rule-59-motion-sin.pdf - Turtle Talk

CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP

WASHINGTON, DC ONE LIBERTY PLAZA FRANKFURT

PARIS NEWYORK, NY 10006-1470 COLOGNE

(212) 225 2000 ROME

BRUSSELS FACSIMILE (212) 225-3999MILAN

LONDON ~~~~~~~WWW.CLEARYGOTTLIEB.COMHOGKN

Moscow BEIJING

November 14, 2007Writer's Direct Dial' (212) 225-2330

E-Mail: clundingI~cgsh corn

BY ECF

The Honorable Joseph F. BiancoUnited States District JudgeUnited States District CourtEastern District of New York100 Federal PlazaCentral Islip, New York 1 1722

Re: State of New York. et al. v. The Shinnecock Indian Nation. et al.. 03Civ. 3243: Town of Southampton v. The Shinnecock Indian Tribe. etal.. 03 Civ. 3466 (Consolidated)

Dear Judge Bianco:

I write with respect to the Court's holding regarding the current status ofthe Shinnecock Indian Nation with respect to its recognition by the Department of theInterior. In its Memorandum and Order filed October 30, 2007 (dkt. no. 372 in 03 CIV.3243), the Court observed that: "First, and foremost, the Nation cannot satisfy thedefinition of an 'Indian tribe' because it is undisputed that the Nation is not recognizedas a tribe by the BIA." Memorandum and Order at 118. Plaintiffs' proposed form ofpermanent injunction at Declaration E,1 discussed in my separate letter of today's datecontaining objections to Plaintiffs' proposal, is consistent with this conclusion. TheCourt's statement appears to be predicated entirely on Stipulation #9 contained in theparties' Proposed Joint Pretrial Order, filed September 28, 2006 (dkt. no. 245 in 03 CIV.3243) .2

We have now discovered this stipulation is incorrect, or at a minimum fairground for litigation. We therefore ask the Court to relieve us of this stipulation and

"The Shinnecock Indian Nation is not recognized by the United States Department of the Interior,Bureau of Indian Affairs."

2 "The Shinnecock Indian Nation has not been acknowledged to be an Indian tribe by the UnitedStates Department of the Interior." The stipulation is included, in slightly modified form, in the textof the Court's Memorandum and Order at p 8

Case 2:03-cv-03243-JFB-ARL Document 375 Filed 11/14/2007 of 3

Hon. Joseph F. Bianco, p. 2

modify its Memorandum and Order only to the extent of clarifying that Defendants havenot conceded, and the Court does not now find, that the Nation never has beenrecognized by the Department of the Interior, but rather only that "the Nation has [not]been acknowledged to be an Indian tribe under the administrative procedures of theDepartment of the Interior described at 25 C.F.R. Part 83." Memorandum and Order at118.~

The newly-discovered evidence shows clearly and unambiguously that theNation recognized by the Department of the Interior as an Indian tribe and treated as anIndian tribe under federal jurisdiction for many years prior to the adoption ofadministrative procedures for the acknowledgment of Indian tribes in 1978. Enclosedherewith is an affidavit attaching some of the documents we have identified since thestipulation was entered, and which we believe are sufficient to demonstrate clearly thatDefendants raise this issue in good faith, and not for any improper purpose.

As we understand the Court's Memorandum and Order, the issue ofwhether the Nation ever has been recognized or acknowledged by the Department ofthe Interior is simply not relevant to the question of the applicability of the IndianGaming Regulatory Act, which depends solely on the Nation's omission from the list oftribes acknowledged under the administrative procedures of the Department of theInterior described at 25 C.F.R. Part 83, last published on March 22, 2007, at 72 Fed.Reg. 13648. Defendants concede, as they must, that the Nation is not currently on thatlist. These are what we understand to be the dispositive facts with respect to theCourt's holding as to the applicability of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.

We do not intend to revisit the Court's holding in that regard, nor do wepropose to litigate here the purport of documents we have identified since the stipulationwas entered. Defendants are concerned, however, that the Court's statement that "theNation is not recognized as a tribe by the BIA" may be misinterpreted by other partiesas having been actually litigated and necessary to the Court's holding, giving rise toquestions about issue or claim preclusion. Based as it is in a stipulation unnecessary tothe Court's actual holding and not actually litigated, it is unlikely that this statementcould be used to attempt to collaterally estop the Nation in other circumstances.However, the matter is important enough to the Nation for us to make this request to theCourt, and we believe that the Court's Memorandum and Order should be as clear aspossible on this point.

We therefore ask the Court to enter an order indicating the following:

3 The Court appears to have inadvertently omitted a "not" from its discussion of this issue As itappears in the Court's Memorandum and Order, this passage reads: "[a~ll parties agree that IGRAby its terms does not apply to the Shinnecock Nation, in that the Nation has been [sic]acknowledged to be an Indian tribe under the administrative procedures of the Department of theInterior described at 25 C.F.R. Part 83." As tempting as it may be to ignore this accidentalomission, having noticed it we are obliged to bring it to the Court's attention.


Hon. Joseph F. Bianco, p. 3

(I) Based upon newly-discovered evidence relating to the historicalacknowledgment of the Shinnecock Indian Nation as an Indian tribe by the Departmentof the Interior, Defendants are relieved of their stipulation that "The Shinnecock IndianNation has not been acknowledged to be an Indian tribe by the United StatesDepartment of the Interior."

(2) The Court's holding is, however, predicated upon the concededabsence of the Shinnecock Indian Nation from the list of tribes acknowledged under theadministrative procedures of the Department of the Interior described at 25 C.F.R. Part83, last published on March 22, 2007, at 72 Fed. Reg. 13648. No substantivemodification to the Court's Memorandum and Order therefore is necessary.

(3) However, the Court's Memorandum and Order is clarified to theextent that nothing in it should be understood to indicate that Defendants haveconceded, or that the Court concludes as a matter of fact or law, that the Nation was orwas not acknowledged to be an Indian tribe by the Department of the Interior in theperiod prior to the adoption of the administrative procedures of the Department of theInterior currently described at 25 C.F.R. Part 83.

We believe that all of the relevant facts we need to present are included inthis letter and the accompanying affidavit, and therefore ask the Court to treat this as aletter motion and permit our adversaries to respond in whatever manner the Courtdeems appropriate. If, however, the Court would prefer a formal motion forreconsideration or modification of the Memorandum and Order we will, of course, behappy to oblige.

Very truly yours,

Christopher H. LundingSenior Counsel(CL-5920)

Copies: To all counsel


UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTEASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

STATE OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK STATERACING AND WAGERING BOARD, NEW YORKSTATE DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATION, and TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON

03 CIV. 3243 (JFB)(ARL)

Plaintiffs,

- against -

THE SHINNECOCK INDIAN NATION, FREDERICKC. BESS, LANCE A. GUMBS, RANDALL KING andKAREN HUNTER

Defend ants.

xUNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTEASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

CONSOLIDATED

xTOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON,

Plaintiffs,

- against -

THE SHINNECOCK TRIBE A/K/A THESHINNECOCK INDIAN NATION, FREDERICK C.BESS, LANCE A. GUMBS and RANDALL KING

Defendants.

03 Civ. 3466 (JFB)(ARL)

x

AFFIDAVIT OF CHRISTOPHER H. LUNDING

x

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Case 2:03-cv-03243-JFB-ARL Document 375-2 Filed 11/14/2007 Page 1 of 5

STATE OF NEWYORK )Ss.:

COUNTY OF NEW YORK)

CHRISTOPHER H. LUNDING, being duly sworn, says:

1 . I am Senior Counsel at the firm of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton

ILLP, counsel for the Shinnecock Indian Nation and for all other defendants in this

action, and am a member of the Bar of this Court.

I. submit this affidavit on behalf of all Defendants in support of

Defendants' request by letter motion submitted herewith to this Court to clarify certain

aspects of the Court's October 30, 2007, Memorandum and Order and for related relief.

3. In particular, I submit this affidavit to authenticate and place into the

record a selection of documents from a large number of documents supporting the

proposition that the question of whether the Shin necock Indian Nation has been

acknowledged by the United States Department of the Interior to be an Indian tribe

under federal jurisdiction is one that is, at a minimum, fair ground for litigation.

4. Attached to this affidavit as Exhibit A is a true copy of relevant

extracts from Volume II of the annual report of the Department of the Interior for the

Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1915, submitted to Congress and published as H. Doc. No.

90, 64th Cong., 1st Sess. In that document, at page 50, the Commissioner of Indian

Affairs states as to New York Indians that:

During the latter part of the calendar year 1914 a specificinvestigation was made into the present condition of theseIndians and the status of their title to the lands now occupiedby them, with the view of evolving some suitable andeffective plan for straightening out the tangled affairs ofthese people. The report of the investigating officer, aninteresting and instructive paper, was submitted under dateof December 26, 1914. His report, with other data relating tothe Seneca and other Indians of the Five Nations of New

2


York, was printed as House Document 1590, Sixty-thirdCongress, third session.

5. Attached to this affidavit as Exhibit B is a true and complete copy

of House of Representatives Document No. 1590, 63d Cong., 3d Sess., Feb. 12, 1915.

6. The "report of the investigating officer" referred to in Paragraph 3

is reproduced at pages 1 1 through 15 of Exhibit B, and a copy of this report (the

"Reeves Report"), enlarged for convenience of reference, is attached to this affidavit as

Exhibit C.

7. In the Reeves Report, John R.T. Reeves, the representative of the

Indian Office of the Department of the Interior, states in relevant part:

Assistant Commissioner [of Indian Affairs] Meritt, being firmlyimpressed with the necessity of taking some definite actionlooking to an effective solution of the New York Indianproblem, instructed me orally in the early fall of 1913 "to getto the bottom of it," if possible. Later you authorized me inwriting to visit the several reservations in that State so as topresent existing conditions there. The question has provenof great interest and increasing importance as theinvestigation progressed . ..

Six tribes still remain in New York, to be regarded as of anyimportance at this time, viz[.], the Senecas, Tonawandas,Tuscaroras, Onondagas, St. Regis, and Shinnecocks, thelatter, however, never having formed a unit in the SixNations, although at one time they did pay tribute to theMohawks. A brief statement as to the status of the lands ineach reservation is here presented in order that a clearerunderstanding of the matter may be reached.

8. Attached to this affidavit as Exhibit D is a true copy of the cover

page, the first page of text and pages 96 through 99 and pages 188 through 191 of

Indians of New York, Hearings before the Committee on Indian Affairs, House of

Representatives on H. R. 9 720, H. Doc. No. 592, 71 st Cong., 2d Sess. (1 930).

3


9. A letter dated October 12, 1929, from Secretary of the Interior Ray

Lyman Wilbur to the Honorable Lynn J. Frazier, Chairman of the Senate Committee on

Indian Affairs is reproduced at pages 189 through 190 of Exhibit D (the "Wilbur Letter").

10. A copy of the Wilbur Letter, enlarged for convenience of reference,

is attached to this affidavit as Exhibit E.

11. In the Wilbur Letter, Secretary of the Interior Wilbur reported in

relevant part:

At sundry times in the past the situation with respect to theIndians in New York has been presented to Congress. ...

House Document No. 1590, Sixty-third Congress, thirdsession, containing the report of this department on the billlast mention, presented and exhaustive resume of thesituation with respect to the Indians in New York, includingan historical outline of the origin and locus of the title to thelands within each of the several Indian reservations in thatState. No substantial change has occurred in the situationwith respect to any of these reservations since thesubmission of that report in 1914, and in order to avoidunnecessary repetition of the facts disclosed by that report, itis suggested that your committee consider the report heremade largely as supplemental to the one presented in 1914.

12. Attached to this affidavit as Exhibit F is a is a true copy of relevant

extracts from the 1939 Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior as it relates to

Indian tribes under federal superintendence, and of the referenced Statistical

Supplement to the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

4


13. In particular, Table III of the Statistical Supplement referenced in

paragraph 12 enumerates the Shinnecock Indian tribe as being among the Indian tribes

under the jurisdiction of the New York Agency of what was then known as the Office of

Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior.

Christopher H. Lund ing

Sworn to before me thisA4th~day of ov br2007

No. 1LIA61692MQlaimlfed in. Queens Couuiy

CwtI~ate on file in New York CiAlyMy Convaission Expires June 25.,)JQI

5


EXHIBIT A


84tu OoxjuNmss HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE DNo.90zX

REPORTS OF TIRE

DE PALRTMENT, OF THE INTERIOR

FOR THE VISCkL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30

1915

ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS

IN 2 VOLUNIS

VOLUME 1I

INDIAN AFFAIRSTERRITORIES

........

. : ,I It.I

/ '.1 I .

I- " i , f ;1,

III . ...

i Ui' 9-y - , N

WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOB :1916

. I " , I ,, : 1. I I . I


REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

Administrative report., in 2 volumes.Vol. L. Secretary 6f the Interior.

Bureau., except Office of Indian Affairs.Eleemosynary institutions.National parks and reservations.

Vol. II. Indian Affairs..Territories.

Report of the Commissioner of Education, in 2 volumes.

UL


CONTENTS

Pae..Repordtof thbo'Cmisinllof ndia Afanirsn.......... ....... .. ** I

Education..V'oca'1di ltrta i ............... .....

Indisp children in public sch o ols...................... 4School facilities fr-Papago Indiana, Arizona .......... *.... 5Navajo school facdi .....ti......s.. ... 6Inddistrinl work for girs ............... ::: 6Publibschools among the Ft-e 0iviltzed Tribes..:'... 6Returiied students' associtIlons .................. 6

Indian em ploym ent .......................... 7Natieifstives........................................*.. 7Laceemal c l ng...................... ....... 8The men efig eoflqur g........................... 8Health.. ... ......... ....... .. .. ........... 12Improved home conditions ....................................... 14

Employee.....s6..................9................... 15ReiiabursablefKund'........................................................... 17Farming byl Indiana............................................. 18

Schoof farms ............................................... 20Bacaton ex perimentation farm ................................. 22Fort Berthold demonstration farm............................... 23Experimentation............................................. 23

Stock rasiUng ................................................... 24The Competency Comnmission ..................................... 25Allotments ..................................................... 25

Allotment of Fort Bill Apaches.................................2?5Landies. Indiana in California ......................... ...... 25rateitu in fee ........................................ ...... 26Bale of Indian land .......................................... 26urhssof lands for certain Indians.................................27Mission la....d............................................ 27

Osage il an gaa~eazes..............................27Oil nd gs, Fve Cvilied Tibes.......................29

Fie ivliedTrbe...............................3a,Probate wok in Oklahoma ....................... 32Enrollment.sit Indian tyibes, La Pointe or Bad River, Win ............. 835Purlifcation of' Wht at M .) rolls.............................. 35White Earth land-fr.....e................................. 36Indian forests................... ............................... 836Menominee Reservation........................................... 37Inheritance cam ................................................ 388Courtidecilwa.................................................... 88ExhilbltlonIndians ....................................... ...... 40Debts of Indians.......................................... ...... 42Indian traders;.................................................. 42Individual Indian moneys......................................... 43Purchase of supplies............................................ 43Irrigation ..................................................... 44

liiainconstruction......................................... 44Uiiain of water .......................................... 46

Cooperative Irrigation ........................................ 48Wafer-rights protection........................................ 46

Leasing trbal lands.or grazin ................................ 47Field ini~~rovements ....................................... 48Tongue l~ver Reservation ................................... 480mg.......~~~~.......................................... 50New York Indiana ~ ......................................... 50

%6cky Boy's Band of Chippewa ................................... 50III


Report of the Commissionur of Indian Affairs--Continued.

Maritaale.a...n..

Tw imnal'caaee of Imp o rta n ce................ ....HiToW cawo...Ute judgment fund ...........................Indian exhibits at Panama-Pacific Exoiin..............Conhl usonn........................ .......statistical tables (for fiscal year ended ;une 30, 1916, unless otherwise

Poted):Table 1. Work and, force of indian'Offle~e since 1899 compared..

2. Indlan population ot the United States, 1915...3. Indiana under Federal supervision, allotted and 64alloied.4. Marriages, mil~son#riesa; churches, language, drews, citizen-

shp, cri es, mdemeanors ...............6. Areas of Indian lauds, plotted and unallotted ..............6. Allotments by reservAtions ..........................7. Reservations authority for establishing.................8. Lands set "aice tem f~arily for nilamlon organizations ......9. Patents InfeeI u to maiision organization .............

10. I ncomes 6otIndiabi .s..................... ... *...........11. Use of agiilt1iiralilands; faring, leasing ................12 Use'of grazing lands ;it4ock railnesin g PM ........

13. Comnparatlve statement of industria pursuits by Indiana,..14. Employmen~t of Indians .............................15. Vital statistics, housing and disease .......................16. Hospitals and sanatorla..............................17. I ndians self-suppoitn g, and those receiving rations and

mniaceilaneoususuppliN slued........................18, School pcpbatOnW , number in school, capacity ...........19. Schools 'location, enrollment, attendance...............20. -School libraries.....................................21, Schools, average Attendance and appropriations since 1876..22, Dembontration farms .......... I......................23. E~iperimenitation farmsna.................................24. or~ bn of liquor traffic ..........................

25. b nrsrain aMils, timber cut ............20. C ost of care and protec~in of' timber ...................27. Areas iri1iable and under projects, expenditures..........28. Miles, of ditches, use of irrlgated areas......... .........29. Alloteinilta approved and made........................s0o LandeaMi'j,"'hased for Indians in California ...............31L Sales 611of lottd labids ..............................32. Patentiiii fee issued................................33. Removal- of restrictions on allonationi of land......... . .34. Certificates of competency Issued under act of June 26, 1910.35. Certificates of competency Issued to Kaw and Osage Indiana.so. Lands leased foirmining, production ofminerals, androyalty.37. BuildfIngs erected....................................38. Buildings under construction ....... ........30. live stock belonging to INdians sold andalsIaughtered ....40. Goverxijient property valuations classified .............41. Properkty of Indians, tribal and indi-Adual, value .......42. Employees In Indian school aiid agency service .........43. Employees, miscellaneous, field...44. Employees in Indian Serice reaptlatin.......45. Appropi4ition's and disbursements for Ir41uda Service....46. Account of Commissioner of Inclian Affairs............47. Sales of Indian lands, receipts aned disbursements .........48, Treaty liabilities of thetUnited States to Indiana..........49. Receipts and disbursements of the Indian Service ........60. Pro rata shares of tribal trust funds settled ..............61. Funds of Five Civilized Tribesein banks ................62. Volume of business in Indian warehouses ...............63. Expense atwarehouse...............................

Supplies for the Indian Service ...................................

pae,$6161615162526469

616270

74798289

l08109110115120126130133138

141145J 52161164186186168167170172175178178179181183183183184186187189194198202204205205209210212213214214215215217

IT cownw".


60 ~~COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.

OSAGE.

Comparatively few of the Osage Indians live on their allotmentsor farm the land themselves, many residing in the. villages set asideby act of Congress for their use. To remedy this condition threeGovernment farmers have been assigned to this agency, and everyeffort possible is being made to get the Indians to live on theirallotments. It is estimated that about 190,000 acres of agriculturalland and 600,000 acres of grazing land, allotted to the Osage Indians,are leased, and it has been customary in the past for the allottees. tolease their land for farming and grazing purposes without submittingthe lease for approval. In some instances lease brokers have builtup an extensive business in leasing allotted lands, 'without depart-mental approval; this practice will be discontinued, and persons nowholding land without an approved lease are requested to submit theirleases for approval at once or they will be subject to removal astrespass,)rs. The total area leased for oil and gas purposes aggre-gates %44,673 acres. The total receipts from oil and gas during theyear aggregated $560,155.62. The total amount of oil run during thatperiod aggregated 7,476,209 barrels. We are making a strenuouseffort to better conditions generally at Osage.

NEW YORK INDIANS.

During the latter part of the calendar year 1914 a specific investi-gation was made into the present condition of these Indians and thestatus of their title to the lands now occupied by them, 'with the viewof evolving some suitable and effective plan for straightening outthe tangled affairs-of these people. The report of the investigatingofficer, an interesting and instructive paper, was submitted underdate of December 26, 1914. His report, with other data relating tothe Seneca and other Indians of the Five Nations of New York~ wasprinted as House Document 1590, Sixty-third Congress, third session.

ROCKY BOY'S BAND OF CHIPPEWA.

For several years this band of Indians has presented a difficultproblem to the Indian Office. Ak few of them were allotted on themost undesirable part of the Blackfeet Reservation, which they re-fused to accept, and have been in the habit of wandering about fromplace to place over the country thereabouts, sometimes in search ofwork, but generally subsisting upon charity.

Several months ago permission was granted for these Indians tolocate temporarily upon the southern part of the Fort AssiniboineReserve and to use the land for gardens and pasture for their stock.Implements have been purchased and a farmer appointed to assist

50


COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.

Michigan ..................Minnesota...................Mmissnippi ..................Missoun .....................Montana....................Nebraska....................Nevada........ ....1-11"....New Hampshire ..............New Jereey..................New Mexico.................New York ..................Norfth Carolina...............North Dakota................Ohio .......................

7,51411, 723-

1, 253813

11,3293, 9177,819

341688

'22,0076, 1858,0478,710

127

Oklahoma................Ogibn..................Itfode Island...............South arolina,.............Soiuith Dakota ..............Tennessee .................Utah ....................Vermont...................Virgini ...................WVaoh!4n: .................Woat Virginia..............Wisconsin..................Wyoming..................

TA.BuLH 2.-Indian population. of t11w Uniited 81(taes, exclusive of Alaska, .Tuve JO, 1915.

States, superintendlefCtes, and tribes.

Total pop)ulation ' ....................

Alabama: Not under egent .........

Arizona ..........................

Carap Verde Sohool ..............

Mohave.-Apeche ..............Tonto-Apache................

Colorado River ..................

Chemehuevi...................Cocopa........................Mohave.......................Mohave-Apaoho ..............

F ort Apsohe Sohool-White Moun.tnin Apache ..................

Fort Mojave School ..............

Chomehuovi...................Mohavo ......................

Ilnvasupal Behool-Ilavasupai ...Kalbab School-Kalbab-P'olnto...Leupp School-Navaho ...........

Moqul School ...................

Moqul (Ilopl) .................Navaho.......................

Navajo Sohool-Navaho 4......Plina school ....................

Marloopa .....................P'ima.........................OUla Blend Reservation, Papago..

Salt River School................

Maricopa......................MobaPo Apache................1'lma.........................

Sam Carios School 6.........

Cootero-Apsohe.......

Ban Carlos-Apacho ............Tonto-Apaclie................

TotalF.71pnU-

Mixed blood.

hOne. Lesshalf or jthanmore. Ihalf.

3313,010 1104,790 f102,%R7 I 80,452 (107,410 (173,747 1 48,372 60,07

42,336 21,622 20, 814 j16, 817123, 519 I42,012 178 146

21 210 205 1851 236 404 171.....265 I 135 130 122 143 257 ....156 81 76 63 93 147 ....

477_ 277 200 190 278 3981 is ci

00 40 2011 1.... I 9 27

402 234 10I 1 10 7 398 1is 610 3 2

2,388 1,177 1211 1, 190 1,108 2,304 ii1 73703 423 3101 272 401 763....... ........

148 75 73 68 S0 148......015 348 207 204 411 016.......

170 921 78 67 103 170.08 57 01 38 60 98I......

1, 700 889 811 433 1,207 1,700........ ...

4,103 2,20 1,08O 2,155 2,038 4,193....... ........

2,103 1,100 1,033 1,014 1,170 2,103 I. . .2,000 1,t)47 053 1,141 850 2,00 .. ...

10,000 6,400 4,600 3,800 6,200 9, 0101 06,200 3, 105 3,101 11,890 2,406 0,288 8

-279 130 143 129 150 279.......4,017 2,050 1,958 1 701 2 258 4,00 8 .D2,000 1,000 1,000 & ' 2,000 ...... ........

1,206 698 010 687 021 1,200 I 2.....

84 44 40 341 80 84........ ..236 128 108 92 144 234 2888 420 462 401 427 888......... .....

2,008 1,331 1,277 1,170 1,438 2,097 it F..004 320 284 282 322 002 2.....09 33 38 35 34 09....... ........

1,223 613 1110 538 W8I 1,210 7.....72 330 347 315 3497 710 2.....

I Includes 23,405 freedmen mid 2,582. Intermarried1 Wht%I C'orrect its reported by superintendents.I 1910 census.I Includes Indiaa In New Mexico under this school.

61Unknown.I 1914 report.

62

I'118,3Su6,481

284831

21,082216702

3, 21028

53911,423

369, 8891, 705

Maio. F0111810. Adults. FullI IMinors.I I blood.


COMMISSIONER OF' INDIAN AFFAIRS. 63

TABDLE 2.-Indian populaion of/the Unitedftaks, ezelusive of Alaska, Jute 30, 191-Continued.

