INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR QUATERNARY RESEARCH

XIV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS August 3- 10, 1995, Berl in, Germany

Quaternary field trips in Central Europe

Wolfgang Schirmer (ed .)

Addendum

Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil München 1995

ISBN 3-923871-91- 0 (complete edition) • ISBN 3-923871-96- 1 (Addendum)

~

!ünchen : Pfeil.

Research.

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lV

"CI in any form or by any 01' the copyright owner. production, should be liinchen, Germany.

INQUA 1995

Quaternary field trips in Central Europe

Wolfgang Schirmer (ed.)

17 Southwestern Traverse

Burkhard Frenzel

with contributions by

P. Ambert, J.-L. de Beaulieu, J. Biel, G. Bosinski , D. Ellwanger, B. Frenzel, S. Gaudzinski , S. Leroy, T. Litt,

D. Mania, M. Rei lle, P. Roiron, D.-K. Schäfer, W. Schirmer, H. Schlichtherle, G. Seret, M. Street, J. P. Suc, M. Thomae,

E. Turner, E. Wagner, A. Wätzel, L. Zöller

17. Southwestem Traverse, B. Frenzel. ­In: W. Schirmer (ed.): Quatemary field trips in Central Europe, Add., p.1425-1543

n, Germany © 1995 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany ISBN 3-923871-91-D (complete edition) - ISBN 3-923871-96-1 (Addendum)

:

1430

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Fig. 1 Sites to be studied during the INQUA-excursion "Southwestern Traverse". Repeatedly the sites indicated consist of several places which will be demonstrated. The numbered sites are described in the introduction. The plotted numbers are not the Stop numbers!

Foreword (w. SCHIRMER) .............. ..

Introduction (B. FRENZEL) ... ... ........ ......

Glacial-interglacial seq in eastern Germany

Stop 1: The warm-clima of Neumark-Nord, Geis< (D. MANIA & M . THOM,.:

Stop 2: Bilzingsleben .' (D. M ANlA) .... ... .............. .

Stop 3: Loess sequence • former brickyard Körne (A. WÄTZEL) ..... .............. .

Stop 4: Weimar-Ehrings Travertine quarry (D . SCHÄFER) ........... ......._

Stop 5: Main River ­example for valley botte (W. SCHIRMER) ............ _.. .

Middle and Upper PIei occupation in the Neu\' (5. GAUDZINSKI, M . STRI

Stop 6: The Kärlich clay

Stop 7: Middle Palaeolit from the Penultimate ar in the Neuwied Basin ...

Late Middle Pleistocene

Stop 8: Upper PleistoceJ

Stop 9: Evidence for lat and human activities co by Laacher See tephra: ' Miesenheim 3, Miesenh Bassenheim , OchtendUIl and Nickenich ................

Interglacials and man in southwestern Germ.

Stop 10: Upper Quate and river development area. Museum Darmst (B. FRENZEL) ....... .. ........ .

Stop 11: The Palaeolithi (1. ZÖLLER & G. A. W

1431

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0°0: :' •• - •••••• •

'..' '" 0.':' ., .': ... ....

: ° 0 .°. .......

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ly the sites indicated consist ~ introduction. The plotted

Contents

Foreword (W. SCHIRMER) ... ........ .. ......... .. ......... ... .... .... ........ 1432

Introduction (B. FRENZEL) ........................................................ 1433

Glacial-interglacial sequences in eastem Germany

Stop 1: The warm-climate period of Neumark-Nord, Geiseltal (D. M ANIA & M. THOMAE) ...... .. ....................... 1434

Stop 2: Bilzingsleben (Northern Thuringia) (D. MANlA) ................ .... ............................. .. ....... 1439

Stop 3: Loess sequence in the former brickyard Körner /Thuringia (A. WÄTZEL) ........................................................ 1441

Stop 4: Weimar-Ehringsdorf ­Travertine quarry (D. SCHÄFER) ................... .................................... 1444

Stop 5: Main River ­example for valley bottom development (W. SCHIRMER) .................................................... 1447

Middle and Upper Pleistocene hominid occupation in the Neuwied Basin (Rhineland)

Stop 6: The Kärlich d ay pit .......................... ... 1449

(S. GAUDZINSKI, M. STREET & E . TURNER)

Stop 7: Middle Palaeolithic sites from the Penultimate and Last Glacial in the Neuwied Basin .................................... .. . 1452

Late Middle Pleistocene vo1cano sites ........... 1455

Stop 8: Upper Pleistocene vo1cano sites ....... 1462

Stop 9: Evidence for late Allemd ecology and human activities conserved by Laacher See tephra: Miesenheim 2, Miesenheim 3, Miesenheim 4, Thür, Bassenheim, Ochtendung, Po1ch, Kobern and Nickenich .................... .... .. .............. ........ .... 1469

