental components was collected by using the following
methods.
3.3.2.1 Physical Environmental Survey
Physical environment study was carried out by delineating the area, which might be affected
by the proposal activities during construction and operation of the SKKHP main components
and support facilities. In order to collect baseline information on physical environment, an
intensive field investigation along the proposed project site was carried out using a checklist.
Field survey was carried out for the study of topography, Geomorphology, Geology, Soil, and
Land stability.
Site-specific information on the above sectors was collected for the identification of physically
critical areas particularly landslide and erosion prone areas and was demarcated in the maps.
Land degradation sites identified from the Land use maps/topographic maps were visited to
verify the status of soil erosion, landslides and other forms of degradation by direct
observations. Discussions were held with the local communities on the seasonal activities of
the geomorphic agencies such as rain, water, and air, which influence the soil erosion and land
degradation.
Direct observations of the project area were made to elucidate and evaluate the sources of air
polluting sources. The average value dust fall was determined at different places by Low
Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type). Direct observations of the project area were made to
elucidate and evaluate the sources of air polluting sources. The average value dust fall was
determined at camp site at Yamfudin village by Low Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type).
(Table 4.8). Direct observation and measurements of sound pressure level at different locations
for noise quality by noise meter was done. Noise data was taken three times a day for four days.
Sound level meter for 30 minutes each at five locations, three times a day were taken and its
average value was recorded.
Samples of water from different areas were collected for the test. Different water parameters
were determined (Table 4.9) during lab analysis. Any other pollution related
informationsinformation was collected in the project-affected areas due to the project.
Information about climate change indicators (emission of greenhouse gases, temperature, and
precipitation) were collected in the project areas. Hydrological and Climatological data were
taken as source from the latest feasibility report of the project. Mineral occurrences in the
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project area, surface excavation both riverbed and outside was studied by environmental and
technical team. Any further water use conflict due to project implementation was observed.
Past occurrence of earthquake and analysis of seismic map of region or Nepal was also done.
3.3.2.2 Biological Environmental Survey
A walkthrough survey along with interview with the key informants were carried out in the
project area for collecting information on the effect of project activities on biological
environment of project direct and indirect impact area particularly on forest, and wildlife by
using a sample checklist and questionnaire.
Total enumeration was done for tree loss due to project. The loss of plants including threatened
species (endangered, vulnerable, rare, commercially threatened, etc. as per IUCN Red Book,
CITES Appendices and NPWC act list) was enumerated in the direct impact areas of the project
site. Height and girth of each tree species was measured to know species wise number of trees
and calculate the standing wood volume, which needs to be cleared for the development of the
project. The classification of trees, poles, and saplings used in the study is: Trees over 30 cm
DBH are considered as timber trees, trees having 10 to 30 cm DBH are referred to as pole size
trees and trees with less than 10 cm DBH are termed saplings. Based on this information, loss
of tree species and loss of standing wood were calculated.
Survey of wildlife biodiversity, their habitats, modes of mobility, burrows, footprints, pallets,
ground digging and marking, remains (skin, fur, feathers, bones, etc.), nests, holes, behaviors
and migratory routes, etc. were carried out in the field by walk through survey. Transect method
was used to identify the status of wildlife. Besides, participatory interaction with local required
to unravel the linkages between wildlife habitats and proposal activities. The indicator wildlife
and threatened or endangered species (as per IUCN Red Book, CITES Appendices, and NPWC
act list) in the area were identified by direct observational surveys and consultations with the
local communities. Such species of conservation significance were studied in detail to unravel
their habitat location and habitat conditions, feeding, breeding and nesting requirements.
Occurrence of NTFPs and medicinal plants were studied. Ethnobotany of the area and NTFPs
and medicinal plants used by the local people was studied by interaction with them. Fodder
plant species of the area were identified via walk through survey, sampling and interaction with
local people.
Birds in the area were studied by observation of sight and noting their sounds. Birdcalls, tracks,
eggs and nests were referred in recognizing the presence of birds and the extent of their
territories. The number of different kinds of birds including rare, endangered, etc. (as per IUCN
Red Book, CITES Appendices, and NPWC act list) heard or observed during a walk within the
specified time of specified length and direction was used as an indicator to estimate abundance,
range and typical habitats for feeding, breeding and nesting requirements.
Aquatic life including phytoplankton, zooplanktons, and insects were studied by using plankton
net and sampling net from the proposed tailrace end to the Dam site at Kabeli Khola. Similarly,
to understand the status of fish, sampling was done in different sections of river stretch from
head works to tailrace areas. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was
thrown manually into the intake site and dewatered Zone of the Kabeli Khola. This procedure
was repeated twice a day for 4 days during pre-monsoon season. The spawning habitats at the
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riverbed, seasonal and migratory, breeding, and feeding characteristics of fish were studied to
unravel the potential impacts of the project construction and operational activities on the
fishery.
Environment flow required for the survival of aquatic species along the dewatered zone was
studied.
3.3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Survey
Information on general socio-economic conditions of the people of the project-affected wards
was collected through:
All the land area to be permanently acquired was identified in field. Census survey of
each of the directly affected households was surveyed for their socio-economic
conditions using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were used for the
analysis and interpretation of Social Households Livelihood Survey, Gender Analysis,
Property Ownership, Women’s Role in Household Design making, etc.
Group discussions at wards
Study of indigenous community
Cultural and religious practice of the project area
Community meetings at major settlement of Project area
The data collection instruments were used to collect data on directly and indirectly
affected people, as tentatively been estimated, as shown in Table 3.1. Other data
collection formats were prepared to compile statistics of the district in order to assess
the regional economic impact of the SKKHP.
Table 3.1: Target Groups for Socio-Economic and Cultural Data Collection Affected People Type EIA Study Target
Directly Affected People
Families whose house or land has to be
acquired temporarily or permanently for the
project
HHs of Sirijangha Rural Municipality, ward 6, 7 and 8 whose
HHs/land will be affected due to project component
The exact no of families whose house or land is affected by
the project has confirmed during field investigation and those
land and property permanently lost were taken census survey.
Indirectly Affected People
Families or villages that will be disrupted or
benefit from the construction activities, road
access, and project operation
Sirijangha Rural Municipality
The survey question included, the family size, education, health, religion, economic activities,
land holding size, agricultural production, horticultural production, livestock, household
income (farm and off farm), general household expenditures, etc. to unravel the living status of
the affected households.
The information included demographic features of the households, migration pattern,
employment, landholding size, agricultural production, food sufficiency, other productive
resources, livestock holdings, access to different social infrastructures such as drinking water,
education, health-posts, general health, hygiene and sanitation condition, etc.
Demographic statistics of local people at Rural Municipality, ward were sourced from 2011
census data published by CBS, profile of project affected Rural Municipality and District
Profile of Taplejung District.
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Census survey was carried out for affected households whose land or property acquired for the
project.
Information on social infrastructures such as schools, health posts, drinking water, etc. were
collected from the ward offices, consultation with village elites and through focus group
discussions at ward levels to assess the current situation of these facilities and the general
sanitation status of the project area communities. Information of the conditions of these
facilities, their adequacy and beneficiary population were collected. Participatory rural
appraisal was carried out in the project area to collect such information.
All sites of religious, cultural and historical importance in the directly project affected area
were visited and observed. Possible impacts on such area were identified and mitigation
measures were proposed. The social, cultural and religious values and significance of these
sites were noted through consultations with the communities. Possibilities of protecting,
conserving, or relocating such sites were also examined thoroughly in consultations with local
people, priests and village elites.
3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation
3.4.1 Physical Environment
Most of the physical environmental impacts or issues were identified predicted and evaluated
on observation and ad-hoc basis during EIA field. Water samples were tested and analyzed in
lab and expert interpretation were carried out. Physical data on landslide, slope instability were
analyzed based on field visit and interpretation. Geological and geo-morphological data were
analyzed based on the feasibility survey of SKKHP. Existing solid waste management practices
were studied during observation and consultations. The record on the environment was
collected by using the simple checklists (XIII).
The concentrations of air particulates were determined following the standard value of total
suspended air particulates of National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Nepal, 2012. Sound
level meter was used for the measurement of noise level in the field and compared with the
National ambient sound pressure level standards 2012.
Methods employed for the data collection were indirect assessment of air quality; water sample
collection at Kabeli khola and laboratory analysis for water quality; and direct observation and
measurements of sound pressure level at five locations (headwork, headrace tunnel, surge shaft,
penstock pipe, powerhouse) for noise quality by noise meter. Noise data was taken three times
a day for four days. Apart from the above information, discussions were carried out with local
communities for gathering information on air, water, noise and solid waste.
Estimation on the reduction GHG gas and its contribution on Climate Change were also studied.
3.4.2 Biological Environment
a. Vegetation survey
The quantitative data from total enumerations were used for the analysis of basal area, wood
volume and biomass.
Data Analysis for Tree species
Diameter and height of all trees that will be cut down during project implementation were
recorded. The tree species found around the project area were also recorded during field visit.
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The stand size of classification of tree and pole is presented in Table 3.2. The classification is
done based on Community Forest Guidelines, 2071.
Table 3.2: Stand size classifications S. N. Stand Size DBH (cm)
1 Poles 10-30 cm
2 Tree >30 cm
Source: Community Forest Guidelines, 2071
The quantitative data from total enumeration was used for the analysis of basal area, relative
basal area, crown coverage, and wood volume using appropriate tools and were presented in
the formats listed in checklist. Similarly herbs and shrubs observed during the field were listed.
Besides, enumeration of the trees of the forest areas, which will be affected during construction
of project structures, was carried out. Height and girth of each tree species, which will be
cleared during construction of project components, was measured to know species wise number
of trees and calculate the standing wood volume. The categorization of trees, poles, and
saplings was done based on the dbh, as those with more than 30 cm dbh were considered as
trees and such with 10 to 30 cm dbh as poles. Based on this information, loss of tree species
and loss of standing wood volume, were calculated for each tree species using following
formulas:
Basal Area and Wood Volume Calculation
It is calculated at breast height (1.37 m) and estimated as:
BA= 𝜋d2/4
Volume (m³) = Basal Area x Tree height x Form factor,
Where form factor = 0.5
For calculating biomass quantity of foliage and fuel wood, a biomass and volume table with
species description for community forest management (TISC, technical paper series no.101,
published in 2000, by Department of Forest/MoFSC) was used. The valuation of standing
biomass was calculated as per the Forest Act, 2076.
Further, the loss of forest species, type, volume and number of trees to be cut down etc.
were identified and calculated as per the format given in checklist.
Occurrence of NTFPs and medicinal plants were studied.
Information on the ethnobotany of the area (NTFPs and medicinal plants used by the
local people) was gathered through interaction with local people.
Fodder plant species of the area were recorded by walk through survey, sampling and
interaction with local people.
Regional biodiversity, ethnobotany, agrobiodiversity, and NTFPs were identified using
relevant literatures and reference sources, which was also verified in field by visual
observation, PRA and with the help of key informants of local area.
b. Wildlife Survey
i) Mammals Survey
To understand the wildlife diversity, habitat and ecology, both direct and indirect methods were
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used. Transect walks were performed to know the status of mammals in each forest area close
to the project site three times in a day, viz early morning, afternoon, and late evening. Mammals
observed along the corridor were recorded, along with information on their habitat. This
method of continuous recording (Chalise et al. 2003) was adopted for the collection of general
information on species diversity and population by direct observations. This method is also
known as Visual Encountered Sampling to reflect wildlife population and diversity. Besides, a
ten-minute scan sampling was also undertaken in each transect corridor to observe mammals’
species diversity in forest areas. This method was repeated several times during the observation
session and shifting the observation site in each hour interval. Continuous and libitum sampling
was also performed during the forest walk and all new observations were recorded (Altmann,
1974).
The presence of mammals were also recorded by the identification of pug marks/footprints,
droppings/pellets, ground digging and uprooting, tree scratching and marking, remains (skin,
fur, feathers, bones, horns/antlers and carcasses), holes and burrows, etc. In addition, call
counts, cries, smell/odor, left-over food, trampling of plants, flowers and fruit bunches were
also recorded. Additional information on mammal’s movements was obtained from discussions
with a range of stakeholders that included KCA personnel, local farmers, etc. Mammals
occurring in the project alignment were identified and analyzed based on literature review,
visual and PRA methods.
ii. Avifauna Survey
The identification of droppings/pellets, remains (skin, feathers, bones and carcasses), nests, etc.
also helped to record the presence birds. In addition, call counts, cries, including others, were
also recorded. Additional information on birds was obtained from discussions with a range of
stakeholders that included KCA personnel, local farmers, etc.
To understand the bird diversity, habitat and ecology, both direct and indirect methods were
used. Transect surveys were performed to observe bird status in each forest areas located close
to the project site two times in a day, viz early morning and late evening. Birds observed
along the corridor were recorded, along with information on their habitats. Besides, a ten-
minute scan sampling was also done in each transect corridor to observe avian species diversity
in forest areas. This was repeated several times during the observation session, and shifting the
observation site in an interval of an hour. Additional information on presence and movements
of avifauna was obtained from discussions with a range of local stakeholders including KCA,
local key people, etc. Avifauna were identified and analyzed based on literature review, visual
and PRA methods.
iii) Herpetofauna Survey
Visual encounter surveys (VES) were done for recording of herpetofauna. This is one of the
inexpensive, easy to implement and efficient over diverse habitats (Manley et al. 2004). This
method is of additional benefits like low site disturbance, low animal mortality, ease of
implementation in terrestrial or aquatic environments.
The sampling was done twice a day. The focus was given on finding species of amphibians and
reptiles as possible. For this, a 25 m*25 m quadrat was made in each 400 m interval, for which
suitable habitats like rocks, logs and tree bottoms were searched. In addition, presence of
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swamp and marshy areas along the transect was also searched. Each site was studied for 5
minutes. Searches were conducted using long-handled dipnets and overturning rocks and logs.
Additional information on the movements of herpetofauna was obtained from discussions with
a range of stakeholders including KCA, local key people, etc. Herpatofauna were identified
and analyzed based on literature review, visual and PRA methods.
iv) Status of Rare/Endangered and Protected Flora and Fauna
The rare endangered, and protected plant species were categorized according to IUCN Red
Data Book, CITES Appendices and NPWC act's list of protected plant species. Mitigation plan
for such plant species are proposed based on the baseline situation of the project area.
v) Aquatic Habitat and Species
To understand the status of fish, sampling was done in different sections of river ranging from
head works to tailrace. Fish sampling was done using hand cast net. The cast net was thrown
manually into the Kabeli khola. This procedure was repeated twice a day for 4 days. Similarly,
zooplanktons, phytoplankton and aquatic insects were collected from all sampling stations.
Using 50 mm mesh plankton net, 110 liters of river water was filtered with the help of a 100
ml jug. Zooplanktons collected in the plankton net were transferred in to the sample bottle.
Few drops of 5 % formaldehyde solution were added in to the plankton sample for preservation.
The preserved sample was taken to the biological laboratory of private sector at Kathmandu for
further identification with the help of microscope and available literatures.
One liter of water sample was collected in a glass jar. Then, the Lugal’s solution was added
into the glass jar until the weak tea colour appeared. Then, it was allowed to settle down for 15
hours. The preserved sample was siphoned out with the help of plastic tube. The sample
solution was siphoned until it reached 50 ml mark in the glass jar. Then, the bottom solution of
phytoplankton was transferred into the sample bottle. The preserved sample was brought back
to the laboratory for identification.
D-net (Drift net) and forceps were used to collect aquatic insects, which were preserved in 10%
formalin until identification. Edmondson (1959) preservation method was used as the main
reference.
Environment flow of the stream was proposed based on the size, frequency of occurrence,
migratory range of available species and it is 10% of monthly flow.
3.4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
The study utilized both primary and secondary information for socio-economic and cultural
data collection. Census survey was carried out for affected households whose land or property
will be acquired for the project. Such data collected from household survey and key informant
interview were transferred to standard tabular form (attached in annex, checklist for EIA study)
and interpreted. The tables attached in checklist were used to collect data on impact on socio-
economic interview. Such data then were transferred to excel spreadsheet and word. The data
were interpreted by expert judgments. Excel sheets were used for the analysis of data.
The socio-economically useful and commercially important timbers as well as Non-Timber
Forest Products (NTFPs) of the project-impact area were investigated by an ethnobotanical
survey, key informant survey and focus group discussion. The costs of lost tree volume, NTFPs,
were analyzed based on current local market price.
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Project affected families which need to acquire land or properties were considered as project
affected families. Furthermore, families, whose land or property to be acquired by project when
exceeds 50% of their total owned land or property, were considered as severely project affected
families.
The questionnaires were used for the analysis and interpretation of Social Households
Livelihood Survey. The questionnaire / checklist was designed in such a way that the Gender
Analysis, Property Ownership, Women’s Role in Household Design making, etc. could be well
analyzed.
For, collection of primary data related to socio-economic and cultural environment during EIA
study of SKKHP, following methods were used:
A. Household survey Questionnaires
Household questionnaire survey was conducted in all 25 Project Affected Families using the
structured questionnaires to obtain baseline information on demographic and educational
status, ownership patterns and farm practices, energy sources, income and expenditures,
livestock, socio-economic and cultural data and information.
B. Key Informant Interview
In order to enumerate the collective perception of the people for the implementation of SKKHP,
meeting with key people and local stakeholders were in different locations of Sirijangha Rural
Municipality in close coordination with local Concern Committee. In such meetings, various
key people of settlements were involved.
Key informant interviews were conducted in the project area to obtain the information on the
status of the resources, economic status, infrastructure development, users' perceptions,
community development and peoples' participation. Such a survey was necessary to determine
the issues, which were not addressed by other survey methods.
C. Cultural and Religious Sites
The cultural environments of the project area, relating to cultural sites, archeological/historical
and religious sites were studied using the checklist. The methods used for cultural
environment’s studies were direct observation of the cultural sites (Temples, cremation
grounds, festival sites, etc.) and historical /archaeological sites within the direct project affected
areas. Other information related to the culture and religious sites were collected by focus group
discussions and key informant survey (cultural practices, traditions, significance etc.).
3.5 Public Consultation and Involvement
Regular informal public consultation is a part of the EIA study. Local people were consulted
in a number of occasions and forums through Focus Group Discussions, key informant
interviews, household interviews, and meeting with line to enrich the knowledge on the local
physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments of the area. Information
pertaining to the optimum environmental mitigation options and environmental enhancement
measures was also obtained from the discussions and consultations with the local people.
The information solicited was used extensively in finding the consensus for the implementation
of the project and preparation of this EIA report, particularly for the environmental baseline,
prediction of environmental impacts, design of mitigation and monitoring and in the
preparation of environmental enhancement programs.
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The issues raised during public consultation are listed in table below and the obligatory and
non-obligatory issues, concern and demands of consultations and their prioritization are
presented in Table 3.3.
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Table 3.3: Summary of local consultation S.N Location Date (B.S.) Issues raised in consultation
1 Sirijungha Rural Municipalities
ward no: 6 of Taplejung District
2077/04 /19 Proper compensation should be provided for the project-affected land during project
implementations.
Proper compensation should be provided for the project affected plants and trees.
Afforestation program must be held for the loss of trees
Electricity facilities should be provided to the local people.
Employment opportunity should be given to the local people according to their skill and ability
Share should be provided to the local people.
Project should reconstruct the temples, road, bridge, gumba, etc. as compensation of its
destruction.
2 Sirijungha Rural Municipalities
ward no: 7 of Taplejung District
2077/04/ 20 During the construction of project effect on living and grazing of Wild life should be
minimized.
Hunting of Wild animal and birds should be prohibited.
If there is chances of causing any effect on wildlife then their habitat must be conserved
including social awareness program
On the Project affected area suitable trees should be planted .
Proper compensation of Land and project affected people should be provided with
employement
3 Sirijungha Rural Municipalities
ward no: 8 of Taplejung District
2077/04/ 21 Proper compensation should be provided for the project-affected land during project
implementations.
Proper compensation should be provided for the project affected plants and trees.
Afforestation program must be held for the loss of trees.
Employment opportunity should be given to the local people according to their skill and ability.
Share should be provided to the local people.
Electricity facilities should be provided to the local people.
Project should reconstruct the temples, road, bridge, gumba, etc. as compensation of its
destruction.
EIA Field Survey, 2077
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D. Reporting
All relevant primary and secondary data collected from the field survey were analyzed and
tabulated. Existing environmental conditions were evaluated using standard methods such as
checklists, questionnaires/matrices, and expert judgment. The information was processed and
presented in tables and maps with illustrations at appropriate places in the text.
3.6 Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation
Matrix method was used to assess impact of the project on physical, biological and socio-
economic and cultural environments. The significance of both identified and predicted impacts
were evaluated. Based on the evaluation each significant impact was further categorized as
high, medium and low in terms of magnitude, short term, medium term and long term in terms
of duration and local, site specific and regional in terms of extent. The magnitude, extent and
duration were categorized as per National EIA Guideline, 2050.
3.6.1 Significance of Impacts
Significant: If the impact is considerable and changes the baseline condition, it is considered
significant impact.
Insignificant: If the change is so minor that baseline condition is not affected considerably, it
is called insignificant.
Magnitude of Impacts
Low Impact (L): If the value of the resources could be used with no or minimum
inconvenience to the public.
Medium/Moderate Impact (M): If the value of the resources could be used with
inconvenience to the public.
High Impact (H): If the value of the resources reduced far below the publicly acceptable level.
3.6.2 3.6.2 Extent of Impacts
Site Specific (S): If the impact is limited to the project area then it is a site specific one.
Local (L): If the impact of the work extends to the watershed then it is termed as local.
Regional (R): If the impact of the work extends beyond the watershed then it is termed as
regional.
National (N): If the resources are affected at national scale, it is known as a national impact.
3.6.3 Duration of Impacts
Short Term (ST): If the impacts last for 3 years after project initiation, it is classified as short
term. The construction phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category.
Medium Term (MT): An impact that continues for more than 3 years but less than 20 years
is considered as medium-term. The construction phase impacts, which last until 1-2 years of
operation phase fall under this category.
Long Term (LT): An impact that lasts beyond 20 years is considered to be long term. The
operation phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category.
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Table 3.4: Categorization of magnitude, extent and duration Impact Category Score
Magnitude High (H) 60
Medium (M) 20
Low (L) 10
Extend Regional (R) 60
Local (L) 20
Site Specific (SS) 10
Duration Long Term (LT) 20
Mid Term (MT) 10
Short Term (ST) 5
Source: Modified from National EIA Guideline, 2050
On the basis of expert judgment following scoring method were used for the identification and
prediction of significance of impacts.
Table 3.5: Categorization of Significance of Impacts Impact Category Score
Significant Significant (S) Greater then 75
Moderately Significant (MS) 50 to 75
Insignificant (I) Less than 50
Based on the above categorization and numerical values, issues considered for EIA study were
prioritized by preparing an EIA matrix.
3.7 Public Hearing and Consultation
Regular public consultation is a part of the EIA study throughout the EIA study period. Local
people were consulted in a number of occasions and forums to enrich the knowledge on the
local physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment of the area.
Information pertaining to optimum environmental mitigation options and environmental
enhancement measures was also obtained from the discussions and consultations with the local
people.
A public hearing was organized in Yamphudin, ward 8 ward office of Sirijangha Rural
Municipality, Taplejung on 05 Ashoj 2076. The summary of the public hearing is included in
Annex VI. The people of local area were informed at beforehand through posting of public
notices and other local meetings. A pubic deed of enquiry of the notification was also
performed (Annex V and Annex VI).
Total number of 61 people participated in the public hearing meeting (Annex V). A number of
local area representative expressed their views on the proposed project. Comments and
suggestions on the EIA report were received both from directly and indirectly affected people
of the area. A summary of the public consultation deliberations, comments and suggestions are
presented in Annex VI. This EIA report has included such concerns and suggestions received
in the public hearing meetings under Environmental Mitigation Measures and Environmental
Enhancement Measures. The recommendation letters from the project affected Rural
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Municipality and other local organizations from project-affected settlements are included in
Annex VII.
3.7.1 Issues and concerns shown by the stakeholders in response to the Public Hearing
and interaction meetings
From the interaction meetings and public hearing, it was found that the local people were very
happy towards the project; they want the project to be implemented as soon as possible.
Besides, stakeholders have different opinions and concerns about the project that are listed
below:
i. From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke
Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project Area, Project should construct
black top Road.
ii. Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7.
iii. Distribution of free electricity to the locals.
iv. Use of local resources and priority of employment to the locals.
v. Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7 to teach technical subject like Science.
vi. Proper compensation to the land owners acoording to agreements between them.
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CHAPTER: IV 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
4.1 Physical Environment
4.1.1 Topography
The major part of the project area is located in the Mid-Mountain. Kabeli river is flowing from
north to south direction and it flows towards east-west after joining Iwa Khola. Kabeli river is
a snow and rain fed river originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna
Himalaya, at an elevation of about 5500 m amsl. There are few active landslides along Kabeli
river catchment which are major sediment contributor. Kabeli River is a high gradient river.
Recent alluvial deposits are located along and on the side of the river. Some recent terraces are
barren. Hills in the area are covered with forest and vegetation. The average gradient of the
river is steep and is about 7%. The average gradient of the river in between the proposed weir
site and powerhouse site is about 15.0%.
The proposed headworks area lies at 50 m upstream from the confluence of Kabeli River and
Chinabu Khola along gentle slope. The intake and settling basin area of the proposed alignment
lies at the left bank of Kablei Khola in river terrace deposit. The proposed waterway alignment
passes along gentle (mostly) to steep slope in the certain stretch. The surge shaft lies at
relatively steep slope comprising rock mass. The penstock alignment passes along relatively
steep slope comprising bed rock. The proposed powerhouse area and tailrace area lies along
the moderately sloped colluvial and alluvial terrace deposit.
4.1.2 Catchment characteristics
The Kabeli river is one of the major tributaries of Kabeli khola. Kabeli river is a snow fed river
originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna Himalaya. The catchment area
of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project at the proposed intake is calculated to be 162.05
square kilometer. The catchment area below of the basin below 5000 m elevation is 161.36
km2 and below 3000 m elevation is 49.48 km2.
The snow component in the river flow makes it a perennial river with sustained dry season
flow. Kabeli river flow east-west from the Lami Dada where it meet with Hadi Khola increasing
the discharge in the river. Amji Khola is a major tributary of Kabeli river which flows north-
south and meets Kabeli river at Thungim village. The proposed weir site is located at about El.
1703 m immediate upstream of confluence of Kabeli river and Amji Khola.
The basin area of Kabeli River shows a wide variation in topography of land. Kabeli River is
nearly fan in shape. On the right bank of Kabeli River some widely cultivated land and
settlement of Thugim and Mamamkhe village are situated where as on the left bank, forest and
cultivated shrub of Cardamom can be found. The length of its main stream from the origin to
the headworks site is about 16 km and about 22 km to the powerhouse site.
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Figure 4.1: Google Earth image of catchment area
Source: Google Earth Pro, 2077
4.1.3 Climate
The climate of this basin area is cold and Tundra type. Arid is strongly influenced by the
topographical relief. The air temperature decreases from south to north. The air temperature in
the project area ranges from about 2.6 C in winter to 26.8 C in summer. The minimum
temperature within the catchment area is recorded as 0 C. The coldest months are January and
February of a year. The monsoon rainfall occurs from the month of June to August. Snowfall
is experience typically during the cold weather of November month to March at the higher
altitudes of the catchment area.
There are no meteorological station within the catchment area. However there are a number of
meteorological station in vicinity of Kabeli basin which are installed and monitored by
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), Government of Nepal (GoN). The stations
are listed in the table and shown in figure below.
Table 4.1: Precipitation and elevation of different stations SN Station Precipitation (mm) Elevation
Annual Monsoon'
1 Taplethok 2561 1979 1383
2 Lungthung 2200 1724 1760
3 Taplejung 2003 1438 1732
4 Dovan 1616 1158 763
5 Memeng Jagat 2071 1506 1830
6 Phidim 1335 974 1205
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
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4.1.4 Hydrology
The Kabeli River is one of the major tributaries of Kabeli khola. Kabeli River is a snow fed
river originating from southern corner of Kanchanjunga-Kumbakarna Himalaya. The
catchment area of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project at the proposed intake is calculated
to be 162.05 square kilometer. The catchment area below of the basin below 5000 m elevation
is 161.36 km2 and below 3000 m elevation is 49.48 km2.
Figure 4.2: Catchment Area of Kabeli Khola at Proposed Intake (Feasibility Study Report of
SKKHEP, 2076)
Source: DHM, 2018
4.1.4.1 Flow Analysis
Following various methods adopted for unguaged catchment in NEPAL are applied to find the
long term mean monthly flows for Kabeli River. The methods used are Hydest, DHM_2004,
MIP, MHSP and Catchment Correlation.
A Comparison table of mean monthly flows is made between aforementioned methods so that
it would be easy to visualize the best method to be used in further analysis which is presented
in Table 4.2 and the hydrographs thus obtained are shown in Figure 4.3
Table 4.2: Comparison table for mean monthly flows Month Mean Monthly Flows, Q m3/s
HYDEST DHM-
2004
MIP MHSP CAR
mulghat
CAR majhitar
Jan 2.06 2.62 7.87 2.53 1.96 2.06
Feb 1.76 2.28 5.90 2.08 1.62 1.76
Mar 1.58 2.37 4.26 1.90 1.59 1.84
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Month Mean Monthly Flows, Q m3/s
HYDEST DHM-
2004
MIP MHSP CAR
mulghat
CAR majhitar
Apr 1.62 2.26 3.28 2.31 2.35 2.83
May 2.16 2.98 8.52 2.63 5.18 5.17
Jun 7.33 8.42 19.67 8.32 13.76 12.59
Jul 22.48 18.05 47.53 24.51 27.20 26.02
Aug 27.09 26.77 81.95 29.32 30.17 31.00
Sep 20.75 17.61 54.08 22.90 21.51 19.12
Oct 9.14 8.90 26.22 10.78 9.94 8.27
Nov 3.96 4.55 13.44 5.20 4.45 4.05
Dec 2.59 3.19 10.16 3.36 2.72 2.68
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
Figure 4.3: Hydrograph of mean monthly flows from different methods
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
Being a major tributary and considering hydro-meteorically similar catchment, CAR method
is found to be satisfactory for the hydrological analysis of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower
Project area. Since, the Mulghat station has 46 years of data and thus considering reliability,
flow data obtained from CAR with Mulghat are adopted as mean monthly flow for further
analysis.
4.1.4.2 Flow Duration Curve Estimation
A flow duration curve is an exceedance probability discharge curve, which shows the
percentage of time a particular flow is equaled or exceeded. The correlated discharge has been
used to develop the Flow Duration Curve. The corresponding discharge at an interval of 10%
probability of exceedance is summarized on Table 4.3. The Flow Duration Curve is shown in
Figure 4.4.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Flo
w (
m3
/s)
HYDEST DHM-2004 MHSP CAR mulghat CAR majhitar
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Table 4.3: Time Exceedence of Discharges at Dam site Time Exceedence (%) Percentile discharge (m3/s)
10 27.11
15 23.78
20 19.69
25 17.07
30 12.94
35 9.65
40 7.87
44.6 5.9
45 5.73
50 4.71
55 3.80
60 3.22
65 2.75
70 2.44
75 2.18
80 1.98
85 1.71
90 1.47
95 1.25
100 0.47
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
Figure 4.4: Flow Duration Curve
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
From the above figure, the design discharge of 5.9 m3/s has been adopted with 44.6%
probability of exceedance.
4.1.4.3 Analysis of Flood Hydrology
Following table (Table 4.4) presents the different return period floods at the intake site, the
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pe
rce
nti
le d
isch
arge
(m
3/s
)
Time Exceedence (%)
Flow Duration Curve
Q 44.6 %= 5.9 m3/s
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flood analysis is presented in Appendices of this report.
Table 4.4: Different return period floods at intake site, m3/s Return period HYDEST DHM-2004 MHSP Log-
Pearson
Type III
Distribution
Log Normal
Distribution
Gumbel
extreme
value
distribution
2 34 66 83 84 85
5 53 119 228 118 118 118
10 66 163 142 141 141
20 80 212 363 167 164 162
50 99 283 466 200 193 190
100 114 344 551 227 216 211
1000 169 592 922 324 295 280
10000 234 926 1458 440 381 349
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
Figure 4.5: Logarithmic chart of different return period floods at intake site
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
From the above figure and Table, it can be observed that the distribution of data based on
MSHP and DHM-2004 shows extreme values compare to other methods and is discarded due
to unrealistic data for Kabeli River. Similarly, Hydest method predict lowest values for the
return period compare to rest methods. The dependency on Log-Pearson Type III Distribution
among the rest methods will most probably lead the project to conservative and safe side.
Therefore, the design flood flow of 227 m3/s for 100 year return period is considered for the
intake site.
4.1.4.4 Low Flow
The low flow information is generally used to assess the reliability and the economics of the
proposed project. The minimum usable flow in a stream determines the value of reliable firm
power and then firm energy. Knowledge of minimum stream flow is essential also for
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
DIS
CH
AR
GE
(M
3/S
)
RETURN PERIOD (YEARS)
HYDEST DHM-2004
Log-Pearson Type III Distribution Log Normal Distribution
Gumbel extreme value distribution MHSP
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determination of minimum water level that can goes down to the river at the intake. Further, if
the occurrence of inadequate flow is too frequent, a particular project might prove to be
uneconomic and unreliable.
Table 4.5: Low flow estimation at proposed intake using HYDEST and DHM-2004
method Return Period Day DHM-2004 HYDEST
Discharge, m3/s Discharge, m3/s
2 1 3.45 3.06
7 3.64 3.21
30 4.09 3.64
Monthly 4.29 3.85
10 1 2.42 2.08
7 2.56 2.28
30 2.97 2.71
Monthly 3.16 2.90
20 1 2.21 1.84
7 2.34 2.07
30 2.74 2.51
Monthly 2.94 2.69
Source: Feasibility Study Report of SKKHEP, 2076
4.1.4.5 Glacier Lakes
All the lakes are located above 4200 m altitude. The identified lakes are shown in Table.
According to ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site.
The list of Glacier lakes in Kabeli River Catchment is given in table below:
Table 4.6 Glacial Lake within Kabeli River Catchment
S.N. Glacial Lake Elevation (amsl) Dimension (m) Aerial distance
(km)
1 Timbu Pokhari 4330 220*450 35
2 Hadi Pokhari 4220 754*115 36
3 Sukhe Pokhari 4350 156*190 36
4 Lam Pokhari 4360 250*140 36
5 Chhahare Pokhari 4440 290*167 36
Source: KEL, 2010
4.1.4.6 Environmental flow
As the project lies in Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Guideline for the Physical
Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065 will be followed.
Therefore, as per environmental study, 10% of monthly average flow will be released as
environment flow for project.
Further water requirement for downstream aquatic ecosystem and fauna dependent on water
system is also taken into consideration. There are kholas like Rate Khola, Ghatte Khola and
Han Khola and 28 small rivulets which contribute or supplements the downstream flow and
ecosystem. According to Nepali Calendar month the Environmental flow status will be as
follow as given in table below:
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Table 4.7: Monthly flow, Environment flow and Plant flow Month
Available Discharge
(m3/sec)
Environment flow
(m3/s) ( 10 % of monthly
average flow)
Discharge for Power
Generation (m3/s)
Jan 1.96 0.196 1.764
Feb 1.62 0.162 1.458
Mar 1.59 0.159 1.431
April 2.35 0.235 2.115
May 5.18 0.518 4.662
June 13.76 1.376 12.384
July 27.20 2.72 24.480
Aug 30.17 3.017 27.153
Sep 21.51 2.151 19.359
Oct 9.94 0.994 8.946
Nov 4.45 0.445 4.005
Dec 2.72 0.27 2.448
Source: PPA of SKKHEP, 2076 and EIA Study of 12 MW, 2076
4.1.5 Geology
The Himalayas in Nepal lie in the central part of the Himalayan arc. They cover about one third
(800 km) of the Himalayan arc. The Himalayan Range from north to south can be divided into
the following five tectonic zones (Hagen, 1969) (Figure 4.6):
Tibetan Tethys Himalaya
Southern Tibetan Detachment System
Higher Himalaya
Main Central Thrust
Lesser Himalaya
Main Boundary Thrust
Sub-Himalaya
Main Frontal Thrust
Terai Plain
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Figure 4.6: Geological map of Nepal showing project location
Source: Modified from DMG, 1994
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4.1.5.1 Regional Geology of project area
The project area is a basal portion of Higher Himalayan crystalline rocks just above the Main
Central Thrust (MCT) or at the lower part of the Higher Himalayas. The Higher Himalaya,
underline by highly crystalline metamorphic rocks and the overlying Tethys sediments, forms
the northern border of Nepal. The geology of the area is dominated by high grade metamorphic
rock unit containing rocks of kyanite and silimanite bearing gneisses, garnetiferous mica schist,
biotite schist, ortho-gneiss and augen gneiss, micaceous quartzite and thin bands of marbles.
The Higher Himalayan succession overlies the Lesser Himalayan succession along the MCT.
The main difference between them is in their lithosratigraphy. The Higher Himalayan rocks
are medium to high grade metamorphic rocks such as sillimanite gneisses, kayanite schist and
gneisses, augen and banded gneisses. The Lesser Himalayan succession contains essentially
phyllites, quartzite, granetiferous schist, graphitic schist, and marble (Figure 4.7).
Figure 4.7: Regional Geological Map
Source: Modified from DMG, 1994
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4.1.5.1 Geology of Project Site
Geologically, project area lies in the Higher Himalayan succession. The main lithology of the
project area is banded gneiss, gneiss, micaceous gneiss, schist and garnetiferous schist. The
banded gneisses are fresh to moderately weathered whereas the mica gneiss is moderately to
highly weathered. The overall rock mass condition of the project area is fair to good which is
massive to foliated, slightly fractured to highly fractured and intercalation with quartzite and
schist. The mica schist is intercalated in thin bands within relatively fresher and stronger mica
gneiss. In some locations folding and shearing is quite significant along the surface slope.
Minor old slides can be observed along the both bank. Left bank is discarded from waterway
due to longer length as compare to right bank and there is no good space for construction of
powerhouse in the left bank.
4.1.5.1.1 Headworks Area
Diversion Weir and intake
The headworks site is selected considering the favorable location available in the area from
various aspects like foundation across the weir axis, stability of slope and sediment deposit
pattern. The proposed weir location is at an elevation of about 1703 m and the river is about 60
m wide. The proposed weir lies in the river channel comprising large boulder of gneiss. The
proposed intake and diversion weir lies in the alluvial deposit.
Gravel Trap, Approach Canal and settling basin
The gravel trap, Approach canal and settling basin lie in the recent alluvial deposit of the Kabeli
Khola covered with colluvial deposit in the hill side. The alluvial deposit consists of rounded
to subrouned boulder, coble and pebble of banded gneiss, augen gneisses and quartzite.
Colluvium deposit is heterogeneous soil covering the bed rock all around the mountain slope
by slope debris flow, landslide and slope accumulation by land dynamics. Colluvium deposits
are found at most part of the project area. It comprises of angular big boulder, gravel and sandy
silty clay matrix.
4.1.5.1.2 Waterway
First section of waterway alignment comprises of headrace pipe passing through colluvial
deposit however in certain section bed rock, alluvial deposit in the kholsi and residual deposit
are never avoided. Colluvium deposit is heterogeneous soil covering the bed rock all around
the mountain slope by slope debris flow, landslide and slope accumulation by land dynamics.
Colluvium deposits are found at most part of the alignment. It comprises of angular big boulder,
gravel and sandy silty clay matrix. Colluvium is light grey-to grey green colour and contains
about 45 percentage coarse materials and 55 percentage fine materials. Shape of the materials
is angular to sub-angular. A fine material contains sandy silty clay and it is considered as
heterogeneous soil.
4.1.5.1.3 Surge shaft and Ventilation Tunnel
The surge shaft and ventilation tunnel will be located on massive rock mass of banded gneiss
and thin layer of schist intercalated with weak thin bands of micaceous gneiss. The rock is
slightly weathered, massive to medium foliated having three sets of rough and irregular,
undulating, tight to moderately open joints ( including foliation plane) with medium to high
persistency filled with silt.
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4.1.5.1.4 Penstock Alignment
The geology of penstock alignment is quite similar to that of the headrace alignment. The entire
length of the pipe is characterized by rock mass covered with thin sheet of colluvial soil. The
exposed rock type is banded gneiss and thin layer of schist intercalated with weak thin bands
of micaceous gneiss. The rock is slightly weathered, massive to medium foliated having three
sets of rough and irregular, undulating, tight to moderately open joints ( including foliation
plane) with medium to high persistency filled with silt.
4.1.5.1.5 Powerhouse Area and Tailrace
The powerhouse has been proposed approximately 130 m upstream from the confluence Kabeli
Khola and small kholsi at right bank. The proposed location lies approximately 5m above the
present river bed and is occupied by coarse grained soil of alluvial origin made of boulders,
sand and silt. It comprises mainly rounded to sub-rounded big boulder, rounded boulder, pebble
cobble, coarse gravel and silt of light grey colored.
4.1.5.2 Seismicity of the project area
The project area falls in Nepal Seimic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic risk. A design
horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10.
The recommended seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Operation Basis Earthquake (OBE),
based on more detailed seismic risk analyses, for other major hydropower projects in Nepal, all
appear to be 50-100% greater than the seismic coefficient evaluated by the Nepalese Building
code standard. For example, based on a detailed study, the recommended OBE for the Super
Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15 g – 0.16 g.
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Figure 4.8: Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map showing project area
Source: DMG, National Seismological center, Lainchaur and Retrived on 2019
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Figure 4.9: Epicenter map of Nepal
Source: Modified from DMG, 2002
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4.1.6 Soil Type
The soil in the headworks area mostly consists of silty sand with more percentage of silts and
some organic matter. Soil depth may vary place to place and point to point; however, the
estimated soil depth in the area is bout 5-15 meter. In powerhouse, soil is mostly silty-clay with
less contribution of sand and with little organic matters. The area is suitable for cultivation.
The soil is dominated by sand where the depth of soil is expected to be 10 meter. However, in
the some section deep clayey-silt with organic matter has been observed.
4.1.7 Air Quality
The Baseline data for air quality of the project site was instrumentally monitored and was found
to be as follows.
Date Received: 2018 December 16
Sample: Particulate Matter
Client: Super Kabeli Hydropower Project
Location: Yamfudin village
Sampling Point: Camp
Starting Time: 8:40 A.M.
Ending Time: 8:40 P.M.
Monitoring Duration: 1440 minutes
Monitoring Instrument: Low Volume Air Sampler (Anderson Type)
Flow Rate: 29.38/min
Total Air Volume: 42.752m3
Table 4.8: Measurement of Air Quality Parameter Time Concentration Units
TSP 24 hr 30 µg/m3
PM10 24 hr 6 µg/m3
Sulfur dioxide 24 hr 7 µg/m3
Nitrogen Dioxide 24 hr 11 µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide 8 hr 300 µg/m3
PM2.5 24 hr 4 µg/m3
Source: EIA Field Study, 2076
From above table it is found that the air pollution level is slightly higher with particulate matter,
which is due to existing rural road construction by the rural municipality. The project area is
devoid of industrial activities potential to generate air, noise and water pollution.
4.1.8 Water Quality
The surface water in the project area is relatively clear in the dry season. An analysis of water
samples from Kabeli Khola at weir and Powerhouse site shows the quality of water to be
suitable for source to the drinking water supply. The heavy metal concentration is very low and
within the threshold of WHO guideline value or the National Drinking Quality Standards. The
results were compared with standards given in Table 9.2.
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Table 4.9: Result of Water Quality Analysis S. N. Parameters Test Methods Headworks
Powerhouse
1 pH at 14oC pH Meter 6.9 7.2
2 Turbidity Nepjelometer 2 3
3 Total hardness as CaCo3
(mg/l)
EDTA Titration 26 28
4 Total Dissolved Solids
(mg/l)
Gravimetric 12 14
5 Total Suspended Solids,
(mg/l)
Gravimetric 1 <1
6 Fluorides, (mg/l) SPAND <0.05 <0.05
7 Chloride (mg/l) Argentometric
Titration
2.8 2.9
8 Hydrogen Sulphide (mg/l) Iodometric Titration N.D. (<0.01) N.D. (<0.01)
9 Total Phosphate (mg/l) Ascorbic Acid 0.018 0.020
10 Arsenic, (mg/l) Hydride Generation N.D. <0.005) N.D. <0.005)
11 Nitrite (mg/l) NEDA N.D.(<0.02) N.D.(<0.02)
12 Calcium (mg/l) EDTA Titration 15.5 16.5
13 Magnesium (mg/l)
Erichrome Cynanine
9.5 11.5
14 Aluminum (mg/l)
AAS
0.023 0.021
15 Iron (mg/lt) 0.12 0.13
16 Manganese (mg/l) AAS N.D.(<0.02) N.D.(<0.02)
17 Lead, (mg/l) AAS N.D.(<0.01) N.D.(<0.01)
18 Cadmium, (mg/) N.D.(<0.003) N.D.(<0.003)
19 Copper, (mg/l) N.D.(<0.01) N.D.(<0.01)
20 Zinc, (mg/l) 0.02 0.03
Source: Field Survey and Laboratory analysis, 2076
4.1.9 Noise Level
The project area is located in a rural setting without industrial establishment. The level of noise
and vibrations in the project area seems not to exceed the sound quality standards at present.
However, noise produced during construction activities in surge shaft, powerhouse area and
facilities may be perceived in the nearby settlements. The noise level (average value) recorded
at different places is given below in the Table 4.10.
Table 4.10: Value of Recorded Sound level (Leq) S. N. Location Sound level (Leq dBA)
Morning Noon Evening
1 Headworks 68.2 67.6 70.3
2 Headrace tunnel 64.2 60.3 61.4
3 Surge shaft 60.2 60.5 60.1
4 Penstock pipe 58.4 62.4 62.3
5 Powerhouse 65.6 66.5 70.6
Source: EIA Field Study, 2076
The recorded sound levels were higher than the value for rural residential area of National
Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012 i.e. 45 dBA and 40 dBA during day and night
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respectively. The higher level of sound in the headworks and powerhouse area is due to the
sound of flowing water.
4.1.10 Existing Solid Waste Management in the Project area
No specific solid waste management system was observed in the project area. The nature solid
waste in the nearby settlement area is household type of solid waste. Organic wastes were found
dumped together with livestock dung in the area which made specific for decomposition of
livestock dung. The extent and type of solid waste that is expected from the project to be
generated during construction phase will not be compatible with the solid waste from the
affected area. A separate provision for the generated solid waste from the construction work
force is necessary. Open burning will be strictly banned in the camp area. Organic waste will
be used in composting. Recyclable and reusable waste like plastics and metals will be sold to
the nearby scarp collection shops.
4.1.11 Land Use
The KCA consists of 41.2 % rocks, 22.8% ice/snow fed rivers, 16.1% forests, 10% shrubs,
9.3% grassland, 0.5% agricultural land and remaining 0.1% lakes/landslide areas (KCA
Management Plan, 2070).
Land use of Taplejung district is mostly dominated by forest area. Secondary data on the land
use of Taplejung district verses land use of core project area was analyzed based on both
secondary data and the land use pattern of core project area, both based on topographical map
area calculation and field verification.
The land use pattern of project district in comparison with project site is shown in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Land use pattern of Taplejung district S.
N
Land use pattern Taplejung District Project Area
Total Area in
hectare
Percent
(%)
Total Area in
hectare
Percent
(%)
1 Forest Area 112256 30.73 1.83 17.22
2 Shrub 56362 15.43 0.00
3 Agricultural
land/grassland
70946 19.42 8.3 78.08
4 Water bodies 405 0.11 0.5 4.70
5 Barren land 37757 10.33 0.00
6 Snow 60115 16.45 0.00
7 Others 27496 7.53 0.00
Total 365337 100 10.63 100.00
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2019
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4.2 Biological Environment
The project area belongs to sub-tropical climatic zone. The altitude of the project site varies
from 1703 to 1444 m from mean seal level. The proposed project is located in Kanchanjunga
Conservation Area, which is under the management of National Trust for Nature Conservation.
The head works of the project lies inside the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), while
the powerhouse area is out of the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area. The main tree species
found in the project area Aaru (Prunus persica), Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Asare
(Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum),
Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun
(Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis (Leucoseptrum canum), Guras (Rhododendron arboreum),
Jhingane (Eurya acuminata), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo (Wendlandia puberlua), Katus
(Castanopsis tribuloides), Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath (Swidaob longaa), Malato
(Macaranga pustulata), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo
(Prunus corasoides), Putta (Brassasopsis mitis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Siris (Albizia sp.),
Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum) and Utis (Alnus nepalensis).
4.2.1 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA)
The then His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG-N) first declared the KCA as a ‘Gift to
the Earth’ in support of the World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s (WWF’s) Living Planet
Campaign and officially conferred Conservation Area status on 21 July 1997. The first gazetted
area of 1,650 km2 was expanded to 2,035 km2 in 1998 in order to facilitate community-based
management of natural resources (WWF NP 1999). The KCA lies in the northeast corner of
Nepal at 270-280 N and 870-880 E. The altitude ranges from 1,200 m to 8,586 m and consists
of 11 mountain peaks towering over 7,000 m, thus dominating the entire landscape. The KCA
consists of 41.2 % rocks, 22.8% ice/snow fed rivers, 16.1% forests, 10% shrubs, 9.3%
grassland, 0.5% agricultural land and remaining 0.1% lakes/landslide areas (KCA Management
Plan, 2070).
The whole basin area lies in the Kanchenjunga Conservation area. Similarly, Kanchenjunga
Landscape (KL) is one of the six trans-boundary landscapes identified by the International
Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH)
region for research and investigations. The Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is known
for its rich biodiversity, its spectacular scenery of world's third highest peak Mt.
Kanchenjunga(8,586 m), and rich cultural heritage represented by inhabitants of Lelep (ward
6 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality), Olangchungola (ward 7 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality),
Tapethok (ward 5 of Sirijangha Rural Municipality) and Yamphudin (ward 8 of Shirijungha
Rural Municipality). The KCA is a ‘biodiversity hotspot’ (WWF/ICIMOD 2001) that harbors
844 species of plants, 253 species of birds, 83 species of insects and 22 species of mammals
(KCA-MC 2005).
The area is home to a number of endangered species such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red
panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer
(Moschus chrysogaster). A total of 16 medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are actively
traded out of the identified 139 species (Oli& Nepal 2003).The common bird species in local
area, grazing land, cultivated land and riverine area include Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos),
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cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), red billed blue whistling thrush (Myophonus caeruleus), magpie
(Gymnorhina tibicen), bulbuls (Pycnonotus barbatus), crow (Corvus sps), black drongo
(Dicrurus macrocercus), woodpecker family, spiny babblers (Turdoides nipalensis), owls
family, swallow (Family Hirundinidae) and sparrow (Passer domesticus) (KCA-MC 2005).
Snow leopard is one of the most important wildlife species found in the Kanchanjunga area, as
it is endangered as well as susceptible species.
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Figure 4.10 : Figure showing project location in map of protected area of Nepal
Source: Modified from DNPWC, 2019
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Figure 4.11: Project area on map of KCA
Source: Modified from DNPWC, 2019
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4.2.2 Vegetation and plant species
The project area has a range of subtropical vegetation. The altitude of the project site varies
from 1703 m to 1444 maml. Subtropical vegetation (1000 m – 2000 m) comprises of moist
broadleaved mixed forests of Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Mauwa (Engelhardia spicata), etc.
In the temperate zone (2000 m – 3000 m), there are moist broadleaved forests of oak/laurel
dominated by Thulo Phalant (Quercus lamellosa), Phalant (Quercus glauca), Khasru (Quercus
semecarpifolia) forests and mixed broadleaved/coniferous forests of Khasru (Quercus
semecarpifolia), Thingre salla (Tsuga dumosa), Gobre salla (Pinus wallichiana),Guras
(Rhododendron arboreum), etc. (MoFSC, 2002).
The forests that make out most of the land in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area are
comprised of various plant species including deciduous oaks like Khasru (Quercus
semecarpifolia), Guras (Rhododendron arboreum), maples (Acer laurinum), laurels (Laurus
lauraceae), birches, firs, magnolias, junipers, etc. (Source: KCA Management Plan, 2070).
Ground vegetation varies considerably and consists of number of species of shrubs, herbs,
grasses, climbers and epiphytes. The shrub vegetation consist of plant species including Arare
(Acacia pennata), Archal (Antidesma diandrum), Boksi ghans (Mimosa rubicaulis), Simali
(Vitex negundo), Dhobini (Mussaenda frondosa), Dhursul (Solanum verbascifolium), Kurilo
(Asparagus racemosus), Sisno (Urtica dioica), Titepati (Artemesia vulgaris), Banmara
(Eupatorium adenophorum) and Salaha (Tamarix indica). The herbaceous vegetation consists
of variety of species including Ghodtapre (Centella asiatica), Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides),
Dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Banko (Arisaema flavum), Chariamilo (Oxalis corniculata), Buki
(Sambucus sps), Kuro (Urena lobata).
Some common climber species include Debrelaharo (Spatholobus parviflora) and Padari
(Paederia foetida). Ainjaru (Dendropthoe falcata) is the parasitic species recorded in the area.
Plant species with traditional medicinal value include Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Uneu
(Dryopteris filixmas) and Kurilo (Asparagus racemosus) etc. different species of ferns
observed and recorded in the study area include Dicranopteris linearis, Aglaomorpha
coronans, Kangiyo sottar (Onychium siliculosum) and Christella arida. Different species of
epiphytic Orchids (sunakhari) are also available. Some of the orchids found are Himalayan
Grass-Leaf Orchid (Agrostophyllum callosum), Venus fan (Bulbophyllum rolfei),
Bulbophyllum Scabratum, Calanthe Griffithii, Coral Beak Orchid (Goodyera folisa), rein
orchids (Habenaria pantlingiana), Twayblade (Neottia Mucronata), Richards Peristylus
(Peristylus Richardianus), Tiny Tainia (Tainia minor).
The detail list of vegetation at different sites of the project area is given Annex XI.
4.2.2.1 Intake area
The proposed intake sites are mainly composed of trees of Utis (Alnus nepalensis). Some of
Alnus nepalensis species are newly colonized species The proposed intake sites are mainly
composed of trees of Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia), Asare (Lagerstroomia reginae), Bhakimlo
(Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum), Chilaune(Schima wallichii), Chutro
(Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis
(Leucoseptrum canum), Guras (Rhododendron ferrugineum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminate),
Kafal (Myrica esculenta), Kainyo (Wendlandia puberlua), katus (Castanopsis tribuloides),
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Khanyoo (Ficus camia), Latto Kath (swidaob longaa), Malato (macaranga pustulata), Mauwa
(Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta
(Brassasopsis mitis), siris (Albizia chinensis),Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum), Utis (Alnus
nepalensis) .
Among the shrubs and herbs include Malingo (Thamnocalamus spathiflorus), Khareto
(Phyllanthus sp.), Ainselu (Rubus ellipticus), Sisnu (Urtica dioica), Bhogate (Maesa
macrophylla), Lajjavati (Mimosa pudica), Kan pate (Inula cappa), Gargalo (Boehmeria
platyphylla), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Khar (Themeda triandra), Pani amala
(Nephrolepis cordifolia), Amriso (Thysanolaena maxima), Artemisia dubia, Baviyo
(Eulaliopsis binate), Arthunge (Heteropogon contortus), Imperata cylindrica, Heteropogon
contortus, Seto dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Pogonatherum spp. and different species of bamboo
(Dendrocalamus spp.). Newly colonized patches of Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) are observed on
recently deposited soils.
4.2.2.2 Headrace pipe
There is no tree species in the headrace pipe alignment. Especially, grass and shrub species are
found in this area. The shrub vegetation consist of Sisno (Urtica dioica), Titepati (Artemesia
vulgaris), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Simali (Vitex negundo), Dhobini (Mussaenda
frondosa), Dhursul (Solanum verbascifolium), etc. The herbaceous vegetation consists of
variety of species including Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides), Dubo (Cynodon dactylon),
Chariamilo (Oxalis corniculata), Ghodtapre (Centella asiatica) etc. Some common climber
species include Debrelaharo (Spatholobus parviflora) and Padari (Paederia foetida).
4.2.2.3 Penstock Pipe
The vegetation of Penstock Pipe area is composed of trees like Angeri (Lyonia ovalifolia),
Bhakimlo (Rhus javanica), Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum), Chilaune (Schima wallichii),
Chutro (Berberis aristata), Dhudilo (Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Ghurmis
(Leucoseptrum canum), Jhingane (Eurya acuminate), Latto Kath (Swidaob longaa),Malato
(Macaranga pustulata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Paiyo (Prunus corasoides), Putta
(Brassasopsis mitis), Siris (Albizia chinensis), Timur (Zanthoxylium armatum), Utis (Alnus
nepalensis).
4.2.2.4 Powerhouse
The vegetation of powerhouse area composed of Bhalayo (Semecarpus anacardicum),
Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Utis (Alnus nepalensis) etc.
4.2.2.5 Project Road
The vegetation diversity along the access road also matches along with the diversity found
along the headrace alignment. The vegetation diversity along the access road also matches
along with the diversity found along the headrace alignment. Aaru (prunus persica), Dhudilo
(Ficus neriifolia), Gagun (Sauraula nepalensis), Latto Kath (swidaob longaa), Mauwa
(Engelhardia spicata), Nivaro (Ficus rosenbergii), Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Utis (Alnus
nepalensis) are the main tree species along the road alignment.
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Table 4.12: Recorded tree species from project region S. N Common Name Scientific Name Conservation significance
IUCN CITES NPWC act
1 Aaru Prunus persica LC - -
2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia LC - -
3 Asare Lagerstroomia reginae LC - -
4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica LC - -
5 Bhalayo Semecarpus
anacardicum
LC - -
6 Chilaune Schima wallichii LC - -
7 Chutro Berberis aristata LC - -
8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia LC - -
9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis LC - -
10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum LC - -
11 Guras Rhododendron
ferrugineum
LC - -
12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata LC - -
13 Kafal Myrica esculenta LC - -
14 Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua LC - -
15 katus Castanopsis tribuloides LC - -
16 Khanyoo Ficus camia LC - -
17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa LC - -
18 Malato Macaranga pustulata LC - -
19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata LC - -
20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii LC - -
21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides LC - -
22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis LC - -
23 Salla Pinus roxburghii LC - -
24 siris Albizia chinensis LC - -
25 Timur Zanthoxylium armatum LC - -
Utis
Source: EIA field, 2019
(NPWC Act-I- Banned for collection, use, sale, distribution, transportation and export
III- Banned for harvest, transportation and export for commercial purpose)
Table 4.13: Different herbs and shrubs found in project area S. N Common Name Scientific Name
1 Aankh Calotropis gigantea
2 Ainjaru Dendropthe falcata
3 Akhne Rubus ellipticus
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S. N Common Name Scientific Name
4 Alaichi Amomum sublatum
5 Allo Girardiana diversifolia
6 Archal Antidesma diandrum
7 Ban Kane Commelina benghalensis
8 Ban Nalu Abelmoschus manihot
9 Banko Arisaema flavum
10 Banmara Euptorium adenophorum
11 Beklauri Costus speciosus
12 Bhatwasi Flemingia macrophylla
13 Bhorla Bauhinia vahlii
14 Bikhama Aconitum bikhma
15 Bimira Citrus medica
16 Bisma Aconitum ferox
17 Chariamilo Oxallis corniculata
18 Chiraito Swetia chirayita
19 Chutro Berberies aristata
20 Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus
21 Debrelaharo Spatholobus parviflora
22 Dhakekada Cirsium verutum
23 Dhaturo Datura stramonium
24 Dhobini Mussaendafrondosa
25 Dhupi Juniperus indica
26 Dhursul Solanumverbascifolium
27 Dhusure Colebrookea oppositifolia
28 Dubo Cynodon dactylon
29 Gandhe Ageratum conyzoides
30 Ganja Cannabis sativa
31 Ghodtapre Centella asiatica
32 Gobhi Elephantopus scaber
33 Jhyau Lichen sp
34 Juge laharo Clematis sp
35 Kharseto Ficus hispida
36 Kurilo Asparagus racemosus
37 Kuro Urena labota
38 Kutki Picrorhiza kurroa
39 Lokta Daphne bholua
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S. N Common Name Scientific Name
40 Malingo Bambusa nutans
41 Padari Paederia foetida
42 Pangra Entada phaseoloides
43 Salaha Tamarix indica
44 Seto Bikhma Aconitum palmatum
45 Sisnu Urtica dioica
46 Sungava Dendrobium densiflorum
47 Tarul Dioscorea alata
48 Titepati Artemesia vulgaris
49 Totala Oroxylum indicum
50 Uneu Dryopteris filixmas
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
4.2.3 Non Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plant
The project area is rich in the diversity of medicinal plants. Important medicinal herbs growing
in the high hills are chiraito (Swertia angustifolia), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Cardamom
(Amomum sublatum), Paashanabed (Bergenia ciliata), budookhati (Astibleri vularis), khokim
(Bergenia purpurascens), Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and seto bikhma (Aconitum
palmatum).
Non Timber Forest Products are the important livelihood options for people of KCA. Some of
NTFPs are described in table below:
Table 4.14: NTFPs and Medicinal Plants that are expected to be cleared from project
site S.
N
Nepali/
Local
name
English
name
Scientific
name
Parts used Uses
1 Lokta Daphne
bholua
Leaves It yields good quality paper.
2 Cardamom Amomum
subulatum
Seeds Powder of seeds
3 Okhar Juglans
regia
Seeds Seeds are edible
4 Tulsi Scred basil Ocimum
tenuiflorum
Leaf, Whole
plants
Juice of plant is used in fever earache
and infection, cough, sores of moth and
fever.
5 Titepati Mugwort Artemisia
dubia
Whole plants It is used for stomachic, purgative,
hysteria asthma, skin disease like scabies
& on ulcers.
6 Sisnu Stinging
nettle
Urtica
dioica
Root and
shoots
Juice or decoction of root and shoot is
used to cure for anemia, to purify blood
and for tonic.
7 Lunde Spiny
Amaranthus
Amaranthus
viridis
Root Juice of root is used to cure of
pneumonia of children. It is also used for
colic pain and leucorrhoea.
8 Kimbu
khaphal
Mulberry Morus alba Fruit, Bark Fruits are eaten to kill thirst and bark
decoction is used in fever.
9 Kalonyuro Fern Dryoathyriu
m boryanum
Tendril
shoots
It is used for headache, fever and
stomachic disorders.
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S.
N
Nepali/
Local
name
English
name
Scientific
name
Parts used Uses
10 Githa Air potato Dioscorea
bulbifera
Bulb Small pieces are boiled and applied to
kill of stomachic worms. For this
purpose, the people eat it in each year
(May-June).
11 Dansinki Maiden hair
fern
Adiantum
venustum D
Whole plant Juice is used to cure of abdominal
disorder, cough and scorpion stings.
12 Gandhe
jhar
goat weed Ageratum
gonyzoides
Whole plant Pest used for cuts and wounds. It is also
used to cure for wounds between two
toes caused by muddy soil in the rainy
season.
13 Chuttro Barberry Berberis
aristata
Root bark Juice or decoction is used for jaundice,
diarrhea, and fever and eye infection.
14 Chiraito,
Lektite
Chiretta Swertia
chirayita
Whole plants Decoction of plants is used to cure of
fever, typhoid, wounds, cuts, diabetes.
15 Bhyakur,
Kukur
Tarul
Deltiod yam Dioscorea
deltoidea
Tuberous
rootstock
Juice is used to control pregnant.
16 Bhui
kaphal,
Sarpa
kaphal
Strawberry Fragaria
nubicola
Leaves,
Flower, Fruit
Juice is used to control excessive
bleeding during menstruation, cough and
cold. It is also used in nerve and to
remove fluid from the lungs.
17 Akash jeli Dodder Cucuta
reflexa
Whole plants Juice of fresh plant or the decoction is
mixed with Ghodtapre and kurkure that
given to the patients of jaundice and
fever.
18 Ainselu Golden
evergreen
raspberry
Rubus
ellipticus
Fruits, roots,
shoot.
Shoot paste is used in snake's bites. Root
juice for fever & fruit for appetite.
19 Aijeru,
Liso
Strap flower Loranthus
falcatus
Bark, fruits Juice of bark is used in wounds,
menstrual troubles, asthma and paralysis.
20 Abijalo Lightning
weed
Dymaria
diandra
Whole plants Juice of plants is used to cure for
stomachic disorder and sinuses.
21 Nagbeli Lycopodium
clavatum
Pollen treating upset stomachs, food poisoning,
kidney problems, and muscle cramps
22 Tejpat Indian
Cassia
Cinnamomu
m tamala
Barks and
Leaves
The leaf is mainly used for flavouring
food. Pharmaceutical preparations and
hypoglycemic, stimulant and carminative
properties.
It is also used in Indian system of
traditional medicines
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2077
4.2.4 Agro-forestry of the Area
Agricultural crops grown in the village settlements include Makai (Zea mays), Gahun (Triricum
aestivum), Phapar (Fagopyrum esculentum), Gahat (Dolichos biflorus), Maas (Phaseolus
mungo), Kerau (Pisum sativum), Bodi (Vigna sinensis), Ghiraula (Luffa cylindrica), Chichindo
(Trichosanthes dioca), Kankro (Cucumis sativum), Tite Karela (Momordica charantia),
Bhanta (Solanum melongena), Rayo ko Sag (Brassica juncea), Aloo (Solanum tuberosum),
Banda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Kauli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytes), Simi
(Phaseolus vulgaris), Golbhenda (Lycopersicon esculentum), Pyaj (Allium cepa), Lasun
(Allium sativum), Aduwa (Zinziber officinale), Ukhu (Saccharum officinarum), Besar
(Curcuma domestica), etc. Simialarly horticultural plants of the area include Kera (Musa
paradisica), Aru (Prunus domestica), Naspati (Pyrus communis), Kagati (Citrus acida),
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Nibuwa (Citrus limon), Suntala (Citrus reticulata), Amba (Psidium guajava), Kimbu (Morus
alba), etc.
4.2.5 Wildlife
The forest in the project areas is stated to provide good habitats for diverse kinds of wildlife by
the people of the project development site. During field observations and consultations,
incidences of human wildlife conflicts was not recorded in project area. Some of the common
wild animals reported in the area are described below:
4.2.5.1 Mammals
Some of the common mammalian species reported from the region are: Red Giant Flying
Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), Himalayan Striped Squirrel (Tamiops macclellandi), House
Rat (Rattus rattus), Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), Jungle Cat (Felis chau), Leopard
Cat (Prionailusus bengalensis), Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), Golden
Jackal (Canis aureus), Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), Rhesus Macaque (Macaca
mulatta), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Common Goral (Naemorhedus goral), etc. The
project region is the habitat for three rare mammals, Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus),
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens).
The major mammal species and their status of occurrence are presented in Table 4.15 below:
Table 4.15: List of mammals in project area S.
N.
Common
Name
Scientific Name Status of Occurrence CITES
Appendi
x
IUCN
Red
List
NPWC act
C S R
1 Red Panda Ailurus fulgens I EN Protected
2 Asian Black
Bear
Ursus thibetanus I Vu Protected
3 Snow leopard Panthera uncia I Vu Protected
4 Red Giant
Flying
Squirrel
Petaurista petaurista II LC
5 Himalayan
Striped
Squirrel
Tamiops
macclellandi
LC
6 House Rat Rattus rattus LC
7 Malayan
Porcupine
Hystrix brachyura
8 Jungle Cat Felis chaus LC
9 Leopard cat Prionailurus
bengalensis
II LC Protected
10 Small Indian
Mongoose
Herpestes
auropunctatus
III LC
11 Golden Jackal Canis aureus III LC
12 Yellow-
throated
Marten
Martes flavigula III LC
14 Asian House
Shrew
Suncus murinus LC
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S.
N.
Common
Name
Scientific Name Status of Occurrence CITES
Appendi
x
IUCN
Red
List
NPWC act
C S R
15 Rhesus
macaque
Macaca mulatta II LC
16 Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak I LC
17 Common
Ghoral
Naemorhedus goral I NT
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
C: Common, S: Sparse, R: Rare
*** None of them were verified via direct observation of study team.
IUCN: LC: Least Concerned, Vu: Vulnerable, NR: Near Threatened, EN: Endangered
Cites: I: Appendices I, II: Appendices II, III: Appendices III
NPWC act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation act.
4.2.5.2 Birds
In the project area 16 species of birds were recorded (Table 4.16). Of them 10 were sighted and
the occurrences of the rest were informed by the local people. None of the birds recorded fall
under endangered species.
Table 4.16: Bird Species recorded along the project area S.
N
Common Names Local Names
Scientific Names CITES
Appendix
IUCN
Redbook
NP
WC
act
1 Kalij Pheasant Kalij Lophura
leucomelanos
III LC -
2 Rock Pigeon Malewa Columba livia - LC -
3 Oriental Turtle Dove Dhukur Streptopelia
orientalis
- LC -
4 Orange-breasted Green
Pigeon
Parewa Treron bicincta - LC -
5 Large-billed Crow Kaag Corvus
macrorhynchos
- LC -
6 Long-tailed Minivet Lampuchre
Ranichari
Pericrocotus
ethologus
- LC -
7 Himalayan Bulbul Jureli Pycnonotus
leucogenys
- LC -
8 Grey-sided Bush Warbler Fisto Cettia brunnifrons - LC -
9 House Sparrow Bhagera Passer domesticus - LC -
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
C: Common, S: Sparse, R: Rare
*** None of them were verified via direct observation of study team.
IUCN: LC: Least Concerned, Vu: Vulnerable, NR: Near Threatened, EN: Endangered
Cites: I: Appendices I, II: Appendices II, III: Appendices III
NPWC act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation act.
Note: None of these birds are enlisted in GoN protected Species, IUCN Threatened categories,
and CITES Appendices.
Further studies are required to verify the reported species and their habitat conditions within
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the project area to reveal the project impacts on the avian species and their habitats.
4.2.5.3 Herpatofauna
Some of the common reptiles reported from the project area include Asiatic rat snake
(Ptyasmucosa); Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus); White-lipped pit viper
(Trimeresurus albolabris); Kramer's pit viper (Trimeresurus septentrionalis), Sikkim skink
(Asymblepharus sikimmensis).
Further, some of the common amphibians reported by the people of the KCA includes Common
Asian toad (Bufo melanostictus); Meghalaya stream frog (Amolops marmoratus); skittering
frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis).
Table 4.17: Herpeto-fauna of the Project Region S.
N.
Nepali Name Local Name Scientific
Name
Status of
Occurrence
IUCN CITES NPWC
act
C S R
1. Khasre
Bhaguta
Black-spined
Toad/ Common
Asian Toad
Duttaphrynus
melanostictus LC
2. Hariyo Paha Beautiful stream
frog/Assam
cascade frog
Amolops
formosus
LC
3. Sano Paha Langtang frog,
Polunin’s paa
frog
Nanorana
polunini
LC
4. Cheparo Common
Garden Lizard
Calotes
versicolor
-
5. Pathhar
chatuwa
Himalayan rock
lizard
Laudakia
tuberculata -
6. Hariyo
Cheparo
Three-keeled
mountain lizard
Japalura
tricarinata
LC
7. Mausuli Brook’s house
gecko
Hemidactylus
brookii
-
8. Bhanumungre Sikkim
skink/Bronzy-
brown skink
Asymblepharus
sikkimensis
-
9. Chankhe
Sarpa
Mountain
keelback/Asiatic
keelback
Amphiesma
platyceps
-
10. Pani Sarpa St. John’s
keelback water
snake
Xenochrophis
sancti johannis
-
C: Common, S: Sparse, R: Rare
*** None of them were verified via direct observation of study team.
IUCN: LC: Least Concerned, Vu: Vulnerable, NR: Near Threatened, EN: Endangered
Cites: I: Appendices I, II: Appendices II, III: Appendices III
NPWC act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation act.
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077, KCA, 2017, IUCN redlist.org, CITES.org
4.2.5.4 Aquatic Life
As reported by locals, the common fish species found in Kabeli khola especially in plain river
are Tite (Psilorhynchoides pseudecheneis) followed by Katle (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis)
and Buduna (Garra annandalei), Faketa (Barilius sacra), Faketa (Barilius bendelisis), Faketa
(Barilius barila), Chuche Asala (Schizothorax labiatus), Chuche Asala (S. progastus), Buche
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Asala (S. richardsonii), etc. But during fish sampling by the EIA team, no fish were caught in
the hand cash net which may be due to the gradient of river along the project area.
Type of fish, their characteristics, habits and environmental behavior in SKKHP as reported by
locals are given below;
The maximum size of fish likely to migrate upstream are 5 cm to 15 cm
(considerable small size).
Fish are mainly short range to medium range migratory.
Maximum number of fish passing per hour during peak migration is negligible (the
occurrence of fish are very few).
Fish species of Kabeli khola area has tabulated in table 4.18.
Table 4.18: Fish Species of Project Area S.
N.
Local
Name
Scientific Name Source of
Information
Migratory
status
Conservation Significance
IUCN CITES NPWC
act
1 Tite Psilorhynchus
pseudecheneis
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
LC
2 Buchhe
Asala,
Dumke
Schizothorax
plagiostomus
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
NE
3 Chuchhe
asala
Schizothorax
richardsonii
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
VU
4 Chuchhe
asala
Schizothorax
labiatus
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
NE
5 Katle Neolissichelus
hexagonolepis
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Seasonal
Migratory
NT
6 Buduna Garra
annandalei
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Residential LC
7 Faketa Barilius
bendelisis
Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
LC
8 Chahale Barilius barila Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
LC
9 Faketa Barilius sacra Reported (Local
Fisherman)
Mid-range
Migratory
LC
C: Common, S: Sparse, R: Rare
*** None of them were verified via direct observation of study team.
IUCN: LC: Least Concerned, Vu: Vulnerable, NR: Near Threatened, EN: Endangered
Cites: I: Appendices I, II: Appendices II, III: Appendices III
NPWC act: National Park and Wildlife Conservation act.
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
4.2.6 Forest Resources and Management
The project area lies in KCA located in Taplejung District, of the Province 1 of Nepal. Each
Village is assigned to carry out the responsibilities to manage, utilize and protect all the natural
resources within the respective wards. The local conservation management committee carries
out the forest area management. Most of the project structures will be constructed on forest
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managed by KCA. During the meeting and interaction with local people and KCA staffs, it was
revealed that the status of local forest is gradually getting better after the management
responsibility was taken by KCA. After the establishment of KCA, the management authority
has been handed over to NTNC. Of the total area of 3,646 sq km of the district, around 38.5%
(1,397.61 sq km) is covered by forest (DFO, 2009). Taplejung district has developed a
community forest network and out of the total forest area, 5041.97 ha (5.51% of the total forest
area) has been handed over to 93 Community Forest User Groups (CFUG) that covers 6,244
households (HHs) corresponding to 30.29% of the total households of the districts (Monitoring
and Evaluation Analysis Report of Community Forest, 067/068). The project site at the river
bed has a lower altitude; but the surrounding areas and upper watershed has large altitude
variation
Forest areas in the project area are mainly private (very few registered) and KCA managed
forest. The forest nearby powerhouse area includes both private and government owned forest
where as in rest of the project components, it is mainly KCA managed. In addition, forest along
the tunnel alignment of project area is predominantly occupied by the agricultural land and
some fragmented forest patches under both KCA and private forest.
The headworks part lies within KCA. There is sparse settlement with few houses (less than 10
houses) near powerhouse area. So, human impacts in the forest within project area are is very
low. However, open spaces in forest area are extensively used for grazing of cattle. Tree felling
for timber and other purposes is very restricted and monitored by local Conservation
Community Forest User Groups. People use their trees in private land for timber and other
proposes.
4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
4.3.1 Project Affected district
4.3.1.1 Demography
The project district Taplejung falls under mountain region of Nepal. According to the national
census, 2011, the total population of Taplejung district is 127461 where 60552 are and 66909
are female with 90.50 sex ratio. There are 26509 households with family size 4.81 in the
district. Demography details of affected district are as follows:
Table 4.19: Demography of Taplejung district Districts HHs Total
Population
Male Female HH Size Sex Ratio
Taplejung 26,509 127,461 60,552 66,909 4.81 90.5
% 48 52
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.2 Project affected Rural Municipality
4.3.2.1 Settlement, Population, and Households
The project area covers Sirijungha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8 of Taplejung district.
According to the national population census, 2011, the total population of the project-affected
Rural Municipality is 15,806 with male 7,482 and female 8,324. Similarly, the total households
in the project-affected Rural Municipality are 3,227. Population and HHs detail of project
Municipality are shown in table below:
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Table 4.20: Population and Households for Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected Rural
Municipality
HHs Total Population Male Female HH
Size
Sex Ratio
Sirijungha 3,227 15,806 7,482 8,324 4.90 89.88
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
Age and sex wise population distribution of project affected area are presented in Table 4.21.
The table shows that the population of the project area is under growing stage. The population
of the age group 5 to 9, 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 are in higher side therefore, the population of the
project area is under growing stage.
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Table 4.21: Age group population distribution of Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected Rural
Municipality
Total Age groups
00 to
04
05 to
09
10 to
14
15 to
19
20 to
24
25 to
29
30 to
34
35 to
39
40 to
44
45 to
49
50 to
54
55 to
59
60 to
64
65 to
69
70 to
74
75+
Sirijungha
Both sex 15,806 1,616 1,972 2,192 1,979 1,295 953 865 831 850 696 681 510 463 281 261 361
Male 7,482 853 984 1,065 955 533 352 367 331 396 334 362 271 220 137 144 178
Female 8,324 763 988 1,127 1,024 762 601 498 500 454 362 319 239 243 144 117 183
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
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Out of total population 54.78% are economically active population, comprising of 52.14% male
and 57.17% female and rest are economically inactive. Details about economically active
population are shown in table below.