Mixed blood.

States, superiutendencles, and tribes. popu- Male. Femsle. Minors. Aduls blod OI ehlf or than

Arizona-C-ontinued.San Xavier Sobool-Pspao.Truxton Canon Sohool-Waiapa.....Western Navajo Sehool ...........

Mogual (HOPI)..................Navaho.......................Paiuate........................

Arkansas: Not under agent .........

California.........................

Bishop Scbool-Palut~e, Shoshonl,and Moache ...................

Ceampo School ...................

~MissIlon Indians at Campo.....CuyspalJpe ....................

'ozaita...................

Diger Agen&oDir.......

PM L ....ver .................

Fort Yuma Bahool-Yuma .....Ureenville Sohool-Digger andWasbo........................

Hoopa Valley School .............

Hupa.....................LowerKlit.......

Malki School ....................

Mission Indians at Augustile-. ..Cabston ......................Martinez......................M1.qsion Creok..................Morongo ......................Palm Springs..................San Manual ...................Torres........................

Pals School .....................

Mission Indians at-Capitan Greande .........La Jolla................Pala .......................Paumay......................Peohanga,...................Rincon......................San Pasculal..................Syquan .....................

Roseburg(Oreg.School-ScattoredWtchumni~awlaPit tivor,and othersfn northern Califomlia..

Round Valley Sohool-Coneow andother tribes...................

Soboba School...................

Mission Indians at Cahutla ....Inaja .........................Los Coyotes ...................Mesa Grande ....... .........Santa 11080 ..................

4, 990474

6,550

2,400260

2,590214

3, 530

1,800192

2,839

3,100282

3,711

4,987464

0,5&50

it10

12

262 133 129 138 124 2 0 2.... .....6,098 2,787 3,31t 2,021 3,477 0,098....... ........

190 80 110 80 110 1900........ .......

480 ............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

15,034 7,143 6,891 3,300 5,262 8,744 3,457 1,381

1,345 885 600 459 888 1,078 1,58 III228 115 113 82 148 210 17 1

137 77 00 47 90 131 0.....8 4 4 8.8...........7 3 4......... 7.......8 2 4 2 4 0 .........70 29 41 32 38 58 ii I

53 25 28 22 31 27 21 5715 340w 375 284 451- 088 18 9

14 71 7 2 12 3 2 9200 1121 88 93 107 191 9.....Wi1 221 I 280 109 332 494 7.....

78 416 372 2133 505 758 23 7

1,;248 (I 'd3 13 ('170 01 27 108

435 211 I 224 160 209 187 230 18548 284 I 262 300 248 28 200 58204 114 150 103 101 135 97 32

612 333 279 220 392 548 30 3

15 101 8 7 11 18 ........ .......38 22! 10 14 24 38 ........ .......

114 67 47 32 82 100 .....18 Jo 8 8 10 10....... ........

233 i2l 112 97 130 177 22 3452 29 23 14 38 62 ........ .......50 30 20 13 43 5b..............85 44 41 37 48 85.......:::.......

936 401 475 331 0051 828 101 7

130 07 83 53 77 114 16.....240 124 122 89 157 242 4.....198 89 107 89 127 153 41 250 23 27 19 31 40 1.....

202 99 103 56 1415 194 8.....01 32 29 21 40 33 23 54 1 3 2 2 1 3.....

47 20 21 22L 25 42 5.....

5,000 2,5600 2,500 (3) (1) 3 2,500 8 1,875 80625

1,550m 780 704 633 917 85600 a 500 '400

=3 2 4 101 - 87 671 79 .113735128104co

I11910 census.

731877

115as8

I Unknown.

154174070)

411347851I)

002270

10905I

14001 I.....

I Estimatod.


64 COMMISSIONER OF" INDIAN AFF1AIRS.

TABLB 2.-Indian population of the United States, exdlurive of Alaska, lune 80, 1915-Continued.

Mixed blood.

Total FullStates, supelrIntmndenoles, and tribes. &Tou- ae eae io. dls blood. One. Lessition;. Hl.Fml.ina.Aut. half or than

more. hail.

Colifornia-.Continued.Sobobs Sohool-Contlnued.

Santa Yhex ..................Soboba......................Volm,........................

Tule River School ..............

Tule River....................Outlying dist.ricts.............

Colorado ........................

Southern Ut. School-Capote andMoache U te..................

Ute Mountain School-Capote andMoache U to..................

Connectiouti NO t under agent .....Delaware: Rot under agent ........Districtof Columnbia: Not undoragentFlorida: Seminole.................Georgia: Not under agent ..........

Idaho...........................

Coeur d'Alene Sohool............

Coeur d'Alene.................Kalispel .....................Kootenal ....................

Fort Ball School-Biannock andShoshoni.....................

Fort Lapwal School-Nez Perce....

Illinois: Not under agent ........Indiana: Not under ahent-Miami

and others .....................Iowa: Sao and Fox School-Bao andFox...........................

Kansas.........................

Kiolkapoo School................

Iowa ...................... "Kiokapoo ............ I..... ..Sao and Fox..................

Potawatomi School-PrairieBend of Potawatomin...........

Kentuoky: Not under agent .....Louisiana: Not under agent......Maine:- Not uinder agent. 4..........Maryland: Not under agent......Massachusetts: Not under agent ...

Michigan ........................

Day Mills School-Ch~ippewsa....

CMippesoa......................

Fond du Lao Sho 'ipe'Grand Portage Schout-ChiIppown..

I Unknown.

71136176

3873go 79 03

408982

1 61 641211 16176, .... ::::

824 345 279 70 82 140 12.....

152 89 63 70 .82 140 12.....472 250 216 (') (0) (0) 0) (0)

890 460 430 462 428 873 9 8

368 177 189 169 197 349 9 8

624 283 241 293 231 624....... ........

'152 .......... ........ ...... ........ ......'6 ................ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....08 ................ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....578 368 220 217 301 663 14 1' 95 ................ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

4,200 2,076 2,124 1,578 2,622 3,335 851 314

834 416 418 333 601 649 105 80

601 303 298 245 356 434 87 80101 65 46 39 62 101....... ........132 68 74 49 83 114 18.....

1,704 914 880 682 1,132 1,491 234 691,672 746 826 683 989 1, 19. 212 105

' 188 ................ ........ ........ ........ .......... I..

' 279 ............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....364 190 174 142 222 364....... ........

1,376 734 641 781 694 748 318 309

616 323 293 349 267 217 188 211

303 160 163 170 133 16 70 211216 126 90 131 85 187 29.....97 47 60 48 49 14 83.....

769 411 348 432 327 531 130 VS

'234........... ........ ........ ........ ........'780 ........ ........ ........ ........ .......892............ ....... ........ ........ ........'65.................... ........ ........ ........'688............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

7,614 690 657 818 729 209 621 617

250

1,097

'6,107

11,723

1,020318

125

6,874

522140

125

632

6,1149

498178

102

610

148

6811

.,651 0,172

610 504130 179

1910 census.

9 1 121

2.00 400

3,307 4,140

88 632318...

120

497

2, 64 I

402

..


COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. 65

TABLE, 2.-Indian population of the United sStates, exclueive of Atoeka, 7une 30, 1915-Continued.

Mixed blood.

Total FullStates, superIntendencies, and tribes. popu- Male. Female. Minors. Adults. blooid. One. Less

lation. b~~~~~~alf or thanmore. half.

, I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Minnesota--Continued.Leech Lake School ..............

Cass and WVinibigoshish......Leech Lake Pillager............White Oak Point (MWs.) Chip-

pewa........................

Nett Lake School................

Chippewa (Bois Fort)....Vermilioln Lake Ind~as .

Red Lake School-Rod Lake andPembina Chippewa ............

White Earth School..............

WVhite'Ear~h (MI S.) Chippewa...Misle LiiY(WAiOVal) ............Otter Tall Pil~dger .............Gull Lake (Miss.) ..............hi leo Lab (nopremoval).........L'oubln.Pl~agr.............

Leechi Lake (removal) ..........WVhite Oak Point (removal)....Fond du Lao (removal) .......Cass and Winibigoshish ....

Plpestone (Birch Cooley) hidewa-kanton and Wapauta, Siouxand Sisseton, andwalhpoton ...

Mtssissippi: Not under agent .....Missouri: Not under agent ..........

MNontana .........................

IBlackteet School-Blaokfeet.....Crow AgAency-Crow ............Flathea School- Confederated,Flathead......................

Fort Bl~eknap School .............

Assiniboin ....................COrosventre ....................

vort reek School-Fort Peck Sioux.Trongue River School-NorthernCheyenne............. ........

Nebraska.........................

0maha Sohool-Ornaha ..........Santee School ...................

Ponca ........................Santee Sioux ..................

WVinnebago School-Winnebago ....

Nevada ..........................

Fallon School ...................

Paiute at Yallon ...............Lovelooks .....................

Fort HoDermltt Sohool-Paluto....Hoops, R iver Sohool-Paiuto ....Nevada School-Patute ...........

11914 report.

8162 0-INT 1916--VOt

1,764 1 904 850 1 785 969 0m 1 97 04457 221 238 215 242 310 141 8

80s 412 396 351 454 462 330 13

492 271 221 219 273 221 228 45

626 291 334 292 &3.3 407 162 68

630 240 290 238 292 329 148 63

95 61 44 64 41 78 14 3

1,488 742 744 741 74M 2 2 26,'217 3,114 3,103 2,085 3,232 1,719 2,34S M,,O

2,359 1,208 1,1531,174 670 004

811 405 406410 215 222284 133 161416 222 103 2,985 3,232 1,710 2,318 2, 150272 122 160291 140 161110 63 4701 35 26

303 161 142 03 210 102 89 22

'313 ................... ........ .... ........

11,329 5,0659 6,070 6,225 6,104 6,660 2,845 1,924

2,724 1,350 1'849 1,2 1,302 1,222 1,147 3551,099 860 89 60 1,009 1,209 234 100

2,302 1,164 1,148 965 1,347 714 716 873

1,205 821 684 600 705 838 256 114

034 326 308 237 397 446 101 87671 295 270 203 308 390 164 27

1,943 909 074 1,022 921 1,141 453 349

1,450 709 747 036 820 1,378 41 37

3,917 1,948 1,9069 1,895 2,022 1,721 970 1, 228

1,313 674 639 660 653 I,020 110 1771,608 741 707 703 745 6591 464 483

329 164 175 204 125 89 138 1021,179 687 692 569 020 602 .310 3801

1,090 633 5603 472 024 110 400 560

7,819 3,971 3,848 2,328 6,491 7,030 578 213

37 210 21 132 35 412 12 1

324 183 101 90 22 319 5.....113 63 80 30 77 93 7 13

344 173 171 133 21I 330 14.....123 01 02 46 71 118 6.....008 200 340 203 403 4I.002....

' 1

2-53

Jnknown. I,1910 census.

II


66 COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRB.

TABLE 2.-Indian population of the United Statin, exclu~sive of Aloeka, JTune 80, 1915--Continued.

TotalFuStates, superintendenoles, and tribes. pou Male. Female. Minors. Adults. blood. One-

lation. ~~~~~~~~~~~hal oxmore.

NeVeda-Continued.Walker River Sobool .............. 707 333 374 323 3a4 630 71

Paiute ........................ 606 207 299 3 34 36 7Palute (Muson Valley) ........... 141 00 76 84 66 7

Western Shoshone School.......... 002 322 280 272 330 632 70

Paiute ...................... 293 168 135 128 1051 62 7Shoshoni ...................... 309 104 145 144 1051 62 7

Rteno,spocialagent .............. '15,000 2,600 2,400 1,220 3,780 4,400 400

Dlger1scattered California trlbes) 2,000 1,030 070Palute.............1,400 726 875 1,2 I8 ,0 0Shoshoni.................1,000 626 476 120 370 440 40Washo................ :. .. .... 600 326 280

Now Hampshire: Not under agent ... ' 34.... ........ ........ ........ .......New Jersey: Not under agent ........ 2 1688... ......... ........ ........ .......

New Mexico ....................... 22,007 11,159 10,848 11,331 10,070 21,679 347

.1icarilla Sohool-4icarilla Apache.. 642 339 303 276 867 642 ....Mesealero School-Mescalero Apa-

ehe ............................ 80 20 302 324 274 352 698 17Pueblo Blonito Soboo-Navaho,.. 2,715 1,325 1.390 1,367 1,358 2,715 ....

Pueblo Day Schools............... 8,421 4,378 4,043 3,778 4,043 8,021 330

Navaho........................ 358 174 184 174 184 358....Pueblo......................... 8,003 4,204 3,869 3,004 4,459 7,003 330

San luau School--Navaho ......... '8,8000 4,000 4,000 6,000 3,000O 8,000 ....Zuni School-IPueblo .............. 1,003 816 788 047 0560 1,603 ....

New York.........................06,185 3,011 2,814 -2,016i 3,209 5,825 ....

New York Agency ................ 5,825 3,1 2,814 2,010 3,209 6,825 ....

Cayuara.................... ... 182 83 99 80 102 182 ....Onef wa., .................. ... 243 123 120 87 160 243 ....Ononddaga................. 6540 277 272 210 339 649 ....

ena(Ailel n ........ 920 402 468 401 469 920 ....Menec (Cattar~augus1)-.......1,317 070 047 578 739 1,317 ....Seneca (Tonawanda)........ .. 600 276 225 206 295 600 ....St. RegisC~ (not a part of Six Na-tions)......................'11,609 g00 709 764 765 1,609 ....

Tuscarora ..................... :: 365 190 159 110 239 355 ....Montauk........................a Io 101 15is s 15 30 ....P'oospatuck ..................... '120 10 10 10 10 20 ....Shinnecock ..................... '1200 100 100 100 100 200 .

Not under agent ................ 4360 ................ ........ ........ ........ ...

NorthCaroina ..................... 8,047 1,182 1,029 1,147 1.004 1,328 3655

Cherokee School-Eastern Chero-kee ............................ 2,211 1,182 1,029 1,147 1,004 1,328 355

Not under agent.................. 5,830 ................ ........ ........ ........ ...

North Dakota ...................... 8,710 4,348 4,302 4,072 4,0G38 4,730 3,006

Fort Ilerthold School.............. .1,164 680 674 640 014 831 296

Arnkara........................ I 409 203 200 197 212 250 141Grosventre .................... .483 240 243 223 200 300 109Mandan......................... 202 137 126 120 142 215 48

I Estimated. $ Includes 183 Apache, 1913 Vort Bill removal.I21010 census. 4 1910 census, minus 2550 Montauk, lPoospatuclk, and Shinnecock.

I blood.

Leenthanhamf.

I.....

200

200

81

70

162

528

303

27

12J 1 14


COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. 67

TABLE 2.-Indian population of the United States, exdlu~ite of Alaska, June~ 80, 1915-Continued.

Mix~ed blood.

TotalElStates, superlutendencles, and tribes. ? Male. Formale. 1Mnoirs. Adults. bullo. Oe ~s

his! or thenmore. half.

North jbakota-Conjtiuiued.FortTottenSohool-Slsseton W~ab-

peoand Cuthead 6S1oux(known as Devils Lake Sioux) 0. 99 502 407 429 570 919 () I

standing ltook*.School-Slouxc....3,434 1,708 1,720 1,390 2,038 2,735 418 281Turtle Mountain School-Turtle

Mountain Chippowa ............. 3,123 1,658 1,505 1,707 1,410 171 2,952.....

Ohio: Not undor agent .............. 2127 ............................. ........ ........ ........

Oklahomia......................... 118,358 8, 429 8,408 7,950 8,887 35;952 15,300 44,0636

Cantonment School................ 782j 419 303 339 4413 729 37 18

Arapaio ...................... 2.40 129 Ill 107 133 230 10.....Cheyenne ..................... 6542 290 2.52 232 310 499 27 18

Cheyenno and Arapaho SohoolI....1, 253 030 6123 634 7.19 033 221 99

,%rapaho........................6521 259 202 240 281 397 71 63Cheyenne....................... 732 371 301 294 438 530 1W0 40

Kiowa School .................... s.J.1101 2,102 2,2.18 2,109 2,211. 3,213 808 389

Apache......................... 177 81 onComanche ...................... 1,523 702 701Iciow ......................... 1,500 712 788 2,199 2,211 3,213 808 389Wichita find Caddo............. 1,123 659 504IApache prisoners................ 87 48 390 ___

Osngo School-Osage............. 2,195 1,1l3( 1,05 800 1,388 838 1,357 ....Otoe School-Oto mid Missouri .... 470 246 231 254 222 420 41 9Pownco Schtool-Plawlnce........... 0710 322 357 344 335 520 120 33Pon1ca school ...... .............. 1,010 515 405 590 411 307 400 207

Kow ......................... 3 338 183 1 55 25 7 R I 101 27 207P'onca ......................... 022 I 300 31(0 321 301 250 372.....Tonkawa ....................... 30 20 2-1 2 1 29 4 3 7.....

lied Moan School-Choyvnrie.....155 I 80 78 O 10 155......... ......Site and Fox S&hool ... :...........07 331 3 753 3611 3Z0 411 1.12 134

Iowa ......................... 87 39 48 38 40 40 4 1.....Sao. and Fox ~ ...... 0....... 295 305 32(1 274 305 101 134

Seger School ...................... 593f 280 311; 252 311 533 i8 42

Arapahto...................... 148 05 83 07 81 131 7 10Cheyenne ..................... 4, 215 210 185 2W1 402 11 32

Sencec School .................... 1,1108 0791 1,019 1,0(0 OlD 140 509 1,349

Elistern 811tiwnco ................ 131 54 77 71 70 5 05 01Ottawa ..... i................... 273 147 J20 1r3 120) 4 44. 225Quapaw........................ 331 159 172 170 151 04 24 213Senecat.......................... 416 202 213 210 205 18 274 128Wvyandot ....................... 465 280 210 215 2.10 1 28 420]Pcoria-l~Mini 4 (citiznj) .......... .303 181 212 2.10 103 18 74 301

Shawnee School ............ ...... 2,590 1,327 1,272 1,157 1, 4," 8t12 1,311 42.3

Absbittoo Bhawnco ............... 455 225 2.10 172 2,M 410 33 7CItizen Potawatotinl.......... ... 1,700 027 8691 021 875 110 1,270 416Arcxeien ic knkpoo ........... ..... 318 175 1731 Ni 281 342 .....

Five CIvIlized Tribes .............. 101,1521 ............. .............. 20,789 10, 393 41,03.1

I Included in full blood.2 1910 censtis.I Increase due to revision of Kaw comstus.* 1014 report: flow cItizens, 11o longer under Jurisdclt Ion of Quapaw Agmncy.* Increa~sedl roll due o Icat. of Congress, Auig. 1, l01ll.


68 COMMISSIONEJR OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.

.TABnLis 2.-Indian population of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, June SO, 1916--continued.

Mixed blood.

Staessuprinsudncls, nd ribs.Total osAdlsn)Stats, uperntedeniesendtribs. opu Mae eae Mnos dltblood. One. Lesslaotlon. aeFeae f half or than,

more. half.

Oklalxoma-.Continued.Five Civilized Tribes-Continued.

Cherokee Nation ..............

By blood ...................By Intermarriage .............Delawares ..................Freedmen ...................

Chickasaw Nation..............

Ily blood ....................By Intermarriage .............FrI~dmen ..................

Choctaw Nation................

By blood; ...................

Freedmen.....,.............

ssyblood........r...........Freedmen ...................

Cremoek Nation ...................

By blood ....................

Freedmen ...................

Oregon ...........................

Klemath Sehool ..................Roseburg Bohool-Beattered In-dians on pUbio domaIn ........

Siletz School!~:Claoksmns, Ro UpRiver Sahtfikmii letz (conred.erated), UmpqUa, Hapats Lake,and YamhIlli.......

Umatitta Sho-aue rstitll, and WValla Wails .........

Warm Springs Sehool-Wasco,Tonino, and Paiute ............

Rhode Island: Not under agent....South Carolina: Not under agent-.

Catawbas, Cherokee, Oneida, endothers ...........................

South Dakota ....................

Cheyene River Sohooll-Blaokleet,Minlonjou, Sans Are, and TwoKettlo Bioux..................

Crow Creek School-Lower Yank-tonal Sioux...................

Flandreau School - FlandreauSioux........................

Lower lrulo School-Lower BruteSioux ..... Sio..... x......

Pine Ride Bebool-OglahisIU .Rosebud Chool-RosbdSliou..Sisseton School-B Sseton and Wah.-peton Sioux ....................

Yankton School-Yanktou Sioux..

Tennessee: Not Under agent......

41,824 ................ I........I.... 8,703 4,778 23,424

30,432280...............8,703 4,778 23,424187

4,919 ............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

10, 900 ............. ........ ........ 1,615 900 3,823

6,0596-46.................1,6515 900 3,M2

4,002 ........ ........ ........ ........ .................

.20,828............. ........ ........ 8,44'1 2,473 10,882

17,8101: V............. ........ ........ 8,4414 2,473 10,8821,6006,020 ................................ .......... ........

18,778 ............. ........ ........ 06,873 1,098 3,396

it,907 ............. ........ ........ 06,873 1,098 3,3006,809. ................. ..............................

3,127 ............. ........ ........ 1, 2.54 478 409

2,141........ ........ ......... . .1,264 478 409980 ............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

8,481 3,161 3,330 1,461 2,030 3,881 1,008 932

1,146 646 800 407 078 872 254 19

3,000 1,600 1,600 (t) (1) 1,600 1,126 376

426 220 199 195 230 200 208 17

1,162 539 013 470 070 681 60 621

759 341 4118 313 440 731 28.....

' 284 ............... ........ ........ ........ ........ ....

2 331 ............... ...................... ........ ........

21,082 10,611 10,671 9,016 11,487 12,5602 6,690 2,930

2,708

955

282

1,319

457

149

li M NIs7,2.20 B.,0396,519 2,763

20,053 1,0111,811 870

'1210.....

Teas: Not tunder agent ......... .......702

Alabama.......................a 1.....Koosati, Sonilucie, Isleta, andothers..........................'1610.....

I'Unknown. ' 1010 0ensus.

1,360

493

133

2383,0012,756

1,012974

1,218

367

90

2203,4182,482

807O11

1, 400

688

2663,8223,037

1, i80033

1,755

702

233

4, 7323,148

807879

409

210

40

2001,672

870014

484

43

36...936771

310351

2 $IV-0ill ngentl's reporl, 1910.

I


COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIII. 6 9

TABLie 2.-Indian population of th~e United8tate8, exclusive of Alaaka, .June.10, 19 15-Continued.

States, siiporlntendencles, and tribes,

Utah ... .............

Shlvwlts School-Palute ..........Ulntah and Ouray Agency .....

Uinta Ute ....................

Salt Lake-Under special agent-Palute and

others.......................

VTermont: Not uinder agent .........Virginia: Not uider agent .........

Washington .....................

Colville School--Confederated Col-villle ........................

Cushmen School.................

Chehialis ......................Mluckleshoot..................Nlsq~ualli ....................

koomilsh ...................Squaxon Island ...............

Unattached ..................

Cowlitz ....................Clallam....................L'uyallup .............Various other India'n's....

Neali Bay School................

Hoh ..........................Maeli .......................Orette ......................qulleute .....................

Spokane School-Spoken .........Taholeh School.................

Queets River Reservation.....

Qulleu1te ...................quitnolet...................Snoqualrnle.................

Qulirwlelt Reservation-Quinnlelt

Tulalip School...................

Lummil.......................Susquarnish ..................Hwinormlsh....................Tulalip remnants o1 manny trIbesand bends)..................

Yakima School-ConfederatedYakimia......................

Not under agent ................

WVest Virginia: Not uinder agent....t UnkuOW]

i!iPotal

)wotn

3,210

1331,161

44439282

Mfale. IFeinale.I Minors. Adiltd Fbloo

878

64583

202210165

916

69578

238223117

48 85401 700

f 4611 700

1,693

133

1,080

.1,060

Mixed blood.

One- Lesshalf or thanmore. hailf.

80 21

80 21

600 231 289 (I) () 500 .... ....

21, 416 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .

'26 ... .. .I.. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .

1142 ,649 5,781 4, 294 5,426 7,586 2,518 1,248

2,468 1, 198 1,272 1,124 1,344 1,482 455 5312,330 1, 104 1,168 256 375 1,421 884 225

99 58 41 42 '5 8 31.....161 73 88 62 99 127 33 183 47 36 25 63 53 20 10210 95 115 90 120 133 89 877 41 38 38 41 40 31 6

1,700 8501 850 ......... 1,000 500 200

490 240 20 1537 301 2361....... 1,000 600 200372 190 182301 119 182

70 370 332 309 393 650 48.....

60 20 24 17 33 50 .........408 209 199 198 210 364 441.....17 8 9 ... ... 17 17.........