Interglacials and man in southwestern Germany

Stop 10: Upper Quaternary stratigraphy and river development in the Oberrheingraben area. Museum Darmstadt (B. FRENZEL) .. ............ .... ...... ................................ 1475

Stop 11: The Palaeolithic site of Mauer (L. ZÖLLER & G. A. WAGNER) .......................... 1478

Stop 12: Museum at Eberdingen-Hochdorf, Kr. Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg O. BIEL) .. ............ ........ .... ...... ................ ...... .......... 1481

Stop 13: A palaeolithic site in Middle Pleistocene travertines of Stuttgart-Münster (E. WAGNER) ...... .. .. .. ...... ...... .... .. .... .. .... ............... 1485

Stop 14: Holocene his tory of the river Danube in the vicinity of Ulm: Human impact versus d imatic change (B. FRENZEL) ............ ...... ...................................... 1487

The Riss valley longitudinal section (D. ELLWANGER) .............. ...... .. ...... ..................... 1491

Stop 15: Gravel pit near Baltringen ............... 1491

Stop 16: Riß type locality, gravel pit Scholterhaus to the north of Biberach ........ ... 1491

Stop 17: Sequence of Würmian deposits near Wattenweiler, Riß valley (Oberes Rißtal), south of the Riß type locality .......................... 1492

Stop 18: Würm Supermaximum at Ingoldingen, gravel pit a & b .... .......... ....... 1492

Stop 19: Viewpoint "Äußere Jungendmoräne", main moraine ridge of the Rheingletscher, near Ingoldingen/Steinhausen .................... ... 1492

Rhein glacier basin

Stop 20: Is the Eemian interglacial the equivalent of the Riß/Würm warm period? The Krumbach site (B. FRENZEL) ........................................................ 1492

Stop 21: Glacial basin of Hoßkirch (D. ELLWANGER & W. BLUDAU) .... .... ............... 1496

Stop 22: Deckenschotterplateau of Höchsten / Heiligenberg, fluvial, glacial and lacustrine deposits of the Deckenschotter complex of the Rheingletscher (D. ELLWANGER) .................. ...... .. .... .......... ........ . 1496

Stop 23: Settlement and landscape change in the Neolithic and Bronze Age times of the Southwest German Alpine Foreland (H. SCHLICHTHERLE) ........ .................................. 1497

Glacial-interglacial sequences in eastem France

Stop 24: The Grande Pile peat bog and its paleodimatic environment (G. SERET) ............................................................ 1504

1432

Stop 25: The Jura range (Besan<;on-Les Eehets): The internal morainie eomplex (H. RrCHARO, M. CAMPY, M. MAGNY & P. PETREQUlN) ..................................................... 1507

Stop 26: The lake of Chalain (H. RrCHARO, M. CAMPY, M. MAGNY & P. PETREQUIN) ......................... .. .......................... 1508

Stop 27: Lake of Onoz (H. RICHARO, M. CAMPY, M. MAGNY & P. PETREQUIN) .............. ................. ......... ............. 1509

Stop 28: Les Echets peat-bog and the eastern Lyon region a,-L. OE BEAULIEU, P. MANDIER & M. REILLE) ......................................................... .. 1511

Stop 29: Lae de St-FRONT (V. ANORIEU, E. BONIFAY, M. REILLE, A. RHOUJJATI & N. THOUVENY) ....................... 1513

Stop 30: Lac du Bouchet a.-L. OE BEAULIEU, E. BONIFAY, M. REILLE & N. THOUVENY) ..... ........... ............. .................. ..... 1518

Stop 31: Praclaux maar a.-L. OE BEAULIEU, M. REILLE & N. THOUVENY) ................. ................. .. .. ......... ..... 1522

Stop 32: The signifieance of the present role of Pinus sylvestris in Margeride and throughout the upper basin of the Loire (M. REILLE) .................................. ........................ 1524

Stop 33: Brameloup. The last glaeiation and vegetation history in Aubrac from the Würm Pleniglacial to the present a.-L. OE BEAULIEU, A. DE GOER OE HERVE & M. REILLE) ............. ...... ......... ............................... 1526

Late Pliocen e to Early Pleistocene evolution of Languedoc environments (P. AMBERT, S. LEROY, P. ROIRON & J. P. Suc) .. ............................ ............. ..... .............. 1530

Stop 34: Millau travertine sequences ............. 1530

Stop 35: Late Pliocene pollen and leaf floras from the Bernasso paleolake ........................... 1535

Stop 36: Saint-Maeaire, a Lower Pleistocene glacial phase in the Languedoe coastal plain ....................... 1538

General conclusions (B. FRENZEL) .................................. ..... ............... .. 1541

Addresses ....................... .... .... .. ...................... .... 1543

Foreword (W. SCHIRMER)

It was the intention of the INQUA Berlin 1995 ex­eursion to visit central Europe as eomplete as pos­sible. Aetually, it presents one of the most detailled pateh work of natural and eultural landscapes in the world.