Table 4.22: Economically Active Population of Project Affected Rural Municipality Affected
Rural
Municipality
Total Population Economically Active Economically Inactive
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Sirijungha 15,806 7,482 8,324 8,660 3,901 4,759 6,946 3,581 3,565
% 100 100 100 54.78 52.14 57.17 45.22 47.86 42.83
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.2.2 Caste
The project area is composed of heterogeneous community. The major ethnic groups in the
project area are Limbu, Chhetri, Brahmin, Gurung, Sarki, Rai etc. According to the population
census, 2011, their population compositions are Limbu (44.4%), Chhetri (25.64%), Brahmin
(8.91%), Rai (3.98%) etc. as shown in Table below:
Table 4.23: Population distribution by caste of project Affected Rural Municipality Affected
Rural
Municipality
Total Chhetri Brahmin Limbu Rai Gurung Sarki Others
Sirijungha 15806 4,053 1409 7017 622 486 422 1797
% 100 25.64 8.91 44.4 3.93 3.07 2.67 11.37
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.2.3 Religion
In project impact area, majority of people are Hindu and Buddhist and are living in religious
harmony. Their cultural pattern and social life has a deep-rooted relationship with the nature.
They also believe on portfolio of God and Goddess is attached with the resources on which
human life exists.
4.3.2.4 Mother Tongue
Nepali (61.76%) and Limbu (33.4%) are the widely spoken mother tongues in the project-
affected area. Other mother tongues in project-affected area are Sherpa, Walung, etc. The Table
below shows the detail of the languages spoken in the project area.
Table 4.24: Distribution of Population by Mother tongue in Project Affected Rural
Municipality Affected Rural
Municipality
Total Nepali Limbu Rai Gurung Others
Sirijungha 15806 9762 5280 124 142 498
% 100 61.76 33.4 0.78 0.79 3.15
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.2.5 Literacy and Education Status
The literacy status of the project-affected area is 75.12% in average where the literacy rate of
female is 68.24% and male is 82.95%. The literacy status of the project-affected area is
presented in Table below:
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Table 4.25: Distribution of population by 5 years of age and over by literacy status Affected Rural Municipality Popln
5
years
and
Above
Population who are Literacy
not
stated
Literacy
rate
(%) Can Read
and Write
Can
read
Only
Can’t
Read
and
write
Sirijungha
Both Sex 14,190 10,659 250 3,278 3 75.12
Male 6,629 5,499 111 1,018 1 82.95
% 100 82.95 1.67 15.36 0.015
Female 7,561 5,160 139 2,260 2 68.24
% 100 68.24 1.84 29.9 0.026
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
The status of school attainment of project area between 5 to 25 years of age is as follows:
Table 4.26: Distribution of population aged 5 - 25 years by school attendance and sex Affected Rural
Municipality
Popln age 5 to 25 Popln Who are
Currently going to
school
Currently not going to
School
Attendance
not
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Sirijungha 3,186 3,540 2,472 2,601 702 922 12 17
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.2.6 Public Health and Sanitation
The health service in the project area is delivered through the existing health post. The hospital
level service is available in the district headquarter. The health condition of the people in the
project area is not satisfactory. According to the health source, people generally suffer from
skin disease, ear infection, urinary tract infection, chronic bronchitis, gastrointestinal, injuries
and fractures, diarrhea, diabetes, abdominal pain, toothache and others. Some private health
clinics are operated in the project area. Level of awareness towards improved health and
sanitation (particularly towards the safe drinking water, use of toilets, etc.) is gradually
increasing in the project area. In total 953 households have not the toilet facilities. The
distribution of household with type of toilet facilities in project-affected area are as shown in
table below:
Table 4.27: Distribution of household with type of toilet facilities
Affected Rural
Municipality
Total HHs HHs
without
toilet
facility
HHs with toilet facility of Not stated
Flush toilet Ordinary
toilet
Sirijungha 3,227 953 561 1,694 19
% 100 29.53 17.38 52.50 0.59
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
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4.3.2.7 Service Facility
i. Transportation
There are two alternate routes to reach Taplejung bazar from Kathmandu. The nearest airport
at Taplejung is Suketar airport which can be reached by air in 50 minutes from Kathmandu.
The flight to this airport is available in scheduled time only. The other route to reach the
Taplejung bazar is through Mechi highway after travelling to Bhadrapur airport by air from
Kathmandu. The distance between Bhadrapur airport and Taplejung bazaar is about 270 km.
ii. Communication
Communication service through mobile phone, Telephone, and Internet system is available in
the project area. Postal service is available in project-affected area. Radio, Television, Cable
TV etc. are act as a source of information in the project area.
Table 4.28: Distribution of HH with different communication facilities in Project Affected
Rural Municipality
Affected
Rural
Municipalit
y
Tota
l
HHs
HHs having facilities of
At least
one
facility
Radio TV Cable
TV
Comp
uter
Internet Telephone Mobile
phone
Sirijungha 3227 2,415 2,057 19
7
64 25 3 194 1,521
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
iii. Energy
Not all the project area is electrified yet through the national grid. Kerosene, Solar power,
biogas, are commonly used for lighting purpose in the project area. The other sources of energy
in the project area are wood, batteries. The fuel wood is the main source of energy for cooking,
heating and domestic activities. The fuel wood is collected from private and community forests.
Most of the households have large stocks of fuel wood in storage. Table shown in below shows
the distribution of HHs in terms of energy use for lighting.
Table 4.29: Households using Source for Lighting Affected Rural
Municipality
Total Fuel usually used for lighting Not
stated Electricity Kerosen
e
Bioga
s
Sola
r
Others
Sirijungha 3,227 381 1,549 8 1,24
8
22 19
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
The table below shows the HHs using energy resources for the cooking purpose. Study shows
that most of the HHs are dependent on firewood for the cooking purpose. This indicates that
local forest is playing vital role for the livelihood of local people and is under pressure.
Table 4.30: Households by usual type of fuel used for cooking Affected
Rural
Municipality
Total Fuel Usually Used For Cooking
Wood Kerosen
e
LP
Gas
Guith
a
Bioga
s
Electricit
y
Not
Stated
Sirijungha 3,227 3,186 15 2 3 2 0 19
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
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iv. Drinking Water
Pipe water supply, traditional stone tap, well and streams are the main sources of drinking water
in the project area. Most of the households in the project-affected area have been benefited with
drinking water facility through pipe supply.
Table 4.31: Distribution of HHs showing access to main source of Drinking water Affected
Rural
Municipa
lity
Tot
al
Main Sources of Drinking Water
Tap
water
Tube
well
Covered
well
Uncovered
well
Spout
water
Rive
rs
Othe
rs
Not
stated
Sirijungha 3,22
7
2,978 3 5 44 132 29 17 19
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
v. Religion and Culture in Project affected Municipality wards
In project impact area i.e. ward 6, 7 amd 8 of Sirijungha Municipality, majority of people are
Hindu and Buddha. Thus, they are living in religious harmony. Their cultural pattern and social
life has a deep-rooted relationship with its nature.
Mostly the people are Hindu and Budhist. People commonly celebrate Dashain, Tihar, Maghe
Sankranti, Shrawane Sankranti, Krishna Janmastmi, Shivaratri, Teez, Bhadaure Purne,
Balachaturdasi, Krishnajanmastami, Lakhenach, Dhanach, Rathjatra, Bhoome Pooja, Chandi
Poornima, Baishakhe Poornima, Mangsir Poornima, Jestha Poornima, Lhosar and others.
4.3.3 Distribution of population and HHs of Affected wards
According to the national population census, 2011, the total household of the project affected
wards is 931 with total population of 4,556, of which 2,169 is male, 2387 is female. The average
HH size is 4.9 and sex ratio is 1.1. The details of the demography are presented in Table below.
4.3.3.1 Demography of Affected ward
According to the national census, 2011, the total population of affected ward is 4556 with male
2169 and female 2387.
Table 4.32: Demography of Affected ward
Rural
Municipality
Ward
s
HH
s
Total
Population
Male Femal
e
HH
Size
Sex
Ratio
Sirijungha 6 240 1,135 519 616 4.73 1.19
7 526 2,691 1,28
3
1,408 5.11 1.1
8 165 730 367 363 4.42 1.01
Total 931 4556 2169 2387 4.9 1.1
Source: Modified from National Population and Housing Census, CBS, 2011
4.3.4 Description of Project Affected Families (PAFs)
4.3.4.1 Demography of PAFs
25 HHs will be affected by project comprising total of 127 population with 70 male and 57
female.
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Table 4.33: Demography of PAFs Area HHs Population Average HH
Size Total Male Female
PAFs 25 127 70 57 5.29
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.1 Education of PAFs
In PAFs the average literacy rate is 85.25%, where the male has high literacy rate (88.24 %)
than the female (64.11%).
Table 4.34: Education of PAFs Affected Area
and Sex
Population
aged 5 years
and above
Population Literacy
not stated
Literacy
Rate Can read &
write
Can read
only
Can’t read
& write
PAFs
Both Sex 122 68 36 18 0 85.25
Male 68 44 16 8 0 88.24
Female 55 24 20 10 0 80
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.2 Source of Drinking Water
Out of 25 houses 25 uses tap water as sources of drinking water. Sources of drinking water is
illustrated in table below:
Table 4.35: Source of Drinking Water Affected
Area
Total
HHS
Tap/piped
water
Tube
well /
hand
pump
Covered
well/kuwa
Uncovered
well/kuwa
Spout
water
River Others Not
stated
PAFs 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.4 Energy for cooking
Six out of twenty-five houses uses Lp gas as energy for cooking while firewood are used by
majority i.e. 19 houses. Households by main source of fuel for cooking is given below in the
table below;
Table 4.36: Energy for cooking Affected
Area
Total
HHs
Fuel usually used for cooking
Wood /
firewood
Kerosene LP
gas
Santhi/
guitha
(cow
dung)
Bio
gas
Electricity Others Not
Stated
PAFs 25 19 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.5 Source for Lightening
The main source of for lighting is electricity out of 25 houses 25 houses uses electricity.
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Households by main source of fuel for lighting is given below in the table:
Table 4.37: Different sources of Energy of PAFs for lighting Affected
area
Total HHs Fuel usually used for lighting
Electricity Kerosene Bio gas Solar Others Not Stated
PAFs 25 25 25 0 0 0 0
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.6 Religion
In case of project affected families most people follow Hindu i.e. 106 while Buddhist is
followed by 12 people and 8 people follow Christian religion.
Table 4.38: Religion of PAFs Affected
area
Sex Population following relision
Hindu Bouddha Islam Kirat Christian
PAFs Male 57 9 0 0 4
Female 49 3 0 0 4
Total 106 12 0 0 8
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.7 Mode of Compensation
Hundred percent PAFs preferred to have cash compensation rather than land to land
compensation.
Table 4.39: Mode of Compensation Description %PAFS
Cash 100
Land for Land 0
House for House 0
Others 0
TOTAL 100
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.4.8 Expectation of PAFs from the project
Project affected families have demand of good compensation, employment opportunities
Trainings (Driving, agricultural, tailoring and wielding, etc.).About 61.53 percentage people
have asked for good compensation. Similarly 85 percent people asked for employment
opportunity and 90 percent people have asked for different training.
Table 4.40: Willingness of PAFs for Compensation Description %PAFs
Good compensation 61.53
Employment opportunities 85
Training (Driving, agricultural, tailoring and wielding,
etc.)
90
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.5 Major settlement at project area
Specific information on the demographic, quality of life, economy and livelihood the directly
project affected area will have to be assessed delineating the project foot prints. Therefore there
are displacement effects of the project to the local households both physically and
economically.The project affected sites includes different settlements of Yamphudin village
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(Ward no. 8 of Sirijangha RM) with 10 households which are given in the table below.
Table 4.41: Project Affected Wards, Settlements and Households RM Settlements Marginalised
group
Dalit Others Total
HHs
Sirijunga Tumiya, Nepu, Batase, Dadele chaurikharka,
Phyampu, Mathoptol, Falate, Kuwa pani,
Chummaden, Pahele, Happutar, Ratopool,
Khewang
10 0 0 10
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.6 Religious Sites and Ghats
Mostly the people of the affected settlement are Hindu and Budhist. People commonly
celebrate Dashain, Tihar, Maghe Sankranti, Shrawane Sankranti, Krishna Janmastmi,
Shivaratri, Teez, Bhadaure Purne, Balachaturdasi, Krishnajanmastami, Lakhenach, Dhanach,
Rathjatra, Bhoome Pooja, Chandi Poornima, Baishakhe Poornima, Mangsir Poornima, Jestha
Poornima, Lhosar and others. In the project affected area, there are two Gumbas, two churches,
one temple, one holy land called Thukmin land covering the area of 1 ropani 4 anna, where
many people gather together for worship, one community building called Samekham Yakhaa
Yathoka Bhawan and one Limbu Museum which was established in 2063 B.S. The list of the
religious sites are given in the table below.
Table 4.42: Religious sites in project village Name Ward no. Festival Participant
Nimachoppar Gumba Sirijangha RM-(8) Baishakh Purnima 110
Syangcholin Gumba Sirijangha RM-(8) Baishakh Purnima 95
Thukmin land Sirijangha RM-(8) Loshar 240
Samekham yakhaa
Yathoka Bhawan
Sirijangha RM-(8) Different Religious
programs
100
Chunjung Church Sirijangha RM-(8) Christmas 32
Himali Church Sirijangha RM-(8) Christmas 28
Saraswoti Temple Sirijangha RM-(8) Shree Panchami 150
Limbu Museum Sirijangha RM-(8) Throughout the year 250
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
There are 3 ghats in the project villages and they are:
Huputaar Ghat
Chummadin Ghat
Thukmin Ghat
Majority of the people are Buddhists and they cremate (burn) the dead bodies in ghats while
the people of Rai community burry the dead body in soil but they also burn if the death cases
are due to falling or hanging. But these ghats are not affected due to the implementation of the
project.
4.3.7 Drinking Water Sources
Major source of drinking water is Tap/ Pipe water supply in nearby settlement. Other sources
of drinking water includes spout water and others.
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4.3.8 Transportation
The project area can be accessed from Kathmandu via Charaali of Jhapa in the East-West
highway from where Mechi Highway leads up to Ganesh Chowk of Panchthar District. The
distance from Charali to illam is about 79 km. After this, an Earthen road starts from illam to
the Kabeli river (Iwa Khola confluence area, Tribeni Dovan) which is 16 km long (part of
which lies along Mid Hill Highway (up to Tharpu Bazaar). After crossing the Kabeli river
bridge at Tribeni Dovan, the project road follow right bank of Kabeli Khola and crosses
Panchami, Khandinbe, Bunguwa and finally road ends at Happu Khola Bazaar.
4.3.9 Occupation
Reconnaissance filed visit information reveal that the people of the project municipalities and
rural municipalities involved in different occupations and employment like farming,
agriculture, and local jobs (teaching etc). Some of them travelled to Jhapa, Kathmandu in
search of better employment oppurtunity.People have even travelled to foreign countries such
as singapur, Golf countries, Korea, UK for employment.
4.3.10 Trade and Commerce
Agriculture and Livestock Management
People from the project affected areas have cultivated Solanumtuberosum (Aalo, Potato) and
the spices like Coriandrumsativum (Dhania), Allium sativum (Payj), etc are also grown. People
also grow wheat, millet, maize, beans, etc. But the main cash crop is Cardamom.
At present situation most of the local people are attracted towards cardamom farming which
has become important cash crops to sustain their livelihood easily by gaining lots of profit as
its market price is very high and has great demand in international market. Beside this people
are also involved in making raadi paakhi which is the peculiarity of this place and it has good
rank among the products exported to western countries from Nepal. People also have chicken,
goats, sheep as livestock in the area.
Table 4.43: Crop Distribution Crops Price Livestock Products Market Price
Rice - Milk 80 / litre
Daal 600/pathi Ghee 750 / kg
Corn 350/pathi Curd 80 / litre
Millet 350/pathi Goat meat 1000 / kg
Barley 600/pathi Buff meat 500/dharni
Cardamom 30,000/mann (40kg) Pork meat 900/dharni
Potato 300/pathi Local cock live 1500
Mustard - Others
Sugarcane - Stone 1000 per chatta
Cauliflower 50/kg Cement 2600 per sack
Iskus 50/kg Labor agriculture male 1000
Cabbage 50/kg Labor agriculture female 800
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.11 Industry
There is no industry in the project area.
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4.3.12 Tourism
The project area is potential for tourism industry. There are different places of touristic
importance that have abundant bird life, breathtaking rock gorges and scenic beauty.
Yamphudin has the enchanting scenery of riverbank of Kabeli khola with dense forest area.
The green pastures and a settlement are another factor adding to the beauty of the area. It is
also important for Gumba. This area is opened to foreigners only from 1990. The number of
trekkers and tourists reached 1000 in 2001. Most of the tourists visit for trekking purpose. The
data recorded in KCA office shows that about 480 tourist visit office annually. August to
November is main arrival time of tourist in the area. Mainly tourist from, France, UK, Germany
and Netherland have visited the area.Yamphudin is one of the way through which tourist travel
to Kanchanjunga. It takes about 4 days to reach Kanchanjunga following the route Dhupi
Bhanjyang, Torangden, Kature, Aandha phedi etc.About 194 tourist visits to the yamphudin
per year.Yamphudin is also a route for tourist to visit Pathivara (one of the important religious
destination of Hindu). It takes about three days to reach pathivara from yamphudin on walk.
4.3.13 Other Infrastructures along the Proximity of the Project
The situation of physical infrastructures in project area is not satisfactory. Lack of long term
sustainable development of physical infrastructure and remoteness are hurdles for
infrastructure development in the region. The area is not covered by any road network and it
takes about one day travel to reach the boundary of conservation area. The area has 1 health
post, 1 post office, 1 police post, 1 forestry office, and 1 animal health post, 1 hospital 1 co-
operative and 1 Women group institute as mentioned in the table below.
Table 4.44: Infrastructures in the project village S.N Name of Institution Total Numbers
1. Hospital 1
2. Health Post 1
3. Post Office 1
4. Police post 1
5. Telephone office -
6. KCAP office 1
7. Agriculture Service Centre 1
8. Animal Health Post 1
9. Shree Manglungkhang Multi purpose and co-operative 1
10. Kirat Rai religious place 1
11. Birthing Center 1
12. Laxmi women group 1
Source: EIA Field study, 2076
4.3.14 Water use rights
Water from Kabeli khola r is not used for irrigation, water mill, microhydro, cremation site,
drinking purpose or recreational purpose within the dewatered zone stretch of the proposed
project. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not
anticipated with this project. Therefore, there is no any issues and conflict of water uses of
Kabeli khola within dewatered zone.
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4.3.15 Existing and Planned Project in the Vicinity
Apart from Super Kabeli, there are 5 projects in upstream and downstream which are either in
survey or in generation license phase.
As the project lies in Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Guideline for the Physical
Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065 will be followed.
Therefore, 10% of monthly average flow has been purposed for the environment flow for
project. There will be cumulative effect to project due to dewatered stretch in upstream and
downstream project. Furthermore, construction of the project will be commenced in
coordination with upstream and downstream projects. The planned project (Upcoming and
under construction) in upstream and immediate downstream are presented below:
Table 4.45: List of projects upstream/Downstream S
.
N
.
Name of
the
Project
Capa
city
Proponent Latitude Longitude Distance Upstream/
Downstrea
m
1 Mathillo
Kabeli
HPP
28.10
0
MW
Peace Energy
Company Pvt. Ltd.
27° 18' 45"N to
27° 21' 40"
87° 50'
48"E to 87°
52' 00"
7426.94 m
from
SKKHEP
Downstrea
m
2 Upper
Kabeli-2
HEP
9.6
MW
Arun Valley
Hydropower
Development
Company Limited
27°17' 13"N to
27° 18' 35"N
87° 49'
55"E to 87°
50' 55"E
13456.59 m
SKKHEP
Downstrea
m
3 Super
Kabeli
Khola A
13.5
MW
Snow River Pvt. Ltd 27°27' 15"N to
27°28' 15"N
87° 55'
12"E to 87°
58' 15"E
504.59 m
from
SKKHEP
Upstream
4
Kabeli-3
HEP
21.93
0
MW
Kabeli Hydropower
Company Pvt. Ltd
27° 21' 41"N to
27° 25' 08"
87° 50'
58"E to 87°
53' 24"E
666.70 m
from
SKKHEP
Downstrea
m
5 Kabeli B-
1
25.00
MW
Arun Kabeli Power
Limited.
27° 16' 23"N to
27° 17' 13"N
87° 47'
00"E to
87° 50'
10"E
16064.99 m
from
SKKHEP
Downstrea
m
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CHAPTER: V 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
With reference to the project design parameters, the environmental impacts have been assessed
as per the National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines 1993 for magnitude, extent,
duration and significance of the impacts. Any impact is assessed as long term if it lasts for the
entire life of the project i.e. 20 years. Any impact is assessed as medium term if it lasts for more
than 3 years and less than 20 years. Any impact is assessed as short term if it lasts for only 3
years or during the construction period. Similarly, in assessing the significance, if the
quantified magnitude is more than 50%, (i.e. average), it would be termed as significant impact.
At the same time, if the impact is irreversible then the impact would be termed as significant.
In classifying the extent - limited within the project area is site specific, limited up to the
affected Rural Municipality is local and any impact extending beyond the project area would
be termed as regional impact.
Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or not realized during EIA study, but
later found significant, will also be mitigated or enhanced by the proponent.
5.1 Beneficial Impacts
The potential beneficial impacts of the SKKHPP development could be broadly listed under
following headings. The potential benefits are generate local employment opportunities,
enhance and generate local government revenue opportunities, enhance government service
opportunities, generate local trade and business opportunity, enhance environmental benefits
to local service facilities (water supply, education, healthcare, etc.), local tourism, rural
electrification opportunities and so on which are discussed in detail below:
5.1.1 Construction Stage
The likely beneficial impacts during the construction stage of the project are described below.
i. Increase in employment opportunity for local people
About 300 people will be deployed during the peak time of construction phase in civil and
mechanical works; this includes 72 skilled, 48 semiskilled and 180 unskilled manpower. The
socio-economic survey revealed that major population of the project area is willing to work in
the project. Assuming that 90% (162) of unskilled, 25% (12) of semiskilled and about 5% (4)
of skilled human resources can be hired from the project-affected settlements, the project will
generate local employment for 178 people from project affected areas of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake
Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada,
Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,
Yamphudin. By increasing the employment opportunity to the local people, the project will
hep increase the income level and thus improving the living standard of the local people. This
increase is likely to enhance development and promotion of other sectors, particularly the social
service sectors such as education, health, sanitation and drinking water facilities in and around
the project area.
The impact is direct as well as indirect in nature, of medium magnitude, local in extent and
short term in duration.
ii. Increase in local skills in the relevant areas
The project requires 72 skilled and 48 semi-skilled human resources, both having some
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technical skills. The minorities groups Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo, of
Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa,
Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki,
Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin are envisaged to increase their level of skill in the
construction activities.
The Project will also launch training programs in specialized areas such as electro-mechanical
works of hydropower, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization, spoil handling,
construction, metal works, etc. First priority will be given to the project affected people and
local people to the extent they are interested to get involved in construction activities.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in
duration.
iii. Increase in economic opportunity such as business, renting the houses and its impact
on local economy
A significant number of workers (300) will be hired during the construction phase of the
project, of which 122 workforces may be hired from the new places. From the project affected
area, a total of 178 workforces will get the employment. Further, there will be increase in the
demand of the local agricultural products and will help in establishment of the new market,
which will have positive impacts on economy of project-affected area.
With the residence of 122 workforces in the project area during the construction period, the
purchasing power of the local people will increased with increased demand for different types
of food, beverage and other daily requirements. This will lead to the establishment of tea stalls,
grocery shops, bars and restaurants. The local people will gain good experience in running
lodges, restaurants and grocery shops leaading to increased enterprenurships and creation of
employment opportunities among themselves and others as helpers. The development of new
market places may take place at Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu
Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar,
Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin. As a result, significant amount
of cash will circulate in the local economy.
Hence, economic status of these communities will be increased due to project implementation.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration.
iv. Community development support in the project area
The internal project access road to the head works and upgrading of internal project road to
powerhouse will be constructed which will improve transportation facilities. In addition, the
project will support health posts, schools, drinking water supply to the PAFs. The Project will
allocate certain fund for training the local farmers and traders of the community in modern
techniques of cash crop and livestock productions and in small enterprise development
activities suitable to fulfill likely demands of the workforce.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
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5.1.2 Operation Stage
i. Employment Opportunity during the operation of project
On the completion of construction work, the project will require some permanent posts during
the operation phase for the regular maintenance of project components such as diversion weir,
intake, gravel trap, settling basin, headrace pipe, headrace tunnel, Surge shaft, penstock pipe,
powerhouse and tailrace. About 20 people will be deployed during the operation phase of the
project permanently. In addition, about 10 other people will get part time job opportunity. Local
people will be recruited for administrative and technical works according to their qualifications
and skills. These will give permanent income source to some of the local people.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
ii. Government Royalty for local development
The project will generate royalty as per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal
Arrangement Act, 2074. According to policy, out of the total royalty project will pay, 50%
will go to central government, 25 % to the concerned province (state) and 25 % to the concerned
local level.
The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, national in extent and long term in duration.
iii. Retaining national expertise, skills and transfer of technology
The project requires 72 skilled and 48 semi-skilled human resource. In order to manipulate the
local people, the project will launch different training programs such as electro-mechanical
works, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization and spoil handling etc. related
to hydropower operation for the local people of Project Affected Rural Municipality. The
priority will be given first to the project affected families and the local people of the PAVs to
the extent they are interested to get involved in the operationa and maintenance related
activities.
The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in
duration.
iv. Enhancement of Power Supply
Due to operation of SKKHEP, an additional 12 MW of electricity will be connected to the
national grid. So, there will be increase in power and energy to the national grid.
The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in
duration.
v. Improve health and Sanitation
The establishment as well as standardization of health institution help local people to improve
their health institutions. Health and sanitation training and occupational health related training
to employees during operation phase, further increase the health and sanitation status of local
people and area.
The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
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vi. Local area development and mainstreaming to the national economic activities
The project will improve social services of that area that includes improvement in education,
health, agricultural extension, transport and communication, water supply and sanitation
structures, etc. Access of many local people to the improved social services will maximize the
use of such services and will bring the local people to the mainstream of the national economic
acivities.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
vii. Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project
The project area is the famous tourist destination and lies on the route of Great Himalaya
Trekking and new trekking route. The project area is potential for tourism industry. There are
different places of touristic importance that have abundant bird life, breathtaking rock gorges
and scenic beauty. Yamphudin has the enchanting scenery of riverbank of Kabeli khola with
dense forest area. Still, this trek is famous for flora and fauna, different birds and wildlife
species and particularly, Snow Leopard and Red Panda along the trail. So, the project can
promote the tourism and attract local youths in tourism activities.The professional people,
students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit the area to see how the
project is running in its operation phase. This may create a big opportunity for developing local
tourism in this area. The green pastures and a settlement are another factor adding to the beauty
of the area. It is also important for Gumba. Yamphudin is one of the way through which tourist
travel to Kanchanjunga. Yamphudin is also a route for tourist to visit Pathivara (one of the
important religious destination of Hindu).
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
viii. Increase awareness to KCA local body and Conservation Community Forest User
Groups for the natural resource management
The project will organize different awareness programmes in coordination with KCA officials
for the natural resource management. The awareness trainings will be according to the advice
of the KCA local body at Rural Municipality level set for the conservation management. In
addition, Sirijangha RM and Conservation Community Forest User Groups will be benefitted
by the awareness programmes, which will take place near to the project site within the KCA.
The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.
ix. Business opportunities for local people and enhancement of local economy
The project will not only provide the employment opportunities to the local people, but there
will also be a significant increase in the demand of their local agricultural products such as
cardamom, chiraito and livestock such as yak rearing, sheep rearing; this will promote other
business activities such as knitting carpet and trading of medicinal plants. The construction of
the internal access road will help in the transportation of the local products. The establishment
of new market place will provide increased opportunities for business for the local people.
Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa,
Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki,
Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be converted to the bigger markets, which will provide
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more services to local people. The local people having good experience in running lodges,
restaurants and grocery shops will enlarge their enterprises and create employment
opportunities among themselves. As a result, significant amount of cash will be circulated into
the local economy making it more vibrant. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in
magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
x. Development of Road Networking and bridges
The internal access road constructed by the project will provide local people access to the
strategic network of Nepal. Thus, increasing economy of the surrounding villages.
The project area will be served by less costly passenger transport services such as buses and
mini buses. Transport costs of goods will also decline and commodities will be available in
lower prices than before. The decline in transport costs and less-costly agro-inputs and raw
materials may motivate local farmers to further expand cash crops and industrial productions.
Due to the availability of reliable transport services health officers and teachers will be willing
to stay there or visit the area frequently. This will enhance development and promotion of social
service sector such as health and education facilities. All these will help to improve the overall
economic conditions and quality of life of local people. Sirijangha Rural Municipality will be
benefitted by the increased length of internal access road and upgrading of road up to project
area.
The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.
xi. Increase in Local Development Activities
According to Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074, the project will pay 25 % of
royalty to the concerned local level. This will certainly encourage local body to have improved
level of education, health, water supply, markets and communication services and ask the
project for investing to improve the level of the services. The project will generate royalty as
per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
xii. Protection against climate change reducing the greenhouse gases emission
With the operation of SKKHEP 12 MW, annually 69.24 GWh of energy will be added (the
dry season energy is 20.78 GWh and the wet season energy is 48.46 GWh) to the national grid,
which will save 769,333.33 liters of petrol (As one liter of petrol gives 9 kWh of energy, IHA,
2000). Likewise, 1 liter of petrol emits 2.3 kg of CO2 gas in the atmosphere (IEA, 2016); this
shows uses of 769,333.33 liters of petrol will emits 1769.47 tons of CO2 to the atmosphere.
Thus SKKHEP 12 MW project annually save 1769.47 tons of CO2 entering into the
atmosphere. This is a big asset from the environmental point of view in reducing significant
amount of greenhouse gas emission annually to the atmosphere.
The impact is direct in nature, high magnitude, and national in extent and long term in
duration.
xiii. Contribution of forest conservation by supplying 69.24 GWh energy annually
Comparing to the use of firewood, the annual generation of 69.24 GWh of energy from
SKKHEP, 12 MW, will saves 19,782.857 tons of firewood which otherwise would emit
36202.629 tons of CO2 to atmosphere assuming that 1 kg of wood after complete burning
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emits 1.83 kg of CO2 (IEA, 2016). Assumption was made on the basis that 1 ton of
firewood gives 3500 kWh (IHA et al, 2000).
The impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, national in extent and long term in
duration.
The summary of Environmental benefit of SKKHEP is shown in environmental matrix
Table 5.11.
5.2 Adverse impacts
SKKHEP has identified possible impacts on physical, biological and socioeconomic and
cultural environments from the approved Scoping and Terms of Reference. In order to keep the
study as per the Scoping and ToR of the study, impact on each issue has been discussed,
evaluated and the mitigation measures have been proposed in the following sections.
5.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment
The physical environmental issues of the project were studied in an extensive manner during
EIA study. The issues identified in the ToR were found to be the issues of concerns for the
project construction and operation.
5.2.1.1 Construction Stage
i. Impacts on land use
The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to the
KCA. Hence the land will be acquired on the temporary lease as far as possible. For example,
the land for the campsite, construction material stockpile area, etc. will be taken on lease only.
The land occupied by the project infrastructures including access road would be acquired
permanently.
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.
In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will
be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land. Temporary land will be
restored on completion of construction phase. The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude,
local in extent and short term in duration.
ii. Impact on Topography
The topographical changes will occur particularly in the headwork site; headrace tunnel,
settling basin, intake, surge shaft, penstock pipe, powerhouse area, quarry sites, spoil/muck,
and debris disposal sites, etc. In addition, construction of internal project access road will also
have long-term effect on topography as excavation and other earthworks area needed. Camp
facilities during construction require housing, office space and work areas. The landscape will
change at headwork, headrace tunnel, powerhouse, area for spoil/muck, debris disposal sites
and along the internal access road; ground elevation may be raised by 5 m than the present
level.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration.
iii. Storage of construction materials
The total required materials for SKKHEP during construction of civil structures will be 1075
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m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand, 2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 MT of reinforcement steel. Storage
of construction materials will be carried out at Powerhouse and headwork area. A total of 0.1
ha land will be temporarily required for the storage of construction materials at stockpiling sites
of both Powerhouse and headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari) area will be used as
stockpiling sites. Leakage of oil, grease, cements and other construction materials to the site
and adjoining area will have impact on the soil quality of storage sites, will pollute nearby
water sources; dust and odor pollution are also other potential impacts.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration
iv. Landslide and soil erosion due to excavation works
Although the bedrock is strong and stable, inundation of the small area at the intake would
invite slope failure due to soil saturation and water fluctuation. Slope overloading will take
place when side-casted at downhill slope leading to slope failures and mass wasting. Disruption
of natural drainage pattern will cause scouring, erosion and landslides. Construction works
related slope cutting can also trigger landslides. As the project area has high slope gradient,
landslide can turn into major source of silt during the Monsoon increasing suspended and bed
load in rivers, sedimentation of agriculture fields, and clogging drains and canals. Identification
of unstable land and proper protection measures can reduce the impact considerably. In some
sections of the access roads, old and recent scars of land degradation (landslides in the
Yamfudin) are visible indicating that the slope is naturally unstable. Side casting of excavated
material, steep slope cutting, improper drainage management along and across the road etc will
increase the risks of slope failure many fold. The quarry site located in the flood plain requires
only surface stripping operations and does not involve land stability problems. The surge shaft
portal, penstock pipe location, and power house require excavation in a rather steep section and
involving weak bed rock and regolith materials may give rise to the land stability related issues
during construction of these structures.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
v. Solid waste generated from camps
Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and construction
wastes. Improper handling and management of such wastes can result in production of
unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts and public health hazards.
Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly involved in
project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people
working in the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily migrate
to the project area during construction, including construction crews, members of their families,
and people who supply construction goods and services to the workers.
During the construction period, about 90 kg (assuming 300 gram for 600 people daily) of
domestic waste will be generated by the workforces (EIA study, 2019). The domestic waste
will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are biodegradable and non-hazardous, and
can be easily managed and will not be a significant problem. However, when the domestic
waste is dumped in the streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved
oxygen in water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition, improperly
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disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and provide
breeding ground for flies, attract rodents and other scavengers, which may raise public health
concerns, for the construction workers as well as the local people.
Waste generated by construction activities includes empty cement bags and containers,
unwanted materials, packaging materials and frames, plastics and other structures. This kind
of wastes though will be high in amount, will be reused and recycled, and will have low impact
on the environment.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
vi. Spoil/muck disposal
Huge amount, about 49,343.87 m3, of spoil/muck needs to be disposed off in appropriate
location. The spoil may be improperly disposed off on cropland, forestland and riverbank as
these types of terrain are around the project site. Improper handling and disposal of spoil will
result destruction of productive land and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in the river with
an adverse impact on aquatic life, and scars in the landscape. Contamination of water and
surface soil, sedimentation of water bodies, erosion of spoil and gully formation may occur,
especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff.
For safe and proper disposal of spoil thus created, project has allocated 0.05 ha of land area.
For intake and powerhouse, 100 yr flood is recommended, as design flood and structural safety
need to be checked for flood with 1000 yr return period. The land acquired for the purpose of
disposal site is temporary. In general, the impact due to muck/debris disposal in this project
will be of moderate level considering the project of similar sizes.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
vii. Leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals
More than 15 diesel and petrol vehicles, including light and heavy, will be in operation during
the construction of the Project. Similarly, engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, etc. would be needed
frequently. The labor housing would require large volume of kerosene for cooking purpose.
The reliable power supply is required for the employer's office, contractor's office, workshop,
etc. for which operation of a diesel power plant will be required.
The project will store fuel, grease and other lubricants for 1 month in its storage. The tentative
quantity of the stored diesel will be about 2000 liters, about 50 liters of lubricant oil and about
20 kg of grease per month. The possibility of leakage of oil and grease and other liquid
materials is high. These oil when spilled, spread easily over ground producing human health
and environmental impacts. The oil spilled near the water surface will pollute the water surface
and reduce the dissolved oxygen content. The oil leakage will have detrimental impacts on the
aquatic life. The Kabeli Khola, downstream from headwork and near the confluence, will be
affected in such cases.
The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in
duration.
viii. Change in river morphology due to operation of quarry site
Two quarry sites and borrow pits have been proposed for SKKHEP. The diversion of river flow
together with the construction and associated activities may damage or degrade the existing
channels and springs. This disturbed condition may change the river hydrology of the area.
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The upstream of dam will be deposited with sediments as well as the sediment released from
the dam will erode riverbed changing the course the river. There will be boulders, pebbles, and
sand all over the bank and flood plain of dewatered zone. Similarly haphazard extraction of
materials or in excessive mining, will seriously damage the local surroundings that will lead to
slope instability, landscape disturbance, landslide, erosion or box cutting of agriculture land,
etc.
The impact is direct in nature; medium in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and medium
term in duration.
ix. Impact on natural drainage due to water conveyance medium
Water alignment has to pass through different features, slope areas, kholsi and forestland.
Crossing of kholsi and difficult terrains in some location is challenging. Penstock pipe and
headrace tunnel alignment has to pass through different gullies and kholsi. The construction of
water conveyance system will affect water drainage system as this will disrupt surface flow
which may further increase the instability of slope and penstock alignment and other water
passing system of different lengths. There will be increase in gullies, soil erosion and land
instability due to blockage of natural drainage.
Considering the minor gullies, the impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to
local in extent and short term in duration.
x. Construction campsites
Three camp sites including contractor camp, labor camps and Engineering camps have been
proposed as construction support facilities during the construction period. Among the
campsites, one at headwork and one at powerhouse will be used during the operation period
also. Camp will be constructed on flat areas of the forest at headwork and powerhouse. Camp
and disposal sites have been considered at the same place because of topography of the area,
as it needs some filling materials to make usable.
Project will employ as many as local people to reduce the pressure of outsiders to the area, also
to minimize the impacts due to influx of construction workers. In total, project will recruit 300
workers and maximum of them will stay in settle in camp. Pollution to the nearby water source
is most likely to occur due to the camp establishment, land use change of the area and solid
waste generation,
Considering the size of workforce and nature of the camp area the impact is direct in nature;
moderate in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short term in duration.
xi. Impact due to seismicity
The project area falls in Nepal Seismic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic risk. A design
horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10.
It is recommended that; at least during the feasibility study stage an OBE value of 0.16 g be used
for the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project. There is no exceptional seismic risk and no
pending of water to threaten downstream populations in the event of catastrophic failure of the
5 m weir.
Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
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xii. Impact on Dewatered zone stretch
During the construction phase, impact on dewatered zone due to water diversion is not relevant.
Impact along the stretch due to contamination of water quality has been discussed in different
sections, viz Change in Water Quality, Release of toxic and hazardous waste, spoil disposal,
etc.
Thus, this issue is not relevant other than discussed during the construction phase of the
project.
xiii. Increased level of noise and vibration
The construction activities will generate noise and vibration at the project site. The main
activities that will generate noise and vibration are blasting, use of batching plants, movement
of heavy equipment, activities such as drilling, blasting, tunneling, vibrators, dozers, loaders,
rollers, cranes, generators, and pumps. This will disturb the present peaceful environment of
the project area. Especially the impact will be significant as the project area lies in forest areas
of KCA. Noise level above 65 dB is not desirable. The blasting noise level above 130 db can
be considered sufficiently high for human health. The construction activities of the project may
exceed this threshold of noise level, affecting human, wildlife and livestock of the project area.
As the project, construction site is near forest and far from dense human settlement, wild
animals will be affecting by noise pollution.
The impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short term
in duration.
xiv. Change in air quality
During the construction period, activities such as transportation and handling of construction
materials, excavation, drilling, use of heavy equipment, and the use of crushing and batching
plants will generate significant amount of dust and vehicular emissions (suspended particles,
carbon monoxide, sulfured oxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air). The
impacts on air quality will, however, be of short-term in duration and mostly limited to the
project site. It will be most severe at the sites of crushing plant, concrete mixing sites, along
the access roads, in the spoil disposal area and in areas where major construction activities will
occur, such as at the weir and the powerhouse site. The movement of heavy vehicles in project
site is likely to increase dust and vehicular emissions. The topographical condition of the site
is a narrow gorge, which will restrict, to a certain extent, the dispersion of air pollutants.
Other potential impacts on air quality are unpleasant odor due to improper management of
sewerage and solid waste, indoor smoke pollution due to cooking activities. Construction
activities will attract large number of migrant labors and people who supply goods and services
to the labor force. When adequate measures are not taken to handle the sewerage and solid
waste generated by this new population, there will be a possibility of increase in foul odor.
The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, regional in extent and short term in
duration.
xv. Change in water quality
The water analysis report confirms that the water quality of the Kabeli River at project area is in
pristine condition. However, increasing trends of chemical fertilizers and pesticide use in the
catchment area is envisaged to pollute the river water in future with increments in the nitrogen
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and phosphorous concentrations besides pesticides. The major contributor of the sediment load
in the catchment erosion is associated with the high monsoon precipitation. The project
construction activities are likely to increase the turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids
and BOD of the Kabeli River.
Disturbance of the riverbed, construction of dams, and the weir, disposal of unwanted materials
on the riverbanks, etc. will increase the turbidity, with suspended and dissolved solids in the
stream/river. Quarry sites are proposed along the Kabeli River, thus water body will bear the
impact. This will have some adverse impacts on the aquatic life. However, the impacts of
increased turbidity and pollution will be medium.
The impacts on water quality will be low in magnitude, local in scale and short term in
duration.
xvi. Loss of top soil
Loss of top soil is calculatrd to be 5200 m3 permanently and recovery chance is almost
impossible. There will be clearing and grubbing of vegetation from the project area for
construction related works like formation of new alignment, borrow area, quarry sites, increase
loss of top soil from these sites. Headwork area and facilities, headrace alignment, surge shaft,
penstock pipe and powerhouse area will have greater impact due to loss of top soil. The loss of
top soil will decrease the fertility of the land, thus reducing agricultural production.
The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent and short
term in duration.
xvii. Issues related to internal access road, bridge and construction power
Project internal Access Road
The internal project road will use the public and government land with the displacement of
private land. Further, construction of permanent internal access road requires 1.2 ha land.
Similarly, the construction vehicles and project vehicles will use the same road such that there
can be the occurrence of regular traffic jam, road accidents causing nuisance to villagers. The
associated impacts due to road construction are temporary like increase in turbidity of water,
mixing of various wastes, air pollution, visual pollution, debris into river water. These impacts
are all temporary and occur only during construction of road. These impacts will stop occurring
on completion of construction of road. But adequate compensation to the local people and
management of traffic can reduce the impact to great extent.
Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, site specific in nature and short term in duration.
Construction Power
5 Diesel generator of 250 kVA and 1 generator of 100 kVA power will be used as construction
power. Construction and operation of construction power line is considered as construction
phase issue of the project. The diesel generator may produce noises due to which local people
may get disturbed and also the wildlifes and birds may get affected.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration. An
overall impact due to construction power line to the physical environment is insignificant in
nature.
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xviii. Issue Blasting and Bunker operation
Storage and handling of explosive is risky and needs high level attention and help of securities.
Blasting during excavation works may affect the stability of the surrounding area and blasting
may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which the local people may be
affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will be anticipated during construction
phase.
The expected impact is direct, medium in terms of magnitude, site specific and of short-term
duration.
xix. Change on drainage pattern
The project activities may damage or degrade the existing springs and divert the flow of
channels. The disturbed flow together with the damage in spring channels due to construction
may alter the drainage pattern of the area.
Gneiss is the predominant rock within the area with traces of quartzite and schist in the form
of fine partition and good enough in terms of stability. The site excavations performed do not
fall on the faulty lines and discontinuities. As regard to the disturbance to the
watershed/catchment area, the project intake lying in between steep cliff of rocks, the
construction activities are isolated from the river channel that receive its water inputs.
The tunnel and powerhouse cavern excavation will lower the local groundwater table
considerably. Such lowering is expected within a region of few meters from the tunnel
alignment and powerhouse. Similar, observations have been made in other hydropower
projects. The springs along the tunnel alignment will be affected and ultimately the user
communities will be affected due to drying of the ground water and natural springs. The
construction activities, especially the construction of tunnel and penstock, will disrupt the
existing spring source and groundwater. However, such activities will not involve high
excavation and construction in spring source.
Thus, the impact due on geology and watershed is significant.
xx. Tunnel excavation problems
As project has optimized construction of its water conveyance system via tunnel requiring
blasting and excavation work. Blasting and excavation activities will have direct impact on the
local slope stability condition. Tunnel construction works resulting in the blasting, the
excavation works and movement of dump trucks will initiate spillage of the muck and spoil
around the area including surface water in the area. In case of ground water, as per the
construction design, the tunneling structure will not interface with the water level in the area.
The tunnel excavation will require control blasting that can cause small tremors, dust pollution
and instabilities inside the tunnel. When due attention is not given during the tunnel
construction, its excavation may cause collapsing of the tunnel or subsidence of the land above
the tunnel. However, the effect to ground water will be low as the tunnel bed is located in
bedrock-banded gneisses with partly quartzite and fine partition of schist.
The areas for tunnel construction have not mismatched with the springs nearby. The springs
and the sources of water in the area are all located at the outskirts of the tunneling sites. Thus,
the problems of springs drying may not exist.
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Going through this, the impact will be direct and less significant in nature.
xxi. Vibration from blasting and operation of heavy equipment, vehicles around the
surrounding areas
The impacts related to blasting have been discussed in section xviii. Blasting during excavation
works vibrates the land surface which may have direct impact on the local slope stability
condition. During the construction period, many vehicles will be used for transportation for
construction materials to construction site of the project. Likewise, heavy vehicles like loaded
trucks, tripper, excavators and others will also have to move frequently in and around the
project area. The movement of heavy vehicles may vibrate the surrounding area and may create
instability, slope failure and soil mass failure nearby the access road.
No springs will be affected, as no spring is found in the nearby area. Thus, the impact will be
moderate in magnitude, local in nature and short term in duration.
xxii. Issue of handling of explosive material
Blasting during excavation works may affect in the stability of the surrounding area and
blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which the local people may
be affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will be anticipated during
construction phase.
In overall, the expected impact is direct, medium in terms of magnitude, site specific and long-
term in terms of duration.
xxiii. Probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard
The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to ICIMOD 2011,
there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based on field investigation and
evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari,
Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli
River Catchment. Most of the lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not
cause damage and thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola
Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to lower the
water when an outburst will be of threatening level.
Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
5.2.1.2 Operation Stage
After construction, the project enters into operation and maintenance stage and power is
regularly generated from the powerhouse. During this stage, the following impacts are likely
to occur.
i. Changes in hydrology and sedimentation
The upstream of diversion weir construction will drastically change the river’s present
morphology due to change in the river bed elevation. Within the diversion section, between
diversion weir and the tailrace, there will be considerable reduction in the river discharge. The
river will have only residual environmental flow i.e. 10 % of monthly average flow (Table 4.7).
The river flood plain will be wider and chocked with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand.
There is potential of colonization of the flood plain areas by hygroscopic vegetation. In the
Monsoon season, however, this stretch of the river will exhibit characteristics of river
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morphology similar to that of the present. During construction there will be a temporary
increase in the sediment content of the river due to construction activities. The transportation
of loose spoils and muck deposits by runoff and earthen materials eroded due to construction
of access and internal project road may also increase sediment load in the water.
The topography of the project area consists of moderate to steep relief with an average hill
slope of 65˚. Quaternary deposit consists of alluvial terrace and colluvial deposit generated
through old rock falls, landslides, hillslope scree and river deposit. The deposit consists of
angular to rounded boulder cobble and gravel mixed with sand and silt which is also a potential
source of the sediments. But the bioengineering programs in the upstream of the project area
and construction of sedimentation basin can reduce the rate of sedimentation in the project area.
Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
ii. Impact on natural drainages
The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contribute by the soil and rock in the catchments
area. The impact is residual in nature. Regular clearance of the settling basin, gravel trap will
be carried out during the operation phase. Thus, collected sediment will be put safely. So due
to this, the impact due to collected sediments in the nearby natural drainage will be less.
Owing to the site and area conditions, the impact will be medium in magnitude, medium in
range and long term in duration.
iii. Possibility of slope failure at tunnel portals
The excavation of the area during construction of the tunnel and tunnel portals of the project
may make the slope area weak and unstable. Further, the flow of water during the operation
phase may make the slope instable especially in the inlet and outlet portal of tunnel. Due to
which the slope failure, soil mass fall may occur. The impact is indirect in nature, low in
magnitude, local in extent and long-term in duration.
iv. Noise and vibration in powerhouse area
Due to the heavy machine running continuously while generating 12 MW of power, the sound
pollution is expected to be greater than 75 dBA, which will be the major issue at powerhouse
site.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in
duration.
v. Change in water quality due to reduced flow
The water quality of the river in the Monsoon season even in the dewatered zone section
(between diversion weir & tailrace) and below tailrace will be similar to that of the present.
There will be some changes in the water quality in the dry months from October to June in the
dewatered stretch of the river between diversion weir and tailrace. Considerable volume of
water will be added by the tributaries, but the greater share of the water volume will be
contributed by the residual environmental flow of the Kabeli River from the diversion weir.
The dissolved oxygen level may slightly drop while the water temperature will slightly increase
than that of the present. Suspended sediment load in the river water will however, significantly
drop than that of the present.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
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vi. Leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals
During the operation period maintenance of mechanical equipment of powerhouse needs
chemicals, which may leak during the maintenance work. While sweeping, such chemicals may
get directly mixed with the water body unless preventive measures are used.
When such oil/chemicals are spilled, they easily spread over ground and also produce eye sore.
The oil spill pollutes the water surface and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body will
be reduced. In such cases, the oil leakage ill have detrimental impacts on the aquatic life. Impact
due to leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals however in Kabeli River during the operation
period may not be relevant, considering the leaked oil and the large volume of river water.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in
duration.
vi. Change in microclimate in the dewatered stretch
Slight change in the micro-climate of the dewatered section of the river between diversion weir
and tailrace is expected. In such section, the temperature might fall by about 0.5⁰C in the winter
season, whereas it may rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C in the hot summer season (April – June). In the
monsoon season (July- October), water temperature will be similar to that of present. On the
other hand vegetation growth pattern along the stream alignment will be altered during the dry
season, thus also the micro-climate.
The impact is indirect in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
vii. Impact of Seismicity
The project area falls in second seismic risk zone of Nepal having a moderate potential seismic
risk. The seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15
g – 0.16 g. Due to excavation works and blasting works during the construction of project
components like tunnel and surge shaft, the slope may get unstable. And as project area falls in
second seismic risk zone, if earthquake occurs, the unstable and weak slope area may collapse
which may take many lives and damage more property.
Thus, the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
ix. Water Use and Right
The field observation and interaction with local community revealed that locals do not use the
water from the Kabeli River at dewatered area for cremation, irrigation, micro-hydro, water
mill and other purposes have. Therefore, construction of the project will have no impact in this
section of the projecct.
x. Probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard
The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to ICIMOD 2011,
there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based on field investigation and
evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari,
Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli
River Catchment. Most of the lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not
cause damage and thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola
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Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to lower the
water when an outburst will be of threatening level.
Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
5.2.2 Biological Environment
The biological environmental issues of the project were studied in an extensive manner during
EIA study. The issues identified in the ToR were found to be the issues of concerns for the
project construction and operation.
5.2.2.1 Construction Stage
i. Loss of Forest and Vegetation (Plant Diversity)
The implementation of the project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA (Permanent: 2.13 ha
and temporary 0.2 ha) which is under the management of Conservation Area Management
Committee of KCA. Of the total required permanent land from government land, i.e 2.13 ha,
1.83 ha will be acquired from KCA Forest and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA.
Of the total required temporary land from government land, i.e 0.2 ha land will be acquired
from river flood plain under KCA.
A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250 seedling /ha,
850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost from the government land during the
construction period. The regeneration status of forest in the project area is good. Trees will be
cut down in project main component and along the project support facilities such as access road
from Headworks, Water Conveyance, Camp site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and crusher
plant, etc.
Implementation of the SKKHPP requires cutting down of about 26 different species of trees
and many species of medicinal and non-timber forest products. The highest loss is of Alnus
nepalensis i.e 161 number. The project activities may disturb the in-situ habitat of plant species
along the project alignment.
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Table 5.1: Loss of tree species and regeneration status S.
N
Location
Total
no. of
trees
loss
pole
tree Total Basal Area
(m2)
Total Volume
(m3)
Regeneration Status No. /ha
Pole (<30 cm
dbh)
dbh range of
Pole
Tree
(>30 cm
dbh)
dbh
range of
Tree
Seedling Sapling
1 Access Road 52 21 12-42.5 31 31-47.5 12.73 47.06 338 88
2 Intake 337 86 11-45 251 12-49.8 91.11 408.96 2191 573
3 Surge shaft 12 3 22-23 9 57-47 3.12 17.96
78 20
4 Penstock
Pipe
79 12 12-29 67 14-49 22.00 85.84
514 134
5 Power house 20 2 28-32 18 36-49 6.08 24.80 130 34
Grand
Total
500 124 376
3250 850
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 5.2: Loss of tree species in different components of project SN Local Name Name of species Access Road Intake Penstcok Pipe Power house Surge shaft Grand
Total
pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree
1 Aaru Prunus persica 1 1
2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 1 1 1 3 6
3 Asare Lagerstroomia reginae 1 1
4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 1 3 4
5 Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 2 5 1 2 1 2 13
6 Chilaune Schima wallichii 9 15 1 4 4 1 2 36
7 Chutro Berberis aristata 1 1 5 1 1 9
8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 3 1 16 7 2 2 31
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SN Local Name Name of species Access Road Intake Penstcok Pipe Power house Surge shaft Grand
Total
pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree pole tree
9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 4 15 3 9 3 34
10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 1 1
11 Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 1 4 5
12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata 8 18 5 31
13 Kafal Myrica esculenta 1 1
14 Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua 1 1
15 katus Castanopsis tribuloides 1 8 9
16 Khanyoo Ficus camia 3 3
17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa 1 5 5 1 1 13
18 Malato Macaranga pustulata 2 11 3 1 17
19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 2 1 20 23
20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 3 6 5 25 1 7 47
21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides 5 1 1 7
22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis 6 7 2 15
23 Salla Pinus roxburghii 4 3 7
24 siris Albizia chinensis 2 12 1 6 21
25 Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 1 1 1 3
26 Utis Alnus nepalensis 5 4 12 100 23 11 6 161
Grand Total 21 31 86 251 12 67 2 18 3 9 500
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
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Table 5.3: Loss of tree species in KCA SN Local
Name
Name of species Total no. No of
pole
No. of tree DBH Range (cm) Average DBH
(cm)
Average height
(m)
Total Basal
Area (m2)
Volume
(m3)
1 Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 12 12.00 1.00 0.09 0.06
2 Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 6 2 4 11-45 32.92 3.17 1.55 3.56
3
Asare Lagerstroomia
reginae
1 1 22 22.00 2.00 0.17 0.22
4 Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 4 4 31-45 36.35 5.25 1.14 3.90
5
Bhalayo Semecarpus
anacardicum
13 4 9 12-46 33.70 4.38 3.44 10.03
6 Chilaune Schima wallichii 36 11 25 16-49.8 34.45 5.64 9.73 37.44
7 Chutro Berberis aristata 9 3 6 12-47.5 32.61 3.11 2.30 4.88
8 Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 31 23 8 12-44.5 25.15 2.82 6.12 12.17
9 Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 34 7 27 16-47.5 34.69 4.62 9.26 27.39
10 Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 1 1 21 21.00 1.00 0.16 0.11
11
Guras Rhododendron
ferrugineum
5 1 4 22-38.2 32.33 4.20 1.27 3.58
12 Jhingane Eurya acuminata 31 8 23 18-47.5 34.09 4.61 8.29 25.28
13 Kafal Myrica esculenta 1 1 32 32.00 7.00 0.25 1.12
14
Kainyo Wendlandia
puberlua
1 1 13 13.00 3.00 0.10 0.20
15
katus Castanopsis
tribuloides
9 1 8 15.8-49 36.81 8.22 2.60 14.47
16 Khanyoo Ficus camia 3 3 13 21.67 1.67 0.51 0.53
17 Latto Kath Swidaob longaa 13 7 6 16-42 28.36 3.19 2.89 6.16
18 Malato Macaranga pustulata 17 2 15 17-48 36.32 8.00 4.85 25.74
19 Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 23 1 22 19.5-49.8 40.12 10.00 7.24 47.76
20 Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 47 9 38 20-48 35.87 4.09 13.23 35.49
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SN Local
Name
Name of species Total no. No of
pole
No. of tree DBH Range (cm) Average DBH
(cm)
Average height
(m)
Total Basal
Area (m2)
Volume
(m3)
21 Paiyo Prunus corasoides 7 6 1 14-41 23.00 2.71 1.26 2.90
22 Putta Brassasopsis mitis 15 6 9 14-48.2 29.06 4.27 3.42 8.92
23 Salla Pinus roxburghii 7 4 3 15.6-41.67 27.03 5.07 1.49 5.94
24 siris Albizia chinensis 21 3 18 13-48.5 34.92 6.57 5.76 24.57
25
Timur Zanthoxylium
armatum
3 2 1 19.5-33.41 26.80 5.33 0.63 2.18
26 Utis Alnus nepalensis 161 17 144 11-49.8 37.41 8.89 47.29 280.06
Grand
Total
500 124 376 34.41 6.26 135.07 584.62
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short term in duration.
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.ii. Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants
Among the enumerated NTFPs and medicinal plants, 15 species will be removed from their in-
situ habitat. Duuring the construction of project, 3 species of plant having medicinal value, and
having local significance and even having economic importance will get affected due to site
clearance during the erection of project structures (Table 5.4).
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration.
Table 5.4: Loss of NTFPs and Medicinal Plants S.N. Nepali/
Local name
English
name
Scientific name Parts
used
Uses
1 Pudina Pepper mint Mentha arvensis Leaves Juice of leaves is used to cure of
digestion, asthma, and to regulate
urine.
2 Sisnu Stinging
nettle
Urtica dioica Root and
shoots
Juice or decoction of root and shoot is
used to cure for anemia, to purify
blood and for tonic.
3 Kus Sacrificial
grass
Demostachya
bipinnata
Whole
plants
Juice or decoction in given to cure of
asthma, jaundices and biliousness.
4 Kimbu
khaphal
Mulberry Morus alba Fruit,
Bark
Fruits are eaten to kill thirst and bark
decoction is used in fever.
5 Kali neuro,
Neguro
Fern Dryoathyrium
boryanum
Tendril
shoots
It is used for headache, fever and
stomachic disorders.
6 Halhale,
Halhale Sag
Curly doek Rumex crispus Root and
leaf.
Leaf decoction is used in cough,
constipation, mouth disorders. And,
root paste is used to remove the
complication of cuttings, wounds etc.
in the skins.
7 Ghod tapre,
Topre jhar,
Brahmi
Water
pemywort
Centella asiatica Whole
plant
Juice of plants is used to cure for
fever, jaundice and internal heat of the
body.
8 Gurjo laharo - Tinospora
cordifolia
Stem Stem powder and juice in used in
diabetes, body ache and for local tea.
9 Ganja,
Bhang,
Bhango
Hemp Cannabis sativa
L
Leaf,
resinous
exudates.
It is used for stomachic disorders.
Resinous exudates are used in
diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and cold.
10 Githa Air potato Dioscorea
bulbifera
Bulb Small pieces are boiled and applied to
kill of stomachic worms. For this
purpose the people eat it in each year
(May-June).
11 Dhairo Fire-flame
bush
Woodfordia
fruticosa
Flower Juice of flower is used in dysentery
and to care of bleeding in stool.
12 Chuttro Barberry Berberis aristata Root
bark
Juice or decoction is used for jaundice,
diarrhea, and fever and eye infection.
13 Chiraito,
Lektite
Chiretta Swertia chirayita Whole
plants
Decoction of plants is used to cure of
fever, typhoid, wounds, cuts, diabetes.
14 Bhyakur,
Kukur Tarul
Deltiod yam Dioscorea praeri Tuberous
rootstock
Juice is used to control pregnant.
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S.N. Nepali/
Local name
English
name
Scientific name Parts
used
Uses
15 Asuro,
Bhasak
Malabar nut Adhatoda vasica leaves,
flower,
roots
Decoction of plant is used for cough,
chronic bronchitis.
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
iii. Wildlife habitat disturbance
Construction of project components will have an impact on the habitat connectivity of wildlife
species. Clearance of forest area of the national forest will have impact on the habitat of wildlife
due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding habitat and movement of short range wildlife species
will be impacted. In addition, the operation of access road during the construction period will
also disturb the wildlifes specially birds. The wildlife is noise sensitive. The increased mobility
of people and construction vehicles will drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the construction
sites. Increased noise level not only drives away the terrestrial wildlife but also adversely
affects their breeding behaviour.
Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of diverse types of
construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the water body of the Kabeli
Khola will severely affect the aquatic lives (flora and fauna) with limited range of tolerance.
The haphazard disposal of camp wastes and toxic wastes from construction is also envisaged
to have an impact on the night scavenging wildlife of the area. Food poisoning due to mixing
of toxic materials could be even fatal to the nocturnal wildlife.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration.
iv. Illegal collection of forest products by the workforce/Increase Demand of Firewood
and Timber
The workforce and camp dwellers during the construction period may illegally collect firewood
and timber for their personal use (cooking, heating) or for project needs (timber). This will
further decrease the forest and plant species from the area and vicinity.
During the construction phase, construction workforce may be involved in the illegal collection
of forest products. As of date, the use of local forest resources is limited to the local community
consumption only under the supervision of KCA council, KCA, CCFUGs. With the access
road reaching near to the forest around the project area, it is highly likely that the forest
resources of headworks area will be commercially exploited.
The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term in nature.
vi. Loss of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Wildlife Species
The project may not directly affect wildlife species of conservation significance of the KCA as
forest habitat will not be lost. However, the KCA is home to a number of endangered species
such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear
(Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). Among the 10 identified
wildlife species of conservation category in the project region, none of the species was found
to use the forest area to be affected by the project as breeding habitat. However, this forest area
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may lie within the habitat range of some wildlife. The loss of the feeding ground will have
some impact on the wildlife.
The impact is indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
ix. Illegal Hunting, Poaching and Illegal Trade
Forest within project area will be monitored by the KCA staff and local KCA management
committee, KCA council. With better access road, the interest to wildlife product mainly, meat
of Kalij and Ratuwa may increase and it will induce poaching and trade of such wildlife.
Likewise, demand of forest products such as firewood, timber, NTFPs and some medicinal
plant species is envisaged to increase during the construction period due to rise in the number
of workforce.
Therefore, there will be impact on wildlife population and vegetation. Some part of KCA area
along the right and left banks of Kabeli Khola, especially around powerhouse area and quarry
site, is envisaged to be impacted more than the other area. Increased flow of people during
construction period may pressure the existing KCA staff, KCA council and local security
personals at Sirijangha Rural Municipality to carry out more and effective monitoring in the
KCA. When the monitoring for safeguarding the wildlife and biodiversity of the KCA will not
be effective and at the desired level, illegal wildlife poaching activities, their trade, illegal
collection of medicinal plants and NTFPs will increase. Such uncontrolled activities of the
people will have very significant impact on the wildlife of the KCA.
The overall impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent and short term in
duration.
x. Temporary Diversion of Water
River Diversion
The construction works at the river bed at the headwork is limited to water diversion while
erecting the dam foundation. This activity will be of limited to about 1 month or so in the dry
season. About 5654 m the river stretch will be affected by the water diversion and the section
may be dewatered.
Aquatic life like fishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of such section will be affected.
Increase in water turbidity during construction period will also affect the river stretch in the
downstream areas affecting the aquatic life.
Impact on fish species is significant as fish species occur along the stretch.
During the Construction of Headworks
Freshwater flora and fauna of the Kabeli Khola will be affected due to accidental spill and
leakages of oils, lubricants, hazardous waste, and direct disposal of diverse types of
construction wastes, head work site construction wastes, spoils debris into the water body
which will be severely affected during the construction period. The tolerance limits of
freshwater species will be limited by the extreme conditions. Thus the aquatic life will have
severe impact.
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During the Construction of Powerhouse
Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of diverse types of
construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the water body of Kabeli Khola
may adversely affect the aquatic fauna.
The overall impacts of river diversion are direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in
extent and short term in duration.
xi Increased Fishing Activities
Workers may be fascinated to fishing activities during off time. Mainly the labour force may
be involve in fishing activities. Application of harmful techniques like use of explosives,
chemicals and electric shocks by the labours may lead to overexploitation of existing fish
species in the river. The impact is direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent and
short term in duration hence not significant.
xii Disturbance to Aquatic Flora/Fauna
During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction period
about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this section will be
impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be increased. Thus downstream
flora and fauna will also be impacted.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration
hence not significant.
xiii Impact of Forest Fire
The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate, and
settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed hardwood forest and
presence of shrub land and ground vegetation is significant in the area. There is fire hazard risk
but it depends upon the activities and their working area.
During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental lighting to the
forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light the fire to the adjoining
forest basically during summer season. Both bank of Kabeli Khola consist dense forest hence
will have significant impact.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent & short term in duration.
xiv. Forest encroachment
During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the course of
construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of trees may happen. Due
to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest encroachment by local people and workers
may increase in the project area in unnecessary forest lands. The highly valued standing forest
resources such as timber, firewood, litter, fodder may be unnecessarily harvested. Haphazard
clearance and overexploitation of NTFPs will make the cleared resources valueless to the users
and owners.
Nepalese forests are already suffering from the encroachment of weeds. Clearance of standing
vegetation along project area will provide grounds for the encroachment and is a concern of
short term, medium magnitude and local biodiversity loss.
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5.2.2.2 Operation Phase
i. Disturbance to Fish Migration
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra), Katle
(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) are short range migratory fish species.
The construction of the diversion weir in the Kabeli Khola may affect movement of fish
species, especially of migratory fish. In addition, fish and aquatic life migration is influenced by
sediment, water temperature, stream flow, dissolved oxygen and other direct and indirect factors
which influence swimming capabilities of the fish. Since the water will be diverted, the
dewatered section of Kabeli Khola will have less population of fishes. These species occupy a
range of distribution in both upstream and downstream areas and will be isolated by the
construction of weir. The fish populations in upper section may become isolated from those of
downstream. These species occupies a medium range of distribution and can even survive in
the limited available habitat.
The impact is direct in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
ii. Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Removal of river boulder for quarry, diversion of the river, reduced flow along the river stretch
will have adverse impact on fish and aquatic life during operation phase.
The magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long term.
iii. Disturbance to wildlife habitat
The increased mobility of people and operational workforce will drive away the terrestrial
wildlife from the vicinity of project sites. The terrestrial wildlife is very noise sensitive. Thus
increased noise level not only drives them away from the area but also adversely affect their
breeding behavior. The increased noise level in general and high pitch noise may drive the
terrestrial wildlife away from the project sites to a considerable distance.
The magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long term.
iv. Disturbance to wildlife movement
The project infrastructures erected on the surface such as weir, settling basin, headrace tunnel,
and powerhouse and project support facilities will act as barrier or disturb the movement of
wildlife in and around the project area. The electric light arrangement will also be high in
powerhouse and intake area, which will disturb movement of wildlife in surrounding areas.
However, the approach for movement of wildlife is sufficiently available in this area as the
project lies in forest areas and there is no settlement nearby.
The impact is indirect in nature low in magnitude, local in extent &long term in duration.
v. Easy access to forest due to internal access road
The project will construct about 6 km internal access road that will reach adits, surge shaft,
construction yards and camps. Access road will provide an easy access to forest patch. The
area being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation of KCA will prohibit such
activities. With the opening of access road and commencement of the project operation, it is
highly likely that the forest resources of the area will be exploited illegally, despite the presence
of KCA.
The impact is indirect in nature low in magnitude, regional in extent and long term in duration.
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vi. Release of water to downstream during maintenance
The project may have impact with regard to movement and safety of wildlife due to release of
water in downstream area of intake during operation. Particularly the low flow area
downstream of intake site will have this kind of impact. Due to diversion of water the discharge
of stream between intake and powerhouse will be change. There will be flow variation
downstream of the powerhouse due to release of water after power generation. The impact is
occasional and accident to wildlife is by chance or accidental.
Hence the magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long
terms.
vii. Reduction of Water Flow in the dewatered Zone
Reduction of water flow along 5654 m stretch of the Kabeli Khola will have cumulative impact
on aquatic life such as along the lower section of stream, impact on phytoplankton, zooplankton
and aquatic insects.
The magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long term.
viii. Impact on KCA flora and fauna
The operational activity at headwork site has greater possibility of disturbances to flora and
fauna of nearby forests rather than in the powerhouse area. During the operation phase,
operation related workforce and their dependent could involve in illegal collection of firewood,
NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity would trigger the status of adjoining flora and fauna
badly. This will further challenge the management of KCA.
The magnitude of impact is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long term.
ix. Forest Fire
The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate, and
settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed hardwood forest and
presence of shrub and ground vegetation is significant in the area. There is risk of fire hazard,
but it depends upon the activities and their working area.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration.
x. Disturbance to migratory birds
The birds, diurnal or nocturnal, take flights in search of food and other breeding purposes i.e.
bird movements are common for feeding and recreational habit. The forested areas are the
prime habitats of the birds. As the project area lies in the route of many migratory birds, the
clearance of the trees in this area will disturb in the habitat, nesting, forage, their behavior and
migration. The loss of the habitat will compel the birds and animals to move to other grounds
which are less suitable for them. Habitat disturbance will significantly affect the diversity,
richness, abundance and species composition of avifauna in disturbed habitats (disturbed forest
and agriculture). Such habitats will be severely affected due to dumping, blasting and road
construction as many avifauna are very sensitive to noise exposure.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
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xi. Electrocution
Electrocutions are most directly related to switchyard, power transmission and distribution
lines. As the switchyard will be well protected the chances of electrocution to wildlife from
direct contact with high-voltage electricity will be low.
Thus the impact will be low in magnitude, site specific and long term in duration.
5.2.3 Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment
The socioeconomic environmental issues of the project were studied in an exhaustive manner
during EIA study.
5.2.3.1 Construction Stage
i. Acquisition of land and other private property
The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent purpose and
0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes. About 6 km long internal access road
will be constructed to reach, surge shaft, construction yards and camps. 25 HHs were affected
due to land acquired and leased in Sirijangha Rural Municipality, wards 6, 7 and 8 in Taplejung
district.
The impact is direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent &short term in
duration.
ii. Issues related to livelihood of affected settlements
The construction of SKKHPP will affect the households of 25 families due to permanent
& temporary land acquisition and other are also affected due to their nearest settlement
within the project area. The livelihood of these affected families will change by the project.
These families will cope with the positive as well as negative impacts due to construction
of the project. The acquisition and leasing of private land required had already been done
with minimal impact on ethnic groups such as Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,
Mawo etc.
Table 5.5: Land leasing/acquisition cost of private land SN Land description Permanently land required (ha) Temporary land
required (ha)
Total (ha)
1 Khet 1.1 1.1
2 Bari 7.05 0.15 7.2
Total 8.15 0.15 8.3
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & long term in
duration.
iii. Loss of standing crops
Permanent loss of land is directly related to the agricultural production or means of
livelihood in the rural economy. The major cash crops such as Alaichi and Vegetables are
affected due to construction of the project. Due to the implementation of the project, 2.19
MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28 MT of maize and 1.50 MT of Millet, 0.59 MT of
Barley, 1.48 MT of beans and 3.55 MT of potato will be lost. Furthermore, 220 Pole of
Bamboo, 1600 kg of Vegetable, 2.5 MT of Cardamon, 1500 pole of Nigalo will be lost.
And 2200 bhari of grass and 1250 bhari of tree fodder will be lost.
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However no monetary evaluation of medicinal plants has been carried out. No commercial
farming of NTFPs and medicinal plant plot will be affected because of the project. Further
details is given in Annex X.
iv. Occupational health and safety hazard
Construction workforce, especially the laborers are susceptible to injuries and diseases.
Workforce involved in new slope cutting will be exposed to typical health hazards.
Laborers involved in structural works will also encounter risks. Personnel involved in
handling of fuel, lubricants and hazardous material have risks of facing health hazards.
Working in dust, tree felling, spoil tipping and quarry/crushers will also pose serious risk
to the laborers. Poor drinking water, lack of hygienic environment in labor-camps,
unmanaged work-camps and haphazard stockpiling are the major areas that will increase
the chances of the workforce being exposed to health risks. Potential impacts to health are
respiratory diseases, eye infections, dysentery, diarrhea and cholera.
The impact is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short term in
duration.
v. Increase in pressure on local health and sanitation facilities
The additional workforces and their family from outsides to the local area will increase the
pressure on local health & sanitation facilities. Health condition of the local people is good.
Nonetheless, few cases of STDs were reported and AIDS was not reported from the project
affected area. The impact is envisaged to the public taps, sanitation facilities, and local
market. There is health post in the project area but emergency health services required for
the workforce is not available in the vicinity.
Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far as possible.
The project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar, Sukepani, Tarton, Selep,
Kisongama, Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining required skilled and semi-skilled human
resource may be hired from outside to the project site. So, the outsider impact is minimum.
Overall, the impact is indirect in nature, high in magnitude, local in extent & short term
in duration.
vi. Pressure on community infrastructures and resources
During construction phase, SKKHPP will have major impacts community infrastructures
and resources. In road network, we expect a flow of about 70 vehicles /day during the
period of construction period frequently. The movement of people along foot trails from
to proposed access road will not be disturbed by the implementation of the project. Rather
the project will enhance the mobility of the local people by constructing the new access
road near to the same alignment. Other resource such as drinking water resources will not
have any impact due to construction of SKKHPP information because of the sources of
drinking water quiet far from the project components. But, additional sources and pipe line
if not installed for the labor force the community taps will not bear the pressure.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent & short to long term
in duration.
vii. Impact due to conflict of interest
The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural background
may create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law and order situation in the
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project area. The anti-social activities such as alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking,
prostitution and hooliganism may provoke social disturbances.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent & short term in
duration.
viii. Impact on social, cultural and religious practices
There are communites of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo etc living
nearby the project area. Dwelling of the diversed community make the project area sensitive
and important from cultural and religious point of view. If additional workforces from
different caste following different culture and religious came there might be some problem
with in this society, especially on cultural and religious practices of these communities.
But since the settlement is very far from the project area and the camping sites will be
constructed in the construction sites, there is very less chance to meet the outside laborers
and local people. So the impact on social, cultural & religious practices of the locals is
very less.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude local in extent & short term in
duration.
ix. Issues on law and order
The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural background
will create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law and order situation in the
project area. The anti-social activities such as alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and
hooliganism may provoke social disturbances. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh
Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim,
Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,
Yamphudin are most likely to be affected.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & short term
in duration.
x. Issues related to gender and disadvantage groups
During project construction daily wages labor will be deployed for excavation,
transportation of construction materials and other construction related works. The
contractor especially the subcontractors may discriminate the women and disadvantage
groups (Dalit and Janajati) while hiring the workers. In general the employment
opportunity will be more to men in comparison to women in development projects
implemented so far in Nepal and this trend will continue in this project also.
The impact of the project construction is also expected on the poor and disadvantage
people who might be directly not affected by the project but affected in other ways such
as price hike, shortage of consumable goods, social inferiority and less opportunity of
project related benefits.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & short term
in duration.
xi. Impacts due to construction activities
Due to project implementation, major portion of headwork and water conveyance
alignment minimum impact will be arise during construction phase. During the
construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities settlement area will bear
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disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle movement, etc. Noise
pollution will be major concern during construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is
not desirable. Since, settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is
negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlife are anticipated.
Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles and construction activities
will affect these both settlements.
Regarding the impacts this is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &
short term in duration.
xii. Issues of blasting and other construction activities
Due to project implementation, major portion of headworks and water conveyance alignment
minimum impact will be raised during construction phase. During the construction of
powerhouse and powerhouse facilities settlement area of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh
Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,
Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will bear
disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle movement, etc. Though noise
pollution will be major concern during construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not
desirable. The blasting activities during construction of would likely to exceed this threshold
of noise level. But, since settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is
negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlifes are anticipated.
Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles will affect these settlements.
Regarding the impacts this is of direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &
short term in duration.
xii. Issues of foot trails along due to project components
Existing foot trails near the project area of the SKKHPP will be affected due to the project.
The foot trails will be used for the transportation of the construction materials and labors
to reach proposed site of project components. The stability of the foot trails may be
degraded due to this.
So the impacts will be low magnitude, site specific and short term.
xii. Issues on houses and settlements along water conveyance alignment
There are less settlements within Proposed SKKHPP, so no major impacts on house and
settlement.
So the impacts will be low magnitude, site specific and short term.
xiii. Impacts related to tourism activity
After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before. The
professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit
the area to see how the project is being constructed. This may create pressures in the local area
and local resources. Local resource such as drinking water resources, road and forest may
be impacted due to SKKHPP. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local
in extent & short term in duration.
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xiv. Water use right
The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water from
Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing purposes
or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.
Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence at the time of
this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not
anticipated with this project. River water is not used for any other proposes of water mill or
irrigation canal within the stretch.
The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local in extent &short term in duration.
xv. Impact of solid waste
Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and construction
wastes. Improper handling and management of these wastes can result in production of
unpleasant odours, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts and public health hazards.
Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly involved in
project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people
working in the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily migrate
to the project area during construction, including construction crews, members of their families,
and people who supply goods and services to the workers.
The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are biodegradable and
non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be a significant problem. However, if
the domestic waste is dumped in the streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of
dissolved oxygen in water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition,
improperly disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell,
and attract flies, rodents and other scavengers which could produce public health concerns, for
the construction workers as well as the local people.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.
xvi. Land encroachment
During the project construction, clearance of the land will be done. In the course of construction
of project components the possibility of forest encroachment, encroachment of barren land and
river flood plain may occur. The highly valued standing forest resources such as timber,
firewood, litter, fodder, NTFPs may be unnecessarily harvested.
The impact is a concern of short term, medium magnitude and local.