227 127 100 9 133 225 2 .....

oil 293 318 261 350 410 57 1448W 393 407 303 497 649 232 19

68~ 3.1~ 34 2 48 87 1 .....24 11 13 S 21143 22 21 17 26~ 67 1.....1 1....... ........ I

732 369 1 373 2831 449 482 231 191,273 640 633 6ON 687 857 369 f 7

469 24 229168 85 83I207 10 006 G 087 857 359 67

429 23 1 __ - _ _

3,148

'93

' 36a.

1,493 1,6653 1,346 1I, 00

I 1910 census.

2,191 883 272


'70 COMMISSIONER 01F INDIAN AFFAIRIS,

TABLNI 2.-TInlirn population of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, .Tiune 80, 1915-Continued.

States, super Inten(Ioneie3, asud tribes.Tosid

PMpt-Ca lio.

- 'I -.

Wisconsin ......... .....

Carter Agency-Potaxvatoml ....Haywrd BhoolChippewa, Lao

Keshens Sc h o ol....... .....

M~enominee....... .....Stookbridgo and Munsee I ....

Lao 4l, Fiambeau School-Chip-p o wia~.......... .....

La Pofinte School-ChIppewva atBad River ...................

Oneida School-Oneida ..........Red Cliff School-Chippews ....Tomah, School-Wisconsin Barnd of

Winnebago...................

Wyoming ........... :.............

Shoshone School ................

Arapaho .....................Shoslioni .....................

M11l0.

9,988 I 5,082

3091 '174~1,2.592,338

1,730606

708

S 1,0402,491

505

1,2413

1,70.5

1,705

I Now citizens.

6251,237

922315

338

5311,208

288

613

871

871

lPcninio. Hinnr4. AltsI blood.

4,807 3,854 ) 4,70213 i 1 77 1 232

6.:141,099

808291

388

6091, 195'-

237

630

834

834

4421 429429 1405

I Unknown.

6551,052

7782741

258

4821,197

263

(5)

789

789

414375

7041,284

052332

448

6781,294

252

(1)

916

916

457459

1,817

300

562433

433(2)

480

50

(5)

1,219

1,249

765484

Mioed bloodl.

One. -Weshlu or than~

4,052 I'-1,271

851885

885(I)

160

4002,491

395

(5)

250

250

97153

46432

432(I)

96

590

107

(I)

206

206

9197

a'As reported.

TARILII 3.-i-ndians under F ederal 8 upervision- Unallotied and holding trust andjfeepatents, Ju-ne 80, 1915.

Btates and suporintendoncles.

Total, 1915 .....................1914 ......................1913......................1912......................1911 ......................19012 .....................18902 .....................

Arizona..............................

Camp Verde ......................Cotomdo River....................Fort Apache......................Fort Mojave ......................Havashpal........................Kalbab ..........................Leup.......... .Moq~l ...........................

SnXavijo.....................Pruxta..C.no....... ....Wslt IiernNvo.....................Salioni C...r ..o .....................

CaLifoprn ...........................

Campo...........................Digger ...........................

TotalIndiansunder

Federalsuper-vision.

Allotted.

Totalallotted.

-I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

300,011307,891307), 1333am,0302901,320247,522230,437

182,280180,006183,7.:12177, 020104,2168.1,8531s:,168

Holdingitrust orrestricted

feepatents.

08,2080

10, 411788, n182

IH1lding fee patents

Part of al- Entire al.lotinent. llotment.

_______ ,0 1 -- -- 17 I1. 30l

421

2,38870317009

1,7004,103

10,0008,2981,2032,6084,9900

417.18,550

10,031

1,315228CS

799. ii

2,700.ia

2,013...238....

...... iii.

...... ia.

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........1,142

790.... i;iW......... I..........

2,140

234....................

t Inoludes fee patents for pinit of their nilotment. OnyIesrord. 91rprt

21,023,0131, 420

1,028

1i09,01870,004

176, 033

Unal-lotted.

120,379

121,233120,87612, 780

421

981,7004,103

10,08,010511

409

2,20047-1

8,550

7,121

.1,10922863

I

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

......... I

...........

..........

772

2....................

I Only Items reported. 8 1914 report.


COMMISSIIONER OF~ INDIAN AFF"AIRS$. 7 1

TAByL 3..--ndians under Federal supervision- Unallotted and holding tru-st (zndjfeepatents, ,Tune 80, 1915-Continued.

Btates and superintondenclos.

California-Continued.FOtt, BiIdwell.......................Fort Yua ........................Oreenville.........................Hloops Valley.....................Malki .............................Pala ...........................Round Valley.....................Soboba ..........................Tube River .......................

Colorado.............................

Southern Ute .....................Ute Mountain ....................

Florida: Seminole ....................

Idaho ...............................

Cceur d'A lone.....................Fort Hall ........................Fort Lapwai......................

rows: Sao and Fox ...................

Kens...............................

Klokapoo ........................lPotawatoml......................

Michigan............................

Bay Mills ........................hiackinao.........................

Minnesota...........................

Fond dii Lao .....................Grand P'ortage ....................Leech Lake .......................Nett Lake. ......................1'lpestone (Birch Cooley) I ............Red Lake ........................White Earth......................

Montana ............................

Blaokfeet ........................CIOw ...........................Flathead .........................Fort Belknap .....................Fort Peck ........................Tongue River.....................

Nebraska............................

Omaha ..........................Santee ......................Winnebago..................

Nevada..............................

Fallon ........ ......Fort MaDermil't.'........Moapa River......................Nevada ..........................Walker River .....................Western Shoshone.................Reno, ipedial agent ................

1 1914 report.

TotalIndiansunmdor

Federalsuper-vision.

I--

71578.8

1,0001,2.15

012938

1,6b50938824

890

36652.1

VI78

4,200

Allotted.

TotalAllotted.

171720180810

552

195

3,121.

Holdingtrust orrestricted

feeputonts.

171

799

6.50

Hold iN foe patents

Part of &lI-Entire &Ilotniont, I lotnment.

195I.........

....ii*.

.?.......j:.. .- . .2,919 79 123

Unal-lottod.

61408

850435612062998%38624

695

524

578

1,079

834 560 485 41 341 274,794 1,0O3 1, 683 ..... ..... lit

1,672 878 761 38 89 694

384 .. . . .. . . .3.84.. . . .. . . .

1,376 750 (330 St Go 025

616 305 201 11 33 311759 445 3001 40 36 314

1,347 323 3 21 ......... .......... 1, 024

260 250 260 .................. ..........1,007 73 73 ......... .......... 1,024

11,723 8,020 1,869 a 3,149 6,697

1,020 288 250 a 16 762318 318 307 ....... 1.I.........

1,754 950 930 16 80i626 299 298 1 ...... 320303 '84 84............ .......... 219

6,480... .................... .......... 1,468,217 ',0. ...... .......... ':3,107 11,110

11,329 7,430 7,072 38 320 a,899

2,724 '2,420 22,424 1 I 2981',69 1,I319 1,276 6 38 3802,302 1,929 1,620 28 281 3731,205........ .... ............... 1,2051,4943 1,750 i1,753 3 ...... 1871,458................. .......... ........... 1,4568

8,917 1,441 745 60 61(6 2,478

1,313 617 308 18 291 0961,608 448 208 20 220 1,000X,096 376 2211 12 135 720

7,819 1,480 1,463 3........... 6,353

4373441236000707602

5,000

324 324 .........91 01.........

110 110 .........

361 51...... :

I Overestimated last year.

11325313

006366(302

4,410

....................

..........

..........

..........

... I.... i .


9 0V~OM ~lO~L )~ INDIAN AFFAIRS~.

TA n im 3.-Indiane under Federal suspervision'-Una llatted and holding truat andceepatents, Aun JO, 1915-Continued.

Hldlo~in~foepitents

Part of 81.! Entire al.lotmont. ilotaicnt.

�1 I I 1'

Now Mexico .........................

Jicauilla..........................hlescalero ........................Pueblo Bonito ....................Pueblo day school..................Ban Juan .........................Zuni.............................

New York: New York Agency ..........North Carolina: Cherokee ..............

North Dakota ........................

Fort Borthold..................Fort Tottoi........................Standing Rock ....................Turtle Mountain ..................

Oklahoma...........................

Cantonment ......................Cheyenne and Arapaho.............Five Civilized Tribes ...............Klowa...........................Osage ...........................O too ............................Pawnee..........................Ponca ...................... .....Red Moon........................8ao and Fox......................Seger ............................Seneca...........................Shawnee .........................

Oregon ..............................

Klamath .........................Rloseburg ........................Shaetz............................U~matilla .........................Warm, Springs ....................

South Dakota ........................

Cheyenne River ...................Crow ('reek.......................Flandreau........................Lower lBrule......................Pine Ridge .......................Rosebud.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........Sisseton..........................Yankton .........................

Utah................................

22,007 534

Unal-lotted.

21,473

042 834 534 ........... 108626 .. . . . .. . . . .*.. . . .. . . . . 826

2,715 (') ........... ..... 2,7158,421 ...................... 8, 4218,000 ................. .8,0001 , 6 03..... ..... ..... . 1,603

5,825 . ,822,211 . 2,211

8,710 7,711 0,872 224 818 0999

1,164 980 904 16 1 1749O9 608 468 26 16 491

3,434 3,399 3,242 92 06 353,123 2,824 2,188 92 634 209

117,905 111,331 7,807 899 102,0625 6,63

782 409 308 3 38 3731,253 656 625 62 88 698

101,521 101,621 ......... .......... 1101,621.........4,410 3,1Wo 2,087 69 114 1,2502,195 1, 9'l9 1,491 429 ...... 276

4178 3'11 179 122 20 165079 310 208 19 23 389

a 1,010 832 673 68 3 378166 ice 102 1 6..... 2087 287 180 43 44 420593 341 311 12 18 262

4 1,805 791 -169 ...... 632 8142,699 901 664 93 144 1,898

11,481 3,772 3,464 8 310 7,709

1,145 696 670 ...... 20 849*8,000 2,000 1,986 .... 14 6,000

428 213 il11 9 2121,162 540 381 ............ 179 012

769 423 420 ..... 3 330

21,082 17,839 10,230 1,121 488 3,243

2,708 2,612 2,441 36 38 190965 955 915 6 35 .........282 ...................... 282481 481......... 8 49 .........

7,240 8,582 8,003 500 68 8785,619 8,484 6,160 92 242 352,053 996 588 342 86 1,0671,844 849 709 133 7 995

1,794 86 69 1 2 1,132

ShivwIts ........................ i,~: 5Salt Lake, spei gn 6W .... . ..... .....

230 erionh6usly reported last fear.3',182 rstriced aIans i as to a Janation.

aIncreas due to revision of Kaw census.4 Decrease due to 393 Peoria-Miami Indians becoming citizens.*Includes 5,000 In California.*Overestimated last year.

I.....i133499500

iSilatos nnd su~perIntendoncies.

Allotted.

TotalIndianunder

Federal Totalallotted.

Holdingtrust orrestrinted

foepatonti.

634 1..........


00MMISSIONFMIR OF INDIAN AF"FA1IRS. 73

TAB LE 3.-Indiana under Federal supervi~ion- Unallofted and holding trtut and fiepatent., June 80, 1915--Continued.

TotalIndians Holdingteepatents Unal

States and superlntendenoles. udrHolding Ro- otted.Fdrl Total trUs9t orW;Z.alloted.rustrkited~ allotted. fee Part of al- Enire al-

patents. lotment. lotmnent.

WVashington ........................... 11,330 ' 7,266 7,08 83 125 4,064

Colville............................ 2,468 2,348 2,320 19 12..... 0Cusblnan I......................... 2,330 171 163 4 4 2,188Noah Day..................... 702 295 295............ ....... 407Spokane...................... 611l 511 472 4 36 100

Taholah ~ ~ ~ 80 08 60.......................... o M a .... i ... . 194Tulallp ............................ 1,273 202 189 1 1 1,071Yaima ........................... 3,146 3,133 3,034 25 74 13

Wlscomsqf~.............................9,88 3,061 1,653 85 1,428 5,585

Carter...............................30 .......... .......... .......... .......... 8SWHay-ward, (Lao Courts, Oreille)......... 1,259 ' 562 650 2..... 707Keshena....................... 2, SU 4606......... .......... 'I806 1,730Lao du Flamibeau .............. 706 360 350 ..... 10 846La Pointe.................... 1,040 5345 1 45 6Oneida........................ 2,491 912 75 76 761 1,579Red Cliff........................... 505 126 120 6 .. 379Tomah ............................ 1,243 (*) (*) (0) () ()

WyomIng: Shosbane.................... 1,705 1,477 1,456 21 19 2288

11400 l~neos~yepgtLd a alotedunder Cushman last year.'I omed Incudo Iniansundr Tholah.'Overetimatd las year


EXHIBIT B


63D ouss HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. IDoctnwrx3d &iawn. ~~~~~~~~~~o. 1590.

SENECAS A1NDI OTHER INDIANS OF THE FIVE NATIONSOF NEW YORK.

LETTER

7ROii

L r~~~~~~~~~~HE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR,

EEPOBtTS OF THE nMTRIOD. DEPARET2=NT AND TEE DEPAHThIENTOF TESTICZ ON A BILL (H. R. 18735) TO SETTLE THE AFFAIRS OFTHE SENECAS ANfl OTHER INDIANS OF THE FMV NATIONS INTHE STATE OF NEW YOBX~.

Fassiiry~ 12, 19151-Ordered to be printed us a House document.

DEPARTmE1-r OF THE I-,rEEioR,Mr DAR M. STFHE~. I aveWashiiigtooa, Septembier 24, 1914.AlyDEA'-kR. TE~E:.Ts.I hvethe honor to acknowledge receipt

of your letter of September ie6, 1914, transmit ea ong f H. R.IS735, providing for an allotment in severalty olfloa Ini'an lands inthe State of New York. I note that you have also forwarded a copyof the bill to the Department of Justice.

As the wording of the biUl will disclose, tbe situation respectingthe Indian lands'in New York is somewhat peculiar. AccordinglyI have taken the matter up with the Attorney General in order toobtain his views with reference thereto, and at a later date I ahallbe pleased to furnish you with further report for the inlornmation of

' ~ your committee.Cordially, yours, A. A. JoxEs,

First Assistant Secretary.Hon. Jon-, H. STEHN'rs,

laoirmown Commite ont Indian Affairs,Hou~se of Represenfratives.

I:


2 RENECAS AND OTHER INDIANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW YORK.

A BILL Aothisroio ibs Ulit-met Ia sneralty of Indianloads to NcO Yok slats. so tt Oifir-

Be i1 renoeed bc, the S-ote and Hotsea of RZIentire efhst ofie Ill Uiced Statesa ofAinis-in Congress eaen-ibled That the Attorney crnerall be. anid be hereby is, authorizedand directed to institute such suit or suits as may be necemicry in the Federal courtsof the United Stoles to test the validiri- and extent of the claim Of the so-called OgdenLand Company in and to the land, embraced within ant- of tie Indian rerervationsin the Ststo of You- York

Sac. 2, That ihe Seneca 'C~ation, being a corilorste body under the las of theState of New York hlI mpprirate rslutitio. sgi-td to fri a iniiority of thy moom-hors, of the corporate lsod on which rosolution all the adut, ttmlmbers. both mialeand fmale of the Siemca Nation shall have the right is iotl niav ruonet to a div.sion of their landa in 'ct-erltv and may authortac, the president of the

t,-Pica 'Nation

to execute tribal or corporate deeds fo~r particular tracts of land to tindividual moot-heris of the tribe as horeinaftor provided. said de,-de to he stimed by the presidentof said Seneca 'notion. attested to under the neal of die corporate body by the socre-

tgof said nation. and approved by the Secretary of the Inatreur"TC~ 3. That the Secretary of the Interior he, and he herebyv is authorized toapoit a eaaso conislin of three Members. one of whom shall represent the

ItroDepatment, our tb ,eneca 'nation Of Indians. and the third to repiresentdie State of'ew York, to bse designated by the eoi-rs fsi utshrttapproval by fbe Secretary of the Interior 'Tho curnnuimian so oppolated shall) con-stritet a hoard for the pureps of ap daao d'vding~ and allotting in severaltv thesurface of the linds of the Seec IndiansM New' ork, which diivoitn or allisimentihall be basedon an average value ofthe allottabiloalndi tobhoi'-retrimedbhidividinc

the total number of membersof the tribe entitled to allctmenot itot the total value ofthe turfice of t0s' tribal lanids of the Seneca Nation subject to allutment, a' herein-after provided The improvemeot oen any% of taid illottiblis lands placed thereo.nby iodividual me-mbers of told nation entitled to allotmeat. or otlherwise owned bythem shall not be included to any apprai-enient authorized herebyv. nor shall Thr

oig icaeftrane. Or inimlir decpits of a metalliferou! or nanniet~lhlerius untirebe included in said aphpraisenenet, such deo~sits being hereby reserved f,ir tie benefitof the tribr at fIrte and subject. to lease for their benefit, aso now pro' idrol hi lonAny and all liand; heretofore occupied by or used in connection with nov ichnul,church, imsr-ionirt, religious-, cemetery, *administrative, or other tribal or gocern-.mental purpooes shill ant be aptitoised, hut all ot rich linda are hereby specificullyreservedfrom allotment heretunder Such additional land as in the judgment of th'ecommission mns% reraonably he needed for f uttire use for schuol, church. misionary.relogious, cemetery, odminiiistrotive, or Other tribal rc tovernmeontol purixioea hliollnot be included in the appiroisemoiri provaded fir herein, and the Secretar. of theIntenior is herelbt autloioned to witlhheld such loud front allotment or othcr diajo-0sitiOn The lands included in the vtllngea of NVindalio, Cairrllton, Great ValleySalamanca, W~est- Silamanca, and Red House, the e-tabli'litiiet of which Wit' hadunder the act of February nineteenth eighteen hiindr'-d aud '-venty-fivoe (isht-ew~hStatutes at Lorz" iage three htiidr-d mnd thtrtx,L- ot oa, o-lther lei~nllr C"is'i.iiiVd

vilaseortoos ~,ii ot e ncldedinsai stlsa~o~mot The member, of if

emplyod nod-a dditon fieetiaat ll h alowedt'iir ctitalh aecsdrr trot elritexpeses insedig slepig-ca fae. bt rclu-ive of suit'ctr~ce Said canmisanaton byand iththeapprvalof he Screaryof the lIiterior, sand at such roumpen.totia asmaybe fxed y hm ma empoy uch Clerk-s. survey wa. ttmber trul-ery,or oherasi'ant as ay e neea'rt t caryout the provisioo' of ibis act

Sac.4. hatthecomisoln athotee tobe created hereby bshll prepare orcause to be lirepared a roll, subiert to alproval by the Secretary of the fnterlershowing the snbership of the S-ni-ica Itudain, In the Sitoi of Ne- York enitilddfo ehare iti the distrnbution of the tribal or corporate assets and on comlletioi cof theappsss rot 2aidfascertainment of the standard i-atti tI aii aflotietcrahsii-

hrshotthe-eaf surh commin'ion shall proceed to allot in severalty to the mitidvidual members of such atitoii such "eat or n-acts- oi ]laud withnith Ale aii tdCattaraugus PRef.,ri atiuiis in. said State as mtie be cuftit-ated. Imiproved ocru iedor selectod by each iudtvidttal members. in such arous hostever as Oct to oncned tltoetandard vajlue ef Oni nllotment. 130ertiois for Minor huldren chiall lie nude lt,their par-ents and selectionas for orlbana shill be Miade by theo mtiiisiroii to i.e.appointed hereunder. No porson who is tnot iii beinig at theutme of allotrueut by thtcommiusseio shall be gives an arirlginent of loud.

Sec 5, That indeividuail metrileusr c-f the Seiie-a Tribe dio-ieig to acquire more I andIthan repretenied by thu standard value of ah aflltmneut as fixed by oaid ckiiiiaIWON

SENECAS AND OTHER INDIANS, FtVE NATIONS OF NEW YORK. 3

May., With the consent of the Secretairy of the Interior and under such roles andregulations as ho mayt presoritbe, purchiae "allottment rights" from other members ofthe hand deasrinig to'sell All moneys received from the sale of such rights shall be

de siedi ome suitable hank or banks to the credit of the party sel1mg such rightssadsal uoebject to all the rules and regulationa goveraing the land in of indi-

tiduni Indian moeay The commission created herehy shall keep a complete recordof all scur sales and iliall procure from the individuala selling ouch -allotment rights'"an acknowledgment in Proper form that the tale thereby made is a full and coplteeatai~gUi~h~met Of the right of die peesou therein named to share in the lnds og theSeneca Nation, except euch as may he otherwise reserved under the pruvisions ofthis act.

SEC. ft flat the Secretory of the Interior shall cmeo to he prepaced and furnished- foe use of the cosmit.-iort a form of tribal or corporate deed which, in addition to

reciting die claim or preemption right of the so-called Ogden Land Comnpony (shouldsuch claim he recognsized by the courts), shall further recite the retention is'the tribest large of the oil, cms, limestone, and other deposita- of a rimilar nature as provided tnsect ion three boreol. Such deeds shallalso recite thatthe lando thereby allottedsh-allnet he subject to leaise tale, mortgage, alienation. taxtation, or any other encumbrancofor a period of twenty-five years from the date thereof without the content of theSecretary of the interiur, ag hereinafter provided. After approval of the tribal orcorporte deeds as herein provided the tudis-idual allottees of tha Seneca Baud maylesi their allotments mode hereunder taor t erm, of not exceeding ten years for agei-cultural or gauting purposes, under ruch roles and regulations ms the Secretary of -theInterior mas) prescribe.

Sat. 7. Thnnt during the twenfy-five-year trust period the land of any individualallottee, with the conseat of each oallottee, or his heirs in case of death, may again hea~ppcaired and ofiered for rile under each rutles- and reglstions as the Secretary of thelaterior may prescribe. If it should be found by the coasts that the Ogden andCompnsity to called har a preference right to purchase the lands of the Indians of theSeneca fiatito, mcainivtiduatdil allotments as may be offered for tale hereunder thallIbe so offered as to give the said Ogden I~and Company, its successors or assigns, aperiedof ninety days Within which to exercise its preference right to firat purchase. Sh oldsorb right not be exercised hr raid company, its tarcesoora or amsIgns, during eachninety-day period the right of.iuch company, its succe.ssors or assigns, to first puirchasechaDl thereb, and thereupon become forfeited, and the lands en offered for sial maybe eold to the highest and best bidder.

Szc 8 That upon aprosval by toe Secretary of the Inteoner of the tribal or cor-poaedeeds in aeverifty on he~rein provided the patentees aimed therein olsil

thrb become citizens oldihe United Slates and amenable to the laws of the UnitedStates end of the Stafte Or Territory where such allottfea may then reside

SEC. 9. That all of the loands in any and all of the Indian retecrations in the Stateof 'New York ore herebyv declared to be "Indian country' within the meaning of theoct of June tliirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four (Frourth Statutes, at Lar'e pageseven hundred and twiutr-oine), and all the liaw of the United States proLfaif tgthe introduction of tntuaicnfs into the Indian country are hereby extended oserand rhaili apply to all Indian lands in the State ofN ew Y~or -until otherwire provided

bCoSEC. 10. Thbat the provisions of this act, as far as applicable, shill extend to anyand all tf the other Indiana and reservations in the State of New York

Sec. It That there is hereby appropriafed out Gf mny money in the Trerourv ofthe United Staete noutotherwise upproprioted, tbe sum of $75,000 to enasle the AttorneyA General and the Secretary of the interior to carry out the provisaions of this act.

DEPART31ENT OF JUSTICE,Hon. Jux H.STEPH,,s Thashinqlono, D. C., September 28, 1914.

C~atruran Cmsnnvitue ont Indean Affairs,Housi ofRepresenfatit'es.

DEAR Sito- I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the16th instant, Inicloising, a copy of E. R. 18735, entitled 'A billauthorzn the allotment in sereralty of Indian lands in New YorkState,"andfor other purposes " I lack the information necessory

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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I... I

4 SiNtECAS ANto ovimit iazcnuss, FrvE icArioNs OF wxw vOax.

to enable me to make any ractical suggestions concerning theNew York Indians and their Jaif and the practical need of such ameasure as this for the amelioration of their condition. Suggestionsin these regards will come to you, I presume, from the Secretar ofthe Interior. Neither am I apprised of the nature of the claim 7oftheOgden Land Co., which is mentioned in the first section and elsewherein the bill.