Thus I am glad that the manuscript of a 17th

field trip, the Southwest Traverse, submitted in the very last minute, ean be added this edition as an Addendum while the whole edition is right now in the proeedure of printing. The Southwest Traverse

runs during the congress as post-Congress exeur­sion C 10.

All in all, 17 central European field trips pre­sented in this field guide (vol. 1,2 and Addendum) pass 18 European eountries. Together with the 45 excursions of the Berlin area (vol. 3/4) the whole opus involves 377 individual authors.

I hope that interest in eentral European Quater­nary scienee and processes will be fed and stimu­lated by this edition.

The main problems to be exeursion are:

1) How do the Quaternary former Scandinavian inland ie merly non-glaciated areas of those of the peri-Alpine region possible to correlate these stra of the deep sea stages?

2) How ean the various p ment of old and middle Paleo into the stratigraphie sehemes various Central and Southwes

3) Whieh faetors and pr Lateglaeial and Holoeene de\' European rivers?

4) Sinee what time dates th enee of man on his environm

These problems will be <hl given in Fig.1. From the geo these sites it will be clear that e mentioned will be studied re the end of the exeursion a s after having seen at some len peets of these problems.

The regions to be investigated 1) Brown-coal openeast J

Nord to the southwest of MeISE problems of Upper or Middle climate phases of interglacial ar biostratigraphy; problems of a geology.

2) Stratigraphie position ( zingsleben site (north-northwe history, paleoecology.

3) Loesses and fossil soils, stratigraphieal position in the pit, some kilometers to the we­ben site.

4) Paleoecology and stratig the travertine site Weimar-Ehri archeologieal museum in Weil

5) Lateglacial and HoloceJ the upper river Main to the no

6) Quaternary stratigraph~ the Neuwied-Basin and the E.' the northwest of Koblenz: Stra fossil soils, tephra layers, preru etation history; Laacher See.

7) Upper Pleistoeene Quat, and river development of the ( the Darmstadt area: Quaterna the Darmstadt Museum.

8) Stratigraphie position a

1433

e of the present role argeride and basin of the Loire ········· ······ .· ... · ............... .. 1524

elast glaeiation m Aubrae !acial to the present )E GOER OE HERVE & , ........... , .. ,.. .... ............... 1526

Pleistocene evolution m.ents >. ROIRON & .. ·.. ·.... .. ..... .. .... ....... ...... . 1530

ne sequenees .. .... ...... . 1530

JOllen and leaf floras Jlake ................ .... .... .. . 1535

cial phase i! plain ....................... 1538

........... , ........................ 1541

...· ...... ·., ....................... 1543

as post-Congress exeur-

European field trips pre­(\'01. 1,2 and Addendum) ries. Together with the 45 area (vol. 3/4) the whole ldual authors. central European Quater­

will be fed and stimu-

Introduction (8. FRENZEL)

The main problems to be diseussed during this exeursion are:

1) How do the Quatemary stratigraphies of the former Seandinavian inland iee area, those of for­merly non-glaciated areas of Central Europe and those of the peri-Alpine region fit together and is it possible to eorrelate these stratigraphies with that of the deep sea stages?

2) How ean the various phases in the develop­ment of old and middle Paleolithie cultures be fit into the stratigraphie sehemes of the Quatemary of various Central and Southwest European regions?

3) Whieh factors and processes govemed the Lateglacial and Holoeene development of Central European rivers?

4) Sinee what time dates the oldest strong influ­enee of man on his environment?

These problems will be diseussed at the sites given in Fig.I. From the geographieal position of these sites it will be dear that eaeh of the problems mentioned will be studied repeatedly and only at the end of the exeursion a summary ean be given after having seen at some length the regional as­peets of these problems.

The regions to be investigated are (Fig. 1): 1) Brown-eoal opencast mining Neumark­

Nord to the southwest of Merseburg: Stratigraphie problems of Upper or Middle Pleistoeene warm­dimate phases of interglaeial and interstadial rank; biostratigraphy; problems of applied Quatemary geology.

2) Stratigraphie position of the famous Bil­zingsleben site (north-northwest of Weimar): pre­history, paleoecology.

3) Loesses and fossil soils, their eharacter and stratigraphieal position in the former Körner d ay pit, some kilometers to the west of the Bilzingsle­ben site.

4) Paleoecology and stratigraphie al position of the travertine site Weimar-Ehringsdorf; visit to the areheologieal museum in Weimar.

5) Lateglacial and Holoeene development of the upper river Main to the north of Bamberg.

6) Quatemary stratigraphy and prehistory in the Neuwied-Basin and the Eastem Eifel Mts., to the northwest of Koblenz: Stratigraphy of loesses, fossil soils, tephra layers, prehistorie sites and veg­etation history; Laaeher See.