5.2.3.2 Operation Stage
i. Decrease or withdrawal in economic activities
The project induced economic activities during the construction phase will come to an end
after the construction of the project. Significant numbers of workers about 300 workforces
will lose the project job and only few about staff will remain during the operation phase.
The withdrawal of economic activities will drastically reduce the demand for local
agricultural, dairy and meat products resulting reduced income of the local communities
of the area. This boom and bust effects of the project may also have some impact on the
lifestyle of the local people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.
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The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and long term in
duration.
ii. Occupational, health & safety hazards
Occupational Health and Safety aspect is one of the likely impacts to be experienced
during the operation and maintenance period of the project. Access to electricity may also
bring some hazard associated to electric shock. Similarly, lack of training on operation and
maintenance skill and unavailability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may also
cause risks for human live.
The impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent andlong term in duration.
iii. Reduction of agricultural land
There will be reduction of 8.15 ha agricultural land permanently.
The impact will be medium in magnitude, local specific and long term.
iv. Sudden release of water downstream during maintenance in the dewatered stretch
on the people & wildlife
The release of water from settling basin flushing will sometimes hamper the local people
& livestock rearing downstream. The dewatered zone section is about 5654 m, the impact
could be more sever near to the proposed powerhouse.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent & long
term in duration
v. Issues arising due to penstock/penstock pipe crossing & project structures on
springs & water sources
The penstock pipe has been proposed along the gentle topography. Crossing of Kholsis
and difficult terrain in penstock location may be challenging. But there is no any crossing
along the proposed penstockpipe alignment of the project.
The impact is direct in nature; low in magnitude, site specific to local in extent & long
term in duration.
vi. Dislocation / disturbance to foot trails
Due to implementation the project, there will be movement of small vehicles carrying
construction materials and also the movement of labors to the construction sites. This may
damage the stability of local foot trails. In that case stability measure will be taken.
The impacts will be medium magnitude, site specific and short duration.
vii. Water Use Right
The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water
from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing
purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.
Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence at the time of
this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping of coordinates is not
anticipated with this project. River water is not used for any other proposes of water mill or
irrigation canal within the stretch. The impacts will be moderate in magnitude, local in extent
specific and long term in duration.
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viii. Issue of increase in tourism/ecotourism and its associated pressure on local
resources
After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before. The
professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big investors may visit
the area to see how the project is running. This may create pressures in the local area and local
resources. Local resource such as drinking water resources, road and forest may be
impacted due to SKKHPP. The impact is direct in nature, moderate in magnitude, local
in extent & short to long term in duration.
ix. Impacts to indigenous and vulnerable communities/groups of Project Area
During operational stage of project daily wages labor will be deployed for operational works.
The project area also dwells the indigenous group like Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki,
Bhote, Mawo which may be discriminated while hiring the workers. In general the employment
opportunity will be given to all groups and gender without biaseness. 20 permanent is allocated
for operational phase. So these group will be prioritized depending upon their level of skills.
The impact is of indirect in nature, low in magnitude, site specific in extent & long term in
duration.
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Table 5.6: Impact Matrix SN Issues Impacts Qualifier
Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
1. Physical and Chemical Environment
1.1 Construction Stage
i Impacts on land use The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that
belong to the KCA. Hence the land will be acquired on the temporary lease as far
as possible. For example, the land for the campsite, construction material stockpile
area, etc. will be taken on lease only. The land occupied by the project
infrastructures including access road would be acquired permanently.
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary
components. Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent
and 0.35 ha is temporary. In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha
from River flood plain under KCA) will be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from
cultivated private bari land. Temporary land will be restored on completion of
construction phase.
H (60) L (20) S (5) Significant
ii Impact on Topography The topographical changes will occur particularly in the headwork
site; headrace tunnel, settling basin, intake, surge shaft, penstock
pipe, powerhouse area, quarry sites, spoil/muck, and debris disposal
sites, etc. In addition, construction of internal project access road will
also have long-term effect on topography as excavation and other
earthworks area needed. Camp facilities during construction require
housing, office space and work areas. The landscape will change at
headwork, headrace tunnel, powerhouse, area for spoil/muck, debris
disposal sites and along the internal access road; ground elevation
may be raised by 5 m than the present level.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
iii Storage of construction
materials
The total required materials for SKKHEP during construction of civil structures
will be 1075 m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand, 2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 MT of
reinforcement steel. Storage of construction materials will be carried out at
Powerhouse and headwork area. A total of 0.1 ha land will be temporarily required
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
for the storage of construction materials at stockpiling sites of both Powerhouse
and headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari) area will be used as stockpiling
sites. Leakage of oil, grease, cements and other construction materials to the site
and adjoining area will have impact on the soil quality of storage sites, will pollute
nearby water sources; dust and odor pollution are also other potential impacts.
iv Landslide & soil erosion
due to excavations
works
Although the bedrock is strong and stable, inundation of the small area at the intake
would invite slope failure due to soil saturation and water fluctuation. Slope
overloading will take place when side-casted at downhill slope leading to slope
failures and mass wasting. Disruption of natural drainage pattern will cause
scouring, erosion and landslides. Construction works related slope cutting can also
trigger landslides. As the project area has high slope gradient, landslide can turn
into major source of silt during the Monsoon increasing suspended and bed load in
rivers, sedimentation of agriculture fields, and clogging drains and canals.
Identification of unstable land and proper protection measures can reduce the
impact considerably. In some sections of the access roads, old and recent scars of
land degradation (landslides in the Yamfudin) are visible indicating that the slope
is naturally unstable. Side casting of excavated material, steep slope cutting,
improper drainage management along and across the road etc will increase the risks
of slope failure many fold. The quarry site located in the flood plain requires only
surface stripping operations and does not involve land stability problems. The
surge shaft portal, penstock pipe location, and power house require excavation in
a rather steep section and involving weak bed rock and regolith materials may give
rise to the land stability related issues during construction of these structures.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
v Solid waste generated
from camps
Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic and
construction wastes. Improper handling and management of such wastes can result
in production of unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality, visual impacts
and public health hazards.
Domestic waste will be generated by the people who are directly and indirectly
involved in project construction. The amount of waste generated will depend upon
the number of people working in the project and, more importantly, the number of
people who temporarily migrate to the project area during construction, including
construction crews, members of their families, and people who supply construction
goods and services to the workers.
During the construction period, about 90 kg (assuming 300 gram for 600 people
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
daily) of domestic waste will be generated by the workforces (EIA study, 2019).
The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are
biodegradable and non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be a
significant problem. However, when the domestic waste is dumped in the streams,
degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in water. This
will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition, improperly disposed
domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and
provide breeding ground for flies, attract rodents and other scavengers, which may
raise public health concerns, for the construction workers as well as the local
people.
Waste generated by construction activities includes empty cement bags and
containers, unwanted materials, packaging materials and frames, plastics and other
structures. This kind of wastes though will be high in amount, will be reused and
recycled, and will have low impact on the environment.
vi Spoil/muck disposal Huge amount, about 49,343.87 m3, of spoil/muck needs to be disposed off in
appropriate location. The spoil may be improperly disposed off on cropland,
forestland and riverbank as these types of terrain are around the project site.
Improper handling and disposal of spoil will result destruction of productive land
and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in the river with an adverse impact on
aquatic life, and scars in the landscape. Contamination of water and surface soil,
sedimentation of water bodies, erosion of spoil and gully formation may occur,
especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff.
For safe and proper disposal of spoil thus created, project has allocated 0.05 ha of
land area. For intake and powerhouse, 100 yr flood is recommended, as design
flood and structural safety need to be checked for flood with 1000 yr return period.
The land acquired for the purpose of disposal site is temporary. In general, the
impact due to muck/debris disposal in this project will be of moderate level
considering the project of similar sizes.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
vii Leakage of oil, grease &
other chemicals
More than 15 diesel and petrol vehicles, including light and heavy, will be in
operation during the construction of the Project. Similarly, engine oil, gear oil,
brake oil, etc. would be needed frequently. The labor housing would require large
volume of kerosene for cooking purpose. The reliable power supply is required for
the employer's office, contractor's office, workshop, etc. for which operation of a
diesel power plant will be required.
H (60) S (10) S (5) Significant
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The project will store fuel, grease and other lubricants for 1 month in its storage.
The tentative quantity of the stored diesel will be about 2000 liters, about 50 liters
of lubricant oil and about 20 kg of grease per month. The possibility of leakage of
oil and grease and other liquid materials is high. These oil when spilled, spread
easily over ground producing human health and environmental impacts. The oil
spilled near the water surface will pollute the water surface and reduce the
dissolved oxygen content. The oil leakage will have detrimental impacts on the
aquatic life. The Kabeli Khola, downstream from headwork and near the
confluence, will be affected in such cases.
viii Change in river
morphology due to use
of quarry site
Two quarry sites and borrow pits have been proposed for SKKHEP. The diversion
of river flow together with the construction and associated activities may damage
or degrade the existing channels and springs. This disturbed condition may change
the river hydrology of the area.
The upstream of dam will be deposited with sediments as well as the sediment
released from the dam will erode riverbed changing the course the river. There will
be boulders, pebbles, and sand all over the bank and flood plain of dewatered zone.
Similarly haphazard extraction of materials or in excessive mining, will seriously
damage the local surroundings that will lead to slope instability, landscape
disturbance, landslide, erosion or box cutting of agriculture land, etc.
M (20) S (10) M (10) Insignificant
ix Impact on Natural
drainage due to water
conveyance medium
Water alignment has to pass through different features, slope areas, kholsi and
forestland. Crossing of kholsi and difficult terrains in some location is challenging.
Penstock pipe and headrace tunnel alignment has to pass through different gullies
and kholsi. The construction of water conveyance system will affect water drainage
system as this will disrupt surface flow which may further increase the instability
of slope and penstock alignment and other water passing system of different
lengths. There will be increase in gullies, soil erosion and land instability due to
blockage of natural drainage.
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
x Construction camp sites Three camp sites including contractor camp, labor camps and Engineering camps
have been proposed as construction support facilities during the construction
period. Among the campsites, one at headwork and one at powerhouse will be used
during the operation period also. Camp will be constructed on flat areas of the
forest at headwork and powerhouse. Camp and disposal sites have been considered
at the same place because of topography of the area, as it needs some filling
materials to make usable.
M (20) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
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Project will employ as many as local people to reduce the pressure of outsiders to
the area, also to minimize the impacts due to influx of construction workers. In
total, project will recruit 300 workers and maximum of them will stay in settle in
camp. Pollution to the nearby water source is most likely to occur due to the camp
establishment, land use change of the area and solid waste generation
xi Impact due to seismicity The project area falls in Nepal Seismic Zone 2, having a moderate potential seismic
risk. A design horizontal seismic coefficient for the recommended seismic co-
efficient for the Nepalese is 0.10. It is recommended that; at least during the
feasibility study stage an OBE value of 0.16 g be used for the Super Kabeli Khola
Hydropower Project. There is no exceptional seismic risk and no pending of water
to threaten downstream populations in the event of catastrophic failure of the 5 m
weir.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xii Impact on Dewatered
zone stretch
During the construction phase, impact on dewatered zone due to water diversion is
not relevant. Impact along the stretch due to contamination of water quality has
been discussed in different sections, viz Change in Water Quality, Release of toxic
and hazardous waste, spoil disposal, etc.
NA NA NA Insignificant
xiii Increased level of noise
and vibration
The construction activities will generate noise and vibration at the project site. The
main activities that will generate noise and vibration are blasting, use of batching
plants, movement of heavy equipment, activities such as drilling, blasting,
tunneling, vibrators, dozers, loaders, rollers, cranes, generators, and pumps. This
will disturb the present peaceful environment of the project area. Especially the
impact will be significant as the project area lies in forest areas of KCA. Noise
level above 65 dB is not desirable. The blasting noise level above 130 db can be
considered sufficiently high for human health. The construction activities of the
project may exceed this threshold of noise level, affecting human, wildlife and
livestock of the project area. As the project, construction site is near forest and far
from dense human settlement, wild animals will be affecting by noise pollution.
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
xiv Change in air quality During the construction period, activities such as transportation and handling of
construction materials, excavation, drilling, use of heavy equipment, and the use
of crushing and batching plants will generate significant amount of dust and
vehicular emissions (suspended particles, carbon monoxide, sulfured oxide,
hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air). The impacts on air quality
will, however, be of short-term in duration and mostly limited to the project site. It
will be most severe at the sites of crushing plant, concrete mixing sites, along the
L (10) R (60) S (5) Significant
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access roads, in the spoil disposal area and in areas where major construction
activities will occur, such as at the weir and the powerhouse site. The movement
of heavy vehicles in project site is likely to increase dust and vehicular emissions.
The topographical condition of the site is a narrow gorge, which will restrict, to a
certain extent, the dispersion of air pollutants.
Other potential impacts on air quality are unpleasant odor due to improper
management of sewerage and solid waste, indoor smoke pollution due to cooking
activities. Construction activities will attract large number of migrant labors and
people who supply goods and services to the labor force. When adequate measures
are not taken to handle the sewerage and solid waste generated by this new
population, there will be a possibility of increase in foul odor.
xv Change in water quality The water analysis report confirms that the water quality of the Kabeli River at
project area is in pristine condition. However, increasing trends of chemical
fertilizers and pesticide use in the catchment area is envisaged to pollute the river
water in future with increments in the nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations
besides pesticides. The major contributor of the sediment load in the catchment
erosion is associated with the high monsoon precipitation. The project construction
activities are likely to increase the turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids and
BOD of the Kabeli River.
Disturbance of the riverbed, construction of dams, and the weir, disposal of
unwanted materials on the riverbanks, etc. will increase the turbidity, with
suspended and dissolved solids in the stream/river. Quarry sites are proposed along
the Kabeli River, thus water body will bear the impact. This will have some adverse
impacts on the aquatic life. However, the impacts of increased turbidity and
pollution will be medium.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xvi Loss of top soil Loss of top soil is calculatrd to be 5200 m3 permanently and recovery chance is
almost impossible. There will be clearing and grubbing of vegetation from the
project area for construction related works like formation of new alignment,
borrow area, quarry sites, increase loss of top soil from these sites. Headwork area
and facilities, headrace alignment, surge shaft, penstock pipe and powerhouse area
will have greater impact due to loss of top soil. The loss of top soil will decrease
the fertility of the land, thus reducing agricultural production.
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
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Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
xvii Issues related to internal
access road and
construction power
The internal project road will use the public and government land with the
displacement of private land. Further, construction of permanent internal access
road requires 1.2 ha land. Similarly, the construction vehicles and project vehicles
will use the same road such that there can be the occurrence of regular traffic jam,
road accidents causing nuisance to villagers. The associated impacts due to road
construction are temporary like increase in turbidity of water, mixing of various
wastes, air pollution, visual pollution, debris into river water. These impacts are all
temporary and occur only during construction of road. These impacts will stop
occurring on completion of construction of road. But adequate compensation to the
local people and management of traffic can reduce the impact to great extent.
5 Diesel generator of 250 kVA and 1 generator of 100 kVA power will be used
as construction power. Construction and operation of construction power line is
considered as construction phase issue of the project. The diesel generator may
produce noises due to which local people may get disturbed and also the wildlifes
and birds may get affected.
M (20) S(10) S(5) Insignificant
xvii
i
Issue blasting and
bunker operation
Storage and handling of explosive is risky and needs high level attention and help
of securities. Blasting during excavation works may affect the stability of the
surrounding area and blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition
due to which the local people may be affected. Therefore, this is another serious
impact that will be anticipated during construction phase.
M(20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant
xix Change in drainage
pattern
The project activities may damage or degrade the existing springs and divert the
flow of channels. The disturbed flow together with the damage in spring channels
due to construction may alter the drainage pattern of the area.
Gneiss is the predominant rock within the area with traces of quartzite and schist
in the form of fine partition and good enough in terms of stability. The site
excavations performed do not fall on the faulty lines and discontinuities. As regard
to the disturbance to the watershed/catchment area, the project intake lying in
between steep cliff of rocks, the construction activities are isolated from the river
channel that receive its water inputs.
The tunnel and powerhouse cavern excavation will lower the local groundwater
table considerably. Such lowering is expected within a region of few meters from
the tunnel alignment and powerhouse. Similar, observations have been made in
other hydropower projects. The springs along the tunnel alignment will be affected
and ultimately the user communities will be affected due to drying of the ground
L (20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant
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water and natural springs. The construction activities, especially the construction
of tunnel and penstock, will disrupt the existing spring source and groundwater.
However, such activities will not involve high excavation and construction in
spring source.
xx Tunnel excavation
problems
As project has optimized construction of its water conveyance system via tunnel
requiring blasting and excavation work. Blasting and excavation activities will
have direct impact on the local slope stability condition. Tunnel construction works
resulting in the blasting, the excavation works and movement of dump trucks will
initiate spillage of the muck and spoil around the area including surface water in
the area. In case of ground water, as per the construction design, the tunneling
structure will not interface with the water level in the area.
The tunnel excavation will require control blasting that can cause small tremors,
dust pollution and instabilities inside the tunnel. When due attention is not given
during the tunnel construction, its excavation may cause collapsing of the tunnel
or subsidence of the land above the tunnel. However, the effect to ground water
will be low as the tunnel bed is located in bedrock-banded gneisses with partly
quartzite and fine partition of schist.
The areas for tunnel construction have not mismatched with the springs nearby.
The springs and the sources of water in the area are all located at the outskirts of
the tunneling sites. Thus, the problems of springs drying may not exist
L (20) S (10) S( 5) Insignificant
xxi Vibration from blasting
and operation of heavy
equipment, vehicles
around the
surroundingareas
The impacts related to blasting have been discussed in section xviii. Blasting
during excavation works vibrates the land surface which may have direct impact
on the local slope stability condition. During the construction period, many
vehicles will be used for transportation for construction materials to construction
site of the project. Likewise, heavy vehicles like loaded trucks, tripper, excavators
and others will also have to move frequently in and around the project area. The
movement of heavy vehicles may vibrate the surrounding area and may create
instability, slope failure and soil mass failure nearby the access road
M(20) L(20) M(10) Moderately
significant
xxii Issue of handling of
explosive material
Blasting during excavation works may affect in the stability of the surrounding
area and blasting may affect the surrounding air and noise condition due to which
the local people may be affected. Therefore, this is another serious impact that will
be anticipated during construction phase.
M(20) S (10) L (20) Moderately
significant
xxii Potential probability of
occurrence of
The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to
ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based
L(10) L(20) L(20) Moderately
significant
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Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
GLOFhazard
on field investigation and evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that
there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare
Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River Catchment. Most of the
lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not cause damage and
thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola
Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to
lower the water when an outburst will be of threatening level.
1.2 Operation Stage
i Changes in hydrology &
sedimentation
The upstream of diversion weir construction will drastically change the river’s
present morphology due to change in the river bed elevation. Within the diversion
section, between diversion weir and the tailrace, there will be considerable
reduction in the river discharge. The river will have only residual environmental
flow i.e. 10 % of monthly average flow (Table 4.7). The river flood plain will be
wider and chocked with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. There is potential of
colonization of the flood plain areas by hygroscopic vegetation. In the Monsoon
season, however, this stretch of the river will exhibit characteristics of river
morphology similar to that of the present. During construction there will be a
temporary increase in the sediment content of the river due to construction
activities. The transportation of loose spoils and muck deposits by runoff and
earthen materials eroded due to construction of access and internal project road
may also increase sediment load in the water.
The topography of the project area consists of moderate to steep relief with an
average hill slope of 65˚. Quaternary deposit consists of alluvial terrace and
colluvial deposit generated through old rock falls, landslides, hillslope scree and
river deposit. The deposit consists of angular to rounded boulder cobble and gravel
mixed with sand and silt which is also a potential source of the sediments. But the
bioengineering programs in the upstream of the project area and construction of
sedimentation basin can reduce the rate of sedimentation in the project area.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
ii Impact on Natural
drainages
The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contribute by the soil and rock in the
catchments area. The impact is residual in nature. Regular clearance of the settling
basin, gravel trap will be carried out during the operation phase. Thus, collected
sediment will be put safely. So due to this, the impact due to collected sediments
in the nearby natural drainage will be less.
Owing to the site and area conditions
M (20) M (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
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Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
iii Possibility of slope
failure at tunnel adit
portals
The excavation of the area during construction of the tunnel and tunnel portals of
the project may make the slope area weak and unstable. Further, the flow of water
during the operation phase may make the slope instable especially in the inlet and
outlet portal of tunnel. Due to which the slope failure, soil mass fall may occur.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
iv Noise and vibration in
powerhouse area
Due to the heavy machine running continuously while generating 12 MW of
power, the sound pollution is expected to be greater than 75 dBA, which will be
the major issue at powerhouse site.
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
v Change in water quality
due to reduced flow
The water quality of the river in the Monsoon season even in the dewatered zone
section (between diversion weir & tailrace) and below tailrace will be similar to
that of the present. There will be some changes in the water quality in the dry
months from October to June in the dewatered stretch of the river between
diversion weir and tailrace. Considerable volume of water will be added by the
tributaries, but the greater share of the water volume will be contributed by the
residual environmental flow of the Kabeli River from the diversion weir. The
dissolved oxygen level may slightly drop while the water temperature will slightly
increase than that of the present. Suspended sediment load in the river water will
however, significantly drop than that of the present.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
v Leakage of oil, grease &
other chemicals
During the operation period maintenance of mechanical equipment of powerhouse
needs chemicals, which may leak during the maintenance work. While sweeping,
such chemicals may get directly mixed with the water body unless preventive
measures are used.
When such oil/chemicals are spilled, they easily spread over ground and also
produce eye sore. The oil spill pollutes the water surface and the dissolved oxygen
content of the water body will be reduced. In such cases, the oil leakage ill have
detrimental impacts on the aquatic life. Impact due to leakage of oil, grease and
other chemicals however in Kabeli River during the operation period may not be
relevant, considering the leaked oil and the large volume of river water.
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
vi Change in microclimate
in the dewatered stretch
Slight change in the micro-climate of the dewatered section of the river between
diversion weir and tailrace is expected. In such section, the temperature might fall
by about 0.5⁰C in the winter season, whereas it may rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C in the hot
summer season (April – June). In the monsoon season (July- October), water
temperature will be similar to that of present. On the other hand vegetation growth
pattern along the stream alignment will be altered during the dry season, thus also
the micro-climate.
M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
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vii Impact of Seismicity The project area falls in second seismic risk zone of Nepal having a moderate
potential seismic risk. The seismic horizontal co-efficient for the Super Kabeli
Khola Hydropower Project is 0.15 g – 0.16 g. Due to excavation works and blasting
works during the construction of project components like tunnel and surge shaft,
the slope may get unstable. And as project area falls in second seismic risk zone,
if earthquake occurs, the unstable and weak slope area may collapse which may
take many lives and damage more property.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
viii Climate change hazard Climate change will cause increased variability of precipitation events and will
pose significant problems for hydroelectric generation. The increased variability
of precipitation will result in more severe and frequent floods and droughts,
seasonal offsets, or the altering timing and magnitude of precipitation for
traditional rainy and dry seasons and peak snowmelt.
M (20) R (60) L (20) Significant
ix Water Use and Right The field observation and interaction with local community revealed that locals do
not use the water from the Kabeli River at dewatered area for cremation, irrigation,
micro-hydro, water mill and other purposes have. Therefore, construction of the
project will have no impact in this section of the projecct.
No Impact is anticipated
x Potential probability of
occurrence of GLOF
hazard
The effect of a GLOF event on the Kabeli- project was assessed. According to
ICIMOD 2011, there is no risk of GLOF in the project site. The assessment based
on field investigation and evaluation of past record of GLOF events showed that
there are Timbu Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari, Chhahare
Pokhari Glacier lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River Catchment. Most of the
lakes which at present pose a GLOF risk are small and may not cause damage and
thus will not affect the physical infrastructures of the Super Kabeli Khola
Hydroelectric project, however special mitigation measures will be considered to
lower the water when an outburst will be of threatening level.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
2. Biological Environment
2.1 Construction Stage
i Loss of Forest and
Vegetation
The implementation of the project will require 2.33 ha of land from KCA
(Permanent: 2.13 ha and temporary 0.2 ha) which is under the management of
Conservation Area Management Committee of KCA. Of the total required
permanent land from government land, i.e 2.13 ha, 1.83 ha will be acquired from
KCA Forest and 0.3 ha river flood plain under KCA.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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Of the total required temporary land from government land, i.e 0.2 ha land will be
acquired from river flood plain under KCA.
A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250
seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost from the
government land during the construction period. The regeneration status of forest
in the project area is good. Trees will be cut down in project main component and
along the project support facilities such as access road from Headworks, Water
Conveyance, Camp site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and crusher plant, etc.
Implementation of the SKKHPP requires cutting down of about 26 different
species of trees and many species of medicinal and non-timber forest products. The
highest loss is of Alnus nepalensis i.e 161 number. The project activities may
disturb the in-situ habitat of plant species along the project alignment.
ii Loss of NTFPs and
Medicinal Plants
Among the enumerated NTFPs and medicinal plants, 15 species will be removed
from their in-situ habitat. Duuring the construction of project, 3 species of plant
having medicinal value, and having local significance and even having economic
importance will get affected due to site clearance during the erection of project
structures
M (20) L(20) S(5) Insignificant
iii Wildlife habitat
disturbance
Construction of project components will have an impact on the habitat connectivity
of wildlife species. Clearance of forest area of the national forest will have impact
on the habitat of wildlife due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding habitat and
movement of short range wildlife species will be impacted. In addition, the
operation of access road during the construction period will also disturb the
wildlifes specially birds. The wildlife is noise sensitive. The increased mobility of
people and construction vehicles will drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the
construction sites. Increased noise level not only drives away the terrestrial wildlife
but also adversely affects their breeding behaviour.
Accidental spill of oils, lubricants and hazardous waste and direct disposal of
diverse types of construction wastes, camp wastes and construction spoils into the
water body of the Kabeli Khola will severely affect the aquatic lives (flora and
fauna) with limited range of tolerance.
The haphazard disposal of camp wastes and toxic wastes from construction is also
envisaged to have an impact on the night scavenging wildlife of the area. Food
poisoning due to mixing of toxic materials could be even fatal to the nocturnal
M (20) L(20) S(5) Insignificant
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wildlife.
iv Illegal collection of
forest products by the
workforce/Increase
Demand of Firewood
and Timber
During the construction phase, construction related workforce may involve for the
illegal collection of forest products. With the access road opening near to the forest
at and start of the project construction, it is highly likely that the forest resources
of headworks area the chances of commercial exploitation of forest product in
illegal way could be envisaged.
M (20) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
vi Loss of Rare and
Endangered/Endemic
Wildlife Species
The project may not directly affect wildlife species of conservation significance of
the KCA as forest habitat will not be lost. However, the KCA is home to a number
of endangered species such as snow leopard (Uncia uncia), red panda (Ailurus
fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) and musk deer (Moschus
chrysogaster). Among the 10 identified wildlife species of conservation category
in the project region, none of the species was found to use the forest area to be
affected by the project as breeding habitat. However, this forest area may lie within
the habitat range of some wildlife. The loss of the feeding ground will have some
impact on the wildlife.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
vii Illegal Hunting and
Poaching Activities and
Illegal Trade
Forest within project area will be monitored by the KCA staff and local KCA
management committee, KCA council. With better access road, the interest to
wildlife product mainly, meat of Kalij and Ratuwa may increase and it will induce
poaching and trade of such wildlife. Likewise, demand of forest products such as
firewood, timber, NTFPs and some medicinal plant species is envisaged to increase
during the construction period due to rise in the number of workforce.
Therefore, there will be impact on wildlife population and vegetation. Some part
of KCA area along the right and left banks of Kabeli Khola, especially around
powerhouse area and quarry site, is envisaged to be impacted more than the other
area. Increased flow of people during construction period may pressure the existing
KCA staff, KCA council and local security personals at Sirijangha Rural
Municipality to carry out more and effective monitoring in the KCA. When the
monitoring for safeguarding the wildlife and biodiversity of the KCA will not be
effective and at the desired level, illegal wildlife poaching activities, their trade,
illegal collection of medicinal plants and NTFPs will increase. Such uncontrolled
activities of the people will have very significant impact on the wildlife of the
KCA.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
viii Disturbance to Aquatic
Flora/Fauna
During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction
period about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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section will be impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be
increased. Thus downstream flora and fauna will also be impacted.
ix Impact of Forest Fire During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental
lighting to the forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light
the fire to the adjoining forest basically during summer season.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
x Forest encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the
course of construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of
trees may happen. Due to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest
encroachment by local people and workers may increase in the project area in
unnecessary forest lands.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xi Temporary Diversion of
Water
The construction works at the river bed at the headwork is limited to water
diversion while erecting the dam foundation. This activity will be of limited to
about 1 month or so in the dry season. About 5654 m the river stretch will be
affected by the water diversion and the section may be dewatered.
Aquatic life like fishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of such section will be
affected. Increase in water turbidity during construction period will also affect the
river stretch in the downstream areas affecting the aquatic life
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xii Increased Fishing
Activities
Workers may be fascinated to fishing activities during off time. Mainly the labour
force may be involve in fishing activities. Application of harmful techniques like
use of explosives, chemicals and electric shocks by the labours may lead to
overexploitation of existing fish species in the river.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xiii Disturbance to Aquatic
Flora/Fauna
During the diversion of water from headwork drying the first phase of construction
period about 300 m section will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and fauna in this
section will be impacted. During this stage the turbidity level of water will be
increased. Thus downstream flora and fauna will also be impacted.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xiv Impact of Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate,
and settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed
hardwood forest and presence of shrub land and ground vegetation is significant in
the area. There is fire hazard risk but it depends upon the activities and their
working area.
During the construction period, uncontrolled activities of labor force, accidental
lighting to the forest and grassland area at and around the project area could light
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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the fire to the adjoining forest basically during summer season. Both bank of
Kabeli Khola consist dense forest hence will have significant impact.
xv Forest encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the vegetation will be done. In the
course of construction of project components, unnecessary and illegal cutting of
trees may happen. Due to easy access in the forest, the possibility of forest
encroachment by local people and workers may increase in the project area in
unnecessary forest lands. The highly valued standing forest resources such as
timber, firewood, litter, fodder may be unnecessarily harvested. Haphazard
clearance and overexploitation of NTFPs will make the cleared resources valueless
to the users and owners.
M (60) L (20) S (5) Significant
2.2 Operation Stage
i Disturbance to Fish
Migration
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius
sacra), Katle (Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) are short range migratory fish
species.
The construction of the diversion weir in the Kabeli Khola may affect movement
of fish species, especially of migratory fish. In addition, fish and aquatic life
migration is influenced by sediment, water temperature, stream flow, dissolved
oxygen and other direct and indirect factors which influence swimming capabilities
of the fish. Since the water will be diverted, the dewatered section of Kabeli Khola
will have less population of fishes. These species occupy a range of distribution in
both upstream and downstream areas and will be isolated by the construction of
weir. The fish populations in upper section may become isolated from those of
downstream. These species occupies a medium range of distribution and can even
survive in the limited available habitat.
M (60) L (20) S (5) Significant
ii Aquatic Flora and Fauna Removal of river boulder for quarry, diversion of the river, reduced flow along the
river stretch will have adverse impact on fish and aquatic life during operation
phase.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
iii Disturbance to wildlife
habitat
The increased mobility of people and operational workforce will drive away the
terrestrial wildlife from the vicinity of project sites. The terrestrial wildlife is very
noise sensitive. Thus increased noise level not only drives them away from the area
but also adversely affect their breeding behavior. The increased noise level in
general and high pitch noise may drive the terrestrial wildlife away from the project
sites to a considerable distance.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
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iv Disturbance to wildlife
movement
The project infrastructures erected on the surface such as weir, settling basin,
headrace tunnel, and powerhouse and project support facilities will act as barrier
or disturb the movement of wildlife in and around the project area. The electric
light arrangement will also be high in powerhouse and intake area, which will
disturb movement of wildlife in surrounding areas. However, the approach for
movement of wildlife is sufficiently available in this area as the project lies in
forest areas and there is no settlement nearby
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
v Easy access to forest due
to internal access road
The project will construct about 6 km internal access road that will reach adits,
surge shaft, construction yards and camps. Access road will provide an easy access
to forest patch. The area being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation
of KCA will prohibit such activities. With the opening of access road and
commencement of the project operation, it is highly likely that the forest resources
of the area will be exploited illegally, despite the presence of KCA.
L (10) R (60) L (20) Significant
vi Release of water to
downstream during
maintenance
The project may have impact with regard to movement and safety of wildlife due
to release of water in downstream area of intake during operation. Particularly the
low flow area downstream of intake site will have this kind of impact. Due to
diversion of water the discharge of stream between intake and powerhouse will be
change. There will be flow variation downstream of the powerhouse due to release
of water after power generation. The impact is occasional and accident to wildlife
is by chance or accidental.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
Significant
vii Reduction of Water
Flow in the dewatered
Zone
Reduction of water flow along 5654 m stretch of the Kabeli Khola will have
cumulative impact on aquatic life such as along the lower section of stream, impact
on phytoplankton, zooplankton and aquatic insects.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
Significant
viii Impact on KCA flora
and fauna
The operational activity at headwork site has greater possibility of disturbances to
flora and fauna of nearby forests rather than in the powerhouse area. During the
operation phase, operation related workforce and their dependent could involve in
illegal collection of firewood, NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity would trigger
the status of adjoining flora and fauna badly. This will further challenge the
management of KCA.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
Significant
ix Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base line information are vegetation, climate,
and settlement pattern including house types. The vegetation is mainly mixed
hardwood forest and presence of shrub and ground vegetation is significant in the
area. There is risk of fire hazard, but it depends upon the activities and their
working area.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
Significant
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x Disturbance to
migratory birds
The birds, diurnal or nocturnal, take flights in search of food and other breeding
purposes i.e. bird movements are common for feeding and recreational habit. The
forested areas are the prime habitats of the birds. As the project area lies in the
route of many migratory birds, the clearance of the trees in this area will disturb in
the habitat, nesting, forage, their behavior and migration. The loss of the habitat
will compel the birds and animals to move to other grounds which are less suitable
for them. Habitat disturbance will significantly affect the diversity, richness,
abundance and species composition of avifauna in disturbed habitats (disturbed
forest and agriculture). Such habitats will be severely affected due to dumping,
blasting and road construction as many avifauna are very sensitive to noise
exposure.
M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately
Significant
Electrocution Electrocutions are most directly related to switchyard, power transmission and
distribution lines. As the switchyard will be well protected the chances of
electrocution to wildlife from direct contact with high-voltage electricity will be
low.
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
3. Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment
3.1 Construction Stage
i Acquisition of land, &
other private property
The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent
purpose and 0.15 ha private cultivated land for temporary purposes. About 6
km long internal access road will be constructed to reach, surge shaft,
construction yards and camps. 25 HHs were affected due to land acquired and
leased in Sirijangha Rural Municipality, wards 6, 7 and 8 in Taplejung district.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
ii Issues related to
livelihood of affected
settlements
The construction of SKKHPP will affect the households of 25 families due to
permanent & temporary land acquisition and other are also affected due to their
nearest settlement within the project area. The livelihood of these affected
families will change by the project. These families will cope with the positive
as well as negative impacts due to construction of the project. The acquisition
and leasing of private land required had already been done with minimal
impact on ethnic groups such as Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,
Mawo etc.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
iii Loss of standing crops Permanent loss of land is directly related to the agricultural production or means
of livelihood in the rural economy. The major cash crops such as Alaichi and
Vegetables are affected due to construction of the project. Due to the
M (20) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
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implementation of the project, 2.19 MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28 MT of
maize and 1.50 MT of Millet, 0.59 MT of Barley, 1.48 MT of beans and 3.55 MT
of potato will be lost. Furthermore, 220 Pole of Bamboo, 1600 kg of Vegetable,
2.5 MT of Cardamon, 1500 pole of Nigalo will be lost. And 2200 bhari of grass
and 1250 bhari of tree fodder will be lost.
However no monetary evaluation of medicinal plants has been carried out. No
commercial farming of NTFPs and medicinal plant plot will be affected because
of the project. Further details is given in Annex X.
iv Occupational health &
safety hazard
Construction workforce, especially the laborers are susceptible to injuries and
diseases. Workforce involved in new slope cutting will be exposed to typical
health hazards. Laborers involved in structural works will also encounter risks.
Personnel involved in handling of fuel, lubricants and hazardous material have
risks of facing health hazards. Working in dust, tree felling, spoil tipping and
quarry/crushers will also pose serious risk to the laborers. Poor drinking water,
lack of hygienic environment in labor-camps, unmanaged work-camps and
haphazard stockpiling are the major areas that will increase the chances of the
workforce being exposed to health risks. Potential impacts to health are
respiratory diseases, eye infections, dysentery, diarrhea and cholera.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
v Increase in pressure on
local health &
sanitation facilities
The additional workforces and their family from outsides to the local area will
increase the pressure on local health & sanitation facilities. Health condition of
the local people is good. Nonetheless, few cases of STDs were reported and
AIDS was not reported from the project affected area. The impact is envisaged
to the public taps, sanitation facilities, and local market. There is health post in
the project area but emergency health services required for the workforce is
not available in the vicinity.
Skilled and unskilled labor force will be hired from project affected area as far
as possible. The project affected area Gowatar, Ilagaun, Iladada, Sapretar,
Sukepani, Tarton, Selep, Kisongama, Taplejung bazar etc. And remaining
required skilled and semi-skilled human resource may be hired from outside to
the project site. So, the outsider impact is minimum.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
vi Pressure on community
infrastructures &
resources
During construction phase, SKKHPP will have major impacts community
infrastructures and resources. In road network, we expect a flow of about 70
vehicles /day during the period of construction period frequently. The
movement of people along foot trails from to proposed access road will not be
disturbed by the implementation of the project. Rather the project will enhance
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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the mobility of the local people by constructing the new access road near to the
same alignment. Other resource such as drinking water resources will not have
any impact due to construction of SKKHPP information because of the sources
of drinking water quiet far from the project components. But, additional
sources and pipe line if not installed for the labor force the community taps
will not bear the pressure.
vii Impact due to conflict
of interest
The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural
background may create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law
and order situation in the project area. The anti-social activities such as
alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking, prostitution and hooliganism may
provoke social disturbances.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
viii Impact on social,
cultural & religious
practices
There are communites of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo
etc living nearby the project area. Dwelling of the diversed community make
the project area sensitive and important from cultural and religious point of
view. If additional workforces from different caste following different culture
and religious came there might be some problem with in this society, especially
on cultural and religious practices of these communities. But since the
settlement is very far from the project area and the camping sites will be
constructed in the construction sites, there is very less chance to meet the
outside laborers and local people. So the impact on social, cultural & religious
practices of the locals is very less.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
ix Issues on law and order The influx of outside construction workers with different social and cultural
background will create tension and conflicts causing impact on existing law
and order situation in the project area. The anti-social activities such as
alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and hooliganism may provoke social
disturbances. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu
Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,
Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,
Yamphudin are most likely to be affected.
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
x Issues related to gender
& disadvantage groups
During project construction daily wages labor will be deployed for excavation,
transportation of construction materials and other construction related works.
The contractor especially the subcontractors may discriminate the women and
disadvantage groups (Dalit and Janajati) while hiring the workers. In general
the employment opportunity will be more to men in comparison to women in
development projects implemented so far in Nepal and this trend will continue
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
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in this project also.
The impact of the project construction is also expected on the poor and
disadvantage people who might be directly not affected by the project but
affected in other ways such as price hike, shortage of consumable goods, social
inferiority and less opportunity of project related benefits.
xi Impacts due to
construction activities
Due to project implementation, major portion of headwork and water
conveyance alignment minimum impact will be arise during construction
phase. During the construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities
settlement area will bear disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy
vehicle movement, etc. Noise pollution will be major concern during
construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not desirable. Since,
settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts is negligible to
the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlife are anticipated.
Similarly, noise and dust emission due to movement of vehicles and
construction activities will affect these both settlements.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
Xii Issues of blasting and
other construction
activities
Due to project implementation, major portion of headworks and water
conveyance alignment minimum impact will be raised during construction
phase. During the construction of powerhouse and powerhouse facilities
settlement area of Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu
Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum,
Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,
Yamphudin will bear disturbance due to noise, dust pollution, crowd, heavy
vehicle movement, etc. Though noise pollution will be major concern during
construction phase. Noise level above 65 dB (A) is not desirable. The blasting
activities during construction of would likely to exceed this threshold of noise
level. But, since settlement area are far from project area, anticipated impacts
is negligible to the settlements. However, same impacts to the local wildlifes
are anticipated.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xii Issues of foot trails
along due to project
components
Existing foot trails near the project area of the SKKHPP will be affected due
to the project. The foot trails will be used for the transportation of the
construction materials and labors to reach proposed site of project components.
The stability of the foot trails may be degraded due to this
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
xiii Issues on houses and
settlements along water
conveyance alignment
There are less settlements within Proposed SKKHPP, so no major impacts on
house and settlement
L (10) S (10) S (5) Insignificant
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Xiv Imapcts related to
tourism activity
After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before.
The professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big
investors may visit the area to see how the project is being constructed. This
may create pressures in the local area and local resources. Local resource such
as drinking water resources, road and forest may be impacted due to SKKHPP.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
Xv Water Use Rights The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that
the water from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting,
professional fishing purposes or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of
intake and tailrace of SKKHPP.
Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence
at the time of this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping
of coordinates is not anticipated with this project. River water is not used for
any other proposes of water mill or irrigation canal within the stretch.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
Xii Impact of solid waste Two types of solid wastes will be generated by the project. They are domestic
and construction wastes. Improper handling and management of these wastes
can result in production of unpleasant odours, deterioration of water quality,
visual impacts and public health hazards. Domestic waste will be generated by
the people who are directly and indirectly involved in project construction. The
amount of waste generated will depend upon the number of people working in
the project and, more importantly, the number of people who temporarily
migrate to the project area during construction, including construction crews,
members of their families, and people who supply goods and services to the
workers.
The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. They are
biodegradable and non-hazardous, and can be easily managed and will not be
a significant problem. However, if the domestic waste is dumped in the
streams, degradation of the waste will cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in
water. This will adversely affect aquatic life in the streams. In addition,
improperly disposed domestic waste will spoil the natural beauty of the area,
cause foul smell, and attract flies, rodents and other scavengers which could
produce public health concerns, for the construction workers as well as the
local people.
L (10) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
xiii. Land Encroachment During the project construction, clearance of the land will be done. In the
course of construction of project components the possibility of forest
encroachment, encroachment of barren land and river flood plain may occur.
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
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SN Issues Impacts Qualifier
Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
The highly valued standing forest resources such as timber, firewood, litter,
fodder, NTFPs may be unnecessarily harvested.
3.2 Operational Stage
i Decrease or withdrawal
in economic activities
The project induced economic activities during the construction phase will
come to an end after the construction of the project. Significant numbers of
workers about 300 workforces will lose the project job and only few about staff
will remain during the operation phase. The withdrawal of economic activities
will drastically reduce the demand for local agricultural, dairy and meat
products resulting reduced income of the local communities of the area. This
boom and bust effects of the project may also have some impact on the lifestyle
of the local people in terms of their income and expenditure patterns.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
ii Occupational, health &
safety hazards
Occupational Health and Safety aspect is one of the likely impacts to be
experienced during the operation and maintenance period of the project.
Access to electricity may also bring some hazard associated to electric shock.
Similarly, lack of training on operation and maintenance skill and
unavailability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may also cause risks for
human live.
L (10) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
iii Reduction of
agricultural land
There will be reduction of 8.15 ha agricultural land permanently M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
iv Release of water
downstream during
maintenance in the
dewatered stretch on
the people & wildlife
The release of water from settling basin flushing will sometimes hamper the
local people & livestock rearing downstream. The dewatered zone section is
about 5654 m, the impact could be more sever near to the proposed powerhouse
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
v Issues arising due to
Penstock pipe crossing
& project structures on
springs & water
sources
The penstock pipe has been proposed along the gentle topography. Crossing of
Kholsis and difficult terrain in penstock location may be challenging. But there
is no any crossing along the proposed penstockpipe alignment of the project.
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
vi Dislocation /
disturbance to foot
trails
Due to implementation the project, there will be movement of the heavy
vehicles carrying construction materials and also the movement of labors to the
construction sites. This may damage the local foot trails. In that case stability
measure will be taken.
M (20) S (10) L (20) Moderately
significant
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SN Issues Impacts Qualifier
Magnitude Extent Duration Significance
vii Water Use Right The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that
the water from Kabeli Khola has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting,
professional fishing purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of
SKKHPP.
Thus, the Impacts of water rights while operating this project is non-existence
at the time of this study. Water use conflict, back water conflict or overlapping
of coordinates is not anticipated with this project. River water is not used for
any other proposes of water mill or irrigation canal within the stretch.
M (20) L (20) L (20) Moderately
significant
viii Issue of increase in
tourism/ecotourism
and its associated
pressure on local
resources
After the operation of the project, tourism will be more promoted than before.
The professional peoples, students from different colleges and even other big
investors may visit the area to see how the project is running. This may create
pressures in the local area and local resources. Local resource such as drinking
water resources, road and forest may be impacted due to SKKHPP
M (20) L (20) S (5) Insignificant
ix. Impacts to indigenous
and vulnerable
communities/groups of
Project Area
During operational stage of project daily wages labor will be deployed for
operational works. The project area also dwells the indigenous group like
Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo which may be
discriminated while hiring the workers. In general the employment opportunity
will be given to all groups and gender without biaseness. 20 permanent is
allocated for operational phase. So these group will be prioritized depending
upon their level of skills.
L (10) S (10) L (20) Insignificant
Note: Scoring is done based on following;
Nature of Impact: D = Direct; IN = Indirect;
Magnitude, H = High (60); M = Medium/Moderate (20); and L = Low (10) , Extent, R = Regional (60), L = Local (20); and S = Site-specific (10)
Duration, L = Long-term (20), M = Medium-term (10); and S = Short-term (5)
Significance of Impact: Total Score: More than 75: Significant; 50-75: Moderately Significant; Less than 50: Insignificant. The points/scoring are taken from the National EIA
Guidelines, 1993
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CHAPTER: VI 6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
In general the alternative analysis of a project is carried out to assess the technically feasibility,
economically viability and environmentally acceptability. The technical feasibility of the
project depends upon the water availability, topographical and the geological condition of the
project area whereas the economic viability depends on the project cost and benefit analysis
and the environmental acceptability is the magnitude of the project impact on the physical,
biological, social and cultural environment of the project area.
Consideration of alternatives is regarded as the "heart” of environmental impact reports.
Therefore, consideration of alternatives in environmental assessment process compares "No
Action” option with the implementation of the proposed action option. 'No Action’ option
represents the scenario of the existing condition, which means the condition without any
intervention, whereas 'With Action' means the condition with some intervention in terms of
implementation of the proposed action. Therefore, analysis for no action scenario has been
dealt to signal out the importance of the proposed hydroelectric project development in the
local and national context.
6.1 Implementation of SKKHP vs Thermal Power versus Wind Power versus Solar
Power versus Atomic Power
As elaborated in the opening remarks, the various alternatives of electric power generation are
available and are being utilized all over the world depending upon the natural resource base of
the country in question. In the context of Nepal, the viability of alternative is related with
various aspects such as its resource base, technology at hand, capacity to handle tail end
pollution, and above all the economics and financial capacity. Among the above parameters
for energy project selection, the most important are resource availability in country and the
environmental effects of the selected projects, which ultimately determines economic, financial
and sustainable capability of the project.
Hydropower does not involve fossil fuel burning and hence mitigates global warming. From
the environmental point of view, water based energy generation may be the best feasible
options since it produces a very minor amount of air, water and soil pollution as compared to
thermal power plants. To generate electric power, thermal power plants utilize raw materials
like coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, waste, etc. Nepal lacks the resources needed for thermal
power plants like coal, oil, natural gas, etc. and needs to be imported at high price. In this
situation, such resources will be very expensive for power production. Biomass and waste are
the other potential sources that could be used for the generation of electricity in Nepal.
However, the use of biomass for the electricity generation is restricted by declining forest status
and stringent forest acts & regulations. Though the municipal waste and industrial waste could
be the other available options used for power generation, the volume of waste generated in
Nepal is insufficient enough to generate the calorific value required for electricity production,
in turn, it induce a vicious circle to obtain more waste for electricity production. Apart from
these constraints, the combustion process of coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, waste, etc. of
thermal power plants releases emissions such as carbon dioxides, sulfur dioxides, nitrogen
oxides, and particulate emissions, besides thermal emission creating high consequence of
environmental degradation. Thermal power plants are undesirable in the context of global
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warming as well. Thus, the high cost of fuel & technology and environmental consequence
reject thermal power plant in Nepal.
Wind power plants are more beneficial than thermal power plants on environmental ground as
they do not use fuel, and do not emit air pollutants, greenhouse gases, or toxic wastes, and do
not consume water or other scarce resources. However, the wind power plant requires regular
natural wind speed to be operated as reliable power supply system. The fluctuation in wind
speed from almost stagnant to very high speed in Nepal could prevent installation of wind
power plant at large scale for sustainable supply to meet national demand.
Although solar energy is effective on a small scale, it is not possible for large-scale
development purposes. The solar plant also has a number of disadvantages though being non-
polluting energy source. The limitations of solar plant are requirement of large area for energy
collection, high project cost, feasible for small-scale application and unreliable source of
continuous energy supply. The solar energy is severely hampered in cloudy weather and rainy
days marking it as unreliable source of energy for uninterrupted supply. Solar battery used for
solar energy storage consists of hazardous substances that require proper disposal facilities. In
this backdrop, the solar energy is not considered as a suitable option to meet up the present
energy demand.
The atomic power requires high technology, sustainable atomic fuel supply, and has a risk of
radiation leakage to environment. Management of nuclear power plant including nuclear waste
management, control of thermal emissions requires very meticulous management system and
knowhow. Above all, in the context of Nepal it is not an economically and environmentally
viable option.
Nepal is blessed with abundant water resources. The characteristics of the drainage network
and the available gradient make hydropower project most economical. Being a mountainous
country with deeply entrenched rivers with high gradients, the run off the river project is very
suitable in Nepal. As run off the river projects does not inundate large land area to cause adverse
land use and other socio-economic effects, they are environmentally least damaging to the
environment. For the above reasons, to meet the required energy needs and for commercial
venture, hydropower projects are the best among other types of power alternative projects in
Nepal even if they have significant impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Another energy option like
biogas is popular in Terai and lower mid hills for producing energy required for household
cooking and lighting. However, biogas at any case cannot replace the commercial energy value
of hydropower projects.
6.2 Technologies, Implementation Procedure Schedule and Raw Material
Construction methodology will be based on intensive technologies of construction equipment
and maximum utilization of local resources to the extent possible. This is to ensure lowest
possible cost for project development and ensure quality in the works undertaken. Due priority
will be given for the recruitment of local people which will minimize the requirement of
temporary camp, reduce fuel wood and timber requirement, enhance local skill and economy
and develop better relationship between the project and local people. This will minimize the
impact on local topography, structural damages in nearby settlement and unnecessary
disturbances to local community. Locally available materials with simple engineering
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structures will be used for slope stability.
The estimated project construction period is 24 months from the date of commencement of the
work. The construction works are mainly of two types - surface construction works and
underground construction works. The surface construction works is to be carried out only in
dry season. But the underground structures such as headrace tunnel, penstock pipe can be
constructed throughout the year irrespective of weather and climatic conditions. All the outdoor
works including excavation and embankment works continue under daily precipitation less
than 5 mm and stopped under daily precipitation of more than 10 mm.
So far the construction materials, like cement and reinforcement would be purchased from
Pokhara. Steel plates, construction chemicals etc. would be imported. Petroleum product
supply will be done indirect contact with Nepal Oil Corporation or its dealer. Steel and
reinforcement will be imported from India. Pipes and Steel will be taken from the Nepalese
and Indian Market. Transformers, Generators and Acids as well as Lubricants will be imported
from the various parts of India.
The proposed site for quarry is selected based on the availability of required quality and
quantity of aggregate material. Since more than one site are proposed for quarry excavation
impact will be less.
6.3 Location Alternatives
The alternative options of different project components have been carried out considering the
following factors to select one best option with in the licensing coordinate of the project
technically feasible
• Economically viable
• Environmentally Sustainable
The proposed project layout generally consists of diversion weir, Intake, Approach tunnel,
Gravel Flush, settling basin, penstock pipe and powerhouse. Final alternative was selected
based on the project boundary, available information, investigation data and preliminary
economic evaluation by the team of experts.
The alternatives studies included selection of the type of various scheme, location of project
features, component alternative locations etc. Various alternatives schemes available within
the project area including that of the seasonal storage, peaking and simple run of river type of
scheme were analyzed. Likewise, best location of weir and intake, settling basin, tunnel
alignment powerhouse were selected from the available alternatives. Alternative analysis also
included the type and number of electromechanical equipment and units as well as power
evacuation alternatives.
Altogether three alternative options were studied. In all Alternative, Headrace pipe, Headrace
tunnel, surge shaft, penstock pipe, powerhouse and tailrace is proposed with all components in
left bank. But an Alternative I, is the most environmentally friendly and economic (Table 6.1).
The alternative layouts and design were done so as to optimize the Project keeping in view the
option yielding most promising financial parameters at minimum technical risk. Feasibility
level study has been performed for all the all options.
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Figure 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project
Source: Modified from Survey Department, 1994
Table 6.1: Alternative layouts of Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project Features Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III
Headrace
alignment
Headrace pipe and headrace
tunnel
Headrace tunnel Headrace tunnel
Penstock pipe 368 m long 320 m long 658 m long
River Crossing No river crossing No river crossing 1 river crossing near
headrace tunnel
Bank Left Left Right Bank
Anchor and blocks Requires more anchor
blocks and saddles
Requires more anchor
blocks and saddles
Requires less anchor
blocks and saddles
Vulnerability Non vulnerable from
landslide
Vulnerable from landslide Less Landslide Prone area
Stability Geologically stable option Geologically unstable Geologically unstable
option
Forest area 1.83 ha from KCA and 0.5
ha from RFP
2.45 ha from KCA and 1.5
ha from RFP
1.23 ha from KCA, 1.54
barren land and 1.2 ha
from RFP
Forest Area along
waterway
alignment
With less forest area than
Alternative II
Less forest area than
Alternative II
Less forest area than
Alternative I and II
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Features Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III
Trees to be cut Total of 500 numbers of
trees greater than 10 cm
DBH will be cleared.
Total of 788 numbers of
trees greater than 10 cm
DBH will be cleared.
Total of 356 numbers of
trees greater than 10 cm
DBH will be cleared.
Private land 8.3 ha 6.5 ha 12.5 ha
Cost 2338.58 million NPR 3253.25 million NPR 2951.3 million NPR
Environmental
Friendly
More environmental
friendly
Less environmental
friendly
Less environmental
friendly
Acceptability Accepted Rejected Rejected
Source: EIA Field study, 2019
Based on the comparative cost, constructional and operational ease, hydraulic performance,
risk factor, social and environmental aspects, the first alternative (Option-I) was found to be
the most promising option. The layout of the accepted route is attached in Annex II.
Based on the above criteria and advantages, alternative I is selected, as it required less forest
area and minimum environmental impacts.
6.4 No Action Alternative
The electricity supply to local people is likely to help to switch energy consumption trend and
pressure on local vegetation will be minimum. Socio-economic conditions of the local people
are likely to increase through employment opportunities and income generation activities.
Implementation of project will generate 69.24 GWh energy. Generation of such huge amount
of energy will contribute to the national development. Project contribute significantly for the
reduction of imported petroleum products, and further contribute to the reduction of greenhouse
gases.
6.5 Alternative Analysis of Suitability of Fish Movement
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra) Katle
(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish species. In order to maintain fish
movement Fish ladder has been designed considering type of fish, their characteristics, habits
and environmental behavior.
6.6 Operation Procedure
Operation of the project comprises of semiautomatic control system. A team of qualified staff
will run the project and adverse impact is anticipated to the local population or environment. It
would rather benefit the local community through increased employment opportunities,
communication facilities and supply for rural electricity. The project will be operated as per
requirement of INPS. An Environmentalist will be hired to implement the Environmental
Management Action Plan (EMAP) during the construction phase.
6.7 Acceptability of Risks during Project Implementation
The project layout planning has avoided the geologically vulnerable area for its various
structures and support facilities. The dam and powerhouse is designed with a maximum
allowable safety net to avoid the risk of dam and powerhouse structure failure. While designing
the dam, risk of failure and downstream affect has been given the highest priority. As the
project site lies in the potential seismic belt of Himalaya, the design has considered the seismic
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failure risk also into consideration in its design.
Coffer dam design is made on the basis of 20 years maximum flood in the dry season. The
headrace tunnel diameter, and construction strategy for example disposal of debris, have given
due consideration for risk minimization. Fencing provisions of vulnerable work sites are the
result of the various alternative analyses to minimize the risk to acceptable level during project
implementation and operation.
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CHAPTER: VII 7 MITIGATION MEASURES
The section identifies the mitigation measures to avoid, minimize, and compensate the adverse
environmental impacts with additional enhancement measures to maximize the benefits of the
positive impacts. The project proponent is committed to the implementation of all mitigation
and enhancement measures illustrated in this section at different phases of project
implementation and operation. The proponent understands that any additional measures
required to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse environmental effect unforeseen in
this section are also its responsibility.
7.1 Beneficial Impact Enhancement measures
Every project has its beneficial as well as adverse impacts on environment and society. The
selection of right mitigation measures may decrease its adverse impacts and the properly
planned management may augment and enhance the benefit improving the living condition of
whole society. This section of the report gives possible augmentation measures to enhance the
benefit.
7.1.1 Construction Stage
i. Employment opportunity to local people
The first priority will be given to the locals of project affected areas i.e. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake
Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada,
Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham,
Yamphudin who want to work in the project. The employment will increase the income level
of the people.
The Project will include a binding clause in the Contractor's agreement to give first priority to
the affected local population while hiring both skilled and unskilled labor forces and to give
daily wages or monthly wages equal to the district official rates. The project information will
be disseminated through pamphlets and other printed materials time to time. NRs 150,000 have
been allocated for the publication of pamphlets and printed materials.
ii. Increase in local skills in the relevant areas
The Project will launch training programs in specialized areas such as electro-mechanical
works of hydropower, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization, spoil handling
etc. First priority will be given for the project affected people and local people to the extent
they are interested to get involved in construction activities. The Project has planned to train
20 people in the hydropower construction related skills and the project has allocated NRs
550,000 for the construction skill training. Skill training related to the construction related
works of the project will be carried out as a part of Environmental Enhancement Program and
will be carried out before the start of the construction works.
iii. Enhance the economic opportunities (business, rental of houses & its impact on local
economy)
The Project will disseminate information regarding its demand of local goods, locally knitted
carpets and agricultural production. The Project will designate certain places, within the project
area, for the operation of tea stalls and grocery shops for selling only local products such as
vegetables, rice, pulses, eggs, milks, ghee, chicken, mutton etc. to the extent possible. The
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Project will encourage its staff and construction workers to purchase local products in order to
uplift the economic condition of local farmers. The project has allocated NRs. 400,000 for
enhancement of economic enhancement.
iv. Community development support in the project area
The Project will allocate certain fund for training of community’s local farmers and traders
in modern techniques of cash crop especially cardamom and chiraito and livestock productions
such as yak and sheep rearing and in small enterprise development activities suitable to fulfill
likely demands from the work force. The experts from concerned field will provide such
trainings. Local people from Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar,
Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike,
Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be encouraged to take this types of
training. Marginalized groups such as Dalits, women, Janajati, indigenous groups etc will be
encouraged to join the trainings. The training will be provided once in the beginning of
construction phase. The project has allocated NRs 400,000 for the income generating trainings.
Further, the project has also proposed various community development programs related to
health, road, education and other community support programs under CSP programs. The
project will provide both technical and financial supports for these communities’
developmental activities.
7.1.2 Operation Phase
i. Promote Employment Opportunity to Local People
During the operation and maintenance phase, for the smooth operation of the project
components such as equipment and powerhouse about 20 permanent posts will be required.
Local people will be recruited for administrative and technical works according to their
qualifications and skills. Employment emphasis to the local people will be given. These will
give permanent income source to some of the local people. The project has allocated NRs.
300,000 for enhancement of promoting employment.
ii. Distribution of royalty for local development
The project has ensured the distribution of royalty for local development. The project will
generate royalty as per the provision made in Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074.
According to act, out of the total royalty paid to government, the project will pay 50 % royalty
to central governance, 25 % to the concerned provincial governent (state) and 25 % to the
concerned local governance. The main concerned will be for the distribution and its share on
project affected areas such as Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar,
Thungrm, Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike,
Khamluri, Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin of Sirijungha Rural Municipality.
iii. Retaining of national expertise & transfer of technology
The skilled human resource of the construction phase can work to the other projects of similar
nature. This will increase the national expertise and the knowledge gained during the
construction phase will transfer to the other parts of the country or region also. Thus, in general
the technical skill and knowledge will help to the development of the country. The project has
allocated NRs. 200,000 for retaining national expertise and transfer of technology.
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iv. Improved health and sanitation
The establishment as well as standardization of health institution helps local people to improve
their health institution. Health and sanitation training to workers during construction phase,
occupational health related training to workforce will further increase the health and sanitation
status of local people and area. In addition, the project will provide training to the local persons
that will help them to maintain good sanitation and improved environment. The allocated fund
for this will be NRs.250,000 .
v. Local area development & mainstreaming to the national economic activities
Under the community support program, SKKHEP has come out with numerous environmental
enhancement measures that are described in Chapter 8. The Project’s CSP program will support
the social institutions of the areathat will enhance their linkage with the Provincial and Federal
Government. Further, the increased accessibility, increased tourism and other benefit from the
project will help the area to interlink with the national economic activities in a better way. The
project has allocated NRs. 200,000 for enhancement of economic enhancement for this
purpose.
vi. Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project
Taplejung district is already a recognized tourist destination because of Great Himalaya
Trekking route, Lumba Sumba Trek. The trek starts in Suketar; passes through Olangchung
Gola, the Kanchanjunga Conservation Area and Makalu Barun National Park before reaching
the Lumba Sumba. The increased accessibility will help the tourist to reach the place more
easily. So, the project can promote the tourism and attract youth in tourism activities. After the
establishment of SKKHEP, many numbers of students and visitors is envisaged to visit the area
annually. This will create the local people for the tourism related business opportunities. Thus
it will focus for establishment of more hotel and restaurant in this area & also encourage
students & visitors to visit in this area. The project has allocated NRs. 300,000 for tourism
oppurtunities.
vii. Awareness programs for the natural resource management
The project will conduct our natural resourse management awareness trainings in coordination
with KCA officials, twice a year for the first two years, targeting the project affected Sirijangha
Rural Municipality. Each awareness training will be according to the advice of the Community
Forest User Groups and KCA officials and will cover 10 KCA officials and 20 local people
working in the sub-committee of KCA from Sirijangha Rural Municipality. Local community
will select these 25 local people. The Project will hire the Natural resource Management expert
to conduct these awareness trainings.. The allocated fund for this will be NRS 500,000.
viii. Contribution to forest conservation
With the availability of electricity, consumption of firewood and timber is expected to decrease
as people will have better options of electricity. In addition, awareness programs and
community support programs will also motivate people to be less dependent on forest which
will ultimately help in forest conservation.
7.1.3 Summary of Required cost for the Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Measures
The summary of enhancement cost for construction and operation phase is presented in Table
7.1. During the construction phase the project will allocate NRs. 3,870,000 for the enhancement
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measures. Similarly, for the operation phase the project will allocate NRs. 3,250,000 for the
enhancement measures. The allocated cost is one time cost.
Table 7.1: Enhancement cost for construction & operation phase S.
N.
Enhancement Measures Cost
(NRs.)
Construction Stage
1 Increase in Employment opportunity for local people 150,000
2 Increase in local skills in the relevant areas 550,000
3 Enhance the economic opportunities (business, rental of houses & its impact on local
economy)
400,000
4 Community development support in the project area 400,000
Total Cost for construction stage 1,500,000
Operation Phase
1 Promote Employment Opportunity to Local People 300,000
2 Government Royalty to local people -
2 Retaining national expertise skills & transfer of technology 200,000
4 Improve health and sanitation 250,000
5 Local area development & mainstreaming to the national economic activities 200,000
6 Tourism opportunities due to increased accessibility and project 300,000
7 Increase awareness to KCA official and locals for the natural resource management in
accordance to advice of Community Forest User Groups and DFO
200,000
8 Contribution of forest conservation 300,000
Total Cost for operation stage 1,750,000
Total cost for construction & operation stage 3,250,000
7.2 Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts
The report has tried to identify adverse impacts to the extent possible and has proposed
mitigation measures to each of the identified adverse impact. In addition, if there are additional
impacts or damages due to the project activities during construction and operation, the project
will mitigate and/or compensate accordingly according to the present legislation of the country.
7.2.1 Physical and Chemical Environment
7.2.1.1 Construction Phase
i. Land Use Change
The physical location of the project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to
KCA and private land. Change in land use is the major significant impact of the project. The
2.33 ha land from KCA and 8.3 ha from private land will be converted to the builtup structure,
impact is residual and couldn’t be mitigated. The private land will be purchased from the land
owner and the KCA land will be acquired for the project in accordance with Standardized
Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076.
To minimize the impact, permanent land acquisition will be minimized to the extent
possible for the structures like, head works, powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge shaft,
tailrace, work camp site, project office and the access road.
Area required for remaining project activities and purpose such as contractor camp,
labor camp, stock pile area for the construction materials, borrow area etc. will be taken
on lease.
The leased land will be returned to the owner after the proper treatment/rehabilitation
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work.
Most of the proposed road alignment passes through less fertile land. All the spoil
coming from the slope cutting will be used in the landfill site.
ii. Changes in Topography
To minimize the topographic changes in the major project components like headwork,
waterway, and powerhouse, to the extent possible, minimum land will be used.
Landscaping of the debris and spoil/muck disposal sites will be carried out and land
will be rehabilitated. In addition, bio-engineering and plantation to these areas will be
carried out to stabilize them.
The change in topography due to erection of project component is residual in nature
and Project will try to minimize the impact as far as possible.
iii. Stockpiling of Construction Materials
For the mitigation of impacts associated with stockpiling of construction materials, following
mitigation measure will be followed.
Stockpiling sites will be properly fenced. Side drains will be constructed. Mixing of
chemicals to the water body and soil will be prohibited.
Terms and condition will be enlisted in contract agreement with the civil contractor to
minimize the impact. The leased land used for stockpiling will be restored into original
shape to the extent possible.
The project proponent will make necessary arrangement for the proper storage and
handling of construction material to avoid environmental nuisance. Proper storage site
will be managed for the construction materials near to the construction site making a
safe house.
For the storage of petrochemical the floor will be concrete and brims will be made to
avoid the overflow impact. Precaution and warning signs and firefighting equipment
will be placed at the storage areas. The private land to be used for the storage facilities
will be compensated and rehabilitated to its natural condition prior to return to the
respective land owners. The government land will be rehabilitated.
As far possible, the stockpiling of construction material will be carried out in treeless
area or in flood plain if possible.
After the completion of project, the land will be evacuated and changed to the previous
condition and will be returned.
The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the stockpiling activities and
stockpiling area has been incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the preparation
of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.
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iv. Potential landslide and soil erosion
The mitigation measures come together with the mitigation measures for the topography and
slope stability. Landslide may occur during the construction of different project structures
including access road, surge shaft. Such impact will be reduced by constructing gabion wall,
retaining wall and the most effective way using bio engineering of measures for unstable
slopes. Gabion walls, retaining structures, bio-engineering works are essential along the
internal access road and core project area such as headworks, settling basin, headrace tunnel,
and surge shaft and power house sites to stabilize geology of the area. Some river training
works is are also essential required in the river along sections along the powerhouse and,
headworks of Kabeli Khola. All possible and active landslide areas due to the project activities
will be identified and considered for treatment. The following measures will be followed:
Pegging and flagging will be done at the landslide area boundary.
Slope will be maintained less than the angle of repose to the extent possible, mostly
45%
Both vertical and horizontal drains will be provided.
No surface will be left exposed. Concreting will be done on steeper slopes.
Bioengineering will be prioritized as much as possible to the exposed slopes.
All vulnerable slopes that will create adverse impacts to the project structure will be
maintained by project itself.
The landslide vulnerable location such as pipe alignment will be trained by project as
far possible. Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection will be
highly emphasized.
v. Solid Waste Management from Construction Camps
Segregation of solid waste and recycling, reduce and reuse system of solid waste
management system will be strictly followed. Solid Waste Management Rules of GoN,
2070 B.S will be strictly followed.
The domestic waste will primarily consist of organic food waste. Because this is easily
biodegradable and non-hazardous, it is proposed to dispose by burying in pits at
distances of about 300 meter away from riverbanks and covering with soil. During the
preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made
mandatory.
Waste generated from construction activities that are usually inert material which are
non-biodegradable e.g. empty cement bags and containers, rejected material, plastic,
wooden planks, small structures etc will be stored out and kept separated instead of
throwing haphazardly. Some material (cement bag, plastic drum etc) will be sold in the
nearest market, while others (waste oil, lubricants and chemicals) will be reused or
recycled or disposed properly. During the preparation of contract bid for civil
construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.
Construction work forces induced liquid waste will be managed by use of soak pits and
septic tanks at safe distance from water bodies’ i.e more than 300 m. Open burning of
solid waste will be strictly prohibited.
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vi. Debris and Spoils/muck Disposal
The project will minimize cut and fill activities to the extent possible. It is estimated
that about 49,343.87 m3 surplus disposable bulk volume of debris and spoil mixed with
stone will be generated from the entire project including the internal project access road,
adits, Headwork area and powerhouse area. 0.05 ha land has been allocated for the safe
disposal of the generated debris.
The land acquired for the disposal will be temporary. In general, the impact due to
debris disposal in this project will be minimum considering the project of similar sizes.
The disposal sites are proposed in such a location that these sites are safe from
landslides, and other instabilities such as debris flow into the river or water bodies.
Furthermore, the total disposable volume will be low and this impact is not serious.
Prior to the disposal of debris, dry gabion wall will be erected on the stream side or
downhill and the thickness of disposed debris will not exceed 7 m.
Disposal of debris at other place than designated areas will be strictly prohibited. The
spoil will not be disposed in the river and the surface and slope of the disposal area will
have bioengineering treatment.
vii. Leakage of oil, grease & other chemicals
Following works will be carried out to minimize the impact due to toxic and hazardous waste:
Concrete structures will be constructed around the oil and grease holding structure.
Where oil water contamination is possible, water will be passed through an oil water
separator prior to being discharged to the river.
All spent grease and mobile and unused or date expired toxic chemicals will be
collected separately in plastic drums and stored in a safe place under the shade. The
contractor will be made responsible for this and will be bonded with the contractor
clause.
All empty containers of grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals will be punctured and
stored in a safe place under the shade. The contractor will be made responsible for this.
The unused chemicals, spent mobile, grease etc. will discharged only with the approval
of the project environmental officer approval and recommendation. The contractor will
be made responsible for this through contractual clauses.
The petroleum bunkers are placed in a separate area in a concrete bonded area with a
facility of oil and grease separator. The contractor will be made responsible for this.
The wastewater from the mechanical yards is collected in a separate area. The water is
treated for the oil and grease and then released to the water bodies. The contractor will
be made responsible for the required treatment arrangements.
viii. Change in River Morphology
All the activities within the riverbed will be planned properly during the construction
stage.
The contractor will be allowed to take out materials from the riverbed from the
excavation of the weir foundation.
Proper engineering design for sediment flushing will be done and downstream
protection by cut off wall and launching apron will be design for minimizing the
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adverse impact in the river morphology.
The riverbed will be excavated only in the necessary areas specified by the design
drawings.
Quarry sites will be used as specific location.
Maximum digging of quarry sites will not increase the 5 m depth.
Vulnerable sites created by project along the Kabeli Khola project stretch will be
maintained by project itself.
ix. Impact on Natural drainage due to water conveyance medium
Newly constructed internal access road will be regularly maintained.
Side drain will be constructed along the road to minimize the erosion, siltation and gully
formation. Bioengineering and engineering design such as erection of gabion wall and
retaining anchor blocks will be constructed.
The project will not create major impact on natural drainage, water body and springs
within the project area during construction phase. Furthermore, headrace tunnel will be
anchored well so that impact on natural drainage will be not anticipated.
Along the tunnel alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the
blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such
site will be further trained with bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from
such site will be controlled.
x. Construction of Camp Sites
Minimum land as possible will be used for the camp.
Camp sites will be made well facilitated with toilets (at least one each for 15 workforce),
drinking water facilities etc.
The toilets will be constructed at least 300 m far from the natural water body. Direct
discharge of sewage to the water body will be prohibited.
Solid waste generated from the camp site will be collected in a safe location; segregated
and degradable waste will be made compost and handed over to the local farmers. Non
degradable waste will be collected and recycled or reused. In case of non-recycling, the
waste will be kept in safe location and later managed as per the suggestion of
Environmentalist hired by the project.
Discipline of work force will be maintained. Unnecessary movement of workforce to
farm land, cropped area, and river or forest area will be prohibited.
The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the camp area will be
incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the preparation of contract bid for
civil construction work, the provision will be made mandatory.
xi. Impact due to Seismicity
No mitigation measures are proposed during construction phase for seismicity impact. Since
the planning phase, design phase and construction phase seismicity issue will be incorporated
in design of project and strength of project component will be maintained.
xii. Impact on Dewatered Zone
During the construction of headworks and operation of Quarry sites, to the extent
possible, minimum time will be used.
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Diversion work will be complete in short time as possible.
The turbidity impact to downstream will be minimized and the sediment collected will
not be thrown in river.
xiii. Noise Level and vibration
The construction area will be fenced.
Ear guards will be provided to the construction workers in the noise prone areas. An
estimated 300 pairs of ear guards would be required in the project.
Large noise producing engines such as air compressors will be fitted with noise
reducing mechanisms.
All vehicles in the construction area will be maintained regularly.
xiv. Air Quality
The following mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts on air quality:
Water spraying will be carried out in all the gravel and earthen roads two times in a day
in the dry season.
All vehicles belonging to the project i.e. consultants, owner, contractors, vendors will
comply National Emission Standards and regular maintenance of all vehicles will be
carried out after every 3000 km mileage.
Use of breathing mask and earplugs by the construction workers in the dust prone
areas such as crushing plant, batching plant, rock drilling areas etc. will be made
compulsory.
Preventive measures will be taken to minimize the emission of dust from the dust prone
area such as crushing plants, batching plants etc. by spraying water or maintaining
miniaturization in construction materials.
Road which are used by heavy vehicles will be maintained.
Enough nos. of tree will be planted near the campsite and office work as dust screens
or arrester. The average distance between the trees will be 5.0 m.
xv. Water Quality
Water supplies to all camps for human use will be disinfected through the process of filtration
and chlorination and will meet the WHO guidelines with respect to total dissolved solids,
sulfur, sodium, potash etc.
All effluent discharges will be treated before discharging into the river or other water
source. Waste liquid from the batching plant and vehicle wash will be diverted to a
settling basin for treatment prior to discharge to the natural stream/river.
All solid and liquid wastages e.g. toxic chemicals, grease, oils, acids and other
materials, generated in the project will be disposed off in the land fill site. The
contractor will identify the landfill site in the early stages of project implementation
During the contractor bid preparation, the construction contractor will be made
obligatory to develop a waste management plan in which use, storage and disposal of
toxic, solid and sanitary waste and materials will be included. Dikes sized to contain
the entire capacity of tanks with sufficient free board to prevent over flow will enclose
the storage sites. The storage area will be lined to reduce potential surface and ground
water pollution in the event of spill. The used oil and lubricants will be collected
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regularly into drums/barrels or tanks. The settling basin will be used to collect the slurry
for settling the heavy particles and other material, which can be recycled or incinerated.
Bathing, cloth washing, defecating and urinating in the river will be strictly prohibited
to project’s work force.
xvi. Top Soil Management
The importance of top soil for agriculture and forestry purpose cannot be
overstressed. Deposition of essential mineral such as Nitrogen, Potash and Phosphorus
in the alluvium consolidated by hundreds of years of geological process is a very
important natural resource and mustn’t be eroded away.
The top soil (estimated to be 5200 m3) from the excavated places especially from
temporary land will be collected in permanent cultivated land near intake site and near
powerhouse site & reused after the completion of project work.
The topsoil will be covered by plastic and stockpiled over a drained area. To reduce
siltation problem, the soil conservation activities will also be implemented as per
needed.
Similarly, to minimize the soil erosion, site clearance will be minimized. Gully controls,
Terrance formation in required areas and plantation of extensive vegetation of local
species are the preferred activities using local materials (i.e. stones, bamboos, ropes and
jute bags filled with sand).
In limited areas, gabion wires will be used for check dam construction purpose.
Replacement of top soil will be made at the site of land clearance, at the top of debris
disposal area and plantation will be done. Such sites will be then treated by
bioengineering and plantation.
xvii. Operation of Quarry Sites
After the quarrying of construction materials land will be rehabilitate at the natural
conditions. Compressor will be used to stabilize the non-compact earthen materials.
Gabion walls will be constructed to check the mass flow from the uphills of Quarry
sites. The quarried sites will be revalidated where possible. To minimize the impact of
quarrying activity following will be done:
Quarrying operations in the flood plain will be stripping operation rather than forming
a big borrow pit at one location.
The quarry operation will not be carried below the flowing water level of the river
Excavation of aggregates from the river wet channel will be prohibited.
River flood plain quarrying will be carried out only in the dry season i.e from November
through May only.
The water discharged from aggregate washing plant will be collected in settling
tanks/ponds at a suitable location for sedimentation and treatment. The water will then
be released to the nearest water bodies. The contractor will be made responsible for the
required treatment arrangements through contractual clauses.
Masonry wall will be constructed to minimize the aesthetic aspect from the main access
road.
Preferably, less than 45° slopes will be maintained at the quarry sites.
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Drained water will be discharged into the river habitat after treatment.
The debris and spoil from quarry sites will not be deposited into the river. It will be
dumped in the landfill areas.