Advising you first that my understandinog of the bill and its pur-poses is der''ed wholly from the bill itself, f would aay that I sea noobjection to it other than the following:

1. While t'he hill does not say so expressly, I assume that theSecretary of the Interior, in carrying it out., would be expected todefer the ap pointment of the commission mentioned in section 3until after the claim of the Ogden Land Co, whatever it may, hadbeen finally adjudicated. Section 6 provides that the deeds hereafterto be delivered to the allotees by the commission shall recite theexistence of that claim If reonzed by the courts." It can notwell be the intention toapit lecmniso possibly years beforerthe final adjudicatio a e acopihd, an therefore I take itfor granted that the aponmn hud not take place until afterthe claim of the Ogde LnC.hdben passed upon by the highestappellate court to which it could go (doubtless the Supremne Court ofthep United States) in the case contemplated by section 1, unlesspossibly, the Attorney General, upon being defeated by the companyin a lower court, should conclude to abandon the litigation there. Itmay be that your committee could make the bill more definite here.

2. It has been suggested to me that the provision in section 4 that"no jperson who is not in being at the time of allotment by the corn-

mission shell be given an assignment of land" may cause troubleThe process of allotment may continue through a considerable periodof time and new members of the tribe ma y he born during the period.It would he wrell, I think, to provide affirmatively that when the rollmentioned in section 4 shall have been prpared by the commissionend approved hr the Secretary of the Interior, it shall be deeniedfinal and concluivie upon the'right, to allotment in so far as anychildren horn therenfter may he concerned

3. Section 5 allows individual members to buy the allotment rightsof other members " with the consent of the Secretary of the Interiorand under such rules and regulations as he ma prescribe. ' Thisprovision, as far as I know, is not found i n a otmeint act hereto-

flore passed. A mere novelty, however is no objection. The pnn-cipal things to he guarded against in 0ii legislation of this sort areimprovidence and orerreaching. As, in thlis instance, the transac-tions contemplated are only permissible with the consent of theSecretary of the Interior and under his rules and regulations, I hiveno criticism to make upon this part of the bill save that it mia-involve undue complexities of administration.

4. Section 6 allows coneveance of allotted lands by the allotteesafter 25 years from the dates' of the tribal deeds. R 'trnints of thissort are attached to allotmients upon the theory that the allotteesaer incapable of mantioinp, their own affairs. 'Whilc it has beencustomary to name a aeffite date after which the nilot tees marconvey, I submnit that experience has demonstrated the folly Ofassuming in this mannner that the average Indian, incompetent

SENtECAS AitD OTHER tINDIAIN, Fray iSATIONtS OF NEaW YORK. 5

to-day, will becom~e competent within any period arbitrarily fixed.On th contrar, it is safe to assume that the average adult whois not competent now will never become competent as long as helives to safeg-uard his own interests. Consequently these legislative

p aesmptions of competency not only fly in the face of well-knownfarctss, but, it seems to nie (and I make the suggestion with muchdeference) are indulged in with too much regard for the idea ofgetting rid of the Indian and developing his pro party and too littleregrd for protecting and developing the Indian himself. I would

a~~vse, therefore, that instead of fixing a definite period, as is donein section 6, the section he amended to declare that none of thelands allotted shall be subject to taxation or to any form of aliena-tion3, encumbrance, or lease, while in the ownership of the allotteesor their heirs, except in respect of such erfsons as the Secretary ofthe Interior, upon special inquiry, shall aave adjudged to be comn-petent to manage their own affairs

In line with this suggestion it seems to me that the 10-year periodof lease authorized in the last sentence of section 6 is probably teelong.

S. The use of the expression "trust period" in section 7 may heobje~ctionable from a technical standpoint. If the tnibe owns the fee

threis propierl spaking, no trust affecting the allottees' titleunder the tribal 8 Les other than the generaltpower of gu rdianship

reiingithGoen n.I assume that te trbfoes own thefee; bt if the feas be in the United States, then I would suggest thepropriety of some provision whereby that title may be conveyed whenthe time comes for the removal of ;Ul restrictions.

6. Section S provides that upon approval of the tribal deeds thepatentees named therein shall become citizens of the United Statesand amendable to the laws of the United States and of the State orTerritory where they may then reside. Provisions like this, par-ticularly the declaration subjecting the individual to the laws of theState, are constantly being revoked in the courts as an obstacle tothe power of the Government to protect the incompetent Indian bylegislation or by litneation instituted in his behalf. Out of abundantcaution, therefore, i'would su-~est the insertion at the end of section8 of the following proviso: "TProvided, That the protective powers ofthe Government of the United States in respect of the said Indiansand their property shall not he affected thereby."

A declaration of this sort, though not, in my opinion, necessary,m serve to forestall much useless litigation and controversy.morthe Attorney General.

Respectfullj',EisxzsT KqAPBEL,

Assuarfen .Attarney General.

Mr. Ctancv, fram this Conmnittee so Indian Aftairn, submitted the tctiawing report(ta accornpany H R 18735)-

'The Subcommittee as Indian Afftairn, to wham ams referred the bitl (H Ri. 18735)auhorneing the allotment in se,-eraimy at Indian lands in ŽNe,, York State, and fsr

Other proes, having conmidered the same, report thereon with a recammendatisaSta th biie ame.dad as proposed by itse Department at Justice and the Depart-

ment afthie tntenior and be given further considerataon by tse whole comnittee.

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6 SENFCAiS AND OTKEIL WI)DANS, FMV NATIONS OF NEW YORK.

"The legislation poad inthis ball in of such vast imaportance to the Indiana ofNew York State, whic hSO an~ Indiant population greater dian any other State eastof the Mlisnisippi River that it should receive the very Careful attention, not onlyof die entire committee ~but of Congress, and in order diat this subject may be thor-oughly undersiood by those interested attention is called to the very- complete reportof th Oftice of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, as to the whole Neaw YorkState Indian Situation ,which follows; IR:Ac

"DENVER S. CaUsCs."0. M.. HAMaTON.rn"

The Lake Nlobonk conference on the Indian and other dependrnt peoples havehad for some years a committee on New York State Indiana, which at thear conferenceon. October 14, 15, 16, 1914, reported as followe.

"Your committee rejoices that in the further advancement ef this work a bill wasintroduced into die House ef Representatives on September 50, by Hz. Clarcy ofNew York known an bill No 18,S5, granting authority to the Attorney General ofthe U.nited States to institute the necessary stilt or suits in the case,, prot-iding for

the ppontmat f acommssin t apraie te Indian lands and to dvide and allotthemin eu-eaft, ad maingthe ndins hereafter citizens of the United Statesandeubecitodielaw o th Stteof ew or. Your committee recommends dietthe onfrene epre It aprovl o di acionof the board of Indian commiasion.era nd f te geera pln o theHoue o Rer seatatives bill referred to and that

"For the committee. Idaab icagd"JAmras WOOD, Cheirne~."loss J1 FrranERAtn,"CHARLES E Lrrrs~rizun."REGts H POoT.

"DANrIEL SaIney

The repot presented by Mr Wood was accepted by the conference, and the com-mitteeon New YorklIndianadischarged with thankaor its service.:

DE.PAETMHNT,- OF THE INTEROR,

Hon. JoltN H. STEPHENS, 1ahgonJnurZe195Mairmoon Conmmitee on Isadioan A ffairs,

House oJ7 Repre-setataircs.MY DEAR M.R. STEPHENS Reference is again made to your letter of

September 16, 1914, tranomittinur a copy of H. R IS735, prot-idingfor an-allotmeot, in severnity of thle Indian lauds its the State of 'NewYork.

Section I is designed to confer authority on the Attorney Generalto institute proceedings to teat the validiti aHad extent of the claim ofthe so-called Ogden Land Co. in and to the lands embraced withinany of the Indian reservations in the State of New York, while theremainder of the hill contemplates an allotment an severalty of theselands as they now stand by making the tracts of individual allotteesstill subject to the claim of the company, if soy such exists

It is not deemed necessary here to go into an extensive r&=6m ofthe historv of the claim of the so-called"Ogden Land Co., as thin matterhas previously been before the Coneres in various forms (SeeSenate Executive Document No 52, Pafty-t~hird Congress, third ses-sion, arid Senate Executive Document No. 154, Fiftv-rourth Congress,socond session; also hearings on House hill 1270, F~ifty-sevent~h Con-gress, and House hilt 7262, Ffty-eig-hth Congress-)

*SENECA&S AND OTHER INDIANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW TORE. 7

For the informatijon of your commit-tee, however, it may be brieflystated that the Indian reservations in, New York consist of thefollowing:

The Allegny Reservanuon, 1lying in Cattaraugue County, embracing 30,469 acres,with in Iodian populs lien of about 923

The Cattaraugue Reservation. flying mainly in Erie County with a small part falhingalso in the counties of Chautauqun and Cattarsugus. embracing an ires of 21,6S0 acres,with in Indian population of 1. '9

The Oil Spring Resen-ation, contasaung 640 acres, lyinig partly within Allegany andparitly in Cattarautrus Counties,

The, three reservations above mentioned all belong to the Seneca Indians.The Tuscasora Reseration, embracing 6,249 acres, lien within Niagara County and

has an India,, ,opulation of 460The Tonawanda Itesen alien, containing 7.649 acres, with an Indian population of

4659 members, lies partly to Erie, Genesee, ;nd Niagara Counties,Tb. Ononduga Reservatiou, embracing 6,160 acres. with an Indian population of

541, lies fin Onondaga County, about 5 miles south of the city of Syracuse.The St ReginBRes-ervation. embracing 14,640 acres,tbeesin~..Lawrence and Frank

tin Counties, and hoe an gndian population en the American ride ii some 1,400 mem-bens The Canadian Goer emient boo alto provided a reservation for the St. RegisIndians. embracing rome 12,000 acres, which adjoina the reservatnon in New Yorkalong the international boundary The trbe in about evenl divided in populationon tie American anod Canadian sides-

The Stainnrcock Re-ervation on Lang Island embraces but 450 acres, with anIndian population of about 4600

The claim of the so-called Ogden Land Co. covers only the -Ale-zany and Cattarauigus Reservations arid 1,920 acres of the TuscaroraReserve, ond its onggsa antedaten the Federal Constitution Shortly

after the close of the Revolutionary War a dispute arose between thecolonies of Massachusetts and New York over certain temtory nowembraced in the western p art of the latter State, under conflictinggrants or charters from the British Crown. The dtspute was firstsubmitted to the Continental Congress and a court wras appointedto try aond determine the cause At was settled amicably, however,between the two Slat~es by convention December 16, 17SO, A com-pact was drawn uader which New York rrtained the right of govern-ment, sovereigntty, and jurisdictiota, hut ceded to Massachusetts theright of preempt ion from the native Itadians and such other rightas the State of New York had. By a separate article in the compactMassachusetts was empowered tar sell, assIgn, or otherws c onveysuch title as bse derived T~steSaeof assachusettp roniptly~,occedod to do, anid the territory in which theAlleg~any, Csttarau-us,

uscarora, anti Toinawanda Rcse'rvations is located was sold hb- Massa-chusetts to Robert Morris an 1791. Several niemli contve-nceatranspired until we fitad the present clainiant, to be the Ogdein LandCo., so called which however, is not incorporated.

Wbatever ~Iami tfie company had in land to the lanils embracedwrithin the Trnawanadm Reserva~tion tias effectusily extinguished bypayment of the sum of S100,000 in accordance with the apjaropriationmade and authority conferred bv article 3 of the treaty with theTonawanda 'Indians dated Novemiber 5, 1S57 (11 Stats , ~735) TheTuscarora Indiatis, u%-ho at one time lived in 'North Carolina, sold theirlands in that. State alsout. the year 1500, rcslizinrw therefrom ajp roxi-maitely $15,000 Thus mottey was drp'Jsited witch the United 9tatesin trust, oiid in 1504 Congress .authorized the Secretairy of War topurchase adiititonal land foir these Indiana With this moaney, 4.320Rcres lying to the south and east of 1,920 acres which had previously

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8 SENECAS AND OTHER IN-DIANS, MEV NATIONS OF NEW 'nORE.

bee gien o ten bytheSenca ndans and the Holland Land Cowerepurhase frni te lttercomany, which effectually extin-guised he reeptie r~btaganstthese 4,329 acres within theresevaton.TheBo~lnc[an~Co.was the predecessor of the

Muchdoub sees t exit evn aong the courts, if conclusioncan be renchied from the decisions baded dowvn, as to the exactnature of the clai othOgeLadCo.; many decisions holdingin effect that the il curdb h company through purctasefrom the State ofMsahset sa ult~imate- fee," an "absolutef ee, " a "nak-ed fee," a " qualified fee," etc. Other decisions tend tohold that the only~ right acquired by purchase from Massachiusettswas siniply the right of preemption, or a first right to purchase whenthe Indians agreed to sell. Persons whose opinions are not withoutweight have even suggested that the cornpany has no vabid claimna..kibatbtese lands, Sasint their opinion on the ground that New

Yor had no power to se~ to Massachusetts nor Massachusetts toconvey to its assignees. Be this as it may, wre find that the clanim hasstood and been recognized repeatedly hr the courti, hoih of theState and of the Nain, and it is not. scen how the validity of theclaim, whbaterer mar" be its nature, can wrell he denied at this latedate. The courts a~ both the Nation anid the State have also re-peatedly denied the right or power of the claimant company in allyway to Interfere uith t'he right of possession by the Indians. eind forpractical purposes thle claim of the compainy is valueless in so far asthe production of annual revenue is concerned.

When last approached on the question of disposing of their claimreprasentatives of the com any paced what iwas regarded as a ficti-tious value thereon. (H. D;oc. 309, 54th Cong., 2 d seas., and hear-

inson H. R 12270, 57th Cong., and H. H 7262, 5Sth Coneg) Someetietve method of disposing of the claini. however, is de~sirable, inorder that the objects designed to he acco mplished by sections 2 to11 of H. H IS735 may he worked out.

The department is not prepared to state whether the plan sug-ge~sted in sections 2 to 11 of the bill is feasible, hut in connection there-with invites attention to at decision by the Supreme Court of the Stateof New York in ihe case of the Se'neca Ntition of Indiasns againstCharles E. fpplebv, surviving trustee of the Ogden Land C'o.. whichdecision wrill be found reported fin 127 appellate division (New Yorkreporits) page 770. In its decision in that case the couit, throughJudge Spring, used the following language:

The affirniance of the judgnment (of the lower court) does not establish the prop(,-sition that if the plintitff becoense diintegted that the defeadant's nitle a-ill vestin pos eitenatiece. MAitoient asnan Iienedividual Indian* by ihe plintiff has

bespried for a cottoiderable penoa by the Natienaai Governmsent Ishertaiaceisalowed in accordance wiih the etatutes of the Siaie of New York aiid conveyances

atencagt the Indians are also allowed. It may welt be held ihat even though thenatinin itas tribal capacity should be diasolsed, it the indidtidual Indian bs.fds histand by virtue ot this recceinied meihod of allotment, that the occupancy wilt ceol-tinue to his remote descendant.

The case was aippealed by the Indians and the appellate court inits decission dismissed the en~tire proceedings on the ground that theIndians were without pouer to sue and that the courts of the Statehad not been authorized to hear and determine the case.- (196 NewYork Supreme Court Reports, 31S.)

SENECAS AND OTHER INDIANS, FiVE N1ATION1S OF NEW 10Otli II

Should the courts find room to hold that the lands within thesereservations covered by the claim of the Ogden Land Co. canl be al-lotted in severailty wthout a vesting of the night of that company toimmediate posseision it would app~ear the most feasible solution ofthe difficulty, in so far as the adjustment of the claims of that coim-pony is conce~nied, hut since the introduction of the hiUl (H. R. 1 S7351a representative of the Indian Office has visited the reservations inthat St-ate with a view of ascertaining present conditions there. Itis found that as a matter of fact practically all of the lbuds withitithe various Indian reservations in that State have already been al-lotted in aevereltT or divided among the tribal members'rnnnyi Yearsago under State laws by the tribal organizations. cud that there ispractically no surplus tiibal or conimunal land available for furtherallotment at this time Or for distribution to those younger membersof the tribe who are now without land. The tribal' division so nattehas been recownised by the tribal organizations, by the membershipat large, and fy the courts of the State, until any disturbance of thepresent claimant woul d result in great dissatisfaction atid no doubtin many cases gross injustice.

Sme of the shrewd, far-sighted members of the tribes, by inherit-ance, by purchase from other members or otherwise, have acquiredholdings largely in excess of a pro rata division of these lands anmonethe present tribal membership These holdings in aI large nuniber o'bcases have been improved wvith modem homes, excellent barnis andequipped wiih up-to-dnte farmiiig tinplemnents. Where the title thusacquired has been by inheritance or by purchase it would hardly beilust to deprive the p resent holders of any part of their lanids withloutIust compensation therefor. It should be understood, of course, thatthese people are without power to nhenate their luds to persons titherthen members of the tribe. but sales havre talken plalce between mem-bers of the some tribe, in many cases evidenced by deeds placedof record in the proper county, eand these transfers 'cud sales havebeen taking place practically Thr the last 25- years.

On the other hand, there'is at great. need for some feasitile solutionof the problem. Congress by treaty with these Indians hins guaran-teed them peaceful possession of the soil (treaty of Nov. 11', 1794.7 Stats., 44), aud the Supreme Court of the United Siutes hes nt aitedthe State the nigtt to tax their lands. (The New York Indtians, .5Wall., 701). The State, therefore, is powverless to compel on ad-justment of the situation, has lieen denied tlmc rigit to lax, andcall take iio steps to ima'ke these landis subject to taxationi 'aiti,,'utthe assetit of the Federal Gorertiment, y-et the State tins beeni underthe burden of providing these people writh adequate school facilities,mlaintaining highways over their reservations, atid such police enuper-vision as has been exercised over these people which has been greatlydeficient. The -Indian poptulation" in Newr York. recognmiizett asniembers of the various tribes there, exceeds S5s0tl. but itrials bee-IIfound onl investigation that the number of fttll bloods among, tlirscpeople is rery hunted, writh possibly even less than 500 half -bloodsin the ent-ire- State, and so imaily so-called -,Itdiatus . with such a

large percentage of white blood fhat only the closest scrutiny woulddisclose anyv Indian rhanractermstics

These Pepinle are fully- equipped front aii eduvational. civilizatiion.or financial standpoiint to stland ntponi their own feet They should


10 SEBFCAS AXI) OT~HER 11MIANS, FMV NATIONS OF N-EW YORK.

have been made citizens by allotment in severalty and the dissolutionof tribal orgamz~o years ao. There is great need, therefore,of some wor able plan byewbkh 'this end can be reached, but thelimited information as to present conditions on these reservationsacuired by the brief examination heretofore made does not place

th department in a position to suggest the most feasible course topursue. A. detailed survey of each reservation wouild be necesaryin order to ascertain the present claimant or holder of each acretherein, the manner in which title was acquired, the number ofIndians without lanid and their right to membership in the tribes,etc., before any just solution could be offered Doubtless the con-ditions on the tifferent reservations would be found so far at Tari-ance that one bill desi-lied to fit conditions on all reservations couldnot well be formulati'.( Each reservation should be made the sub-ject of a separatea investigation and special study with a view of sug-gesting some feasible course to pursue with reference to the conditionson that particular reserve.

Again, an extinguishment of the claim of the Ogden Land Co ora final decision by t he courts on the exact extent and nature of thatclaim appears necessary before further procedure can well be had.With this idea in view it may prve advisable to eliminate sections

2to I11, inclusive, of the bill, which would enable the Department ofJustice to bring about an authoritative determinntion of the matter.By' letter dated September 28, 1914, the Department of Justice sub-mitted to you a re port on thie bill, but did not raise any specifinc objec-tion to section 1. It is presumed, therefore, that that departmnterltasno objection to offer to the procedure outlined in this section of thebill.

As it is understood that the Indians are uniformly opposed to thedisturbance of present conditions and that the provisions of H. Ra.18735, found in sections 2 to 11, inclusive, do not accord with condi-tions; on the various reservations in the State of New York, it is

rsectfully recommended that these sections be eliminated from thebil and section 1 be amended by striking out the period after theword "York," in line 8, and adding thereto the following-with the rirbt of appeal te the Supreme Court of ihe I. nited Sataes bev either party

te the proceedings, and jurisdiction is hereby conferred en such nours to beat anddeteroinie the catfiee

There should also be a provision appropriating sufficient money toenable the Department of Justice to carry out the provisions of thelaw, but I am not sufficiently ad vised in the premises to offer a sug-gestion as to the specific amount.

For the further information of your committee I am inclosin acopyof reprt y th reresetatve of the Indian Office detailedto ivesigat coditins n th Inian reservations in the Stile ofNewYor; aso op ofa ptiton iged by a number of TusacroraIndians againt the assageof the bill, which petition wasrecive ~b th 1udin Olic onJauary 12, 1915

FRA.NKIN' E. LLNEa.

us

SEKECAS AND OTHER INDIAN-S, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW TORK. 1

WAHIosTsovo, D. C., Dmnebae 26,12914-.The honorable the Cosatiasiosras 01 IsMiniz Asvexas.

SiR: Aissistat Commisstoner M.eritt, bei firmly impressed withs the necesoity oftaking some definite action leekin to on ctiv olution of the New York Indianproblem, instructed nie orallyi al ilo 13 "to get to the bottom of it," ifL ~ oaiblg Late youauthrisedme i writng t vis the several reservations in ta

after prsne ilso.Present conditions on hs eeain r 0drcl

Earl coonits n wat s no weter Ne Yok fundthe country more or lessdensly pjiulted e se' e ef isios trbes p 11ply the Senecos, Cayttpa,

Ononiga. Onida anditfbaws. Tesefivetries rinations were united in acommo leaue, nowsamas theselvs asHo-d-no-saul-nee. hot generally de

nate bythe hits so"Irquoi," nd wre uch feared during the early dayses.the roquis cuncl th Osodags, a thefouders of the league k1ept the centralfir; te Iohaks uared he astrn ortland the Senecos e western TheOneaas ere tatone beteenthecental ireand the earl, while the Ca~yiigas occu-

pied a similar penmain in the west. One can btpuet wonder if exploration intoancient tradittionas of these people would not d Isc anognization bordering stronglyon free masonry.

About 1110 'the Tuocariras, then living in North Carolina, became involved in2uarrelsa with white settler. and adjoining Indiantribes there. Having been severely

eetdin battle they migrs ted to New York and were formally united with thefive tribes just meotioued, thus masking the Six Nations of New York, by which namethere Indians are now most commonlyvknown. At the period of itsgreates-t strength-the latter part of the ,evesteenth century-the Iroquois league numbered 15.000souls, sod even to this day the union still continues to soume extent, although ito com-ponent mesmber'Jhip aso tatribesl has zoateriully chauged.t

With the exception of the Oneudas and a part otth Turcuroras, there Indianssided with the mother country in the Revolution asd were lflt asmentioned andunrovided for in the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the confederatedColonIst Naturolly conssuroble unrest existed among them at the close of theRevolution, due to the fact that 'in the main the,' had sided with the lotteg partyin that great etruerl The Mohawks; moved to C'anada and settled on lauds pro-sided tor the. hiThe. Bitnish Government, where a remnant of this- tribe still lives.By treaty the Mohavwka ceded to the State whatever title ihev had to soy land in`ew York, sad sitbseqoentlv the Szt~ Regis Indiana were formally adopted by theSina Notions is puace of rho Mohawks

The Coyugps also Kild their lard to the State sand giadually migrated wes-twardIocatir fIrti in rho- Ohio Valley, but finally remorntg to the Indian T'erritor andibecomifng affiliated with other tribes, there A few Cavugos still remain in NewYork. residing principilly with the Senecas aod Tonawaindas-the latter an off-pringof the Seneca Tnbc-bettnc frequently designated "The Tonoanoda Band at SenecaIndians ' The State paid 'the Cavineats at thie rote of 4 slullings par acre and there-after sold the laod for tof shdlite 'per acre. About SIS3 repre-eutitrives of the tithebecan to petition the State tsr the diufercoce, in p rice between the one psid to themana that receised by the State Finslly. is l9'lS. the tenitlative 9ssenmblv author-ized the lind cemm~unroner to adjort and oetatl the claiu of the Uayuga Indiansarsuost the State for a -tum sot exceeding S297,ti1i220, with an arlditional allowance

)a of S27,131 20 for legal expeowei incurredThe Oneidas alat., by various treaties, sold all of their toid, rxcept ahont 350 acres,

to the State. aod removed is the reservation ii, Wisconsin prccurej fromt the lIfonessimess by treaty with the Federal Government The ?.'Air5 sin Ne, York belo'ngingto the O~neida's have long sioce bc-en divided its severalix under State laws and at atribe there Inditas are known no moire is that1 Slate S~x tribe-s silt remnain in NewYork. to be rocarded ns of inv importauce at thus time vi. it'i Sen-wts Tonowanda!,Tuscat-rns. Oniondagas. St Riegis, authl Shttliecochs. the latter, however. never havtingformed a unit in itte Six Naiiernt oalliotgh at ass time the, did pay tribute to theMohawkzs A hriet statement as to the status of the l2ads in each resreiation is herepresented in order that a clearer itnderetaodinc- of the matter may he reachedeThe Al11gay Reservation. cloimied by the'Seoecas. C0ostsas .30,469 acres, aind isstated on bot sides ot the Alle-gany River in Cattarnogus County, N. Y. It is

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12 SFNECAS AXD OTHcER INDIANS, FIVE -NATIoNS; OF NEW YORK-

about 40 miles long and av-erages from 1 to 3 miles in s-idth It isaprt of thearea speifically resort-ed to the Seneca, Indians in the treaty with Rolbert Ifrrut at"Big te" September 17, 1797, Thus entire reservation is subject to the "preemp..tion right" or claim 'of the Ogden Land Co to which reference is bereinafter morefully made.