7) Upper Pleistoeene Quatemary stratigraphy and river development of the Oberrheingraben in the Darmstadt area: Quatemary paleontology in the Darmstadt Museum.

8) Stratigraphie position and paleoecologieal

setting of Homo erectus heidelbergensis in the Mauer gravel and sand pit, some kilometers to the east of Heidelberg.

9) Paleoeeologieal situation of the Iron Age set­tlement of Hochdorf, to the north-west of Stutt­gart.

10) Middle Pleistoeene prehistorieal site Stutt­gart-Münster, travertine quarry Lauster, prehisto­ry, paleontology, Quatemary stratigraphy, devel­opment of the valley of river Neekar during the Quatemary; eomparison with the Bilzingsleben site.

11) Lateglacial and Holoeene development of vegetation in southwestem Germany, demonstrat­ed in the Hohenheim Botanieal Garden; dendrodi­matology and dendroehronology; Botanisches In­stitut der Universität Hohenheim.

12) Holoeene development of the river Danube in the vieinity of Ulm: Human impact versus histo­ry of dimate.

13) Quatemary stratigraphy along the river Riß, between Biberach and Ulm: The problem of the stratigraphie position of the Riß and Würm glaeiations.

14) Krumbaeh site to the west of Federsee: Is the Eemian interglaeial the equivalent of the Riß­Würm warm period?

15) Middle and Upper Pleistocene sequenee of interglacials and cold-climate phases in the Hoß­kireh area to the north of Konstanz: The problem of the stratigraphieal division of the time between the Hoisteinian and the Eemian in terglacials.

16) Quatemary stratigraphy of the Old and Middle Pleistocene in the Höchsten area.

17) Prehistoric man and his environments dur­ing Lateglacial and Holocene times in the Boden­see area: Hemmenhofen to the west-northwest of Konstanz.

18) Quatemary stratigraphy and the history of glaciations in the southwestem part of the Vosges Mts., Grande Pile, France.

19) Upper Quatemary of the French Jura; pile dwelling in the Lae de Chalain; Holocene lake-lev­el changes; interglacial site Les Eehets near Lyon.

20) Middle and Upper Pleistocene stratigraphy in existing and fossil maar lakes of the French Pla­teau Central in the surroundings of Le Puy.

21) Lower and Middle Pleistocene travertines at Millau.

22) Late Pliocene floras in the Bemasso paleo­lake near Lodeve/Herault.

23) Lower Pleistocene glacial steppe vegetation in the Languedoc coastal plain at Saint-Macaire, northwest of Agde.

1444

SE­

caCcClt"'r ous o$O,.,c/ ® Li,hf yeilo 'v'

® calcareous

SClndy cloy . . . . . ..............cold moUu.JC$ fOUhCl

Molluscs aJsemblages sen.suLOiEKJjM/lNIA

woodlal1d.J Q.f~ c;ve"'.s'dfl l?7eadol-t's c.alca"-eouJ mud

wetlwoodecJ 1:.:. :1 woody .sf~ppeC;:;:= moisf® greeh '3,"e)' sWj

o u6;qui.s!s ~watet"to"na '1~ "0

U/n, dares BRUNNACKER (1987) Fig. 10 Körner loess pit II

Becken und dessen Randgebiet. - Warszawa, 227­234.

WOILLARD, G. (1978): Grande Pile peat bog: A continuous pollen record for the last 140000 years. - Quatem. Res., 9: 1-21

WOILLARD, G. (1979): Abrupt end at the Last Interglacial s. s. in North-East France. - Nature, 282: 558-562.

Stop 4: Weimar-Ehringsdorf ­Travertine quarry

(0 . SCHÄFER)

TK 25: 5033 Weimar, 5034 Magdala

Since the beginning of this century the travertine quarries of Weimar-Ehringsdorf belong to the clas­sical Middle European sites of research for Pleis­tocene archaeology. The site is situated in the mid­dIe of the Thuringian basin ("Thüringer Becken") in a rift valley named "Umtalgraben".

Travertine was caused by springs that drained through the karst, in this case that of the Muschel­kalk.

The spring water was rather warm, i. e. 8 to 12

interglacial sequence.

degrees centigrade, so the places at the side of the springs were attractive both for man and for the Pleistocene animals. Nevertheless scientists could not find any sites with places where animals have been slaughtered so far ('killing sites').

Resting places with fireplacesl charcoal, arte­facts and bones have been floated by karstic water, as the springs changed their places very often. Because of this the so-called "Brandschichten" de­veloped.

Finally hardened travertine (sometimes traver­tine sand) covered the site. Sediments up to 20 m in thickness were formed. Usually paleolithic settle­ments were found at places w here springs floated a wider area in which travertine could be accumu­lated (= the area of the former quarries owned by KÄMPFE and FISCHER).