Aggregates will be used crushing the rocks and rock fragments generated during
excavation.
xviii. Batching and Aggregate Crushing plants
The water discharged from batching and aggregate washing plant will be collected in
settling tanks/ponds at a suitable location for sedimentation and treatment.
Plant species like Narkat will be grown to sock such waste water. After the pure
distillation only the water will be released to the nearest water bodies. The contractor
will be made responsible for the required treatment arrangements through contractual
clauses.
The cost required for the mitigation of impacts generated from the batching and
aggregate plants area has been incorporated in the civil cost of the project. During the
preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the provision will be made
mandatory.
xix. Issues related to internal access road
During the survey, the most stable alignment was chosen to minimize issues due to
slope failure and landslides. Along the kholsis and probable unstable slopes, protection
measures like gabion wall, retaining structures, plantation of amriso and bamboo will
be done.
Proper water passing structure, culvert will be maintained along the kholsi crossing.
Sprinkling of water will be done during dry month from Mangsir to Jestha to minimize
dust emission.
Proper maintenance of vehicles will be carried out on regular basis. The generated
spoil, debris and waste during the construction of access road will be collected and
safely disposed on spoil disposal sites.
xx. Issue of Blasting and Bunker operation
Blasting for the construction of the tunnel will be done in day time only.
A separate Bunker House will be constructed and explosive handling will be carried
out with the help of Nepal Army.
Expert geologist will be consulted for the safety of tunnel and blasting operation along
tunnel alignment and surrounding areas.
xx. Change on drainage pattern
Newly constructed access road will be regularly maintained. Side drain will be
constructed along the road to minimize the erosion, siltation and gully formation.
Bioengineering and engineering design such as erection of gabion wall and retaining
anchor blocks will be constructed by the project.
The project will not create major impact on natural drainage, water body and springs
within the project area during construction phase.
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Along the tunnel alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the
blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such
site will be further trained with bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from
such site will be controlled.
xxi Tunnel excavation problems
During the construction stage it is expected that the noise level will be high due to the operation
of construction equipment, movements of construction vehicles, batching plants, etc. In order
to minimize such noise pollution, following measures have to be taken into consideration.
Inform the local people about the tunnel excavation activities.
Ear guards will be provided to the construction workers in the noise prone areas. An
estimated 600 pair of ear guards would be required in the project.
Blasting activities will be carried out at the day time only
Tunnel will be fitted with the noise soaking device.
xxii Vibration from operation of heavy equipment, vehicles around the surrounding areas
Following works will be carried out to minimize the impact due to vibration and operation of
heavy equipment operation:
The construction area will be fenced to the extent possible.
Ear guards will be provided to the construction workers in the noise prone areas. An
estimated 300 nos. of ear guards would be required in the project.
Large noise producing engines such as air compressors will be fitted with noise
reducing mechanisms.
All vehicles in the construction area will be maintained regularly.
Surface blasting activities will be carried out at the day time only
xxiii. Issue of handling of explosive material
One separate Bunker house will be constructed for the safe storage of explosives and detonators
needed for the project. Such site will be established at Powerhouse site and the required
materials will be supplied to the necessary sites.
Storage area will be protected and proper sign will be placed indicating explosion risk.
Handling of Explosives will be carried out in collaboration with Nepal Army.
Necessary legal procedure as per Explosive Act, 2018 B.S. will be carried out by
project.
Smoking should not be allowed during handling of explosive materials.
Proper personal protective equipment (such as safety glass, full face shield etc.,) should
use before handling explosive materials.
Cases of explosives will only be opened by means of brass or wooden wedges and
wooden mallets.
Separate dedicated vehicles will be used for the transportation of Explosive materials and will
only be done under the care of Nepal Army.
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xxiv. Potential probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard
The project region lies in high altitude and snow fall along the area is common. Weathering of
the rocks due to snow fall and snow melting is common in the area. Therefore, fracture of joints
and failures are anticipated. Surface structures of the project will be damaged due to rock fall,
toppling etc. Hazards to the people and wildlife are also anticipated. However, it takes a
significant time for the joint to be fractured. For the safety, surface structures has been
incorporated in project design and planning. Furthermore, moraine dam, retaining structures,
bioengineering techniques will be constructed to reduce impact caused Timbu Pokhari, Hadi
Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari and Chhahare Pokhari Glacier Lake Outburst is
threatening to project affected settlements. Following mitigation measures will be carried out
to mitigate impact caused by Glacier Lake Outburst Flood.
Evacuation plan for existing GLOF will be done.
Early warning systems will be established in affected nearby settlement areas.
No surface will be left exposed. Concreting will be done on steeper slopes.
Bioengineering will be prioritized as much as possible to the exposed slopes.
All vulnerable slopes that will create adverse impacts to the project structure will be
maintained by project itself.
Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection near Glacier Lake
will be highly emphasized.
7.2.1.2 Operation Stage
After construction, the project enters operation and maintenance stage and power is regularly
generated from the powerhouse. During this stage, the following impacts are likely to occur:
i. Change in Hydrology and Sedimentation
The impact is residual in nature and couldn’t be mitigated. To maintain and support to the
hydrology additional watershed management activities will be carried out.
The sedimentation on settling basin is mainly contributed by the soil and rock in the
catchments area.
Considering the risk associated with sediment flow, the watershed protection works of the
Kabeli Khola will be carried out. Even if the catchment conservation program will be
launched, the impact couldn’t be mitigated completely and the impact is residual in nature.
Regular clearance of the settling basin will be carried out during the operation phase and
the collected sediment will be managed safely.
Watershed management program will be carried out to minimize the sedimentation rate
during the rainy season. To minimize the impact on micro-climate mandatory release of
10% of monthly flow water from the weir axis will be made.
Conservation awareness programs like awareness of planation in barren land in watershed
area to conserve the micro watershed will be carried out so that the discharge from such
springs will be permanent and contribute to reduce the micro-climatic impact of Kabeli
Khola.
The project will release 10% of monthly flow which will be releases in dewatered zone.
However, the impact on river flow and morphology is a residual impact after the diversion
of the project and couldn’t be mitigated completely.
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ii. Impact on natural drainage, and springs due to tunnel crossing
Along the penstock pipe/penstock alignment, natural flow of water will not be blocked.
Along the blocked location drainage and safe handling of natural flow will be maintained.
Such site will be further trained with bioengineering and concrete retaining so that erosion
from such site will be controlled.
Natural flow of water will not be blocked. Along the blocked location drainage and safe
handling of natural flow will be maintained. Such site will be further trained with
bioengineering, concrete retaining so that erosion from such site is controlled.
iii. Possible Slope Failure and Damage to the Project Structure
Annual monitoring of slope stability will be carried out along the water way, headworks
and powerhouse area.
The vulnerable slopes which will have direct impact on the project operation will be
treated.
Bio-engineering works and concrete structures will be set up to stabilize the landslide
just upstream of the weir site for the landslide prone area.
iv. Sound Pollution at Powerhouse
The noise impact from the powerhouse during the operation of the project will be reduced by
installing sound proof and noise aquatics system in powerhouse.
v. Water Pollution
Water pollution during operation phase is envisaged due to continuous desander
flushing/trapped gravel. This is a residual impact, but the impact will be minimized by
constructing a ditch to collect the sand and aggregate before reaching to the stream.
Thus collected sediment will be the safely collected and transferred to the safe place.
vi. Leakage of Oil grease and other Chemicals
During the operation phase leakage of chemicals, oils, grease is most likely in
powerhouse area during the maintenance of powerhouse mechanical components.
Due to the chemicals leakage Kabeli Khola is most likely to be polluted.
To minimize the impact, during the maintenance period chemical socking materials
will be put at the ground and then later such used materials will be safely disposed or
buried.
vii. Possible Damage to Power Generation Turbines due to Sand Particles
Regular efficient flushing/trapping of sediments from settling basin will be carried out
periodically and regular maintenance of the equipment will be carried out to avoid the
serious damage to the plant.
viii. Change in microclimate in the dewatered stretch
Due to the diversion of water from intake of Kabeli River to powerhouse, the water
regime at the downstream of the weir will be changed.
The project will release 24 hours a day 10% of the mean monthly flow in the dry season
as regulated environmental flow in the downstream section of the dam to upkeep the
existing microclimate of the stretch to a minimum threshold of thriving.
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The project design will incorporate a system design to release the stipuated
environmental flow for all times of project operation from November through May.
vii. Seismicity
The planning phase, design phase and construction phase seismicity issue will be incorporated
in design of project and strength of project component will be maintained.
viii. Impact Due to Climate Change Hazard
Climate change hazard is grossly a dynamic phenomenon and unpredictable and the project
cannot reduce the effect of climate completely erratic rain and cloud burst landslide along the
catchment can occur. That will increase the sedimentation risk at headworks area. To minimize
the risk, regular monitoring of catchment will be carried out to control climate induced
sedimentation.
In addition, project will also perform compensatory plantation (details given in Biological
Mitigation Method, section 7.2.2.1-i). In addition, watershed management programs (Refer
Table 9.19), livelihood enhancement programs to the locals and trainings on modern
agricultural practice will be also a part of the mitigation against climate change hazards.
ix. Water Use and Right
Water from Kabeli River is not used for cremation sites, irrrigation, micro-hydro plant, water
mill and other purposes at dewatered area. Therefore, no mitigation measures have been
proposed.
x. Potential probability of occurrence of GLOF hazard
The project region lies in high altitude and snow fall along the area is common. Weathering of
the rocks due to snow fall and snow melting is common in the area. Therefore, fracture of joints
and failures are anticipated. Surface structures of the project will be damaged due to rock fall,
toppling etc. Hazards to the people and wildlife are also anticipated. However, it takes a
significant time for the joint to be fractured. For the safety, surface structures has been
incorporated in project design and planning. Furthermore, moraine dam, retaining structures,
bioengineering techniques will be constructed to reduce impact caused Timbu Pokhari, Hadi
Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari, Lam Pokhari and Chhahare Pokhari Glacier Lake Outburst is
threatening to project affected settlements.Following mitigation measures will be carried out
to mitigate impact caused by Glacier Lake Outburst Flood.
Evacuation plan fro existing GLOF will be done.
Early warning systems will be established in affected nearby settlement areas.
No surface will be left exposed. Concreting will be done on steeper slopes.
Bioengineering will be prioritized as much as possible to the exposed slopes.
All vulnerable slopes that will create adverse impacts to the project structure will be
maintained by project itself.
Low cost but effective bioengineering method of slope protection near Glacier Lake
will be highly emphasized.
xi. Electrocution Hazards
The mitigation measures to prevent electrocution hazards includes:
Use of signs, barriers (e.g. locks on doors, use of gates, use of steel posts surrounding
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transmission towers, particularly in urban areas), and education / public outreach to
prevent public contact with potentially dangerous equipment;
Grounding conducting objects (e.g. fences or other metallic structures) installed near
power lines, to prevent shock.
7.2.2 Biological Environment
The major environmental concern for the biological environment is the influence of the project
workforce and the allied people influx in the construction sites located within KCA. The other
issue of concern is the loss of the forest area and standing forest. For impacts related to
biological environment, mitigation measures are proposed as below.
7.2.2.1 Construction Stage
i. Loss of Forest and Vegetation
Efforts have been made to minimize the forest area and vegetation loss while planning the
project structures and facilities. However, avoidance of the forested areas and vegetation is
not possible due to the project key structural locations determined by geology and other
design parameters.
However, to minimize the loss of forest area and vegetation following mitigation measures
will be implemented in the Project Rural Municipality.
Compensatory afforestation, minimum site clearance by stripping and removal of trees only
in necessary areas will be carried by the project. The Proponent will also implement
compensatory measure for this loss.
Based on the government's recent policy (Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure
Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065, Standardized Guidelines for
Handing over the National Forest Area for National Priority Projects, 2076 and Forest Act,
2075) decision of compensatory plantation, the project will plant 12,500 seedlings (1:25
ratio) as compensation for loss of 500 trees and 3728 seedling will be planted in the
compensated land for the using 2.33 ha KCA land permanently (i.e. 1600 seedlings per
hectares).
The Project will manage the plantation area for 5 years and handover the plantation forests
to the concern agencies (KCA). With due consideration on possible survival rate of the
sapling to be planted, the Project will allocate necessary budget for re-planting of necessary
seedlings. In addition, replacement plantation will be done for those saplings that will die
within five years.
The required tree species will be cleared after the approval from GoN and in close
coordination with KCA, KCA council.
The cleared volume of trees (stocks) will be cleared, transported by the project on its own
cost as recommended by KCA, KCA council. The cost required for the compensatory
plantation and enhancement plantation has been allocated.
Table 7.2: Cost associated with Afforestation Plan of the lost trees S
N
Tasks Rate (NRs) Total Cost
(NRs)
Time
1 Land Preparation for Nursery LS 3,000,000 During Construction
2 Nursery Establishment LS 2,500,000 “”
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S
N
Tasks Rate (NRs) Total Cost
(NRs)
Time
3 Preparation of Plantation Area LS 1,500,000 “”
4 Plantation of seedlings LS 1,000,000 “”
5 Fencing of plantation area and fencing
each seedlings
2,000,000
5 Rearing of Seedlings for 5 years
(Mulching, watering and salary for 10
Heralu)
LS 13,000,000 Until 5 years in
operation phase also
Total 23,000,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 7.3: Land Lease cost for Government Land SN Land
description
Total land
requirement (ha)
Total land value Remarks
1 Land leasement
for 35 years
2.130 260,925 includes incremental cost
2 Land leasement
for 4 years
0.200 2,800
Total 2.330 263,725
EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 7.4: Land Purchase Cost for Land to Land Replacement of Forest Area Used S
N
Land
description
Total land requirement
(ha)
Unit
rate/ha
Total land
value
Remarks
1 Permanent 2.130 6,500,000 13,845,000 only for permanent
land
2 Temporary
0.200 4,500,000 900,000
Total 2.330 14,745,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
ii. Impact related to access road, and construction power
Access road
Among 500 trees to be cut for the implementation of the project, 52 trees (21 pole and 31 tree)
will be cut for access road only and the project will implement compensatory plantation of
1:25. (i.e., plantation of 1300 as compensation for loss of 52 trees).
Cost for the plantation seedling is included in Table 7.2.
Project will also plant the seedling of lost orchids and other NTFPS/MAPs species with the
close coordination with KCA management committee (further mitigation measures are
provided in 7.2.2.1-iii). Cost for the plantation of orchid and NTFPs/MAPs are included in
section 7.2.2.1-iii.
As much as possible forest will be avoided during the land clearing/pre-construction activities
time to minimize the damage on forest considering geology and other design parameters.
Compensatory plantation will be done for the cut tree for the construction of the road.
Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce.
Labor force will be prohibited for the collection of non-timber forest products.
Informative and warning sign at centrally located construction site will be placed to
create local awareness.
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Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers not
to use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust
minimization precautions.
Purchasing and sale and transfer of illegally hunted wildlife products will be strictly
prohibited
To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity including rare and endangered flora and
fauna in KCA, Conservation Community Forests and the project will closely work with
KCA council.
The proponent will launch various awareness and rehabilitation programs. People and
workers will be made aware; guidelines will be developed for the handling and
managing as well as for protection of rare and endangered species.
iii. Harvesting of Non- Timber Forest Products and Medicinal Plants/Loss of Biodiversity
(Rare/Endangered/Endemic Plant and Animals)
Labor force will be prohibited for the collection of non-timber forest products. Informative and
warning sign at centrally located construction site will be placed to create local awareness. The
cost for the construction of information board about the awareness creation against illegal
activities will be allocated by the project.
The following measures/task will be implemented so that cumulative, direct and indirect impact
on forest resources, medicinal plants, NTFPs could be reduced:
Provision of kerosene to the workforce for cooking:
Provision for camp lodging to the outside workforce with a common LPG cooking
facility:
Prohibition on the sale and purchase of the local NTFPs and fishes in the camps
Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce:
Discourage the construction of huts/houses of the laborers.
Collect necessary information on timber and firewood demand of tea stalls, restaurants,
and lodges located within 1 km on all sides of the core Project area.
Encourage community people to operate firewood depot and/or kerosene depot near the
Project site for worker's use.
Keep records, monitor about the energy used by the construction workers, and
document it in the monitoring reports.
Instruct the contractor to discontinue worker’s service who involved in illegal collection
and sale of forest products.
Despite the above measures, there will be some residual ecological effects of forest
clearance for the structures and facilities and will remain as residual impact for a period
of 20 to 30 years till the afforested forest matures.
iv. Increase in demand of Firewood and Timber
In order to minimize the need of forest products central dining facility for the work force is
proposed. The subcontractor will run this and kerosene or LP gas will be used to meet its fuel
requirements. During the construction of temporary and permanent housing facilities and other
structures the use of timber will be minimized and the use of alternative construction materials
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will be encouraged. Due priority will be given to local people so as to avoid building of more
huts and influx of labor force from outside.
Following measures will be carried out to minimize the impact:
Provision of kerosene/LP Gas to the workforce for cooking so that demand of firewood
will be reduced /minimize.
Provision for camp lodging to the outside workforce with a common LPG cooking
facility.
Prohibition in roaming in the local forest area by the outside workforce.
vi. Wildlife habitat disturbance
The project site is a prime habitat of the wildlife as well as a movement corridor. Obstruction
on the movement and reproduction of wildlife due to establishment of project will remain as a
residual impact until the project operation. During the whole project life, the major disturbances
will arise due to the construction activities to local people, wild or domestic animals, and
vegetation. This impact could not be prevented but will be minimized by using different
precautions and methods.
Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers not to
use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust minimization
precautions, etc.
All the project activities will be regularized according to the prevailing legislation mainly
related to the forest acts, aquatic animal’s protection act, forestry regulation, etc. to avoid
illegal activities if any.
The Project will inform the laborers, drivers, or other employed staff timely about the
importance of conserving species by training, publishing and distributing "Do and Don't
Do" brochures or the code of conduct.
If any laborer or his/her dependents are found involved in chasing/harassing and/or trapping
the wildlife illegally, the Proponent will report to the KCA, office for necessary legal
action.
Despite the above measures, there will be some residual ecological effects of forest
clearance for the structures and facilities and will remain as residual impact for a period of
20 to 30 years till the afforested forest matures. In addition following special programs will
be also conducted by the project for protection of wildlife and its associated habitats from
various kinds of disturbances from project during construction period.
Programs like habitat management and food availability of wildlife in collaboration with
KCA and its Conservation Community Forest User Groups around upstream of headworks
area. Planation of palatable grass/herbs for wildlife around upstream of headworks area.
vii. Loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat
Implementation of project will have residual impact on flora and fauna of local area.
Conversion of all kinds of land, which includes the loss of forest area from KCA to the project
erected structure, will fragment the in-situ habitat of flora and fauna of the local area. To
minimize the impact following consideration will be made:
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The plantation will focus the native species of the area so that new habitat for the
wildlife can be created in future.
Micro watersheds of the area will be given special attention for the restoration the
natural habitat during the afforestation activities.
The governmentally protected flora and fauna that occur around the area will be prime
emphasis for the conservation and preservation.
Direct loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is not envisaged by the project, as the project
site is not the core habitat. However, the residual impact will be remained until the
project operation.
Forest and vegetation will be felled only to the required location by pegging the area
and numbering the trees.
The standing forest resources such as timber, firewood, litter, fodder etc. has high value.
Haphazard clearance and lack of collection will make the cleared resources valueless
to the users and owners. Therefore, the project will clear the forest and stockpile the
materials as per the guideline of Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution
Guidelines, (2073 B.S) and will be handed over to the respective Conservation
Community Forest User Groups.
Existing KCA management rules will be obeyed during the implementation of project.
The land requirement from the KCA will be acquired following the prevailing laws,
rules, of forest section. Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest
Area for National Priority Projects 2076 B.S will be followed. Furthermore Guidelines
for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected Areas, 2065
will be followed.
The forest user groups will be assisted for forestry enhancement programs. The cost for
technical and financial assistance to Conservation Community Forest User Groups
above already incorporates the costs.
viii. Illegal Hunting, Poaching Activities and Encroachment of Forest
The proponent will ensure that illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife and forests products
will be strictly prohibited to its manpower engaged in the project.
Hunting and poaching around the project area will be strictly prohibited. Anyone found
to be involved in hunting, trapping or harassing wildlife will be punished. Regular
monitoring of the workers will somehow discourage activities like illegal hunting and
poaching. In addition, coordination with the KCA, KCA Council and CCFUG will
further help to mitigate the illegal hunting and poaching by the workers.
To avoid hunting and poaching of protected faunal species, an environmental awareness
conservation program, awareness campaign will be conducted for the labour force and
local people.
Further, informative and warning signs post will be placed at each construction sites
regarding protection of fauna. The construction contractor will provide special
instructions to all its staff and workforce on conservation issues. Purchasing and sale of
illegally hunted wildlife products will be strictly prohibited and the violators will be
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dismissed. Prior awareness program and warning program will be made before the
enrolment of construction worker for the job.
If any laborer or his/her dependents or project related people are found involved in
chasing/harassing and/or trapping the wildlife illegally, the Proponent will report to the
KCA office, or local management committee of KCA, KCA council and CCFUGs for
necessary legal action.
Unnecessary forest land will not be allowed for encroachment. The provision will be
made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract award to the different
contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be strictly banned to the
project and project workers.
ix. Temporary Diversion of Water
Some stretch of Kabeli Khola will be affected during the diversion of water at headwork. This
will continue at least for one season. Implementations of SKKHEP couldn’t avoid this impact.
During the EIA study none of such sensitive things/objects/components of biological and
socio-economic component were found. However, along the right side the cutting of slope will
trigger the stability of the area.
After the diversion of the water, the area will be treated with gabion wall and concrete retaining
walls. No additional mitigation measures are required and proposed.
x. Increased Fishing Activities
Fishing by the workers of the construction work force will be strictly prohibited.
Contractor will ensure that their construction worker will not involve in any illegal means
of fishing through diverting the river flow, by dynamiting, electro fishing or by poisoning
and selling and transportation for personal benefits.
Construction workers will be provided with the awareness programs upon bio-diversity
conservation.
xi. Loss of Biodiversity (Floral and Faunal) in KCA
Direct loss of trees and pole in KCA will be compensated as mentioned in sub-section 7.2.2.1.
To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity in Conservation Community Forests and KCA,
project will closely work with KCA council and its units. Watershed management program,
encouragement program to local people for the conservation etc will be launched. The project
will assist KCA for the conservation near to project area. The program will be launched under
the environmental enhancement program. During the construction phase, major impacts
envisaged in the biodiversity of KCA are related with the off-site activities of construction
workers. To minimize the impacts following additional measures will be carried out:
Prohibition of the construction workforce to roam in the dense KCA forest and wildlife
habitat areas.
Including the above provision in the labor force as a code of conduct and implementing
the provision with a penalty of dismissal from the construction job.
Employment of at least 1 person by the Contractor to monitor the off-site activities of
the construction workforce and other people involving in the illegal hunting, poaching
of wildlife and collection of NTFPs and MAPs.
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Coordination with Community Forest User’s Groups and KCA and its local units,
Division Forest Office and local police posts located at Sirijangha Rural Municipality.
Providing the cooking and heating fuel support to the outside construction workforce
from the project cost so that pressure on local forest resource is reduced.
xii. Fire Hazard
The grass species present in project construction sites are vulnerable to fire, especially during
the dry season. Even a small fire in the form of cigarettes, buds and match stick used by the
construction crew could be a crucial factor for fire hazard. Likewise, the leakage of fuel from
vehicles could also be the cause of fire. The forest fire could create a big fire hazard affecting
the whole region Following mitigation will be carried out to minimize the impact of forest fire:
Hoarding boards will be placed at critical location of the access road, headworks area,
surge shaft and powerhouse areas as preventive actions to control the forest fire.
Public awareness programs will be launched to prevent the forest fires in the local area.
Project workers will be regularly informed not to throw lighted cigarette tips in the
forest areas and not to use forest area as picnic spots.
Regular monitoring of workforces and their activities will be carried out and they will
be made aware of fire hazard time to time.
xiii. Forest Encroachment
The following mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the impact of forest
encroachment:
Unnecessary forest land will not be allowed for encroachment. The provision will be
made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract award to the different
contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be strictly banned to the
project and project workers.
Clearing of the forest vegetation and stockpiling the vegetation products before
handover will be carried out. The standing forest resources such as timber, firewood,
litter, fodder etc. has high value. Haphazard clearance and lack of collection will make
the cleared resources valueless to the users and owners. Therefore, the project will clear
the forest and stockpile the materials as per the guideline of Forest Product Collection,
Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073 and will be handed over to the respective, CFUGs
and Conservation Community Forest User Groups. Existing policies and rules of
government and KCA will be obeyed during the compensation process.
xiv. Disturbance to Aquatic Flora/Fauna
Impact on aquatic life due to river water diversion for the construction of weir foundation could
not be avoided and will remain as the residual impact. However, the disturbance to the present
faunal habitat in the river during construction phase will be minimized as far as possible.
Environmental Monitoring team during the construction will monitor the construction activities
of the Contractor. The stipulated environment flow and the environmental balance required
downstream will be regularly monitored.
7.2.2.2 Operation Phase
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i. Disturbance to Fish Migration
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are mid-range migratory and Faketa (Barilius sacra), Katle
(Neolissochilus hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish species found in Kabeli River.
Fish fingerlings (5000 number in each releasing site) will be released in headworks area,
dewatered zone and powerhouse area once in a year by the proponent and environment
flow will be mandatory.
The fish ladder is feasibly located at the left bank runs to the left wing wall of weir. Fish
ladder has been designed as per type of fish, their characteristics, habits and environmental
behavior.
ii. Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Detail observation and monitoring will be carried out for first five years operation
period in order to understand downstream water requirements, training for headworks
Gate operators for environmental release.
Cost for all these will be incorporated in the operation costs by the Proponent.
Impact on aquatic life due to flushing is an unavoidable action and impacts resulted
remains as a residual impact due to the project.
Further, environmental release of 10 % of monthly average flow will be released to the
dewatered zone so that the aquatic lives will not be hampered from the project.
iii. Destruction of Wildlife Habitat
Unnecessary movement of operation phase work force will be controlled so that o the
movement of wildlife having local level migratory or movement range will not be disturbed.
The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize loss of wildlife due to destruction
and fragmentation of its habitat:
Maintain as much as possible the fauna habitat and immediately replant the disturbed
sites with trees and shrubs that would continue to attract fauna to the area (mammals,
birds, reptile and amphibians);
Cutting of trees and vegetation clearance will be carried out only in the area required by the
project and losses will be compensated with plantation
iv. Disturbance to Wildlife Movement due to project structures
Disturbance to wildlife movement due to erection of project component/structures will have
residual impact as most of the project components are proposed to be on surface.
To minimize the impact afforestation will be carried out near the vicinity of the main project
component so that it will help for the habitat restoration of the local area.
In addition, at least 2 wooden bridge or crossing will be placed so that wild animals can
pass across the Kabeli Khola stretch.
No additional measures are proposed for this impact.
v. Impact Due to Easy internal Access Road
The implementation of project will construct about 6 km internal access road. The area
being officially declared as KCA, the rules and regulation of KCA will prohibit such
activities.
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With the access road opening and start of the project operation, it is highly likely that the
forest resources of the area could be exploited commercially in illegal way in spite of being
KCA.
To minimize the impact on these forest patches regular monitoring will be carried out along
these patches. In addition, project will work in close coordination with the local Forest
Conservation Committee cell of KCA. Furthermore, KCA rules and regulations will
automatically prohibit illegal activities along the forest patches.
No additional measures are required. Conservation Community Forest User Groups will be
strengthened to promote the conservation.
vi. Downstream release of water during maintenance
The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize impact on wildlife due to sudden
release of water to the downstream:
Siren system will be established targeting the downstream during sudden release of
water from the headworks during the operation period. Siren will be blown at least four
time at a time interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm before the release of water from
the dam during the normal project for maintenance. This may give the wildlife and local
people sufficient time to escape from the area due to the siren noise.
In addition, local people will be given awareness training to safeguard their cattle from
the flood plain area after the siren is blown.
vii. Impact on microclimate in reduced flow zone
The microclimatic effect of the project in the dewatered and impoundment section will remain
as residual impacts of the project. To minimize the impact as suggested by EIA the study, the
project will release 10% of average monthly flow. In addition, project will carry out watershed
management activities along the basin, so that immediately additional release can be made as
replenished discharge. Micro-catchment conservation program such as Kabeli Khola
catchment will somewhat maintain the micro-climate of the area.
No additional mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts of micro-
climate change.
viii. Loss of Biodiversity of KCA
Direct loss of trees and pole in KCA will be compensated as mentioned in sub-section 7.2.2.1.
To minimize the impact of loss of biodiversity in Conservation Community Forests and KCA,
project will closely work with KCA council and its units. Watershed management program,
encouragement program to local people for the conservation etc will be launched. The project
will assist KCA for the conservation near to project area. The program will be launched under
the environmental enhancement program. During the construction phase, major impacts
envisaged in the biodiversity of KCA are related with the off-site activities of construction
workers. To minimize the impacts following additional measures will be carried out:
Prohibition of the construction workforce to roam in the dense KCA forest and wildlife
habitat areas.
Including the above provision in the labor force as a code of conduct and implementing
the provision with a penalty of dismissal from the construction job.
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Employment of at least 1 person by the Contractor to monitor the off-site activities of
the construction workforce and other people involving in the illegal hunting, poaching
of wildlife and collection of NTFPs and MAPs.
Coordination with KCA and its local units, Division Forest Office and local police posts
located at Sirijangha Rural Municipality.
Providing the cooking and heating fuel support to the outside construction workforce
from the project cost so that pressure on local forest resource is reduced.
ix. Possible Smuggling of the Forest Product
In order to reduce the impact proponent will conduct trainer's training to KCA local
officials, people of the vicinity and nearby youth club, health institutions, and Mother’s
groups twice.
This training will focus on the sustainable use of forest products, usage of energy saving
cooking utensils, energy saving approaches, and ways to regulate illegal activities.
Further, long term coordination with KCA, KCA council and Forest User Groups and
local security forces will be carried out.
x. Fire Hazard
The grass species and dry litter present in project construction sites are vulnerable to fire,
especially during the dry season. Even a small fire in the form of cigarettes, buds and match
stick used by the operation crew could be a crucial factor for fire hazard. Likewise, the leakage
of fuel from vehicles could also be the cause of fire. The forest fire could create a big fire
hazard affecting the whole region Following mitigation will be carried out to minimize the
impact of forest fire:
Hoarding boards will be placed at critical location of the access road on the preventive
actions to control the forest fire.
Public awareness programs will be launched to prevent the forest fires in the local area.
Project workers will be regularly informed not to throw lighted cigarette tips in the
forest areas and not to use forest area as picnic spots.
Project will work closely with the local Forest Conservation Cell of KCA.
xi. Disturbance to migratory birds
The project site is a movement corridor and seasonal migratory route of many birds for the
feeding purpose. Obstruction on the movement and reproduction of birds due to establishment
of project will remain as a residual impact until the project operation. This impact could not be
prevented but will be minimized by using different precautions and methods.
Low noise, erection of no horn sign in appropriate places, instruction to the drivers
not to use pressure horn in and around the forest area, use of regular road rout, dust
minimization precautions, etc.
Programs for the habitat conservation of birds will be conducted in collaboration
with KCA council, KCA and its Conservation Community Forests User Groups.
Minimum tree will be cleared.
Workers will be prohibited from entering forest area.
Workforce will be instructed and controlled and will be punished if found to be
indulged on activities that damages the habitat of birds.
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Meat of bird species on the mess of camps will be strictly prohibited.
Awareness to the project workforces will be launched regarding the anti-poaching
activity. Conservation awareness to the workforces will be given.
7.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
7.2.3.1 Construction Phase
i. Land Acquisition
The SKKHEP will acquire 8.15 ha private land for permanent structures and 0.15 ha private
land for temporary purpose. Total leasement cost of the temporary private land is NRs. 97,500.
Temporarily used land will be later rehabilitated. The rehabilitation cost will be borne by the
project.
Table 7.5: Land acquisition cost of the permanent private land SN Land
description
Permanently land
required (ha)
Unit rate/ha Total land value (NRs.)
1 Khet 1.1 8,500,000 9,350,000
2 Bari 7.05 6,500,000 45,825,000
3 Pakho 0
Total 8.15 55,175,000
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2076
Table 7.6: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary) SN Land description Temporary land
required (ha)
Unit rate/ha Total land value (NRs.)
1 Khet
2 Bari 0.15 650000 97,500
3 Pakho 0
Total 0.15 97,500
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2076
(Note: Cost of Bari and Khet is fixed according to mutual understanding and existing
market price)
ii. Issues related to livelihood of affected settlements
The construction of SKKHEP will effect livelihood of Sirijangha ward 6, 7 and 8 and nearby
settlements. Tharpu Bazaar, Rake Bazaar, Ganesh Chowk, Sawalakhu Bazaar, Thungrm,
Makulwa, Tartung, Chherendada, Ekim, Samethum, Huputar, Ratetar, Kattike, Khamluri,
Thumki, Thatruwa, Samekham, Yamphudin will be affected by the project. However, the
adverse impacts are negligible.
iii. Loss of standing crops and private trees
Project will schedule the clearance, as far possible during the time when lands are free
from crops. Besides, people will be informed at least 6 month prior of land
acquisition/leasing. In case of compensation required for the standing crops estimated
production from the project requires to compensation of 15.92 MT of food crop (paddy,
wheat, maize, millet, barley, beans, potato), 1500 bundles of Nigalo, 1600 kg of vegetables,
2.5 MT of Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder from both permanent and temporary required
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lands will be compensated. The estimated cost of NRs 2,128,229 for the compensation of
standing crops will be allocated by the project.
Table 7.7: Loss of standing crops SN Description Total Cost (NRs) Remarks
1 Cereal Crops 361,229
2 Cash Crops 1594500
3 Loss of Fodder 172,500
Total 2,128,229
Source: EIA Field Visit, 2077
iv. Occupational Health and Safety Measures
The construction area will be cleared and fenced off and all the necessary precaution and
warning signpost will be placed at work sites.
This area will be restricted for the entry of unauthorized people. The contractor will be
made responsible via contract clause for the occupational health and safety measures.
The project will provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as hard hat, eye glass,
safety boot, safety belt, gloves, firefighting accessories, caution signals and other safety
equipment as required at particular sites and work areas.
Regular monitoring of local spring nearby the alignment will be carried out. The project
proponent will compensate the damage to houses and infrastructures; and strengthen or
provide alternatives to the loss/ drying up of water from spring source used by the
community.
Safety training will be implemented and any loss of life or injury will also be compensated
as per prevailing rules. The safety training for the project workers will be conducted prior
to the construction work.
The training program will be of at least seven days that will include practical class, use of
safety equipment, first aid etc.
v. Pressure on Local health and sanitation facilities
Camp site management and supply of primary health care facilities are the major measures
to minimize the impact on local health and sanitation facilities so that additional pressure
on health and sanitation couldn’t be envisaged due to project.
To minimize the impact the contractor will be made responsible via contract clause for the
primary health service (first aid) and camp site management.
The project proponent will make available the labors with potable drinking water, clean
toilets with adequate water facilities.
Toilets will be made in temporary camps with the ratio of one toilet for 15 people. First aid
kits will be maintained for preliminary treatment in emergencies.
For serious injuries arrangement will be made to send the injured person to the nearest
hospitals.
Health check-up of workers and documentation of health status will be made periodically.
Priority will be given to the local people in project works to minimize the impacts on health
and sanitation. Support will be provided to local health post under CSP.
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vi. Impact on Community infrastructures and resources
With the influx of the construction workers from outside, the demand on social service
institutions particularly educational facilities, health services, water supply systems,
administrative services, local law and order maintaining institutions, telecommunication
services, and local market increase. So, to have minimal impacts on the available resources,
following mitigation measures have been purposed;
The schools of the project affected wards which provide education to the children of
project staff and workers will be supported.
Establish a health service facility and support health workers within the construction
camps
Establish water supply system for all the camp facilities within the work area and camp
area
Establish self-standing communication facilities for the project staff and workers
Support to such social infrastructures will be as per the enhancement program of project
and will be operated under the Environment and Social Management Unit of the
Project.
vii. Impact due to conflict of interest
Different people have different attitude toward the project and vice-versa. To minimize
the conflict of interest project will facilitate the Project wards to formulate a Super
Kabeli Hydropower Concern Committee.
The project management will deal with local people with the help and coordination with
committee and vice-versa. Conflict of interest will be discussed well within the
committee and project management unit.
viii. Impact on Socio-Cultural Practices
To minimize the impact on social and cultural practices of local communities, a strong
code of conduct will be enforced to the outside construction workers.
The workers will be instructed to act in responsible manners during and after the
working hours, respecting the rights, property and practices of the local people.
Alcohol and gambling will be prohibited in camp area. Priority will be given to the
local people in project works.
ix. Impact on Law and Order Situation
The high number of workforce is likely to create pressure on local communities in a number of
ways. These may provoke the social disturbance among the settlements within administrative
boundaries of Sirijangha Rural Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8. The law and order institutions
with the available human resources might find difficulty in maintaining the security situation
around the project ward. So, to make the project area safe from the activities of incidents of
burglary, quarrels, stealing and safe environment, following measures have been proposed;
Regular ethical behavioral programs to outside workers before work session to respect
local people, their culture and traditions will be organized
Alcohol consumption in the public places outside the camp areas will be restricted
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District Police Office will be requested to increase the police personnel to enhance the
local law and order. Financial assistance to the local police post will be provided for
the construction of additional residential facilities
The project personnel will be advised through special circulation that the illegal
extraction of floral and faunal resources of the KCA or dealing of the illegal extracted
resources will be punishable as per KCA rules
Coordination will be maintain with the local and district level administrative units of
GoN. The existing facilities of GoN will be used to maintain the law and order in the
project area as required. The proposed awareness program will also minimized this
impact to some extent.
xii. Gender and Disadvantageous Group
The project will ensure discrimination against the local people based on their gender, caste,
color and place of origin. Local women will be hired to the extent possible.
Similarly, priority to job opportunity will be provided to the people of affected indigenous
groups like Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo vulnerable and backward
group or families in the project area in order to raise their living standard.
Project will support the local indigenous Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,
Mawo people by forming a separate enhancement committee for the upliftment of
indigenous people.
Budget will be allocated to aware local women and project will support them
mainstreaming.
Participation of Dalit and women in Super Kabeli Hydropower Concern Committee will be
encouraged by the project. Special training to Women, Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,
Sarki, Bhote, Mawo (Disadvantageous groups) and Indigenous groups will be provided
under the Environmental Enhancement Program.
xiii. Impacts of blasting and construction activities
The project has design to cross this area via headrace tunnel. Blasting should be carried out
for the construction work.
Blasting for the construction of the tunnel will be done in day time only. The petroleum
bunkers will be placed in a separate area in a concrete bonded area with a facility of oil and
grease separator.
The contractor will be made responsible for this. The impact will be incorporated since the
design phase of the project.
The Penstock pipe pass through some gullies and kholsis.
Anchor blocks will protect the Penstock pipe along the difficult and sensitive terrain and
also maintain the natural flow of water from gullies.
Blockage to the natural flow due to penstock pipe/penstock alignment will be strictly
prohibited. Drying up of such sources are not anticipated.
xiv. Expansion of Settlements
With the increase in the facilities of access road, health facilities and job opportunities
people are likely to start their own small business like tea shop, hotels, fruits and vegetable
shops around the core area of the project.
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This will result in the development of new settlement and expansion of the earlier
settlements. Area of Sirijangha Rural Municipality is most likely to expand its settlement
after the project implementation. The space available in the area is limited.
Project has come up with the following measure to have proper managements of the
settlements around the core area so that the settlements won’t disturb the ongoing
development of the project.
Local government will be advised of the expanding settlements and its environmental
consequences to step in for management. If planning is requested, local government will
be assisted.
xv. Issues of foot trails along due to project components
Proposed SKKHEP crosses foot trails. 6 km internal access road will be constructed for the
project which after completion of construction will easily be used by local of the areas. So foot
trails that are influenced due to project construction will be relocated on suitable location that
ease assess in project structure and its temporary facilities.
xvi. Issues related to tourism activity
The tourist will not be allowed roaming alone in the project area without any personnel of
the project.
The materials needed for the tourist will be made available as far as possible so that it do
not pressurized the local resources.
xvii. Water use rights
The field observation and interaction with local community has revealed that the water
from Kabeli River has not been used by locals for drinking, rafting, professional fishing
purposes or for irrigation purposes within the stretch of intake and tailrace of SKKHEP.
To minimize the impact of water use, the project will further release of 10% of monthly
flow from Kabeli River.
xvii. Impact of solid waste
For mitigating the impacts due to camp site, following measures will be taken:
Minimum land as possible will be used for the project.
Solid waste generated will be collected in a safe location; Segregation of solid waste
and recycling, reduce and reuse system of solid waste management system will be
strictly followed. During the preparation of contract bid for civil construction work, the
provision will be made mandatory. Solid Waste Management Regulation of GoN, 2070
will be strictly followed.
Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed.
Training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical handling
procedures.
Provision of sufficient waste disposal points and regular collection for disposal.
Appropriate measures to minimize windblown litter and dust during transportation of
waste by either covering trucks or by transporting wastes in enclosed containers.
Regular cleaning and maintenance program for drainage systems, sumps and oil
interceptors.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
185
xvii. Land encroachment
To mitigate the impacts due to land encroachment, following mitigation measures will be
taken. Unnecessary land will not be allowed for encroachment.
The provision will be made implemented via contractor clause before granting contract
award to the different contractor. Illegal clearing, encroachment to forest area will be
strictly banned to the project and project workers.
Haphazard clearance and NTFPs collection will be checked. Existing policies and rules of
KCA will be obeyed during the compensation process.
7.2.3.2 Operation Phase
i. Declining in Economic Activities Raised in Construction Period
The project will run counseling programs to tell the workers about the availability of works
in similar projects running elsewhere in Nepal demanding the skills they acquired from the
Project.
The local farmers, business people and traders will be made aware of the income generating
activities that could be operated by the availability of the electricity in their area.
In addition skill training program as an Environmental Enhancement Program will be
carried out so that people can switch their occupation easily based on their skill and local
availability of resources.
ii. Occupation Health and Safety Hazards
Safety equipment required for the operation and maintenance of the headworks and
powerhouse will be provided. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) and other safety
equipment as required during operation phase will be provided.
Safety caution sign will be posted at work places and nearby danger zones and such area
will be well fenced.
iii. Reduction of agricultural land
The impact is residual and couldn’t be revived. The temporarily used land will be
rehabilitated by project itself and handed over to the respective owner.
PAFs will be given special agriculture enhancement training (particularly focus on
Cardamom) so that they can increase their production from the remaining land.
Further new skill training as environmental enhancement program will be launched so
that PAFs can switch their occupation.
iv. Release of Water in downstream during maintenance
To make sure that release of water from the dam downstream while maintenance of the
powerhouse, settling basin or waterway don’t have or no impact on the life and safety of the
livestock and peoples utilizing the river bed area for various purposes, following measures have
purposed:
Siren network will be established in the dewatered zone by the project
During maintenance, siren network will be established in the dewatered zone and Siren
will be blown before 1 hours by the project staff at least four time at a time interval of
15 minutes as warning alarm before the release of water from the dam during the normal
project for maintenance.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
186
Local people will be given awareness training to safeguard their cattle from the flood
plain area after the siren is blown.
v. Impact arising due to penstock/penstock pipe crossing
The impact will be incorporated since the design phase of the project.
Anchor blocks and Saddle support will protect the penstock along the difficult and sensitive
terrain but also maintain the natural flow of water from gullies.
Blockage to the natural flow due to penstock pipe/ penstock alignment will be strictly
prohibited.
vi. Dislocation / disturbance to foot trails
Destructed land area will be stabilized immediately and destructed structures will be
also repaired instantly or other protective measures will be also constructed if
necessary.
Stability measures will be taken as per requirements. Protection measures like gabion
wall, retaining wall, and other civil structures as required which is already included in
project design.
vii. Water use and Right
The environmental flow (10% of monthly flow) is strictly monitored so that the aquatic fauna
could live and could do their activities. 10% of monthly flow water is sufficient for the
sustenance of aquatic species. But natural condition of ecosystem could not be anticipated and
impact will remain as residual.
viii. Issue of Tourism and Ecotourism
After the operation of the project, ecotourism will be more promoted than before.
To minimize the pressure in the local resources due to visit of more tourists, health
and drinking water facilities will be established, tourist will not allowed to enter
the forest without guide, hunting and poaching will be strictly prohibited.
ix. Issues to indigenous and vulnerable communities/groups of Project Area
Local women will be hired to the extent possible. Similarly, priority to job opportunity
will be provided to the people of affected indigenous, vulnerable and backward group
or families in the project area in order to raise their living standard.
Special training to Women, Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo
communities (Marginalized and Disadvantageous groups) and Indigenous groups will be
provided under the Environmental Enhancement Program.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
187
Table 7.8: Mitigation measures for SKKHP S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
1. Physical Environment
1.1 Construction Phase
i. Impacts on
land use
The physical location of the project
infrastructures will occupy certain areas
that belong to the KCA. About 10.63 ha
land area will be required for project
permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the
project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha
is temporary. In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha
from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River
flood plain under KCA) will be acquired
from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated
private bari land. Temporary land will be
restored on completion of construction
phase.
To minimize the impact, permanent
land acquisition will be minimized to
the extent possible made for the
structures like, head works,
powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge
shaft, tailrace, work camp site, project
office and the access road. Area
required for the other project activities
and purpose such as contractor camp,
labor camp, stock pile area for the
construction materials, borrow area
etc. will be taken on lease and will be
returned to the owner after the proper
treatment/rehabilitation work.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
ii Impact on
Topograph
y
The topographical changes will occur
particularly in the headwork site; headrace
tunnel, settling basin, intake, surge shaft,
penstock pipe, powerhouse area, quarry
sites, spoil/muck, debris disposal sites etc.
In addition, construction of internal project
access road will also have long-term effect
on topography as excavation and other
earthworks area needed.
To minimize the topographic changes
in the major project components like
headwork, waterway, and powerhouse,
minimum land as possible will be used.
Landscaping of the debris and
spoil/muck disposal sites will be
carried out. Such land will be soon
rehabilitated.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
iii Storage of
constructio
n materials
The total required materials for SKKHEP
during construction of civil structures will
be 1075 m3 of cement, 2055 m3 of sand,
2750 m3 of aggregates, 627 tons of
reinforcement steel. Storage of
construction materials will be carried out
Stockpiling sites will be properly
fenced. Side drains will be constructed.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost Terms and condition will be enlisted in
contract agreement with the civil
contractor to minimize the impact.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Proper storage site will be managed for EMU EIA Constructi
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Cost (NRs.)
at Powerhouse and headwork area. A total
of 0.2 ha land will be temporarily required
for the storage of construction materials at
stockpiling sites of both Powerhouse and
headwork. Private cultivated upland (Bari)
area will be used as stockpiling sites.
the construction materials near to the
construction site making a safe house.
on
Precaution and warning signs and
firefighting equipment will be placed at
the storage areas.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
iv Landslide
& soil
erosion
due to
excavation
works
Although the bedrock is strong and stable,
inundation of the small area due to intake
would invite slope failure due to soil
saturation and water fluctuation.
Disruption of natural drainage pattern will
cause scouring, erosion and landslides.
The domestic waste which is dumped in
the streams, degradation of the waste will
cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in
water. This will adversely affect aquatic
life in the streams. Improperly disposed
domestic waste will spoil the natural
beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and
attract flies, rodents and other scavengers
which could produce public health
concerns, for the construction workers as
well as the local people.
Although the bedrock is strong and stable,
inundation of the small area due to intake
would invite slope failure due to soil
saturation and water fluctuation.
Disruption of natural drainage pattern will
cause scouring, erosion and landslides.
Pegging and flagging will be done at
the landslide area boundary.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
500,000
Slope will be maintained less than the
angle of repose to the extent possible,
mostly 45% .
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Both vertical and horizontal drains will
be provided.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
No surface will be left exposed. EMU EIA Constructi
on
v Solid
waste
The domestic waste which is dumped in
the streams, degradation of the waste will
Waste generated from construction
activities are usually inert material
EMU EIA Constructi
on
300,000
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responsible
National
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or
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Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
generated
from
camps
cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in
water. This will adversely affect aquatic
life in the streams. Improperly disposed
domestic waste will spoil the natural
beauty of the area, cause foul smell, and
attract flies, rodents and other scavengers
which could produce public health
concerns, for the construction workers as
well as the local people.
which are non-biodegradable e.g.
empty cement bags and containers,
rejected material, plastic, wooden
planks, small structures etc. will be
stored out and kept separated instead of
throwing haphazardly elsewhere.
vi Muck/spoi
l disposal
Improper handling and disposal of spoil
will result destruction of productive land
and forest vegetation, increase turbidity in
the river with an adverse impact on aquatic
life, and scars in the landscape
.Contamination of water and surface soil
& sedimentation of water bodies and gully
formation & erosion of spoil, especially
when combined with unmanaged surface
water runoff.
Prior to the disposal of debris dry
gabion wall will be erected on the
stream side or downhill at headwork
area. Disposal of debris at other place
than designated will be strictly
prohibited. The spoil disposal will not
be thrown in the river; rather it will be
safely deposited in the stream gullies,
ravines, depression and flood plains.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
vii Leakage of
oil, grease
& other
chemicals
The possibility of leakage of oil and grease
and other liquid materials is high. These
oil if spilled easily spread over ground
producing eye sore. Near the water
surface, the oil spill pollutes the water
surface and the dissolved oxygen content
of the water body will be reduced. The oil
leakage has detrimental impact on the
aquatic life. Kabeli Khola downstream
from headwork and near the confluence
will be affected in such cases.
All spent grease and mobile and
unused or date expired toxic chemicals
will be collected separately in plastic
drums and stored in a safe place under
the shade. All empty containers of
grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals
will be punctured and stored in a safe
place under the shade. The unused
chemicals, spent mobile, grease etc.
will discharged only with the approval
of the project environmental officer
approval and recommendation.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
500,000
viii Change in The diversion of river flow together with Proper engineering design for sediment EMU EIA Constructi Included in
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Cost (NRs.)
river
morpholog
y due to
use of
quarry site
the construction and associated activities
may damage or degrade the existing
channels and springs. The upstream of
dam will be deposited with sediments as
well as the release of sediment from the
dam will erode riverbed changing the
course the river.
flushing will be done and downstream
protection by cut off wall and
launching apron shall be design for
minimizing the adverse impact in the
river morphology.
on project
design cost
ix Impact on
Natural
drainage
due to
water
conveyanc
e medium
The construction of water conveyance
system will affect water drainage system
as this will disrupts surface flow which
may further increase the instability of
slope and penstock alignment and other
water passing system at different length
will have to cross dry gullies and kholsies.
Newly constructed internal access road
will be regularly maintained.
Bioengineering and engineering design
such as erection of gabion wall and
retaining anchor blocks will be
constructed. The project will not create
major impact on natural drainage,
water body and springs within the
project area during construction phase.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
x Constructi
on camp
sites
Due to the construction of camp site
during the construction period low impact
could be envisaged. In total project will
recruit 300 numbers of work force and
maximum number to be settle in camp will
be same in number. Due to the camp
establishment, land use change of the area,
solid waste generation, pollution to the
nearby water source are most likely to
occur.
Solid waste generated from the camp
site will be collected in a safe location;
segregated and degradable waste will
be made compost and handed over to
the local farmers. Non degradable
waste will be collected and recycled or
reused.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xi Impact due
to
seismicity
The project is located in the second
seismic risk zone of Nepal and the soil
foundation at the headworks site
considered to average soil type. The
seismic study conducted as part of the
feasibility shows that the project site has is
No mitigation measures are proposed
during construction phase for
seismicity impact.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
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Approved
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Timing of
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Cost (NRs.)
located in second seismic risk zone of
Nepal.
xii Impact on
Dewatered
zone
stretch
During the construction phase impact on
dewatered zone due to water diversion is
not relevant. Impact along the stretch due
to contamination of water quality has been
discussed in different section Change in
Water Quality, Release of toxic and
hazardous waste, spoil disposal etc.
During the construction of headwork
and operation of Quarry sites, as
minimum as possible time will be used.
Diversion work will be complete in
short time as possible. The turbidity
impact to downstream will be
minimized applying all the specified
mitigation measures.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xiii Increased
level of
noise and
vibration
The construction of the project would
likely to exceed this threshold of noise
level, affecting human, wildlife and
livestock of the project area. As the project
construction site is far from dense human
settlement but near to forest, wild animals
will be affecting by air pollution.
The construction area will be fenced.
Ear guards will be provided to the
construction workers in the noise prone
areas. Large noise producing engines
such as air compressors will be fitted
with noise reducing mechanisms. All
vehicles in the construction area will be
maintained regularly.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xiv Change in
air quality
Construction activities will attract large
number of migrant labors and people who
supply goods and services to the labor
force. If adequate measures are not taken
to handle the sewerage and solid waste
generated by this new population, there is
a possibility of increase in foul odor.
Use of breathing mask and earplugs
by the construction workers in the dust
prone areas such as crushing plant,
batching plant, rock drilling areas etc.
will be made compulsory. Preventive
measures will be taken to minimize the
emission of dust from the dust prone
area such as crushing plants, batching
plants etc. by spraying water or
maintaining moisturization in
construction materials.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
350,000
xv Change in
water
quality
Liquid waste might occur as a result from
the construction activities and from the use
of lubricants, paints, cleaning, chemical
The storage area will be lined to reduce
potential surface and ground water
pollution in the event of spill. The used
EMU EIA Constructi
on
350,000
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responsible
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Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
and other aqueous and oil-based materials.
Some wastes might occur because of
leakage from construction equipment,
accidental spills during materials transfer
and storage and from improper and
inadequate management, as lubrication
and changing of oil are the common
practices in construction equipment.
oil and lubricants will be collected
regularly into drums/barrels or tanks.
The settling basin should be used to
collect the slurry for settling the heavy
particles and other material, which can
be recycled or incinerated. Bathing,
cloth washing, defecating and urinating
in the river will be strictly prohibited to
project’s work force.
xvi Loss of top
soil
Loss of top soil i.e. 5200 m3 is permanent
and recovery chance is almost impossible.
Headwork area and facilities, canal
alignment and powerhouse area will have
greater impact due to loss of top soil. The
losses of top soil decrease the fertility rate
of the land thus reducing agricultural
production.
The topsoil will be covered by plastic
and stockpiled over a drained area. To
reduce siltation problem, the soil
conservation activities will also be
implemented as per needed. Similarly,
to minimize the soil erosion, site
clearance will be minimized.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xvii Issues
related to
internal
access road
The construction vehicles and project
vehicles will use the same road such that
there can be the occurrence of regular
traffic jam, road accidents causing
nuisance to villagers. The associated
impacts due to road construction are
temporary like increase in turbidity of
water, mixing of various wastes, air
pollution, visual pollution, debris into
river water. These impacts are all
temporary and only occur during
construction of road.
Along the kholsis and probable
unstable slopes, protection measures
like gabion wall, retaining structures,
plantation of amriso and bamboo will
be done.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xviii Change on
drainage
pattern
Blasting during excavation works may
affect in the stability of the surrounding
area and blasting may affect the
Newly constructed access road will be
regularly maintained. The project will
not create major impact on natural
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
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Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
surrounding air and noise condition due to
which the local people may be affected
drainage, water body and springs
within the project area during
construction phase.
xix Issue
blasting
and bunker
operation
The implications of the drainage changes
have been adequately addressed in the
headwork design; however, such designs
are inadequate for the internal access
roads. The built formation width of the
access roads dissects the natural surface
run off drainages. And the surface run off
is diverted along the access road
alignment. In the hills of Nepal, such
diversion of natural drainages was
recognized as root cause of road failure
and associated land instability & erosion
problems.
A separate Bunker House will be
constructed and explosive handling
will be carried out with the help of
Nepal Army. Expert geologist will be
consulted for the safety of tunnel and
blasting operation along tunnel
alignment.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xx Tunnel
excavation
problems
The tunnel excavation will require control
blasting that can cause small tremors, dust
pollution and instabilities inside the
tunnel. If due attention is not given during
the tunnel construction, its excavation may
cause collapsing of the tunnel or
subsidence of the land above the tunnel.
However, the effect to ground water will
be low as the tunnel bed is located in
bedrock-banded gneisses with partly
quartzite and fine partition of schist.
Ear guards will be provided to the
construction workers in the noise prone
areas. Blasting activities will be carried
out at the day time only. Tunnel will be
fitted with the noise soaking device.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Construct
ion
Included in
project
design cost
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Timing of
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Cost (NRs.)
xxi Vibration
from
blasting
and
operation
of heavy
equipment,
vehicles
around the
surroundin
g areas
The vehicles will generate significant
amount of dust and vehicular emissions
(suspended particles, Carbon monoxide,
Sulphur oxide, Hydrocarbons and oxides
of nitrogen in ambient air). These impacts
on air quality will, however, be of short-
term in duration and mostly limited to the
project site. The movement of heavy
vehicle in project site is likely to increase
in dust and vehicular emissions.
The construction area will be fenced.
Large noise producing engines such as
air compressors will be fitted with
noise reducing mechanisms. All
vehicles in the construction area will be
maintained regularly. Surface blasting
activities will be carried out at the day
time only.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xxii Issue of
handling of
explosive
material
Blasting during excavation works may
affect in the stability of the surrounding
area and blasting may affect the
surrounding air and noise condition due to
which the local people may be affected.
Storage area will be protected and
proper sign will be placed indicating
explosion risk. Necessary legal
procedure as per Explosive Act 2018
B.S. will be carried out by project.
Smoking should not be allowed during
handling of explosive materials.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
xxiii Potential
probability
of
occurrence
of GLOF
hazard
Most of the lakes which at present pose a
GLOF risk are small and would not cause
damage to the same extent as Timbu
Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari,
Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier
and thus will not affect the physical
intensity of the Kabeli - project but special
mitigation measures should be considered
to lower the water when an outburst is
threatening.
No surface will be left exposed.
Concreting will be done on steeper
slopes. Low cost but effective
bioengineering method of slope
protection near Glacier Lake will be
highly emphasized. Bioengineering
will be prioritized as much as possible
to the exposed slopes.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
design cost
Subtotal 2,000,000
1.2 Operation stage
i Changes in
hydrology
The bioengineering programs in the
upstream of the project area and
To minimize the impact on micro- EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
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&
sedimentat
ion
construction of sedimentation basin can
reduce the rate of sedimentation in the
project area.
climate mandatory release of 10% of
monthly flow water from the weir axis
will be made. To maintain and support
to the hydrology additional watershed
management activities will be carried
out.
project
operation
cost
ii Impact on
Natural
drainages
The sediment sample analysis results
revealed that Quartz content is about 55%
of the sample. Quartz having hardness
number 7 (Mohr’s scale) is detrimental to
the metal parts mainly Turbine runner.
Therefore, highly efficient settling basin
and other provisions are required to
remove such particles. The sedimentation
on settling basin is mainly contributed by
the soil and rock in the catchments area.
Along the blocked location drainage
and safe handling of natural flow will
be maintained. Such site will be further
trained with bioengineering, concrete
retaining so that erosion from such site
will be controlled.
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
iii Noise and
vibration
in
powerhous
e area
Due the heavy machine running for every
time for generating 12 MW of power, the
sound pollution is expected to be greater
than 75 dBA which will be the major
problem at powerhouse site.
The noise impact from the powerhouse
during the operation of the project will
be reduced by installing sound proof
and noise aquatics system in
powerhouse.
EMU EIA Operation 300,000
iv Change in
water
quality due
to reduced
flow
There will be some minor changes in the
water quality in the months from October
to June in the dewatered stretch of the river
between diversion weir & tailrace than the
present. The water quality will be slightly
altered by the variables of the tributaries
even though the greater share of the water
volume is contributed by the residual
environmental flow of the Kabeli River
The impact will be minimized by
constructing a ditch to collect the sand
and aggregate before reaching to the
stream. Thus, collected sediment will
be the safely collected and transferred
to the safe place.
EMU EIA Operation 400,000
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from the diversion weir.
v Leakage of
oil, grease
& other
chemicals
Near the water surface, the oil spill
pollutes the water surface and the
dissolved oxygen content of the water
body will be reduced. The oil leakage has
detrimental impact on the aquatic life.
To minimize the impact, during the
maintenance period chemical socking
materials will be put at the ground and
then later such used materials will be
safely disposed or buried.
EMU EIA Operation 300,000
vi Change in
microclim
ate in the
dewatered
stretch
Micro-climate change is expected to occur
in the dewatered section of the river
between diversion weir & tailrace. In the
dewatered section, the temperature might
fall by about 0.5⁰C in the winter season. In
the hot summer season (April – June), the
temperature might rise by 0.5 to 1⁰C. In the
monsoon season (July- October), no
change in temperature is expected. On the
other hand vegetation growth pattern
along the stream alignment will be altered
during the dry season.
The river will have mandatory release
10% of monthly flow, which will be
released downstream of Kabeli River
as the environment flow to maintain
minimum riparian flow from the
project site. This helps aquatic and wild
animals of the KCA to maintain their
habitat from the enormous
development.
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
vii Impact of
Seismicity
The seismic study conducted as part of the
feasibility shows that the project site has is
located in second seismic risk zone of
Nepal. There is no exceptional seismic risk
and no pending of water to threaten
downstream populations in the event of
catastrophic failure of the 5 m weir.
The planning phase, design phase and
construction phase seismicity issue
will be incorporated in design of
project and strength of project
component will be maintained.
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
viii Climate
change
hazard
Climate change will cause increased
variability of precipitation events and will
pose significant problems for
hydroelectric generation. The increased
variability of precipitation will result in
more severe and frequent floods and
To minimize the risk regular
monitoring of catchment will be
carried out. In case of emergency
coping strategy project will be
prepared since the design phase such as
to control sedimentation, to safely
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
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Document
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action
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droughts, seasonal offsets, or the altering
timing and magnitude of precipitation for
traditional rainy and dry seasons and peak
snowmelt.
make flow of sedimentation etc.
ix Water Use
and Right
The field observation and interaction with
local community has revealed that the
water from Kabeli River has not been used
by locals for cremation site irrigation,
micro-hydro plant, water mill and other
purposes at dewatered area. Therefore,
there is no impact anticipated due to
construction of the project.
Locals for cremation site, irrigation,
micro-hydro plant, water mill and other
purposes at dewatered area have not
used Kabeli River. Therefore, no
mitigation measures has been adopted.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
x Potential
probability
of
occurrence
of GLOF
hazard
The assessment based on field
investigation and evaluation of past record
of GLOF events shows that Timbu
Pokhari, Hadi Pokhari, Sukhe Pokhari,
Lam Pokhari, Chhahare Pokhari Glacier
lakes in higher elevation of Kabeli River
Catchment. Most of the lakes which at
present pose a GLOF risk are small and
may not cause damage and thus will not
affect the physical infrastructures of the
Kabeli- project, however special
mitigation measures will be considered to
lower the water when an outburst will be
of threatening level.
Surface structures of the project will be
damaged due to rock fall, toppling etc.
Hazards to the people and wildlife are
also anticipated. However, it takes a
significant time for the joint fractured.
For the safety surface structures has
been incorporated in project design and
planning.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Included in
1.1, xxiii
Subtotal 1,000,000
2. Biological Environment
2.1 Construction Phase
i Loss of
Forest and
A total of 500 individual trees of size >10
cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250
Based on the government's recent
policy decision of compensatory
EMU EIA Constructi
on
23,000,0001
5,008,725
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
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responsible
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or
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Vegetation seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha (Table 5.1
and Table 5.2) will be lost during the
construction period. The regeneration
status of forest in the project area is good.
Trees will be cut down in project main
component and along the project support
facilities such as access road from
Headworks, Water Conveyance, Camp
site, Stockpiling site, disposal site and
crusher plant, etc.
plantation 1:25 ratio (i.e., plantation of
12,500 seedlings) as compensation for
loss of 500 trees will be carried out and
3728 seedling will be planted in the
compensated land for the using 2.33 ha
KCA land permanently (i.e. 1600
seedlings per hectares)
ii Loss of
NTFPs and
Medicinal
Plants
Among the enumerated NTFPs and
medicinal plants 15 species of them will be
lost from their in-situ habitat. Due to the
construction of project, 3 species of plant
species having medicinal value, and
having local use significance and even
having economic importance will get
impacted due to site clearance during the
erection of project structure
Labor force will be prohibited for the
collection of non-timber forest
products. Informative and warning sign
at centrally located construction site
will be placed to create local
awareness. The cost for the
construction of information board
about the awareness creation against
illegal activities will be allocated by the
project.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
250,000
iii Wildlife
habitat
disturbanc
e
Construction of project components will
definitely impact on the habitat
connectivity of wildlife species. Clearance
of forest area of national forest will have
impact on the habitat of wildlife of local
area due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding
habitat and movement of short range
wildlife species will be impacted. The
operation of access road during the
construction period will also disturb the
If any laborer or his/her dependents are
found involved in chasing/harassing
and/or trapping the wildlife illegally,
the Proponent will report to the KCA,
office, or local management committee
of KCA for necessary legal action.
Programs like habitat management and
food availability of wildlife in
collaboration with KCA and its local
Conservation Area Management
Committee around upstream of
EMU EIA Constructi
on
Included in
2 A (i)
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responsible
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or
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Approved
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Cost (NRs.)
wildlife’s specially birds. headworks area.
iv Illegal
collection
of forest
products
by the
workforce/
Increase
Demand of
Firewood
and
Timber
During the construction phase,
construction related workforce may
involve for the illegal collection of forest
products. With the access road opening
near to the forest at and start of the project
construction, it is highly likely that the
forest resources of headworks area the
chances of commercial exploitation of
forest product in illegal way could be
envisaged.
During the construction of temporary
and permanent housing facilities and
other structures the use of timber will
be minimized and the use of other
construction materials will be
encouraged.
EMU,
Contarctor
EIA Constructi
on
200,000
vii Loss of
Wildlife
and
Wildlife
Habitats
Erection of project components will
definitely have an impact on the habitat
connectivity of wildlife species. Clearance
of 2.33 ha forest area of conservation area
(Permanent and Temporary) will have
impact on the habitat of wildlife of local
area due to habitat fragmentation. Feeding
habitat and movement of short range
wildlife species will be impacted. In
addition, construction of access road will
also disturb the wildlife specially
mammals and birds.
The plantation will focus the native
species of the area. Micro watersheds
of the area will be given special
attention for the restoration the natural
habitat. The governmentally protected
flora and fauna that occur around the
area will be prime emphasis for the
conservation and preservation. Direct
loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is
not envisaged by the project, as the
project site is not the core habitat.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
200,000
viii Illegal
Hunting
and
Poaching
Activities
and Illegal
Trade
Some KCA area along the exact vicinity of
both right and left bank of Kabeli River
around powerhouse area and quarry site is
envisaged to be impacted more than the
other area. With the increase of people
during construction period, the existing
KCA staff, KCA council and local security
personals at Sirijangha Rural Municipality
The proponent will ensure that hunting
and trapping of wildlife will not be
taken place in any circumstances. The
construction contractor will provide
special instructions to all its staff and
workforce on conservation issues.
Purchasing and sale of illegally hunted
wildlife products will be strictly
EMU, Project EIA Constructi
on
300,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
200
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
will be highly pressured to carry out
effective monitoring in the KCA.
prohibited and the violators will be
dismissed.
ix Disturbanc
e to
Aquatic
Flora/Faun
a
During the diversion of water from
headwork drying the first phase of
construction period about 300 m section
will be dechannelized. Aquatic flora and
fauna in this section will be impacted.
During this stage the turbidity level of
water will be increased. Thus downstream
flora and fauna will also be impacted.
Disturbance in the present faunal
habitat in the river due to silt during
construction phase will be reduced or
minimized as far as possible.
Environmental Monitoring team
during the construction will further
monitor during construction and
operation stage.
EMU EIA Constructi
on
400,000
x Impact of
Forest Fire
During the construction period,
uncontrolled activities of labor force,
accidental lighting to the forest and
grassland area at and around the project
area could light the fire to the adjoining
forest basically during summer season.
Hoarding boards will be placed at
critical location of the access road,
headwork area, surge shaft and
powerhouse areas as preventive actions
to control the forest fire. Public
awareness programs will be launched
to prevent the forest fires in the local
area. Project workers will be regularly
informed not to throw lighted cigarette
tips in the forest areas and not to use
forest area as picnic spots
EMU EIA Constructi
on
300,000
Subtotal 39,658,720
2.2 Operation Phase
i Disturbanc
e to Fish
Migration
Asala (Schizothorax plagiostomus) are
mid range migratory and Faketa (Barilius
sacra) Katle (Neolissochilus
hexagonolepsis) short range migratory fish
species.
The construction of the diversion of weir
in Kabeli River affect in movement of fish
species and migratory fish. In addition, fish
Fish Ladder will be constructed in the
headwork.
Fish fingerlings (5000 number in each
releasing site) will be released in
headworks area, dewatered zone and
powerhouse area once in a year and
environment flow will be mandatory.
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
design and
operation
cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
201
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responsible
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or
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Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
and aquatic life migration is influenced by
sediment, water temperature, stream flow,
dissolved oxygen and other direct and
indirect factors which influence swimming
capabilities of the fish
ii Aquatic
Flora and
Fauna
Removal of river boulder for quarry,
diversion of the river, reduced flow along
the stream stretch will have adverse impact
on fish and aquatic life during operation
phase.
To minimize the impact, the Kabeli
Khola habitat will be maintained
making the stretch favorable to aquatic
flora and fauna. Big boulders will be
put or excavated and will be put on the
surface of stream. This will create
favorable habitat for aquatic species.
Further, environmental release of 10 %
of monthly average flow will be
released to the dewatered zone so that
the aquatic lives will not be hampered
from the project.
EMU EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
iii Disturbanc
e to
wildlife
habitat
Increased noise level not only drives them
away from the area but also have impact
on their breeding behavior. The increase in
noise level in general and high pitch noise
drive away the terrestrial wildlife at
considerable distance from the project
sites.
Unnecessary movement of operation
phase work force will be controlled. So
that disturbance on the movement of
wildlife having local level migratory or
movement range will not be disturbed.
EMU EIA Operation 300,000
iv Disturbanc
e to
wildlife
movement
Erected project infrastructures, such as
weir, settling basin, tunnel, and
powerhouse and project support facilities
will act as barrier or disturb the movement
of wildlife in and around the project area.
The electric light arrangement will also be
high in powerhouse and intake area, which
will disturb movement of wildlife in
To minimize the impact afforestation
will be carried out near the vicinity of
the main project component so that it
will help for the habitat restoration of
the local area. In addition, at least 2
wooden bridge or crossing will be
placed so that wild animals can pass
across the Kabeli Khola stretch. No
EMU EIA Operation 300,000
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responsible
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surrounding areas. additional measures are proposed for
this impact.
v Easy
access to
forest due
to internal
access road
The project will construct about 6 km
internal access road that will reach surge
shaft, construction yards and camps.
Access road will provide an easy access to
forest patch. The area being officially
declared as KCA, the rules and regulation
of KCA will prohibit such activities. With
the opening of access road and
commencement of the project operation, it
is highly likely that the forest resources of
the area will be exploited illegally, despite
the presence of KCA.
To minimize the impact on these forest
patches regular monitoring will be
carried out along these patches.
Furthermore, KCA rules and
regulations will automatically prohibit
illegal activities along the forest
patches.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
vi Release of
water to
downstrea
m during
maintenan
ce
The project may have impact with regard
to movement and safety of wildlife due to
release of water in downstream area of
intake during operation. Particularly the
low flow area downstream of intake site
will have this kind of impact. Due to
diversion of water the discharge of stream
between intake and powerhouse will be
change. There will be flow variation
downstream of the powerhouse due to
release of water after power generation.
During maintenance, siren network
will be established in the dewatered
zone and Siren will be blown before 1
hours by the project staff at least four
time at a time interval of 15 minutes as
warning alarm before the release of
water from the dam during the normal
project for maintenance.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
vii Reduction
of Water
Flow in the
dewatered
Zone
Reduction of water flow along 5654 m
stretch of Kabeli Khola will have
cumulative impact on aquatic life such as
along the lower section of stream, impact
on phytoplankton, zooplankton and
aquatic insects.
Project will release 10 % of monthly
average flow as environment flow. In
addition project will concentrate
mentioned watershed management
activities so that immediately
additional release can be made as
replenished discharge.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
203
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
viii Impact on
KCA flora
and fauna
The operational activity at headwork site
has greater possibility of disturbances on
flora and fauna of nearby forests rather
than to the powerhouse area. During the
operation phase, operation related
workforce and their dependent could
involve in illegal collection of firewood,
NTFPs, hunting and poaching activity
would trigger the status of adjoining flora
and fauna badly.
Forest encroachment, illegal clearance
of forest area, illegal hunting and
poaching activities to the forest will be
strictly banned from project side i.e. by
the project related people, workers and
activities.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation 400,000
ix Forest Fire The indicators of fire hazards in the base
line information are vegetation, climate,
and settlement pattern including house
types. The vegetation is mainly mixed
hardwood forest and presence of shrub
land and ground vegetation is significant
in the area. There is fire hazard risk but it
depends upon the activities and their
working area.
Hoarding boards will be placed at
critical location of the access road on
the preventive actions to control the
forest fire. Public awareness programs
will be launched to prevent the forest
fires in the local area. Project workers
will be regularly informed not to throw
lighted cigarette tips in the forest areas
and not to use forest area as picnic
spots.
EMU EIA Operation 200,000
x Disturbanc
e to
migratory
birds
As the project area lies in the route of
many migratory birds, the clearance of the
trees in this area will disturb in the habitat,
nesting, forage, their behavior and
migration. Habitat disturbance will
significantly affect the diversity, richness,
abundance and species composition of
avifauna in disturbed habitats.
Minimum tree will be cleared. Workers
will be prohibited from entering forest
area. Workforce will be instructed and
controlled and will be punished if
found to be indulged on activities that
damages the habitat of birds.
EMU,
Contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
Subtotal 1,200,000
3. Social and economic environment
3.1 Construction Phase
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
204
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
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or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
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Cost (NRs.)
i Acquisitio
n of land,
& other
private
property
The SKKHPP will require 8.3 ha from
private land i.e. 8.15 ha for permanent
purpose and 0.15 ha private cultivated
land for temporary purposes.
Total leasement cost of the temporary
private land is NRs. 97,500.
Temporarily used land will be later
rehabilitated. The rehabilitation cost
will be bear by project.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
55,272,500
ii Issues
related to
livelihood
of affected
settlements
The construction of SKHHEP will affect
the households of 25 families due to
permanent & temporary land acquisition
and other are also affected due to their
nearest settlement within the project
area. The livelihood of these affected
families will change by the project.
These families will cope with the
positive as well as negative impacts due
to construction of the project.
The construction of SKKHEP will
effect livelihood of Sirijangha ward 6,
7 and 8 and nearby settlements.
However, the adverse impacts are
negligible.
Project EIA Constructi
on
250,000
iii Loss of
standing
crops
2.19 MT paddy, 2.33 MT of wheat, 4.28
MT of maize and 1.50 MT of Millet,
0.59 MT of Barley, 1.48 MT of beans
and 3.55 MT of potato will be lost.
However no monetary evaluation of
medicinal plants has been carried out.
No commercial farming of NTFPs and
medicinal plant plot will be affected
because of the project.
In case of compensation required for
the standing crops estimated
production from the project requires
to compensation of 15.92 MT of food
crop (paddy, wheat, maize, millet,
barley, beans, potato), 1500 bundles
of Nigalo, 1600 kg of vegetables, 2.5
MT of Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder
from both permanent and temporary
required lands will be compensated.
Project EIA Constructi
on
2,128,229
iv Occupatio
nal health
& safety
hazard
Personnel involved in handling of fuel,
lubricants and hazardous material have
risks of facing health hazards. Poor
drinking water, lack of hygienic
environment in labor-camps,
unmanaged work-camps and haphazard
The project will provide Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) such as
hard hat, eye glass, safety boot, safety
belt, gloves, firefighting accessories,
caution signals and other safety
equipment as required at particular
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
300,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
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responsible
National
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or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
stockpiling are the major areas that will
increase the chances of the workforce
being exposed to health risks. Potential
impacts to health are respiratory
diseases, eye infections, dysentery,
diarrhea and cholera.
sites and work areas.
Safety training will be implemented
and any loss of life or injury will also
be compensated as per prevailing rules.
The safety training for the project
workers will be conducted prior to the
construction work.
v Increase in
pressure on
local
health &
sanitation
facilities
The additional workforces and their
family from outsides to the local area
will increase the pressure on local health
& sanitation facilities. The impact is
envisaged to the public taps, sanitation
facilities, and local market.
To minimize the impact the contractor
will be made responsible via contract
clause for the primary health service
(first aid) and campsite management.
The project proponent will make
available the labors with potable
drinking water, clean toilets with
adequate water facilities. Toilets will
be made in temporary camps with the
ratio of one toilet for 15 people.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
DPR
vi Pressure
on
communit
y
infrastruct
ures &
resources
During construction phase, SKKHEP
will have major impacts community
infrastructures and resources. In road
network, we expect a flow of about 70
vehicles /day during the period of
construction period frequently. The
movement of people along foot trails
from proposed access road will not be
disturbed by the implementation of the
project.
The schools of the project affected
wards, which provide education to the
children of project staff, and workers
will be supported. Support to such
social infrastructures will be as per the
enhancement program of project and
will be operated under the
Environment and Social Management
Unit of the Project.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
300,000
vii Impact due
to conflict
of interest
The influx of outside construction
workers with different social and
cultural background may create tension
and conflicts causing impact on existing
law and order situation in the project
To minimize the conflict of interest
project will facilitate the Project wards
to formulate a Super Kabeli
Hydropower Concern Committee. The
project management will deal with
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
300,000
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responsible
National
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or
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Document
Timing of
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Cost (NRs.)
area. The anti-social activities such as
alcoholism, gambling, girls trafficking,
prostitution and hooliganism may
provoke social disturbances.
local people with the help and
coordination with committee and vice-
versa. Conflict of interest will be
discussed well within the committee
and project management unit.
viii Impact on
social,
cultural &
religious
practices
The settlement is very far from the
project area and the camping sites will
be constructed in the construction sites,
there is very less chance to meet the
outside laborers and local people. So the
impact on social, cultural & religious
practices of the locals is very less.