Tbo Cattaraugfus Reservation coatains 21,680 acre-, located principally in En,County, a small part lying in each of the counties of Cattoraugus and Chautauqua.This reservation was conveyed to the Seneca Indians by Wilbelm,.Willniick, et el,goredecessore of the Ogden Land Co., by agreement dated Juno 20, 1902 (7 Sita& 70)to return for which the Seneca Indianls surrendered to the company ~elf ohrIadwhich had been resert-ed to them by the treaty at Big Tree This reservation is alsosubject to the preemption right of tie Ogden lAnd Co o uch right being specificallyretained in the agreement referred to

The Oil Spring Reservation, located parti 1 in Allerany and partly in CattaraugusCounties, containlsonlyv640 acres Itosname todeiveil fiomna mudd poo, about 20feet in diamneter, locattid near the center of the tract, from which the Indrians formerlygathered a sore of crude petroleum locally known as "Seneca oil," and which wosuwed quite extensively by them in early ihip for mnedtcinal purposes. The Senecasfully understood that this t-act was reserved to them in the cole to Robert Morris atBig Tree, but this fact does not appear from an examination of the treaty it-elf Atany rate, this reserve was included in a sale by Robert Morris to the Holland LandCo , socoled, and ses-eral mesne conveyances transpired until by deed dated Febru-ary 28, 1855. one Plioloneus Partison biecame the ostensible owner of a pant thereofOn toaldng geisseasion, the Seneca Indians promptis- began an action in ejectmoentagainst P'attison A verdict in favor of the ndtiarns '-sa rendered by the lower relict,the cas was lyappsaed to the supreme court of the State and finally- to the court ofappeals, both of ehic affirmed the decision of the trial court, sod the Indians havesince remained in undisturbed posseesion A written opinion of the case does not ap-pear to has e been hatided down, hut she pleadings. transrit of ev idenice, judgment,and decree of the court are null on file in little V'alley, th cunty seat of Cattoraugus

The Onondiga Reservation contains 6,100 acres and is located in Onondaga Countyabout 5 miles south of the cita' of Sa-eacuse Prior Io 1791 thlis reservation einhbraceaisomething over 65,000 acres, March 11 of that year, however, the Indians sold os-erthree-fourihs of their reservation to the State, and by, ubsequent treaties in 1792, 1817,and 1522 the reservation was reduced to its present area Under State la"t theseIndians axe authorized to lease land owned or posse yidviul n mlareas within the reservation axe so leased Thle and within thin reservation are nutcovered by the claim of the Ogden Land Co,

The Tonawanda Reservation now comprises hut 7.549 tacres lying part-ly in EARi,Genesee, and Niagara Counties Originally it compriard upward of 45.000 acres,being a part of the lands reserved to she Seneca Indians in the sale to Robert Morrisat Big ree This reservation was conveyed to Thomas Ludlow Ogden and JosephFellIowa by agreement with the Six Nations, daie' 1nonusr 15. 283$ I7 Stats , 5-50),and the subsequent treat~' with the Senecas of May 20 1542 il Stats , IS) The landsembraced within the pre'sent relerve were repurcphased irc-in Ozdeii and Fellowts forthe sum of 1100 000. in, accordance with article- 3 of the treat v with the TonawandaIndians, dated November 5, 1,57; ttt Stats , 735) Title was tint inten in the Secre-tary of the Interior who held the lands until February 14 1502. on which date, by-deed, they were renves-ed to the comprrolfer of the Slate of Now York "in trust andto fee for the Tonairaoda Indians " This settlement effectually extinguished what.evePr" preption right the Ogden Land Co, ever bad in sod to the lanas wsithin thisreservtion.

The Tuscirora Resess-atiotn lies in Niagara County about 9 miles northeastrof NiagaraFalls, and contains 6,249 acres The Tuscarora Indians hat ile been adopted by theIroquois League as one of the Six Nations, by- deed doted MIarrct 30, ISOS, the SinecaN-ation grosed I s nuremoe .640 acres) to the Tuscarira Itidians. fLiber I folioIf, Land Records 'of N'itnara C';ostv I It as reported that subsequently the HollsindLand Co , assignee of Robert. 5ocrrs' -' ratified ' this gr.lnt, sod gave to the Tuss-arrarss1,250 acres mere, but no record ot aint paper title to this effect con be ftund .At any

rate theTuncrora ocupy nd cninsthes b as as port of their prreset resettewhih ae sbjet t th pretsgib rititof heOgden Lard Co (7 ~itat , 5O0t,althugh he Idian deiy tis bsingdiet clim t a decree of the Slate court to

Bufflohaned ownin 850Thi sut rsuled from an acreement with ihe FederalGoverment Janary i 1:3 ,uer wich he Six Naduu

7v - W ~'" s e 'est ,of

the issssipi ise, ad is airisston f teir removal Jwc hirfs of the TuiscroroaTrib exeuteda ded toThoms ~Ldlw Opdc and Joseph Fellows, predecessors

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GENSCAS AND OTh3ER INDI)LNS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW I05K. 13

of slo gde Lad C., osteyig t mi Slodn and Fellows, as owners of the pre-empiverigt, he2 90 areslat rfered d.The deed woo placed in the hands of~erme BPottr, n esrow peningthe erfrnince of certain conditions precedent

todlvr. h metdaeovlfaldt iteriashze and in IS849 Win. B Chewet cies o th tibe intiute sut gnootesrmnan B Potter and Joseph FellowsI~hoas Orenthti ein deease 1,looingto a surrenderond cancellation of thedeed A vrdit infavr o theIndanswasrendered osnd the deed canceled by

decree of the court, which resulted onuly in plocing the matter in statu quo, as far asth~edpreemptive right of Ogden and Fellows was concerted. The execution of the

dedwtas an admission of the existence of the preemptive riebt. and the contention ofthe Iadians that the decree of tfte court cancealing the died alaso effectually ratio-gsiished the right of preemption in the Ogden people dyes not appear wrell foundedThe records in the case ore still oit file is the cosntv Oclce s office at Bufralo

P About the year I800 a delegation of Tuscarora' Indiatis visited the goeseror ofNorth Caroliiu~ and negotiated a solo of thrir lands in that State for apilora Xtestely915,000. which money woo deposited with the United Stoles in frost, In 1804 Con-.goosaiuthorired tho ecst of War to j'urclbsse with tis monet' additional land for

teeIndians Wish these sns4.2 acres lying io the siouth and east of the 1920acres already occultied by- thto wore port hosed for the Tusrerora ludidaunz Titleto these latiIs -as token 6) the Secretari- if War ii, ruset for the Indians, hut eubee-quetitly (January 2 18091 the lands were conveyed directly to the Tuocorora Tribe,who nwowis tbe fee. (Be1ok"A." p 1. Nsiagara Count y rfeok'n oflice.)

The St Regis Emerslnitio moitnitls 2$ 050 ocres, of which 24.2350 acres fall withinthe Dominion of Canada The remaining 14,040 acres soithlb American side lie inFrasiklin Countis N V aitd were sos-need Io these Indidans by, treaty with the Slate,in consfderattss for which the`- Furretidered certaita ether 16unt cfainied by, them,The Ogden Laud Co.'* 'litni itevor comprised any part of the latids within this resori-e

The Shinnecork Reservation containing some 4.50 acres is located on a. neck ofland running into Shuntiocosk Bay. Lang bsland Souhihm1 'tou was an early colonialtown, established in the irs entieetih century, and din tow-n trustees negotiated witib"Shinnecock." chiel of the tribe, for a sae of the latids, Tribal troditisit his it thatthe chief sold sout to the whites and skipped with the nioney Wh1ile this does notcomport with accep'ted idens of lbshosessly and integrity of aborigiiial hebtet, yet itis a matter of record that the town trste of Sosithinipton in the early- daysgvNlease for a thoustitd x-eare so the Shutitoeock Indiatis covyering Somei 2000 acres-.known aso the Shiunicock Hills and Shinnecc'ck Neck M-alters stood thus untilabout the middle ci the nineteenth century, when the town had delveloped to such

aexet shot a more sntisfactory arrangement was desired. Accordtiigly. in 1859the State authoried ho town trustees to negotiate with the Indians for a cesiuna oftheir lesoehold estate Aut agreemenit was soothed utider which she Indians slir.rendered the hills, in exchastgo for which they- received in fee! Shinuecorck 'Neck,The eagrement is rerderdd Iit solunie 3 of the townu recsords ofSouuiianiptuti. at rael _'

The above coversall oi the resret shns in y0 5-York to he regarded asuof ant' lioport.once at this time, btit in pasting mesetton Otis be made of the Yo0sepaitucks, of otixedIndian and neero dercent, she did secups a smuall reservation of about .50 acres nlsoon Long Ianland near ihe mrnouth of the Nlastic River, oeitig a part of the tract of 17.5acres cont-e)ed to the tribe by ktel %% tilinim Smith, guverinor 01 ibie Termrvnr, July)2,1700, 'to the minic slyr lention, their ciltdrens and ixsslrccve mnar not scont suifcientland toplant onforever ' Also he looI3itaok Trilie who od-t.ijaed iontauik }'iiot. thenortheastern extremotv of L'iii I-lanid Moiic sias included iii a patoit ust.,eA in 1680by Governor LVounra to 'the freeholders aiid inhobitsants of the stesl of East Hiamp-

n~s "the perpetual and excli sive righatoi purchase same frour tite Iodians" 1) itihincomparatively rescent Years the renoatit of this trtbe sold their title t0 this land to oneBenson, and 'these Tuidions, as a tribe, no Iong1 cr exist as sichi, haviing icndivdallybecome ahbr,rhed in theo beds- politic Pharti r Benovn 102 N2-ho N Y 241.These Indians asor intiernmarried so largely in the early dais uith negroes that theirnationality as - Indians " became extinct long ago

\(The Coroplatiter Reservation1.in P'eapsyly ania lies jiust below sthe lii', betweenNew cir~ssd~tffi~rifeF~ate Thie resec silos originially comprised 1,500 acres

sgraite i.n fee- by Feuniiis vania Mtarch III, 1796 to Cortiplooter and fis heirs. Stxb-eqetIf In 1!371, the State atuthorized the appotinteeni of commissioners to div-ide

thsel ndsei seralt) among' ternittlanter'tsdescetudants stid other SeiiecaIndiausThis was done end the laad'wan divided sand allotted to 112 Indians, without p~owser,hostever, s's tell to us'. I..ee cI!= descendants of Ceinplanter, or other S.enecaIndians.

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14 SENSECAbS AN-D oXiuEr InDIANS, FIVE 2ZATIONS OF NEW YOBK.

These small reservations, used in commiatr, afforded only aha% en ot refueg to pos-sibly, otherwise homeless peronno and foe all practcal pupssmay be eliminatedfrom further consideration. The mine might also hemipd"of he. Oil Spning Reser-va-aion, conlaining as it does, but 640 acres, retained by the Indians in the early days

lasgly from sentimental reasons3.Conditions on the remaining reservations ohow a coyua need for reform Naturally

one c~ast about for the reasonst why these condlitions sho'uld hate as long been permittedto continue. First among these we find the question of jurindiction over theseIndians, Slats and Federal. Much needless confusion exitrt a pretty general impres.sion prevcailing that the State has exclusive jurisdiction. 'this seems to have arisenfrom two causes, fiast, because New York was one of the Thirteen Original Coloniesand the "title" to the lands involved nev-or was in the Federal Government, and

secndy, be~cause she Slate hasesercised jurisdiction, while the Federal Governmenttelreetnthasnot, A brief examination ofthetfundaitentlatprinciples involvea

shsud emv any doubt on this paatA common munse united the cooit na supreme effort for independence, and

the successful termination of th eouina, together with the sttendatit treatyof peace, vested full powrers of jursdcton, vereignty. and government in the 13original colonies. Dissension immedueyarose to such an extent that 13 inde-

pendnt atins eemd iminnt athr tan one, The tuterlacing web repre-sened y te Atices f Cnfdertiu wa no nuiheenty trong to weave the die-seaingcolnis ito roinacter hol. he ndeendntcolonies had too muchp owor nd te cntra goernent oo ittl. Tis i a attr of history, well estab-

lishd. y te adptin o th FedralContittion the colonies ceded to the GeneralGovrnmnt ertin elldefnedpowrs.fuctions, miud duties, among which wefin th reulaaunof ommrcewit foeiri ations, among the several Slates, and

'After the ado~tion of she Federal Coaotittition in Ie severol of the colonies cededto the Federal taovernmeut certain Iat of the territory covered by their reepective

charersfromtheBritish Crown Tis ts-rritasry formed the first land the actualtitle to which was recognized as being in than Fidferal Gvesrument, ThIs area wasgreatly incriased from time to tame. as by the Louisiana purchase in 1003, tlse Flori-

dain S190 the Gadsden purchase in 151,53, the Alalka purchasei in IS87, and others-.Thinsvasitterritory comprises what has since beetsknowii as "the public-land States,"the title to which was reeongized as bei' in the United States.

Nos Yok nt bring ceded to the aredral Goverimunt the lands within, herpresent herders, the actual title is not in the Federal Government, sand as to land sototherwise disposed of hr the State the title still remains there.. Worn it nut fer thefact that we are here dealing with "an Indian problem" the Federal Governmentwould hare practically nothing to do with the no-called ' reservattons " in that State.Hoaing joined with her siater'Sutes, however, in the ado.ptioia of the 0mi'rtitution,New York as bound to reciognize the pitoers formally cedied to the nation One ofthere in the regulation of commerce with Inudian tribes, which siorely' i- bi'iad enouohto cover traffic iia lands occupied or claimed hv theni .'figaiahe edmuiasoa ofpowerin Indian tribes to barter without the couaieut us the Federal Go.vernment. inchtitleLas teywmay hat-eto au5 land A~ithits the geugrphiil limuits ofithe oated States.is repugliant to the fundamental priuucaplrs vi sovereirsty ensosetaetini L.. the0 p-etevation of a nation. This is true, even ahiouch the uCtuAoltitle is n~t as the FrderolGoveroment. IJohnson v Mlclntosh S Whest. 543; Wooster r,. t(eorcia, 61 Pet., 115,Cherokee Nation v, Georgis 5 Pet.. 1.) Congress at an early date fully, recogriziedthe necessity for this, tAct. bIas 30. 1342, 2 Stats .143 sec. 12 ) Could wre afford toadmit the right of an Indian tribe to sell their land within our borders to a foreigncouintry?

By acts of Congress and udiceml construction the power of the Federal Governmentot-er questions dealing w! Indtans has grown infinitely stronger Apparently thishas beeniaproduct of necessity rather than an'. express delegation of authority to befound in th Federal Cnnstitution From time to time Newy I ek has enorted ouirlaws pertaining to the Indiana within her borders has provided schliss for theiryouth, appointed attorneys to protect their interests, aoud lise dtlegated iturioictionins omei matinees to her cotrta toeatertian tbeir cotmplaantis No case has been foutiddenyinag the right of the State no to do, or that the lbooso enacted are unconstirutionalOn the other hand, numerous cases could be citesi. if necessary uphiolding the validityof such lawn, where they do noat conflict with the Federal Ceiostitutioia, tresties withIndias tribes, or coupresmi,'al enacitrients. aNew X'erk a Dibble 2i Ho0w 1170 I Inbrief, the Principls inrulsed may he broadly elated, that all State laws beneficial toIndians will he upheld, while those of a detrimeataf natare will be scrudtiized withgreater case.

SENECAS AND OTHERt INZDXANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW YsORE. 15

In internalamatters of thiskind, wberevcriLse~ation emainspassive, then theStateof necessityinust become acti e' In truth, the Indians in New York occupy asomei-what peculiar stattie, in that they may be maid to be wards of both the Nation and theSutst.e Jurisdiction seems concurrent rather than exclusive. soid in passing it mary besaid that the State has always been generous in dealing with these people. Judgingfrom concrete rsurlls, the Federal Government hoasmanifestvad butalighat interest so thioaffairstof these fodianss Its reatestashortcomiing hasbeen byomission rather tha-nbvcmoasissiosa. The New York Indian problem ehouild hare'been history IongsneOne hundred and twenty-EeVess yesrs have passed since the adaption of the -ediecralConstitution. and we find these people to a large extent in the same position theyoccupined so the early days, at least is so tar as their land tenuares are concerned Ap.parently the State has waited for the Nation and the Notion for the State Has atnever occurred to either to cooperate?

Originally the Federal Government dealt with the Indian tribes as quasi. or dofacto notions. hr treaty Later Congress deemed it inc,.ticrusits to deal with thesepeple by niach formal means as treaties, which implied equalitv, and directed

* tat thereafter their affairs would he regulated by le~gislation only.' (Act Mfarch 9,1671,1 Slats Sf68) The power of (onpreosoto dobiasbeen fullyrecognized, evento the extent of abrogating by legislation the provisions of a prior treaty with anindian tribe (United Slates ii tagania. 118 ir 5, 375 Lone Wolf c- Hitcbcock.,167 V S. 1 53.) February 10, 1875 (ItS Stats., 330), Congress passed an act to reett.lots leases byv the Seneca Indians is New York. Sleptember 30. 11,90 (20 Stats,W5), the prior oct was amended in certain repects rhe coatrol of Congress over

the subject matter was most etrongl upheld in Ryan v. Knorr (19 HUD, 540). andShongo v'. Mtiller (45 A. D., 339). NWeeld more be added to show jurisdiction is theFederal Government over the lindian trithes as \Yew York? The one case of FellowsvBlacksmith (19 Howard 3006). would be amply aufficient to prove thisCongress hasvitig assured the Six Nations peaceful possession of their reservations

(7 Slats., 44la. said the Stiprseine Court havting denied the Sitat the righit in tax theirland (The New York ltidttan, 5 Wall., 701I'. the bands of the Sitatesre effectanllytied in so far as working oat a feawible sifution of the problem is coiacerne'd We

hae us een thiu -ro trets ma hsuperseded by subsequent legislation butthi Powe rest rv wt Congress: Certainly it doe ntxcoastian hi Stoic Just

when, in what moanier. atid to what extent this poweer is to be exercised. thterefare,rests isa the sound discretioni of Conerensa Presssinahly the power will be exercisedonly after full considerations of hiuantrarat and public po.c

It lass lieret~ior been shown that thescrtoal title-tho fre-tn the St, ectas sandOnond~ja Reservations is in the State, that of the Tonowanda Reservation ii in titecomtrollJer if the Siate. atid as to the Shintiecock and 4 329 acres of the TuscaroraReservation it is in the respective trnbes. Aside faron the locus of the actual title, Ihowever, we hove alas found that the Indisats' rirbt Of p)o-essun Las an indefeasibleone which can not he disturbed without the osorction of the Federal Government(F ellws v. Blacksmith and The New York Indians. supsa.) As to the locusof the fee of the Alleganv, Cattarituati. and 1 920 acres of the Tuiscarori71;;si-,jgtic,nnwe sirs confft'onted sntlta more dillcult problem, these lands beingseubject to the "

"cas".ftes Ogden'Land Co., so-cialled--a clijifi of ouch a pdvuliarnsiture that atlukecsgeo golonial history is neoin iiecessarv .

By charer in 10128-29 James I '"tine of Enrland, granted certain land in thenew con tisent to the I'vintouth Colons' M1arch 12. 1804 t lisrles II likewise grantedCerTAIn land to the Dkii"e of York. Owing to the deficient, ;eotrrphiatl knowledgeof thie then new countery the deciptions in these Mrants were inure of less vajue.and in man% cares os erlapped Mnschiiietts ruccerifed ts the title of the Pl'mouth

.- Colony 'nd shortly alter the close of the ltevolution a dispute arose tsetwe~en thatState 'and New Y~rh over the ownership of certain territlory asereesting upward of

0000,000 acres located in the western part of the latter tState -Tle centroes ss was

first submitteed to the Continental Congress and a court was appointed to hear anddetermine the citise The matter was finally adjusted however watihoiut resort tothe court., a convention for this puspose ho'aug been held at 1-artiord Coon .Decem-ber. 17SO. New York beiog represeusted by 6 commissioners- sod Mass-achusetts, 10.IL compact or sereemenet was "sawnt and dul execiated Dereintes lit. 17S0 fly thiscompt Ne rr retainel the right. of rorerniorot soverearnir and juraedictuiaa

ovr h disi-pted terartitr-r 'itt coedv to Mlassachusetts the rittof prtermptin ofthe soil front ite native Indiinos, mulled authl the p-rwot inFeli ot ar'urts nwli rirlit

Mlassachusertt procerdeid promptly to diFiose of its titte and is 'april 17',S. OliverPhelps and Nathaniel CGoroan Laegotuated wtth that ciate ir~r the puirsluafe of she

* entitre neca for SI tlt0.t1, psivahll within three %oers in public xurer of the 'tale akind of scrap which was thenD greatly ilepreciated Phelps sand tGorman failed to


16 SENECA.S AND OTRER INDIANS, FIVE NATiONS uFf ŽiOW \0ORZ.

comply in full with their agreement and subsequently l'fasochu.'etta brotirht suit torecover title A coinpromise agreement was effected, however, under which Phelpand Gorman obtained a clear title to about 1,900,000 acres of the originalarthremainder I eing ina relinquished to the State March S. 1791, Allssarhis-etta Coo.veyed to Robert Morris for 522,00 the land which Phelps and German had failedto acquire Mfomrs retained 900,000 acres of this land, which tiserealter becameknown as "The Morris Reserve," and by four separate deeds in 17,92-93, conveyedtse remainder, aegrgDin 3,600,000 acres, to a company of Amsterdam capitalists,Tmon. whom WKTIPhem 'It %illnick was thse lardiest ownser' These conveyances from

Mori were coupled-WTMgra agreement on his part to extinguish the Indian title,which hegromnptly endeavsred'to do and which finally resulted in the agreement or

trayOf Big Tree, September 13, 1797 (7 Stats.. 601)The Amsterdam capitalists subsequently became known as the Holland Land Co..

and in 1610 the company conveyed to Deavid A4 Ogden certain deseribed lands, em-bracing an area within which will be found Use' present Allegany, Cattaraugiss. andTuscarora Reservations. Ogden later associated other capital

tiszs withi him Dai the

combination became knorn as the Ogden Land Co. title to all lands acquired beingtaken in Use name of certain members, in trust for the rompsi1y, which, however,was not intorporsted Later a trust deed was executed under whirls the holdingsof the company were divided itot 2.0 shares of no specified valune XV dispute

havig aise am Us shrehldes, uitwasinstituted, in which a part of theloin owers ereplantifs, he emaiderhem defendants. December 10, 15S33a dcre wa eterd i th Spree CurtofQueens County, N Y designamingChares E Appehyof Nw Yok, atruseeand W~ifliasm f Waddisrtton as co-

truteeof he oncrn.Wadingon iedpror to 5S73 leaviug Charles E Applebysol suiriua trste ofth copan~ws srve unilsitlaterpart of 1913 whenhe aso ded Wo no repesens tl remp an in s otilalor lgalcafac ity is sot

knon, ut n 594Useowersof hee 2 hre wee rpotedt be.