Based on former and his own research SOERGEL (1926) was able to give a standard profile that was valid for more than 50 years. New exposure condi­tions were the reason for the Upper Travertine being investigated in more detail by STEINER (1974;

Fig. 11 Weimar­Ehringsdorf - Stand­ard profile (R. -D. KAHLKE 1994, after STEINER 1977)

Fig.11). Nontheless one cannot (

stratigraphical episodes 01

could enlighten only wea graphical interpretation.

The finds of imprints 0

molluscs and rnicro- I macro specific (H. D. KAHLKE 197­STEINER 1979; HEINRICH 1 R.-D. KAHLKE 1994).

The basis of the travertin of the river Um and sediIr facies. Those sediments seel sitional time from glacial t (findings of Mammuthus pn. bicularis within stratigrapt (R. D. KAHLKE 1994: 364).

The Lower Travertine . 15 m thick) is the archeolo part, up to 9 layers of "Bran found in the fischer-quarT}' SCHÄFER 1987).

An industry of rather s side scrapers and points I these layers, the amount of retuschen") is overrated in

Different finds of ho . the time between 1908 and least 6 different individuals logically the individuals ar derthaloid or sapientoid h

.. . • • -""C"I:

1445

SE- Bereich Zenlralbereich W-und NW Bereich

Lö~lehm

GehönQelohm

Ob. Traverttn

Pseudopariser n Ob. Travertin B

Pseudoporlser I

Ob. Trovertin A

Pariser

Unterer Travertin

.............. Auelehm'--..,

--­

------::C" :1 ­T ,li"--­ i'O~e

-I-

• ~lm'ChOtler0 ..•. K"d.·,a~,«~.. . . • •• 10. ,

Sollfluktlonaschutt

Fig. 10 Körner loess pit II interglacial sequence.

.e places at the side of the both for man and for the :ertheless scientists could laces where animals have ('killing sites'). fueplaces / charcoal, arte­

floated by karstic water, their places very often. ed "Brandschichten" de­

'ertine (sometimes traver­e. Sediments up to 20 m in Csually paleolithic settle­ces where springs floa ted

'a\'ertine could be accumu­-ormer quarries owned by

his own research SOERGEL tandard profile that was

ears. New exposure condi­for the Upper Travertine re detail by STEINER (1974;

Fig. 11 Weimar­Ehringsdorf - Stand­ard profile (R.-D. KAHLKE 1994, after STEINER 1977)

Fig. 11). Nontheless one cannot deny the fact that short

stratigraphical episodes of the whole sequence could enlighten only weakly the chronostrati­graphical interpretation.

The finds of imprints of plants (e. g. leaves), molluscs and micro-/macromammals are rich and specific (H. D. KAHLKE 1974, 1975; ZEISSLER 1975; STEINER 1979; HEINRICH 1981a, b; SCHÄFER 1991; R-D. KAHLKE 1994).

The basis of the travertine are fluviatile gravels of the river Um and sediments of the overbank facies. Those sediments seem to point to the tran­sitional time from glacial to interglacial periods (findings of Mammuthus primigenius and Emys or­bicularis within stratigraphical neighbourhood) (R D. KAHLKE 1994: 364).

The Lower Travertine (in the W /NW area up to 15 m thick) is the archeologically most important part, up to 9 layers of "Brandschichten" have been found in the Fischer-quarry (BEHM-BLANCKE 1969; SCHÄFER 1987).

An industry of rather small silex artefacts with side scrapers and points (rarely) are specific for these layers, the amount of face retouch ("Flächen­retuschen") is overrated in literature.

Different finds of hominids have been made in the time between 1908 and 1925; they belong to at least 6 different individuals (Ehr. A-I). Anthropo­logically the individuals are interpreted as nean­derthaloid or sapientoid human beings (VLCEK

1993, see also GRIMM 1993). The surroundings of the "Brandschichten" give

evidence of an interglacial dimate with an oak­and mixed forest and an antiquus-fauna. The fol­lowing animals are found rather often: Dicero­rhinus kirchbergensis, Bison priscus mediator, Ursus arctos, Equus, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Cervus elaphus etc.

In the middle part of the Lower Travertine the antiquus fauna becomes rare. Dicerorhinus kirch­bergensis is replaced by Dicerorhinus hemitoechus and Palaeoloxodon antiquus is found rarely. Those pieces of horses, whose stratigraphy is dear, are found a bit lower than the Pariser, as weH as a possible molar of Mammuthus (R-D. KAHLKE 1994).

Heterogene finds of micromammals (continen­tal and warm/temperate types) are found here as weIl (HEINRICH 1981b).

The layer in between, called Pariser, is built up of dayey loam often rich in carbonate and some­times in gravels.