To minimize the impact on social and
cultural practices of local communities,
a strong code of conduct will be
enforced to the outside construction
workers. Alcohol and gambling will be
prohibited in camp area. Priority will
be given to the local people in project
works.
Project EIA Constructi
on
200,000
ix Issues on
law and
order
The influx of outside construction
workers with different social and
cultural background will create tension
and conflicts causing impact on existing
law and order situation in the project
area. The anti-social activities such as
alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and
hooliganism may provoke social
disturbances
The project personnel will be advised
through special circulation that the
illegal extraction of floral and faunal
resources of the KCA or dealing of the
illegal extracted resources will be
punishable as per KCA rules.
Coordination will be maintain with the
local and district level administrative
units of GoN. The proposed awareness
program will also minimized this
impact to some extent.
Project EIA Constructi
on
200,000
x Issues
related to
gender &
disadvanta
ge groups
The impact of the project construction is
also expected on the poor and
disadvantage people who might be
directly not affected by the project but
affected in other ways such as price hike,
shortage of consumable goods, social
inferiority and less opportunity of
project related benefits.
Participation of Dalit and women in
Super Kabeli Hydropower Concern
Committee will be encouraged by the
project. Special training to Women,
Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,
Sarki, Bhote, Mawo (Disadvantageous
groups) and Indigenous groups will be
provided under the Environmental
Project EIA Constructi
on
150,000
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Timing of
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Cost (NRs.)
Enhancement Program.
xi Impacts
due to
blasting
and
constructio
n activities
During the construction of powerhouse
and powerhouse facilities settlement
area will bear disturbance due to noise,
dust pollution, crowd, heavy vehicle
movement, etc. Similarly, noise and dust
emission due to movement of vehicles
and construction activities will affect
these both settlements.
Anchor blocks will protect the
penstock pipe along the difficult and
sensitive terrain and also maintain the
natural flow of water from gullies.
Blockage to the natural flow due to
penstock pipe/penstock alignment will
be strictly prohibited.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
xii Issues of
foot trails
along due
to project
componen
ts
Existing foot trails near the project area
of the SKKHEP will be affected due to
the project. The foot trails will be used
for the transportation of the construction
materials and labors to reach each tower
location. The stability of the foot trails
may be degraded due to this.
6 km internal access road will be
constructed for the project which after
completion of construction will easily
be used by local of the areas. So foot
trails that are influenced due to project
construction will be relocated on
suitable location that ease assess in
project structure and its temporary
facilities.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
400,000
xiii Issues on
houses
and
settlement
s along
water
conveyanc
e
alignment
There are less settlements within
Proposed SKKHEP, so no major
impacts on house and settlement.
Project has come up with the
following measure to have proper
managements of the settlements
around the core area so that the
settlements will not disturb the
ongoing development of the project.
Local government will be advised of
the expanding settlements and its
environmental consequences to step
in for management.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
xix Issues of
blasting
and other
constructi
Noise pollution will be major concern
during construction phase. The blasting
activities during construction of would
likely to exceed this threshold of noise
The petroleum bunkers will be placed
in a separate area in a concrete bonded
area with a facility of oil and grease
separator. The impact will be
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
208
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
on
activities
level. incorporated since the design phase of
the project. Anchor blocks will protect
the Penstock pipe along the difficult
and sensitive terrain and also maintain
the natural flow of water from gullies.
Xiv Impacts
related to
tourism
activity
The professional peoples, students from
different colleges and even other big
investors may visit the area to see how
the project is running in its construction
phase. This may create problems in the
local area.
The tourist will not be allowed roaming
alone in the project area without any
personnel of the project. The materials
needed for the tourist will be made
available as far as possible so that it do
not pressurized the local resources.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
Xv Water Use
Rights
The Impacts of water rights while
operating this project is non-existence at
the time of this study. Water use conflict,
back water conflict or overlapping of
coordinates is not anticipated with this
project. River water is not used for any
other proposes of water mill or irrigation
canal within the stretch.
To minimize the impact of water use,
the project will further release of 10%
of monthly flow from Kabeli River.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
Xvi Impact of
solid
waste
If the domestic waste is dumped in the
streams, degradation of the waste will
cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in
water. This will adversely affect aquatic
life in the streams. In addition,
improperly disposed domestic waste
will spoil the natural beauty of the area,
cause foul smell, and attract flies,
rodents and other scavengers which
could produce public health concerns,
for the construction workers as well as
the local people.
Segregation of solid waste and
recycling, reduce and reuse system of
solid waste management system will be
strictly followed. Solid Waste
Management Regulation of GoN, 2070
will be strictly followed. Regular
cleaning and maintenance program for
drainage systems, sumps and oil
interceptors.
Project,
contractor
EIA Constructi
on
Included in
project
Constructio
n costs
xvii. Land In the course of construction of project Unnecessary land will not be allowed Project, EIA Constructi Included in
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
209
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
Encroach
ment
components the possibility of forest
encroachment, encroachment of barren
land and river flood plain may occur.
The highly valued standing forest
resources such as timber, firewood,
litter, fodder, NTFPs may be
unnecessarily harvested.
for encroachment. Illegal clearing,
encroachment to forest area will be
strictly banned to the project and
project workers. Haphazard clearance
and NTFPs collection will be checked.
contractor on project
Constructio
n costs
Subtotal 59,500,729
3.2 Operation Phase
i Decrease
or
withdrawal
in
economic
activities
The withdrawal of economic activities
will drastically reduce the demand for
local agricultural, dairy and meat
products resulting reduced income of the
local communities of the area. This
boom and bust effects of the project may
also have some impact on the lifestyle of
the local people in terms of their income
and expenditure patterns.
The project will run counseling
programs to tell the workers about the
availability of works in similar projects
running elsewhere in Nepal demanding
the skills they acquired from the
Project. The local farmers, business
people and traders will be made aware
of the income generating activities that
could be operated by the availability of
the electricity in their area.
Project EIA Operation 300,000
ii Occupatio
nal, health
& safety
hazards
Occupational Health and Safety aspect is
one of the likely impacts to be
experienced during the operation and
maintenance period of the project. Lack
of training on operation and
maintenance skill and unavailability of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
may also cause risks for human live.
Safety equipment required for the
operation and maintenance of the
headworks and powerhouse will be
provided. Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) and other safety
equipment as required during operation
phase will be provided.
Project EIA Operation 300,000
iii Reduction
of
agricultur
al land
There will be reduction of 8.15 ha
agricultural land permanently and 0.15
ha land temporarily.
The temporarily used land will be
rehabilitated by project itself and
handed over to the respective owner.
PAFs will be given special
agriculture enhancement training
Project,
contractor
EIA Operation Included in
3.1, i
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
210
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
(particularly focus on Cardamom) so
that they can increase their
production from the remaining land.
iv Release of
water
downstrea
m during
maintenan
ce in the
dewatered
stretch on
the people
& wildlife
The release of water from settling basin
flushing will sometimes hamper the
local people & livestock rearing
downstream. The dewatered zone
section is about 5654 km, the impact
could be more sever near to the proposed
powerhouse.
Siren network will be established in the
dewatered zone by the project. Local
people will be given awareness training
to safeguard their cattle from the flood
plain area after the siren is blown.
Project
contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
v Issues
arising
due to
Penstock
pipe
crossing &
project
structures
on springs
& water
sources
In the gullies soil erosion and land
instability will be increased due to
blockage of natural drainage. The
natural flow of flood and water in these
sections will be blocked and water will
be diverted on either side. The
unmanaged flow of water to the area will
create the formation of large size gully
and lower section of agriculture will
have siltation problem if not properly
managed.
The impact will be incorporated since
the design phase of the project. Anchor
blocks and Saddle support will protect
the penstock along the difficult and
sensitive terrain but also maintain the
natural flow of water from gullies.
Blockage to the natural flow due to
penstock pipe/ penstock alignment will
be strictly prohibited.
Project,
contractor
EIA Operation 200,000
vi Dislocatio
n /
disturbanc
e to foot
trails
Due to implementation the project, there
will be movement of the heavy vehicles
carrying construction materials and also
the movement of labors to the
construction sites. This may damage the
local foot trails. In that case stability
measure will be taken.
Destructed land area will be stabilized
immediately and destructed structures
will be also repaired instantly or other
protective measures will be also
constructed if necessary. Stability
measures will be taken as per
requirements.
Project,
contractor
EIA Operation 200,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
211
S. N Issues Impacts Mitigation Measures Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Document
Timing of
action
Cost (NRs.)
vii Water Use
Right
Water use conflict, back water conflict
or overlapping of coordinates is not
anticipated with this project. River water
is not used for any other proposes of
water mill or irrigation canal within the
stretch.
The environmental flow (10% of
monthly flow) is strictly monitored so
that the aquatic fauna could live and
could do their activities. But natural
condition of ecosystem could not be
anticipated and impact will remain as
residual.
Project
contractor
EIA Operation Will be
included in
project
operation
cost
viii Issue of
increase in
tourism/ec
otourism
and its
associated
pressure
on local
resources
After the operation of the project,
ecotourism will be more promoted than
before. Due to which, there will be more
pressure in the local resources. Local
resource such as drinking water
resources, road and forest may be
impacted due to SKKHEP.
To minimize the pressure in the local
resources due to visit of more
tourists, health and drinking water
facilities will be established, tourist
will not allowed to enter the forest
without guide, hunting and poaching
will be strictly prohibited.
Project
contractor
EIA Operation 300,000
ix Impacts to
indigenou
s and
vulnerable
communit
ies/groups
of Project
Area
During operational stage of project daily
wages labor will be deployed for
operational works. The project area also
dwells the indigenous group like Limbu,
Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote,
Mawo which may be discriminated
while hiring the workers.
Local women will be hired to the extent
possible. Priority to job opportunity
will be provided to the people of
affected indigenous, vulnerable and
backward group or families in the
project area in order to raise their living
standard. Special training to Women,
Dalit, Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung,
Sarki, Bhote, Mawo communities.
Project
contractor
EIA Operation 250,000
Sub total 1,550,000
The item in built in project design and included in tender documents are not considered in this estimated mitigation cost. Those costs are
tie up with other activities and included in total project cost.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
212
CHAPTER: VIII 8 COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM
8.1 Background
Stretch of Jongin and Gowatar village of Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8 is partially
affected by the project. All the project component lies within KCA area.
Except for few households in all project affected Rural Municipality (Sirijangha Rural
Municipality- 6, 7 and 8) rest of the people of project area are farmers. Main livelihood of the
majority of the household is based on the subsistent agriculture and livestock. Irrespective of
the ownership on land, the land around the habitation is crucial for their livelihood. Grassland,
shrub land, forestland and the river flood plains are the common properties, which provide a
number of production and services to the local communities. The disadvantageous, poor and
destitute people are dependent on these land resources and any effects to these common lands
have direct and indirect implications on the livelihood of these people.
The mitigation measures detailed in Chapter VII Mitigation measures has an objective to
address the livelihood restoration of the affected people at least to the level prior to the project
implementation. The measures for resource restoration, though implemented take long time to
recuperate. The immediate loss of the community resources in any form affects the people at
the bottom of societal status and these are the people who are also economically deprived.
These people though they do not loose directly from the project are affected indirectly in
various ways and normally the development projects do not address their impacts. It is for this
reason the environmental programs have been framed to bring these people within the project
assistance programs while doing services to the community of the area as a whole. Thus,
mitigation enhancement measures are also incorporated by the environmental enhancement
measures.
The focus group discussions and community meetings (XV) conducted at various occasions
during EIA study reveal a number of development aspirations from the project area people
(Table 8.1) though provisioning of this development aspiration of the local people is the
responsibility of the government of Nepal. However, for various reasons the GoN is not able
to provide these development needs to local people. The proposed development project, as it is
based on the local water resources; the local area communities demand their development
aspirations from the developer of the project as an exchange for sharing their resource. Besides,
many development lending agencies and the non-governmental organizations also put
emphasis for such projects to contribute to the local development.
The programs designed for implementation, are certainly not going to meet all the aspiration
of the people, however will partially fulfill the aspiration within the limits of the project
capacity. The project intends to implement the environmental enhancement programs as a part
of its corporate responsibility and seek full co-operation from the local communities in the
implementation of the selected programs. The Environmental Enhancement program
formulated in the section below is developed by the proponent to address the various losses of
the development area communities and also to meet the development aspiration of the local
area communities. The environmental programs designed are more of thematic nature and
ensure to fund the thematic areas as specified in sections below. The programs will be fully
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
213
developed within the given budgetary limits in specific locations as identified by the local
people and proponent. The project envisages constitution of one Environmental Enhancement
Committee (EEC) (may be in a form of sarokar samitte) combining all stakeholder, formed in
a democratic way by the local people. The EEC of the affected villages and project management
will have a responsibility to select the specific program in the chosen thematic development
sector. The project will provide support on the selected program through EEC with the co-
ordination of project management.
To give a sense of local ownership to the programs to be implemented on the project support,
allocated funds will be matched with local contribution in cash and kinds. The EEC will have
a responsibility to arrange such matching funds from local contribution and will keep all
documents and accounts related to the supported programs. Such an approach is found to work
effectively in other areas, particularly in the program decision making by the local community
and in operating and maintaining the programs after the completion. To address the
development aspiration of the local people and community, the proponent has planned various
environmental enhancement programs. The programs planned here are basically based on the
outcome of various consultation meeting, focused group discussion and public hearing carried
out with stakeholder, local people and community in different phases of EIA study. Such
outcomes are focused and targeted, as the local people are more familiar with the pragmatic
need for the development of their local area. However, some of the programs proposed here
are based on field level study by the EIA team as well.
The programs proposed here will help to accomplish the development requirements of the local
people of the project area located in rural setting in various ways. All these programs will be
developed as a part of corporate social responsibility with active participation of local people,
stakeholder and community incorporating their relevant need and requirement. The
enhancement programs are prioritized for Sirijangha Rural Municipality. The proposed
programs of environmental enhancement will help to support sustainable socio-economic
activities in the project area, improve the living standard of the local communities, benefit local
residents and encompass the atmosphere of trust to the project. All these will play a key role in
balancing environment, society and the corporate business. The programs will be fully
developed within the given budgetary limits in specific locations as identified by the local area
communities of the projects affected settlements, (Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8).
Apart from the above, the EEC will have a function of co-ordination of the project activities
on behalf of the project area people and provide inputs to the project Environmental and Social
Unit (ESU) for better environmental and social performance.
Table 8.1: Development Aspiration of the Local communities of the Project Area SN Sector (Sirijangha Rural Municipality-6, 7 and 8)
1 Education Providing financial support to the Ganesh Ma. Vi. school to
increase the educational status of the Sirijangha Rural
Municipality ward 6, 7 and 8
2 Health Providing financial support for health post for Sirijangha Rural
Municipality
3 Road Support in construction of road from Thurpu bazaar to Hapu khola,
Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S and to
Yakchana Bhanjyang
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
214
SN Sector (Sirijangha Rural Municipality-6, 7 and 8)
4 Water Supply Support for the safe drinking water
5 Employment
Opportunity
The project should give priority to local people for employments
in the proposed project based on their skill and capability. Limbu,
Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo of the project will be
emphasized through employment opportunity.
6 Project Share Project share right shall be given according to the existing law of
GoN
7 Rapport Building Formulate One Sarokar Samiti of SKKHP immediately so that it
is easy to deal in local issues.
8 Others Follow ILO 169 rules and regulation during construction and
operation of SKKHP
9 Coordination with local people during construction and operation
of the project is must.
EIA Field Survey, 2077
8.1 Programs committed by the Project and allocation of Budgets
8.1.1 Support to Schools & Education
The demand from local communities is financial support for the establishment of better
education in the local area. The project alone could not meet these needs, however, intends to
support them. The project has committed to support Ganesh Ma. Vi. School. The project will
provide blackboards, furniture sets and sports materials. The total cost estimated for support is
NRs. 1,200,000. The project will play a positive role for establishing betterment of education
in the area, (Sirijangha Rural Municipality, 6, 7 and 8). The project will coordinate with related
line agencies for their support.
Table 8.2: Assistance to Schools of the Project Affected Area
S
N
Rural Municipality Blackbo
ards
(NRs)
Furniture
(NRs)
Sports
NRs)
Other building
and playground
support (NRs)
Total
(NRs)
1 Sirijangha Rural
Municipality
100,000 500,000 400,000 200,000 1,200,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
8.1.2 Assistance for improvement of Health Facility
The public demand for providing awareness program and staffs in health post and financial
support to health post for Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and 8. The estimated money will
be NRs. 700,000 for initiating improvement on local health facilities.
Table 8.3: Cost estimate for the assistance for the improvement of health facilities S
N
Affected Rural
Municipality
Health
Awareness
(NRs)
Financial Support
(NRs)
Health Equipment
Support (NRs)
Total
(NRs)
1 Sirijangha Rural
Municipality
200,000 300,000 200,000 700,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
8.1.3 Assistance for Safe Drinking Water Supply
The local people demand to support for the safe drinking water, protection of water source and
provide financial support for construction of water tanks for the locals of ward 6, 7 and 8 of
Sirijangha Rural Municipality. A total of NRs. 1,500,000 is allocated for the safe drinking
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
215
water supply for the nearby settlements. The mobilization and selection of project to be
contributed will be carried out with the help of EEC during the support time.
Table 8.4: Cost estimates for safe drinking water supply support
S
N
Affected Rural
Municipality
Source
Conservation
(NRs)
Support to User
Groups
(NRs)
Infrastructure
Support (NRs)
Total
(NRs)
1 Sirijangha Rural
Municipality
500,000 500,000 500,000 1,500,00
0
EIA Field Survey, 2077
8.1.4 Assistance to the existing road improvement & new road construction within the
Project Rural Municipality
The project understands this aspiration of the locals of Sirijangha Rural Municipality- 6, 7 and
8 and will support the communities of this settlements on this regard. Further, the local
community has taken initiative to extend the road from Thurpu bazaar to Hapu khola, Sidingwa
khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar, Panchkanya S.S and to Yakchana Bhanjyang.
In total, about 6 km long and 5.5 m wide internal project access road will be constructed to
reach surge shaft, construction yards and camps. However, the project support will be limited
to the alignment survey of the rural roads, preliminary design and cost estimations and
provisioning of bulldozer for track opening for allocated period of time only for establishment
of new community road building. The estimated budget for existing road improvement & new
construction of road in the affected Rural Municipality is presented in Table 8.5. The project
will not contribute in cash for any of the above support. The foot trail development will also
be consider for support within the allocated budget of following table. This support will be
allocated at pre construction time of project.
Table 8.5: Cost Estimates for Rural Road Assistance S
N
Affected
Rural
Municipality
Alignment
survey
(NRs)
Bulldozer
Support
(NRs)
Gabion Wall and
Bioengineering
techniques (NRs)
Establishm
ent of
drainage
system
(NRs)
Total
(NRs)
1 Sirijangha
Rural
Municipality
1,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
8.1.5 Assistance to the local trail and road improvement
SKKHP will help the local communities for the improvement of local road up to project sites
from Lelep village and powerhouse improvement of foot trail to headworks and powerhouse.
The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for the roads development.
8.1.6 Agriculture Assistance Program
Agricultural assistance program will be implemented in the project area to minimize the
standing crop loss due to land leasing and acquisition and to meet increasing demand for
food and fodder. The basic objective of the program will be to increase the agriculture
production of the people affected people by land acquisition/leasing by providing them
easy access of agricultural extension, services including improved variety of seeds,
technology etc. The project will allocate NRs 3,000,000 for the agriculture assistance program.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
216
8.1.7 Training related to livelihood improvement
SKKHP will also provide various training for improvement of skills related to various
activities, like hotel and hospitality, maintenance of electronic device, electro-mechanical
works, house wiring and maintenance, road slope stabilization and spoil handling, rearing of
cash crops, skills related to processing of NTFPs/MAPs, and other related training. The project
affected people will be encouraged in knowledge sharing, livestock such as yak, sheep
rearing and commercial agriculture such as alaichi, chiraito etc. The target of the program
is to increase local production in agriculture sector. Programs will be launched in
coordination with affected Rural Municipality, Local clubs and NGOs working within the
district. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for the training.
8.1.8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups
SKKHP will launch various programs, training and campaign that will ultimately empowered
women, against women violence and other disadvantages groups. Improvement of Maternity
health facilities, Women community building in project affected wards of Sirijangha Rural
Municipality. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for trainings.
8.1.9 Support to local community based organizations
SKKHP will also support various local community organizations that are working on project-
affected area particularly involving in protection, conservation of wild animals like Ghorals,
Red panda, Snow leopards, birds, fishes and amphibians. This will help in strengthening the
capacity of local organizations. The project will allocate NRs 1,000,000 for supporting local
community based organizations.
8.1.10 Other activities for community and infrastructure development
SKKHP will also help in overall development of settlements majorly Limbu, Rai, Gurung,
Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo and other minor communities.
Project will support infrastructures like drinking water facilities, temples, bridges, gumba, and
public toilets in order to enhance cultural importance. This activity will be determined on
interaction of local and proponent of SKKHP during its operation stage of project. The project
will allocate NRs 1,200,000 for this heading.
8.1.11 Project Share
The proponent is committed to provide the 10% paid share right to the local people.
8.2 Cost Summary of Community Support Program
The cost for Community Support Program is allocated with the co-ordination of the local
people. The cost summary for CSP is summarized in Table 8.6:
Table 8.6: Cost Summary for Community Support Programs S. N. CSP Program Costs (NRs.)
1 School Support 1,200,000
2 Health Care Facility Support 700,000
3 Safe Drinking Water Supply Support 1,500,000
4 Upgrading & establishment of Road Development 6,000,000
5 Local trail and road improvement 1,000,000
6 Agriculture Assistance Program 3,000,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
217
S. N. CSP Program Costs (NRs.)
7 Training related to livelihood improvement 1,000,000
8 Empowerment of women and disadvantages groups 1,000,000
9 Support to local community based organizations 1,000,000
10 Other activities 1,200,000
11 Total CSP cost 17,600,000
12 Total Project Cost 2,338,580,000
13 CSP as % of total project cost 0.75%
EIA Field Survey, 2077
The Community Support Program will be carried out mostly during the construction period for
the Rapport Buildlng with the local community. Implementation of CSP will be carried out in
coordination with local stakeholders and affected Rural Municipality.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
219
Table 8.7: Incoporation of issues raised by local stakeholdrs
S.N Stakeholder
/Stakeholder
consultation Location
Date (B.S.) Issues raised in
consultation
Response to the demand
of local stakeholder by
Proponent and
Comment Incorporation
Remarks Issues considered/not
considered
1 Sirijungha Rural
Municipalities ward no:
6 of Taplejung District
2077/04 /19 Proper compensation should
be provided for the project-
affected land during project
implementations.
Compensation to the
affected private property
and damages because of
project will be
compensated by project.
Refer to section 7.2.3.1 Considered
Proper compensation should
be provided for the project
affected plants and trees.
Compensation to the
affected the affected loss
and trees because of
project will be
compensated by project.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1 Considered
Afforestation program must
be held for the loss of trees
Compensatory
afforestation and removal
of trees only in necessary
areas.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1 Considered
Electricity facilities should
be provided to the local
people.
Being the project affected
Rural Municipality, there
will be regular supply of
electricity and enhanced
the power supply in the
project area.
Refer to section 7.1.1,
iv
Considered
Employment opportunity
should be given to the local
people according to their
skill and ability
Skilled human resources
are not available in local
area. Unskilled and
semiskilled job
opportuities will be
priotrized to local
Refer to section 7.1.1 i Considered
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
220
S.N Stakeholder
/Stakeholder
consultation Location
Date (B.S.) Issues raised in
consultation
Response to the demand
of local stakeholder by
Proponent and
Comment Incorporation
Remarks Issues considered/not
considered
Share should be provided to
the local people.
Paid Share right (10% on
equity) has been
provisoned by the project.
Refer to Section 8.2.11 Considered
Project should reconstruct
the temples, road, bridge,
gumba, etc. as
compensation of its
destruction.
Project will be organized
program, related to social
responsibility sectors.
Refer to Section 8.3 Considered
2 Sirijungha Rural
Municipalities ward no:
7 of Taplejung District
2077/04/ 20 During the construction of
project effect on living and
grazing of Wild life
shouldbe minimized.
The governmentally
protected flora and fauna
that occur around the area
will be prime emphasis for
the conservation and
preservation.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1
vii
Considered
Hunting of Wild animal and
birds should be prohibited.
The proponent will ensure
that hunting and trapping
of wildlife will not be
taken place in any
circumstances.
The construction
contractor will provide
special instructions to all
its staff and workforce on
conservation issues.
Purchasing and sale of
illegally hunted wildlife
products will be strictly
prohibited and the
Refer to Section 7.2.2
viii
Considered
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
221
S.N Stakeholder
/Stakeholder
consultation Location
Date (B.S.) Issues raised in
consultation
Response to the demand
of local stakeholder by
Proponent and
Comment Incorporation
Remarks Issues considered/not
considered
violators will be
dismissed.
If there is chances of
causing any effect on
wildlife then their habitat
must be conserved including
social awareness program
The governmentally
protected flora and fauna
that occur around the area
will be prime emphasis for
the conservation and
preservation.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1
vii
Considered
On the Project affected area
suitable trees should be
planted .
Compensatory
afforestation, minimum
site clearance by stripping
and removal of trees only
in necessary areas will be
focused by the project.
Refert to section
7.2.1.1i
Considered
Proper compensation of
Land and project affected
people should be provided
with employement
Identified loss of land will
be compensated by mutual
understandings.
Refer to section 7.2.3.1 Considered
3 Sirijungha Rural
Municipalities ward no:
8 of Taplejung District
2077/04/ 21 Proper compensation should
be provided for the project-
affected land during project
implementations.
Identified loss of land will
be compensated by mutual
understandings.
Refer to section 7.2.3.1 Considered
Proper compensation should
be provided for the project
affected plants and trees.
Based on the government's
recent policy decision of
1:25 compensated land for
the using government land
permanently.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1 Considered
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S.N Stakeholder
/Stakeholder
consultation Location
Date (B.S.) Issues raised in
consultation
Response to the demand
of local stakeholder by
Proponent and
Comment Incorporation
Remarks Issues considered/not
considered
Afforestation program must
be held for the loss of trees.
Compensatory
afforestation and removal
of trees only in necessary
areas.
Refer to section 7.2.2.1 Considered
Employment opportunity
should be given to the local
people according to their
skill and ability.
The employment will
increase the income level
of the people and priority
will be given to residence
of affected Rural
Municipality.
Refer to section 7.1.1 i Considered
Share should be provided to
the local people.
The proponent is also
committed to provide the
10% paid share to the local
people.
Refer to Section 8.2.11 Considered
Electricity facilities should
be provided to the local
people.
Being the project affected
Rural Municipality, there
will be regular supply of
electricity and enhanced
the power supply in the
project area.
Refer to section 7.1.2
iv
Considered
Project should reconstruct
the temples, road, bridge,
gumba, etc. as
compensation of its
destruction.
Project will support
infrastructures like
drinking water facilities,
temples, bridges, gumba,
and toilets in order to
enhance cultural
importances.
Refer to Section 8.2.7 Considered
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Table 8.8: Issues raised in Public hearing and its incorporation S.N Issues raised in consultation Response to the demand of
local stakeholder by
Proponent and Comment
Incorporation
Remarks Issues considered/not
considered
1 From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to
Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar,
Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project
Area, Project should construct black top Road.
Project will support
infrastructures to enhance
cultural importances.
Refer to Section 8.2.9 Considered
2 Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining
Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7.
Project will support
infrastructures, bridges
enhance cultural importances.
Refer to Section 8.2.10 Considered
3 Distribution of free electricity to the locals. Being the project affected Rural
Municipality there will be
regular supply of electricity and
enhanced the power supply in
the project area.
Refer to section 8.2.10 Considered
4 Use of local resources and priority of employment
to the locals.
First priority will be given to
residence of Rural Municipality.
Refer to section 7.1.1, i Considered
5 Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7
to teach technical subject like Science.
Project will support
infrastructures to enhance
school
Refer to Section 8.2.1 Considered
6 Proper compensation to the land owner according to
agreements between them.
Identified loss of land will be
compensated by mutual
understandings.
Refer to section 7.2.3.1 Considered
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CHAPTER: IX 9 REVIEW OF RELEVANT POLICIES, ACTS, RULES, GUIDELINES AND
CONVENTIONS
9.1 General
Environmental management is relatively a new subject in Nepal. This chapter focuses on brief
description of the policy, legal and administrative framework within which SKKHP will be
implemented. The proponent will comply with the legal requirements of Government of Nepal
(GoN) and will be responsible for fulfilling provisions of all relevant acts while implementing
the project.
The current policies of GoN stress on the importance of environmentally sound economic
development and growth of the private sector through economic liberalization. The
construction and operation of the proposed project will be in accordance with Environment
Protection Act, 2053, Environment Protection Act, 2076, Forest Act, 2049, Forest Act, 2076,
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029, Hydropower Development Policy, 2058,
An act to regulate and control International Trade of Threatened Fauna and Flora, 2073,
Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over the National Forest Area for National Priority
Projects, 2076, Guidelines for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the
Protected Areas, 2065, Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandhi Adesh, 2074. Some of the
policies, acts, rules, guidelines and conventions relevant to the proposed project are described
below. The proponent will comply with all laws given below and also follow other laws,
besides the ones mentioned in the document, but are attracted to various project activities. The
proponent will take permission from the concerned agency/ies, if required, prior to construction
of access road.
9.2 Constitution
9.2.1 Constitution of Nepal
Article 30 of the Constitution of Nepal has provisioned right to clean and healthy environment
to every citizen. Article 30(1) of the Constitution has assured the right to to live in clean and
healthy environment. In article 30 (2) it is mentioned that the polluters shall pay for any loss
and damage due to environmental pollution caused by them. In article 30 (3) it is mentioned
that for the nation’s development necessary laws, rules, can be developed to maintain
environment and development. Constitution of Nepal has clearly mentioned and emphasized
on environmental awareness to general public, minimization/avoidance of the impact of
physical development works on environment and rare species with due emphasis on
conservation. The constitution also deals with the biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of
natural resources and equal distribution of benefits. Article 34 has mentioned that appropriate
wages should be provided to the labor. In Article 51 (G) Conservation Management and
Utilization of Natural Resources shall be taken as national policy for the development of nation.
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9.3 Plan, Policies and Strategies
9.3.1 15 th periodic Plan, 2076/77 to 2080/81
The plan was developed by National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal for 2076/77
to 2080/81. The plan has emphasized on employment focused economic growth. It has planned
to attract investments on energy/electricity as the important sectors. The plan has envisioned
the applications of environmental standards, strengthening of environmental impact assessment
(EIA) and implementation of cleaner production and energy efficiency program. The plan also
emphasizes on the need of sustainable utilization of natural resources of Nepal.
9.3.2 National Environment Policy, 2076
The main aim of National Environment Policy, 2076 is to stop, control and mitigate all types
of pollutions such as water, air, soil, noise, electromagnetic wave, chemical and radioactive
hazard, management of wastes from the household, institution, service area and all other
sources, expansion of park and greenery in urban and municipal areas, ensure environmental
Justice for pollution affected victims, ensure participation in sustainable management and
protection of environment and natural resource, enhance research and capacity building for
environmental protection and management, reuse and recycle the available resource as far as
possible and use of land according to Land use plan.
9.3.3 Hydropower Development Policy, 2058
The Hydropower Development Policy, 2058 emphasizes on the need of implementation of
mitigation measures in project affected areas. The policy states that resettlement and
rehabilitation works shall be conducted in line with the criteria approved by the GoN. The
policy clearly states that hydropower development shall be emphasized with due consideration
of environmental conservation and as an alternate to bio and thermal energy. Section 6.3 deals
with the provision for investment in generation, transmission and distribution of energy
whereas section 6.1.2.3 (a) deals with different kinds of licenses required at different levels of
project development. The policy also recommends environment flow of 10% of the average
minimum monthly flow or as recommended by the study.
9.3.4 National Forest Policy, 2075
The National Forest Policy, 2075 aims to strengthen the forest resources of Nepal. The policy
aims:
To manage forest resource sustainably, increase productivity of forest area/sector and
increase overall production from forest.
To conserve biodiversity, conservation of sources, and equal sharing and distribution
of environmental services gained from conservation.
The policy also aims to conservation of water, soil on basin level studying and planning
based on catchment level. The Hydropower sector while promoting conservation at
local level shall consider and act on the basis of watershed conservation.
To encourage private sector for the development and conservation of forest sector. It
also aims to promote the forest based entrepreneurships, diversification, value addition
through marketing and creation and promotion of green employment.
To reduce and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate related hazards and enhance
climate change adaptation measures and resilience in Nepal.
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Good governance, inclusion and social justice for the conservation of forest resources.
To enhance the conservation by encouraging forest conservation groups to manage
forest in scientific way and to strengthen ecosystem and other environmental services.
Hydropower projects in a basin shall work in close coordination with Ministry of
Forests and Environment for the sustainable utilization of resources, promotion of
biodiversity, conservation of water resources, and soil in the project area.
9.3.5 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, (2014-2020)
The NBSAP provides a guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has
been prepared to meet the national needs for managing biodiversity on a sustainable basis for
the benefit of present and future generations, and to fulfil the country’s international
obligations. It has a long-term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short-term (up to
2020) strategies and priorities for action.
The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan has been prepared with a 35-year vision of
“The conservation of biodiversity for sound and resilient ecosystems and national prosperity”.
The overall goal is to significantly enhance the integrity of Nepal’s ecological systems by 2020,
thereby contributing to human well-being and sustainable development of the country. This is
to be achieved through implementation of a number of sector specific and cross-sectoral
strategies and priority actions. Eight principles underpin the strategy and 13 broad strategic
approaches, experience gained and lessons learned from implementation of the Nepal
Biodiversity Strategy (2002) and Nepal Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Plan (2006) have
provided the necessary context for formulating this strategy.
The specific strategies and associated actions are grouped into the six biodiversity themes and
15 crosscutting subjects. The strategies for managing protected area and forest biodiversity aim
at reducing or managing human pressures on natural resources, reducing human-wildlife
conflict, controlling invasive alien species, mitigating climatic threats to ecosystems, species
and their habitats, and addressing economic and social concerns of local and indigenous
communities through targeted programs, enabling policy and legislative environment.
Reducing the rate of loss and degradation of forest habitats, improving biological connectivity,
enhancing knowledge and understanding about forests, promoting conservation of species and
genetic diversities, and enhancement of forest-based livelihoods are some of the focused areas.
9.3.6 National Water Plan, (2002- 2007)
The National Water Plan 2002-2007 (NWP) was prepared to implement the Water Sector
Strategy of Nepal. The Plan targets an increase in Nepal’s hydropower generation from 600
MW in 2007 to 4,000 MW by 2027. The NWP emphasizes on the need for Strategic
Environmental Assessment. Section 7 of the NWP highlights the Environment Management
Plan (EMP) as a strategic document for the implementation, monitoring and auditing of
environmental protection programs.
9.3.7 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050
Nepal Environmental Policy and Acton Plan was endorsed to further institutionalize
environmental protection in the development processes. NEPAP recognizes that a growing
number of people are exposed to pollution from industrial enterprises. NEPAP identifies the
following factors as contributing to this process;
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Industrial plan inappropriately cited close to population centres;
Insufficient emphasis on fuel efficiency;
Little, if any, pollution abatement equipment used for reducing emission; and
A total lack of industry pollution standards;
Hence, the NEPAP has emphasized on the need for mitigating adverse environmental impacts
to address urban and industrial development, air and water pollution and infrastructures
development.
9.3.8 Forest Sector Strategy, (2016– 2025)
The Forestry Sector Strategy (FSS) is formulated to guide the future development of Nepal's
forestry sector for the coming ten years. It is based on the framework of the Forest Policy 2015,
past learning from the implementation of the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector, which ended
in 2011, visualizing the future political and socio-economic scenario of Nepal, and the
generation of theory of change. The theory describes the steps and their linkages that will lead
to the planned outcomes. The FSS identifies seven key thematic areas which form the core area
of the strategy i.e. Managing Nepal's forests, Managing ecosystems and conserving
biodiversity, Forestry Sector Strategy, Responding to climate change, Managing watershed
Promoting enterprise and economic development, Enhancing capacities, institutions and
partnerships and Managing and using forestry sector information.
9.3.9 National Climate Change Policy, 2076
This policy envisions a country spared from the adverse impacts of climate change, by
considering climate justice, through the pursuit of environmental conservation, human
development, and sustainable development, all contributing toward a prosperous society.
Policy aims to address the adverse impacts of climate change and utilize the opportunities
created from it to improve livelihoods and achieve climate-friendly physical, social and
economic development.
The main goal of this policy is to improve livelihoods by mitigating and adapting to the adverse
impacts of climate change, adopting a low-carbon emissions socio-economic development
path and supporting and collaborating in the spirits of country's commitments to national and
international agreements related to climate change.
Promotion of climate adaptation and adoption of effective measures to address
adverse impacts of climate change through technology development and transfer,
public awareness raising, capacity building and access to financial resources. The
main policy strategies are as follows:
Climate adaptation and disaster and risk reduction
Low carbon development and climate resilience
Access to financial resources and utilization
Study and research related to climate change
Technology development, transfer and utilization
Climate-friendly natural resources management
9.3.10 Land Use Policy, 2072
It describes policy related to limits and protection of land and land resources, optimum use and
effective management thereto. Legal and institutional management for lands and land
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resources, and protection, use and management thereon are done under this policy. It explains
about the problems, challenges and opportunities due to urbanization as well as improper
management of land resources. The main goal of this policy is to manage lands in a sustainable
manner by developing a specific land use system through land use plans.
9.3.11 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2071
The main vision of the policy is contribute in the overall development of the nation and its
citizens by creating conducive environment for implementation of infrastructure development
projects. The policy is formulated to improve social and economic status of project affected
families by providing fair and adequate compensation, appropriate resettlement and
rehabilitation assistances/allowances while acquiring land for infrastructure development
projects and projects of public interests, to avoid displacement wherever possible and if not,
explore alternatives to minimize adverse impacts as far as possible, to provide adequate
compensation, rehabilitation assistance, and opportunities of social and economic benefit to the
affected person, family, and the community to create conducive environment for timely
completion of project by making land acquisition, valuation, compensation, resettlement, and
rehabilitation process simple, easy, transparent and fair.
9.3.12 Nepal Water Resources Strategy, 2058
The GoN, through the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS), formulated its
first comprehensive Water Resources Strategy (WRS) in 2002. To contribute to the
national goal of improving the living conditions of the Nepali people in a sustainable
manner, the WRS has formulated short-term (five year), medium-term (15 year) and long-
term (25 year) strategies for the water resources sector.
9.3.13 National Energy Efficiency Strategy, 2075
The main vision of the strategy is to assist in energy security by increasing the energy access
through efficient use of available energy. It aims to promote energy efficiency by effectively
implementing energy efficiency programs through establishing policy, legal and institutional
frameworks. The major goal of the strategy is double the average improvement rate of energy
efficiency in Nepal from 0.84% per year, which existed during the period of 2000 -2015 AD
to 1.68% per year by 2030 AD. The major strategy are to generate awareness on energy
efficiency from the consumers’ level to policy makers’ level, establish policy, legal and
institutional frameworks for resources management, resources mobilization, infrastructure
development and human resources development required for energy efficiency. Reduction in
energy import by energy conservation, making services and production cost effective and
competitive by reducing energy consumption needed for production of goods and services,
develop national standards for energy efficiency based on established international and regional
standards as well as to develop equipment and means for measuring energy efficiency.
9.3.14 National Wetland Policy, 2069
The primary goal of the National Wetlands Policy is to conserve and manage wetlands
resources wisely and in a sustainable way with local people’s participation. The policy also
aims to put the conservation and management aspects of wetlands conservation within the
framework of broader environmental management. The major objective of the policy is to
involve local people in the management of Nepal’s wetlands and conserve wetlands
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biodiversity with wise use of wetlands resources; to conserve and manage wetlands with local
people’s participation for their benefit, while maintaining environmental integrity according to
the terms and spirit of the Ramsar Treaty; to conserve endangered and common wildlife
species, aquatic fauna and other genetic sources dependent on wetlands; to make wetlands
conservation and management activities effective by involving local residents, communities
and community-based organizations.
9.4 Relevant Acts
9.4.1 Environment Protection Act, 2076
The Government of Nepal will implement and implement the Environmental Protection
Scheme for the purpose of maintaining clean and healthy environment.
Traditional and local practices related to the consolidation of subsidies (1) and (2) in the plan
will be incorporated into the plan, including the conservation of environment, conservation,
sustainable use and the equitable distribution of benefits derived from the use of environmental
resources. The environment maintained under sub-section (1) shall be restricted to the area of
conservation area or sub-section (1) to prevent any work being carried out within the designated
area or green area. If any person does not approve the Environmental Studies Report pursuant
to this Act or executes the project in a manner contrary to the approved Environmental Study
Report, the concerned one may immediately restrain the implementation of such project.
The proponent will have to prepare the environmental study report in accordance with this Act,
so that the criteria and quality maintained by the Government of Nepal will be addressed in a
timely manner.
9.4.2 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039
The section 2 (B) of the act defines the soil and water conservation. According to section 3
GoN can acquire area/land by giving written notice for the purpose of water conservation. But
for such acquisition, compensation shall be paid, in case of private land, in consultation with
local authorities (VDC/Municipality). Section 10 of the act elaborates the activities that are
considered illegal in the area which are suspected for natural disaster.
9.4.3 Forest Act, 2049
The act prohibits reclaiming lands, setting fires, grazing, removing or damaging forest
products, felling trees or plants, wildlife hunting and extracting boulders, sand and soil from
the national forest without the prior approval.
The Act empowers the government to permit the use of any part of government managed forest,
community forest; leasehold forest etc., if there is no alternative except to use the forest area
for the implementation of a plan or a project of national priority without significantly affecting
the environment.
9.4.4 Forest Act, 2076
National forest includes community forest, partnership forest, kabuliyat forest, national forest
or inter-state forest. Consumer groups will coordinate with the local government in connection
with the development, conservation and management of at least 25 percent of the proceeds
from the national income generated by the project. The distribution of management, utilization
and dividends will be divided according to the Nepalese Government, in favor of climate
change adaptation and benefits from carbon accumulation and emission reduction. An Armed
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Forest Guard Service to protect and enhance the protection of forest heritage, protect and
promote the protection of national forest, prohibit illegal hunting of wildlife and theft of forest
products. The Government of Nepal will be able to arrange plantation for timber, as required,
in order to increase tree planting line promotion, clerical management, national management,
house decorum, combustion, and necessary development.
9.4.5 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029
Sec. 3 (third amendment) of the Act empowers GoN to declare any areas as National Park,
Wildlife Conservation and Protected Areas. Sec. 5 provides for protecting the existing forests
and prohibits activities such as mining. Further, sec. 5 (j) states that no harmful objects or
explosive can be used in stream or any source of water within national parks or wildlife reserve.
Sub –sec (e) (g) & (h) of sec. (5) provide that without permission, no one shall cut, fell, remove
overshadow any tree, plant or any forest produce or do anything by which the forest produce
may die, burn or get damaged.
9.4.6 Water Resources Act, 2049
The Water Resources Act, 2049 has been enacted to make arrangement for the rational
utilization, conservation, management and development of water resources in Nepal.
According to section 8, subsection 1 of the act, a person or corporate body may desire to
conduct survey. This act was amended in 2055 covering wide area including water resources
projects. –Section 5 (b) emphasized that fish ladder must be constructed while constructing
dam for hydropower generation, irrigation or other purposes. The act also mentioned that other
alternative provision such as Fish Hatchery, etc. will be explored as mitigation measures for
the loss of fish density and diversity. This act is relevant to project that to get construction
license above-mentioned document must be submitted to DoED. Section 16 of the act mentions
that GoN shall facilitate for land and house acquisition for development projects under
prevailing rules.
9.4.7 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, (2017)
The Aquatic Animals Protection Act (1961) is one of Nepal’s oldest pieces of legislation, which
recognizes the value of wetlands and aquatic animals. The Act provides legislative protection
for the habitats of aquatic species. It obliges the proponent to carry out different activities to
minimize the adverse impact on aquatic life. Section 5(b) of the Act states that the proponent
must construct the fish ladder at the Dam site to ensure the movement of fish. If it is not
possible, the proponent should establish the fish hatchery or a nursery, close to the dam site of
the water resources projects for artificial reproduction and ex-situ conservation. Section 3 of
this Act states that any party found guilty of using poisonous, noxious or explosive materials
into water sources, or destroying any weirs, bridges or water systems, with the intent of
catching or killing aquatic life, will be punished under the prevailing law.
9.4.8 Land Acquisition Act, 2034
It is the main legislation to guide the land acquisition process in the country. Government can
acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving the compensation pursuant to the act for the
land required for any public purpose or for the operation of any development project initiated
by government institution (sections 3 and 4).
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The compensation paid under this act will be given in cash. To decide about the amount of
compensation the act has made provision for the constitution of Compensation Fixation
Committee (CFC). This act is silent about the payment of compensation at market rate, which
pose difficulty for the payment of compensation at present value.
9.4.9 Ancient Monument Protection Act, 2013
The Ancient Monument Protection act is expedient to maintain peace and order by preserving
the ancient monument and by controlling the trade in archaeological objects as well as the
excavation of the place of ancient monuments and by acquiring and preserving ancient
monument and archaeological, historical or artistic objects.
9.4.10 Local Government Operation Act, 2074
This newly formed act describes about the criteria to divide a state into municipalities or rural
municipalities and their respective rights, duties and responsibilities in different development
and conservation sectors. It clarifies the rights of municipalities/ rural municipalities to form
local laws, regulations and criteria for conservation of environment protected areas and species;
for environmental pollution and hazard control; solid waste management, etc.
9.4.11 Electricity Act, 2049
The electricity Act, 1992 has been enacted to manage the survey, generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity and to standardize and safeguard electricity services.
Section 3 - No license is required to survey, generate, transmit or distribute electricity from the
projects of capacity ranging from 100 kW to 1000 kW. However, information will be provided
to the designated authority about such a project.
According to Section 4 subsection -1 of the act, any person or corporate body who wishes to
conduct survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity over 1 MW shall be
required to submit an application to the prescribed officer along with economic, technical, and
environmental study report. Section 24 of this act states that '' While carrying out electricity
generation, transmission or distribution, it shall be carried out in such a manner that no
substantial adverse effect will be made on environment by the way of soil erosion, flood,
landslide air pollution etc.''. Pursuant to the act, the proponent shall request the concerned
Ministry through the Department of Electricity Development, to issue a survey license for the
proposed Project.
9.4.12 Labour Act, 2074
The Labour Act, 2074 has been enacted on September 4, 2017 under Article 296 of the
Constitution to replace the previous Labour Act of 2048 (1992). The act defines employer as
person or entity employing labourers and employee/labourer as person doing physical or
intellectual labour for employer as a worker or officer or under any other designation.
According to the act, bonded labour is prohibited. Probation /trial period for labourer shall be
6 months. The act describes state that interns may be hired in coordination with educational
institution but they shall not be made to work more than 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week.
Trainees may be hired for a maximum period of 1 year and foreign workers may be hired only
after obtaining work permit from the Department of Labour. Regular work hours shall not
exceed 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week. Overtime may not exceed an additional 4 hours
per day and 24 hours per week. Pay for overtime work shall be 1.5 times the regular
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rate. Payment for a specific type of work shall be same across genders and there shall be no
discrimination. Labourers shall be entitled to provident fund, gratuity and insurance and age of
retirement shall be 58 years.
9.4.13 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056
The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 is enacted and enforced adopting ILO
Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age
Convention. This Act has defined the ‘Child’ as a person who has not reached the age of 16
years. Section 3 bans the employing a child below the age of 16 to work as a laborer and
engaging a child in the hazardous and risky works listed in the Schedule of the Act. The
proponent or contractor shall mandatorily follow the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation)
Act, 2056 (2000) during the project implementation phase.
9.4.14 Plant Protection Act, 2064
The aim of the Act is to prevent or control harmful epidemic insect or disease spread in plant
or plant products while under import or export. In sec. 3, it is stated that GoN may by
notification in Nepal Gazette, impose restriction or condition for the import of plant or plant
product.
9.4.15 Land Reform Act, 2021
Section 9 'A' of the act deals with land use and land fragmentation for maximum use of land.
According to this act, Government of Nepal can implement land use program in any part of the
country. Similarly, government can do fragmentation and plotting of land to increase the
productivity.
9.4.16 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068
The act aims to provide sufficient legal provision for the management of solid waste generated
throughout the country. Unless good construction management practices are followed,
construction activities can cause serious environmental pollution, ecological degradation and
health and safety concerns to both workers and the public. The stakeholders that get impacted
due to construction activities generally include the workers, the public and the environment.
The act provides a minimum standard for safe and efficient waste management. The purpose
of the act is to formulate and facilitate guidelines and to provide a framework of waste
management strategies to assist in the long-term management of solid waste by implementing
the essential strategies. The act aims to protect public health and safety, provide a safer working
environment, and minimize waste generation and environmental impacts of waste treatment.
The act sets procedures for handling of health care waste, and also includes details of collection,
separation, and final disposal of the solid waste.
9.4.17 An act to Control and Regulate International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora, 2073
This Act was formulated to conserve and regulate and monitor the international trade of
threatened fauna and flora in order to implement the CITES, 1973. This Act has banned trade
and sample collection of rare and endangered species of flora fauna. This act has also banned
holding, keeping in possession, use, rearing, and control of such species. The main aim of this
Act is the implementation of the objective set forward by the CITES, 1973.
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9.4.18 Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074
Contribution Based Social Security Act, 2074 B.S ("Social Security Act") was passed by the
Parliament on July 24, 2017 (Shrawan 09, 2074) and accorded the assent by the President on
13 August, 2017 (2074-04-29). The Social Security Act is enacted first time in Nepal. The Act
was enacted as per the social welfare concept, in accordance with which the people shall have
rights to welfare of various kinds as one of their fundamental rights as enshrined in the
constitution. The Act shall be applicable to those industries, businesses or the service sector as
prescribed by the government. Even the self-employed can take part in the Fund. The Social
Security Fund shall operate various schemes as per the Act: medical and health protection,
maternity protection, accidental protection, old age protection, dependent family protection and
unemployment protection.
9.4.19 Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074
The Government of Nepal may levy and collect tax and non-tax revenues as specified in
Schedule-1 in accordance with Federal law. The State may levy and collect tax and non-tax
revenues as specified in Schedule-2 in accordance with State law. The Local Level may levy
and recover tax and non-tax revenues as specified in Schedule-3 in accordance with Local law.
The Government of Nepal, the State and Local Level may collect chargeable penalty and fine
falling under their domain in accordance with the prevailing law. The State and Local Level
shall, while imposing tax pursuant to Sub-Section (2) or (3), do so without contravention to
national economic policies, transportation of goods and services, capital and labor market, and
the neighbouring State and Local Level. The Government of Nepal may levy on and collect
royalty of natural resources in accordance with Federal law.
Distribution of Royalty to be obtained from Natural Resources
1) In order to distribute the royalty obtained from the natural resources among the Federal,
State and Local Level, the Government of Nepal shall create the federal divisible fund to
deposit such amount obtained from the royalty in accordance with Federal law.
(2) The Government of Nepal shall distribute the royalty pursuant to Sub-Section (1) as
specified in Schedule-4.
(3) Out of the amount distributed pursuant to Sub-Section (2), the amount obtained by the
Government of Nepal shall be deposited in the Federal Consolidated Fund, the amount obtained
by the State in State Consolidated Fund and the amount obtained by Local Level in the Local
Consolidated Fund. According to this royalty from electricity, forest, mines and minerals, water
and other natural resources shall be distributed as 50 % to government of Nepal, 25 %
distributed to concerned state and remaining 25 % distrusted to concerned local level.
9.4.20 Explosive Act, 2018
Section 4 of the act emphasizes the need of permission for the use, sell, transportation and
import of explosive item. The act made provision of penalty up to NRs. 20,000 if transporting
or using the explosive items without proper permission. The act has authorized Chief District
Officer to grant such permission. According to Section 8 of the act any accident caused by the
use of explosives shall be informed to nearest Police Station at the earliest possible.
9.4.21 Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 2074
The act is enforced in accordance to Article 296 (1) of Constitution of Nepal in order to
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produce, distribute, manage and trade electricity easily, regularly, and systematically
transparently and balance demand and supply of electricity. Furthermore, regulation of
electricity tax, protection of consumer rights and interests, competitive market, reliable,
universally accessible, quality service is required to be assured through electricity regulation
committee.
9.4.22 Muluki Devyani Sahghita Ain, 2074
According to the law, an organized organization shall acquire legal personality and legal
competence in that state. The legal person shall have an organized personality (corporate
personality) and will use a separate imprint for his or her work. The address of the legal person
shall be the address mentioned at the time of establishment of the organization and if it is not
so, then the address of the head office or registered office of such institution and also the office
or address of such institution shall not be designated as the address of the head administrative
office or business and business of such institution. Except as otherwise noted in the law, the
management and operation of a legal person shall be governed by one or more numbers of such
persons as provided for in the constitution of such person and there is no such provision.
Nepal Criminal and Penal Law
If a person commits any act resulting the death of another person and the victim dies
immediately or within the date, the person causing such death or the principal instigator or the
person who catches or holds or directly uses his or her hand against the victim with an intention
to get that person to be killed by any other person in the scene of crime, such a person shall be
punished as mentioned hereunder. A person who directly uses his or her hands with an intention
to separate the person from the dispute or who in fact separates somebody from dispute shall
not be liable to any punishment. If a person creates conducive environment to kill anyone else
stopping the pathway or passage or restricting the victim to flee from the scene of crime shall
be punished with imprisonment for a term of five years. A person who is involved in
discussion/preparation through any other means and appears in the scene of crime and watches
the incident without doing anything else or a person who is indulged in the commission of
offence except as provided hereinabove, the person shall be punished with imprisonment for a
term ranging from Six months to three years.
9.4.23 Land Use Act, 2076
As per Land Use Act, 2076, land has been classified into 10 categories: agricultural; residential;
commercial; industrial; mining and mineral; forest; river, stream, pond and wetland; public use;
cultural and archaeological; and others. The land classification is based on the composition and
use of the land. The act has been introduced based on the condition of land, population growth,
requirements of land for various purposes like food and habitation and the need for economic
development and infrastructure building, among others. The main aim of the act is to ensure
that land is properly used and managed and that land set aside for one purpose is not used for
other. The act has assigned the responsibility for implementing the act to not only the federal
government but also to the provincial and local governments. As per the act, three tiers of the
government should constitute councils to bring provisions of the act into implementation. The
federal government should draft maps of all the local levels and ensure that all the local
governments are abiding by provisions of the act. The local governments, on their part, should
ensure that the people are adhering to provisions of the act. For this, they will have to form
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implementation committees under the leadership of the heads of the local governments. So the
local levels have a major role to play in ensuring implementation of the act.
9.4.24 Consumer Protection Act, 2075
If bodily, mental, financial, physical or other kind of harm and injury is caused to any consumer
by use of the goods or services sold or distributed contrary to this Act, or damage is occurred
as a result of defective production of goods, the consumer himself or herself, or any consumer
association on his or her behalf, or the heir of the consumer if the consumer is incompetent or
has already died, may make a complaint to the Court for compensation from the person who
has produced, imported, hoarded, transported, sold and distributed or provided such goods or
services within six months from the date of harm and injury caused.
If the consumer is wounded by the use of the goods or services sold, distributed or provided
contrary to this Act, treatment expenses, interim relief amount for the daily subsistence as per
the family circumstances throughout the treatment period and, if it is proved, in course of
the investigation, that the consumer has suffered, the consumer, or the heir as per law, if he or
she has died, shall be entitled to get the amount of compensation from the concerned producer,
importer, hoarder, carrier, distributor or seller concerned on the basis of such harm and injury.
9.5 Relevant Rules and Regulations
9.5.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077
According to the schedule 2 of EPR, 2077, the developer should conduct Concise Initial
Environmental Examination report for the proposal mention in Annex 1 as per Clause 3, sub
clause 1 of EPA, 2076. Similarly, the project should conduct Initial Environmental
Examination for the proposal mentioned in Annex 3 and Environmental Impact Assessment
for the proposal mentioned in Annex 3. For preparing EIA report, SD should be prepared as
per the clause 5 of EPA. For the environmental study report, the project should prepare Terms
of reference. For CIEE, ToR should be prepared as per Annex 6, for IEE is should be prepared
as per Annex 7 and for EIA, ToR should be prepared as per Annex 8. For the project mention
in Clause 3, Subclause 5 of EPA, the proponent should conduct public hearing the project
affected area and should collect the suggestions. The proponent should submit the CIEE, IEE
within 2 years of approval of TOR and for EIA also, it should be submit within 2 years of
approval of SD and ToR.
For hydropower generation project, CIEE is necessary if the project needs upto 1 ha of forest
area. Similarly, IEE is necessary if:
• the project needs 1 to 5 ha forest area.
• the project lies in Forest Conservation Area, Conservation Area and buffer zone area
and the installed capacity is upto 10 MW.
• the installed capacity of project is 1 to 50 MW.
EIA is necessary if:
• the project needs more than 5 ha forest area.
• the project area lies in National Park, Wildlife reserves and Hunting Reserves.
• the installed capacity of the project area is more than 50 MW.
Similarly for the transmission line project, CIEE is necessary for the project if the transmission
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line upto 66 kV needs forest area.
Similarly, the IEE is necessary if
• the transmission line project is of 132 kV and below and the project lies in Forest
Conservation Area, Conservation Area and Buffer Zone Area.
• the transmission line project is 132 kV and of more capacity.
And EIA is necessary if the project area lies in National Park, Wildlife reserves and Hunting
Reserves.
9.5.2 Forest Regulation, 2051
Rule 65 of the Forest Regulation stipulates that in case the execution of any project having
national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local, individual, or
community, the proponents of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be
paid. Similarly, the entire expenses required for the harvesting, logging and transporting of the
forest products in a forest area will be borne by the proponents of the projects.
9.5.3 Electricity Regulation, 2050
Rule 12 (Chha) and Rule 13 (Chha) of Electricity Regulation 2050 are important from
environmental viewpoint. The Initial Environmental Examination report will address the
environmental issues, measures required to mitigate the significant adverse impacts. This
regulation has also made provision for the formation of Compensation Fixation Committee for
compensation of the land required for the project.
9.5.4 Water Resources Regulation, 2050
It is mandatory under Rule 17 (e) of the regulation that any person or corporate body, who
desires to obtain a license for utilization of water resources must state in his application that
appropriate measures will be taken to lessen the adverse effects due to the project on the overall
environment. Measures are to be taken for the conservation of aquatic life and water
environment and for mitigating social and economic effects of the project in the concerned
area.
9.5.5 Solid Waste Management Regulation, 2070
The regulations provide the way for the management of all kinds of solid waste since their
origin. Open burning of solid and hazardous wastes are strictly banned by the regulation. In
addition, the regulation provides the ways for the management of solid waste.
Unless good construction management practices are followed, construction activities can cause
serious environmental pollution, ecological degradation and health and safety concerns to both
workers and the public. The stakeholders that get impacted due to construction activities
generally include the workers, the public and the environment. The guideline provides a
minimum standard for safe and efficient waste management. The purpose of the guideline is to
provide a framework of waste management strategies to assist in the long-term management of
health care waste by implementing the essential strategies. The guideline aims to protect public
health and safety, provide a safer working environment, and minimize waste generation and
environmental impacts of waste treatment.
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The guideline sets procedures for handling of health care waste, which includes details of
collection, separation, and final disposal of the waste for the safety of human health and
hygiene through environmental contamination.
9.5.6 Explosives Regulation, 2020
Explosive regulation provides the rules for Production, Use, Sale, Transportation and Import
of the Explosive:
(1) No person shall, without a Licensee and if a License not following the terms and conditions
referred to in the license, shall produce, store, use, transport or import Explosives.
(2) Any person willing to obtain a License or to extend the validity period of the License for
the production, storage, use, sale, transportation or import of the Explosives shall submit a
written application along with details as prescribed in a prescribed format before the Chief
District Officer. The format of each License, the amount required there for and its validity
period shall be as prescribed.
(3) The Chief District Officer may, subject to this Rules framed under the Explosive Act, 2017
(1961), and having furnished a notice to the Licensee, make necessary changes to any matter
mentioned in any License.
(4) A person, willing to make changes in his/her own License, shall submit an application to
the Chief District Officer stating the matters he/she wanted to change.
9.5.7 Labor Rule, 2075
Labour Rule 2075 has provision of payment of wage and other facilities through banking
system. There will be particular system for domestic workers as well as domestic workers will
get 12 days paid leave yearly and paid leave weekly. Likewise, Labour Rule has provision to
manage the labour suppliers. According to the Labour Rule, employers must contribute for
Employees Provident Fund and Gratuity unless the contributory based Social Security Act
implemented. Similarly, Labour Rule has provision for Occupational Safety and health as well
as formation of Collective Bargaining Committee.
The Labor Rules has also set out the criteria for determining whether or not an employment is
regular employment. Pursuant to the Rule 3 the issue as to whether or not the employment is
of regular nature is determined on the basis of whether or not the employment requires
continuity upon expiry of the term and, if it is required to continue whether or not another
Employee is immediately required, and the Employee has worked on a regular basis for a period
more than one year in the case if no term of employment has been specified.
9.5.8 Contribution Based Social Security Regulation, 2075
The Government of Nepal has framed the Contribution Based Social Security Regulations,
2018 (2075) (“Social Security Regulations”) by exercising the power conferred to it under
Section 69 of the Contribution based Social Security Act (“Social Security Act”). The Social
Security Regulations have prescribed certain matters as required by the Social Security Act.
Such matters include (a) the procedure for participation in Social Security Schemes (b)
registration of the employer and employee with Social Security Fund (c) operation of fund, etc.
Rule 6 has included required contribution of the Employer and the Employees to the Social
Security Fund.
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9.5.9 Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Management Rules, 2064
In the form of protected community forest for making sustainable management and use of
forest products as according to the Management Plan, the individual shall submit an application
as prescribed in Schedule - 7 by mentioning that protected community forest is also along with
the Work Plan and the recommendation of the committee. The landowner within the
Conservation Area may develop, protect and manage private forest and use the forest products,
persisting under the Management Plan of the Conservation Area. If the number of other wild
lives except the protected wildlife has increased within the Conservation Area and it seemed
that, it may destroy the agricultural cultivation, domestic animals of local consumers, the
Council may send a recommendation letter to the Department for allowing commercial hunting
by fixing a quota after making the situation study of the concerned species and prescribing the
places for the management of such wildlife. No person or an organization shall be allowed to
perform activities within the Conservation Area without obtaining written permission from the
authorized officials.
Prohibited Activities within Conservation Area
If any activities conducted or going to be conducted within the Conservation Area has made
adverse impact or seems possibility of the effect on the land-use, public health, protection of
the natural environment and natural resources of the Conservation Area, the Council may issue
a written order to stop or prohibit or reform such activities. The order that has been issued as
pursuant to Sub-rule (1) shall clearly mention the reason for stopping, prohibiting or
reforming such activities.
Written Permission to be obtained
If the residents within the Conservation Area desire to extract the soil, stores, gravels or sand
for their own personal use a written permission of the Council shall be obtained. While issuing
such permission by the Council, it shall be issued on the recommendation of the Committee.
No person shall be allowed to do any harm or damage to the road, bridge, house, office
buildings, fence, signboard or any other things in any way. Any person prior to
the commencement of any activities, making use of natural resources or causing adverse effects
on natural resources within the Conservation Area, for the business purpose shall submit an
application for obtaining the consent of the Council.
9.5.10 Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations, 2075
License holding people/Institutes need to give application to electricity regulation committee
to distribute electricity to users/consumers before fixing electricity tariff and penalties in
accordance to article 13, sub article 1, section (ka) and section (Nga) of Electricity Regulation
Commission Act. Public hearing is necessary to conduct by regulatory commission before
decision on fixing on electricity bill, purchase rate, transmission rate and transactions.
Permission from commission is necessary in order to amend share structure. Electricity sales
and purchase rates need to be fixed with necessary standards and mutual understandings.
9.5.11 Conservation Area Management Rules, 2053
The Conservation Area Management Rule promulgated by the GoN pursuant to section 33 of
the NPWCA provides institutional framework, systems, mechanisms and processes
(management modality) for the management of the Conservation Area. The CAMR was gazette
in 1996 (2053/8/17). The regulation authorizes National park to establish headquarters for the
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management and the development of the conservation area (Rule 4), divide the area into
different sub-areas (Ilakas) as per the need, and establish Unit Conservation Officers and other
staff as necessary.
9.5.12 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Rule, 2030
The district hunting license may be issued only to the Nepalese citizen by taking the fees as
prescribed in Schedule -1. The license shall only be issued, if the person applying for any type
of hunting license possess the valid license as pursuant to the prevailing laws, for the arms and
ammunitions (weapons) that has to be used to kill those wildlife or birds which are desired to
be hunted. If a crime has been made against the license or permit issued as pursuant to these
Rules, then during the proceeding of the case related to such crime, the competent officer
having jurisdiction to hear such cases may issue an order to suspend the license or permit
obtained by the culprit till the decision has not been received on the submission that has been
made before the Government of Nepal.
If any wildlife or birds of different types than the type that has to be allowed to hunt as
according to the obtained license or excess in number than the number that has to be allowed
to hunt has been killed or injured by accident, during the hunting by a person then the number
and type of such injured or killed wildlife or birds shall be mentioned in his/her hunting register
and the killed wildlife or birds that has been collected, shall be submitted to the same reserve
or nearby forest office.
Any person who enters into the National Park without obtaining an admission card or permit
or commits any such activities shall be provided a permit for entry by taking cent percent
additional fees on the prescribed fees.
9.6 Manuals and Guidelines
9.6.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050
This guideline is frequently used and quite helpful right from making terms of reference to
preparing impact assessment matrix and assigning values on impacts ranking. The other
important feature of the guideline is description on community participation. Clause 49 deals
with the methods to involve the public.
9.6.2 Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, (2018)
This Manual should be used in conjunction with the Nepal’s National EIA Guideline, which
dictates the minimum standards, administrative systems and processes and templates to be
followed during an EIA for any qualifying project. Where appropriate, good international
practices have been included with this Manual to augment the standard EIA approach, and
assist hydropower project proponents in better defining environmental and social risks,
responsibilities and opportunities.
The Manual is prepared for government authorities, hydropower developers, consultants, civil
society groups and others. Specifically, the Manual can be used at different phases and for
different purposes for the preparation and review of EIAs for hydropower projects:
EIA study by the proponent;
Follow up and review of EIA report by the Government and stakeholders;
Planning environmental, social, health, safety and security monitoring by the
proponent;
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Undergoing monitoring of compliance and conducting the audit by the government.
The Manual can be used for all types of hydropower projects that require an EIA based on the
Environment Protection Act and its regulations, particularly Schedule-2 of the regulations. It
aims to facilitate the EIA process for all hydropower projects such as run-of-river (diversion
and/or storage), storage reservoir and pumped storage facilities and associated facilities of the
project such as power transmission lines, substations, construction materials management, and
access roads.
The Manual outlines the approach for preparing, submitting, reviewing and implementing EIAs
related to hydropower in Nepal.
i) Section 4-Stakeholder engagement and public participation
ii) Section 5-Screening process for hydropower project proposal
iii) Section 6-Scoping and developing terms of reference for the EIA study
iv) Section 7, 8 &9 Identifying, assessing and managing environmental and social impacts
v) Section 10-Reporting Section and
vi) Section 11- Reviewing EIAs
9.6.3 Manual for Conducting Public Hearings in the Environmental Impact Assessment
Process for Hydropower Projects, 2061
The manual suggests the method, timing, and other procedure while conducting public hearing
of Hydroelectric Projects.
9.6.4 Manual for Addressing Gender Issues in Environmental impact
Assessment/Initial Environmental examination for Hydropower Projects, 2062
The manual has been prepared to suggest and recommend various approaches, actions and
strategies to assist developers in improving gender inclusion in hydropower projects.
9.6.5 Manual for Preparing Environmental management Plan (EMP) for Hydropower
Projects, 2059
The manual has been developed as to formulate monitoring plans for baseline, impact and
compliance monitoring as well as formulate an Environmental Auditing Plan to be
implemented after project construction.
9.6.6 Manual for Developing and Reviewing Water Quality Monitoring Plans and
Results for Hydropower Projects, 2059
The objectives of the manual include identification of water quality parameters for which
information is necessary to adequately evaluate the effects of hydropower development and
suggestions for developing and implementing effective water quality monitoring plans during
various period of the project cycle.
9.6.7 Manual for Preparing Terms of References (TOR) for Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Projects, with Notes on EIA Report
Preparation, 2058
The manual has been developed to put the sequential procedures and methods to be
accomplished for the preparation of the EIA reports in the hydropower sector.
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9.6.8 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052
GoN has also implemented a separate EIA guideline for Forestry Sector, 1995. The guidelines
facilitate the sustainable use of forest resources for the socio-economic development and
meeting the basic needs of the communities. The positive and negative impacts of any
development project in the forest area are to be identified and plans must be developed to
minimize environmental damage, conserving genetic resources and bio-diversity. It encourages
the Proponent to identify the likely impacts of the projects particularly on the forests, propose
mitigation measures and monitoring and evaluation system to ensure least impacts on forests
and biodiversity (MoFSC, 1995).
9.6.9 Environmental Management Guidelines (Road), 2054
This guideline prepared by Department of Road explains the process and methods of study in
different cycle of environmental studies and maters to be included in the EIA report. All the
new and upgrading road development projects are mandated to comply with the guideline
provisions to ensure that the road development project is environmentally sustainable.
9.6.10 Forest Product Collection, Sale and Distribution Guidelines, 2073
The guidelines (clauses 3 to 10) have specified various procedure and formats for getting
approvals for vegetation clearance, delineation of lands for vegetation clearance, evaluation of
the wood volume etc. and government offices and officials responsible for the approval. These
provisions have a direct relevance to the development of the projects and need compliance to
these provisions.
9.6.11 Standardized Guidelines for Handing over the National Forest Area for National
Priority Projects, 2076
Guideline for the use of the forest area for development projects of National Priority project
reiterates the use of the forest area only if other options are not available. The projects requiring
the forestland area have to make alternative studies to minimize the forestland use areas.
Development project national priority will be allocated such lands on the discretion of the
Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation. To compensate the forest area and resource lost the
project proponent has to with the following provisions:
The proponent has to afforest the area equal to the forest area lost at the minimum, if
the forest area occupied by the project is a barren land. The land area for afforestation
will have to decide based on the discussion with the district forest office. Alternatively,
the proponent could deposit the required amount as per forest norm to the district forest
office.
The proponent will plant 25 trees for every lost tree of above 10 cm DBH in areas
designated by the Division forest office and look after the plantation for 5 years to
ensure their protection and growth of every planted tree. Alternatively, the proponent
deposit the required amount for plantation and protection for five years to the district
forest office.
The proponent will have to compensate the lost forestland for 30 years. The
compensation amount for the forestland per ha will be as per the provisions of leasehold
forest.
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9.6.12 National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development Decade (2016-
2026)
The government has declared a National Energy Crisis Reduction and Electricity Development
Decade (2016-2026) with the aim to end the existing energy crisis of the country and to develop
hydropower projects. During the period, the government has planned not only end the current
power crisis but also develop the hydropower project. According to the plan, existing load
shedding hours will be reduced within a year and ending it in the next two years by importing
electricity from India to completely end the load shedding within three years. According to the
plan, the remaining seven-year period will concentrate on developing the hydropower sector.
9.6.13 Jagga Hadbandi Chhut Dine Sambandi Adesh, 2074
This order has made various provisions for use of excess land different industries, institution,
hydropower project and other projects to acquire, use land more than limit if such land is
essential for them. The land acquired in such way shall be used for any other proposes. This
order has made provision that if any industries, institution, hydropower project and other
projects require land more than limit delineated by Land Act 2021; they have to apply for their
authoritative agencies with all the information related to required land and proper
documentations. Then the authoritative agencies after proper inspection and monitoring will
recommend for land acquisition. The authoritative agencies in case for hydropower project are
Department of Electricity Development and Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and
Irrigation.
9.6.14 Guidelines on license of hydroelectric project, 2075
Depending on the data available on the basis of statistics available by the official hydraulic
data and the figures available by the official hydrological data and the information available in
the department, based on the hydro biological time series data of the hydrological time series
data provided by the empowered hydropower project, the department showed modifiable
highlights and medium hydropower study. Scheduled water (MHH997) will be determined by
the flow of water received from the medical calculation (Water discharge and the maximum
height of proposed project area (gross head), up to five percent head and over-by-one percent
of the total minimum percentage will be determined. Department of Technical Consultation
will be required before issuing the permission of all the power projects capable of one kilowatt
to one thousand kW. The entrepreneurs wishing to develop any electricity project will be
required to enclose the documents in accordance with Schedule-2, in order to obtain documents
as per the Schedule-II, and to obtain the written permission for power generation. The
entrepreneurs wishing to build a power plant will have to verify the power generation to the
department in the form of Schedule-6, within the period of restoration of the survey.
9.6.15 Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074
It is provisioned in Yogdanma Adharit Samajik Karyabidhi Ain 2074 and Yogdanma Adharit
Surachhya Karyabidhi, 2074 for the implementation.
9.6.15.1 Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the
Protected Areas, 2065
If any activity that has been conducted or to be conducted outside of the National Park or
Conservation Area has to release such quantum of water which is higher of either at least ten
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per cent of the minimum monthly average discharge of the river/stream or the minimum
required quantum as identified in the environmental impact assessment study report. Similarly,
any activity that has been conducted or to be conducted within to the National Park or
Conservation Area has to release such quantum of water which is higher of either at least fifty
per cent of the minimum monthly average discharge of the river/stream or the minimum
required quantum as identified in the environmental impact assessment study report. Legal
provisions shall be made to prevent adverse effects on the availability of water or water right
of the projects for which license is not required or being operated after obtaining the license.
The view of environment conservation will be required to plant and rectify 25 trees instead of
a single tree cut or removed. The public or service within the conservation area will be used
without pre-approval of the organization for the purposes of public tree plantation (except for
the purpose of planting local species).
9.7 International Convention
9.7.1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild
Fauna & Flora, (1973)
Nepal is a party to the CITES that aims to control the trade of certain wildlife species to prevent
further endangering of their survival. CITES classifies species according to the following
criteria: I – species threatened with extinction, II – species which could become endangered,
III – species that are protected (CITES 1979. As Nepal is party to the Conventions related to
species conservation attention should be given to evaluate the impacts of the project activities
on meeting their obligations.
9.7.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992)
The Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 was opened for signature during the UN
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nepal signed this
convention during the Rio Summit. The convention was ratified by the Parliament in 1993 to
become its party. The convention has entered into force in Nepal on 21 February 1994.
Article 14 of the Convention urges Parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA
of the proposed project that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity
with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate, allow for public
participation in such procedures. The convention also focuses on reducing transboundary
impacts on biodiversity.
There are other international non-legally binding and legally binding instruments that focus on
the conservation and protection of the environment and natural resources.
The EIA could contribute to address the convention matters and comply with the international
obligations while meeting its national development needs.
The convention contains a series of far-reaching obligations related to the conservation of
biological diversity and sustainable uses of its components. One of these obligations is the
requirement for environmental study. The purpose of an environmental study in relation to
biodiversity conservation is to identify in advance:
The aspects of the project which is likely to have significant adverse effects on biological
diversity at genetic species and ecosystem level, and
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The steps to be taken to avoid or minimize significant adverse effects to ensure that the
proposed project comply with existing environmental legislation.
The GoN has included 17 species of plants and 39 species of animals in the protection list. If
the project area is the core habitat of these species and the project activity, will likely to affect
them, mitigation measures, shall be proposed and be implemented to avoid and/ or mitigate the
adverse impacts. Nepal is a party to the convention on Biological Diversity and in accordance
to the article 14, adequate attention should be given to minimize and or avoid the impacts.
9.7.3 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, (1989)
Nepal ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on September 14, 2007. In 2007, the UN Declaration
on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly. The declaration
reaffirms the importance of the principles and approaches provided for under Convention No.
169 and its adoption therefore provide a fresh impetus for promoting the ratification and
implementation of Convention No. 169. ILO Convention No. 169 highlights the need to
recognize indigenous and tribal people’s specific knowledge, skills and technologies as the
basis for their traditional economies and self- determined development process. Article -1 of
the convention provide definition of the tribal and indigenous people. Article -6 deals the
consultation of the peoples concerned through appropriate procedure and in particular, through
their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or
administrative measures, which may affect them directly.
In Article 15, the rights of the peoples concerned to the natural resources pertaining to their
lands shall be specifically safeguarded. These rights include the right of these people to
participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources. The use of the term
land includes the concept of territories, which covers the total environment of the areas that the
peoples concerned occupies or otherwise use. The peoples concerned shall wherever possible
participate in the benefits of such activities and shall receive fair compensation for any
damages, which they may sustain because of such activities. Article 16 (2) clearly mention that
where the relocation of these peoples is considered necessary as an exceptional measures such
relocation shall take place only with their free and inform consent. Where their consent cannot
be obtained, such relocation shall take place only following appropriate procedures established
by national laws and regulations, including public inquiries where appropriate, which provide
the opportunity for effective representation of the peoples concerned. Article 16 (3) mention
that whenever possible these peoples shall have the right to return their traditional land as soon
as the grounds for relocation cease to exist. Article 16(5) elaborated the persons thus relocated
shall be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.
9.7.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1992)
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is
an international environmental treaty adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature at
the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It then entered into force on
21 March 1994, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified it. The UNFCCC
objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system". The
framework sets non-binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries
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and contains no enforcement mechanisms. Instead, the framework outlines how specific
international treaties (called "protocols" or "Agreements") may be negotiated to specify
further action towards the objective of the UNFCCC.