Estate of loshua Waddington ........... . ...... .................. 4Estate nf Peter S Scherm~erhorn. ........ ........ ... ..... ....... .......Estate of Thomas rLud low Ogden ..... ..... . ........... .... .............. 2Esstate of Louisa Troup ...................... .......... ...... ...... 1IEstate of Abraham Otiden................... ............. .............. IEstate of Robert L. 'lillotson................ . .... .. .... ........ .. .... IEstate of Duncan P Campbell ... ....... .... .... ............... .... .... 1Estate of Charlotte Brinckerhoff ..... ........ .. ........... .........Estate of James S. Wadsworth ....... .... .. ........ ..... ............. IEstate of Ogden Murray.................. ... .........................Ertats of Benjamin W Rogers ........ ................ .......... ........Estate of Robert Bavard............... ......... .. ..... ..... ... .... ICharles E Appleb . .... ................. ................. IEstate of Shaw and Wilson, now held byv Bank of Esc-lati........ ........ .-

Total ...................... ...... .... ... ... .... ...... ... ... .NiThe nature and extent of the claim of she Ogden Laud ro, still renin ins to te roe.

cidered, bosser ci. This elates has receivei lotions 'tesinnsions. ha'4. i' grown,in the es-timation of the csompao v from an originail righit of pircemplitiuf to tlat of anabsolute lee. Manny theories have bees adveered as to its cxaet nature and thedecisions of the State courts before whoat this issAiterI, ti ecU brTought are tnot con-ducive to a celmr understanding of she case. Mfuch fruitleis labor scents to havebeen expended in an effort to determine the locus of tie fee. preutisaby due to theold common-law fiction that tiecessoily Use fee Must be in somic one That thisis merely a fi~ction, however. is apparent from a amesitnt's consideration In whomis Use fee to an uninhabited and undiscovered island in the Paicific Ocean? Osdiscovery does thie fee &rnse and hail the discoverer as a delis erer'

Ogden O Lee (6 Rill, 546) would indicate that the lee to the selans listsn the SeneraNotioti, subject to the preemption right ceded to Nfassschii..kvtt.h Itshre State of NiewYork. Feltows v Lee (5 Den 02S) affilruiei the dcci nit id sthe tuner coutta on theground that. ths Itnditan title to land is an nbsolite f"' and Via' tilt pireetption rigltceded to Mfassachusetts was simply the right to acquire by pirtrintie wthetes er thtSIndianus choose to sell. In Seneri Nation r Cliri'ii'. 41

2",31 D I 22f ano. h~ener

Nation s Applebv 1127; A. D., 770) the prixrelptiun richio in t1w (qtrhe l.atid Co.eems tohiave matured into whathuassriously b(~u!stvtd lesstae, s heIstright o1 occupancy," "qualified fee," 'staked Is"' ,lmsitvte fv, usc But. lititssatisfaction is obtained frM examamiun. these airious Jt-iLnorts witl, a vlew of detcr.V

SEBECAS AND OTHER IDIO~AN'S, FM9 NATIONS OP NEW'I YORE. 17

mining justwhere the fee itti theselands lies. Neither does aprocessosfelliminationprodure a mom sati-foctor' result, Necessarily fou'-th IW_ the g,~Injdiana. sthe Nation, the State. and the Ogden Land Go 'rhedoctrine AOf discovery, ~eai~i own 0 T ohiuson sv.-c ascntosl imp-ali,Wones ntor -recognise an a bso-lute Iee in an Indian tribe, their right being that of postsesuion only We have hereto-ltre seen that the absolute fee wast never placed in the Federal Government, nor isit in the State sf Newm York, the latter bain g ceded all right and title, except that ofsovereignty and jitrisdirtion, to ldaarachusetts, Massachusetts parted with whatevertitle it acquired, and we find the present claimants to be the Ogden land Co. It aswell, therefore, to examine with greater man the compact between Mlassachusetls andNew York. Thersecondiand tenth articles resd&

"Secondly The State of New York doth hereby cedegrant release, and confirmma. to the said Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and to th Den 0i the Comtmsotweailth,

their gointes-- and the heir- and ansigns of such grantees forever, the right of preemp-tiso Of the soil from the native Indians, and all Ushsir estate-, right, title-, and poet(the right and title of goverament, sovereignty', and juisdiction excepted) which theState of New York both of, in, or to (description of laod involved follows).

"Tes thly. The Cosmmonwealth of Massachusetts may grant the right of preemptiontf the Whale or soy port of Use soid lands and terrttories to any person ortperoam whoby, virtue of such grant shall have gsed rihi to extingish by purchase te claims ofthe native Indians Providing hotreto That no purchase from the native Indiains byany Such groatee or grantees shall be valid unleso the smie thall be made in the pressore of and approved by a suiperisntendent to he appointed for such purpuse by theCoammsnwestt of las.'achbusettee and having no interart in such purchase, and unlessschcl purchase shall he ronfirmeu bvthe Comionoweslth of Massachusetts."

Is constiruing the fore-omug in Ciden s Lee (soproj, the court said:"In the adinotment olt'teconflicting claitno of tO ~tatesollof i sarchusetts and New

Ynrk to the troctof cosntry which includes the Cttiarauguit Reservation, Maasacbu-rolls ceded alt her rirht to 'the governmsent, sovereignty, and jurisdiction of the dis-puted territory, snu New Yos'rk coded 'the right of preemption of the sOil from thenative Indinos 'The words which follow-'arod all other the erstat, right, title, andproperty which Use Stole of New York hath-were not intended to enlarpo thegrninto an unquiliftetl fee ItLisimpossible so Suppose the partiesmesot to disregpr andret asde the ndian title, which they had but the moment before full3'recognszed bycontracting for 'tse right of preemption oftUse oil from thenativie Indians.' Thispeoit is rendered still more cltear by a subsequent clause to the deed of cession. Bythe tenth article the Commsonweslth of Iflasschusetts was authorized to giant 'theright of preemption,' and nothing more, and her grootees were only to acquire 'coedritlit to extiopuish by- pnrchase the claim of Use native Indians' a e Theirrifbt (the Indianai') is as perfectunoseas itmseawhen tie first European landed on thiscontinent, with the ringle exception that they can not sell withiont the consent of theGovernment. The right of occupancy to themn and their heirs forever reminste whollyunimpaired Theyiare not tenants oftoe Stste, nor ofits gratees Theyhbold undertheir own original title. The plaintiffs have acquired nothing buth gttoprchase whenever the owners may choose to sell. ' u h ih opr

The doctrine laid down in the foregoing appears sound. In san) event, by elimi-noting Use State and Federal Governments, in neither of whom it seems the fe cc etol,and p aring in ]uxtspnirtioo the "title ~' of the rndmans against that of the OgdenLand Co., we instantly recognize the ,tronrer-the fudians, The court- of both theNaotion and the State base repeatedly deru.sd the right of the assignees of M1assachussettsin any manner so interfere with the rioht of the Indians to the peaceful and continuedpo=sIOn of their soil We' dismiss, itefo, from further consideration any attempt

todeemane the locus oi the fee. and odmit, for all intents- and purposes, that it liesldormant and will remain dormant unitil present conditions are changed. Someworkable piln under which these conditisons may he ameliorated is of fay greaterimport either to the Xatnon, the State, or the Indiaiis, than any' frutitliess pursuit of theloras of the fee.

The Indians deny that the Ogden3 Land Co. has any vshd elaite to their lands, huttthe convention between Massachusetts and New York involved upward of 0,000,000acres and the validits Of the original grant to Nfa'oachusettsr, and the eubsequset saleby that State has been too long recocnized and upheld b's a long line of court decisionsts jusntify any attempt to repod~ist the transaction at' this late date The title toantlions and millions of dollars, artril of puroeprty in Use wertern part of New York as-based pofosnrily on the consventice be(tween iho tire Stoles. It is nut seen lina Usemouds reald repsdidate it. fn fact, itasr-tearsto havo been confirmed by the NationalGovernmen. L Seneca Nation v. Chlri.tie, hI2 C S,, 24-285.)

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18 SEXECAS AND) OTHER INDIANS, FME NATIONS OF NEW TORK.

V&arous attemp~tsb hovebeen made from time to time to adjust the claims ofthe OgdenL.And Co, but without success The act of Augtvt 15, 1S94 (28 Stats, 301), directedthe Secretary of the Interior to invet igat the claim of the compnyst, which investi-vtiaon wanhod andt rrport submitt3'ed oie Fifty-third Co.lrete third'~e-sioi (Senate

xecutiye DoaetNo, 52.) Late, by aci of March 2, 1505 (2S Stats , SS), thedeprtmnt as uthrand t neotiate with the Ogden Land Co. for the purchase of

it. lai whch nvetigtto si-n aso ad nd e~irt ubtitad to Coniress underdate o i'ebrarv 201567. House ocumen No 20 64thCone) l ater, billswer inrodcedlooingto netlenen ofthemater Br.R 1270, 53d Cong ,aud

H K726, 1th ongess. bth f wichfaiedof enactmentMattrs tus sood ntilabou 190 whe th Seneca Indians in'iitutted suit aitrost

Charles E Ap3.lob%%-, rvivinq trustee, tot' the rur-r,'e of tcr-tise the ext'ntt aodvalidity of the Ogdein Land Co, a claim This resultA, in a, decision by the f'iusremeCourt of the State of New York virtuadi, recognizing the ultimstz fee a. being in the:Ogden Land Co., with night of posseseson to the Indian!. A4s to the title of the Ogden

Lan Co,, the decision os the court is net of ereat import, but one firgggestion made bythe court in its decision is of great intqriest at this timoe.

"The affirmance of the judgment (of the lower court) dies not establishg the propo>-aition that if the plaitisrff becomes diitgae that tle deirssdant'st ttlewill vest is

poeteat once. Allotment aomonr the indsvidaal Indians by the plaunttif hasbeggen peristted for a considerable period by the Netional Gtes-unsent lftderftauceas allowed ut accorsdance with the astattes of the Siaie of New York miis coneyanercesamonigst the Indians are also allowed It may well be held that i-ten thoug th 'enation in iti tribal capacity should be dissolved. if the indiv'sduasl Indian holds hisland by turtue of this reeconized method of allotment, that thea occuipaoiry will con-tirnue to his most remnote descendant

amefet ti oudiU11eta hcorsm fngtedtsrtlegmtitohlfiaalomnof ths ad amoul ng it theId atswl ;n ottrtslttgo fin roo !aoa holfilsa ribttenloa vstag ofthe right of the Ogdeu Land Co if aiiv umsh rtght extsi, lit oilier words,

th landsa may be allotted to individual members of the irilse asid ntill remain subjectto the claim or right of the Ogdlma Laa Cof , This seems to be the basis on whichrecent proposed leginaltion, by the National Government is founded (Uf. P. IMIS,

/63d Cong., 3d re-sn V. 'Whether that ceintetaties is souutd, remains yet to be seen, Ineither event, no matter iii what mint this qestisot iss adjusted the laruspect of its

A, ultimately beu~g thrown~ intoe tlte it-iris for if nomes is exceeditigl -tsrnui~g Thereprsenttivs ofthe gde Lan Co.whei lat apsroched plas-cd ws-!-, uri re-p~rdd a a icttios vlueon teirclam, f a~- omplsory metho.d of settlementi~e nvoed a byconemnaionus, oul sacemuaretheinstirtlriot of proceedings.withthe overmentacite asporiolaitiff Douilemif the haivis are allotted

oubectto he igh ofthet~i~lei L-sdCorepresentatitot of that t-swit-s-y wouldpromtlyinssrue sit o tst he owe cftheFederal Gov ernmtent no to In, or the~-aidty o th alotmnten ade baa~a thlsclaim on the theor,- that the "ultimate

full title sn the conipanv rblognzto b lo nn eLHowever, it is ot seetil how the power of the Federal Governmtetnt to enf-orce a divt-

sion nf there lands amouir the tribal tjmtterbshioii-.,i he du" st-d If tuu~~o itir thetrithe ha-s to i-uecified irons- withiti thr-e reservatwios is jlia-d by suthorit, Of Conirersin iidiavtdua~ members, who would de-ity- the powrr of Cuttycoet suto :,ito' if suchaction is- had and the Ogden Laud Co or in- erssgsuu-'v instulte piroceedisrs to lestthe right of the individual Indians, tsecm-sarily the tGovernment must stand behindthe Indian to defetid Ihis title

The Itidians not heinze satisfied with the decistins found in The Setieco Indians a.pplebyv (1l7 A D , 7785 the casFe wazs appreled stud the appellate court of \ew

'uork dismissed the prcedings on the ground flit the IdtaidiF were without powerto sue and that rho oe court was ~without [sower to try and &itctrinot the vuse(196NI Y, 31St This virtually ouil ;fieel the dectsion of thblow I-,ortir na-- Is-aeithe matter still at large Alte i xa'ninitig the umimorous- sfevtions hi- the Sitotcourts relating to this mattear. i :~with great iatusfattitio ete ri-visithe 115 int 5'abefore the appellate court nf thi St3e and fitnds ilu-citt the folloing

'Nor intl stall a subjrct of rv-ret that weilitid that theaiin, t it-, 1 i-i is 0-111ittteidOn the cotttrarv, we thinik it alettnetily wise of the fi-cidatnre tint to liave authsetzed adetermination now of questionts ichish may anot arise nittil the reutin' Utttire atidi-oltho'edetoe-mination when 1hey ari-comat- be'ierlenul) sfiocteil V,, teunsierr.tosa we caotnot now foresee * The. respondent centutlsd that thie ritsivi of the Indtauswill not survive the dissolutisoti of the station or tritisf t',t us bile the leariuid

d4ce of the apjpellate divirioni is of optistio that thea righits continue so long as thear e actually ocs.,pied by ludtaus of thus ribe, w&hilor the rirte a, sit. entity

SENcECAS AN~D OTHER lNIDIANS, FMV NATIONS OF NEW YORK. 19

con:i:,:,, It enits Cr net * The~ oustion hod much better iso left. till thenatino or tribe becomes disisnegs-ated, schou the courts of that day will losubtlesmbe competent to deal with it, as well astwith the whole question of what rights, if any,the defendant or his successors in interest have in the lauds embraced in thesereservationts-

Did the franmers of the compact between Mdassachusetts and New York ever dreamof the future difficulties being stored up when they cosaceived the plan of divorcingthe right of preempition from that of sovere ty?

The claim of the Ogden Land C.h. cotan uouslv as in effectier o bng-block to at ready ol ution of "the New York Indian Frolslem," The company hasnot heretofore bieen disposed to place a reasonable va ue on its claim and the pay.mreat 01 an exorbitant price ehould not he considered, in view ol the doubtfulnature of that claima. Axithin recent tears manycof the Indians have manifested a

etoi endeiscy to obj ect to any disturbance of itat claim After the decision of theaplaecotirt, holding that they were without i-opacity to site, the tribe applied to

ith tt legislature and by that body weem granted the requisite authority Thematter wee iFroppee at that ptahoera the I ndians be-pan to fear that any die-turbance of the claim would resul in aspeedy allotment in 'sev eralty, a dissolutionof thteir tribal orgaoinations, and the assutcptton of full rerponsibilities of citizenship.In other words. the claim has acted as a blanket to protect them from these ultiamteeodt, whichobey doanotappearto desire, As matiters now stanrddtheyenjoy the fullbenefits accorded othier residents of the State, ouch as adequate gochool facilities,excellent highwaysa constructed within their reseiriatiotus at the expense of the State,vet at the smes time their property is exemapt from taxation and the Inedians are nothound by finatcifal obligations arising under cotitacte- From a personal or selfIshstandpit tere-Ire, why should they desire a change?

At in on exense the sltate maintains 33 echools exclusively for Indians and em-plots 37 teachers therein, If the State is denied the right to inx their lands, shouldit be expected to support, protect, sod edncate the Ind~ans? Has the nation beetialtotgether fair to the State in this matter? Sihould not this he a burden upon thenation rether than the State? If the nation denues finaoncial responsobillty, shouldthe State be deitied the right to ta or to take inch other eceps as may be noecessry toselve the problem?

By invitation, from time to time, the State legislative assembly has inviited thesepeople- to divide their land! in severoltv, and the courts of the State hat-e respected,as folly as possible the di, ision aso made Beyond this the stLate could not go. as theINationi has guaranteed these people peareiul 'oaessiono f their nuil The State hasbeen without power to compel a division of their lands, as this power in peculiarlyvested in the Nation.

Slaorch 21, IWs, the State legislative assembly appointed a conmnittee of five toin e-eMcoe The Indian problem in Now York, and the report of that committee, withexteLNsie exhabits, covering some 410 pages of prntued nattr wap reseted to theassembly under date of January 31. ISS Niuch t aluable data can begthrd fromthat report, and the specific recommendations made by that tomintittee are not withoutinterest even at this tune They road

1. That a compulssory attendance school law he enacted2 That the legislature requtest the General Gov~ernment totake action toextiaui h

the claim of the Ogden Co. to tse lands of the Setiecas and that portion of the Tusica-turns cot ered by it.

I 'ihoat the lands of Use several reservations be allotted in severalty among theseveral members of the tribe, with suitable restrictions as to alsenatioti to whites, aodProtection from judgments and other deals, but rue-h dii ision not to go into effect asto lands affected byv the Ogden Co.'s ceabti until that claim be removned This allot.ment in set eraltv' ought not to be listited to a dii ision of the powression of the land,bat ehouId cmptse a radicoal Uprooting Of the whlole- tribal EN-stein, gis tog to eachadmI idual No.s ornte owerhip of Ihis share of the- land in fee4, The re-peel of all extititig laws relating to the Is-f ans of dise

ttsre. rxce-pting

thtse Prohibiting sale of liquors to them sand intrusion upois their lands, the extensionof the Ions of the State over them, aiid their absoiptkninit su citizenshlip.

The State subsequently enacted stud hon with a rs-asoitable Inasstire of successenforced a compulsory attendance school law, but as to the ulli,- rs-coeriisonuitiousthey stand to-day practically as when made 26 years ace, If ai much longer must

k the State await theliw-asi~re of the Nation in olfer~ig a olution of the problem? Thatpresent condittoiso cionld be permitted to continue inifofinite-ly on these rs-en.riatlonswoall bonabtameupon the Nation and adisgrce tothe State. luar taleritv of thesetribes the infus-ionof white bloodhabaenbossogre-ut that out of us Indiian

5I Popois-

tias of over 6,000 in the State. one will find scarcely a nineler full blood, 1cm than 600hail bloods, and a prest number nilth so msuch wlsite blond that only the closest scru-

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I..20 SENECAS AXD OTHER INDIANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW YORK.

tiny Of a keen observer will disclose any Indian characteristics The remnants ofthe farmer tribes en LonglIsland have iourunarried so largrely with negroes that theirprese~nt desrendanta aire more nearly negro than Indian. All of these people deservebut scat sympahy therefore. ea "Indian.." although anyv adjuosnment of their

affairs should be bascd on sound principles of justice and humanity A large Per-cenageofifiin ioi' eaceda cmpaatvely advanced stage of education and

civlistioi aongci tai lies.Man ofthe ar prgreasve, shrewd. keen,. busi-nealmenwis bes lad aliitig. fne ome. ecelentbarns, up-to-date fanningimplmneie.and n anumer o cus e en utoobies.On smie of shea. reserva.

ann mariae n alare xtet cnsstsef utcohabitation and divorce but separs.ann t peasre i th mist o thivig cmuinitacs. in some eases adjacent toface ciica.sheconstiuncr f sch cndiion is abhorrent to the finer senisibilitiesi

of cisilizeal itankinti The i.aoe should lhase~breen removed long ninca and nodoubt would have been hail the power existed in the State to force ao effectivesolnuton of the problem

Nothisng in the foregoing should be construed as, intending to imply tiat thesereservations are hottaeds of iniquity or corruption Among there people will befound manly upright, honorable iearn and women, who are law-abiding. self-respectinginhabitants, hut die lax enforcement of the law on Uhses reservations allows dieinnily element lull license to do pretty much what they please, Being powerlessto dissolve the tribal organiztion ad to cmpel a division of the lands among theIndiana, die State col -onyaide in Pactience the time when either die Nationwould 'remiove. the obstacles or ihe Indians voluntarily agree to a relinquishmentof their thisl Thus the tribes to a forgo extent have been left to themselves, both bythe Nation and the Stair. fin so far c- police supervision and internal government iaconcerned Doubtless the State baa beeit ititluenced in ito action by the doubifulquestion of jurisdiction ond thme ruperior Power of the Federal Government over diesiubject matter

One of the most serious difficulties, however, presented in connection with a solu-tion of thLs matter lieu in tt.e fa-t that to all iiatenlo, and piirprise the'e reservationswere "allottied' vcears ago The Indians tinder their tribal govcrnment have diNi iledthe lands among'themselves; valuable Improv ements have been erected, and irans-fers have been made by sole, purchase, gift, or otherwise, until the present claimantsare confirmed in their reupective holdings by recognitioii of U-e tribal officers. bythe tribal membership at large, and even y~ the State couro, who base upheldl mich

trnatin hrewd members of the various tribes in many cuses have acquiredlrandacholdngs martmsie xesoftenmewfarstowihte eidb

entiledundrapeset pr rsa dvison aturally, to a man ouch owners oreoppaedto ny ectcraat hic wold otrecognize and conArin their presentpntesnonthetite t whch heycesld n mny races prove by inheritance or piur.chas fr soluct~e cnsieroion Cnes taybe'fouind, of course, where the acquisiii

tionwoud no ber th liht o cle soestertin. ait n de najority, of cases it willbe oun tht rohiiulielr~tase o th lita entof deuate consideratioii has

beenuth baiole eite "titl orad aloI tearag owich the present owner

Those members sI if., rXtri who pe=eesno land nalturally are in fascr ofa di, anonof the tribal Property It their right as a niember of c-ne of hese iribes~ is wirib aniy-thang in d.llae-anod etots they watit it, andsh-e factionof the iritues-fasorin OdiN ionis competed Isrey of thiscl.c1 Afe. avii i dn ruiu nsiccv th ap-c.tmate number of acres to which thea would be eitittie in, care of a rootaltmntor who havesa fainaly with sufficient membero to absorb dir entire ue o cuidwould he very glad to receive ailtimate title w-ibh power to Consvey. oitesa onpracticallyv everv reservation se~ch power, coupled with their present title wouldpractically double the per acre value of their lands which, oven at slur diii io by tnomoeans tinconsiderabule

The lands of the St. Hezis Resers tiun are fertile iarrniirL laids sod itatri ii theseIndians are expert dairvison The Tou-corir Resersatios lie withit tune of the toastfertile parts of the *:tate of New York and the lands there arc serv saluinhle bhaiti furagriculushcd r n-a.2e7proe The nliecwlt Re-Tvsutues oit Lotne Islandas not ofa xee .tt Itch -ahsit fr sria I lrirtl laurposs set thes-e tattil are sobeautiuy 4!uaed wul-tuu'u-~k liass. Z w-sall arts of the At toti,' (t'-sveti--lato-day hyhv i actu value of apprcoxiinrtely $-2,trill per acre to iOTilit-purpss Maswr vh people from New -rta Oits a itd Plnecitere have built hutes11umme orsi ihoutmpteu, .whiutias tint 2 otiles dstieant frost thi. crc!cruand within which unimpros ed land is wurth about S5,000t lu-c acre at this tinie iithe Onondaga Tonasranda Allir~anv at d Cattaratnni, tl~tervailioos the satlev tutidare eryfertile atid lasve t1-i,.ii 1 ese l rut li, u-lr mai, sears past 'ui

tibro commercial value ani the hull, mthiina lic-, rescervattuni hiss been remes id

6EUECAS ANSD OTHTER INDIANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW YORK. 21

long since and these landlsare now mainlyval.uable forgrazing purposes Tlteavercag

valueof the landsw-ithin theseres-ervstuons will closelyapprostniate 560per acreBefore aty attempt is made to sontent ano adjustment of present landholdings an

accurate survey of each reservation should be made, she p resent owner of sorb acreuscertained. the manner in which title was acquired tanked into,* and the generalconditions studied with a view of offering she moat equitable plan, both to the presentholders and the tribe atl large. Is brief, each reservation should be toads the subjectof a epecial study and such muasures taken as would best fit conditions an that rticular reservation. Any broadeide legislation applying indiscriminately to all sos1roservations and designe to affect present iaodhol diags. aside from meeting strenuousopposition, mithit produce disaister, At present these people are contented, fairlyProserous, and, in a few cases, wealthy to a limited extent. The greatest presentneed on these reserv-ations is proper police Eupervisies and the enforcemeuit of thelaw. Tho peace officers of the State have been chary about enforcing Statse laws,moved in part by the doubtful question of jurisdiction and possibly more so by theuncertain outeome of any attempt to collect their usual fees.

Each reservation should be proivided with an officer with full powers to ace that thelaw is obeyed The pow ow placed is the hands of the tribal organizations shouldbe promptly curtailed, as, in the Past, this power has too frequentiy, bern used forselfs purposes or is other cases has not been esercisod to compel order and obedienceto the law. In the peanthU tote has bees burdened with prsctically all expenseconnected with whatesver ent meit of the loas boas beon compelled, all local educa-tional facilities furnished, and set its hands have been effectually tied insoa far astaxation of the Property of the-sspeople is concerned The Nation eliould either untiethe knot by turnisng lbs entire matter oser absolutely to the State or else assume fulljurisdiction and effectually enforce it.

In viw of Ihe atpro joririction and power at the Federal Government over thesubject matter, its broader experience iii dealing with Indiian problems.teugnneed for some remedial legislation and the inability of the State so offer or force afeasible solution it is rupgested that the matter be placed beoler Congress with recom-mendatitins that legislation to accomplish the following results be speedily enacted.

IPromptly curtail the power and authority now lodged in the respectier tribal

"T" Place one or more representatives of the Federal Government on eachi reserve-.ties, with full powers to maintain orer and enforce obedience to tie Jaws, ouch ofitcent to be subordinate to the special agent or other officer in charge of the New YorkIndian~a.