The top most sediments of the Pariser are trans­formed into a parabraunerde or rendzina. It could be shown that the Pariser was formed in a warm period, as new finds of small mammals prove ev­idence too (STEINMÜLLER 1974; BÖHME & HEIN­RICH, in press; contradicting observations on the pollenflora: FRENZEL 1974).

Many findings point to a warm dimate and an open vegetation when the Upper Travertine was

1446

formed (molluses, plants and several mammals). Stra tified micromammals lying in the lower parts of the Upper Travertine point to warm climates (HEINRICH 1981a). O ther animals do not eorrobo­rate this , h ke followin g continental species: Mam­muthus primigenius (only shortly above the Pari­ser), Dicerorhinus hemitoechus, sometimes Coelo­donta antiquitatis, Alces latifrons, ?Rangifer (H.-D. KAHLKE 1974, 1975) . Probably some of the m is­takes of interpretation orginate in the s tra tigraph­ical research, sin ce three 'Pseudopariser ' layers in the Upper Travertine w ere unknown d uring a long period of travertine research .

On the other h and there should be discussed more the 'ecological plasticity' problem of season­ally sympatry of several taxa.

New finds of a colluvium chernozem with thousands of rnicromammals, birds and rests of a H erpetofauna, found in karstic hollows w ithin the Upp er Travertine, favour the view th at the forma­tion of this colluvium d ates from the Early Weich­sehan (BÖHME & HEINRICH, in press).

Only a few ar tefacts and some isolated finds of tools are known from the only "Brand schicht" of the Upper Travertine (STEINER & STEINER 1975).

A specific feature in the travertine are 20 burnt pieces of Cornus mas L. (SCHÄFER & JÄGER 1984).

Loess, soils and periglacial horizons from the layers on top of the Upper Travertine. These layers ha ve not been investigated completely so far (GUENTHER 1958, BEHM-BLANCKE 1960) . Single finds of tools are not specific, but a piece of a leaf point (Blattspitze) at the basis of the loess (SCHU­STER 1928, after SOERGEL 1919) points to sediments

. of the last glacial period on top of the layers of the Upper Travertine.

For the Lower Travertine some groups of mam­mals and new radiom etrie data seem to give evi­dence of a pre-Eemian age (JÄGER & HEINRICH 1982; ZÖLLER 1994).

Technological research of 2,400 artefacts from the Lower Travertine shows on the other hand a high sirnilarity to exactly dated Eernian and Early Weichselian collections (SCHÄFER 1993).

BÖHME, G. & HEINRICH, W.-D.: Zwei neue Wirbeltier­faunen aus der pleistozänen Schichtenfolge des Tra­vertins von Weimar-Ehringsdorf. - Ethnographisch­Archäolog. Zeitsehr. [in press]

FRENZEL, B. (1968): Pollenanalysen an Material aus dem "Pariser" von Weimar-Ehringsdorf. - In: III. Interna­tionales Paläontologisches Kolloquium 1968, Abh. zentr. geol. Inst., 21: S. 343-35l.

GRIMM, H. (1993): Zur Geschichte und zum Stand der Forschung an den Hominidenresten. - In: VLCEK, E.: Fossile Menschenfunde von Weimar-Ehringsdorf. Weimarer Mongr. Ur- u. Frühgesch., 30.

GUENTHER, E.-W. (1958): Feinstratigraphische Untersu­

chungen einer Zwischenschicht und der Deckschich­ten der Traqvertine von Ehringsdorf. - Alt-Thürin­gen, 3: 1-15.

HEINRICH, W.-D. (1981a): Systematische Zusammenstel­lung der in den thüringischen Interglazialtravertinen von Burgtonna, Taubach und Weimar-Ehringsdorf nachgewiesenen Kleinsäugerarten. - Quartärpaläon­tologie, 4: 127-130.

HEINRICH, W.-D. (1981b): Fossile Kleinsäugerreste aus dem Unteren Travertin von Weimar-Ehringsdorf (Thüringen, DDR) (Vorläufige Mitteilung). - Quar­tärpaläontologie, 4: 131-143.

JÄGER, K.-D. & HEINRICH W.-D. (1982): The travertine at Weimar-Eh rings dorf - an interglacial site of Saalian age? Project 73-1-24, 'Quaternary glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere' Report 7: 98-114.

KAHLKE, H.-D. [ed.] (1974): Das Pleistozän von Weimar­Ehringsdorf, Teill. - Abhandl. Zentr. Geol. lnst., 21; Berlin.

KAHLKE, H.-D. [ed.] (1975): Das Pleistozän von Weimar­Ehringsdorf, Teil 2. - Abhandl. Zentr. Geol. Inst., 23; Berlin.