9.8 Environmental Standards
There are very few environmental standards endorsed by MoFE and other GoN line
agencies. Except for vehicular emissions standards and tolerance limits for inland effluent
discharge, most of the environmental pollution standards, are in the formulation process.
These environmental standards shall be treated as other acts and regulations until GoN
enforces standards in the specified sector for the project environmental compliance
propose.
Table 9.1: Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters S. N Parameters Tolerance Limits
i Total Suspended solids, mg/L, Max 30-200
ii Particle size of total suspended particles Shall pass 850-micron Sieve.
iii Ph 5.5-9.0
iv Temperature
Shall not exceed 40 degree C in any section
of the stream within 15 meters down-stream
from the effluent outlet
v Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 5 days
at 20 degree C, mg/L, Max
30-100
vi Oils and grease, mg/L, Max 10
0+ Phenolic compounds, mg/L, Max 1
viii Cyanides (as CN), mg/L, Max 0.2
ix Sulphides (as S), mg/L, Max 2
x Radioactive materials:
xi a. Alpha emitters, c/ml, Max 10-7
xii b. Beta emitters, c/ml, Max 10-7
xiii Insecticides Absent
xiv Total residual chlorine, mg/L 1
xv Fluorides (as F), mg/L, Max 2
xvi Arsenic (as As), mg/L, Max 0.2
xvii Cadmium (as, Cd), mg/L, Max 2
xviii Hexavalent chromium (as Cr), mg/L, Max 0.1
xix Copper (as Cu), mg/L, Max 3
xx Lead (as Pb), mg/L, Max 0.1
xxi Mercury (as Hg), mg/L, Max .01
xxii Nickel (as Ni), mg/L, Max 3
xxiii Selenium (as Se), mg/L, Max 0.05
xxiv Zinc (as Zn), mg/L, Max 5
xxv Ammonia nitrogen, mg/L, Max 50
xxvi Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L, Max 250
xxvii Silver, mg/L, Max 0.1
Source: MoPE, 2058
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Table 9.2: Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and
Construction Sites Group Parameter Unit Maximum
Concentration
Limits
Physical Turbidity NTU 5 (10)**
pH 6.5-8.5*
Color TCU 5 (15)**
Taste & Odor
Would not be objectionable
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1000
Electrical Conductivity µc/cm 1500
Iron mg/l 0.3 (3)**
Manganese mg/l 0.2
Arsenic mg/l 0.05
Cadmium mg/l 0.003
Chromium mg/l 0.05
Cyanide mg/l 0.07
Fluoride mg/l 0.5-1.5*
Lead mg/l 0.01
Ammonia mg/l 1.5
Chemical Chloride mg/l 250
Sulphate mg/l 250
Nitrate mg/l 50
Copper mg/l 1
Total Hardness mg/l 500
Calcium mg/l 200
Zinc mg/l 3
Mercury mg/l 0.001
Aluminum mg/l 0.2
Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.1-0.2*
Micro Germs E-Coli MPN/100ml 0
Total Coli form MPN/100ml 95 % in sample
Source: Environmental Statistics of Nepal, 2019
Table 9.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards Parameters Units Averaging
Time
Concentration in Amblent Air,
maximum
TSP (Total Suspended
Particulates)
µg/m
3
Annual -
24-hours* 230
PM10
µg/m
3
Annual -
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Parameters Units Averaging
Time
Concentration in Amblent Air,
maximum
24-hours* 120
Sulphur Dioxide
µg/m
3
Annual 50
24-hours** 70
Nitrogen Dioxide
µg/m
3
Annual 40
24-hours** 80
Carbon Monoxide
µg/m
3
8 hours** 10,000
15 minute 100,000
Lead
µg/m
3
Annual 0.5
24-hours -
Benzene
µg/m
3
Annual 5 ****
24-hours -
Source: MoPE, 2060
*Note: 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per
calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days.
**Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not
to be controlled before MoPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This
will be done before 2005.
***Note: If representativeness can be proven, yearly averages can be calculated
from PM10 samples from selected weekdays from each month of the year.
****Note: To be re-evaluated by 2005.
Table 9.4: Emissions Standards for ‘in-use’ Vehicles Fuel Wheelers Type Manufacturing Date Emissions
Petrol Four-Wheelers Up to 1980 4.5% CO
1,000 ppm HC*
Four-Wheelers After 1981 3.0% CO
1,000 ppm HC*
Three-Wheelers Up to 1991 4.5% CO
7,800 ppm HC*
Three-Wheelers After 1991 3.0% Co
7,800 ppm HC*
Two-Wheelers 4.5% CO
7,800 ppm HC*
Diesel - Up to 1994 75 HSU
After 1994 65 HSU
LPG/CNG All categories 3.0% CO*
1,000 ppm HC*
Source: Nepal Gazette, BS 2054-9-8, MoEST
* Nepal Gazette, BS 2057-7-7, Ministry of Population and Environment
CO – carbon monoxide; HC – Hydrocarbon; HSU – Hertridge Smoke Unit
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Table 9.5: Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment
Source: Marsh, 1991 (Adopted from Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
Table 9.6: National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012
Sound
Limit
Area Sound Limit Leq (dBA)
Day Night
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Rural Residential Area 45 40
Urban Residential Area 55 50
Mixed Residential Area 63 55
Peace Area 50 40
Optimum Sound emission limit
Household appliance Optimum limit (dBA)
Water Pump 65
Diesel Generator 90
Entertainment goods 70
Source: Environmental Statistics of Nepal, 2019
S N Noise Exposure (dBA) Permissible exposure (Hours and Minutes)
i 85 16 hrs.
ii 87 12 hrs. –18 min.
iii 90 8 hrs.
iv 93 5 hrs. – 18 min.
v 96 3 hrs.-30 min.
vi 99 2 hrs. – 18 min.
vii 102 1 hr. – 30 min.
viii 105 1 hr.
ix 108 40 min.
x 111 26 min.
xi 114 17 min.
xii 115 15 min.
xiii 118 10 min.
xiv 121 6.6 min.
xv 124 4 min.
xvi 127 3 min.
xvii 130 1 min.
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CHAPTER: X 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Background
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an important document to be prepared during EIA
Preparation. EMP refers to the documentation pertaining to project management, monitoring
and auditing of the implementation of mitigation measures, and verification of predicated
impacts in the project cycle. The requirement of EMP for project implementation in Nepal is
vague. However, National EIA guidelines 2050, and Environment Protection Regulation (EPR)
2077, provide some guidance on the requirement of monitoring and auditing, but not the project
management option. The following are the tentative monitoring and auditing plans for the
implementation of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project.
10.2 Objectives of the EMP
The basic objectives of the EMP are to:
Formulate project management activities in particular the implementation of EMP;
Formulate a monitoring program for baseline, impact and compliance monitoring; and
Formulate an environmental auditing program to be implemented after project
construction.
10.3 Statutory Requirements
10.3.1 Environmental Legislation
The Environmental Protection Act and Environmental Protection Rules is the main umbrella
Act and Rules in Nepal, which covers environmental aspects of the project. The MoFE is the
lead agency, which administers the environmental matters emphasizing on environmental
conservation and management through internalizing environmental assessment, pollution
control and prevention, conservation of natural heritage sites, compensation for environmental
damages etc. However, there are several other policies, guidelines, acts and rules, which relate
to construction and operation of SKKHP and should comply with the provisions by the
involved parties during the period. Some the important relevant Government of Nepal
legislation and government policies and guidelines affecting and applicable to the project are
listed below:
Environmental Protection Act, 2076
Environmental Protection Regulation, 2077
National Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2050
Hydropower Environmental Impact Assessment Manual, 2018
EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 2052
Forest Act, 2049 (1993) and Forest Regulations, 2052
Forestry Sector Policy, 2054
Soil & Water Conservation Act, 2039
Aquatic Animals Protection Act, 2039
Electricity Act & Regulations, 2050
Land Acquisition Act, 2034
Water Resources Act, 2049
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Water Resources Regulations, 2050
Local Government Operation Act, 2074
Vehicle and Transportation Management Act, 1992
Explosives Act, 1961
Vehicle and Transportation Management Act, 1992
Labor Act, 1991
Hydropower Development Policy, 2001
Electricity Development and Management Act 2062
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973
Guideline for the Physical Infrastructure Development and Operation in the Protected
Areas 2065
Standardized Guidelines for Handing Over the National Forest Area for National
Priority Projects, 2076
10.3.2 Environmental Standards
There are very few environmental standards endorsed by MoFE and other GoN line agencies.
Except for vehicular emissions standards and tolerance limits for inland effluent discharge,
most of the environmental pollution standards, are in the formulation process. Considering the
above situation following environmental standards are proposed for SKKHP construction and
operation. These environmental standards shall be treated as other acts and regulations until
GoN enforces standards in the specified sector for the project environmental compliance
propose.
Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters from the Construction Sites and
Camps
Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites
Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Project Area
Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment
National Ambient Sound Quality Standard, 2012
Proposed Average Equivalent Sound Levels Recommended to Protect the Public Health
and Welfare of the Project Site Communities
10.3.3 Environmental Permits and Approvals
Permits and Approvals relevant to the SKKHP are presented in Table 10.1 below.
Table 10.1: Permits and Approvals Required Issues Authority Approval and
permits
Environmental Impact Assessment Reports
and Environmental Management Plans
Ministry of Forests and
Environment
Approval
Construction License Ministry of Energy, Water
Resources and Irrigation and
Department of Electricity
Development
Approval and License
Tree clearing and Government owned land Ministry of Forests and
Environment
Approval and permits
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Issues Authority Approval and
permits
Tree clearing in KCA GoN, KCA Approval
Relocation of archaeological , cultural and
religious sites
Rural Municipality and
Department of Archaeology
Approval
Works on private land and property Landowner Approval
Relocation or disturbance to infrastructures
such as irrigation canals, water supply, foot
trails and tracks, suspension bridges, etc.
Respective user
committees/Rural Municipality
and Ward Office
Approval
Environmental Auditing MoFE Approval and permits
10.4 Project Environmental Management Framework
10.4.1 Project Environmental Management Plan Structure and Stakeholders
Responsibility
The Project Environmental Management Framework of SKKHP is prepared to shows linkages
with different parties to be involved directly or indirectly during the different phases of project
development and operation in compliance with the existing Act and Rules.
Overall project environmental management is the responsibility of SKKHP, Project
Management Office (PMO). Key stakeholders including SKKHP, to be involved for project
environmental management in the hierarchy order are:
Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE)/ Department of Environment
Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (MoEWRI)
Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC)
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA)
Conservation Community Forest User Groups (CAMC)
Department of Electricity Development (DoED)
The Proponent and its line offices
Environmentalist
Supervising Engineers (SE)
Construction Contractor (CC)
Affected Ward and Rural Municipality/ District Coordination Committee/
Environmental Enhancement Committees etc
Super Kabeli khola Concerns Committee (STRCC)
Non-government Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations
(CBOS), Conservation Community Forest User Groups, Irrigation User Groups
(IUG) (if any), Water Supply User Groups (WSUG) (if any) etc.
Project Affected Settlements
Environmental Management Plan structure for different phases of project development and
implementation are depicted in Figure 10.1, Figure 10.2 and Figure 10.3.
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Design Phase
Figure 10.1: Project Management Plan Structure in design phase
Construction Phase
Figure 10.2: Project Management Plan Structure in Construction Phase
SKKHP
Project Management Office
ESU
ESISU ESMSU
Contractor
MoFE
MoEWRI
DoED
DNPWC
KCA
KCA officials
CCFUGs
DCCs
RM
NGOs
CBOs
UGs (, IUG, WSUG etc)
PAF
ESMSU
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Operation Phase
Figure 10.3: Project Management Plan Structure in Project Operation Phase
The main roles and responsibilities of different parties in various phases of project development
are briefly presented in Table 10.2.
Table 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule
1 MoFE Final approval of the EIA report as per the
provisions of Act and Rules
Prior to proposal
implementation
Review of project monitoring reports during
construction and operation phases and give
comments for corrective actions
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Auditing of project general performance
during operation phase.
After two years of
operation phase
2 MoEWRI/
DoED
Review and comments on EIA for Final
approval of EIA
Prior to EIA approval
Licensing and give permission for Project
Implementation
After approval of EIA
Review project design and contract
documents , against approved EIA measures
and national environmental standards and
give comments for corrective actions
Before contract bidding
Review of monitoring reports of project
construction and operation and give
comments for corrective actions
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
3 MoFE
DNPWC
KCA
Review and comments on EIA for Final
approval of EIA
Prior to EIA approval
After approval of EIA
Pre-construction phase
Before construction starts
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Give approval and permission for forest
clearance of the Government and KCA land
Assist proponent in pegging and evaluation
of the forest resources of the affected forest
stretch
Review of monitoring reports of project
construction and operation and give
SKKHP
Project Management
Office
Environmental and
Social Unit
MoFE
DoE
MoEWRI
DoED
DNPWC
KCA
KCA council
CCFUGs
DCCs
RM
NGOs
CBOs
UGs (WSUG etc)
PAF
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S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule
comments for corrective actions related to
forest and ecology
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Assist the proponent in identification of
compensatory afforestation areas as per the
plans of the district and reserve areas
Advise and assist the proponent in the
forestry awareness programs.
4 Proponent and its
institutional line
offices
Ensure that the EIA measures are
incorporated in the final project design and
tender documents of project construction
and operation
Prior to contract award
Before construction
During construction, and
operation phase
During construction, and
operation
During construction, and
operation
Every 2 month during
construction
Once within 3 months of
construction completion
Once in three months for
the first two years of
operation
Acquire necessary permits and approval for
project construction and operation
Ensure that the project construction and
operation activities are in accordance with
EIA and other GoN legislative requirements
as well as international standards
Monitoring and record keeping regarding
environmental measures and impacts.
Ensure public participation and involvement
in project implementation and operation.
Compilation of environmental monitoring
and performance report and dispatch for
review through proponent to stakeholders
Compilation of Environmental monitoring
and performance report of construction
activity and dispatch for review through
proponent to stakeholders
Compilation of Environmental monitoring
and performance report of operation activity
and dispatch for review to stakeholders.
5 Environmental
Monitoring
Supervision, baseline, compliance and
impact monitoring of construction
contractor's activities as per responsibilities
in the contract document and advise the
proponent and Supervising engineers for
needed actions at the site in regular
environmental management meetings.
Monitoring of implementation of the socio-
economic physical, cultural, chemical and
biological environmental responsibilities of
the proponent not included in the contract
document and advise the proponent for
needed actions
Provide needed corrective action as per the
field requirements to minimize the impacts
Prepare environmental monitoring report of
the project construction and forward to the
proponent for review to the stakeholders
Daily, weekly, monthly,
three monthly
Regularly during
construction phase
Regularly during
construction phase
Bi-monthly during
construction and after three
months of the project
construction completion
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S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule
6 Construction
Supervising
Engineers
Supervise the construction works as per the
provisions of EIA and direct construction
contractor in consultation with the
environmental engineers for the
environmental improvement
Regularly during
construction phase
Monthly during
construction
Preside monthly Environmental
Management, Health, and Safety Meetings
of the supervising engineers, contractors and
Environmental Engineers, maintain the
records for implementation status, and
needed corrective actions.
7 Construction
Contractor
Implement mitigation measures as specified
in EIA or as instructed by supervising
engineer
Daily during construction
phase
First hand monitoring and record keeping of
environmental mitigation measures
implemented and their performance
Regularly during
construction phase.
Implement any corrective actions specified
by supervising engineers within specified
time
Regularly during
construction phase
Provide training to operator First 1 years of operation
phase
8 District
Coordination
Committees
Provide recommendations to the proponent
with comments and suggestions and assist
proponent in the project implementation
Prior to proposal
implementation
Assist in public consultation awareness
building organized by the proponent
Assist and provide suggestions to the
proponent in the matters related to
community mobilization
During construction and
operation
Assist MoFE in the proposal audit During construction and
operation
Review of monitoring reports of project
construction and operation and give
comments for corrective actions
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Ensure that transparency in the project
activities are maintained by all the
concerned stakeholders as per EIA report
and commitments
Regularly during
construction and operation
9 Affected Rural
Municipality
Provide recommendations to the proponent
with comments and suggestions and assist
proponent in the project implementation
Prior to proposal
implementation
Assist in public consultation awareness
building organized by the proponent
Assist and provide suggestions to the
proponent in the matters related to
community mobilization
During construction and
operation
Assist MoFE in the proposal audit During construction and
operation
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S. N Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule
Review of monitoring reports of project
construction and operation and give
comments for corrective actions
Operation
Form Environmental Enhancement
committees in each of the project affected
wards through a public franchise process to
select and assist to implement the programs
of Environmental Enhancement
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Pre-construction and as and
when required during
construction and operation
Regularly during
construction and operation
Ensure that transparency in the project
activities are maintained by all the
concerned stakeholders as per EIA report
and commitments
10 NGOs ,CBOs,
WUG, IUG, PAF
Provide recommendations to the proponent
with comments and suggestions and assist
proponent in the project implementation
Prior to proposal
implementation
Assist in public consultation awareness
building organized by the proponent
During construction and
operation
Assist and provide suggestions to the
proponent in the matters related to
community mobilization
During construction and
operation
Assist MoFE in the proposal audit During construction and
operation
Review of monitoring reports of project
construction and operation and give
comments for corrective actions
As and when required
construction and operation
phases
Assist project affected wards to form
Environmental Enhancement committees in
each of the project affected wards through a
public franchise process to select and assist
to implement the programs of
Environmental Enhancement
Pre-construction and as and
when required during
construction and operation
Ensure that transparency in the project
activities are maintained by all the
concerned stakeholders as per EIA report
and commitments
Regularly during
construction and operation
10.4.2 Project's Environmental Management Office
As per the Nepalese Environmental Protection Rules, environmental management of the
project is the responsibility of the proponent. For SKKHP the proponent’s Project Management
Office (PMO) has the responsibility of Project's Environmental Management.
Hence to ensure that the EIA recommended mitigation and monitoring actions are duly
implemented, monitored, assessed, evaluated and disseminated to the stakeholders for
feedback and improvement, the SKKHP. PMO should establish a separate Environmental and
Social Unit (ESU) of its own. The proposed ESU has four major roles to play. First, it will
implement and administer land and property acquisition/ leasing, compensation of affected
parties. Second, it will implement and administer the program in the project-affected areas.
Third, it will disseminate information to the project's stakeholders and co-ordinate with the
different line agencies. Fourth, it will monitor the environmental and social measures and its
performance as per EIA and EMP.
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The ESU will comprise of two sub-units, namely Environmental and Social Implementation
Sub-Unit (ESISU) and Environmental and Social Monitoring Sub-Unit (ESMSU) Figure 10.4.
The former sub-unit will have the responsibility to implement environmental provisions not
included in the contract documents of the contractor and liaison with the other governmental
and non-governmental organizations. As these works require official responsibilities, the
members of this sub-unit will be the regular members of the proponent organization with past
experience in the implementation of environmental provisions and also in the operation of
Public Information Centre (PIC) and grievance handling.
Figure 10.4: Organization Framework of ESU
The ESMSU, on the other hand will be managed by the consultants with experience in
environmental monitoring of the hydropower projects in the past. As the project envisages a
third party monitoring during construction, the experienced consultants, will be contracted to
fulfill this requirement. They will work in close co-ordination with project ESU coordinator
and ESISU and will report directly to Project ESU coordinator. The ESMSU, once in three
months will carry out a participatory monitoring of the project involving personnel of
Environment Enhancement Committee (EEC), elected body from the project affected Rural
Municipality.
The project ESU shall be established at least six months before the project's civil construction
award. The ESU shall function directly under the Project Manager but the ESMSU will have a
responsibility to co-ordinate with the project's Supervising Consultant, Whereas ESISU will
coordinate with ESU coordinator and stakeholders of the project such as Local wards office,
DCCs, NGOs, CBOs, affected parties, DoED, MoEWRI, and MoFE.
The organizational framework of the ESISU for project pre-construction and construction
phase and its staffing is presented in Figure 10.5 and 10.6.
ESU Co-coordinator - 1
(Deputed from Proponent Organization)
ESISU ESMSU
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Figure 10.5: Organization Framework for ESISU
Figure 10.6: Organization Chart for ESMSU
10.4.3 Administrative and Management Cost for ESU
Office for the ESU shall be established in the engineer's camp as a part of the civil construction
workforce. Administrative and management cost is estimated based on the assumption that
most of the persons shall be hired by the project as project regular staff in case of ESISU and
as consultants for ESMSU. The above costs are included in the project management costs.
10.5 Complain Handling and Grievance Redress
ESMC of the project is the primary cell developed to work in coordination with the locals.
Environmentalist/Safeguard Specialist will be the legalized officer appointed for the
compliance recording and monitoring during preconstruction, construction and post
construction stage of the SKKHP. Local peoples and stakeholders are allowed to drop their
written comment at site office of the project and at its central office. All the comments will
firstly addressed by the Officer of ESMC. The officer will coordinate with the stakeholders and
Land Acquisition/Land
leasing and
compensation Section
Chief - full time 4 years
Environmental
Enhancement Program -
Section Chief -full time 4
years
Project Information
Section - Section Chief
full time - 3 years
Surveyor (1) full time 3 year
Office runner (1) full time –
4 years
Social officer (1) full time 3 years
Office runner (1) full time – 3
years
Office runner (1) for 3
years
Environmental and Social Implementation Sub-unit (ESISU)
(Deputed from proponent organization – 3 yrs)
ESMSU - Section Chief Environmentalists/
Environmental Engineer full time – 3 years
Environmental Management
(Team Leader consultant)
Sociologist (1) consultant full time - 2 years (consultant)
Office runner (1) full time 3 years (support staff)
Part time subject specific consultants (socio-economist/
Terrestrial ecologist/ Aquatic ecologist/ - 15 man
months.)
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bring out the effective solution of the complaint or if complicated will coordinate to link with
the NEA and local stakeholder.
10.5.1 Complain Handling
The Environmental Officer will maintain a “Complaints Register”, recording all complaints
received from individuals or groups within the community, either written or verbal, providing
the following details.
The name of the complainant;
The time and date the complaint was received;
An explanation of the specific complaint;
The signature of the complaint;
The signature of the environmental officer recording the complaint;
The project management officer or the contractor assigned to manage resolution of the
complaint;
The response action taken to resolve the complaint;
The outcome; and,
All complains received by the contractor with the details specified above will be
submitted to the Environmental officer within 24 hours of the receipt of complain.
10.5.2 Grievance and Redress Measures
A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive and facilitate the
resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances on social and
environmental issues. The GRM aims to be proactive and accessible for an effective way to
address their concerns. The GRM will have three levels with time-bound schedules to function,
as noted below.
First level of GRM: The project site office will be the first level of intervention to address the
grievance. Many grievances can be resolved by providing correct and complete information.
The environmental officer will listen and provide information to Affected People and resolve
their issues. The environmental officer will fully document the complaint, including: (i) name
of the person; (ii) date the complaint was received; (iii) nature of the complaint; (iv) location;
and, (v) how the complaint was resolved. These reports will be submitted to the management
officer every month.
Second level of GRM: Should the grievance remain unresolved, the environmental officer will
forward the complaint to the project management officer. The person filing the grievance will
be notified by the officer that his/her grievance was forwarded to the project management
officer. Grievances will be resolved through on-going interaction with the affected persons,
with the project management officer answering queries and resolving grievances regarding
various issues such as social and livelihood impacts and environmental issues. The project
management officer will undertake corrective measures at the field level for environmental,
social and livelihood issues. The project management officer will fully document the following
information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date the complaint was received; (iii) nature of the
complaint; (iv) location; and, (v) how the complaint was resolved.
Third level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved, the issue will be referred to the
Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The GRC will be headed by Project management officer
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and shall consist of members of the concerned Rural Municipality, affected persons, NGOs and
the environmental officer. The affected person can present his or her concerns/issues to the
GRC. All relevant costs of GRC will be borne by the project. The GRC will meet, as necessary,
when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the
field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision in a timely manner as
decided. The environmental officer will be responsible for processing and placing all papers
before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up
action to ensure that formal orders are issued and decisions are carried out.
If each of the above measures fails, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance
in the appropriate courts, which is the formal legal court system as outlined in the Environment
Protection Rule.
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Table 10.3: Environmental Management Action Plan Construction Phase
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
I. Adverse Impacts Physical Environment (Construction Phase)
1 Impacts on land use To minimize the impact permanent
land acquisition will be minimized to
the extent possible made for the
structures like, head works,
powerhouse, headrace tunnel, surge
shaft, tailrace, work camp site,
project office and the access road.
NA NA NA NA Included in project
design cost
2 Impact on
Topography
To minimize the topographic
changes in the major project
components like headwork,
waterway, and powerhouse,
minimum land as possible will be
used. Landscaping of the debris and
spoil/muck disposal sites will be
carried out.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
3 Issues related to
storage of
construction
materials,
construction and
labor camps
Stockpiling sites will be properly
fenced. Side drains will be
constructed. Precaution and warning
signs and firefighting equipment will
be placed at the storage areas.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
4 Change in river
morphology due to
use of quarry sites
Proper engineering design for
sediment flushing will be done and
downstream protection by cut off
wall and launching apron shall be
design for minimizing the adverse
impact in the river morphology.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
262
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
5 Issues related to
river morphology
and drainage pattern
Proper engineering design for
sediment flushing will be done and
downstream protection by cut off
wall and launching apron shall be
design for minimizing the adverse
impact in the river morphology
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in DPR
6 Landslide & soil
erosion due to
excavations works
Pegging and flagging will be done at
the landslide area boundary. Slope
will be maintained less than the
angle of repose to the extent
possible, mostly 45%
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 500,000
7 Solid waste
generated from
camps
Waste generated from construction
activities are usually inert material
which are non-biodegradable e.g.
empty cement bags and containers,
rejected material, plastic, wooden
planks, small structures etc. will be
stored out and kept separated instead
of throwing haphazardly elsewhere.
ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 300,000
7 Muck/spoil disposal
Prior to the disposal of debris dry
gabion wall will be erected on the
stream side or downhill at headwork
area. Disposal of debris at other
place than designated will be strictly
prohibited.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
8 Possibility of
contamination of
soil and water due to
Leakage of oil,
grease & other
chemicals
All spent grease and mobile and
unused or date expired toxic
chemicals will be collected
separately in plastic drums and
stored in a safe place under the
shade. All empty containers of
ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 500,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
263
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
grease, mobile, and toxic chemicals
will be punctured and stored in a safe
place under the shade.
9 Construction camp
sites
Solid waste generated from the camp
site will be collected in a safe
location; segregated and degradable
waste will be made compost and
handed over to the local farmers.
Non degradable waste will be
collected and recycled or reused.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
10 Increased level of
noise and vibration
The construction area will be fenced.
Ear guards will be provided to the
construction workers in the noise
prone areas. All vehicles in the
construction area will be maintained
regularly.
ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
11` Impact due to
seismicity
No mitigation measures are
proposed during construction phase
for seismicity impact.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
11 Change in air
quality
Preventive measures will be taken to
minimize the emission of dust from
the dust prone area such as crushing
plants, batching plants etc. by
spraying water or maintaining
moisturization in construction
materials
ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 350,000
12 Change in water
quality
The storage area will be lined to
reduce potential surface and ground
water pollution in the event of spill.
The used oil and lubricants will be
collected regularly into
drums/barrels or tanks.
ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 350,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
264
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
13 Loss of top soil
generated during
excavation of
project sites
The topsoil will be covered by
plastic and stockpiled over a drained
area. To minimize the soil erosion,
site clearance will be minimized.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
14 Issues related to
internal access road
The construction vehicles and
project vehicles will use the same
road such that there can be the
occurrence of regular traffic jam,
road accidents causing nuisance to
villagers. The associated impacts
due to road construction are
temporary like increase in turbidity
of water, mixing of various wastes,
air pollution, visual pollution, debris
into river water. These impacts are
all temporary and only occur during
construction of road.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in DPR
15 Change on drainage
pattern
The project will not create major
impact on natural drainage, water
body and springs within the project
area during construction phase.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in DPR
16 Issue blasting and
bunker operation
A separate Bunker House will be
constructed and explosive handling
will be carried out with the help of
Nepal Army. Expert geologist will
be consulted for the safety of tunnel
and blasting operation along tunnel
alignment.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
17 Tunnel excavation
problems
Ear guards will be provided to the
construction workers in the noise
prone areas. Blasting activities will
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
265
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
be carried out at the daytime only.
Tunnel will be fitted with the noise-
soaking device.
18 Vibration from
blasting and
operation of heavy
equipment, vehicles
around the
surrounding areas
The construction area will be fenced.
Large noise producing engines such
as air compressors will be fitted with
noise reducing mechanisms. All
vehicles in the construction area will
be maintained regularly.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
19 Issue of handling of
explosive material
Blasting during excavation works
may affect in the stability of the
surrounding area and blasting may
affect the surrounding air and noise
condition due to which the local
people may be affected
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
20 Potential probability
of occurrence of
GLOF hazard
Surface structures of the project will
be damaged due to rock fall, toppling
etc. For the safety surface structures
has been incorporated in project
design and planning.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
design cost
Total: ( Construction Phase cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Physical Environment = 2,000,000
Adverse Impacts Physical Environment (Operation Phase)
1 Changes in
hydrology &
sedimentation
Regular clearance of the settling
basin will be carried out during the
operation phase.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
2 Issues of drainage
due headrace tunnel
alignment crossing
Along the blocked location drainage
and safe handling of natural flow
will be maintained. Such site will be
further trained with bioengineering,
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
266
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
concrete retaining so that erosion
from such site will be controlled.
3 Noise & Vibration
in power house area
The noise impact from the
powerhouse during the operation of
the project will be reduced by
installing sound proof and noise
aquatics system in powerhouse.
ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent 300,000
4 Change in water
quality due to
reduced flow
The impact will be minimized by
constructing a ditch to collect the
sand and aggregate before reaching
to the stream.
ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent 400,000
5 Leakage of oil,
grease and other
chemicals
To minimize the impact, during the
maintenance period chemical
socking materials will be put at the
ground and then later such used
materials will be safely disposed or
buried.
ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent 300,000
6 Change in
microclimate in the
dewatered stretch
Residual Impacts, project cannot do
anything for it
ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
7 Impact of
Seismicity
The planning phase, design phase
and construction phase seismicity
issue will be incorporated in design
of project and strength of project
component will be maintained.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
7 Issues related to
climate change
hazard
To minimize the risk regular
monitoring of catchment will be
carried out. In case of emergency
coping strategy project will be
prepared since the design phase such
as to control sedimentation, to safely
ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
267
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
make flow of sedimentation etc.
8 Water Use and
Right
Kabeli River has not been used by
locals for cremation site, irrigation,
micro-hydro plant, water mill and
other purposes at dewatered area.
Therefore, no mitigation measures
has been adopted.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
9 Potential probability
of occurrence of
GLOF hazard
Surface structures of the project will
be damaged due to rock fall, toppling
etc. For the safety surface structures
has been incorporated in project
design and planning.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA Progressively
during
operation
Project Proponent Included in 1.1,
xxiii
Total: ( Operation Phase cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Physical and Chemical Environment =1,000,000
II. Adverse Impacts Biological Environment (Construction Phase)
1 Loss of Forest and
Vegetation (Plant
Diversity)
To minimize the loss of forest area
and vegetation following mitigation
measures will be implemented in the
Project Rural Municipality.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent 23,000,000
15,008,725
2 Issues of NTFPs &
Medicinal plant
Labor force will be prohibited for the
collection of non-timber forest
products. The cost for the
construction of information board
about the awareness creation against
illegal activities will be allocated by
the project.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Soon after
damage
Project Proponent 250,000
3 Wildlife habitat
disturbance
Programs like habitat management
and food availability of wildlife in
collaboration with KCA and its local
Conservation Area Management
Committee around upstream of
NA NA NA NA Included in 2 A (i)
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
268
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
headworks area.
4 Illegal collection of
forest products by
the workforce/
Increase demand of
firewood and timber
During the construction of
temporary and permanent housing
facilities and other structures the use
of timber will be minimized and the
use of other construction materials
will be encouraged.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Construction
period
Project Proponent 200,000
4 Illegal hunting &
poaching
The construction contractor will
provide special instructions to all its
staff and workforce on conservation
issues. Purchasing and sale of
illegally hunted wildlife products
will be strictly prohibited and the
violators will be dismissed.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Construction
period
Project Proponent 300,000
5 Impacts of
Temporary
Diversion of Water
on Aquatic
ecosystem
No additional mitigation measures
are required and proposed.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Construction
period
Project Proponent Included in project
construction costs
6 Loss of Wildlife and
Wildlife Habitats
Micro watersheds of the area will be
given special attention for the
restoration the natural habitat. Direct
loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat is
not envisaged by the project.
ESISU/ ESMSU EIA Construction
period
Project Proponent Included in 2 A (i)
9 Disturbance to
aquatic flora/fauna
Disturbance in the present faunal
habitat in the river due to silt during
construction phase will be reduced
or minimized as far as possible.
Contractor/ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent 400,000
10 Forest Fire Public awareness programs will be Contractor/ESMSU EIA During Project Proponent 300,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
269
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
launched to prevent the forest fires in
the local area. Project workers will
be regularly informed not to throw
lighted cigarette tips in the forest
areas and not to use forest area as
picnic spots
construction
11 Impact of Forest
Encroachment
Illegal clearing, encroachment to
forest area will be strictly banned to
the project and project workers.
Clearing of the forest vegetation and
stockpiling the vegetation products
before handover will be carried out.
Contractor/ESMSU EIA During
construction
Project Proponent Included in project
construction costs
Total ( Construction Phase Cost) for Adverse Impacts of Biological Environment =39,658,720
Operation Phase for Biological Environment
1 Disturbance to Fish
migration Fish ladder has designed as per type
of fish, their characteristics, habits
and environmental behavior.
Contractor/ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
2 Aquatic Flora &
Fauna
To minimize the impact, the Kabeli
Khola habitat will be maintained
making the stretch favorable to
aquatic flora and fauna.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
3 Disturbance to
habitats of wildlife
habitat
Unnecessary movement of operation
phase work force will be controlled.
So that disturbance on the movement
of wildlife having local level
migratory or movement range will
not be disturbed.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent 300,000
4 Disturbance to
wildlife movement
due to project
To minimize the impact
afforestation will be carried out near
the vicinity of the main project
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent 300,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
270
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
structure component so that it will help for the
habitat restoration of the local area.
No additional measures are proposed
for this impact.
5 Easy access to forest To minimize the impact on these
forest patches regular monitoring
will be carried out along these
patches.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
6 Release of water
downstream during
maintenance
Siren will be blown before 1 hours
by the project staff at least four time
at a time interval of 15 minutes as
warning alarm before the release of
water from the dam during the
normal project for maintenance.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
7 Reduction in water
flow in the
dewatered zone
Project will release 10 % of monthly
average flow as environment flow.
In addition project will concentrate
mentioned watershed management
activities so that immediately
additional release can be made as
replenished discharge
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
8 Issues related to loss
of biodiversity in
KCA
Forest encroachment, illegal
clearance of forest area, illegal
hunting and poaching activities to
the forest will be strictly banned
from project side i.e. by the project
related people, workers and
activities.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent 400,000
9 Possible Forest Fire Public awareness programs will be
launched to prevent the forest fires in
the local area. Project workers will
be regularly informed not to throw
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent 200,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
271
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
lighted cigarette tips in the forest
areas and not to use forest area as
picnic spots.
10 Disturbance to
migratory birds
Minimum tree will be cleared.
Workers will be prohibited from
entering forest area. Workforce will
be instructed and controlled and will
be punished if found to be indulged
on activities that damages the habitat
of birds.
ESMSU EIA During
operation
Project Proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Biological Environment = 1,200,000
III. Adverse Impacts Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment (Construction Phase)
1 Acquisition of land,
& other private
property
Total leasement cost of the
temporary private land is NRs.
97,500. Temporarily used land will
be later rehabilitated. The
rehabilitation cost will be bear by
project.
ESISU EIA 3 months prior
to construction
Project Proponent 55,272,500
2 Issues related to
livelihoods of
affected families
All the private land loss will be
compensated at the current market
price. Negotiation and mutual
understanding method will be
applied while compensating these
lands.
ESISU EIA At the time of
land
occupancy
Project Proponent 250,000
3 Loss of standing
crops
In case of compensation required
for the standing crops estimated
production from the project
requires to compensation of 15.92
MT of food crop (paddy, wheat,
maize, millet, barley, beans,
potato), 1500 bundles of Nigalo,
ESISU/contractor EIA Soon after the
start of
construction
Project Proponent 2,128,229
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
272
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
1600 kg of vegetables, 2.5 MT of
Alaichi, 3450 bhari of fodder from
both permanent and temporary
required lands will be
compensated.
4 Occupational health
& safety hazard
The construction area will be cleared
and fenced off and all the necessary
precaution and warning signpost will
be placed at work sites. This area
will be restricted for the entry of
unauthorized people.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project Proponent 300,000
5 Issue in pressure on
local health &
sanitation facilities
To minimize the impact the
contractor will be made responsible
via contract clause for the primary
health service (first aid) and
campsite management.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
at the time of
blasting
Project Proponent Included in DPR
6 Pressure on
community
infrastructures &
resources
The schools of the project affected
wards, which provide education to
the children of project staff, and
workers will be supported.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project Proponent 300,000
7 Impact due to
conflict of interest
between project
workers and local
people
To minimize the conflict of interest
project will facilitate the Project
wards to formulate a SKKHPP
Concern Committee.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project Proponent 300,000
8 Impact on social,
cultural & religious
practices
To minimize the impact on social
and cultural practices of local
communities, a strong code of
conduct will be enforced to the
outside construction workers.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project Proponent 200,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
273
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
9 Issues on law &
order
Coordination will be maintain with
the local and district level
administrative units of GoN. The
proposed awareness program will
also minimized this impact to some
extent.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project Proponent 200,000
10 Issues related to
gender &
indigenous and
vulnerable
communities/groups
of Project Area sues
related to gender &
disadvantage groups
Participation of Dalit and women in
Hydropower Concern Committee
will be encouraged by the project.
Special training to Women, Dalit,
Limbu, and Walung and Rai
(Disadvantageous groups) and
Indigenous groups will be provided
under the Environmental
Enhancement Program.
ESISU EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project proponent 150,000
11 Issues of foot trails
along canal
alignment
Internal access road will be
constructed for the project which
after completion of construction will
easily be used by local of the areas.
So foot trails that are influenced due
to project construction will be
relocated on suitable location that
ease assess in project structure and
its temporary facilities.
Contractor/ ESISU EIA Progressively
during
construction
Project proponent 400,000
12 Issues on houses
and settlements
along water
conveyance
alignment
Project has come up with the
following measure to have proper
managements of the settlements
around the core area so that the
settlements will not disturb the
ongoing development of the
project.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
274
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
13 Issues of blasting
and other
construction
activities
The petroleum bunkers will be
placed in a separate area in a
concrete bonded area with a facility
of oil and grease separator. The
impact will be incorporated since the
design phase of the project.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
14 Impacts related to
tourism activity
The materials needed for the tourist
will be made available as far as
possible so that it do not pressurized
the local resources.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
15 Impact of solid
waste
Segregation of solid waste and
recycling, reduce and reuse system
of solid waste management system
will be strictly followed. Solid
Waste Management Regulation of
GoN, 2070 will be strictly followed.
Contractor EIA Progressively
during
construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
16 Land Encroachment Illegal clearing, encroachment to
forest area will be strictly banned to
the project and project workers.
Haphazard clearance and NTFPs
collection will be checked.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
17 Water use right To minimize the impact of water use,
the project will further release of
10% of monthly flow from Kabeli
River.
ESISU EIA During
Construction
Project proponent Included in project
Construction costs
Total ( Construction Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment = 59,500,729
Adverse Impacts Socioeconomic & Cultural Environment (Operation Phase)
1 Decrease or
withdrawal in
economic activities
The local farmers, business people
and traders will be made aware of the
income generating activities that
could be operated by the availability
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 300,000
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
275
S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
of the electricity in their area.
2 Occupation Health
& Safety Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) and other safety equipment as
required during operation phase will
be provided.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 300,000
3 Reduction of
agricultural land
The temporarily used land will be
rehabilitated by project itself and
handed over to the respective
owner.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent Included in 3.1, i
4 Release of water
downstream in the
dewatered stretch on
the people &
wildlife
Siren network will be established in
the dewatered zone by the project.
Local people will be given
awareness training to safeguard their
cattle from the flood plain area after
the siren is blown.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
5 Impact arising due
to penstock/pressure
shaft crossing
The impact will be incorporated
since the design phase of the project.
Blockage to the natural flow due to
pressure shaft/ penstock alignment
will be strictly prohibited.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 200,000
6 Dislocation
/disturbance to foot
trails along canal
alignment
Destructed land area will be
stabilized immediately and
destructed structures will be also
repaired instantly or other protective
measures will be also constructed if
necessary.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 200,000
7 Issues related to
tourism activity and
its pressure on local
resources
To minimize the pressure in the
local resources due to visit of more
tourists, health and drinking water
facilities will be established,
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 300,000
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S. N Impact Mitigation Measures Individuals /Agency
responsible
National
Standards
or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of
Actions
Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
tourist will not allowed to enter the
forest without guide, hunting and
poaching will be strictly
prohibited.
8 Water Use Right Natural condition of ecosystem
could not be anticipated and impact
will remain as residual.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent Will be included in
project operation
cost
9 Issues to indigenous
and vulnerable
communities/groups
of Project Area
Priority to job opportunity will be
provided to the people of affected
indigenous, vulnerable and
backward group or families in the
project area in order to raise their
living standard. Special training to
Women, Dalit, Limbu, Sherpa, and
Rai communities.
Contractor/ ESMSU EIA During
Operation
phase
Project proponent 250,000
Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment = 1,550,000
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10.6 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan
The environmental mitigation measures described in chapter VII will be implemented in
different phases of proposal implementation. Environmental management actions to be
undertaken and to be adopted for the realization of mitigation measures for Pre-construction,
Construction, Post Construction and Operation Phases are presented in the Table 10.4, 10.5,
10.6 and 10.7. The Environmental Mitigation Management Plan briefly describes impacts,
description of mitigation action required, individual or agency responsible, national standards
and guidelines, timing of actions, responsible authority, and tentative financial requirements.
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Table 10.4: Procedure for the implementation and incorporation of EIA and Environmental Management Plan during Pre-
construction Phase S. N Mitigation Measures Individuals
responsible
National
Standards or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of Actions Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
1 Approval from the KCA to use the
KCA area as stipulated in the
development plan at least 3 months
before the start of the construction
ESMSU/SE EIA 3 months prior
construction
Project Proponent Included in ESMSU
contract
2 Approval from the KCA of the
forest areas required for the project
ESMSU/SE EIA 3 months prior
construction
Project Proponent Included in ESISU
contract
3 Completion of compensation for the
private land and community land at
least 3 months before the start of the
construction works
ESISU EIA 3 months prior
construction
Project Proponent Cost incorporated in
compensation
4 Handing over the land required for
construction at least 2 months before
the construction works to contractor
Project Manager EIA 2 months prior
construction
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
5 Written agreement between the
contractor and the private land
owners submitted to the proponent
engineers prior to the occupancy of
the temporary land
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
6 Contractor submit the construction
camp arrangement plan (contractor,
and labor camps and other camps)
for approval to the engineers before
construction and get approval from
engineers prior to the start of
construction
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
7 Contractor submit the quarry,
burrow pit excavation and
rehabilitation plan to the engineers
for approval before construction and
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
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S. N Mitigation Measures Individuals
responsible
National
Standards or
Guidelines/
Approved
Documents
Timing of Actions Competent
Authority/agency
Mitigation Costs
(NRs)
get approval from engineers prior to
the start of construction
8 Contractor submit the spoil disposal
and rehabilitation plan to the
engineers before construction and
get approval from engineers prior to
the start of construction
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
9 Contractor submit health and safety
operation plan to the engineers for
approval before construction and get
approval from engineers prior to the
start of construction
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
10 Contractor submit the emergency
preparedness plan to the engineers
before construction and get approval
from engineers prior to the start of
construction
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
11 The contractor submit overall
environmental management plan of
the construction works within the
premises of the construction area to
the engineers and get approval prior
to the start of construction works
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in contract
bid
12 The engineers examine the plans in
the context of approved EIA and
give approval with or without
modification prior to the start of
construction works to the contractor
Contractor/
ESMSU/SE
EIA Prior to land
occupancy
Project Proponent Included in ESMSU
/SA contract
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Table 10.5: Disaster Risk Management Plan S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Formulation of Disaster Risk
Reduction and coping team in
project
Construction Internal project access
roads, Penstock pipe
area, powerhouse,
tailrace
Project Proponent,
Contractor
2 Identification of Disaster
prone areas such as landslide
hazard zone, river flood plain
areas, etc.
Construction Internal project access
roads, camps, storage
area, powerhouse, muck
disposal sites etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
3 Regular maintenance of of
project components along the
flood plain.
Post-construction Penstock pipe
alignment, powerhouse,
muck disposal sites etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
4 Protection measures in the
landslide prone areas and
areas with risk of floods and
soil erosion.
Construction Penstock pipe
alignment, powerhouse,
muck disposal sites etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
5 Engineering techniques like
bioengineering, gabion walls,
retaining walls, drainage
managements
Construction camps, storage area,
powerhouse, muck
disposal sites etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
6 Alarming and Training to task
group will be given to cope
with disasters and emergency
Post-construction Penstock pipe
alignment, powerhouse,
muck disposal sites,
nearby settlements, etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
7 Occupational Health Safety
and Environmental Safety will
be made strict for the
implementation
Construction Internal project access
roads, camps, storage
area, powerhouse, muck
disposal sites etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
Table 10.6: Emergency Preparedness Management Plan S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Provision of sirens to inform the people of
the emergencies (fire hazards, chemical
hazard, traffic accidents, earthquake etc.)
and drill operations.
Construction Internal project
access roads,
intake, Penstock
pipe powerhouse,
etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
2 A system will be developed for warning or
informing people before release of water
downstream like siren. Awareness program
will be conducted to educate local people
about the importance of siren warning
system, possibilities of accidents and other
possible impacts.
Construction Intake, penstock
pipe alignment,
powerhouse,
muck disposal
sites, nearby
settlements, etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
3 Siren network will be established in the
dewatered zone and will be blown for 5
minutes continuously by the project staff
and repeat if necessary as warning alarm
before the release of water from the dam for
maintenance.
Construction
and post-
construction
Intake, penstock
pipe alignment,
powerhouse,
muck disposal
sites, nearby
settlements, etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
4 Provision of stabilizing equipment and
facilities to the injured before they could be
moved to the nearest hospital with good
facilities.
Construction Intake, penstock
pipe alignment,
powerhouse,
muck disposal
sites, etc
Project Proponent,
Contractor
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Table 10.7: Decommissioning plan of temporary facilities S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Rehabilitation of the
excavated slopes of the
construction areas using
appropriate bio-engineering
measures /enrichment
plantation /vegetative cover
Post-Construction Internal project access roads,
penstock pipe area,
powerhouse, tailrace
Project
Proponent,
Contractor
2 Rehabilitation of the drainage
networks as to the
requirement (some area might
need strengthening while in
some it might have to
demolished completely to
give the land and drainage to
natural condition)
Post-Construction Internal project access roads,
camps, storage area,
powerhouse, muck disposal
sites etc.
Project
Proponent,
Contractor
3 Demolition of all unnecessary
structures, their foundations,
and clean up and reclaim the
sites to pre-construction phase
Post-construction Temporary residential
camps, storage yards,
mechanical yards, batching
plant, aggregate crushers,
aggregate washing plants,
waste water treatment sites
and aggregate washout
discharges etc.
Project
Proponent,
Contractor
4 Rehabilitation of the muck
disposal site with proper
drainage facility, leveling and
compaction as per approved
plan. Use of the saved top soil
on the top of the disposal sites
to develop the land in an
usable land for plantation/
garden/picnic spot
Post-Construction Muck disposal site Project
Proponent,
Contractor
5 Rehabilitation of the quarry
area in such a way that
puddles and depressions are
not left out
Post-construction Quarry area Project
Proponent,
Contractor
6 Handover of the leased land
sites to the respective owner
and get a certificate of
handover
Post –construction Quarry Area /Labor camps Project
Proponent,
Contractor
Table 10.8: Erosion Abatement and Spoil Management Plan
S
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Potential landslide and soil erosion will be
controlled through:
Pegging and flagging on the boundary of
the landslide area
Maintenance of slope less than the angle of
repose
Provision of proper drains
Bio-engineering measures on landslide
Pre-construction,
Construction
Project area Project Proponent,
Contractor
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S
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
Grass turfing on gentle slopes and
concreting on the steep slope with benching
height >3 m and proper drainage
2 All surface excavation above 3 m vertical
height will be excavated through benching
Construction All project
sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
3 The excavated surface will be protected
against the water erosion by adequate
vertical and horizontal drainages and the
water collected from the excavation area
will be discharged into safe area.
Construction All project
sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
4 Stockpiling and storage of the construction
materials in designated sites only.
Prohibition on the stockpiling of
construction materials in other areas
Construction All project
sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
5 Muck disposal will be carried out in the
designated sites Prohibition of disposal in
other non-designated areas
Construction Headworks,
powerhouse
Project Proponent,
Contractor
6 Prior to the start of disposal, the contractor
will make a plan for disposal and get
approval from Project Management. The
plan will have adequate protection
measures e.g. for protection of the disposal
areas to ensure safe from the monsoon
washout.
Construction disposal sites Project Proponent,
Contractor
7 The spoil deposited will be properly
compacted and will be facilitated by
surface runoff drainage to avoid air
pollution and run off erosion. Land of about
6.21 m will be used for the disposal of
mucks.
Construction disposal sites Project Proponent,
Contractor
8 All construction sites will be facilitated
with run off drainages during construction
period and later re-modified to suit to the
local conditions in the operation period as
permanent network. The runoff water
collected will be safely discharged to the
natural water bodies
Construction All project
construction
sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
9 All project facility sites (camps,
mechanical yards, storage facilities,
disposal sites etc.) will have drainage
facilities to collect and discharge the runoff
water safely to the natural water bodies.
Construction All project
facility sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
10 The internal project access road will be
provided permanent side drain structures to
collect water from the upslope area. The
collected water of the side drains will be
discharged to suitable natural waterway to
avoid upstream and downstream erosion
Construction All project
sites
Project Proponent,
Contractor
11 Cleaning of the roadside drains and other
drainage structures in a regular interval to
make it functional.
Construction Internal
project access
roads and
drainages in
other areas
Project Proponent,
Contractor
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Table 10.9: Siren Management Plan S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Siren system will be installed in dewatered
zone and nearest settlement.
Construction
and operation
Internal project
access roads,
intake, penstock
pipe/penstock,
powerhouse,
dewatered zone,
nearest settlement
Project Proponent,
Contractor
2 Sirens to inform the people of the emergencies
(fire hazards, chemical hazard, traffic
accidents, earthquake, flood etc.) and drill
operations. Siren will be blown continuously
for 30 seconds or more in interval of 5 minutes
so that the locals will aware of the emergency
and can take the preventive measures.
Construction
and operation
Internal project
access road, intake,
penstock pipe,
powerhouse,
dewatered zone,
nearest settlement
Project Proponent,
Contractor
2 During maintenance, siren network will be
established in the dewatered zone and Siren
will be blown before 1 hours by the project
staff at least four time at a time interval of 15
minutes as warning alarm before the release of
water from the dam during the normal project
for maintenance.
Operation Internal project
access roads,
intake, penstock
pipe/penstock,
powerhouse, muck
disposal sites,
nearby settlements,
etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
4
n case of emergency release, immediately after
knowing the situation, siren will be blown
continuously for 1 minutes or more in interval
of 10 minutes so that the locals will aware of
the emergency and can take the preventive
measures. Repeat if necessary, as warning
alarm before the release of water from the dam
for maintenance.
Operation Internal project
access roads,
intake, penstock
pipe, powerhouse,
nearby settlements,
etc.
Project Proponent,
Contractor
5 Awareness program will be conducted to
educate local people about the importance of
siren warning system, possibilities of accidents
and other possible impacts.
Construction
and Operation
Nearest settlements Project Proponent,
Contractor
Table 10.10: Wildlife Management Plan for Red panda and Snow Leopard S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 The NPWC Act, 1973, has made the clear
provision of complete protection of protected
wildlife of Nepal including Red Panda under
the Section 10 of the Act. In Section 26 (2) of
the Act, there is a provision of fine upto
40,000-75,000 to any person who kills or tries
to kill Red Panda or jailed for 1-10 years, or
both.
Construction
and Operation
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU
2 Coordination with the Red Panda Network,
which has been working in eastern Nepal
could also have played a role in fostering the
more positive attitudes in non-protected areas
Establish effective community based anti-
poaching · program.
Construction
and Operation
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU
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S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
3 Vulnerable areas should be identified and
subsequently ecoregion-wise, plant species
should be planted to improve the habitat
conditions. Impetus has to be given to revive
the dried water sources inside the forest, as
water is a critical habitat component for the red
pandas.
Construction
and Operation
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU
4 Potential red panda habitat where red panda
has not been encountered recently may be
taken up for re-populating through a
combination of habitat improvement and wild-
to-wild translocation. Captive to wild
translocation could also be taken up with
utmost care, and after complying with all
relevant national and international guidelines
about ex-situ conservation, re-population and
related matters
Construction
and Operation
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU
5 Depute trained manpower at transit point to
control illegal trade. Aware and trained
Custom Officials to control illegal · trafficking
Trans-boundary agreement should be
implemented at PA levels.
Need agreement with Concerned stakeholders
to ensure regulations required for controlling
feral dog populations was complied,
sensitization of army personnel, as well as the
community in forest fringes for controlling the
population of these feral dogs
Operation
Period
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU/ESISU
6 Compliance to Snow leopard conservation
action plan for Nepal implemented by the
Department of National Parks and Wildlife
Conservation (DNPWC) in close partnership
with the Department of Forests and Soil
Conservation (DoFSC), National Trust for
Nature Conservation (NTNC), WWF Nepal,
and other local, national, and international
conservation organizations.
Construction
and Operation
Period
Internal Project
Access Road,
Headworks,
Headrace tunnel
alignment,
Penstock
pipe/penstock,
Tailrace tunnel
ESMSU/ESISU
7 Involvement of members of Conservation area
management committee during project
construction in order to ease normal
movement and ranging behavior in prime
snow leopard habitats and support regular
awareness camps and developing local
capacity to reduce human-snow leopard
conflict
Construction Project components
and Facilities
ESMSU/ESISU
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Table 10.11: Explosive Handling Management Plan S
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Explosive for blasting, which
will be procured from the
Nepal Army
Construction Tunnel and
Underground structure
Contractor/Project
Proponent
2 Siren will be blown before 1
hour of explosion and will be
blown continuously for 30
seconds or more in interval of
5 minutes
Construction Tunnel and
Underground structure
Contractor/Project
Proponent
3 One separate structure for
bunker house will be
constructed at construction
yard for the safe storage of
toxic chemicals, explosives
and detonators needed for the
project.
Construction Powerhouse site Contractor/Project
Proponent
4 Storage and handling of
explosive is risky and needs
high-level attention and help
of securities.
Construction Headrace area Contractor/Project
Proponent
5 The bunker for the storage and
handling of the explosives will
be constructed in the premises
of Nepal Army.
Construction Headrace tunnel area Contractor/Project
Proponent
6 As minimum as possible
blasting activities will be
carried out in daytime.
Construction Headrace tunnel Contractor/Project
Proponent
7 Surface, blasting activities
will be carried out only at
daytime. People will restrict to
enter the blasting area.
Post-construction Headrace tunnel Contractor/Project
Proponent
8 Blasting activities could have
the impact on the existing
topography and settlement.
However, these settlements
are far from the area these
need blasting action.
Construction Headrace tunnel and
nearby settlements
Contractor/Project
Proponent
9 The chemicals released from
the explosive will be disposed
safely
Construction Headrace Tunnel Contractor/Project
Proponent
Table 10.12: Afforestation Plan S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 As compensatory plantation,
50,000 seedlings of tree
species will be planted by
proponent for cutting 500 trees
for the project at appropriate
places in and around the
Project area.
Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/
ESMSU/ESISU
2 3728 seedlings (1600
seedlings per hectares) of tree
species will be planted by
Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/
ESMSU/ESISU
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S.
N
Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
proponent in compensated
land at appropriate places in
and around the Project area for
the using 2 ha government
land permanently.
3 The proponent will manage
the plantation area for 5 years
in this own cost and handover
the plantation forests to KCA.
Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/
ESMSU/ESISU
4 With due consideration on
possible survival rate of the
sapling to be planted, the
project will allocate necessary
budget for re-planting of
necessary seedlings.
Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/
ESMSU/ESISU
5 In addition, replacement
plantation will be done for
those saplings that will die
within five years.
Operation Phase Replaced land Project Proponent/
ESMSU/ESISU
Table 10.13: Watershed Management Plan
SN Activities Schedule Location Responsibilities
1 Considering the risk
associated with sediment flow
the watershed protection
works of the Kabeli khola will
be taken.
Construction
/operation
Watershed area/Settling
basin
Project Proponent,
Contractor
2 Regular clearance of the
settling basin will be carried
out during the operation phase
especially during rainy season.
Thus collected sediment will
be put safely.
Operation Watershed area/Settling
basin
Project Proponent,
Contractor
3 Mandatory release of 10% of
minimum monthly flow water
from the weir axis will be
made.
Operation Powerhouse site Project Proponent,
Contractor
4 Conservation awareness
programs to conserve the
micro watershed will be
carried out.
Operation Nearby settlement Project Proponent,
Contractor
5 Micro watersheds of the area
will be given special attention
for the restoration the natural
habitat. Plantation of native
trees will be done in barren
land of watershed area.
Operation Watershed area Contractor/
ESMSU/ESISU
6. Aligning anchor blocks,
bioengineering techniques,
gabion wall and other
protective walls will be
constructed along the
vulnerable slopes and
topography of watershed.
Construction
/operation
Watershed area Project Proponent,
Contractor
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10.7 Environmental Monitoring Management Plan
The environmental monitoring plan designed for the project has three main objectives;
To ensure that the project baseline conditions were adequately documented such that a
comparative assessment of the project baseline before and after the project could be
made objectively for impact evaluation
To ensure that the mitigation commitments to minimize the predicted adverse impacts
and maximize the beneficial impacts including the environmental enhancement
programs were actually complied and implemented in time and with sincerity by the
project.
To verify that the project impacts were within the limits of the EIA impact prediction
or some unforeseen impacts also occurred during project development and what
measures were taken to minimize the unforeseen impacts.
Taking into account of the above objectives, three types of monitoring are envisaged in the
plan, namely: Baseline Monitoring, Compliance Monitoring and Impact Monitoring. Since the
required databases for the environmental baseline (except for air and noise) are already
collected by the EIA study, the project is not envisaged to require Baseline Monitoring in other
environmental sectors except for ambient air and noise levels.
The compliance monitoring comprises two parts; the first is the compliance to the mitigation
management plan as depicted in Table 7.3 including the corrective actions issued by the
ESMSU and other stakeholders. The second part comprises of the legal standards and guideline
issued by the government of Nepal and the approval and permit conditions as given in section
10.3 of this management plan.
The impact monitoring comprises monitoring of the key baseline indicators whose pre-project
baseline is well documented for a comparative environmental assessment in various stages of
project development.
Table 10.13, 10.14 and 10.15 presents the baseline monitoring plan, compliance monitoring
plan and impact monitoring plan in a matrix format showing monitoring indicators, monitoring
methods, frequency of monitoring, responsible parties along with the required cost estimates.
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Table 10.14: Baseline Monitoring Plan S. N Indicator Individuals responsible Methods Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment (NRs.)
1 Ambient air quality
for TSP (ug.m3)
ESMSU High volume air
sample /Low volume
air sampler
24 hrs./ once prior to start
of construction
Near Headwork, Adit
tunnel, Headrace tunnel,
Penstock pipe/Penstock &
Powerhouse sites
215,000
2 Noise Level ESMSU Noise Level Meter 15 minutes for four
different time zone
Near Headwork, Adit
tunnel, headrace tunnel,
Penstock pipe/ penstock &
Powerhouse sites
185,000
3 Water quality ESMSU Laboratory Analysis 4 times prior to start of
construction
Near Headwork, downhill
of headrace tunnel,
Downhill of surge shaft,
Powerhouse site
200,000
600,000
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 10.15: Compliance Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation Phase S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
A. Pre-construction Phase
1 Approval of government land acquisition
and tree clearance from cabinet.
Government land acquisition and clearance
of trees in project site
ESMSU Approval Document Review of
approval letter of
GoN for KCA
area
Once Site office Included in
construction
management
2 Contractor submit the construction camp
arrangement plan (contractor, and labor
camps and other camps) for approval to the
engineers before construction and get
approval from engineers prior to the start of
construction
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of work
plan of
construction of
camps
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
management
3 Contractor submit the quarry, burrow pit
excavation and rehabilitation plan to the
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of
quarry, burrow
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
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S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
engineers for approval before construction
and get approval from engineers prior to the
start of construction
pit excavation
and rehabilitation
plan
management
4 Contractor submit the muck disposal and
rehabilitation plan to the engineers before
construction and get approval from engineers
prior to the start of construction
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of muck
disposal and
rehabilitation
plan
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
management
5 Contractor submit health and safety
operation plan to the engineers for approval
before construction and get approval from
engineers prior to the start of construction
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of health
and safety
operation plan to
the engineers
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
management
6 Contractor submit the emergency
preparedness plan to the engineers before
construction and get approval from engineers
prior to the start of construction
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of
emergency
preparedness
plan
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
management
7 The contractor submit overall environmental
management plan of the construction works
within the premises of the construction area
to the engineers and get approval prior to the
start of construction works
ESMSU Submission
documents
Review of
environmental
management plan
Once Site office/
Engineers
Included in
construction
management
8 The engineers examine the plans in the
context of approved EIA and give approval
with or without modification prior to the start
of construction works to the contractor
ESMSU Approval documents Review of
approved EIA
Once Site
office/Engi
neers
Included in
construction
management
B. Construction Phase
I. Socio-economic & Cultural Environment
Adverse Issues
9 Priority employment in the project and other
rehabilitation support
ESMSU Employment records/
consultation with
local people
Number of
skilled and
unskilled human
resources from
local area and
outsider, number
2 months Site office
Project site
“” “”
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290
S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
of male and
female human
resources
10 Compensation to the concerned stakeholder
as per the lease price of the Forest Regulation
for the period of land occupancy, forest land,
KCA
ESMSU Compensation
records/ consultation
with local people,
offices
Compensation
cost of leased
land of KCA and
private land given
in approved EIA
Once Site office
Project site
“” “”
11 Compensation of the aggregate volume
excavated as per DCC guideline
ESMSU DCC guidelines Compensation
cost for
extracting
aggregates form
KCA land
2 months Site office
Project site
“” “”
12 Support health service facility within the
construction camps
ESMSU Site observation Number of health
care centers.
2 months Project site “” “”
13 Support to local administrative units of local
governments
ESMSU Consultation with
local government
official
Trainings to the
staffs about local
governance
2 months Project site “” “”
14 Separate water supply and communication
facility for the camp
ESMSU Site observation Number of taps in
camp
2 months Project site “” “”
15 Establish sanitation management unit in
construction sites and camps
ESMSU Site observation Number of toilets
in camps as per
guidelines.
Sufficient source
of water supply
2 months Project site “” “”
16 Launch community awareness program on
communicable disease
ESMSU Training records/
consultation with
local people
Complains on
number of
communicable
disease
Awareness
programs and
trainings
2 months Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
17 Organize regular ethical behavioral
programs to outside workers
ESMSU Request police
records/ Consultation
with workers
Number of
training related
on ethical
behaviors and
police records
2 months Project site “” “”
19 Request district Police Office to increase the
police personnel to enhance the local law and
order.
ESMSU Consultation to
police personnel
Number of
complains on
social conflicts
and police
personnel
2 months Project site “” “”
20 Awareness training to project personnel ESMSU Consultation with
project personnel
Number and type
of awareness
training to project
human resources
2 months Site office “” “”
21 The project contractors and the workforce
will be obliged through contractual
provisions
ESMSU Consultation with
local people and
review contractual
provision
Review of
detailed design
and proposed
work plan
2 months Project site “” “”
22 KCA post will be assisted financially for the
construction of residential and office blocks
of up to 50 personnel
ESMSU Consultation with
KCAP for financial
support
Budget allocated
for construction
of KCA post
2 months Project site “” “”
23 For the project construction period, project
will provide salary and allowances for
additional 10 game scouts to increase
monitoring and surveillance of the nearby
KCA area.
ESMSU records/ consultation
with KCAP
Number of game
scouts and budget
allocated
2 months Project site “” “”
24 Establishment of a centrally located health
service facility
ESMSU Direct observation Number of health
service facility
post
2 months Project site “” “”
25 Provision of standby ambulance in the
centrally located health service facility
ESMSU Direct observation Number of
ambulance
2 months Project site “” “”
26 Provisions of medical stocks and other
support facilities in the centrally located
ESMSU Direct observation Types of support
to the health
2 months Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
health facility to stabilize the conditions of
injured prior
center
27 Provision of first aid facility in the
construction camps, and construction sites
ESMSU Direct observation Provision of First
aid kits and other
facilities
2 months Project site “” “”
28 Provision of personnel protective equipment
such as helmets, gloves, boots, mask, ear
plugs, safety belts etc. as to the requirement
of the construction work
ESMSU Direct observation Number of
helmets, gloves,
boots, mask, ear
plugs, safety belts
provided for
human resources
2 months Project site “” “”
29 Organize regular safety instruction and
safety drills prior to, during and after the
working hours in a routinely manner
ESMSU Direct observation Safety instruction
program
2 months Project site “” “”
30 Place hoarding boards, and traffic signs in
the critical points in traffic corridor and
conduct awareness campaigns to locals
ESMSU Direct observation Number of
holding boards
and number of
awareness
program on
traffic sign and
traffic corridor
2 months Project site “” “”
31 Place danger sign in critical danger areas in
the construction sites
ESMSU Direct observation Number of
danger sign
placed and
locations
2 months Project site “” “”
32 All the construction sites will be fenced and
unauthorized persons will not be allowed in
the construction sites
ESMSU Direct observation Fencing location
and materials
used
2 months Project site “” “”
33 Sirens will be blown before 1 hours by the
project staff at least four time at a time
interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm
before 1 hours by the project staff at least
four time at a time interval of 15 minutes as
ESMSU Direct observation Trainings of siren
system and
number of
accidents
recorded
2 months Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
warning alarm before the release of water
from the dam during the normal project for
maintenance.
34 All visitors in the construction site will be
instructed to wear protective helmets and
other safety gears
ESMSU Direct observation Number of
trainings and
protective
helmets, other
safety gears
2 months Project site “” “”
35 Gender will not be a reason for employment
discrimination. Equal opportunity will be
given to male and female in the employment
with certain percentage reservation to female
ESMSU Direct observation/
consultation with
women groups
Number of male
and female
human resources
and salary of
male and female
human resources
2 months Project site “” “”
36 Construction workforce will be instructed
not to indulge in gender impartial activities
and if found involved will be expelled from
project jobs and complaint is filed to police
station for other legal actions
ESMSU Records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Number of police
complains/Gende
r equality
2 months Project site “” “”
37 Under aged child will not be employed for
the construction jobs or in jobs within the
camps of client and contractors.
ESMSU Records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Number of
complains of
child labour
2 months Project site “” “”
II. Physical and Chemical Environment
Adverse Issues
38 Landscaping of the excavated areas to match
with the surrounding topographic forms
ESMSU direct observation, Number of muck
disposal area and
its capacity
2 months Project site “” “”
39 Landscaping of the spoil deposition areas to
match with the surrounding topographic
forms
ESMSU direct observation, Spoil disposal
areas and
aesthetic values
monthly Project site “” “”
40 Honking of vehicular horns will be restricted
by placing signs along the traffic corridors
ESMSU direct observation,
discussions with the
Noise level
measurement
Daily Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
and in the construction sites local communities using noise level
meter in access
road and number
of no horn zone
41 Mechanical noise of the equipment and
machinery will be minimized by regularly
maintaining the equipment and machinery
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Noise level
measurement
using noise level
meter in access
road
Dally Project site “” “”
42 Noise generating activities will be restricted
to the day time zone only
ESMSU direct observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Noise level
measurement
using noise level
meter in access
road
Daily Project site “” “”
43 The ventilators and adit portals will be fitted
with noise control device
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Noise level
measurement
using noise level
meter
Daily Project site “” “”
44 Cut batter slopes above 1.5 height will be
protected by bio-engineering
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Record of slope
failures, location
for
bioengineering
monthly Project site “” “”
45 Side casting of the excavated materials will
be minimized. All the spoils will be
deposited at the designated muck disposal
sites
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of
spoil/muck
disposal area
daily Project site “” “”
46 Side drains will be made all along the
internal access roads with drainage bypass at
appropriate location to minimize the surface
run off erosion of the road surface.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Side drains/poth
holes/Water
logging along
access road/
angle of repose
monthly Project site “” “”
47 Prohibition of muck disposal in the
unauthorized areas
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of muck
disposal area
Daily Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
48 Dry gabion wall of about 0.5 m shall be
erected on the river side before deposition of
the spoils in the river bank to avoid toe
erosion of the spoil in the monsoon
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Gabio wall, Toe
erosion,
deposition of
spoils
monthly Project site “” “”
49 Appropriate drainage will be established
around the muck disposal
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Drainage around
muck disposal
area
monthly Project site “” “”
50 The spoil deposition surface will be
compacted and drainage will be established
after the completion of the spoil deposition
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Spoil
compactiona and
drainage facility
monthly Project site “” “”
51 Quarry slope will managed through benching
at every 5 m to avoid land instability problem
at the quarried slope.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Land Instability
and Benching in
quarried slope
monthly Project site “” “”
52 Prohibition to excavation at quarry forming
steep slopes (above 70 degree)
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Stability of
quarry sites
monthly Project site “” “”
53 Appropriate drainage management plan and
execution of the plan around the headwork
areas
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Drainage
management plan
around headwork
area
monthly Project site “” “”
54 Side drains will be made all along the
internal access roads with drainage bypass at
appropriate location to minimize the surface
run off erosion of the road surface.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of
surface runoff
and its prevention
technique;
number of side
drains
monthly Project site “” “”
III. Chemical Environment
Adverse Issue
55 Regular water sprinkling in the Main access
road corridors in the dry season will be
carried out to arrest the road blown dusts
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of times
of water sprinkle
per day
Daily Project site “” “”
56 All vehicles and machinery used in the
project will be in compliance with emission
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Regular
Maintenance and
Every six months Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
standards set for vehicles and machinery by
MoFE
servicing of
vehicles
57 Waste water discharges will be settled in a
sedimentation tank before releasing into the
receiving water body
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Water treatment
plants, volume of
sedimentation
settled
Daily Project site “” “”
58 Waste water from the aggregate washing
plant and crusher will be settled into
sedimentation tank before releasing into the
receiving water bodies
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Water treatment
plants, volume of
sedimentation
settled
Daily Project site “” “”
59 Waste water from the batching plant,
mechanical equipment yards will be settled
into sedimentation tanks before releasing in
to the receiving water bodies
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Water treatment
plants, volume of
sedimentation
settled
Daily Project site “” “”
60 All spent mobile, greases, lubricating oils in
the mechanical and equipment yards and
other hazardous waste of camps and
construction sites will be collected separately
and kept in plastic drums for safe disposal as
per the instruction of engineers. Haphazard
disposal of the spent petroleum products and
hazardous waste will be prohibited.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Waste Water
treatment plans
Safe disposal in
sanitary landfill
sites for
daily Project site “” “”
61 A separate bounded area with cemented floor
will be designated for the reserve of
petroleum products. The run off discharges
of the floor will be passed through oil/ grease
separator before releasing into the natural
water bodies. The separated oil and grease
will be collected in plastic drums for disposal
as authorized by the engineers
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Oil grease
separator, Water
quality
2 months Project site “” “”
62 Temporary toilets with earthen pit (one for
every 30 workers) will be developed in all
the active construction sites and mechanical
equipment yards. Open defecation in and
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of toilets
in camp and
sanitation
Daily Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
around the construction sites will be
prohibited
situations
63 The drums and containers of the toxic
chemicals will be collected in a separate
bounded area for later disposal as authorized
by the engineers.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Waste treatment
and its disposal
Daily Project site “” “”
64 All the engineer's camps, contractor's camps,
and labor camps will be facilitated with
sufficient numbers of toilets and bathrooms
(at least one for every 20 workers). Septic
tanks and soak pits as to the requirement to
assimilate the wastes will be built. Open
defecation in and around the camps will be
prohibited. Sanitary wastes will not be
discharged into open water bodies.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of toilets
in camp and
sanitation
situations
monthly Project site “” “”
65 Disposal of spoils directly into the water
bodies will be prohibited. All spoil materials
of the settling basin, forebay, penstock,
tailrace, powerhouse, quarry areas will be
placed in the designated muck disposal sites
or as authorized by the engineer
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of muck
disposal sites and
its capacity
daily Project site “” “”
66 Cement bags, plastic containers, mesh weirs,
small iron rods, and other metallic and non-
metallic packaging materials will be
collected and deposited in separate
designated areas as advised by the engineers.
Haphazard disposal of such wastes will be
prohibited in and around the construction
sites. These waste materials will be disposed
as directed by the engineers
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Safe disposal in
proper disposal
sites
monthly Project site “” “”
67 Disposal of spoil spoil/debris will be
prohibited in unauthorized areas
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of muck
disposal sites and
its capacity
Daily Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
68 All the camp solid wastes; households, and
offices solid wastes will be collected daily
and will be deposited in separate bounded
areas as per the nature of wastes. These
wastes will be disposed as per the direction
of the engineers. Haphazard disposal of
camp solid wastes will be prohibited.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Waste collection
and dumping
practices
monthly Project site “” “”
IV. Biological Environment
Adverse Issues
69 Forest and vegetation will be felled only to
the required by pegging the area and
numbering the trees
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of trees
to be cut from
KCA and private
land its
compensation
Daily Project site “” “”
70 Compensatory afforestation of the felled
local tree species as per department of Forest
Guideline 2006 will be carried out in
consultation with the District Forest Office
on the project costs.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of trees
to be cut from
KCA and private
land its
compensation
monthly Project site “” “”
71 The outside construction workforce will be
encouraged to live in the labor camps where
kerosene or LPG will be provided by the
project for central cooking
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of camp
and amount of
kerosene and
LPG distributed
monthly Project site “” “”
72 Fuel wood will be strictly prohibited in the
camps for cooking or any other purpose
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Records of illegal
collection of
firewood from
KCA
Daily Project site “” “”
73 Project will not purchase project required
timber and other products from unauthorized
local person or business man
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Records of illegal
collection of
firewoods from
KCA
monthly Project site “” “”
74 Noise generating activities will be limited to
only day time zone
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of diesel
generator and
Daily Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
noise level
measurements
75 The project staff and workforce will be
instructed not to visit the forest area of KCA
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Awareness on
conservation of
KCA
Daily Project site “” “”
76 Outside workforce and staff found in illegal
poaching of wildlife will be terminated from
project jobs
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of
records of
complains
Daily Project site “” “”
77 Meat of wildlife in the camps will be strictly
prohibited
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of
records of
complains
Daily Project site “” “”
78 Unless not required by the project structural
placement, the riverbed will not be disturbed.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Selection of
quarry sites and
river bed
Daily Project site “” “”
79 Discharge of spent oils, mobiles, slurry of
batching plant, discharge from settling
basins, aggregate washing plants, untreated
camp toiletry waste, mechanical yards will
be prohibited to be discharged directly into
the river
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Solid waste
management
techniques
Daily Project site “” “”
80 Unauthorized muck disposal in the river
flood plain will be prohibited
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Site selection of
muck disposal
Daily Project site “” “”
81 Fishing will be restricted for the project staff
and outside project workforce
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Type of fishes
found and
checking on
illegal fishing
Daily Project site “” “”
82 Disposal of the camp waste, redundant toxic
chemical containers, spillage of toxic
materials will be prohibited in the
unauthorized areas
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Solid waste
management
techniques and
disposal sites
Daily Project site “” “”
B. Post Construction Phase
83 All the residential structures built on the ESMSU direct Number of muck monthly Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
temporary lands are dismantled and spoils
properly disposed in designated places
observation,/records disposal area
84 The sites used for camp waste collection and
disposal are rehabilitated to the satisfaction
of the engineers
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Amount of solid
waste generated
monthly Project site “” “”
85 The quarry sites and burrow pit sites are
rehabilitated as per the quarry and burrow pit
development and rehabilitation plan the
satisfaction of engineers through bio-
engineering measures
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number and
capacity of
quarry sites;
Bioengineering
measures
monthly Project site “” “”
86 The muck disposal sites are developed as per
the muck disposal and rehabilitation plan to
the satisfaction of engineers
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number and
capacity and site
of muck disposal
monthly Project site “” “”
87 All the structures not required for operation
are dismantled in the construction sites and
the sites rehabilitated on consultation with
the proponent
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Rehabilitation
plan
monthly Project site “” “”
88 All the excavation sites are rehabilitated
through bio-engineering or engineering
techniques for stability as per the instruction
of the engineers.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Rehabilitation
plan
monthly Project site “” “”
89 The engineers give certificates of
rehabilitation of all sites before the final
contact payments are made
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Rehabilitation
plan and
certificates
monthly Project site “” “”
90 For not completed rehabilitation works by
the contractors, the payments are withheld
equal to the amount required for the
rehabilitation works.
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Rehabilitation
plan
monthly Project site “” “”
D. Operation Phase
I. Socio-economic & Cultural Environment
Adverse Issues
100 Siren network will be established in the Project direct Siren awareness Once Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
dewatered zone by the project. Manager observation,/records and number of
incidence
101 Siren will be blown before 1 hours by the
project staff at least four time at a time
interval of 15 minutes as warning alarm
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Siren awareness
and number of
incidence
At the event of
sudden release
Project site “” “”
102 Local people will be given awareness
training to safeguard their cattle from the
flood plain area after the siren is blown
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Siren awareness
and number of
incidence
Once Project site “” “”
II. Physical and Chemical Environment
Adverse Issues
103 Minimum release of 10% of monthly flow as
the Environmental release.