3. Dcl are the ndian res-ervations in the State of.New Yorto be"Indian coun~try"within the meamong of the Federal statutes prohibtiing the introduction of into.Mcanltsinto ouch country-

4. Provide for an acaurate Furves of the lands within each resernation. so as to tde-termin the p Iesn e e or claimant of each acre therein. the tints when and mannuleranwichsc nson was acquired and the equitable right of such owner tbereto,

whic shold h couledwith an invertiration aso to present membership of the tribestwong and an thsewho are without cucli means.

Posesson f nfomatonsuggested in the preceding pemeraph should enableepeeific recomosendation to be inade with a view of roggeating an eqjuitable adtjust-ment of the Nest York Indian problem

Ap preciating fully die need in the Indtan Office of a ready reference to at least cmof the many court decru..io. congressional documents. aini miscellanieus papersrelating to the New jocrk Indiana, as index of the character indicated has beenprepared and attached hereto as an appendix.

Ih espectfuily, Jonz R. T. R~EEVES

IS.

APPENDIX.

Tut Sawa Yoniu 1Isamora.

STRATIES.

October 2?, t7M, (7 Stats , Ill, with the Six NaiuoneJanuiary I. 17 S9 (7 Stats . 331. with the Six NatiioisNovember 11, I75-4 17 Stats- , 44). with the Sir NattonacDecember 2. 1794 (7 Stats , 47), Onerdas., Tuscaroras, and StockbridgesMfav 31, 17961(7 Stalts , tat Seseti Na\'tions of CatiadaMarch 2-9, 1797 (7 Slats, 61), 31ohawks-

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22 SEBOECAS AND OTHER INDIANS, FIVE NATIONS OF NEW YORK.

September 11, 17;a; I- Stats GOI). Seneca2s and Robert Morrii-June 30, IS0'2 (7 Stats., 70-7i)), Seniecaus.February 8, 1631 (7 State., 342), Menomninee in Wisconsin, ceded land (tar New York

Indiana).October 27, I1332(7 Stats , 407-.409), Mienominee in Wisconsin, ceded land (for New

York Indians)Jsaouory 15, 1638 (7 Stats., 630), Six Nations.February 13. 1833 (7 Stalts , 160), St, Regis.May 10, 1S42 (7 State., 13), Senecas.Juno 27, 1546 (6 State , 35), Senecao.Novemnber 6, 1857 (UI State .735), Tonstwandos.November 5, IS57 (12 State , 991), Tonatwandes.

A Cre.

February 19, 1675 (16 Sumt., 330), leaning, surveys, etc,, Senecas.September S0, IS90 (16 Stats 118) loosing.February 26, IS93 (27 State 470), leasing.

Juno 10, 168 (26 Stass, 14 nal leasting. ireaugtola

FD'..r21 611(3 S "tats 627), leaningMay IS4V7. 2 Stt. stio suveys4Cataraguh

Do. mmi. No CIorn.lmuo. olmo Pge

Do .......... .. i.. 0'.. .dO.aL; ..... . . S xdo.......... . ............ 0

Dol),. 2wthelrnd,,rOM. . .15 . . 00267

Do....332 (1 Hn 50) 6£.O,. Thr . . .Do..r .Jhn 60S0o P£03t662.5od . . .

140. Daoo~" oI Co. In theryd o750Hun 39boor

Reseroviati A. .oreite &I.voo., Sny C.Abdern~ ae, ~. O0Ol 01011

Act of Claims to0005000hmoi

RAnt toKnoay (1udon e0)

Shehnc .Mt e S.un,60)

Shehnat ree(2eAdDs67)

-T,IISIII

SENECAS AND OTHER INDIAXIS, FIVE NATIONS OP -NEW TOBK. 23

Congqressional docm~knis rdlating Lo Kansaso I=&cd

DoromooL l~~~~~~~~a Coogroao. O~~~~~~~~meloo. PmqO

Estoot6.1- deo~aolz,.... Y Yauiri ... T hhrd.Beoom 76£ Foo. t~~b . .Sor n 6 41i2-4St-It0 mtalellaotoos _. " .do O r o oaGM2

D o. . .. t'. Va3..c~h .P o.. £67

Booow. 7015 .. do. II £6440~dSI~oo E..... .. 2... 66e -d o. do . £ i1l7H=o oeo4 o .... £.293 do22£00

Oooalr mloorilaoooon. 40 ?i~~~~~wsoad. d~. -- 261 2,390Rous. 216 .II 0 . 33 24970

D o.. .... ..... t.1 67r .01 6 ........ do: .. ... 4£ 10673Stoow .... . . ff46 .T ; ... ... . ..0 50 4210

6.001..~~ 222 dil .. ..... 4~D o .......... it do . d . 6 64

Do........ .... ~~..1ib .. eod .. 6 6

000400£th-e oplo ondop~leolo,ts Volu. ooid p0060re ttnoo are to olotce~ll-ol Indian daousa lso

Jodli= Offies 0boaoy

CoVE? DECISIONS RELAI.AfG TO THE0 XKASAS AWARD.

New York Indians v. United States; (30 Lt. Cinims; teptso. 413).New York Indianso. United Stte 33 Ct. Claims Repts- .110.)New York Indians e~ Unid States (40 C Claims Repts., 448).New York Indians .UntdSae(41 Ct. Claims Rtepts., 462).New York Indians 1.Uie tts(70 U. S,, 1).United Statessr. New York Indians (173 U. S , 464).

THE OGDEN WID CO.

Act Auut 15, 1564 (23 Stats .301).Art Mrh2, 18615 (26 State.. SS7).

Congresosiorl documentso relating to.

D-o-.0L N7o. Claroos. Sooo. 'o.

Boost . . 4-6* ! ....... FloTim. ....... .Beonit owoL2O. ...... r...

Th ird ..... 24

DI..o ..... . .£74 F .......... iI wood....... .2 04260£6Il5.olal... .. . I 610 .I`4: : .::' ..... S 64I66

Healtop an 10, 7202 .. . Tifio 16hb.. ...

Doralll.... o uoM,r 'Laonr,3

,5.~I

vo~l140. Pam.

Do.7 43076By 060 Board 0£ I0,161 4.14011 -1,1 00 . .... . . 201 e

Ep Boo. 06,01.1 Thorloon.. . 4......... .6£ AM3670a 1,105O. 0510401 £6L0S~I~ ~ 0. . . £'17 4ByO apol. -oo£1 £6661 (SUM oOblj~ '0 6.) ............... lb 0£S I410

An orthoeofooonardooalloell,£I hi 1 O100d- L..d C., h~i.. ',al0 o'roditloo oo.olo= 1£a lb. im tI b-Op,,r-o.i.'oaoad'ooiooo r 0£lc£aoldoD~iO

Z aLibrary.

Decided Doe. 7, 191C Not Yoo roPootd. 11old list oil dopooft £0 1,1b0£ ooho 1. lo- dhldonlpuro5,,1


24 -FYFIsa %Vfl (TR.Re TWDLIAcS, FMv NAT1ON.5 OF~ SEW YORK.

COL.S MCIr.X3 RELATING -0 TEM OCnCN!'~D CO.'s CLfLi.-

Ogden r L.. . :Fellows v Leo (5 Den 2)Wadsworth D Buff Hyd. Asso (15 Barb,, 83).People v. Pierre (18 Mlisc., 83).Blacksmith v. Fellows (7 N. Y , 401)Fellows v. Blacksmith (19 How U 0 366).New York v. Dibble (2 How u a , 366).The New York Indians (9 Wal. U. a 761).Seneca Nation r. Christie (49 Hum.. 824)Senriea Nation rChristie ~126 X Y , 122).Seneca Nation v. Chrnstie (182 U 8 82S)Seneca Notion r. Appleby (127 A D .770).Senaca Nation v. Appleby (198 N. Y 318).Jenitson v, Bell Telephone Co. (is88 N Y ,493).New York Indians v. U. S. (30 Ct. Cla., 413).Unless otherwiseo specified references are to New York Stole court reports, Many

of the cases hereinafter cited under the Seneca and Tonowanda Tribes also touch oothe origin of the Ogden Land Co.'s claim.

tIWITED STATES SOUitEntE COURT CASES

Leading rases of the United States Supreme Court touching en the Indian questiongenerally. especiallv titles and the power of the Federol Government over theiraffairs. but not relating ;pectshcnlly to the Indians in New York:

Johnson v McIntosh ( Wh"eat.. 543).Cherokee Natioti Y Georgia (9 Pet , 1).Wooster v Georgia (8 Pet , 913).Mitchell v. United Stoles (9 Pet., 711).The Kansas Indians (9 Wat 737)Cherokee Tobacco Cane (11 WVal.. 616)U~nited States v. Cook (19 Wal 9 91).United States ve Rallaa (119 U. B.. 375).Choctawe Nation Y Voited States (119 U S , 1).L4en Wolf a. Hitchcock (187 U. B .553).Suporemoe Court decisions relsting exclusively to the New York Indiana:Felloses v IllaclcUith (18 How., 388).New York s' Dibble (21 How ,386).The New York Indiano (a A% al.. 783).Seneca Nation v Cbrialie (163. U. S, 262)New York Indians- v. United Stoles (170 U.Sa , 1)'United Stales r. New York Indiains (173 U. S, 464).

See also Ben-on v. United Stotes (44 Fed , 176)

TEW YOOK sTATZ COURT DECiSiON'S RELATINO TO,* ARRANiGED ST TRiLES.

Tonatoanda..

Jimeson v Hell Telephone Co. (ititi A jJimezon s Hell Telephone Co. N Y ,493).Batch rt Luckiaia 164 Mitc , tt8).-Hatch v Luckinon (I 5. A D , 7651..Blacksmith v. Fellows (7 N Y. 3 SeL.. 481).Fellow v. IBincksmrith 119 How .366).New York v. Dilible (21 How, 266).People r. Soper (7 N Y , 42S)Blacksmith v. Tracy (1 Demio, 617).

Tuscarora.In re Jacck (62 Misc 424)Petersr Tollefte i52 Alew .617)Peters a Talklhiie er'rAvDl 1219A DCuseick i Da~-is 7A .i. rg~-Cusick v Daly. reversed (212 N Y., 153).'Baies r P~nntii p2(31 Slier .171n cc Priritop (12 'I D. 222)

(so. masked * co t. .had is -si.L. .osh Wuissi. thfmtaim

-I

I1II*1

I

Ceyuga.o Ng Naton a, Land Commissioners (74 StreL14

V . T,! .. T.-. r-.,..*.e-s ,.eri 1 A D . 431.0Ca~v~ N ito a Land Commisuwioiers, reveroal atheined k203 N. Y,

Co-e " O.is i. StiWe () - Y

Mositauk.Pharoh v Benson (69 liisc , 2411.elonootk Tribe r Long slalnd R R Co (28 A. D , 470).Johnson s Lou8 Ilelnd R.. PR. Co (102 N. Y., 462).

St RegL#.

Terrance a. Crowly (62 9isc I138)St Regis Indiana v, Dross (19 John , 127).

erneca.

Seneca Nation s. limesen (5" Misc 81).Silserhel a Mobe(2Ms , 5s&naera Nation v, ~Chrsetie (48 Huon 524y'Seneca Nation v Christie (128 N 'I ,121)'.S~eneca Nation a, Christie ilG

2t. S 24

Seneca Notion r.Applehv(l27 A. D 77Qt)'.Seneca Nation v Appleby (198 N Y .31S).Dole v, Irish (2 Barb. 639).Jemison a Pieres (76AD,9Shongo v. Miller ceat (5A . 339).Ryan v, Knorse (19Hn.50)Seneca Nation v. 8el 55Hu 3).Jones c. Gordon et a 8 ic39

Jimeson a. Leh yv(1 bunc., 3925

Seningenr a Kenned (5 0 un ,4

Senec vain. 11esMien 112NY 4935~.Peo~ple v. Pierce (IS S~ins ,

W aiv Jeinison (13 fbN ( 82Wadsworth v. Butf. H-d o.(9Bab.S)-.Strong asid Gordon a aemn(1Pie 0)Fellowsv. Denniston 2 . 2~The New York Indias( a. 8)

Onondaga.Georgesv Pierce (S5 Mitc, 105)-.George r. Pierce, reported in (149 N Y Sn p230).OnondgaNation a Thacher (29 Mjisc *428).Onndaga Nation a Titacher, affirroed (538A. D., 561)Hastings Ellis (3 flarbe , 4928.Hastings s. Farmer (4 N. Y., 293).

Owiida.Jacks-on v Wood (7 John , 2908Jackson v Shiarp (14 Jolts. 4728Jackson v Goodetll (90 John , ISS).Goodell a Jackson (20 John , 893)Boylan a. George (133 A. D., 514).Dana Y Dana (14 John., 151).

Case -,ksld * Sil1 t ke d teem is oo-i- a sestt lol~mwati

Nlasv of the cases cited relate to roch matters as tcibal and individual propertyright, 'tnibal gus ernient and cret'oinsifinoc, chrit es, plcpoer of the sttate.right ot einilient doitaino inTrisdiction, State and Federal, six A rarrangement ofthe cases accordin~g to their respectiv-e Seleject molieref 'ould prov-e cons enient.The number of ,-ntes re ered Ieowever, is sot so crest is to render it burdensometo Saud a fee' decsreisecat, o: lotli, Di time pouets meotiomied, sod one rose will cares'crossoreferences to ether decisions reltimic to lice saies atiblect sliatter

J ous P. REEVES~

0

I

M .. "

�k 1i


EXHIBIT C


OWS1XAS A1ND'OTREER nIN.DI& , PMV NA101TOS, OF NEW"R : l

WAamrc;ToN,. D. 0; D tOv,gv 1514..The honorablea the Coraasz6V=z op Iwnux Apprkgn.

8m: AssistantComMissiOner Meri-~ boein imly I imprse wth th necessity otaigsme definite action. ooIto an efective solttion, Of the New York Indian

probleM, lnstuCtd meoally inti Searly fllof19183"to getto the bottom otlit,"lfMob Ie. Later you autlhorized me in -writing to visit the several reservations int~hat

fto so as to pr~sent exising cbnditiona' there. The question haaproven of greatintereit and increasnmportance as the investigVin 7 MAsq at,' Ohviction "tha ometb Meldb oe ob.l Corc athe facts herein,~after Presented will show. Present conditions on these reserwrtgons ane so directly

*traceabMe to the time when this couxnfry Wau first 0=c09e by' the 1uEmpeann tiat abrief recouroe to colonial history is esseotiaL- Parly colonists in what is now western New York found the coonnry =mee crimesenel populated by aboxigines of various tribes, principally the Beriecas Oyoas

OnenagoAsOzedaas, and -Mobawkn. Thpze five tribe.s or nations were unitedIncommn lagu knon aongthemselves as Ho-de-no-tau-nee, but generall desgna~ed y te wdts s "Ioquis, ud were much feared during the early dayarntheIrouoi conci th Onndaesas the founders of the l~eau kept the central

fire th Moawk gbrdedtheeasernporaland the sene s tlee 'western. 'The6Omiida wee satone bewee te cntrl freand the east1, -while the Cayugasoccu-

piedadraila positionin the west. Oneecanbut pa~ustoWonderif exploratioi~i nteancent traditions of thewe people ~would not disclose an oraiainb=rdrlng srnl'on free masoomy.

About 1710i thre Tuscarora, then livn inNorth Carolina, became inolved -in. .uarrels with white settlers and adjonnInintbeter.H igbensery

~efeatedIn battle they migrted toNwYork tind were formaly Vaited with thiifive tribes just mentioned, thus makin~g the Six -Nations of New York, by which zamethese Indianasae now mostocommonly kowb. .At the periodoiitsgreatest szeifth-the latter pairt of the seventeenth century-7the Iroquoi league mimbered 16,0C0souls, and even to this day the union still continues to some extent although its 0eoX-

* ponent m emberhp as to tries has materially changed.'With the exception of the Oneidas, 4nd a part ot the Tuscazoms, tbese Indiana

aided with the mother country in the Revolution and were left anmentionea anc1.unj rvided for in the ftrety of peace between Great Britain and ~the confederated.Woonies. Natumally considfemrbe unrest existed among them at did i lose of tlibRevolution, due to the fact that in the main they had sided with 4!e loig atintlrat great stryige. ThaeMobavks moved to Canada and sqttled on Igani pro.-Vided for them by the Britsh Government. where a remnant of this tribe stMl lives.BY treaty the Mobawkas coded to thre State whatever title they had to any land iniNew York, and subsequently the St. Regis Indiana were formiallyadopted 'by theSix.Nations in place of the Mohawkc..

The Cayugas sao solad their land to the State anid gradually .r__grated- etaIo first in the Ohio Valley, lint finally removing to the Indian -Territory and

becmin afihiite wil~ thedrbes there. A few (Jayegae still remain bi NewYor, rsiingprncialy wththe Senecas and Tonawacidas-the latter ari offspinng

of he enea Tbe-exn frquetlydesigated "The Tcrxawanda, Band of Seneca,indiaa:."The Sat. the(~igaeat the rate of 4 shillings per acre and there~.aftr sld helan fo 16shlligs eracre. About 1853 representatives of thie tribe

bega to petitioii the State for tsdfrec npiebetween the one paid to themian ht received by the State. Fbnaly'i 1 a9 teIdsgiative asseibly anther-

ized the land commoinlaier tadstadseleheclaim 6f the VCaya -Indians9,99nst the State for a sum no xc 2in 97,181.20, with an saditional allowanceof P27,131.20 for. lea expentseinurd

The Oneidas als, by various treaties, sold all of their land, except about £50 acres,to. the State, and removed to the reservation in Wisconsin proctired from the MIenour-Iries by treaty with the Federal Government. The 860 acres inh New York belangin'to the O2reidas have long eo iie nsvrl ie.aelwa D9atfibe these Indians are knownx no more in that State. 'Six tribes stlf ren~m inn N6*

Yor, o e egrde a oan iporane t hi tievi, heSenecas, Tonowanda

Tuscrora, Ooudaas t.Eais, nd hiancocate later howvr nev t haing

R D-68-8--vol 104-14


12 sma~As' AND oTEER ThIANSk, FMTE TATIONW5 OF NEW YORE.

abdut 40 miles long and averge from Ito Smiles in width, It is a; to hsrea specifically reserved to the Seneca Indiana in the tresty with It=br Mulorri at"1BigTree"1 Septembe 17, 1707. This entire reservaion Is dublect to the 'prsmp..tiowrlg)4 or' 4claim") of tbo'Ogden, Lead Oo') to which reference to hereinofpter "more

'Jhei Oataauzum Reserveation contains 21,680 sace, located' phinciplljyin Wre(Jbunt~y, a sma part lying iA each of the bounties of Oattam#gus and ChautEuqua.Tlilservation was conveyed to the Bonse Indians by Wilhelm Willnick, et el.,~ed~cwsors of the Ogden Land Co.., b-y agreement dated rune 30, 1802(g7 Stats 0~

=.rbun orhchth encaIdin surede totecopn certal t~radwhic W Wn. rseres t the byt4~,rba at ig Tee. hisreservation in also

Blibject to the pr~eenptlon A gt Of th, de~adCo., such right being speciiclyretained in the agreement aed'to.

The 011 Spring B eservation, located' partlyi Alleeny sad pertly in OattarauguifOnts cointaifis only 840 acre. Its name 1derived from amddy WoI, about 20

W~t it disaseter, located neo tho center of the tract, from which the ndasforinerlyg~theraa a aorI of crude petroleum 1ocaly. known as IISeneca oil, and which wasueed quite extensively by them in early dA,s for medicinal purposes.The Senecas.

yupdaemtbod that this tract wee reserve t them .in. the sale to Ptobe rrsa'Tree, but' tWs fact does not appear from an 4xa~mitation. of the. trenty itself. At

sty rator this reserve wa'sincluded in.a s. byRobert Morris to the Holland Land06., so-called-, and several mesne conveyances transpired until. by deed dated Febra-*Ar 28 1865 one W'Ioneus Pattaisun became the ostenaible owner of a art thereof.On takig p~oasession, the Seneca Indiana nproply began an action in ejectinent

* ~~st~attison. A verdict in favor of the Indians' was rendered by the lower court'the case Nme appealed to the su~preme court of the State and finallyt the court. of,appealb, both. of which affirmed the decision of the trial court;, and ihe Indians haveDin~ed ramained ita undisturbed possession. A written opbimio of the case does not appear-to have been handed down, balt the pinding3 transcript of evidence judgmuent,land decree of the court are still on file in Little Vnlfei, the county seat of battaraugusCObunty.

The Qaonda~gs Reservatlon contains 6,100 acres end Is located in Onondaga, Countyabout O relis south of the cit of Syause. Prior to 179$ this reservation 6mbraced.

amtln oe 65,000 acres. tMarch1 of that year, however, thre Indians sold overtlire~oti t'i ftheir reservtion totheState, nd by sabse4ueattreatka in 1795, 1817,'

smd l8=-the r~evtouwas, reduced to its present mre. Under State lawsi theseIndlausa aie authbrized. to lease land owned or possessed by indisilduals'and smallareas 'within the reservation are so leased. The rands within this reservation are notL.covered by the claim of -the Ogden Landc. o

Tho: T~owawnda Reservatoion now comprises but 7,549 acres lylngipartly in Brie,Gioneseei, and Niagr Counties. Or'Iginally it comprised upward of45,000 acews.

begapartof'thelmadsreeervedto th~euenesdiansintlhesalet&obErthtorrIsst'Big Time This reservation wae conveyed to Thomiaa Lmdlow Ogden sand JosephPelloftby agreement 'with the Six Nations, dated J~anuary 16, 1888 (7 Stats., 550)*sndtfi subsequent treaty with the Senecas of May. go, 1842 (7 Stat&., 5$6 The landembraced Within the present reserve were repurchased. from Ogden end Fellows fortile sum, of $100 000, ins accordance with article 3 of the treaty with the Tona'wanda

Indinadate b~vembr 6185(11 State,, 785). Title was first taken in the Becre-t~r oftheIntrir, ho eldth lends until February 14, 1862, on wbich date, by

daed thy wee cnveyd t th comtroler f te Sa~te of New Yorlc --in trust sad.in fe fo th Tonwand Inians" Ths sttleenteffectnally ext Igushed what,-

ever preemption right the Ogde Ln.o.vehainsdotelanda within thisieservation.

The Tuscarora, Reservation lips in Nia gara. County about 9 iniles northeast of NiagerMi]Wand conta~ines6,249 acres. The ~Uscarora ndians having beenadopted by the

IrqoaLeage ea one of the Six Natioub, by deed dated March 80, 1808, the SenecaaIoN fea1~d 1 squaze mile (84D.. acres) to the Tuscu~ora ln~ians. (Li~ber I, folio

Land Recors of Nia waa County.? It ise r~ported that oubsequentl the HollandCo., ee'o-6'frt Moris 'ratified' vtbis grnnt, andgave to te Tusmsoras

1',280 acrs more, but no record of &any aprdtle to tbiseflect ca- be found. At any'cate, the Tuscaroras occupy and lam tese lands'a a part of their present reserve,*whiih are subject to the preemption rtIgit 6f the Ogden, Land (Co. (7 Rtats., 600),

altiou th Indanaden thi, bsin thix clalmon a decree of the State cqUirt InBufflo, ande dow in 850.This~iltresulted from an agreement with the oedral

06vI~xmen, Jnuay 1, 138,undr which the Six Nitions were to remove west oftheMisissppiDivrandin ntiipaionoftheir romovai the chiefs of the TuscaroraTrib exeute a' eedto Toma ludow gden. end Joseph Follows, predecessors


SX4bgA!ND'OTHRI1L -1ND1>iXl8, #MV T.ATIONS OF Mi YORX- 1

of the Ogden Land Co. conveyng toold Og~ nandFellows, au owners of the.- e-emptive.right, tir..1,926 BoreSlust'roeered to. The-deed was placed inthelixwnd of.INeitmn B. Potter, in escrt~w, pending the perfrmaunoof certalin conditions precedentto delivery. The axpeted'reraioval failed to materialize und in 1849 Win. D. Qhewet .1l, chiefs of the tri o Instituted Suint against wiamat.U:otter and. lossph-JellowsCIhomasL.Ogdenten iing decease); looking to aamu nderxud-csncellation Qithedeed. L verict fa favor of the Indiana w*& reodered.-and the deed canceled by.

decem of the court, Which resulted only in plntilng thb mnattst la atAtu quo, as- ar asthe preemptive rig't of Ogden aud.Fellows-wea concerned. 'The execution of the.*deed warnan admission of theexistence of the pkeenptiveright, and-tie ion~tendou of,the Indiane that the decree of the court canceling the deed also efectually ex-tin-.guished. the rght of preemption -in the Ogden 15eople does'not sappesr tell fouinded.-The records in thd case, ame sti~ll on file in Khe county clerk's vorce at Buffalo.* About the -year 1800 a delegation, of Tuscaroft Yndaisn visited the go'veniar ofNorth Carolina and negotiated a. sale of their lands In that State fur apnXimlately

$1500, wic moeywar dpoite wth heUsiteStaesintrust. n 1804M Cmn-gras auhoried he acrearyof Wi t puchas wih ths mneyadditlonal-lzad- forthee Idias. iththee fnds4,39 areslyig ~thesouh s oust of the 1.9"0

acre alead occpie bythe, wee prchsed i~rtheTuaaa~oa.I~1as.titleto hes lad. as akn b th Seetaryof ar n tustfb th Inian~ bt ubse-

quenly Janury , ~k09)the and wer coveye diectl tothe Tuc Wor rbe,whonowownthele. (oo~A,'~. Niagar County ceksofc.