KAHLKE, R.-D. (1994): 2.3. Exkursionspunkt B 2/2: Tra­vertinbrüche Weimar-Ehringsdorf. - In: KAHLKE, R.­D. & D. MANlA (1994): Komplexe Interglazialfund­stellen Thüringens (Exkursion B2). Altenburger na­turwiss. Forsch., 7: 362-366.

SCHÄFER, D. (1988): Merkmalanalyse mittelpaläolithi­scher Steinartefakte. - unpubl. Diss. Humboldt­Univ.; Berlin.

ScHÄFER, D. (1991): Weimar-Ehringsdorf: Diskussions­stand zur geochronologischen und archäologischen Einordnung sowie aktuelle Aufschlußsitutation. ­Quartär, 41142: 19-43.

ScHÄFER, D. (1993): Grundzüge der technologischen Ent­wicklung und Klassifikation vor-jungpaläolithischer Steinartefakte in Mitteleuropa. - Berichte Röm.­Germ. Komm., 74: 49-193.

ScHÄFER, D. & K.-D. JÄGER (1984): Verkohlte Steinkerne der Kornelkirsche (Cornus mas L.) aus dem Paläolithi­kum des Oberen Travertins von Weimar-Ehrings­dorf. - Alt-Thüringen, 20: 15-22.

ScHUSTER, E. (1928): Die altsteinzeitliche Kultur von Ehringsdorf. - In: WEIDENREICH, F.: Der Schädelfund von Weimar-Ehringsdorf: 139-204; Jena.

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STEINER, W. (1974): Die neue Gliederung des Oberen Tra­vertins von Ehringsdorf bei Weimar. - In: H.-D. KAHLKE [ed.]: Das Pleistozän von Weimar-Ehrings­dorf, Teill. Abhandl. Zentr. Geol. Inst., 21: 153-156; Berlin.

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ZEISSLER, H. (1975): Konch. stozän. - In: H.-D. Weimar-Ehringsdorf, T Inst., 23: 15-90; Berlin.

ZÖLLER, L., KARELIN, P. & neszenz-Datierung in d lichkeiten, Grenzen und len aus Süd-und Ostd DEUQUA, Leipzig.

Stop 5: M example for valley

(W. Sc

TK 25: 5832 Lichtenfe 267 m j

The Upper Main valley 0 .

Tertiary a t least, when a I main" (KRUMBECK 1927) in the Thüringer Wald sc the nowadays Donau ba tocene it was captured by feed the Rhein. At about 1 had a lready reached the fill. It w as followed by a la Pleistocene, at least 30 m again has been cut by a terraee stair ca se down to It w as mainly tectonical • rough valley structure uF late Middle Pleistocene, fr glacial period 011, the Ma s taircase, the slope toe t between the valley slope (see val. 1, p . 486, Fig. 10 penultimate glaciation ris

Niederlerrasse l

Hoxi...Ürm T.

Rtundorf T. Schönbrvnn Te".•.

wu ' wu 2

·5

? 2S0c0 - ? 19000 ? 18000 - 13000

Soil hor izo ns : BII11III m:m S,.

Sedimen t: ~ grovel ~

Fig. 13 Late Quaternary tem

enschicht und der Deckschich­'on Ehringsdorf. - Alt-Thürin-

Systematische ZusammensteI­ngischen Interglazialtravertinen

,ach und Weimar-Ehringsdorf Insäugerarten, - Quar tärpaläon­

· Fossile Kleinsäugerreste aus ~tin von Weimar-Ehringsdorf orläufige Mitteilung). - Quar­

131-143. i W.-D. (1982): The travertine at - an interglacial site of Saalian 'Quatemary glaciations in the

re' Report 7: 98-114. : Das Pleistozän von Weimar­

•Abhandl. Zentr. Geol. Inst., 21;

· Exkursionspunkt B 2/2: Tra­-Ehringsdorf. - In: KAHLKE, R.­

Komplexe Interglazialfund ­xkursion B2). Altenburger na­2- 366. kmalanalyse mittelpaläoIithi­- unpubl. Diss. Humboldt-

r-Ehringsdorf: Diskussions­ischen und archäologischen

tuelle Aufschlußsituta tion. ­

~üge der technologischen Ent­~tion vor-jungpaläolithischer

teleuropa. - Berichte Röm .­193. U984): Verkohlte Steinkerne

ws mas L.) aus dem Paläolithi­\'ertins von Weimar-Ehrings­20: 15-22. altsteinzeitliche Kultur von

;REICH, F.: Der Schädelfund orf: 139-204; Jena. • Eiszeiten und paläolithische

enmg und Altersbestimmung

Gliederung des Oberen Tra­orf bei Weimar. - In: H.-D.

l'6tozän von Weimar-Ehrings-Zentr. Geol. Inst., 21: 153-156;

~ra\'ertin von Ehringsdorf und e neue Brehm-Bücherei, 522;

Der Pariser-Horizont von Eh­(AHLKE [ed.]: Das Pleistozän

>dorf, Teil 1. Abhandl. Zentr. ; Berlin.