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Regular
measurement of
environmental
release
Daily Dam site “” “”
104 Big boulders will be laid for about 50 m
stretch immediately downstream tailrace to
minimize the erosion
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Erosions ad
landslides
Once Dam site “” “”
III. Chemical Environment
Adverse Issues
105 All the camp solid wastes; households, and
offices solid wastes will be collected daily
and will be deposited in separate bounded
areas as per the nature of wastes. These
wastes will be disposed as per the direction
of the engineers. Haphazard disposal of
camp solid wastes will be prohibited.
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Types of solid
waste generated
and its
management
Daily Powerhous
e and
headwork
sites
“” “”
106 All the spent oils, lubricants, from the
powerhouse and switch yards and
transformers will be collected and kept in a
separate designated area. These spent oils
and lubricants will be handed over to the
authorized private waste oil and lubricant
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Amount of waste
oils and
lubricants
Daily Powerhous
e and
headwork
sites
“” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
dealers for treatment reuse
IV. Biological Environment
Adverse Issues
107 Release of environmental flow of 10 % of
monthly average flow (Table 4.13) will be
released downstream of Kabeli khola at all
times during project operation
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Regular
measurement of
environmental
release
Daily Dam site “” “”
E. Beneficial Issues
I. Construction Phase
108 The main access road leading to the project
site will be regularly maintained by the
project
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Length and width
of road
2 months Project site “” “”
109 Project will give preference to the local
surplus produce in the camps consumable
goods
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Price of
commodities,
type and number
of shops, hotels
and groceries
2 months Project site “” “”
110 Project will assist local government in the
organization of regular fair market
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Price of
commodities,
type and number
of shops, hotels
and groceries
2 months Project site “” “”
111 Local government and local people will be
advised for the location of such facilities. If
required layout planning of the facilities will
be assisted by the project.
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Trainings of local
governance
2 months Project site “” “”
112 Project will assist local governments in
providing trainings to the local area people
for keeping and managing hotels, lodges, and
stalls
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Number of
trainings on
managing hotels,
lodges, and stalls
2 months Project site “” “”
113 Project will instruct its contractors to provide ESMSU records/ direct Review of sub 2 months Project site “” “”
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responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
opportunities to the local area people in sub-
contracting subsidiary industrial businesses
related to the project
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
contract
114 The project will encourage government
services to take benefit of the improved road
and communication access
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Number of
developmental
infrastructure due
to improved road
2 months Project site “” “”
115 Afforestation as per forest guideline will be
implemented
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Number of trees
planted, number
of species
monthly Afforestati
on area
“” “”
116 Awareness campaign will be organized once
in the beginning of project construction
works to the local community on
management and development
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Trainings and
awareness
Monthly Project site “” “”
II. Operation Phase
117 The developed lands of the quarry will be
handed over to the Rural Municipality, if
they desired so.
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Area of quarry
site and its
capacity
Once Dam site “” “”
118 The developed lands of the muck disposal
sites will be handed over to the village
development committees, if they desired so.
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Area and capacity
of muck disposal
area
Once Dam site “” “”
119 Round the year maintenance of the main
access road will be provided within the
project area
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Length of access
road
Monthly Project site “” “”
120 Local people will be preferred for the
operation related job opportunities and
maintenance works
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Number of local
people employed
Monthly Project site “” “”
121 The local people will be consulted on the
future use of the quarry and burrow pit areas
and these sites will be rehabilitated as to the
future requirement
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Area of quarry
site and borrow
pit and
rehabilitation
plan
2 month Project site “” “”
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S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
122 The local people will be consulted on the
future use of the spoil areas and these sites
will be rehabilitated as to the future
requirement
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Area of spoil area
and rehabilitation
plan
2 month Project site “” “”
123 The project at all times will act responsibly
to enhance the local tax and revenue
collection
ESMSU records/ direct
observation,
discussions with the
local communities
Provision of local
tax and revenue
collection
2 months Project site “” “”
124 Awareness campaign will be organized
during operation phase also to the local
community on forestry management and
development
Project
Manager
direct
observation,/records
Number of
awareness
campaign for
forest
management
Monthly Project site “” “”
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 10.16: Environmental Enhancement Plan Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation
Phase S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
1 School & Campus support ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of
schools and
college and list of
college to be
supported
monthly Project site “” “”
2 Health Care Facility Support ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Type of support
to health facilities
monthly Project site “” “”
3 Safe Drinking Water Supply Support ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Number of taps in
each camps
monthly Project site “” “”
4 Upgrading & establishment of Road
Development
ESMSU direct
observation,/records
Length and width
of the road to be
upgraded
monthly Project site “” “”
5 Infrastructures support ESMSU direct Infrastructures monthly Project site “” “”
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S. N Provisions for compliance Individuals
responsible
Methods Indicator Frequency/Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
observation,/records
Source: EIA Field Survey, 2077
Table 10.17: Impact Monitoring, Pre-construction, Construction, Post construction and Operation Phase S. N
Monitoring Indicator Individuals
responsible
Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
Pre-Construction Phase
1 Acquisition and Leasing of KCA
and Private Land
ESMSU Agreement with community
forest, KCA forest, and land
use, right will be taken prior
to the construction period
starts.
Pre-Construction Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
snf 8
Included in
Projet design
costs
2 Land clearance ESMSU Vegetation Clearance, tree
cutting permission from
KCAP
Pre-Construction Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
Included in
Project design
costs
3 Support Facilities ESMSU Establishment of construction
support facilities
Pre-Construction Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
Included in
Projet design
costs
Construction Phase
Socio-economic & Cultural Environment
1 Quality of Life of the affected
communities/Rural Municipality
ESMSU Interviews , observation, and
administering structured
questionnaires to selected
groups
Every year during
project construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
2 Pressure to education institutions,
health institutions, transport
ESMSU Interviews with the school
teachers, health workers,
commuters, water user
Every six months
during project
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
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S. N
Monitoring Indicator Individuals
responsible
Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
services, water sources &
drinking water supply,
groups, irrigation user groups
etc.
3 Obstruction to foot trails, private
cultivate land, suspension
bridges, etc.
ESMSU Direct observation, and
discussions with the affected
communities and parties
Every two months
during project
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
4 Epidemic outbreak, increase in
STD, HIV, AIDs, accidents etc.
ESMSU Direct observation, and
discussions with the affected
communities and parties
Every two months
during project
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
5 Injuries, accidents of
construction workforce
ESMSU Records of injuries and
accidents,
Every months during
project construction
All construction
workforce
“” “”
6 Conflicts between locals and
outside workforce
ESMSU Community consultations,
and record keepings
Every months during
project construction
Project construction
area
“” “”
7 Increase in burglary,
hooliganism, etc.
ESMSU Police records, consultation
with the communities, direct
observation
Every months during
project construction
Project construction
area
“” “”
8 Prices of the commodities in the
local area
ESMSU records of commodity prices
in local markets
Every months during
project construction
Project construction
area
“” “”
9 People perception of
environmental enhancement
programs
ESMSU Discussions with the
beneficiary of enhancement
programs
Every six months
during project
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
400,000
10 Shift in cultural practices and
traditions or cultural conflicts
between locals and outsiders
ESMSU Direct observation and
community discussions
Every six months
during project
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
Physical and Chemical Environment
11 Landslides and debris flows
incidents
ESMSU Direct observation Every months during
project construction
Quarry sites,
Headwork,
powerhouse site,
Spoil disposal sites
500,000
12 Erosion of soil and deposition in
down slopes
ESMSU Direct observation Every months during
project construction
Quarry sites,
headwork,
“” “”
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S. N
Monitoring Indicator Individuals
responsible
Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
powerhouse site,
spoil disposal sites,
access roads,
aggregate crushing
and storage sites
13 Increase in noise pollution ESMSU Direct observation and
community discussions
Every day during
construction
Project sites and
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
“” “”
14 Increase in noise pollution ESMSU Instrumental measurements of
noise A weighted averages
(dBA) by noise level meters
Every 4 months
during construction
Powerhouse, &
Headwork sites
500,000
Chemical Environment
15 Water Quality of Super Kabeli
khola
ESMSU Direct observation Every day during
construction
Super Kabeli khola
below headwork and
powerhouse sites
400,000
16 Water Quality of Super Kabeli
khola
ESMSU Sample collection and
laboratory testing for the
standards parameters.
Every 6 months during
construction
Super Kabeli khola
above and below
headwork and
powerhouse
600,000
17 Water quality of effluents ESMSU Sample collection and
laboratory testing for the
standards parameters.
Every 6 months during
construction
Effluent discharges
from camps,
aggregate washing
plant, settling basin,
powerhouse, muck
disposal site,
batching plants
400,000
18 Water Quality of potable waters ESMSU Sample collection and
laboratory testing for the
standards parameters.
Every 6 months during
construction
Engineer camp, two
construction camps
and two labor camps
200,000
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S. N
Monitoring Indicator Individuals
responsible
Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
19 Ambient air quality ESMSU Direct observation Every day during
construction
All active
construction sites
and access road
corridor
500,000
20 Ambient air quality ESMSU Instrumental measurements of
air quality by high or low
volume samples for standards
parameters.
Every 6 months during
construction
Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7
and 8
500,000
21 Canal air quality ESMSU Instrumental measurement of
parameters for standards
parameters.
Every months during
project construction
Canal working front 500,000
Biological Environment
22 Nos. of species cleared ESMSU Records of clearance Every months during
project construction
Directly project
affected sites
500,000
23 Ecological status of forest and
vegetation
ESMSU Direct observation and plot
studies in selected forest areas
Every six months Project affected
Rural Municipality
Included in
ESMSU costs
24 Poaching of wildlife ESMSU Community consultations,
and record keepings
Every 2 months Project affected
Rural Municipality
Included in
ESMSU costs
25 Status of afforestation and
survival rate
ESMSC Records of afforestation and
counting of survival
Every six months Afforestation area
within project
affected Rural
Municipality
Included in
ESMSU costs
Sub-total 500,000
Operation Phase
Socio-economic & Cultural Environment
26 Quality of Life of the affected
communities/RM
Project
Manager
Interviews , observation, and
administering structured
questionnaires to selected
groups
Once , after 2 years of
project operation
Both affected Rural
Municipality
500,000
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S. N
Monitoring Indicator Individuals
responsible
Methods Frequency/ Time Place Financial
commitment
(NRs.)
27 People perception of
environmental enhancement
programs
Project
Manager
Discussions with the
beneficiary of enhancement
programs
Once , after 2 years of
project operation
Project affected
Rural Municipality
300,000
Physical and Chemical Environment
28 landslides and debris flows
incidents in the reservoir rim
Project
Manager
Direct observation Every six months for
the first five years
Dam area, 500,000
29
Erosion of soil and deposition in
down slopes
Project
Manager
Direct observation Every six months for
the first five years
Quarry sites,
headwork,
powerhouse site,
muck disposal sites,
access roads,
aggregate crushing
and storage sites
Included in
operational
costs
Chemical Environment
30 Water Quality of Super Kabeli
khola
Project
Manager
Sample collection and
laboratory testing for the
standard parameters
Once every two year
for 30 years
Super Kabeli khola
above and below
headwork and
powerhouse
1,000,000
Biological Environment
31 Status of afforestation and
survival rate
Project
Manager
Records of afforestation and
counting of survival
Once every 3 years
30 years
Afforestation area
within project affected
areas, Sirijangha Rural
Municipality -6, 7 and
8
800,000
Sub-Total 3,100,000
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Table 10.18: Summary of Monitoring Cost S N Type of Monitoring Estimated Cost (NRs)
1 Baseline Monitoring 600,000
2 Compliance Monitoring Included in Construction Management Cost
3 Impact monitoring construction phase 5,000,000
4 Impact Monitoring Operation Phase 3,100,000
Total 8,700,000
EIA Field Survey, 2077
10.8 Records, Reporting and Corrective Actions
To demonstrate compliance with the environmental management, the proponent will instruct
the construction contractors through supervising engineer to maintain daily records of his
mitigation implementation and monitoring works in retrievable forms at its office during the
construction phase. Contractors will keep records of the employment local area people, Nepali
and foreigner and will submit such records to the Supervising engineers every month.
Similarly, records of occupational health will also be documented in retrievable forms and
submitted to supervising engineer every month. Besides, records of instructions, trainings, and
land area rented with agreements will also be submitted to the supervising engineers regularly
or when the supervising engineer demands it.
The ESMSU under ESU section will carry out monitoring works of the construction contractors
and prepare monitoring reports bimonthly during construction phase. ESISU will maintain all
the records of tree felled, land area acquired, and expenses of land acquisition and other
environmental enhancement programs implemented. These records will be provided to
ESMSU as and when demanded for the monitoring facilitation. ESMSU will provide any
corrective action required through ESU section Chief for implementation to ESISU and Civil
Supervising Engineers and maintain the records of any corrective actions recommended. The
bi-monthly reports produced by the ESMSU will be distributed to the concerned stakeholders
through the ESU section chief for their comments and suggestions. Any comments and
suggestions of the stakeholders will be taken into account in the subsequent environmental
management to enhance the project performance during construction by ESMSU. The ESMSU
consultants will compile the Environmental monitoring report of the construction phase within
3 months of the construction completion and submit to proponent. Proponent will pass the
report to stakeholders to get feedback and provide database of environmental management
works of the Proposal for future use.
In the operation phase, the Project Manager will keep records of the mitigation and monitoring
as required in the retrievable forms. Every year, the Project Manager will prepare a compiled
report and pass it to the concerned stakeholder for comments and suggestions. The project
operators will carry out any recommendations and suggestion of the concerned stakeholders.
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10.9 Environmental Audit
The environmental audits of the hydropower projects are done with various objectives. For the
SKKHP, the MoFE will conduct environmental audit after two years of project operation as
per the EPR provisions for:
Performance audit to examine the effectiveness of the project environmental mitigation and
monitoring plan as to the approved EIA conditions; and
Project Impact Audit to examine the environmental changes arising from the project
implementation;
The envisaged environmental audit team will comprise of an environmental expert
experienced in EIA study, monitoring and auditing works as team leader accompanied by
a sociologist, terrestrial ecologist, and aquatic ecologist.
The approach for audit will be a scoping type audit, which will basically rely on the documents
and records starting from approved EIA document and including the bi-monthly monitoring
reports of the project revealing compliance to EIA approval conditions for mitigation
management and impact monitoring recorded database. The PMO will provide all the required
documents including corrective actions provided by the ESMSU, and the stakeholders, action
taken to the comments and suggestions of the stakeholders etc. Apart from the above, the audit
team will make a weeklong visit to the project site to directly observe the field conditions and
comprehend with the earlier documented reports and database. Besides, the audit team will
conduct local stakeholder meetings with the affected households and communities and key
informants including the personnel of project operation management office at the site. First
hand monitoring by the audit team for key indicators is not envisioned, as these databases are
available in recorded formats with the project management office as per the monitoring
management plan. The detail audit plan for SKKHP is shown in Table 10.18.
Table 10.19: Audit Plan for the SKKHP S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators
Physical Environment
1 Change in
river
morphology
downstream of
weir
Super Kabeli khola,
weir to powerhouse
site
Inspection Erosion of river bank
and sediment
deposition pattern
2 Air quality Headworks Area,
Access road, Penstock
pipe/ Penstock
alignment Area,
Powerhouse Area
Measurement PM10, CO, SOx, NOx
laboratory analysis, ; Dust accumulated on
and visual roofs, vegetation and
inspection surrounding area
3 Noise quality Headworks Area,
Access road, Penstock
pipe penstock
alignment Area,
Powerhouse Area
Measurement of Noise Level
noise using Noise
Level Meter
4 Water quality Super Kabeli khola,
weir to powerhouse
site
Analysis of water samples DO, pH, BOD,
turbidity, Total
suspended solid,
hardness
5 Land use
pattern
and land
All the land used by
project
Inspection Change in the Land
use
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S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators
acquisition
area
6 Environmental
Release
Downstream of Measurement of Discharge in the river
Weir minimum release
Biological Environment
7 Change in
vegetation
cover
Along KCA including
river flood plain area
that is used by project.
Visual observation
and counting
Decrease in
vegetation
cover, Number of
trees
and shrubs cut down
from forest
8 Numbers of
trees
Felled
Along KCA including
river flood plain area
that is used by project.
Visual observation
and counting
Nos. of stumps of cut
Trees
9 Wildlife
diversity
Along KCA including
river flood plain area
that is used by project.
Interview with local people and
observation, Photographs
Decline in the
movement and
occurrence of
wildlife.
10 Change in fish
and aquatic
species in
Super Kabeli
khola
Super Kabeli khola,
weir to powerhouse
site
Sampling at the
river stretch of
project sites and
interview with local
fishermen
occurrence and
Population of fish as
well as other aquatic
species in the river
11 Forest fire
hazards
along the project area,
afforestation sites and
at powerhouse site
Interview with local and staffs
of KCA and CMAC
frequency of fire
events,
total damage to forest
in terms of trees,
shrubs, herbs lost and
wildlife movements
within these sites
Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment
12 Status of paid
out
of
compensation
Acquired land owners Questionnaire
survey and
interview
Condition of the
affected people,
useful
utilization of
compensation
13 Employment
to local
people
Employment record of
workforces and their
origin
Direct observation,
Questionnaire
survey and
interview
Project records and
local people
14 Water supply
and Sanitation
At camp sites, Direct observation, Review of
records
and interview with
workers and local
people
Records of
complaints,
epidemic disease
15 Public health Health status of Project
Affected Rural
Municipality
Review of records
and interview with
local people
Records of health post
and local people
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S. N Parameters Location Methods Indicators
16 Child labor Project employment
record
Review of
contractor records
and interview with local people
Number of child
labour
employed
17 Occupational
health and
safety
Project workers, and
occasional movement
of outsider
Review of
contractor records
and interview with
construction
workers
Number and type of
accidents/diseases
The cost for the environmental audit is estimated at NRs 1,000,000 including remuneration,
daily allowance in the field, photography, stationary, and transportation.
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CHAPTER: XI 11 PROJECT'S ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND COSTS
This chapter presents a brief summary of the economic benefits and costs of the SKKHP.
11.1 Economic Benefit of SKKHP in the National Context
Nepal is a small Himalayan country covering an area of 147,181 km2. More or less rectangular,
it extends for 885 km in the east west direction and has a mean north south width of 193 km.
Owing to the topographic extremes; the country has less than 30% of the land area that has
potential for arable agriculture.
The population of Nepal is about 26,494,504 showing population growth rate of 1.35 per
annum. (CBS, 2011). Nepal is one of the least developed countries of the world. More than
85% of the populations live in the rural areas and most of them are not getting minimum
physical facilities that are necessary for human being. In this context, there is a great challenge
to the nation to eliminate the massive poverty of the country through overall development.
For the all-round development of the country, a careful utilization of natural resource is
necessary. The economic development of the country thus not only depends upon the quantity,
quality but also on the extent of exploitation of available natural resources of the country. Water
resource is the most important natural resource of the country with an estimated 2.27% of the
world water resources. Development of hydroelectric projects like SKKHP is envisaged to play
a critical role in furthering the economic activities of the country with positive contribution to
the national economic growth and poverty alleviation.
11.1.1 Direct Revenue Generation
With the operation of SKKHEP, the project revenue flows stem from the sale of energy. This
revenue will have a substantial annual income to the project proponent. The direct annual
energy sale estimated is NRs. 407.16 million at the current electricity sale price (Dry season =
NRs. 8.40; Wet season = 4.80 NRs for per unit). During dry season, the project will generate
20.78 GWh energy. The revenue of dry season is 174.55 Million Rupees. During wet season,
the project will generate 48.46 GWh energy and the revenue during wet season is 232.61
Million Rupees. The project will generate royalty as per the provision made in
Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act, 2074. According to policy, project will pay royalty
of 50% to GoN, 25 % to the concerned province (state) and 25 % to the concerned local level.
11.1.2 Other Project Benefits
Employment opportunity to 300 people during construction phase. Increase in economic
opportunity, enhancement in technical skill and know that how particularly in driving and other
technical works, vegetation management & greenery development in the project area and
generation of Royalty are the major positive impacts of the project.
In addition to the direct energy sale benefit, the project will provide a number of subsidiary
benefits to the Nepalese people. During construction and operation phase, the project has the
potential to:
Promote construction related industrial growth in and around the project areas during the
construction phase,
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Promote other industrial growth in the project area and elsewhere in Nepal in the operation
phase,
Provide new job opportunities to the Nepalese people in the project during construction and
operation phase,
Enhance the working skills of the Nepalese in the big construction project like SKKHEP,
Provide opportunities for construction related training during construction phase,
Promote the subsidiary economic activities in the project area during construction phase,
Promote community development through improvements in social services and
infrastructures such as, development and up gradation of access roads, upgrading of health
and educational institutions, improvement of communication and transportation service
facilities, women development etc. in the Project Affected Areas and Project Region of
Influence during project construction, and
Support community development activities in the project district by contributing one
percent of revenue of the project annually.
The above benefits from the project are expected to enhance the national development
objectives of poverty alleviation, diversification of economic activities, and above all in
improving the social services and quality of life of the Nepalese nationals.
11.2 Project Costs
The construction cost of the project is NRs. 2,338.58 million including project financing,
inflation, interest, insurance. The cost for environmental mitigation of adverse impacts is NRs.
104,909,449 and beneficial impact improvement measures is NRs. 3,250,000 and total
environmental cost is NRs. 135,459,449 (Table 11.1). The project cost might increases due to
price increase in construction materials; labor costs; energy costs & other types of costs that
directly or indirectly influence the project construction & operation.
11.2.1 Resource Loss
Obviously, implementation of 12 MW SKKHEP will have some impacts on natural resource.
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.
In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will
be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land.
All these land for project will be acquired from KCA as per Rules and Act. A total of 500
individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250 seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha
(Table 5.1 and Table 5.2) will be lost during the construction period. Introduction of alien
species and day-to-day mass movement at project site will fragment the forestland and
ecosystem diversity. Ground vegetation clearance from the temporarily acquired land will be
envisaged during construction phase. During the site, clearance species with conservation
significance will be impacted. These species, Spergula arvensis (Lichen) and Sunakhari
(Orchid) will be lost. These species are under the conservation category of government of
Nepal.
Dewatering of about 5.65 km river stretch of Kabeli river will have severe impact on the aquatic
life along the river.
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11.2.2 Environmental Mitigation. Monitoring and Environmental Enhancement Costs
The environmental mitigation, monitoring, audit and environmental enhancement program
costs is summarized in Table 11.1. For details of the costs breakdowns refer Chapter 7.
Table 11.1: Details of the Costs Breakdowns S. N Particulars Cost (NRs.)
At Enhancement cost (3) 3,250,000
B. Adverse Impact Mitigation Cost
B1 Physical and Chemical Environment
1 Construction Phase (6) 2,000,000
2 Operation Phase cost 1,000,000
Total Physical and Chemical Environment Mitigation Cost 3,000,000
B2 Biological Environment
3 Total ( Construction Phase Cost) for Adverse Impacts of Biological
Environment (6)
39,658,720
4 Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) for Adverse Impacts of Biological
Environment
1,200,000
Total Biological Environment Mitigation Cost 40,858,720
B3 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment
5 Total ( Construction Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for
Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment (1.5)
59,500,729
6 Total ( Operation Phase Cost ) of Adverse Impacts for Socioeconomic
and Cultural Environment
1,550,000
Total Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Mitigation Cost 61,050,729
Bt Total Adverse Impact Mitigation Cost 104,909,449
Ct CSP Cost 17,600,000
D. Environmental Monitoring Cost
1 Baseline Monitoring 600,000
2 Compliance Monitoring Included in construction
management cost
3 Impact monitoring construction phase 5,000,000
4 Impact Monitoring Operation Phase 3,100,000
Dt Total Monitoring Cost (3) 8,700,000
Et Environmental Auditing Cost 1,000,000
Grand Total Environmental cost (At+Bt+Ct+Dt+Et+Ft) 135,459,449
Total project Cost (Without IDC) 2,338,580,000
Percent of Environmental Cost to total project cost including land cost
(%)
5.79
Land cost 70,281,225
Environmental cost excluding land cost 65,178,224
Percent of Environmental Cost to total project cost (%) 2.79
CSP as % of total project cost 0.75
Total Revenue from sale for 30 years NRs. 11,330,640,000
The total environmental cost of the project is estimated at NRs. 135,459,449.
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CHAPTER: XII 12 CONCLUSIONS
SKKHEP with installed capacity of 12 MW will be constructed in Sirijangha RM of Taplejung
district. The SKKHEP, a run-of-river scheme, will have an annual energy generation of 69.24
GWh utilizing the design flow of 5.9 m3/s and a gross head of 259 m. The proponent is
committed to mitigate the project-induced impacts on the environment (physical & chemical,
biological, socio-economic and cultural aspects). In addition to the generation of the clean
energy (hydroelectricity), the project will have a number of the benefits such as employment
to the local people, development of the area, support to reduce greenhouse gases, and boost of
the local economy. The proponent intends to carry out number of activities such as construction
related trainings to the local people, counseling on proper use of the money, health and
sanitation and income generation activities to enhance the benefit.
The construction and operation of the project will have some adverse impacts on the physical,
biological, socio-economic, and cultural environments of the area. Among the physical impact,
change in land use of the area will be one of the major impacts. The physical location of the
project infrastructures will occupy certain areas that belong to the general public and to the
government. The lands having the land ownership certificate of the general citizen have been
categorized as the private land, but such without any ownership certificate have been
categorized as government land. These lands need to be acquired from the owners for the
construction of various infrastructures.
About 10.63 ha land area will be required for project permanent and temporary components.
Among the total land required for the project, 10.28 ha is permanent and 0.35 ha is temporary.
In total, 2.33 ha (1.83 ha from KCA forest and 0.5 ha from River flood plain under KCA) will
be acquired from KCA and 8.3 ha from cultivated private bari land.
Stock piling of the construction materials, operation of the quarry site, change in water quality,
impact due to change in land use, etc. are other major significant impacts of the project during
construction phase. Similarly, impact on microclimate in the dewatered section, changes in
river hydrology and river flow, noise and vibration in powerhouse area, changes in water
quality due to reduced flow, leakage of oil, grease and other chemicals are the major significant
impacts of the project during the operation phase.
There is no issue related to water right use within 5.65 km of dewatered stretch of the Kabeli
khola. Among the biological impacts: 2.33 ha land, which is managed by Forest management
sub-committee of KCA, will be impacted directly by the implementation of the project. Among
the KCA land required for the project, 2.13 ha will be for permanent and 0.2 ha will be for
temporary use. A total of 500 individual trees of size >10 cm dBh of 26 different species, 3250
seedling /ha, 850 saplings /ha /ha, 2444 saplings /ha will be cleared during the construction
period. Introduction of alien species and day-to-day mass movement at project site will
fragment the forestland and ecosystem diversity.
Lichens and Orhids along the project alignment and having conservation significance will be
cleared during the land clearance. Furthermore, many species of NTFPs and medicinal plants
will be cleared during the site clearance. Disturbance to the habitats of wildlife, disturbance to
the aquatic habitat etc. are very significance impacts during construction phase. Similarly,
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
318
dewatering will be a barrier that influences the fish migration as well as reduce aquatic habitat
along dewatered stretch. Impact on terrestrial wildlife and aquatic wildlife due to sudden
release of water from dam are the major significant impacts of the project during the operation
phase. Recession of the local economy could be another significant impact when not dealt
properly in operation phase.
The EIA report has suggested comprehensive compensatory and mitigation measures for the
project induces impacts. Minimization of permanent land as far as possible, least damage to
the existing environment, bioengineering on the exposed slopes, micro-watershed
management, aligning anchor blocks along the vulnerable slopes and topography, management
of top soils, management of solid waste and disposal debris in defined sites, etc are properly
proposed with required cost for the mitigation measure.
Some of the physical issues and impacts are proposed to be managed right from the design
phase of the project. Environmental release of 10% monthly average flow as recommended by
this EIA will be strictly followed. In addition, release mechanism from weir, release of fish
fingerlings, general fish pass structure at the headworks are proposed.
Compensatory plantation at 1:25 ratio of lost 500 trees (plantation of 12,500 seedlings of local
species), watershed management approach, capacity building of KCA, provision of forest fire
control and maintenance of the biodiversity of the area are proposed as mitigation measures for
the biological environment. In addition to the above, enhancement plantation of 3728 seedlings
will be done in 2.33 ha of that land, which will be compensated as land-to-land compensation
of government land.
Compensation to the lost land, compensation to temporary acquired/leased land, compensation
to the government land as leased amount, compensation to the lost standing crops, and
enhancing some social program to minimize the social impacts are also proposed. Employment
opportunities to local communities of Limbu, Rai, Gurung, Thulung, Sarki, Bhote, Mawo are
proposed.
Any project induced issues that are not incorporated in EIA study, but will occur or be
identified at later stage will be mitigated by the project himself. A number of environmental
concerns will have to be reflected in the contract clauses. Hence, the provisions of this EIA
report will have to be included in the detailed design and the tender documents so that they will
be implemented. An EMU will be established within the project organization. The unit will be
responsible for the environmental monitoring as envisaged in this report. Apart from this unit,
inter-ministerial monitoring team having representatives from the MoFE, MoEWRI and DoED
will be formed to supervise and monitor the EMU activities.
Total environmental cost required for the project will be NRs 135,459,449 which is 5.79 % of
the total project cost (i.e. NRs. 2,338.58 million). The estimated annual energy sale of project
will be NRs. 407.16 Million. Cost breakdown of each environmental cost during the
construction and operation phase are presented in report.
The EIA report concludes that the proposed mitigation measures will be sufficient to address
the identified adverse impacts of project activities on different environmental components.
When the mitigation measures are duly undertaken, the implementation of the proposal will
not leave behind any adverse impact unaddressed and it will make the proposal implementable.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
319
The proponent is committed to carry out the proposed mitigation measures and to adhere to the
monitoring plans as proposed.
The project shall follow and implement all the mitigation measures as identified in EIA study.
All of the identified and perceived impacts can be mitigated and minimized to acceptable level.
The prescribed cost effective and practical mitigation measures need to be accomplished. The
environmental enhancement measures proposed for implementation by the project targeting
the affected communities will help upgrade the quality of life of the affected communities. In
view of the above considerations, it is recommended that the project can be given development
licensing in conditions that the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures will be
implemented as per the Environmental Management Plan prescribed in this EIA report.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
320
REFERENCES APRROSC, 1991. Glossary of Some Important Plants and Animal Names in Nepal,
Agricultural Project Services Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Baral, H.S., Shah, K. B., 2008. Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himali Prakriti, Lazimpat,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
BCN, 2004. Globally Threatened Birds of Nepal. Poster by RSBP, DNPWC, BLI, BCN, WWF,
Nature Photograph Koshi camp, Himalayan Nature.
Carson, C.,1985: Erosion and Sedimentation Process in the Nepalese Himalaya, ICIMOD
Occasional Paper No. 1, International Center for Integrated Mountain Development,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
CBS, 2011. National Population and Housing Census 2011, volume II, Village Development
Committee / Municipality.
CBS, 2011.National Population and Housing Census 2011, volume I National Population.
Cowx, I. G., 1991. Catch Effort Sampling Strategies-Their Application in Freshwater Fisheries
Management. Fishing New Books, Balckwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd., 2018. Feasibility Study Report of Super Kabeli Khola
Hydropower Project, 12 MW.
Hilton Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd, 2018. Scoping Document & Terms of Reference of
Environmental Impact Assessment of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project.
DHM (1995, 2000). Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. Climatological Records of
Nepal.
DHM, 2006. Climatological Records of Nepal, 2001-2006
District Profile of Taplejung district, 2070 B.S.
DOED, 2001. Manual for Preparing Scoping Document for Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) of Hydropower projects.
DOED, 2001. Manual for Preparing Terms of Reference (ToR) for Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Projects, with notes on EIA Report Preparation
DOED, 2004. Manual for Conducting Public Hearings in the Environmental Impact
Assessment Process for Hydropower Projects
DoED, 2018. Survey License of Super Kabeli Khola Hydropower Project.
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Babarmahal, Kathmandu.
DPR, 2001. Flowering Plants of Nepal. Department of Plant Resources, Ministry of Forests
and Soil conservation, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
EPA, 2076. Environment Protection Act, Government of Nepal.
EPR, 2077. Environment Protection Rules, Government of Nepal.
GON, 1973. National Parks and Wild Life Protection Act 1973, Ministry of Forests and Soil
Conservation, Nepal.
GoN, 1993. National EIA Guidelines, Ministry of Environment, Kathmandu.
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
321
GoN, 1998. Survey Department, Government of Nepal, Topographic Sheets.
GoN, 2003. Guidelines for review of IEE and EIA of forestry sector, Ministry of Forests and
Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.
GON/Kenning Earth Sciences, 1984. Land utilization/Land capability /Land system map (1;50
000). Land Resource Mapping Project. GON Nepal Topographical survey Dept. and Kenning
Earth science Ltd. Canada.
IHA, ICLD, et al., 2000. Hydropower and the World's Energy Future: The role of hydropower
in bringing clean, renewable, energy to the world, International Hydropower Association
(IHA), Compton, West Sussex, UK/ International Commission on Large Dam (ICLD), Paris,
France/ Implementing Agreement on Hydropower Technologies and Programmes/
International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, France/ Canadian Hydropower Association (CHA),
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. 1991. A Guide to the Birds of Nepal. Second Edition. Christopher
Helm, London.
IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red Data Book, www.iucnnepal.org.com
Jilla Krishi Bibaran, District Agriculture Development Office, Taplejung, FY 2065/066.
MoFSC, 1988. Master Plan for the Forestry Sector, Forest resource, Information Status and
Development Plan, Appendix Table 2-3, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal.
MoFSC, 1995. Forest Regulation 1995: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal.
MoFSC, 2007. Procedures for the Use of any part of a Government Forest to Implement a
National Priority Plan, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal.
NARMSAP, 2002. Forest and Vegetation Types of Nepal
NEA, 2016. Outline Terms of Reference (ToR) For Detail Engineering Design and Preparation
of Tender Documents of Tamakoshi-V Hydroelectric Project".
NPC, 1993. National Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines, IUCN and NPC 1993.
Polunin, O. and J. D. A. Stainton, 1984.Flowers of the Himalaya, Oxford University press,
New Delhi, India.
Regmi, P. P. 1982. An introduction to Nepalese Food Plants. Royal Nepal ACAdemy,
Kathmandu, p.216
Shah, K. B., Tiwari, S. 2004. Herpetofauna of Nepal: A Conservation Companion. IUCN
Nepal.
Shrestha T. K., 1997, Mammals of Nepal. A. K. Printers, Teku, Kathmandu.
Shrestha, B, 1989. Forest Plant of Nepal, Educational Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
Shrestha, K., 1998. Dictionary of Nepalese Plant Names, Mandala Book Point, Kathmandu.
Shrestha, T.K. 2001. Herpetology of Nepal. A Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of
TransHimalayan Region of Asia. Mrs. Bimala Shrestha Publication, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shrestha, T.K., 2000. Birds of Nepal Vol. II.
Shrestha, T.K., 2000. Fish Catching in a Himalayan Water of Nepal.
Stainton, A, 1988. Flowers of the Himalaya, A supplement. Oxford University Press, New
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
322
Delhi, India.
Stainton, J. D. A. 1972. Forests of Nepal. John Murray, London, p. 181.
Sutherland, W. J. 1997. Ecological Census Techniques. A Handbook. Cambridge University
Press. Southwood, T.R.E. and Henderson, P.A., 1999. Ecological Methods. Blackwell Science
Publication, London.
TISC, 2000. Boimass and Volume Tables with Species Description for community forest
management, TISC Technical Paper Series No. 101, November 2000 of the Tree improvement
and Silviculture Component, Department of Forests, Kathmandu.
TISC, 2002. Forest and Vegetation types of Nepal. Natural Resource Management Sector
Assistance Programme (NARMSAP), Tree Improvement and Silviculture Component,
Department of Forests, Kathmandu, p.180.
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Upreti, B.K., 2003. EIA: Process and Practices, Mrs. Uttara Upreti, Koteshor, Kathmandu.
Websites:
http://nuke.biomasstradecentres.eu/Portals/0/D2.1.1%2020WOOD%20FUELS%20HANDB
OOK_BTC_EN.pdf
http://www.asgard-biomass.co.uk/biomass_boiler_fuels.aspx
http://www.stemchallenges.net/files/travel-starter-activity-495.pdf
www.cbd.org.com – Retrieved in 2017
www.cites.org.com – Retrieved in 2017
www.fao.org. Present status of Snow trout in Nepal.
www.ilo.org.com – Retrieved in 2017
www.iucnnepal.org. IUCN Red Data Book. 2017. IUCN Nepal.
www.unesco.org
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Project Construction Schedule
I
D Task Name
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
0
1
1
1
2 1 2 3 4 5
1 Detailed engineering
2 Preparation of tender documents
3 Award of Civil Contract
4 Access Infrastructure
5 Powerhouse
6 Power Channel
7 Weir, Intake and Gravel trap, Settling
Basin
8 Headrace Tunnel
9 Desander
10 Surge Shaft
11 Penstock Pipe
12 Tailrace
13 Hydro Mechanical
14 Electro-mechanical Equipment
15 Transmission Line
16 Commissioning
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex IVMinutes of Group Discussion and Community Meeting
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Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex VIList of People attending Public Hearing
EIA Report Super Kabeli Hydroelectric Project, 12MW
Summary of Public Hearing of Super Kabeli Hydropower Project (12 MW)
1. Background
Public hearing program about the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed Super
Kabeli Hydropower Project (12 M.W.) of Hilton Hydro Energy was conducted on 5th Asoj 2076
in Ymphudin, ward office of ward 8 of Sirijungha Rural Municipality on the process of
Environment Impact Assessment. Various comments and suggestion were noted from that
program.
The Public Hearing ceremony was conducted under the presidency of Mr. Om Prakash Limbu who
is resident of Sirijungha Rural Municipality. Others members of public hearing were,
Naya Nath Tiwari, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 7
Sukha Raj Limbu, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6
Tasi Lama, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8
Om Prakash Limbu, Representative, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8
Mohan Bikram Karki, Proponent, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6
2. Objectives
a. To inform local and related stakeholders about the progress of project
b. To present the findings of the EIA study.
c. To collect the concerns and views of the people of the project area.
3. Methodology
The program started with a welcome program from the local people and project affected area.
Local people and representative of affected wads has welcomed the entire team of the project.
From the side of the project summary of the study had been distributed to all the members present
in the Public Hearing Gathering. The public hearing program was initiated by a welcome speech
to welcoming all the participants of project affected area and also explained about the location of
the key project component and elaborated on the expected Environmental social issues of the
project.
The project issues and concerns and welcomes all to come forward and give their opinion such that
the project could be developed in an environmental trust and cooperation between project and local
stakeholders by the consultant.
The program was focused to hear and collect the comments and suggestion from the local people
and stakeholders. Following people were deliberated their opinion as representative. They also
provided the written concerns. In ward consultant team had asked to come with the common agenda
and suggestions regarding to the project. The section below highlights the presentations of the
stakeholders. The program was host by Mr. Bishow Raj Kadariya.
4. Major issue raised
i. Naya Nath Tiwari, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 7
Implementation of the project as soon as possible. It is very long time that project is
just studying, gathering people and conducting meeting only.
Support to community infrastructure.
Proper compensation of public property and trees.
Mitigation measure mentioned in EIA report should be implemented.
EIA Report Super Kabeli Hydroelectric Project, 12MW
Support in preservation of culture, traditions of local community
ii. Sukha Raj Limbu, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality - 6
Project should be implemented by minimizing the impact in the environment.
Project Management Plan mentioned in EIA report should be strictly followed.
Each and every project affected Families should get free electricity.
Proper compensation should be provided to the project affected land and house.
Share should be provided to the local people compulsory.
iii. Tasi Lama, President, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8
From Thurpu bazaar of Pachthar to Hapu khola to Sidingwa khola, Banketar, Ranke Bazaar,
Panchkanya S.S, Yakchana Bhanjyang to Project Area, Project should construct black top Road.
Control the soil erosion and stabilization of vulnerable slopes that could arise due to project.
Strictly follow and implement the EMP mentioned on EIA Report.
Employment opportunities for local people.
iv. Om Prakash Limbu, Representative, Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8
Priority for local employment and utilization of local resources
Concrete Bridge should be constructed joining Sidingwa 7 and Sirijungha 7
Construction of project shall be start as soon as possible without any dely.
Project should be support in the health, education, drinking water sector.
Awareness program should be conducted for the development of the community.
v. Rameshwor Meheta , Sirijungha Rural Municipality, ward 8
Project area should help Ganesh S.S of Sirijunga 7 to teach technical subject like Science.
Awareness program related to Environment Impact due to project implementation
Mitigate negative impacts on environment due to project construction.
Implementation of the project with less disturbance to the wildlife’s.
Prohibition of the illegal hunting and poaching and illegal cutting of the trees.
With permission of the Chairperson, the meeting was closed.
EIA Report Super Kabeli Hydroelectric Project, 12MW
Table: Suggestions and issues of locals during public hearing
S.N Name Issues
1 Pabitra Adhikari Share must be provided to the local people.
2 Indra Kumar Rai 25% of water should be provided to the local people and should conserve the
biodiversity.
Project should provide the facilities like :- education, health, communication,
electricity as well as safety to the local people.
Project should be implemented after detail geographical study of the project area.
3 Bishal Rai Project should provide road facilities in project area.
4 Budhimaya Bedha Starting of Construction time
Availability of share
5 Bishal Limbu Employment opportunity to the youth of the project area
Electricity distribution
6 Sarswota Limbu Project should provide facility of education and employment as well as facility of
Electricity must be provided in each and every house of project area.
7 Padam Limbu Facility of electricity must be provided.
Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.
Proper compensation must be given for project affected land.
Wild life and forest area must be conserved during the project implementation
time.
8 Om Pakash Limbu Facilities of education and electricity must be provided and employment
Opportunity must be given by the project.
9 Sarjit Rai Project should conduct skillful training for women of the project area.
10 Bikaran Rai Project should provide facilities of education, health, employment opportunity
and also reduce the effect on religious site during the operational phase.
11 Anupa Sherpa Skillful training must be held by the project and project must be implemented as
soon as possible.
12 Khadka Bahadur Gurung Project should provide financial support for the physical infrastructure like :-
Health, education, transportation, etc.
Project should provide employment opportunity, facility of electricity and share
should be provided to the local people.
13 Khadka Bahadur Rai Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.
14 Khadka Bahadur Gurung Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.
15 Kabita Limbu Employment to locals
16 Sita Devi Gurung Project should give more priority to the social development sector like :-
education, health, etc.
17 Rameshowr Meheta Facility of giving scholarship for the student by the project
18 Abirman Rai Employment opportunity must be provided to the local people.
19 Sushma Rai Guarantee that local people of the project area will get employment opportunity
Skillful training for the local people
20 Dipa Rai Management of giving compensation for the community forest
Share to locals
21 Sabindra Rai Duration of time to start and end the project
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex XLand Requirement for the Project and Associated cost
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Table 1: Land Requirement for the Project (Permanent and Temporary) for SKKHEP
S
N
Project Component Land Type (ha) Total Area
(ha) Forest Cultivated Barren Flood
Plain
KCA Pvt Gov* Pvt Gov Pvt
(Alaichii
Bari)
Gov*
Permanent Land Requirement
1 Headworks
Diversion Structure 0.2 0.2
Gravel Trap 0.08 0.08
Approach Canal 0.15 0.15 0.3
Desander & Headpond 0.3 0.3
2 Water Conveyance 0
Headrace Pipe 0.5 2 3.5 6
Penstock Pipe 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.8
Surge shaft 0.1 0.1
3 Powerhouse and Tailrace 0.9 0.1 1
4 Access Road 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.2
5 Switchyard 0.1 0.1
6 Camp site 0.1 0.1
7 Stockpile site 0.1 0.1
Sub-Total 1.83 0 3.85 0 4.3 0.3 10.28
Temporary Land Requirement
8 Quarry Site 0.2 0.2
2 Disposal Site 0.05 0.05
3 Construction yard, batching and
crushing plant
0.1 0.1
Sub Total 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.2 0.35
Grand Total 1.83 0 0 3.85 0 4.45 0.5 10.63
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Table 2: Land acquisition cost of private land
SN Land description Permanently land required (ha) Unit rate/ha Total land value
1 Khet 1.1 8,500,000 9,350,000
2 Bari 7.05 6,500,000 45,825,000
3 Pakho 0
Total 8.15 5,517,5000
Table 3: Land Leasement cost of the private land for project facilities (Temporary)
SN Land
description
Temporary land
required (ha)
Unit rate/ha Total land value
1 Khet
2 Bari 0.15 650,000 97,500
3 Pakho 0
Total 0.15 97,500
Table 4: Land Leasement cost for Government Land
S
N
Land description Total land requirement
(ha)
Total land
value
Remarks
1 Land leasement for 35
years 2.130 260925 includes incremental
cost
2 Land leasement for 4 years 0.200 2800
Total 2.330 263,725
Table 5: Land Purchase Cost Replacement of Forest Area Used
S
N
Land
description
Total land requirement
(ha)
Unit
rate/ha
Total land
value
Remarks
1 Permanent 2.130 6,500,000 13,845,000 only for permanent
land
2 Temporary
0.200 4,500,000 900,000
Total 2.330 14,745,000
Table 6: Total cost for land
SN Land description Total land value
1 Land acquisition cost of the Private Land (Permanently) 55,175,000
2 Land Leasement cost of the Private Land (Temporary use) 97,500
3 Land Leasement cost for Government Land 263,725
4 Land Purchase Cost Replacement of Forest Area Used 14,745,000
Total 70,281,225
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex XILoss of private land and List of PAF
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Loss of land of PAF
S.
N
Rural
Municipality
Ward
No.
Settelment Land Holders
Name
Kitta
number
Total
(ha)
Construction area Land owned
(ha)
% of land
loss
1 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Ram kumari Rai
111 0.252 Water Conveyence, disposal area
0.65 38.80
2 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Mina kumari
Rai
124 0.350 Water Conveyence, Access
road
0.87 40.23
3 Sirijunga 7 DADA Jit bahadur Limbu
4 0.276 Water Conveyence 0.87 31.76
4 Sirijunga 7 Yamfudin Jabbar Bahadur
Rai
6 0.230 Intake 0.65 35.38
5 Sirijunga 7 Yamfudin Ram Rai 7 0.220 Intake 0.77 28.57
6 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Tarchadeep
Gurung
83 0.411 Water Conveyence, Access
road
0.97 42.34
7 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Om prakash
Gurung
111 0.165 Water Conveyence, Access
road
0.48 34.41
8 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Prithivi Bhadur
Gurung
14 0.260 Water Conveyence, Access
road
0.82 31.73
9 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Khadka
Bahadur Gurung
113 0.113 Water Conveyence, Access
road
0.36 31.39
10 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Garga Man
Gurung
110 0.464 Water Conveyence 0.64 72.43
11 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin karna B.
Gurung
0.200 Water Conveyence 0.47 42.55
12 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Sita gurung 93 0.005 Water Conveyence 0.12 3.98
13 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Duryodhan Gurung
98 0.423 Water Conveyence, construction yard
0.98 43.15
14 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Balbir Gurung 141 0.422 Power house, switchyard 0.976 43.25
15 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Ram Gurung 0.570 Power house 1.28 44.53
16 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Mina kumari
Thulung
124 0.464 Water Conveyence 0.84 55.18
17 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Man Bir Rai 107 0.450 Water Conveyence, stockpiling
0.977 46.07
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.
N
Rural
Municipality
Ward
No.
Settelment Land Holders
Name
Kitta
number
Total
(ha)
Construction area Land owned
(ha)
% of land
loss
18 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Surya kumar Rai
102 0.211 Intake, Powerhouse 0.78 27.03
19 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Tika ram
Limbu
0.105 Powerhouse area 0.68 15.43
20 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Loden Bhote 0.550 Water Conveyence 1.25 44.00
21 Sirijunga 6 Yamfudin Lakpa Doma 0.480 Water Conveyence 1.02 47.06
22 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Krishna Bhote 47 0.500 Water Conveyence 1.12 44.64
23 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Sonam Bhote 0.310 Water Conveyence 0.78 39.74
24 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Kumar Limbu 0.320 Water Conveyence 0.67 47.76
25 Sirijunga 8 Yamfudin Shyamu Limbu 0.550 0.82 67.07
Total 8.300
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex XIILoss of Standing crops from Private land
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Table 1: Loss of Agricultural Production from Permanently and Temporarily Acquired
Land
S
N
Cereal
Crops
Total Area
(ha)
Yield
Mt/ha
Production
(Mt)
Local Market Value
(NRs)/MT
Amount
(NRs)
1 Paddy 1.25 1.75 2.19 30,000 65,625
2 Wheat 1.26 1.85 2.33 25,350 59,091
3 Maize 2.25 1.9 4.28 23,000 98,325
4 Millet 1.33 1.13 1.50 11,000 16,532
5 Barley 0.38 1.56 0.59 12,000 7,114
6 Beans 1.56 0.95 1.48 15,000 22,230
7 Potato 0.27 13.15 3.55 26,000 92,313
Total 8.3 15.92 361,229
Table 2: Loss of standing Cash Crops Production from acquired land
S
N
Cash
Crops
Estimated Cropped
Area (Ha)
Annual
Production
Total
Production
Local Market
Value (NRs)
Amount
(NRs)
Rema
rks
1 Bamboo LS 220 Pole 100 22,000
2 Vegetable LS 1600 kg estimated 160,000
3 Cardamon LS 2.5 MT 550,000 1,375,000
4 Nigalo LS 1500 pole 25/pole 37,500
Total 1,594,500
Table 3: Estimated Cost of Lost of Fodder Production
SN Fodder Type Total Production (Bhari) Rate/Bhari (NRs) Total Cost (NRs)
1 Grass 2200 50 110,000
2 Tree Fodder 1250 50 62,500
Total 3450 100 172,500
Table 4: Total Loss of Standing Crops, Cash Crops and Fodder Due to Project Land
Acquisition
SN Description Total Cost (NRs) Remarks
1 Cereal Crops 361,229
2 Cash Crops 1594500
3 Loss of Fodder 172,500
Total 2,128,229
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Table: Tree loss from KCA
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
1 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 46.00 0.46 6.00 0.36 1.38 tree
2 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.00 0.45 10.00 0.35 2.25 tree
3 Access Road Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 42.67 0.43 11.00 0.33 2.35 tree
4 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 41.67 0.42 12.00 0.33 2.50 tree
5 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 43.50 0.44 6.00 0.34 1.31 tree
6 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 40.00 0.40 6.00 0.31 1.20 tree
7 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.96 0.40 7.00 0.31 1.40 tree
8 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 39.00 0.39 5.00 0.31 0.98 tree
9 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 38.00 0.38 7.00 0.30 1.33 tree
10 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 37.00 0.37 6.00 0.29 1.11 tree
11 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 39.40 0.39 5.00 0.31 0.99 tree
12 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.00 0.36 10.00 0.28 1.80 tree
13 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 36.00 0.36 5.00 0.28 0.90 tree
14 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 35.00 0.35 7.00 0.27 1.23 tree
15 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 35.00 0.35 8.00 0.27 1.40 tree
16 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 36.40 0.36 3.00 0.29 0.55 pole
17 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 39.20 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.78 tree
18 Access Road Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 34.00 0.34 10.00 0.27 1.70 tree
19 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 33.00 0.33 8.00 0.26 1.32 tree
20 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 33.00 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.16 tree
21 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 33.45 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.17 tree
22 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 32.00 0.32 8.00 0.25 1.28 tree
23 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 32.00 0.32 6.00 0.25 0.96 tree
24 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 35.20 0.35 4.00 0.28 0.70 tree
25 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 37.90 0.38 4.00 0.30 0.76 tree
26 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 31.00 0.31 7.00 0.24 1.09 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
27 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 31.00 0.31 6.00 0.24 0.93 tree
28 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 38.710 0.39 4.00 0.30 0.77 tree
29 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 30.75 0.31 16.00 0.24 2.46 tree
30 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 47.5 0.48 5.00 0.37 1.19 tree
31 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35 0.35 6.00 0.27 1.05 tree
32 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 30 0.30 5.00 0.24 0.75 tree
33 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 40 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 pole
34 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.5 0.43 4.00 0.33 0.85 pole
35 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 29.00 0.29 4.00 0.23 0.58 pole
36 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole
37 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 18 0.18 5.00 0.14 0.45 pole
38 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 23.00 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole
39 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 26 0.26 3.00 0.20 0.39 pole
40 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 22 0.22 3.00 0.17 0.33 pole
41 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 20.00 0.20 4.00 0.16 0.40 pole
42 Access Road Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 20.00 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole
43 Access Road Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 20.00 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole
44 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 18.90 0.19 4.00 0.15 0.38 pole
45 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 18.5 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
46 Access Road Latto Kath swidaob longaa 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole
47 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 15.6 0.16 2.00 0.12 0.16 pole
48 Access Road Salla Pinus roxburghii 19 0.19 1.50 0.15 0.14 pole
49 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 20.8 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole
50 Access Road Utis Alnus nepalensis 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
51 Access Road Aaru prunus persica 12.00 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
52 Access Road Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 12.00 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
53 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 49.00 0.49 7.00 0.38 1.72 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
54 Intake katus Castanopsis tribuloides 49.00 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.96 tree
55 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.62 0.49 10.00 0.38 2.43 tree
56 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.50 0.49 10.00 0.38 2.43 tree
57 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 48.50 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.94 tree
58 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.50 0.49 12.00 0.38 2.91 tree
59 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.50 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.94 tree
60 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 48.50 0.49 12.00 0.38 2.91 tree
61 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.20 0.48 13.00 0.38 3.13 tree
62 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 48.00 0.48 9.00 0.38 2.16 tree
63 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 48.00 0.48 4.00 0.38 0.96 tree
64 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.00 0.48 7.00 0.38 1.68 tree
65 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 47.33 0.47 6.00 0.37 1.42 tree
66 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 47.33 0.47 6.00 0.37 1.42 tree
67 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 47.20 0.47 8.00 0.37 1.89 tree
68 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 47.00 0.47 10.00 0.37 2.35 tree
69 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 46.67 0.47 11.00 0.37 2.57 tree
70 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 46.67 0.47 15.00 0.37 3.50 tree
71 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 46.50 0.47 10.00 0.37 2.33 tree
72 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 46.00 0.46 9.00 0.36 2.07 tree
73 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 46.00 0.46 13.00 0.36 2.99 tree
74 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 46.00 0.46 9.00 0.36 2.07 tree
75 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.50 0.46 12.00 0.36 2.73 tree
76 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 45.50 0.46 5.00 0.36 1.14 tree
77 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.30 0.45 8.00 0.36 1.81 tree
78 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 45.00 0.45 12.00 0.35 2.70 tree
79 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.00 0.45 8.00 0.35 1.80 tree
80 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 45.00 0.45 8.00 0.35 1.80 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
81 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 45.00 0.45 4.00 0.35 0.90 tree
82 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 45.00 0.45 11.00 0.35 2.48 tree
83 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 45.00 0.45 8.00 0.35 1.80 tree
84 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 45.00 0.45 7.00 0.35 1.58 tree
85 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.00 0.45 11.00 0.35 2.48 tree
86 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.89 0.45 12.00 0.35 2.69 tree
87 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.36 0.44 12.00 0.35 2.66 tree
88 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 44.00 0.44 5.00 0.35 1.10 tree
89 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 12.00 0.35 2.64 tree
90 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 12.00 0.35 2.64 tree
91 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 44.00 0.44 4.00 0.35 0.88 tree
92 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 10.00 0.35 2.20 tree
93 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.33 0.43 13.00 0.34 2.82 tree
94 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 43.33 0.43 14.00 0.34 3.03 tree
95 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.00 0.43 12.00 0.34 2.58 tree
96 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 43.00 0.43 9.00 0.34 1.94 tree
97 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.00 0.43 7.00 0.34 1.51 tree
98 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.67 0.43 12.00 0.33 2.56 tree
99 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.67 0.43 12.00 0.33 2.56 tree
100 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.25 0.42 8.00 0.33 1.69 tree
101 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 42.00 0.42 12.00 0.33 2.52 tree
102 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.00 0.42 11.00 0.33 2.31 tree
103 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 42.50 0.43 10.00 0.33 2.13 tree
104 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 42.00 0.42 8.00 0.33 1.68 tree
105 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 44.50 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.11 tree
106 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 42.00 0.42 4.00 0.33 0.84 tree
107 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 46.20 0.46 4.00 0.36 0.92 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
108 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 49.50 0.50 13.00 0.39 3.22 tree
109 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.00 0.42 9.00 0.33 1.89 tree
110 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.60 0.43 12.00 0.33 2.56 tree
111 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 44.60 0.45 6.00 0.35 1.34 tree
112 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 44.80 0.45 4.00 0.35 0.90 tree
113 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 41.00 0.41 3.00 0.32 0.62 tree
114 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 41.00 0.41 8.00 0.32 1.64 tree
115 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 41.90 0.42 8.00 0.33 1.68 tree
116 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 46.30 0.46 8.00 0.36 1.85 tree
117 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 40.67 0.41 14.00 0.32 2.85 tree
118 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 40.67 0.41 7.00 0.32 1.42 tree
119 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40.52 0.41 11.00 0.32 2.23 tree
120 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40.52 0.41 8.00 0.32 1.62 tree
121 Intake katus Castranopsis tribuloides 40.50 0.41 10.00 0.32 2.03 tree
122 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 43.20 0.43 12.00 0.34 2.59 tree
123 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 45.60 0.46 13.00 0.36 2.96 tree
124 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 47.60 0.48 12.00 0.37 2.86 tree
125 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 49.80 0.50 11.00 0.39 2.74 tree
126 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 44.60 0.45 10.00 0.35 2.23 tree
127 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 46.35 0.46 10.00 0.36 2.32 tree
128 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.80 0.43 10.00 0.34 2.14 tree
129 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 40.00 0.40 4.00 0.31 0.80 tree
130 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40.00 0.40 13.00 0.31 2.60 tree
131 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40.00 0.40 13.00 0.31 2.60 tree
132 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 40.00 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 pole
133 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 40.36 0.40 3.00 0.32 0.61 tree
134 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 49.30 0.49 15.00 0.39 3.70 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
135 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.60 0.44 15.00 0.34 3.27 tree
136 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.63 0.40 16.00 0.31 3.17 tree
137 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.50 0.40 12.00 0.31 2.37 tree
138 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 39.63 0.40 7.00 0.31 1.39 tree
139 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 33.60 0.34 10.00 0.26 1.68 tree
140 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 35.90 0.36 8.00 0.28 1.44 tree
141 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 33.86 0.34 6.00 0.27 1.02 tree
142 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 36.40 0.36 3.00 0.29 0.55 tree
143 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 39.00 0.39 2.00 0.31 0.39 tree
144 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.61 0.40 13.00 0.31 2.57 tree
145 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 38.95 0.39 13.00 0.31 2.53 tree
146 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 38.25 0.38 14.00 0.30 2.68 tree
147 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 38.25 0.38 10.00 0.30 1.91 tree
148 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.64 0.38 10.00 0.30 1.88 tree
149 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 39.40 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.79 tree
150 Intake katus Castranopsis tribuloides 38.00 0.38 8.00 0.30 1.52 tree
151 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 38.00 0.38 1.00 0.30 0.19 tree
152 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.84 0.38 7.00 0.30 1.32 tree
153 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.50 0.38 12.00 0.29 2.25 tree
154 Intake katus Castranopsis tribuloides 37.33 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.87 tree
155 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 33.21 0.33 12.00 0.26 1.99 tree
156 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 37.00 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree
157 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.00 0.37 12.00 0.29 2.22 tree
158 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.00 0.37 11.00 0.29 2.04 tree
159 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 37.00 0.37 8.00 0.29 1.48 tree
160 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.60 0.36 4.00 0.28 0.71 tree
161 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 33.75 0.34 8.00 0.26 1.35 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
162 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 45.30 0.45 3.00 0.36 0.68 tree
163 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.00 0.37 5.00 0.29 0.93 tree
164 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.00 0.37 5.00 0.29 0.93 tree
165 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.50 0.36 6.00 0.28 1.07 tree
166 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 36.90 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.85 tree
167 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 39.50 0.40 7.00 0.31 1.38 tree
168 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.67 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.83 tree
169 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.67 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.83 tree
170 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.67 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.83 tree
171 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.67 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.83 tree
172 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 35.40 0.35 10.00 0.28 1.77 tree
173 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 35.78 0.36 5.00 0.28 0.89 tree
174 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 34.60 0.35 9.00 0.27 1.56 tree
175 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 36.50 0.37 8.00 0.29 1.46 tree
176 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 33.50 0.34 12.00 0.26 2.01 tree
177 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.50 0.33 10.00 0.26 1.63 tree
178 Intake Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 33.41 0.33 6.00 0.26 1.00 tree
179 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 39.40 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.79 tree
180 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 33.25 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.16 tree
181 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 36.00 0.36 4.00 0.28 0.72 tree
182 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 36.00 0.36 4.00 0.28 0.72 tree
183 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 45.20 0.45 3.00 0.35 0.68 tree
184 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 46.30 0.46 3.00 0.36 0.69 tree
185 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 42.10 0.42 3.00 0.33 0.63 tree
186 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 48.20 0.48 2.00 0.38 0.48 tree
187 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.00 0.36 14.00 0.28 2.52 tree
188 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.83 0.36 8.00 0.28 1.43 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
189 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 35.83 0.36 15.00 0.28 2.69 tree
190 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 35.83 0.36 13.00 0.28 2.33 tree
191 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.83 0.36 5.00 0.28 0.90 tree
192 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 35.67 0.36 9.00 0.28 1.61 tree
193 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.53 0.36 5.00 0.28 0.89 tree
194 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.42 0.35 6.00 0.28 1.06 tree
195 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.42 0.35 12.00 0.28 2.13 tree
196 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.33 0.35 12.00 0.28 2.12 tree
197 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.33 0.35 10.00 0.28 1.77 tree
198 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.20 0.35 9.00 0.28 1.58 tree
199 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 45.24 0.45 11.00 0.36 2.49 tree
200 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.45 0.36 12.00 0.29 2.19 tree
201 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 38.21 0.38 6.00 0.30 1.15 tree
202 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 37.50 0.38 9.00 0.29 1.69 tree
203 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.64 0.33 13.00 0.26 2.12 tree
204 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 9.00 0.27 1.58 tree
205 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 35.00 0.35 6.00 0.27 1.05 tree
206 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 35.00 0.35 7.00 0.27 1.23 tree
207 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 35.00 0.35 7.00 0.27 1.23 tree
208 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.00 0.35 3.00 0.27 0.53 tree
209 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 12.00 0.27 2.10 tree
210 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 35.00 0.35 2.50 0.27 0.44 tree
211 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 35.00 0.35 2.00 0.27 0.35 tree
212 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 35.00 0.35 3.00 0.27 0.53 tree
213 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 15.00 0.27 2.63 tree
214 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 14.00 0.27 2.45 tree
215 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 13.00 0.27 2.28 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
216 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.67 0.35 11.00 0.27 1.91 tree
217 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.60 0.35 5.00 0.27 0.87 tree
218 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.45 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.86 tree
219 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.36 0.34 8.00 0.27 1.37 tree
220 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.33 0.34 10.00 0.27 1.72 tree
221 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.33 0.34 10.00 0.27 1.72 tree
222 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 34.00 0.34 6.00 0.27 1.02 tree
223 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 32.60 0.33 10.00 0.26 1.63 tree
224 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 39.40 0.39 9.00 0.31 1.77 tree
225 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.50 0.36 8.00 0.28 1.42 tree
226 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.95 0.35 7.00 0.27 1.22 tree
227 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 33.40 0.33 4.00 0.26 0.67 tree
228 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 33.70 0.34 5.00 0.26 0.84 tree
229 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
230 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
231 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 34.60 0.35 10.00 0.27 1.73 tree
232 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.20 0.35 4.00 0.28 0.70 tree
233 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 39.40 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.79 tree
234 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 34.00 0.34 8.00 0.27 1.36 tree
235 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.40 0.32 8.00 0.25 1.30 tree
236 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.45 0.36 8.00 0.29 1.46 tree
237 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.40 0.39 5.00 0.31 0.99 tree
238 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 30.25 0.30 7.00 0.24 1.06 tree
239 Intake Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 38.20 0.38 6.00 0.30 1.15 tree
240 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
241 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 37.56 0.38 6.00 0.29 1.13 tree
242 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 34.59 0.35 5.00 0.27 0.86 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
243 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 38.23 0.38 5.00 0.30 0.96 tree
244 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 37.12 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree
245 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 34.00 0.34 4.00 0.27 0.68 tree
246 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 34.00 0.34 3.00 0.27 0.51 tree
247 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 34.96 0.35 2.00 0.27 0.35 tree
248 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 33.61 0.34 7.00 0.26 1.18 tree
249 Intake katus Castanopsis tribuloides 35.20 0.35 6.00 0.28 1.06 tree
250 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 31.56 0.32 7.00 0.25 1.10 tree
251 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 33.00 0.33 5.00 0.26 0.83 tree
252 Intake katus Castanopsis tribuloides 33.00 0.33 6.00 0.26 0.99 tree
253 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 33.00 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.16 tree
254 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 33.56 0.34 5.00 0.26 0.84 tree
255 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 34.52 0.35 6.00 0.27 1.04 tree
256 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 31.80 0.32 2.00 0.25 0.32 tree
257 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.90 0.33 2.00 0.26 0.33 tree
258 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.72 0.33 9.00 0.26 1.47 tree
259 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 32.67 0.33 10.00 0.26 1.63 tree
260 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.67 0.33 8.00 0.26 1.31 tree
261 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 32.33 0.32 6.00 0.25 0.97 tree
262 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.00 0.32 9.00 0.25 1.44 tree
263 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.00 0.32 9.00 0.25 1.44 tree
264 Intake Kafal Myrica esculenta 32.00 0.32 7.00 0.25 1.12 tree
265 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 32.00 0.32 4.00 0.25 0.64 tree
266 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.80 0.35 12.00 0.27 2.09 tree
267 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.20 0.39 10.00 0.31 1.96 tree
268 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.75 0.35 7.00 0.27 1.22 tree
269 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 33.20 0.33 5.00 0.26 0.83 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
270 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 32.51 0.33 4.00 0.26 0.65 tree
271 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 33.60 0.34 4.00 0.26 0.67 tree
272 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.50 0.36 3.00 0.28 0.53 tree
273 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 39.20 0.39 3.00 0.31 0.59 tree
274 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 38.20 0.38 4.00 0.30 0.76 tree
275 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 40.52 0.41 4.00 0.32 0.81 tree
276 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 46.50 0.47 5.00 0.37 1.16 tree
277 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 44.90 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.12 tree
278 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 49.80 0.50 3.00 0.39 0.75 tree
279 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 32.00 0.32 3.00 0.25 0.48 tree
280 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree
281 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 31.25 0.31 16.00 0.25 2.50 tree
282 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 33.871 0.34 6.00 0.27 1.02 tree
283 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 32.90 0.33 3.00 0.26 0.49 tree
284 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 28.06 0.28 4.00 0.22 0.56 tree
285 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 33.871 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
286 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.90 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.15 tree
287 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 31.00 0.31 5.00 0.24 0.78 tree
288 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 30.60 0.31 9.00 0.24 1.38 tree
289 Intake Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 42.5 0.43 4.00 0.33 0.85 tree
290 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 47.5 0.48 4.00 0.37 0.95 tree
291 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 47.5 0.48 9.00 0.37 2.14 tree
292 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 40 0.40 3.00 0.31 0.60 tree
293 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 30 0.30 4.00 0.24 0.60 tree
294 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 32.5 0.33 6.00 0.26 0.98 tree
295 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 37.5 0.38 3.00 0.29 0.56 tree
296 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 40 0.40 8.00 0.31 1.60 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
297 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 47.5 0.48 8.00 0.37 1.90 tree
298 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 35 0.35 5.00 0.27 0.88 tree
299 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 30.00 0.30 5.00 0.24 0.75 tree
300 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 30.00 0.30 4.00 0.24 0.60 tree
301 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 47.5 0.48 5.00 0.37 1.19 tree
302 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 45 0.45 6.00 0.35 1.35 tree
303 Intake mauwa Engelhardia spicata 45 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.13 tree
304 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 45 0.45 2.00 0.35 0.45 pole
305 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 29.50 0.30 2.00 0.23 0.30 pole
306 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 29.00 0.29 4.00 0.23 0.58 pole
307 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 29.00 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole
308 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole
309 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole
310 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 21 0.21 4.00 0.16 0.42 pole
311 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 19 0.19 3.00 0.15 0.29 pole
312 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 17 0.17 5.00 0.13 0.43 pole
313 Intake Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 19.5 0.20 2.00 0.15 0.20 pole
314 Intake siris Albizia chinensis 25 0.25 6.00 0.20 0.75 pole
315 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 29 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole
316 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole
317 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 22 0.22 4.00 0.17 0.44 pole
318 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole
319 Intake Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 27.5 0.28 5.00 0.22 0.69 pole
320 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 20.8 0.21 7.00 0.16 0.73 pole
321 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
322 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 23.5 0.24 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole
323 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
324 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 16 0.16 4.00 0.13 0.32 pole
325 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 15.6 0.16 3.00 0.12 0.23 pole
326 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 19 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
327 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole
328 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 19 0.19 1.50 0.15 0.14 pole
329 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole
330 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 24.00 0.24 2.00 0.19 0.24 pole
331 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 24.00 0.24 4.00 0.19 0.48 pole
332 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 24.60 0.25 2.00 0.19 0.25 pole
333 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 25.40 0.25 2.00 0.20 0.25 pole
334 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 23.00 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole
335 Intake Asare Lagerstroomia reginae 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
336 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole
337 Intake Khanyoo Ficus camia 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 pole
338 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 26 0.26 5.00 0.20 0.65 pole
339 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 28 0.28 3.00 0.22 0.42 pole
340 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 21.00 0.21 3.00 0.16 0.32 pole
341 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 21.00 0.21 3.00 0.16 0.32 pole
342 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 21.00 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole
343 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 21.00 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole
344 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 21.00 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole
345 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardicum 20 0.20 3.00 0.16 0.30 pole
346 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole
347 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 28 0.28 2.00 0.22 0.28 pole
348 Intake Chilaune Schima wallichii 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole
349 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole
350 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
351 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 23 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole
352 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 18 0.18 4.00 0.14 0.36 pole
353 Intake Jhingane Eurya acuminata 26 0.26 3.00 0.20 0.39 pole
354 Intake Latto Kath swidaob longaa 18.5 0.19 1.00 0.15 0.09 pole
355 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 22 0.22 3.00 0.17 0.33 pole
356 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 20.00 0.20 1.00 0.16 0.10 pole
357 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 19.00 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
358 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 19.00 0.19 1.00 0.15 0.10 pole
359 Intake Khanyoo Ficus camia 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
360 Intake Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole
361 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 22 0.22 2.00 0.17 0.22 pole
362 Intake Malato macaranga pustulata 26 0.26 1.00 0.20 0.13 pole
363 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 18.5 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
364 Intake Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 16 0.16 5.00 0.13 0.40 pole
365 Intake Katus Castanopsis tribuloides 15.8 0.16 2.00 0.12 0.16 pole
366 Intake chilaune Schima wallichii 28 0.28 2.00 0.22 0.28 pole
367 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 15.00 0.15 2.00 0.12 0.15 pole
368 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 14.35 0.14 1.00 0.11 0.07 pole
369 Intake Paiyo Prunus corasoides 14.00 0.14 1.00 0.11 0.07 pole
370 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 14.00 0.14 15.00 0.11 1.05 pole
371 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 27.5 0.28 2.00 0.22 0.28 pole
372 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 19.5 0.20 1.00 0.15 0.10 pole
373 Intake Kainyo Wendlandia puberlua 13.00 0.13 3.00 0.10 0.20 pole
374 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 13.00 0.13 4.00 0.10 0.26 pole
375 Intake Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 12.00 0.12 4.00 0.09 0.24 pole
376 Intake Chutro Berberis aristata 12.00 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
377 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 12.00 0.12 3.00 0.09 0.18 pole
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
378 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 27.5 0.28 2.00 0.22 0.28 pole
379 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 26 0.26 2.00 0.20 0.26 pole
380 Intake Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 17.9 0.18 1.00 0.14 0.09 pole
381 Intake Guras Rhododendron ferrugineum 22 0.22 1.00 0.17 0.11 pole
382 Intake Khanyoo Ficus camia 25 0.25 1.00 0.20 0.13 pole
383 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 23 0.23 2.00 0.18 0.23 pole
384 Intake Putta Brassasopsis mitis 29 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole
385 Intake Siris Albizia chinensis 22 0.22 6.00 0.17 0.66 tree
386 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 15.6 0.16 1.00 0.12 0.08 pole
387 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 11.90 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
388 Intake Utis Alnus nepalensis 11.70 0.12 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
389 Intake Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 11.00 0.11 1.00 0.09 0.06 pole
390 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 47.00 0.47 12.00 0.37 2.82 tree
391 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 12.00 0.35 2.64 tree
392 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.00 0.43 11.00 0.34 2.37 tree
393 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 33.40 0.33 5.00 0.26 0.84 tree
394 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 37.54 0.38 12.00 0.29 2.25 tree
395 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.23 0.36 12.00 0.28 2.17 tree
396 Surge tank Malato macaranga pustulata 35.67 0.36 10.00 0.28 1.78 tree
397 Surge tank Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.00 0.32 10.00 0.25 1.60 tree
398 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree
399 Surge tank Chilaune Schima wallichii 16 0.16 2.00 0.13 0.16 pole
400 Surge tank Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 23.00 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.35 pole
401 Surge tank Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 18.5 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
402 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 49.00 0.49 7.00 0.38 1.72 tree
403 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.50 0.49 10.00 0.38 2.43 tree
404 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.42 0.48 7.00 0.38 1.69 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
405 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.00 0.48 10.00 0.38 2.40 tree
406 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 45.36 0.45 11.00 0.36 2.49 tree
407 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 12.00 0.35 2.64 tree
408 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 8.00 0.35 1.76 tree
409 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 44.00 0.44 4.00 0.35 0.88 tree
410 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.00 0.44 10.00 0.35 2.20 tree
411 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 43.76 0.44 7.00 0.34 1.53 tree
412 Penstock Pipe utis Alnus nepalensis 42.00 0.42 9.00 0.33 1.89 tree
413 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 42.00 0.42 8.00 0.33 1.68 tree
414 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 41.00 0.41 6.00 0.32 1.23 tree
415 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 41.30 0.41 4.00 0.32 0.83 tree
416 Penstock Pipe utis Alnus nepalensis 41.00 0.41 5.00 0.32 1.03 tree
417 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 40.00 0.40 12.00 0.31 2.40 tree
418 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 40.00 0.40 2.00 0.31 0.40 tree
419 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 36.70 0.37 8.00 0.29 1.47 tree
420 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 38.20 0.38 8.00 0.30 1.53 tree
421 Penstock Pipe utis Alnus nepalensis 37.45 0.37 12.00 0.29 2.25 tree
422 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 36.45 0.36 6.00 0.29 1.09 tree
423 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 33.41 0.33 4.00 0.26 0.67 tree
424 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 32.00 0.32 8.00 0.25 1.28 tree
425 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 37.00 0.37 3.00 0.29 0.56 tree
426 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 37.00 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree
427 Penstock Pipe Latto Kath swidaob longaa 37.00 0.37 4.00 0.29 0.74 tree
428 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.89 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.84 tree
429 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.67 0.37 10.00 0.29 1.83 tree
430 Penstock Pipe Putta Brassasopsis mitis 36.00 0.36 8.00 0.28 1.44 tree
431 Penstock Pipe Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 45.20 0.45 6.00 0.35 1.36 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
432 Penstock Pipe Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 45.23 0.45 3.00 0.36 0.68 tree
433 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 35.67 0.36 9.00 0.28 1.61 tree
434 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.33 0.35 5.00 0.28 0.88 tree
435 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 12.00 0.27 2.10 tree
436 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.33 0.34 10.00 0.27 1.72 tree
437 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 34.00 0.34 6.00 0.27 1.02 tree
438 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.00 0.34 8.00 0.27 1.36 tree
439 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 35.24 0.35 4.00 0.28 0.70 tree
440 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 38.20 0.38 8.00 0.30 1.53 tree
441 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
442 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.00 0.34 5.00 0.27 0.85 tree
443 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 34.00 0.34 4.00 0.27 0.68 tree
444 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 33.00 0.33 3.00 0.26 0.50 tree
445 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 33.00 0.33 2.00 0.26 0.33 tree
446 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.63 0.33 10.00 0.26 1.63 tree
447 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 32.33 0.32 6.00 0.25 0.97 tree
448 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 46.50 0.47 9.00 0.37 2.09 tree
449 Penstock Pipe Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.80 0.45 12.00 0.35 2.69 tree
450 Penstock Pipe Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 43.80 0.44 4.00 0.34 0.88 tree
451 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 46.70 0.47 4.00 0.37 0.93 tree
452 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 43.50 0.44 3.00 0.34 0.65 tree
453 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree
454 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree
455 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 32.00 0.32 4.00 0.25 0.64 tree
456 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 32.00 0.32 5.00 0.25 0.80 tree
457 Penstock Pipe Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 31.00 0.31 5.00 0.24 0.78 tree
458 Penstock Pipe Bhakimlo Rhus javanica 31.00 0.31 4.00 0.24 0.62 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
459 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 31.00 0.31 4.00 0.24 0.62 tree
460 Penstock Pipe utis Alnus nepalensis 30.72 0.31 8.00 0.24 1.23 tree
461 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 45 0.45 5.00 0.35 1.13 tree
462 Penstock Pipe Gagun Sauraula nepalensis 32.5 0.33 3.00 0.26 0.49 tree
463 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 35 0.35 4.00 0.27 0.70 tree
464 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 45 0.45 3.00 0.35 0.68 tree
465 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 47.5 0.48 3.00 0.37 0.71 tree
466 Penstock Pipe Jhingane Eurya acuminata 30.00 0.30 5.00 0.24 0.75 tree
467 Penstock Pipe Malato macaranga pustulata 30.00 0.30 6.00 0.24 0.90 tree
468 Penstock Pipe Angeri Lyonia ovalifolia 29.00 0.29 2.00 0.23 0.29 pole
469 Penstock Pipe Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 29.00 0.29 3.00 0.23 0.44 pole
470 Penstock Pipe Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 0.20 2.00 0.16 0.20 pole
471 Penstock Pipe Latto Kath swidaob longaa 22.5 0.23 3.00 0.18 0.34 pole
472 Penstock Pipe siris Albizia chinensis 23 0.23 6.00 0.18 0.69 pole
473 Penstock Pipe Timur Zanthoxylium armatum 19.5 0.20 5.00 0.15 0.49 pole
474 Penstock Pipe Ghurmis Leucoseptrum canum 21.00 0.21 1.00 0.16 0.11 pole
475 Penstock Pipe Nivaro Ficus rosenbergii 21.00 0.21 2.00 0.16 0.21 pole
476 Penstock Pipe Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 19.00 0.19 2.00 0.15 0.19 pole
477 Penstock Pipe Chutro Berbis aristata 25 0.25 2.00 0.20 0.25 pole
478 Penstock Pipe Paiyo Prunus corasoides 16 0.16 1.00 0.13 0.08 pole
479 Penstock Pipe Putta Brassasopsis mitis 18 0.18 2.00 0.14 0.18 tree
480 Penstock Pipe Dhudilo Ficus neriifolia 12.00 0.12 2.00 0.09 0.12 pole
481 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 49.00 0.49 8.00 0.38 1.96 tree
482 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 48.00 0.48 10.00 0.38 2.40 tree
483 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.36 0.44 10.00 0.35 2.22 tree
484 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 41.36 0.41 4.00 0.32 0.83 tree
485 Power house Chilaune Schima wallichii 43.60 0.44 7.00 0.34 1.53 tree
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
S.N Components Species Scientific name DBH(cm) DBH(m) Height(m) Basal Area (m2) Volume (m3) Type of Tree
486 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 39.85 0.40 5.00 0.31 1.00 tree
487 Power house Chutro Berbis aristata 39.00 0.39 5.00 0.31 0.98 tree
488 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 39.00 0.39 4.00 0.31 0.78 tree
489 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 37.64 0.38 5.00 0.30 0.94 tree
490 Power house Chilaune Schima wallichii 37.36 0.37 7.00 0.29 1.31 tree
491 Power house chilaune Schima wallichii 47.20 0.47 4.00 0.37 0.94 tree
492 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 36.00 0.36 4.00 0.28 0.72 tree
493 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 35.00 0.35 12.00 0.27 2.10 tree
494 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 34.56 0.35 4.00 0.27 0.69 tree
495 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 33.00 0.33 7.00 0.26 1.16 tree
496 Power house Chilaune Schima wallichii 32.67 0.33 10.00 0.26 1.63 tree
497 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 32.00 0.32 9.00 0.25 1.44 tree
498 Power house Utis Alnus nepalensis 44.20 0.44 5.00 0.35 1.11 tree
499 Power house Bhalayo Semecarpus anacardium 32.00 0.32 4.00 0.25 0.64 pole
500 Power house Chutro Berbis aristata 29.5 0.30 3.00 0.23 0.44 pole
Total 135.07 584.63
Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW EIA Report
Annex XIVPower and Energy Balance and Environmental Balance Table
Table : Power and Energy Table Weir Crest Level 1703.00 masl
Turbine Axis Level 1444.00 masl Turbine efficiency 0.90
Gross head 259.00 m Generator efficiency 0.96
Design discharge Q45 5.90 m3/s Transformer efficiency 0.99
Plant Capacity 12.00 MW Combined efficiency 0.855
Outage+Losses+self-consumption % 4.00%
Months No. of
days
Discharge in
River (m3/s)
Minimum
D/S Release
(m3/s)
Available
Flow
(m3/s
Plant Flow for
energy
generation
(m3/s
Total
head loss
(m)
Net head
(m)
Power
Output
Gross
Energy
Generation
Outage
(4%)
Energy at
delivery
point
Dry
season
energy
Wet
season
energy
Total
energy
Mw GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh
Jan 31 1.96 0.196 1.764 1.764 3.35 255.65 3.78 2.82 0.11 2.70 2.70 2.70
Feb 28 1.62 0.162 1.458 1.458 3.15 255.85 3.13 2.10 0.08 2.02 2.02 2.02
Mar 31 1.59 0.159 1.431 1.431 2.64 256.36 3.08 2.29 0.09 2.20 2.20 2.20
April 30 2.35 0.235 2.115 2.115 3.15 255.85 4.54 3.27 0.13 3.14 3.14 3.14
May 31 5.18 0.518 4.662 4.662 9.62 249.38 9.76 7.26 0.29 6.97 6.97 6.97
June 30 13.76 1.376 12.384 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 8.71 0.35 8.36 8.36 8.36
July 31 27.20 2.72 24.480 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64
Aug 31 30.17 3.017 27.153 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64
Sep 30 21.51 2.151 19.359 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 8.71 0.35 8.36 8.36 8.36
Oct 31 9.94 0.994 8.946 5.90 14.76 244.24 12 9.00 0.36 8.64 8.64 8.64
Nov 30 4.45 0.445 4.005 4.005 7.72 251.28 8.44 6.08 0.24 5.84 5.84 5.84
Dec 31 2.72 0.27 2.448 2.448 3.25 255.75 5.25 3.91 0.16 3.75 3.75 3.75
Total 365 20.78 48.46 69.24
Dry Energy (GWh) 20.78 From Dec 1st to May 31st
Wet Energy (GWh) 48.46 From June 1st to Nov 30th
Total Energy (GWh) 69.24
A. Topography/Physiography
1. Study of Topographic maps/ other available maps and identify the groundtopographic characteristics of land covered by the proposed project
2. Verify the topographic characteristics of the land in the field3. Soil Type
B. Climate and Meteorology
1. Study of published data of regarding temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speedand direction, solar radiation
2. If possible classify the climatic zone and its verification3. Visit the meteorological office of the district and get latest information
C. Air Quality
1. Collect any data on air quality of the area from previous literature2. Investigate on the air polluting activities of the area (traffic, biomass burning,
industries, other anthropogenic activities
D. Erosion and land Stability
1. Identification of erosion prone area along the road alignment2. Investigate the erosion features and potentials of the local streams and gullies
E. Land Use
1. Investigate on the land use of the Project Blocks from the topo-maps, and otheravailable land use maps
2. Investigate the land use affected by the project structures and subsidiary facilities3. Investigate on the land use potentials of the area
I. Types of Permanent Land to be required for the Project
S.N. PROJECT COMPONENTS. LAND TYPE (In hectare)
Total area (In ha.)
Remarks
Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain
Built up/ Residential
Gvt. CF LHF Rel. Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_
Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt
1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Total Access Road Land Required for the access road is presented in separate table. Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards /Stockpiling
Sites/Project office
Batching Area Total Area
II. Types of Temporary Land to be required for the Project
S.N.
PROJECT COMPONENTS. LAND TYPE (In hectare)
Total area (In ha.)
Remarks
Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain
Built up/ Residential
Gvt. CF LHF Rel.
Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_
Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt
1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Total Access Road Land Required for the access road is presented in separate table. Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards /Stockpiling
Sites/Project office
Batching Area Total Area
III. Types of Permanent Land to be required for the Road Project
S.N. PROJECT COMPONENTS LAND TYPE (In hectare)
Total area (In ha.)
Remarks
Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain
Built up/ Residential
Gvt. CF LHF Rel. Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_
Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt.
1 Road Corridor: 2 Borrow Area* 3 Disposal Sites* 4 Storage Facilities* 5 Camp Site* Total Area
IV: Types of Temporary Land to be required for the Access Road Project
S.N. Project Components Land type (In hectare)
Total area (In ha.)
Remarks
Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain
Built up/ Residential
Gvt. CF LHF Rel. Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_
Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public
Pvt.
1 Road Corridor: 2 Borrow Area: 3 Disposal Sites 4 Storage Facilities 5 Camp Site - Total Area 0
V. Total Land Requirement for the Project Components S.N.
Project Components. Land type (In hectare)
Total area (In ha.)
Remarks
Forest Cultivated Barren River & Flood Plain
Built up/ Residential
Gvt. CF LHF Rel.
Pvt. Govt. -P]nfgL_
Pvt. Gvt Pvt. Public Pvt
1 Headworks: Diversion Structure Intake Approach to de-sander De-sander 2 Water Conveyance: Headrace Penstock Surge tank Tailrace 3 Power House 4 Sub-station/Switchyard Access Road Land Requirement for the project support facilities 6 Quarry Site A Quarry Site B Quarry Site C 7 Disposal Sits 8 Camp Sites 9 Construction Yards
/Stockpiling Sites/Project office
Batching Area Total Area
Table for replenished discharge in the ……. river/khola from side streams
S.N Name of stream and Distance of the stream from Headworks (km)
Incoming Streams (perennial) Cumulative Discharge at Confluence of each side
stream (m3/s)
Remarks*
Downstream environmental release from headworks Left Bank Right Bank Min.
monthly avg. flow (m3/s)
Catchment area (km2)
Min. monthly avg. flow (m3/s)
Catchment area (km2)
Name of stream-1 (..km) Name of stream-2 (..km) ……….. Cumulative discharge from side stream Side off take for other water usages# purpose of off take Tailrace discharge + Cumulative discharge from side streams - side off take Note:
*–i) Catchment and hydrological characteristics of side streams. ii) State methodology of discharge estimation.
# – If there are more than one off takes, give them in separate rows
EXHIBIT SIDE STREAMS, WITH NAME, IN A COLOURED TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP.
1
1(A)-Loss of Land of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: # – Mention the category loss for each family * – Use separate row for each project component for the family as required
1(B)-Total Loss of Land of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: * – Use separate row for each project component
S.N. Owner's Name and Family size
Gaupalika/
Ward No.
Project Component*
Loss of Land in the project area (m2)
Total land loss
Value of lost land (Rs.)
Total Land owned
% of land loss
Remarks
Khet Bari Pakho/Parti/Ghar Bari#
Forest Others Ropani and ha.
Ropani and ha.
Name/family size
Total
S.N. Gaupalika Project Component*
Loss of Land in the project area (Ropani/ ha.)
Remarks
Khet Bari Pakho/Parti Ghar Bari Others Gaupalika 1 Gaupalika 2
Total Total land available in all Gaupalika % of lost land in all Gaupalika Value of Lost Land (Rs.)
2
2(A)-Loss of Cereal Crops Production of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: * Use separate row for each project component for the family as required# Give values as –Mt/%## Use additional columns as required for other cereal crops
2(B)-Loss of Cash Crops Production of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: * Use separate row for each project component for the family as required# Give values as –Mt/%## Use additional columns as required for other cereal crops
S.N.
Owner's Name and Family size
aupalika/ Ward No.
Project Component*
Loss of Cereal Crops due to land Acquisition
(Mt)
Total Cereal Crops Production of the family/Percentage of
loss (Mt)/%#
Remarks
Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Others## Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Others##
Name/family size
1. Total
S.N. Owner's Name and Family size
Gaupalika// Ward No.
Project Component*
Loss of Cash Crops due to land Acquisition
(Mt)
Total Cash Crops Production of the
family/Percentage of loss (Mt)/%#
Remarks
Potato Vegetables Others## Potato Vegetables Others ##
Name/family size
1. Total
3
2(C)-Value of Total Loss of Agricultural Production Due to Land Acquisition
Crops Total Area (ha.)
Yield (Mt/ha.)
Production (Mt)
Local Market Value (Rs./Mt)
Amount (Rs.)
Remarks
Cereal Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet ………. ……….. Total–1 Cash Crops Potato Vegetables ………… ………… Total–2 Grand Total
3(A)-Loss of Houses and other properties of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: * Mention –Number of houses lost (houses owned) –i.e.2 lost(3 owned)
# Use separate row for each project component for the family as required
3(B)-Value of Lost of Houses and other properties of Project Affected Families and Households
Note: * Mention –Number of houses lost /Value of lost houses (Rs.)** Mention–Number of trees lost/Value of lost trees (Rs.).
# Use separate row for each project component for the family as required
S.N. Owner's Name and Family size
Gaup
No.
Project Component#
Loss houses Loss of trees Remarks Res. House*
Cow shed*
Others Fruit (no.)
Fodder (no.)
Other (no.)
Name/family size
Total
S.N. Owner's Name and Family size
Gaupalika/ Ward No.
Project Component#
Value of Lost houses Value of Lost of trees Remarks Res. House*
Cow shed*
Others Fruit (no.)**
Fodder (no.)**
Other (no.)**
Name/family size
Total
palika/Ward
Power and Energy Production
S. No.
Month Avg. Monthly discharge in the river
at intake (m3/s)
Total d/s Release including env. Flow and others(m3/s) #
Diversion for power
(m3/s)
Production
Power MW
Energy GWh
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 April
5 May
6 June
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December
13 Ann. Avg.
Note: # - Total release includes - Environmental release, and requirement
for Irrigation, Water mills, and others.
Environmental Release and Water Balance
S. No.
Month Avg. Monthly discharge
in the river at intake (m3/s)
Downstream
Environmental
release (m3/s)
Additional d/s Release (m3/s)
Diversion for
power
Total Dischar
ge (m3/s)
Production
Power MW
Irrigation
Water
Mills
Others
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 April
5 May
6 June
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December
13 Ann. Avg.
A. Forest and Vegetation
1. Forest Classification by types (by association, Format I – A1)2. Forest Area (By Management Categorisation as per Forest Act and Forest
regulation): The areas shall be delineated according to following classificationa. Details of Forest by Management
i. Community Forest (Format I –A2)ii. Religious Forest (Format I – A3)
b. Private Forest (Format I – A4)
(Management status and forest management groups (if any) and importance of these forests shall be discussed. In case of community forest Estimation of the boundary of the community forest area from the field survey and available records, constituted member, purpose of usage of community forest on application etc Activity area, Item of forest products, Frequency of gathering forest products will also be discussed. The opinion of the key stakeholders of forest management will be gathered and presented.)
3. Wild Forest Vegetation Biodiversity observed: List of tree, shrub, herb, ,pteridophytes, brtophytes, lichens and fungi found within the influence area of theproject will be prepared. (Format I – A5)
4. Agro-vegetation Diversity Observed (Format A6)5. Ehnobotanical Use: The above vegetation species will also be tabulated according to
local ethno-botanical uses (such as timber, fodder, NTFP, ornamental, medicinal,food value etc.). (Forma I A7)
6. Conservation significance: The species found shall also be categorised accordingIUCN/ CITES APPENDIX. and Government of Nepal Protection category, as rare,endangered, endemic, vulnerable, etc. (Format I – A5 and A6)
7. Biomass and wood Stock: The vegetation lying within the directly affected area(areas required for construction and placement of spoils or other infrastructurefacilities), particularly tree species shall be inventoried for trees above 10 cm DBHfor biomass and wood stock as per Forest Regulation norms or any other internationalnorms (Format I – A8, A9 and A10)
8. Status of vegetation: In the affected areas, frequency of occurrence, importance valueindex, and density per ha shall be calculated. Besides vertical stratification of foresti.e upper story, middle story, lower story along with status of trees, pole, saplings,seedlings, shrubs, herbs, pteridophytes, brtophytes, lichens and fungi shall bedescribed. (Format I – A11, A12, A13)
Format I - A1 Forest Classification by Forest Act –Affected by the Project
Name of Forest Dominant tree
species Associated tree species
Associated shrub/herbs
Ecological Status
National Forest (by management types) G CF LF RF PF
Note: G = Government, CF = Community Forest, LF = Leasehold Fores, R = Religious Forest PF = Private forest (Document only those registered under Government)
Format I –A2, Community Forest
Forest Name Gaupalika
Ward No
Area (ha)
Total involved
HH
Total Beneficiary
Nos
Year established
Jana Jati HH
Main Forest products used
Format I –A3, Religious Forest
Forest Name Gaupalika Ward No
Area (ha)
Total involved HH
for protection
Religious purpose
Year established
Main Forest products used
Format I –A4, Private Forest
Forest Name Gaupalika Ward No Area (ha) Year established Name of Owner Main Forest products used
Format I – A5 Wild Vegetation Observed – Tree, Shrubs, Herbs, Pteridophytes, Bryophytes, Lichens and Fungi- Project Area
SN Botanical Name Local Name Observed site Vegetation
Type (T, S, H, P, B, F etc.)
Occurrence Status
Conservation Status
C S R GON IUCN CITES
Note: Vegetation Type, T= Tree, S= Shrub, H=Herb, P=Petridophyte, B =Brayophyte, F = Fungi
Format I – A6
Agro -vegetation Diversity Observed – Fodder, Fruits, cereals, legumes, vegetable and ornamental - Project Area
SN Botanical Name Local Name Observed Site Vegetation Type (F, FR, C, L, V, O
Occurrence Status
Conservation Status
C S R GON IUCN CITES
Note: F = Fodder, FR = Fruit, C = Cereal, L = Legume, V = Vegetatble, O = Ornamental
Format I – A7 Ethno-botanical Uses of the Vegetation – Project Affected Area
S.N Scientific Name Local name Use Type Used Parts Mode of Use Use value
Note : Use abbreviation for use Types: E – edible, M- medicine, F – fodder, FW – Firewood, T – Timber, I – implement , Fi – fiber, Fe – fence, P – poison, W – wine making etc.
Format I – A8 Tree Sps./diversity & Wood Volume Estimation (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 25m/25m - Project Area
Plot No: Location: Date:
Local Name Botanical Name
No of trees (25x25 m2
plot)
CBH (cm)
Height m
DBH (cm)
Basal Area (m2)
Volume m3
Total tree volume m3
Pole size trees
Total sapling
Total seedling
Note : Volume only for CBH 10cm and above, Others enumerate name and number under sapling and seedlings
Format I – A9 Shrub diversity (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 5m/5m - Project Area
Plot No: Location : Date:
Local Name Botanical Name No of trees (5x5 m2 plot) Remarks
Format I – A10 Herb diversity (Sampling Plots) Sample Plot 1m/1m - Project Area
Plot No: Date:
Local Name Botanical Name No of trees (1x1 m2 plot) Remarks
Format I – A11 Status of Tree Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas
S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Density/ha Frequency % Abundance Relative
Density Relative Frequency
Relative Dominance
Importance Value Index
Format I – A12 Status of Shrub Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas
S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Density/ha Frequency % Abundance Relative
Density Relative
Frequency Relative
Dominance
Importance Value Index
Format I – A13 Status of Herb Vegetation in the Project Affected Areas
S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Density/ha Frequency % Abundance Relative
Density Relative Frequency
Relative Dominance
Importance Value Index
Checklists for Wildlife Format II – A1
Mammals of the Project Area
S N Common Names Scientific Names
Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory
Status/ season Observed Location
Reported location
Common
Sparse
Rare F B O A M/R/
V S
Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season
Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES
Format II – A2 Herpetofauna of the Project Area
S.N. Common Names Scientific Names Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory
Status/ season Observed Location
Reported location
Common
Sparse Rare F B O A M/R/
V S
Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season
Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES
Format II – A3 Birds of the Project Area
S N Common Names Scientific Names
Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory
Status/ season Observed Location
Reported location
Common
Sparse
Rare F B O A M/R/
V S
Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season
Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES
Format II – A4 Butterflies of the Project Area
S N Common Names Scientific Names
Status of occurrence Habitat Migratory
Status/ season Observed Location
Reported location
Common
Sparse
Rare F B O A M/R/
V S
Note: Habitats = F- forest, B – Bush, O- Open grass land, A – Agricultural land Migratory status and season = M – Migratory, R = Resident, V = Visitor occasionally, S – migration season Provide small write up of the key species of the area in the report separately. Also present the conservation status of species as per GON. IUCN, CITES
Attendance sheet for the Wildlife Focus Group Discussions
Name of Gaupalika Location: Date:
Name Male/Female Age Signature
Page 1 of 5
1. Forest loss at different Project ComponentsS.N. PROJECT
COMPONENT*
TYPE OF FOREST (as per forest Act)
FOREST AREA
(ha.)
LOSS OF VEGETATION CROWN COVER
(%)
BASAL AREA
(%)
VEGETATION TYPE
Seedling per ha.
Saplings per ha.
No. of trees >10 cm DBH
1 Headworks Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
2 Water Conveyance: Tunnel/Canal /penstock
Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
3 Power House Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
Access Road/ ROW
Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
5 Substation/ Switchyard
Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
6 Burrow Area/Aggregate Crushing Plant
Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
Page 2 of 5
2. Total loss in terms of plant speciesBOTANICAL NAME
LOCAL NAME
AVG. DBH/ RANGE*
(for >= 10 cm DBH)
LOSS OF VEGETATION** STANDING WOOD VOLUME
BIOMASS FOR STANDING
TREE (kG.)
(Wet) (Dry)
BIOMASS USAGES***
LOSS OF REGENERATION
LOSS OF TREE (number)
Seedlings per ha.
Saplings per ha.
Pole class
Tree class
Timber (cft.)
Fuel wood (chatta)
1. 2. … Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum
Note: * Avg. DBH and Range of DBH to be given for Pole and Tree Class** Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH; Pole Class_10-30 cm DBH; Tree Class_>30 cm DBH *** Possible usages are – fire wood, fodder, etc.
3. Total Forest LossTYPE OF FOREST
AREA
(ha.)
LOSS OF VEGETATION CROWN COVER
(%)
STANDING WOOD VOLUME
Timber Fuel wood ( cft.) (chatta)
BIOMASS FOR STANDING TREE AND GROUND
VEGETATION (kG.)
(Wet) (Dry)
BIOMASS USAGES
*
LOSS OF REGENERATION
LOSS OF TREE
(number)
7 Batching Plant/Aggregate Crushing Plant
Gvt. managed Community Leasehold Religious Private
Page 3 of 5
Seedlings per ha.
Saplings per ha.
Pole class
Tree class
1. Govt.2.Community 8.87 3. Religious4. Leasehold5. Private.Total Note:
- Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH; Pole Class_10-30 cm DBH; Tree Class_>30 cm DBH-* Possible usages are – fire wood, fodder, etc.
4. Loss of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP)COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES (NTFP)
Government Managed
Seedlings Saplings per ha. per ha. (no./ha.) (no./ha.)
Community Managed
Seedlings Saplings per ha. per ha. (no./ha.) (no./ha.)
Religious
Seedlings Saplings per ha. per ha. (no./ha.) (no./ha.)
Leasehold
Seedlings Saplings per ha. per ha. (no./ha.) (no./ha.)
1. 2. ... Note:
- Seedling_0-4 cm DBH; Sapling_4-10 cm DBH;- Use Govt. approved methodologies, if available. If not, other methodologies can be used.
Page 4 of 5
5. Land Requirement LAND TYPE LAND REQUIREEMNT (ha.)
Temporary Permanent Total
PROJECT COMPONENT
1 Agricultural. 2. National forest 3. Community forest 4. Leasehold forest 5. Religious forest 6. Private forest
Total Sum Sum Sum [TL Row, Water Conveyance (specify the conveyance system) , Power House, Settling Basin, Campsite, Spoil deposit, Road, Reservoir, etc.]
Note: - Despite this table is developed for accounting loss of forest area, please do fill up the land requirement for "Agriculture Land" and "Private Forest"
6. Valuation of Forest Product Loss 6.1. Valuation in terms of plant species BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL
NAME VLAUE OF TIMBER LOSS
Pole Class Tree Class
Nrs.
VLAUE OF FUEL WOOD
LOSS Nrs.
VLAUE OF FODDER
LOSS
Nrs
TOTAL
1. Sum 2. Sum … Sum Total Sum Sum Sum Sum SUM Note: Values shall be calculated at prevailing market rate.
Page 5 of 5
6.2 Total annual income foregone from the loss of Non -Timber Forest Product (NTFP) COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES (other than trees) NTFP
Government Managed (NRs.)
Community Managed
(NRs.)
Religious
(NRs.)
Leasehold
(NRs.)
Total of all types of forests
(NRs.)
NPV* of income foregone (NRs.)
1. 2. ...
Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum * NPV should be based on 35 years of economic life at prevailing Nepal Rastra Bank's discount rate. Analysis should be based on the existing annual income from the products.
6.3 Value of Total Forest Loss TYPE OF FOREST NPV OF INCOME
FOREGONE FROM NTFP*
VLAUE OF TIMBER LOSS**
VLAUE OF FUEL WOOD LOSS**
Nrs.
VLAUE OF FODDER LOSS**
Nrs Pole Class Nrs.
Tree Class Nrs
1. Govt. 2.Community 3. Religious 4. Leasehold 5. Private.
Total Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Note:
*- Value form table-6.2 **- Value form table-6.1.
A.Consultative Meeting in affected Gaupalikas
Focus Group Discussion, Rapid Rural Appraisal or Participatory Rural Appraisal method shall be applied to gather the community concern regarding the development of the Project
Process: 1. The Study team will present the development of the project focussing on:
a. Location of the project to the communities
b. Explain the subsidiary facilities required for the construction of the road
c. Explain how the local people will be affected during construction and in operationperiod
§ Land and property acquisition of permanent project occupied areas§ Obstruction of irrigation canals, foot trails, suspension bridge etc.
during construction§ Construction related risks§ Vehicular movement and related risks§ Job and employment opportunities§ Influx of outside people and social and cultural risks§ Improvement of access and related benefits to education, health, and
economy.
2. Discussions on the proposal with the locals – Question and Answer
3. Seek following information from the locals
About Project: a. Willingness to cooperate in the land acquisition process and willingness to give
land and property for the for projectb. Willingness to give land on compensation for permanent area occupiedc. Envisaged mode of compensation for the land and property
§ Cash compensation§ Land to land§ Some other methods (if any)
d. Approximate current value of land in the Gaupalika in the project sitese. Availability of labour for construction from the Gaupalika approximate number
of labour force available for such worksf. What type of arrangement needed for obstructed infrastructures during
constructiong. Willingness to give land for temporary useh. Mode of compensation to the temporarily occupied land and conditions
About People i. Demographic Feature of the project area along with male and female population
j. The major ethnic groups in the close proximity of the project sites and theirdemography along with male and female population
k. Relationship between the ethnic groupsl. Any cultural difference between the ethnic groupsm. Economic status of people ( In general, by ethnicity)n. Major Health problems of the area (Frequently observed disease, among child,
old, young, women )o. Education status of people ( In general, by ethnicity)p. Health status of people (In general and by ethnicity)q. Occupational status of people ( in general, by ethnicity)r. Any in migration and out migration in the last five years and reasons for
migration
About Agriculture s. What is the current season wise intercropping practice in the areat. What is the production per unit of the land for each cropsu. What are the fertilisers used currently by the farmers and what is the approximate
quantity of use in a year by an average farmer householdv. Do you use pesticide? Name the types of pesticide used and quantity used by a
farmer household.w. Food security and food sufficiency (is the local production sufficient to feed area
people, if not sufficient the mode of coping)x. What potential exists for vegetable and horticulture or other agro-based economic
opportunity
About Community User group:
y. Community Forest within project affected area§ Name§ Area Gaupalikas wards
§ No of Male Households§ No of User Households Gaupallika wise break
§ No of Female Households § Year of establishment:
z. Community Forest outside Project area (details same as above)
aa. Any other community User groups (Details same as community forests
About Infrastructures bb. Any infrastructure (foot trail, suspension bridge, existing water supply line,
water springs, irrigation they think will be affected by the project
About culture and historical places
cc. Name the temples in the Gaupalika and what is their religious significancedd. Is any of the temple lies close to the project sitesee. What are key festivals of the Gaupalika people and the observation day of festival
(how many people visit the site) ff. Is there a site of historical and touristic significance in the area
About development
gg. Name the primary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers number hh. Name the Middle schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers number ii. Name the Secondary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers numberjj. Name the higher secondary schools in the Gaupalika – students and teachers numberkk. Name the health posts in the Gaupalika – number of health workersll. Telephone numbers in the Gaupalikamm. Name the post office in the Gaupalikann. Name the industries in the Gaupalika – number of workersoo. Water supply system and coverage ( mode of water fetching for household use)pp. Energy Use and types of energy use
§ for cooking (average consumption per household)§ for lighting (average consumption per household)
Tourism ? Market Development Opportunities:
qq. Tourism development opportunities (reasons)
rr. Market development Opportunities (reasons)
Market Price:
Rice/kg (produce of) Wheat/kg (produce of) Maize/kg (produce of) Barly/kg (produce of) Buck wheat/kg (produce of) Other grains/kg (produce of)
Meat mutton /kg Chicken.kg Pork/kg Fish/kg
Milk/lt Sugar/kg Tea/Cup Others
About Development Needs ss. What are the first five development needs of the Gaupalika tt. What is expected by the people from the project (at the minimum)
About Gender
uu. Educational status of women compared to man counterpart and reason vv. Social status of women
§ in household decision making§ in household works§ in land and property§ livestock§ in social organisation
ww. How the status of women could be upgraded
Attendance sheet for the Focus Group Discussions
Name of Gaupalika : Location: Date:
SN Name Male/Female Age Signature
1. Position Title and No: EIA Expert (Nepali)
2. Name of Firm: Nepal Environment and Development Consultant P.Ltd.
3. Name of expert: Narayan Prasad Khanal
4. Date of Birth: 30/01/1981
5. Citizenship Nepali
6. Education:
Names of Educational Institutions Date Degree (s) / Diploma(s) Obtained
Tribhuvan University, Nepal. 2005 M.Sc. Environmental Science
Tribhuvan University, Nepal. 2003 B.Sc. Environmental Science
7. Membership in Professional Associations:
Member, Nepal Environmentalist Association
Member, Global Mountain Forum, ICIMOD
Member, Environmental Graduates of Himalayas (EGH)
8. Other Trainings:
Intensive Training on GIS and Remote Sensing Application training conducted by School of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (SchEMS) and Central Depart of Geography, Tribhuvan University Nepal,2006.
Intensive Trainings on EIA, IEE, TOR, and Scoping of different Projects.
9. Countries of Work Experience:
Nepal
10. Languages:
Language Speaking Reading Writing
Nepali Mother Tongue
English Good Good Good
Hindi Fair Fair Fair
11. Employment Record:
From: 2015 to 2017 Employer: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Positions held: Team Leader From: 2014 to 2015 Employer: Material Test Pvt. Ltd. Positions held: Team Leader/Environmentalist From: 2013 to 2015 Employer: Huwaning Development Pvt. Ltd. Positions held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist From: 2011 to 2013 Employer: Myagdi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd Positions held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist From: 2007 to 2011 Employer: District Development Committee Office, Pokhara Positions held: Environmentalist (Team Member)
12. Detailed Tasks Assigned:
13. Work Undertaken that best illustrates capability to handle the tasks assigned:
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Name of Assignment or Project: Arun-3 HPP-Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan of 400 kV DC Transmission Line Project Year: March 2017 to till date Position Held: Team Leader Client: SJVN Arun-3 Hydropower Development Company Main Project Features: 210 km 400 kV Transmission Line Location: Sankhuwasabha,Bhojpur, Khotang, Udayapur, Siraha, Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal Activities performed: Responsible for Carry out detailed survey of rerouted part of the Transmission Line, Field reconnaissance survey, Cadastral map verification and Preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan for 210 km of Transmission Line and preparation of Report.
Name of Assignment or Project: SASEC Power System Expansion Project Year: Feb 2017 to till date Position Held: Environmental Safeguard Specialist Client: Nepal Electricity Authority Main Project Features: Approx. 300km 220 kV Transmission Line and associated 220/132 kV Substations. Location: Different locations of Nepal Activities performed: Responsible for Carry out review of secondary information on environmental and economic status of the population and communities that are likely to be affected by the project and may require resettlement and rehabilitation. Involved in frequent site visits for Environmental public consultation. Identify methods of field investigations, field checklists, structured and semi structured questionnaires etc. for environmental monitoring. Review Environmental Action Plans and Framework, policy, screening and planning procedure. Verify requirements of ADB’s Environmental policy. Prepare the guideline, Monthly, quarterly, Semiannual Progress reports with social and environmental issues and suggest for suitable solutions.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of 33 kV D/C Transmission Line for Construction Power for Arun 3 Hydropower Project 900 MW Year: January 2017 to August 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: (Nepal – India Boarder) Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd. Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed:
Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on Cadastral Map of 50 km Transmission Line and preparation of report and presentation, approval.
Project: Supplementary Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) of Singati Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.4 MW to 16 MW and to 25 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: January 2013 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Location: Dolakha Client: Singati Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Description of duties:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoPE Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.
Project: IEE Study of 10 km 132 kV Solu Khola Dudhkoshi hydroelectric Project (86 MW) , Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW. Year: January 2015 to March 2017 Position Held: Team Leader /Environmentalist Location: Solukhumbu district Client: Sahas Urja Limited Main project feature: Transmission Line Project
Activities performed::
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from Ministry of Energy.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination (IEE) of Bharatpokhari Drinking Water Supply Project Year: January 2017 to October 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Client: Richet : Department of Water Supply and Swerage, GON Location: Kaski Main project features: Drinking Water Supply Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report and approval from Ministry.
Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination (IEE) of Richet Khola Hydroelectric Project (4.98 MW), IEE study of 24 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project for Richet Khola Hydropower Project and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal Year: January 2015 to August 2017 Position Held: Team Leader Client: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Location: Gorkha Main project features: 4.98 MW of Hydroelectric Project and Transmission Line Project for Power Evacuation. Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report and approval from Ministry of Energy. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of proposed 400 kV D/C Cross boarder Transmission Line project for Arun-3 Project Year: August 2011 to August 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: (Nepal – India Boarder) Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd. Min project features: 400 kV Transmission Line Activities performed: Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of DC cross border TL project
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Sankhuwasabha – Dhalkebar - Bathanaha (India, Nepal Border).
Project: EIA Study of 52 MW Upper Lapche Khola Hydropower Project, EIA study of 36 km 132 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. Year: March 2013 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Dolakha Client: Energy Venture Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 52 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: IEE Study of 132 kV Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) , IEE Study of 66 kV Transmission Line Project of Bagmati Hydropower Project, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW. Year: January 2014 to March 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Sindhupalchowk, Makwanpur Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd, Mandu Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Shivashree Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Main project feature: Transmission Line Project of different Voltage
Activities performed::
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA Study of 97.5 MW and Supplementary EIA Study of Rasuwa Bhotekoshi Hydropower Project,(97.5 to 120 MW ) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. IEE Study 3.5 km 220 kV Transmission Line Project of Rasuwa Bhotekoshi Hydropower Project 120 MW. Year: March 2015 to November 2017 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Rasuwa Client: Langtang Bhotekoshi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 120 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.6 MW) Year: January 2014 to July 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Client: Citizen Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. Main project features: 6.6 MW Hydropower Activities performed: Responsible for preparation of scoping and Terms of Reference along with EIA Study of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project.
Project: IEE Study of Upper Piluwa 2 Hydropower Project 4.72 MW, and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land. Year: January 2014 to June 2016 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: Sankhuwasabha Client: Menchyam Hydropower Pvt.Ltd. Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, Preparation of report. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.
Project: Supplementary IEE of Naugarh Hydropower Project 8.5 MW and IEE Study of Upper Naugarh Gad Hydroelectric Project.(8 MW) Year: January 2015 to June 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/Environmentalist Location: Darchula Client: Api Power Company Limited Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, Preparation of report.
Project: Supplementary EIA study of 10 MW to 13 MW Generation Project and EIA Study of 26 km 33 kV D/C Transmission Line Project. Year: February 2014 to April 2015 Position Held: Team leader / Environmentalist Client: Sikless Hydropower Pvt. Ltd Location: Kaski Main project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed: Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and EIA approval from MoSTE.
Project: EIA Study of Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: January 2013 to March 2016 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Sindhupalchowk Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd Main project feature: 36 MW Hydropower
Activities performed::
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE. Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA study of Suri Khola Hydropower Project (7MW) and Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. EIA Study of 6.9 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of Government
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: December 2013 to September 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Dolakha Client: Suri Khola Hydropower Company Main project feature: 7 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project 10 MW, Supplementary EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project from 10 MW to 20 MW, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal Year: December 2013 to September 2015 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Rasuwa Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt.Ltd. Main project feature: 20 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA Study of Seti Lok Marga (Kailali - Sanfe Bagar 125 km road) Year: March 2013 to February 2014 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Kailali, Doti and Achham Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt. Ltd. Main project feature: 125 km Road Project Activities performed: Responsible for preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoSTE, GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing etc.
Project: EIA Study of Ghar Khola Hydroelectric Project (8.3 MW), Supplementary EIA study of Ghar Khola Hydropower Project from 8.3 MW to 14 MW, Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: February 2011 to June 2016 Position Held: Team Leader/ Environmentalist Location: Myagdi Client: Myagdi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd. Main project feature: 14 MW Hydropower
Activities performed::
Responsible for preparation of Scoping and TOR document, Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation letter, and finally getting approval from the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.
Project: Different Year 2005 to 2016 : Environmentalist and Team Leader for many more than 25 bridges, 12
ffiAssignmentsthatBestlllustratesCapabilitytoHandletheDetailed Task Assigned
on Consultant's Team of
Experts:
ffientalistiElpJlEEExpert,PreparationofScoping,ToR,lEE,ElA,EMP, etc, data collection, ttti'?i* ot p'orit ht1ll19:::l::*::f recommendation letter'
and finally getting approval from concerned government authorities'
Project: DifferentYear 2005 lo 2017
worked as Key Resource Person/Trainer to different proiect during construction period of
Roads, Hydropower uno ionrrirsion Line Project for'ooirr implementing officers and local
stakeholders/beneficiary gr0ups'
15. Certification:
l,theundersigned,certifytothebestof myknowledgeandbelief,thisCVcorrecf/ydescrlbes me,myqualifications,andmy
experience.I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged'
l, the undersigned, hereby declare that l agree to participate with the NED. P.Ltd. in the above mentioned request for
i.p.tril tuther declare that I am able and willing to work: -
1. For the period (s) foreseen in the specifiJTerms of neference attached to the above referenced Request for
Proposal for the position for which my cV has been included in the offer of the consultant and
2, Wtnin tn. implementation period of the specific contract
Sionature of Key Professional Personnel:
Ptione Number: +977-9851 00601 3
rf this form has NOT been signed by the Key professionar personner, then in signing berow the authorized
ilpi.t.ri.tit. of the Consuliant is making the following declaration'
,,rn due consideration of my signing herewith b.b*] i'il-K;t piotes.ionrt personnet has NOT signed this cV
then I decrare that the tactl co'ntained therein are, to'tre oesiot my knowredoe and berief, a true and fair
statement AND THAT r confirm that r have .ppror.n.oin. ,rio x.v professlonar personner and obtained his
assurance that he *irr ,nuini.in ni, .r.il.oirity'fo, d;;;;;ment iitne contract is agreed within the proposal
validity period provided for in the RFP'"
Signature of Authorized Representative of the Consultant:
Day/ month/ Year:
1
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information
Name : Udisha Danekhu
Education : M. Sc. Environmental Science (Specialized in Mountain resource)
Father's Name : Mr. Purna Bahadur Danekhu
Address : Dekocha-4, Bhaktapur
Date of Birth : 1988-05-07
Contact No. : 977-01-6617462 Mobile No.: 977-9841790080
Email : [email protected]
Nationality : Nepali
Gender : Female
Marital Status: Single
Academic Background
2010-14 : M.Sc. in Environmental Science, Goldengate International College (TU), Battisputali,
Kathmandu
2006-09 : B.Sc. in Environmental Science, Khwopa College (TU), Dekocha, Bhaktapur
2004-06 : +2 in Science, Khwopa Higher Secondary School (HSEB), Dekocha, Bhaktapur
2004 : SLC, Prabhat English Secondary Boarding School, Byasi, Bhaktapur
Detailed Tasks Assigned
Take overall responsibility of assignment and make smooth coordinate with the Team leader
Review of the existing reports, standards, specifications, previous studies if carried out for the
proposed road alignment, etc
To prepare forest maps, collection and systematic storage of the aerial photographs.
To assist on field report writing.
Training and Workshop
1. Basic window package computer course from April to July in 2004.
2. Volunteer on ‘Thesis Presentation and Prize Distribution of District Level Interschool Essay
Competition organized by Environmental Desk to Elate the Nature (EDEN) in 5th June 2008.
3. One day workshop on Environmental Problems, Effects, Control and Mitigation Measures in
Bhaktapur Municipality and Stakeholder Analysis organized by Eco-Club, B. Sc. Environmental
Science, Khwopa College (affiliated to Tribhuwan University) on June 5, 2009.
4. Five days ‘Active Citizens Training’ in Bhaktapur jointly organized by British Council and
Association of Youths Organizations Nepal (AYON).
2
5. Training on End note by Golden Gate International College.
6. Basic Geographic Information System (GIS) training by Golden Gate International College.
7. Training in EIA by Golden Gate International College.
8. Training on R-software by Golden Gate International College.
9. Training on Environmental Management System (EMS) jointly organized by Government of
Nepal, Ministry of Industry, Technology Division, Singha Durbar and Department of
Environmental Science, Golden Gate International College (affiliated to Tribhuwan University)
from May 24 to 25, 2011.
10. Three day workshop in 'Youth for Smart Solutions' A Conference on Climate Change organized by
Nepal Prakriti Pathsala on 26-28 March 2014.
Awards
1. Topper in B. Sc. 3rd Year.
2. Dr. Harka Gurung - New ERA Fellowship Award 2013.
3. University Grant Commission- Master's Thesis Support- 2013.
Experiences
1. Worked in NSET in Detail Damage Assessment (DDA) and Building Damage Assessment (BDA)
as GIS Mapper since June 2015 to February 2016.
2. Worked as Solid Waste Management Officer/ Volunteer in Suryabinayak Municipality from March
16, 2016 to July 15, 2016.
3. Part Time Lecturer in Goldengate International College since March, 2016.
4. Working in Nepal Environment Development Consultant since 2017.
Language
Language and Proficiency Speaking Reading Writing
Newari Mother Tongue
Nepali Excellent Excellent Excellent
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Hindi Good Good Good
3
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: EIA of Makari Gad Hydroelectric Project 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission
Line Project
Year: 2019 to till date
Client: Makari Gad Hydropower P. Ltd.
Location: Darchula District
Description of Duties: EIA report preparation of the project in association with Makari
Gad Hydropower P. Ltd.
Project: EIA of Super Tamor Hydroelectric Project, 166 MW
Year: 2018 to till date
Client: Crystal Power Development P. Ltd.
Location: Taplejung District
Description of Duties: Report preparation for the EIA report of the project in association
with Crystal Power Development P. Ltd.
Project: IEE of 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project of Taksar Pikhuwa
Khola Hydroelectric Project
Year: 2018 to till date
Client: Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.
Location: Bhojpur District
Description of Duties: Report preparation for the IEE report of the project in association
with Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.
Project: IEE of 132 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project for Singati Khola
Hydropower Project (25 MW)
Year: 2019 to till date
Client: Singati Hydro Energy P. Ltd.
Location: Dolakha District
Description of Duties: Preparation for the IEE report of the project in association with
Singati Hydro Energy P. Ltd.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of 33 kV D/C
Transmission Line for Construction Power for Arun 3 Hydropower
Project 900 MW
Year: January 2017 to August 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: (Nepal – India Boarder)
Client: ERMC Pvt. Ltd.
Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line Activities performed:
Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on
Cadastral Map of 50 km Transmission Line and preparation of report and
presentation, approval.
4
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Name of Assignment or Project: Arun-3 HPP-Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Plan of 400 kV DC Transmission Line Project Year: March 2017 to till date
Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: SJVN Arun-3 Hydropower Development Company
Main Project Features: 210 km 400 kV Transmission Line Location: Sankhuwasabha,Bhojpur, Khotang, Udayapur, Siraha, Dhanusha and
Mahottari districts of Nepal
Activities performed: Report writing
Responsible for Carry out detailed survey of rerouted part of the Transmission
Line, Field reconnaissance survey, Cadastral map verification and
Preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan for 210 km of
Transmission Line and preparation of Report.
Name of Assignment or Project: Supplementary Environmental Impact
Assessment (SEIA) of Singati Khola Hydroelectric Project (6.4 MW to 16 MW
and to 25 MW) and Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree
Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal. Year: 2017
Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: Dolakha
Client: Singati Hydro Energy Pvt. Ltd
Description of duties: Report writing
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoPE
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE Study of 10 km 132 kV Solu Khola
Dudhkoshi hydroelectric Project (86 MW), Acquisition of Government Land
and Tree Clearance Approval of 21 km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper
Chaku A Hydropower Project ,22.2 MW
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Solukhumbu district
Client: Sahas Urja Limited
Main project feature: Transmission Line Project Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from Ministry of
Energy.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
5
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Name of Assignment or Project: Initial Environmental Impact Examination
(IEE) of Richet Khola Hydroelectric Project (4.98 MW), IEE study of 24 km
33 kV Transmission Line Project for Richet Khola Hydropower Project and
Acquisition of Government Land Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval
from Government of Nepal
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Richet Jalvidhyut Pvt. Ltd Location: Gorkha
Main project features: 4.98 MW of Hydroelectric Project and Transmission Line
Project for Power Evacuation.
Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report
and approval from Ministry of Energy.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA Study of 52 MW Upper Lapche Khola Hydropower Project, EIA
study of 36 km 132 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition of
Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of Government Land
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: Dolakha
Client: Energy Venture Pvt. Ltd
Main project feature: 52 MW hydropower Activities performed:
Preparation of Scoping and TOR document, getting approval from MoPE,
GoN. Major task were collection of baseline data for the EIA, preparation of
draft report, conduction of public hearing, collection of recommendation
letter, and finally getting approval from the MoPE, Preparation of document
Project: IEE Study of 132 kV Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW)
, IEE Study of 66 kV Transmission Line Project of Bagmati Hydropower
Project, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval of 21
km 132 kV Transmission Line of Upper Chaku A Hydropower Project , 22.2
MW
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: Sindhupalchowk, Makwanpur
Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd, Mandu Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.
Shivashree Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.
Main project feature: Transmission Line Project of different Voltage
Activities performed::
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE.
6
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Garchyang Khola
Hydroelectric Project (6.6 MW) Year: 2017
Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Citizen Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. Main project features: 6.6 MW Hydropower
Activities performed:
Responsible for preparation of scoping and Terms of Reference along with
EIA Study of Garchyang Khola Hydroelectric Project.
Project: EIA Study of Upper Balephi A hydroelectric Project (36 MW) and
Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from
Government of Nepal
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: Sindhupalchowk
Client: Hu waning Development Pvt. Ltd
Main project feature: 36 MW Hydropower Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
conduction of public hearing, presentation and approval from MoSTE
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Project: EIA study of Suri Khola Hydropower Project (7MW) and Acquisition
of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of
Nepal. EIA Study of 6.9 km 33 kV Transmission Line Project and Acquisition
of Government Land and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of
Nepal
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Dolakha
Client: Suri Khola Hydropower Company
Main project feature: 7 MW hydropower Activities performed:
Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
7
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project 10 MW,
Supplementary EIA study of Langtang Khola Hydropower Project from 10
MW to 20 MW, Acquisition of Government Land and Tree Clearance
Approval from Government of Nepal
Year: 2017 Position Held: Environmentalist
Location: Rasuwa
Client: Multi Energy Development Pvt. Ltd.
Main project feature: 20 MW hydropower Activities performed: Preparation of Scoping, ToR and EIA Study Report, Field Survey, Public
consultation, report preparation and Approval from MoSTE.
Preparation of document required for applying for Government Land
Acquisition and Tree Clearance Approval from Government of Nepal
Name of Assignment or Project: Shree Arun Khola Multiple Campus
Year: 2075 Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Shree Arun Khola Multiple Campus
Main Project Features: Building Location: Madhyabindu Municipality, ward 11 of Nawalparasi district
Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Shree Janata Higher Secondary School
Year: 2075
Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Shree Janata Higher Secondary School
Main Project Features: Building
Location: Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Dhaulagiri Agriculture College
Year: 2075 Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Dhaulagiri Agriculture College
Main Project Features: Building
Location: Phalebas Municipality, ward 3 of Parvat district. Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Sagar Plaza
Year: 2075
Position Held: Environmentalist
8
Detailed Task
Assigned on
Consultant’s Team of
Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to
Handle the tasks Assigned.
Client: Sagar Plaza
Main Project Features: Building Location: ward 31 of Kathmandu Metropolitan of Kathmandu
Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Urban Development
Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Purbanchal Cancer Hospital
Year: 2076
Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Purbanchal Cancer Hospital Pvt.Ltd.
Main Project Features: Hospital
Location: Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report, conduction
of public hearing, preparation of report, presentation and approval from Ministry of Forests
and Environment.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Itahari Hospital
Year: 2076 Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Public Health Concern Trust ( phect-NEPAL)
Main Project Features: Hospital Location: Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
conduction of public hearing, preparation of report, presentation and approval from
Ministry of Health and Population.
Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Sedi Luxury Hotel Year: 2076
Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Barahi Sedi Pvt. Ltd Main Project Features: Hotel
Location: Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Hotel Eastern Nepal
Year: 2075
Position Held: Environmentalist Client: Hotel Eastern Nepal Pvt. Ltd.
Main Project Features: Building
Location: Activities performed:
Responsible for Field study, Baseline data collection, preparation of report,
presentation and approval from Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Hotel Holy Himalaya
Year: 2075 Position Held: Environmentalist
ffi/AssignmentsthatBestIllustratesCapabilitytoHandle the tasks Assigned'
Detailed TaskAssigned onConsultantts Team ofExperts:
Client: Hotel Holy Himalaya Pvt' Ltd'
Main Project Features: Hotel
Location: Activities Performed:
il"'p*;;i; ro, ii.iJ 'T,9{1
Bi'"':':,1.i'T^::::':iTa'iii1llrlion or report'
il:ffi1il;o.ro'*.'Name of Assignment or Project: EIA of Hotel Forest Inn
Year 2075Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: Hotel Forest Inn Pvt' Ltd'
Main Project Features: Hotel
Location: Activities Performed :
R."rp*;[i; for iield study, Bale]ine data collection' preparation
presentation and approvat';ori iliriistry of Culture' tourism and Civil aviation
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Baigundhura Solar Farm
Year:2075Position Held: Environmentalist
Client: East Solar Pvt' Ltd'
Main Project Features: Solar Project
Location: Activities Performed:"n"-'p""'iui" for iiei; 't".ltl u1t'::^.1"11,^::'::::',",h,'#5111lT,"lf "o"n'
Name of Assignment or Project: IEE of Bhrikuti Solar Power hoject
Year 207 5
Position Held: Environmentalist '1
Client: First Solar Developers Nepal (P) Ltd'
Main Project Features: Solar
Location: Activities performed: .on o1."n.'p
" "' iui" fo r p ie ld
",*{:.-.? 1?'J i-'" ".1"* ",::' ::*}",H: 1l?["' * .
;::ffi L'ffi o'"tp,"".' r*"i ffi ;, ;iil "t''Certification:
I, the undersigned, certifl'that to the best of my knowledge and beliel these data correctly describe
me, my qualifications, and my expenence'
ative of the FirmlDate:Day/Month/Year
Full name of staffmember: Udish4 Danpkhu
Fullname of authorizeo t.pt*ffiitn Prasad Khanal
9
Urusha Sinkhwal
Address: Gahiti , Bhaktapur, Nepal
Phone: 9843237918
Email: [email protected]
Date of Birth: Nov. 30, 1993
Objective
Looking to secure a position as Environmental Analyst that enables the use of exceptional
biological and chemical analysis skills and ability to develop effective systems to oversee a
particular environment and its inhabitants.
Education
July, 2010
SLC
Basu Higher Secondary School, Nepal Government
July, 2012
Science
Basu Higher Secondary School, Higher Secondary
School Board
January, 2016
Bachelor In Science
Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University
January, 2019
Master In Biodiversity & Environmental
Management
Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan University
Training/Certificates
Office Package (C.Net Computer Education )
Dendrochronology and its Application (Resources Himalaya Foundation (RHF) and
Tree Ring Society Nepal (TRSN) )
SPSS Training (Environment Graduates in Himalaya(EGH))
IEE/EIA (Nepal Environment and Development Consultant (NEDC) Pvt. ltd)
Participation
Urban Bird Counting in Kathmandu valley winter and monsoon 2017 by Bird Conservation
Nepal (BCN)
"Conservation of the Red Panda in Nepal: Predicting Red Panda Distribution, Habitat Use, and
Assessing People's Attitude Towards Conservation" 6 July 2018 by Resources Himalaya
Foundation
Moving with the time for our survival, 11 May 2018 by Resources Himalaya Foundation
Vermicomposting: A simple solution for organic waste management, 13 April 2018 by
Resources Himalaya Foundation
Environmental Assessment in Road Sector of Nepal, 09 March 2018 by Resources Himalaya
Foundation
Spatial ecology and movement behavior of Snow Leopards in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area,
Nepal, 1 September 2017 by Resources Himalaya Foundation
Skills
Microsoft assess (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), Basic R-Package, GIS with mapping using Arcmap
QGIS, ArcGIS, SPSS, Photography.
Interests
Keen interested in Conservation of biodiversity with Traditional approach.
Passion for finding images of nature, photography interested subject.
Visit and Exploration of nature of different places.
Work Experience
Teaching
2 year At Proxima International Academy, Apex
Boarding High School
Biodiversity Expert Working in Nepal Environment Development
Consultant in ToR/SD preparation, IEE and EIA
preparation since April , 2016.
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: EIA of Kalika Kaligandaki Hydroelectric Project, 38.16 MW
Year: 2018 to till date
Client: Maulakalika Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd.
Location: Tanahunn and Nawalparasi District
Description of Duties: EIA report preparation of the project in association with
Maulakalika Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd.
Project: IEE of Mathillo Siwa Khola Hydropower Project, 8.18 MW Year: 2018 to
till date
Client: Blav Energy Pvt. Ltd Pvt. Ltd
Location: Taplejung District
Description of Duties: Report preparation for the EIA report of the project in
association with Blav Energy Pvt. Ltd Pvt. Ltd
Project: IEE of 33 kV Single Circuit Transmission Line Project of Taksar Pikhuwa
Khola Hydroelectric Project
Year: 2017 to till date
Client: Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd. Location: Bhojpur District
Description of Duties: Report preparation for the IEE report of the project in
association with Taksar Pikhuwa Khola Hydropower P. Ltd.
Project: IEE of Mathillo Mewakhola-A Hydroelectric Project, 31.92 MW
Hydropower Project (25 MW)
Year: 2019 to till date
Client: Surya Holdings Private Limited Location: Dolakha District
Description of Duties: Preparation for the IEE report of the project in association
with Mathillo Mewakhola-A Hydroelectric Project, 31.92 MW Hydropower Project
(25 MW)
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Lodo Khola Small Hydropower
Project, 1.6 MW
Year: 2017 to 2020
Position Held: Biodiversity Expert Location: Lamjung
Client: Liberty Energy Company Ltd. Activities performed: Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study based on 1.6 MW
Hydropower Project and preparation of report and presentation, approval.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Siddhi Khola HPP- 33 kV
Transmission Line Project
Year: 2017 to 2020
Position Held: Biodiversity Expert
Location: Ilam
Client: Sidhhi Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd
Min project features: 33 kV Transmission Line
Activities performed:
Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) and preparation of report
and presentation, approval.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Lower Nyadi Hydroelectric
Project, 12.60MW
Year: 2017 to 2020
Position Held: Environmentalist Location: Lamjung
Client: Hub Power Pvt. Ltd
Min project features: Lower Nyadi Hydroelectric Project, 12.60MW
Activities performed:
Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study and preparation of
report and presentation, approval.
Detailed Task Assigned on Consultant’s Team of Experts:
Reference to Prior Work / Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the tasks Assigned.
Project: Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Trishuli River Bridge, Fishling
(145 m), Trishuli River Bridge, Mastard (140m) and Trishuli River Bridge, Jure
Bagaicha (140m)
Year: 2017 to August 2019
Position Held: Biodiversity Expert
Location: Trishuli River Bridge, Fishling (145 m)- gorkha and Chitwan district
Trishuli River Bridge, Mastard (140m), Trishuli River Bridge and Jure Bagaicha
(140m)- Dhading district
Client: TUNDI/LAMA/SAPANA JV
Responsible for Initial Environment Examination (IEE) of Study and preparation of
report and presentation, approval.
Reference
Bhaktapur Multiplc CamPus
Professot9843241899
Narayan Prasad khanal
Propri€torNepal Environment and Developmcnt Consultant
9851006013
I certify that to thc bcst of n1y knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes my-s€lf, and my
experiences. I undcrsigned that my willlul misstatelnents describe herein may lead to my
disqualification.
)P-
Page 1 of 6
CURRICULUM VITAE Position Title and No. Geologist
Name of Firm Nepal Environment and Development Consultant Name of Expert: Biraj Gautam
Date of Birth: 10/05/1979
Citizenship Nepali
Education:
Degree University/ College Date
M.Sc. in Engineering Geology (with
specialization in Engineering Geological
techniques, Geophysics, Engineering
Hydrology Remote Sensing and Geo-
informatics and hydrogeology)
Tribhuvan University,
Kathmandu 2003
B.Sc. in Geology
Tribhuvan University,
Kathmandu 2001
Employment Record Relevant to the assignment:
Period Employing organization and your
title/position. Contact information for
reference
Country Summary of activities performed
relevant to the assignment
Jan
2016-
Till date
Units Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. /Sr.
Engineering Geologist
Nepal Involved as Engineering
Geologistrelated to Engineering
Geology, Geotechnical of the Project
in the following projects carried by
firm:
Feasibility Study, Detail hydraulic
design and supervision of different
river/Hydropower Projects:
• Sani Bheri - 3 Hydropower
Project, 49 MW, Rukum
• Madi 0 Hydroelectric Project,
43 MW, Kaski
• DudhKhola Hydropower
Project, 30 MW, Manang
• Upper SoluHPP (18.0 MW),
• ThuloKhola HEP (21.3 MW),
• IrkhuwaKhola HPP (15.524
MW), Bhojpur
• Super Mai-A HEP (9.6 MW),
Ilam
• KhaniKhola HPP (30.0 MW),
Dolkha
Dec
2013-
Feedback Infrastructure Services Nepal/ Sr.
Engineering Geologist
Nepal Detailed design and Supervision of
Bagmati SHP (20 MW), DPR review
Page 2 of 6
Nov
2016
and Techno Commercial DD of
Daraudi HEP (5 MW). DPR
preparation of 10MW Lower Modi II
SHP, updated feasibility study of 120
MW RashuwaBhotekoshi
Hydropower Project, Feasibilty and
detailed design of 35 MW
AnkhuKhola HEP, 58 MW
TiplyangKaligandaki HEP and 53.5
MW Upper Myagdi I HEP as team
leader.
Oct
2012-
Oct
2013
AndhiKhola HP Project Upgrading (9.4
MW)/ Sr. Engineering Geologist
Nepal Construction supervision and
monitoring of underground power
house cavern and tail race tunnel
excavation, Responsible for
overseeing the progress of specific
job, 3d tunnel logging, Rock mass
classification and support designing
for tunnel alignment, design of
retaining structure of access road.
Quality control of overall project.
Aug
2011-
Nov
2013
Kabeli Energy Limited (Under BPC), Kathmandu/ Sr. Engineering Geologist Nepal
Involved as Senior Engineering
Geologist in Kabeli –A Hydroelectric
Project (38 MW)
Jan
2010-
July
2011
Welcome Energy Development Company
(WEDCO)/ Engineering Geologist Nepal
Involved as Senior Engineering
Geologist in Lower Balephi
Hydroelectric Project (20 MW) and
carried out Geological and
Engineering Geological Mapping of
Project area, Geotechnical
investigation of soil and rock,
Sampling and Construction material
surveying, Rock mass classification
and support designing for tunnel
alignment, Drilling planning,
supervision and monitoring,
Preparation of various reports and
documentation.
Feb
2007-
Dec
2009 Geo Consult Private Limited, Kathmandu Nepal/ Engineering Geologist/ Hydro Geologist Nepal
Engineering Geologist as Feasibility
study of Lower Khare HEP (10 MW)
Dolakha, Ritchu HEP (20 MW)
Northern Sikkim India, Bijayapur
HEP (5 MW) Kaski,
KhorungaKhola HEP (6 MW)
Terathum, Engineering geological
study of Irrigation Canal of Rapti
River Dang similarly Hydro geologist
as study of Environmental Impact
Assessment Of STW Sub Project On
Page 3 of 6
Tikapur Municipality In Kailali
District,Groundwater data acquisition
and GisDatabase preparation of Dang
and Deukhuri
Feb
2004-
Sep
2006 Silt and DHV/ Engineering Geologist Nepal
Engineering Geological Road survey
along the study of Shitalpati (Salyan
District)-Musikot (Rukum District)
road, Botechaur (Surkhet District)-
Tulsipur (Dang District) road,Lower
Dunngeshwor - Dailekh, (Dailekh
District) road,Mangalsen -Belkhet
road, Achham District
Membership in Professional Associations and Publications:
Life Member, Nepal Geological Society, Nepal. LM-557
Gautam Biraj., 2011, Wedge stability analysis and rock squeezing prediction of headrace tunnel, Lower
Balephi Hydroelectric Project, Sindhupalchock District, central Nepal, Journal of Nepal Geological
Society, 42:125-136.
Language Skills:
Speaking Reading Writing
Nepali Excellent Excellent Excellent
English Good Good Good
Hindi Good Good Fair
Adequacy for the Assignment:
Detailed Tasks Assigned on Consultant’s
Team of Experts: Engineering Geologist
As an Engineering Geologist of the project, the following responsibilities has been assigned:
Preparation of detail geological/engineering geological survey and mapping.
Geological survey, engineering geological mapping, geophysical & geotechnical
investigations including drilling, seismicity/seismic study;
Construction material study in the vicinity of the project area;
Discontinuity Survey, Rock Mass Classification, Data Evaluation for Reservoir, Data
Evaluation for Dam, Geophysical Investigation and all concerned works related to all
Geological task as prescribed in the TOR(TECH-6).
Assist TL for the report preparation and Presentation.
Reference to Prior Work/ Assignments that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the Assigned
Tasks
1. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study ofFeasibility Study ofSani Bheri- 3
Page 4 of 6
Hydropower Project 49.0 MW, (PROR type project). Year: April, 2018- July, 2019
Position Held: Engineering Geologist
Location: Rukum (East & West) District
Client: Sani Bheri Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal
Main Project Features: Feasibility Study of Hydropower Project
Activities Performed: Carried out following duties:
• Responsible for Planning of the design and coordination of the project.
• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sections
and aerialphotographs.
• Analyzing samples of deposits/bedrock, analyse data on erosion, drought, and other problems
and responsible for consulting geological maps
• Finalize Tunnel Layout, Adits planning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections,
Stress Analysis, and Support Design of typical underground structures.
• Conduct regional geological study covering project site including reservoir area & prepare
maps with plan and section in based on fieldobservation.
• Discontinuity Survey, Rock Mass Classification, Data Evaluation for Reservoir, Data
Evaluation for Dam, Geophysical Investigation and all concerned works related to all
Geological works.
• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the projectarea.
• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site
and prepare engineering geologicalmaps.
• Involved in geological / geotechnical investigation review/report for project report preparation.
2. Name of Assignment or Project: Updated Feasibility Study of RashuwaBhotekoshi Hydropower
Project 120 MW,
Year: Jan 2014-Jun 2014
Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: RasuwaDistrict
Client: Langtang BhotekoshiHydropower Company Private Limited
Main Project Features:Updated Feasibility Study of Hydropower Project
Activities Performed:
Carried out following duties:
• Collect and review of previous study, topographical, geological maps, geological sections and
aerialphotographs.
• Prepare maps with plan and section based on field observation in scale
• Conduct regional geological study covering project site including reservoir area & prepare
maps with plan and section in based on fieldobservation
• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site
and prepare engineering geologicalmaps.
• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the projectarea.
3. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of TiplyangKaligandaki HEP-58 MW,
Myagdi
Year: Jan 2015-Dec 2017
Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: MyagdiDistrict
Client: TiplyangKaligandaki Hydropower Pvt Ltd.
Main Project Features: Feasibility Study of Hydroelectric Project
Activities Performed:
Carried out following duties:
• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sections
and aerialphotographs.
• Analyzing samples of deposits/bedrock, analyses data on erosion, drought, and other problems
• Responsible for consulting geological maps and Involved in geological/ geotechnicalinvestigation review/report for designed project report preparation.
• Responsible for the preparation of the regional geological map of the project area.7
• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, tunnel and powerhouse site, Aditsplanning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections, Stress Analysis, and
• Support Design of typical underground structures and prepare engineering geological maps.• Pre are a r ort on general geology and geomo hology of the ro·ectarea.
4. Name of Assignment or Project: Detail Design ofUpperMyagdil HEP 53.5 MW.
Year: July 2016-Dec 2017Position Held: Team Leader/Engineering Geologist Location: Myagdi DistrictClient: Upper Myagdi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.Main Project Features: Feasibility Study ofHydropower ProjectActivities Performed:Carried out following duties:
• All concerned work related to Engineering Geology and Geotechnical of the Project andsuperv1s10n.
• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, tunnel and powerhouse site, Aditsplanning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections, Stress Analysis, and
• Support Design of typical underground structures and prepare engineering geological maps.• Prepare a report on general geology and geomorphology of the project area.• Rock mass class according NATM.• Prepare a r9Jort on general geology and geomo hology of the ro·ectarea.
5. Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of Upper DudhKhola Hydropower Project(21.16 MW) (later upgraded to 30.4 MW)Year: March 2018-Nov 2018Position Held: Engineering Geologist Location: Manang DistrictClient: Carbonless Energy Fund Pvt. Ltd.Main Project Features: Feasibility Study ofHydropower ProjectActivities Performed:Carried out following duties:
• Collect and review available literatures, topographical, geological maps, geological sectionsand aerialphotographs.
• Review reconnaissance report to update and prepare a report on regional geology andstructure.
• Prepare maps with plan and section based on field observation in scale• Geological survey, engineering geological mapping, geophysical & geotechnical
investigations including drilling, seismicity/seismic study.• Finalize Tunnel Layout, Adits planning, geological Profile, Rock mass classification, Sections,
Stress Analysis, and Support Design of typical underground structures• Select most appropriate site for project structures i.e. intake, conveyance and powerhouse site
and re are engineering_geologicalma s.
Expert Information:
Emai l address: [email protected]
Contact Number: 9851176766
Certification:
Page 5 of6
CV of Dr. Santosh Bhattarai
Page 1 of 3
CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
Name : Santosh Bhattarai, PhD
Date of Birth : 12 Feb 1987
Citizenship : Nepali
Education:
Doctor in Philosophy (PhD) in Hydraulic Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China- Outstanding Graduate of
2017- Thesis Title: Application of Soft Computing Techniques to Control the Temperature of Mass Concrete during the Construction Phase
of Concrete Dams.
Masters of Science (M. Sc.) in Water Resource Engineering 2010-2012, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University-Distinction Division-
Thesis Title: Hydrological Modeling and Climate Change Impact Assessment Using HBV Light Model: A Case Study of Narayani River
Basin, Nepal
Trainings
Participated in temperature monitoring of “Xiluodu High Concrete Double Curvature Arch Dam-2015 “January- April”.
Participated in in-door experiment for “Temperature Monitoring of Mass Concrete using DTS System” in Hydroelectric Laboratory, China
Three Gorges University.
2017 6th International Conference on Engineering and Innovative Materials(ICEIM2017) (September 3-4, 2017) paper accepted for
presentation)
October 17-19, 2015. Hohai University, Nanjing. LTBD2015: 3rd International Workshop on Long-Term Behavior and Environmentally
Friendly Rehabilitation Technologies of Dams. Hohai University, Nanjing, October 17-19, 2015
International seminar on Climate Change and Mitigation of Water Induced Disasters organized by Department of Water Induced Disaster
Prevention (DWIDP) and Nepal Engineering College (NEC), 28 March 2012, Everest Hotel
Assessment of Flood Inundations under the effect of Climate Change in Lower West Rapti Basin, Nepal organized by Nepal Development
and Research Institute ( NDRI) ,5 March 2012,Hotel Himalayan
Master Thesis Supervised
Numerical Simulation of Flow through Settling Basin: A case study of Budhi-Ganga Hydropower Project (BHP), 2020. MSc in Hydropower
Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Numerical Modelling of Flow towards Headwork’s using CFD Approach. 2020. MSc in Hydropower Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus,
Nepal
Numerical Analysis of Flow through Stilling Basin using CFD Model. 2020. MSc in Hydropower Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Publication
Dulal, S., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Simulation of Flow through Settling Basin: A case study of Budhi-Ganga
Hydropower Project (BHP). International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2020.
Khakurel, A., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Modelling of Flow towards Headwork’s using CFD Approach.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020.
Khadka, P., Bhattarai, S., Regmi, R.K, and Sharma B.N., Numerical Analysis of Flow through Stilling Basin using CFD Model. International
Journal of Civil Engineering, 2020.
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Application of Soft Computing Techniques for Predicting Cooling Time Required
Dropping Initial Temperature of Mass Concrete. Civil Engineering Journal
http://www.civilengineeringjournal.cz/archive/issues/2017/2017_2/2-2017-0017.pdf
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Yadav, R., 2016. An Overview on Types, Construction Method, Failure, and Key Technical Issues
during Construction of High Dams. Electronic Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016(21.26), pp 10415-10432.(Published in EI Journal)
http://www.ejge.com/2016/Ppr2016.0811ma.pdf
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Predicting Temperature of Mass Concrete at Construction Phase of Concrete
Dams using Genetic Programming and Artificial Neural Networks. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science &
Technology, vol.6, No.1, February 2017. https://www.ijerst.com/ijerstadmin/upload/IJEETC_58945c88eeb9e.pdf
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., 2017. Predicting Temperature Drop Rate of Mass Concrete during an Initial Cooling
Period using Genetic Programming. 2017 6th International Conference on Engineering and Innovative Materials (ICEIM
2017), Setagaya Campus, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/311/1/012018
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y ., Shakya N.M., and Zhao, C. Hydrological Modeling and Climate Change Impact Assessment Using HBV Light
Model: A Case Study of Narayani River Basin, Nepal (Published in “Nature Environment and Pollution Technology” EI Indexed Journal)
CV of Dr. Santosh Bhattarai
Page 2 of 3
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319187241_Hydrological_Modeling_and_Climate_Change_Impact_Assessment_Using_HBV_Ligh
t_Model_A_Case_Study_of_Narayani_River_Basin_Nepal
Min, H, Bhattarai, S., SIMPLE APPROACH FOR PREDICTING 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING GENETIC
PROGRAMMING. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science & Technology
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4874/314c693478e7756663437fc14b5d7f3d51a1.pdf
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y ., Zhao, C., and Zhou, H.W., Construction Phase Simulation and Optimization of High Concrete Dam Using Finite
Element Analysis and Genetic Programming .( In Review)
Bhattarai, S., Zhou, Y. Predicting Compressive Strength of Mass Concrete Using Surface Response Method (In Review)
Employment Record Relevant to the Assignment:
Period
Employing organization and your title/
position. Contact information for
references
Country Summary of activities performed relevant to the Assignment
April, 2018 to
Till Date
(Intermittent)
Employer: Institute of Engineering,
Pulchowk Campus, Nepal.
Position Held: Lecturer for MSC in
Hydropower Engineering.
Nepal Lecturer for Applied Hydraulic and Numerical Modeling
September,
2017 to Till
Date
Employer: Super Madi Hydropower
Company
Position Held : Project Coordinator of
Super Madi HEP,44 MW
Nepal Task performed:
Hydrological analysis review
Involved in Layout Finalization and Design Optimization
Detail Design Review (Headwork’s planning,
optimization components, water hammer
analysis, Numerical Analysis of head works )
Construction Planning
November,
2012 to
October, 2014
(Intermittent)
Employer: Units Engineering Consultancy
Pvt. Ltd. Kupondole Lalitpur, Nepal
Position Held: Team Leader, Hydrologist,
Water Resource Engineer
Nepal Task Performed :
Involved as a Team Leader for a conceptual layout of
the projects, hydrological analysis, hydraulic design
review , construction planning, checking the final report
of the projects
Project Name: Thame Small Hydropower Project 900
KW, Puwa Khola Hydropower Project 4 MW, Galkot
Dram Khola HEP2.5 MW and Naubase Small HEP 1
MW, Seti HEP 22 MW
Project Location: Solukhambhu, Illam, Baglung,
Dhading, and Kaski , Nepal
Membership in Professional Associations:
Member, Nepal Engineers’ Association, Regd. No. 6979 Civil “A”
Languages Skills:
Language Reading Speaking Writing
English Fluent Fluent Fluent
Nepali ----------------------Mother Tongue-------------------
Hindi Good Good Good
Chinese Good Initial Level Initial Level
Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Mobile No.: +977- 9840093866
1
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
Date of Birth
Marital Status
:
:
:
Vimsen Silwal
2038.04.29 (Aug 23,1981)
Married
Gender : Male
Permanent Address : Chiti-5, Lamjung, Gandaki Zone, Nepal
Current Address : Kirtipur-2, Kathmandu, Nepal
Nationality : Nepali
Contact
:
:
9851225411 (Mob.) Res. 014335787
Academic Qualification:
Master’s Degree in Rural Development (RD) from T.U., 2011.
Master's Degree in Population from T.U., 2009.
Bachelors from Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus (RR), Kathmandu, 2005.
LLB from Nepal Law Campus, Kathmandu, (waiting for result)
Intermediate in Humanities from Mashyandi Multipal Campus in 2001.
School Leaving Certificate from Lok Raj Adarsha Secondary School in1998.
Training:
Training on Research Methodology (7 days) conducted by centre for population Research Training (CPRT), central Department of population studies (CDPS), T.U
Participation on Life Insurance training provided by Prime Life Insurance Co. LTD Hattisar, Katmandu , Nepal
Participant on Divine Principle Seminar (14days) Provided by W-CARP Nepal and FFWPU.
Basic Computer Course (Ms. Word, Excel, Power point, E-mail, Internet).
Seven days UNESO clubs orientation program (13 – 19) July, 2005.
“Raising Awareness about Human Rights and Sensitization of the Students Leaders of Nepal” conducted at the KTM from December (8-14) 2006/07 organization by Alliance for Peace.
Training on Food Preparation (March 2007 to June 2007)) conducted by Oriental Hospitality Tourism Training Center(P) LTD New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2
Experience:
Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Siddhartha High Hay Project – World Bank Found Department of Roads, ERMC Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Syanja to Palpa) June 2017 – July 2017.
Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group
Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- World Bank Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Nagdhunga to Mugling)Oct 2016 – December 2016.
(IEE) orientation training to field interviewer, focus group discussion, field data collection and key information interaction district level governmental line agencies Arun third hydro power hytension line, ERMC Consultancy field Enumerator 7 District.
(IEE) orientation training to field interviewer, focus group discussion, field data collection and key information interaction district level governmental line agencies Shabha Khola hydro power, SanaConsultancy field Enumerator Sankhuwasaba District.
Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report and Verification, Alternative Energy office Khumaltar Lalitpur, AEPC, SIDEF, April 2014 (Technician -Rukum & Dang)
SIP (School Improvement Management) End Line Survey, Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report, The Project For Support For Improvement of School Management (SISM2),(JICA), Department of Education, Full Bright Consultancy, District Field Supervisor (Solukhumbu) May 2014– Jun 2014.
SIP (School Improvement Management) Baseline Survey, Monitoring, Reporting and Translation of the progress report. The Project For Support For Improvement of School Management (SISM2),(JICA) Department of Education, Full Bright Consultancy, District Field Supervisor (Solukhumbu) July 2013– August 2013.
Social Economic Impact Project Outcome Rapid Assessment Study of Irrigation
Sub-Projects Under CMIASP, Department of Irrigation, NEPC (Nepal Environment
Protection Center Field Research (Dhankuta, Sankuwasaba, Jhapa June 2013.
Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study, Focus Group Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation, Key Informants Interaction (District Level Governmental Line Agencies) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Okhaldhunga to Sallari) June 2012 – July 2012.
Resettlement Inventory of Affected Public Structures Community, Government,
Trust) the project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB
Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research
Supervisor (Nepal gung to Kolhapur)) September 2012 – December 2012.
Orientation Training To Field Interviewer, Organizes Field Study Focus Group
Discussion, Observation, Public Consultation Key Informants Interaction the
project for Sub- Regional Transport Enhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP)
Department of Roads, Full Bright Consultancy, Field Research Supervisor (Nepal
gung to Kolhapur)) january 2013 - Febuary 2013)
. Data Coder (Coding PPMS Base Line) Editing, Data Entry, field report writing ofSocio-economic lmpact Study. the project for Sub- Regional TransportEnhancement Project- ADB Found(STEP) Department of Roads, Full BrightConsultancy, Febuary 2013.
. Traffic Surveyor on Data Collection, (Kathmandu Valley) Traffic Survey on Data
Collection Survey on Traffic lmprovement in Kathmandu Valley Department ofRoads Full Bright Consultancy Field Research January 2012 -March 2012
. Sxfh month experience of Prime Life lnsurance Co. Ltd
o Two years experience in socialwork (Karkidanda Service Society Ktm).
. One year teaching experience (Shree Lok Raj Adharash secondary school.
Lanquaqe Writinq Speakinq ReadinqNepali Excellent Excellent ExcellentEnglish Good Good Good
References:
1. Prof & Dr. Uma Kanta silwal, Head Central Department of Rural DevelopmentStudies, T.U., Kirtipur, Phone no: 9851065808
2. Mr. Shiba Raj Sedhai, Social Development Specialist, Road Sector DevelopmentProject of STAF,Full Bright Consultancy, Pvt. Phone no 9851073358
3. Mr. Shiba PD Dhakal, Social Development Specialist, Road Sector DevelopmentProject. Phone no 9851072724
I hereby declare that all the above details are based on my knowledge.
ffivVWn Sitwal
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figure: Kabeli khola
Figure: Proposed Headworks site
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figure: Proposed Project alignment
Figure: Proposed Headrace tunnel
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figure: Proposed Surge shaft site
Figure : Proposed Penstock pipe alignment
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figure: Proposed Powerhouse area
Figure: Utis in Project area
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figure: Old landslide in project area
Figure: Notice display
EIA report Super Kabeli Khola Hydroelectric Project, 12 MW
Figute: Notice display
Figure: Community meeting