1447

VLCEK, E. (1993): Fossile Menschenfunde von Weimar­Ehringsdorf. - Weimarer Mongr. Ur- u. Frühgesch., Liassie hilfs 30. to

er) dach ZEISSLER, H . (1975): Konchylien im Ehringsdorfer Plei­ u~ RO~ stozän. - In: H .-D. KAHLKE [ed. ]: Das Pleistozän von \'f.e

. ~ 0Weimar-Ehringsdorf, Teil 2. Abhandl. Zentr. Geol. C,\ U Tr iebo Hochstadt

Inst., 23: 15-90; Berlin. t::::r" Bonz It 0 Reundort ~, Schön brunn 0 U Vi erze hnhei lJ genZÖLLER, L., KARELlN, P. & JÄGER, K.-D. (1994): Lumi­

neszenz-Datierung in der Quartärforschung - Mög­ ~ . 0 Il~V '\ i~~:;~~<.. Staffelstein ~'".,\\\\\\ 1q,,%jlllllllJll/l/ltt/t,,~'*''* '\

lichkeiten, Grenzen und Perspektiven (mit Beispie­ q, 1 111111 :t;~tf' \ ~ tU/IIII,~ Obe rbrunn 0 0 Ebensfeld II~/b ~ len aus Süd-und Ostdeutschland). - Postersitzung ~ ~ \1 . hDEUQUA, Leipzig. ~ Unt" brunn o . '!k .... nk JSC e Alb

ra ~11 1\\\\\\\\\\~:§ (J u r a 5 sie)

Stop 5: Main River ­ Iexample for valley bottom development

(w. SCHIRMER) "'

TK 25: 5832 Lichtenfe ls , R 44381, H 55582; ~O::267 m a. s. I. 0

<:>'/ & ..!fa/ I)

The Upper Main valley originates from the Middle Sfeige/,/yTertiary at least, when a primeval Main, the "Ur­

frr/os . Ql'o­main" (KRUMBECK 1927) rW1 from the water divide S l c/

10 kmin the Thüringer Wald southward via Regnitz to the nowadays Donau basin. In the oldest Pleis­tocene it was captured by the Main at Bamberg to Fig. 12 Type localities of the Middle European late Qua­

ternary terrace sequence feed the Rhein. At about 1 m. y. ago fluvial erosion had already reached the base of the recent valley fil!. It was followed by a la te Lower to early Middle recent river level, that of the penultimate glaciation Pleistocene, at least 30 m thick accumulation that up to 5.5 m. The adjoining valley bottom reaches in again has been cut by a mid-Middle Pleistocene the Maxiwürm Terrace (wu1 ) an elevation of 4 m terrace stair case down to the recent valley bottom. above the river level. In contrast to the precedent It was mainly tectonical activity that formed the terraces the slope toe terraces and valley bottom rough valley structure up to that state. Since the terraces are predominantly the result of climatic late Middle Pleistocene, from the antepenultimate change. glacial period on, the Main river formed a gentie The area of the Upper Main and adjoining Mid­staircase, the slope toe terraces, which mediate die Main River (Fig, 12) is the type area of a newly between the valley slope and the valley bottom investigated system of valley bottom deposits (Fig. (see vo!. 1, p . 486, Fig. 10). The terrace of the ante­ 13) placed since the Upper Würmian Period in penultimate glaciation rises up to 15 m above the central Europe. Here for the first time, the fluvial

Niederlerrassel Higher Middle 1 Lower

F loodplain Terraces HOlCiwürm T.

Reundorf T. Schönbrunn fe rroce Ebi ng T. Lichtenfels Ebensfeld T.· Obe rbrunn T. Ze ttllh T. Unfer brunn T. Sfo ffelboth 1. Vie relh T. wul wu 2 wu 3 hml hu l hu3 hl hm Z hu2 hu l.

Hain

· 5 200 BC

? 25(0) - ? 19CXXJ ? 18000 - 13000 10800 - 10400 Prtbore ol 7000- S400BP S400- 3200BP - 2S0AO SOO- 800AO 1S. -t7. tent. eorly19.cenf.

Soil horizons : 111 Bt mH:Jj Bt" ~ B", s lrOl"lgl medium 1 weok ~ pseudo - cher nozem or fossil Ah ~ Gley

Sediment : ~ grovel ~ skeleton grevel ~ sand ~ ftuvisoli ment (soil sed imen t) Ö' (er e rni cs

(limo te ind icotors : '- gelisolum ~obs bJ cryoturbo fion rI' Ice wl!dgl!!s -... rannes (IrH trunks ) ~ piles

Fig. 13 Late Quaternary terrace sequence of the River Main