*.The St. Regis eeatoicnas ,80acres, of wih2,~ ce alwtithe Dominion of Canada. The remnig1,4areontemrcn side lie San.Franilin County, N. Y.1 mand were sacredtothe nis by treaty with the State, .In consideration for which, they surrendered certn ote lands claimed by tham.The Ogden Leand Co.'Is claim never comnprised any part of telands withint thiesreervo.

The binncoc~Bese'vatoncontamning sor 45 ceIn located 'on a neck ofhard unnin i~toShinncockBay, ong Iisrid Soutian tonwa an early poloais:to*~ estbllsed i theseveteenh cetury andthetownt~see negotiated, with

"Sitnneock"chef o th trbeforasal ofthelands. -Tribal tradition has it thatthe hie sod ot tothe*litesand skipped With the moneo While this does not

Compr wtacetdiesof the honesty and integrity of aboriginal ehiefs, yet Itis a atro eodta~etown trustees of Souths~pton in the early days gaveas

leae fr athosan yersto' the Shirmecock Indiana covering some 3,600 aCresknown as. th hneokHills and 8hi-aiecoc1k Neck. Matters e too4thsu4about the middle of the nineteenth century, when the- town had devI~ oscan eltent thsat a More satisfactory arrangement was desired. Accrlgym15the State authorized the town trustees to negotiate with tb.Idas oe esinotheir leasehold estate. An agieement whe reached, under which the Indians sur.rendered the hills, In ex~chang6 for which they received In fee Shinnecock Neck.The ar etie recorded in volumer 8 of the twin. records of Southampton, it Va'ge-'.

Th ,oecovern all of the reservations in New York to be regsrdedaseofany import,aneb at t~is time, but in passing mention may be made of-the Foosepataioks, of ibixed.Indian and negro, descent, Who did occuy a small reservation of about 50 acres Almo.on Long Island, near the mouth of the Eatic River, being apart of the tract of 176acres conveyed to the tribe by Col. William Smith governor of the Territory, July 21700, " to the intent oxyd Indfianstheir children anYp eryemy not wantsiifficmentland to plant'on forever," Also aheMontsaik, Tribe wh~o occuipie~daMontauk Pointthesnortheaaternlextremity ofnLongIsland,",which wasincucded-ln a patent issued in 1688by Govemrno Dongan. too &thefreholderaend inhabitant, of the townuof Eadst Baznton." This grant wasmade~aubject to the Indian right oloccupanty, budt socarried"the perpetual and exclusive right to purchase' same from the lIxdidna.' "Willincomparatively recent years the remnant of this tribe sold their title to this land to -oneBenson, mand these Indiana, as a tribe, no longer exist as such, having-individualli

*became absorbed km the b'ody politic 'Pharoh V. Benson (89 Misel;, Nf. Y., 241.These Initians ~iso intermarred so lar eynh al aswt ere htter;nationalityesa "Indlans",becamne extinict long ago.

The 0ornplanter Reservation in Pennir]Y&Wan, lies just below the line, between-New York and thre former State. The reservation originally comprised 1;5D0 .res:'"grated in lee" by PeiwlvsaiaMarch 18, 1796 to oornplanitir andh hairsea. Eub.-sequeutly, In 1871, the State authorized the appointment of. commissioners to divide-these lands in seysralty among' O" orniplanter'as een~deaat aud 9ther Ofneca, Muimisn

*This was done and..the land was divided &ad allotted to 98 Inidians, without power,*however, to sell to persons other than descendants of Oornplatel, or- other- Seneca


14 SHWBCA AND OTI~ER -INDrIANS, FMV NATIONS 0F N`BW YORR

TheisemnaU reaervations, used in common, afforded only a, ha-yen of refuge to Pos-d ubly otherwise homeless pomsona and for allpRractlcal~purpolien. maay be eliminatedfromx further consideration. The sams might ai esado the Oil Spring Reserva-*'tilon.contalning as it'does, but 640 acres, retained by the Indianai In the early days

~i~s o su reamx rser~tins ho a ryig ned orreform. Naturallyonecatsabot ortheresoswh ten. cndtins holdhav ~ ln~been permittedto ontrsi. Frstan~ng hes wefin t~e qestoz f jrisictonover these

Indans Stte nd edral )Auchnee1eu CS~hjO~ exstsa pety general impres-aie prvalin tht he tat hs eclsiv juisicton.']hissems to have arisen

* frm tw caues, ist ecaue Ne Yor wasone f th ThiteenOriginal. Coloniesndthe "ttle ot1D ad ivl never wan nteFdra oenet and

*secondly, because the State haa exercised jurisdiction while the FdrlGwrmn'to8alarg 1ee ut, has ot. A brief exmin~ationof the ~undae~ntalprinciples ivl

* shuld remove any doubt on thi pointA.common cause united. the colonistsain a mu reme effort for Ind edne and

the succeegul termination of 'the Revolution, 9gter with the =tdart t~reatyof peace, vested fulLypowers of jurisdiction, sovereignty, and government in the 1a* origal colonies, Dfisension Immediately warse to such an extent that 13 bide-peendet natlona seemed imminent rather than one. The interlacing web repre-

* sented bi the Articles of Confederation was not sufficently'stzong .to weave the dis-seningcolnis ito stisactrywhole. The independent ecolinies bad too much

* *~werand he entrl gvernenttoo Mite;. This is a n's~ter'of history, well estab-lishd. y th adptio ofthe edeal0onstitution the colonies ceded to the General.

Govrnmnt ertin e~lde~edpowers. functons, and duties, among which wefind h regulation of commerce with foreign nations among the several States, anid

wth the diam tribes. (ConstitUtionl, Art. 1, sec. 8After the adoption of thes Federal Constitution in 1787 seeveral of the colonies coded

to the Federal Government certain parts of the territory covered by their respectivecharters from the ~British Crown. This territory formed the fhrt land the actualtitle to which was raco~aized as being in. the Federal Government. This area was

isretly increased from time to time, an by the Louisimna purchase in 1803, thre Flori~Ca in 1819, the Gadsden purchase in 1853, thre Alaska puLrchase in 1887~, and others.This vast territory comprises what baa since ~been knowyn as " the public-land States,"1the title to whic 'wanrecogin~ed asbeing in the UnrtedgStates.

* . New York not having cede.d to the Federal. Governmnent the lands within herpresent borders, the actual title is not in tWe Federal Government and as to land nototherwise diqpo~d of by thre State the title'still, remains there. 'Were it, not for thefact that we are here dealing with "an Indian problem" the Federal Governmentwould have practically nothing to do -with, the so-called "reservations" in that state..- avlng joined with Her sister States, however, in the adoption of the Constitution

* New ~York. in bound. to recognize the powers formally cede to. the zation. 'One a~thse is the reguation of cdrnmerce with Indian tribes, which surely is broad enough

to ver traffic i~ilands'occupied or claimed bythem. Again, , the admission of powerinIndian tribes to barter, without the consent of the' lVederal Government. such

title eas they may hive to any lands within the geographical limits of the United states,* ~~is repugnant to the .fundamental principles of sovereignty so essential, to the~ preser-

vation of a nation. This is true, even though the actual title is not in the FideraGovernment. (1ohnson v. MceIntosh, 8 'Wheat., 548; -Wooater v. Ges 8 Pet, 5165

* ,O~~herkee Nation v. Georgia S Pet.,. 1.) Congress at an curly date fuly recogiLsedthe necesaity foi this. (Act 'Aar. 30,1802' 2 Stats.,.443, sec. 12.) Could we afford toadmit the right of an Indian tribe to nedf their land within our border~s to i foreign

ByuestB fongrssdeang wui ilcnsrcio h power of the Fqederal Goveirnment

hasbee a rodct f ncesityrather thin any express delegation of authority to befoud i th Feerl CnsttutonFrom time to time Wew York has enacted sundry

lais prtinig o te ndinawithiin her border, ban provided schools for thZiyout, apoitedattoney toproecttheir interests and -has delegated jurisdiction

* Insonrinatnceaohercours tenterteis their complainta. No case has been founddenying the right of the State so to do, or that~ the laws so eliacted are unconstitutional.

* On ~~~other hand, numerous cans could be cited, if necssry upoding the validityof such laws, where they do not conflict with the Federal Cosauin tete tIndin trbs rcongresaional enactmenta. (New York a.lDibble, 21 Rowje. ). Inbrief, th cple involved may be broadly saited that all State laws beneficial to

Indana'w~ beupheld,.wbile those of a debrimerxtA nature will bs scrutinized with

greater cm. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


SENECAS 'AND OTHMR INDIANS, PI"E NATIONS OF NZW YORK. 15.

in internal matters of txis kind, wherever the Nation reM"n pasalv'e, then th6ftsteof necessity must become active. In truththe Indianiin New Yorkoocngpy asome-.what Peczw~ar statuar In that they may be said to be wards of both tbe Nation and the*state. Jurisdiction seems coricuirent rather than exclusive and in psassng It may 'besaid that The State has always been gonei-ou in d~aln wihths poe .ludgifrom concrete results, the Federal Governmenthas mnifestedbut slightinterest ifitheaffiare of these Indians. Usageates shortomngba been by omisalon rather t1ai bycommission. The New Yor Indian problem Sol aebe itr ogsneOne hundred and twenty-neven years have passed since'the adopt In ofthe Fedqral.Constitution, and'we find these people, to a large extent in the same position theyoccupied in the early days atleaatlnuofarasthelr lasntenursasreconcerned. A-Patenty 1e Etate hasa wrated. for the Nation and the Natibii for the State. 'Has tnever occurred to either to coopertat?

Ori~naly he edeal overmnment dealt vitb the Indian tribe's as qiuuW or defact natnsby teaty'QLterCogeu deemed It incongriious tD deal vM~i thespeope bysuc foral mansas treaties which~ implied .eqiiality, and directed'tha thr~fte teiraffir woldbe regulated by legplation only. (Act March S,

181, 16 State., 566.) The pdwer of Conmres so to do hass been fkuly recognised evento hh xtet o abogaingby le islation the provisions of Pa brtray ioa

indian tribe. (Uni "tedSate V~. Kagma, 118 U.SB., 875; Ione Wolf v. Hitchcock,187 U. B., 553.) February 19, 1875 (18 Stats., 330), Congress pasd Anc to Meu-late leasses by the Seneca Indias- in New York. Be tmber ILO 189D (28 Sttat.,

658),the rioract ws amndedin certain respects. We controy of Cogr0 overthe ubjet mater as mat srongy upel, in Ryan. W. Knorr (19 Hun. and,Shono .. Mlle (46A. . 39) eedmore be added to alhow jurisdicion In, the,

FedralGovrnmnt verl~I Iniantribes in New York? The one case of Fellowsv. Blacksmitlh (19- Howad 366) would be amply sufficient to prove tis.

0orngress hab ggsle the Niz Nations peaceful- mvsession of their reservations(7Stats., 44),ntth Supreme Court having denied te State the right to tax their

lad (The Ne okIndians, S Wbll., 761) the 'hands of the State are' effactuallytied-.in to far as workid~ ot a feasible solution of the problem Is concerned. V~

hav jut eentht, rio teatesmay be oupermded. by subsequent legislation, but'ths owe rstss~ley wthConres.Ceraily it does ot exist inthe State. Tustwhen inwha manerandto hatextent this poweris to be exeorcie therefore

ress i te sunddicreionofCongress. Presumably the power'wil bea exerciae4only aerfull cndeaonofhumanity and public poUy.

It has heretofore bee honthat the actualtit e--thofee'--4i the St, Reg's and*Onondaga Reservations Is in the State,'that of the Tonowanda, Reservtion, lain the6orptroller of the State, and as to the Shinnecock an~d 4,329 acres of the TuscaroraReservation it is in the respective'tribes.. Aside from the loom of the actual title, ,however, we:'have also found that the Indians' right of Possession is A indefeseibleone which can not be disturbed without the sanctiont of the Federal Government.

(Fellws s Blacsmit andThe New York Indiana, sura.) As to the locusof the fee of tire Allegany,. Oattaraugus, and 1 920 acres of the Tucaroma Reservations,we are confronted with a more difficul prollem, these lands being subject to the"claim" offthe Ogden Land Co., so-ealUed---e claim of snch,e. peculiar nature that a'short recouiab to colonial history sWYcrinldinth*By charters hre 1828-29 lames I, oE and, grantedceailadnth

new ontientto the Plymouth Coo ac , 1 V, Charles 1I likewise puantedcertan land to the'Dulee of York. O~ing to the deficient geograph;ic~l knowledgeof the then new country, 'th6 descriptions in these gmatd were niore of less vigue;and in many cases overlapped. Massachusetts succeeded to the title of the Ply5mouthColony anc. shortly after the close of the Revolution -a dispute arose betwqen that'State And New York over the ownership of -certain territory ag siguidOf'6,000,000 acres located in the western part of the latter State. TcoovryWun#rbt bubmlitted to the'Continental Ciongress and a, court, was appoitd to hear anddetertaine thA cause. The matter was finally adjusted' however, without resort t6the cotirt, a convenition teri this -purpose lhavin been Iel at Hartford, Coun., Decdmi-

ber 178, ew orkbeig rpreentd by 6 commissioners and Mlasachusetts 10..A-cnnpct i' gretmet wn dawnand duly executed -Debember 18,, 1786. B~ thiscompat Ne, ~o~ reaine therighit of governmnent, soVereignty, and jurisdiction.var te dipute terrtory butce ed to Massachusetts the , lx of rempio of~ sol frm te naiveIndinscoupled with the power to eeli or asinsuch right.

* Massachusetts prroceeded promptly to dispose. of Its title and in AprW 1788, OliverPhelps and Nat~mil Gorman negotiated with that State for thle purchase of theentire area for $1 000,000, payable within three years In public paper of the Stat., ahind of scrp wlAch was then greatly depreciated., Plhelps- and Gorman faied to


16 S GA4 A"I OMERB INIIANB MIE WATIONSB OF. NEW YOMK

comply in full with their grem ent and suan unl Massachusetts brought suit torecoer itl. A ompoml ageement wne ho vrwd hih Phelps

rndcovrma obtained aclear ttl to vabu 1,f00ct0d acvres ofnter wrigicra hrnd Gorman beingagan relm itlsed to thou Stat0e. acrsrc 8, 17h] orgiassach ,ttshoerbieyed t oertbmg u orrsforu $225 000 the ltandwich Phelp17and GMass badhset colt-vydto acquie. Moris fretaine 00b0o atre ofn thich Phland whic thereafte beadmeknow acquhe. Monris Resaiedr.e," acdrey ofou thsepanaed winh thereafte bcnveyetmv s"he Moride re~ais Res00ve00 acresy ton ascopanyt ofasi 1rii 2-rfl convieyedtaaMOn whM. ihl Wlickc was the laiqest owner. 'these .conveysunces from

Morswere coupled with. an agreement on his part to extin'aishe na title,whic he pomply endeavored to do and which finally resulted in the agreement or.

trayo~f igee, September 15, 1797(7 Stats., 601.TeAsedam cspitallste sub~seq uently becime known as the Holland Land Co.,

and in 1810 the company conveyedto David A. Ogden certsai described land., -em-bracing an krea, within which will-be found the present AU gn~,Cattaratigus andTuscarora Reservations. Ogden later associated other capitlits it him Q~ thecombination became known as'the Ogden Land Co., title t afll-ands acquired beingtaken in the name of certain members, in trust for the company' which, however,Was not incorporated. Later a trust deed was executed under w;hc tbhe holdingsof the comnpa-Ay were divided into 20 shares of no 'specified value. A dispute.

h~vlg aise am he harholdrs uitwas irsuituted, fix which a part of thejoit wnes wer painifs, her~m~nerbeing defendants. December 10, 1883,

a dcre wa enere intheSupemeCourt of ueens County, N.,Y., designatingChares > Apley, f Nw Yrka trustee, and William D. Waddingti as co-trusee~f te cncen. addngtn ded prior to 1888, leaving Charles E. Appleby

soesriigtrse ftecmpnwoa1e utltelte part of 191S, whenheas id o e othe ecmayianofiloreglcapacity is notknown, but n184teonroftee2shrswereredobe:

Estate of J'Ousu Wddington ........................................ 4Estate of Peter S. 'Schermaerhoin ........................................ 1Estate of Thonias Ludlow Ogden.................. .............. .2Estate of Louiss, Troup........................ .................Estate of Abraham9Ogen. ............................... 1

19state of Duncan P. Camipbell .......................................... 1IstAt of Charlotte Brincherhoffi..-...............................1

Estate of James S. Womsorth .................. ~......... I...... ... iEsAtat Of Ogden Murry- .................. I................. ..........

* Esta-teo, Beniamin WF. Rogere .......................................... 2EstatoofiobertBayard................................................ 1

Total ................................................... 2The- nature and extent of the claim of the Ogden Land Co. still re- mai to lbe con-

a idered, however. This claim lisa received variow designations,. hav in grown,in the estimation of the company, from an original rih fpemto to that of anAbsolute ,foe. MKany.- theories have been advanced as to Its meat nature and thedecisions, of the gtate courts befqre whom tbia matter his been brought are niot con-ducive to a clear understanding of th case. M4uch fruitless labor seemns to havebeen expended In an effort tUPdtermine the locus of the fee, pres~umsby clue to .tho'old common-law fictiou. that necessarily the fee muust be in sotrie oie. 'That thisis merely a fiction, however, is aparent from a moment's cbmialerstion. In whom'is the fee to an uninhabitedad undiscovered island -i the Pacific Oceaez? On'discovery does the fee arise shd hail the discoverer as a, deliverer?

Ogden -v. Lee (8 Rll, 540) would indi%% thtat the fee to thise lands is in the Senecs.Nation, subject to the preemption right ceded to Massachusetts, by the State of NewYork. Fellows va. 'Lee (B Den. 628) affirmed the decision of the lower court on theground that the Indian title to land is an absolute fee, and that the preemption rightceded to Massachusetts was aimply the right to acq~uire by purchase whenever the'Indiano'choose to sell. In Seneca, 9staion va. 0hristie (128 A. 13., 322) and. SenocsaNation va. Appleby (187 A. D3., 770) the preemption iight to the Ogdenl Land Co.seem. toha-ve matured into what has variously been styled a "1fee subject to the Indian* rigt ofoceupncy,' "qualified feI "naked fee. " 'ultimate feee"' etc. But littleiaiaacisn obtained from exa igthese -vAriOus decisions A1h.& view of deter-


szi!B aS ANwD oTHF} INJ>41I, D¶Vn xNioQX .o1 mw -YoBK 1

minng just where the fee la .theae lands les. Neither do~es~ process of eia~lupsoucea. oresatactry~atut.'Necessarily four partleb -are to be cowi~derecd inthemater th Idias,.th.Ntroithe Stale, an the Ogden Lslkd (o.. The docmibeof dscoeryailid own~lohaoV. Mclntoab (supra.), does not recog4UIze AnbAo

lut le i a Inia trbe thirright being that o possesision only. We hazve.1.ereto-for sen hatth abolue ee asnever placed In the Federal Governmnent; mar !s

it inthe State of New Yor*, the latterhavnig cded alliigtand iti., except ftbt ofsovreintyandjuraditfo toMasesachusetts. Massachusette parted with, .wbkrateitite i acuird,,andwe in~thepresent claimanats *to~be the Ogden laud GJo. ]. Is,!

wel, terfor t exmin wtk retercae the compact between Mas~chuseteUpzdNew ork.liresacnd ad thrtixiesread:

"eodly. The State of New York doth bpreby cede, VInt releas,, and COArurt~,thesai Comoneath f Masahuetu an tvtheuseofthe Ociimonwealtm,

tyhfrtueeof aucd ptb beir havd asgnsoo uhgate oee, h.rgto rtle zotive Indiansfr the naive Ininada.ltersaerg il

teysuc rnteew o grandtees landinvole

Comoneatl% The Ciu rcuesitth ofd Massvigus netestma Irnt therihofpemibyc purtu fscha pat ha ll b haver~ byo theb tomonwealtgh bypofsth I'~

"I the natveIniamns nftieding io Cue atm nofi Strcatse ofrn Ife nacutivId~n NowYorke tthtrof andaprovd y a superintendest toe Cappitod foru esuc prvpuq~ae .1r .hyaComneBho asuetts and alhr ih t h gov ingm o nt, oeresgty Ind suhprhse n rsuch turchtorye all- bew cork r ededb 'the romoneath of zemasahsp.

Inatconstruin the freoing in fogdn .Lee-(Juprdsthecorteetald:-prpetyI lcn the ad tatmen oftWow Yorkcti clatIm ~eof nte itntended Mtso stasn eYorkto the tnqalite ofe Ioutr *is incsilues tohu e CthetarhgaR atles oen, t aoc'setas cded allher I rdht #toe wbthey ov d bunent, sove egnty bendr fullysdictiqftr.~punted territoryan ewYrced 'the riggttof reemption of the e soilofrhera tiap.

onativ Isrnderedna. l Th ~e .w oaxwhi a follow-and call e o ine the deedtq ofht ittroetetartyhichlie State Cmofnwewlt York batb'- usere not nenddthoriedl~ ~to'se snd h nd il whic morey hand buher moent beoere fully'reccontraton efior te lh~ oy purchateemptio oftesalor the native Inias n:

rijh~ ~~stil mh e clfns)sa earfc nowas ibwsewuen thcae An th dued oflaso~.contlent, ith hezb~ exopfl= h~atathey ennttBel waai~thoriated con'grart 'txk

Gvrnmn.Terght of pemto'an occpng y more anther gandtheer were forevter~ro.gorigt t eTnuahe1y purchotaems o the li f tt e noroativ grantees. ~vej

thei ownoriimi itl.. Te paintf~ahave acqurd nothn -but h4Igt op-chase henevr the~wner maychoope. to sell."1

Thedocrin lid ownin heforegoin appearssound. In. PA.Y event, b3y OI~W-'nating the State and PeerlGovermnents, inineither of wboraL.1 seemsthoe 1e.ex~tn,

* ad'~lalng~njuxtaposition the "title" of the Indians *agant that of the OgdepLandCo.,we nstatlyrecognize the 4togrteIdas h orso ohih

Natia ad te Bate averoleatdly d~eniedthe ight xo'fdhe w..signeesourt"abotihestIn sy maner o iterfre 'ithrhe.ht of the Indians to the .pe~aefui and. continuedposesionofther oil W dimls,.tlerfore from fuithavconaiderationanyl~* todetrmie th lous f th fe, ad amit, icr all intents and puxiases, -that, it Iiea

dormant and wIll reai onatuntil present conditions are changed. SamAworkable plan-iinder which these conditions zro b a Iormted Jis of~far geeImport either to the nation, the State, or the Indians, t~han-iiiy fruitless puresutitkfe,locus of the fee. ta ~ a ai hi oterad u

The Indians deny te the Ogden Land o.hsany ai llnote;14Fathe convention between Massachusetts and New York involved up ward of e,ROOb.Da&ree and the Validity of the original rant to 14 assach~uqetta, and the subseqeout daleby that State bas been too long revognized and upheld by a long line of~courtdeclawsni* o stlfy any attempt to repudiate the tranaction atthsleda.Tetie u

islons and millions of dollars worth of property in the western part of New Ycakkbased primaril) on the convention between the two States. It is not seen howr tircourts could repiidiate it. In feat,it appearsto have beeoone irmed bythe NutlonaGovernment. ,(Seneca Nation v. Christie, 162 U. S., 284--285.)

H. Doec. 1590, 65-8---2


18 SENUAS A1qlD OTARa UJTDIAl01, YVXV ITATONS .OF NEW YORM

* Various attempts havebeen made from time totime to djust the claims of the ogdenLand Co., but without success. The act of AUgunt 15, 1894 (28S Stats. 801) directedthe Oecreiarj of the Interior to investigate the claim. of the com=p y'whicl~ InVesti-

1a ma qhdaud report submintted to theF t-third Congress, thr session. (SenateC ~bcdiye Docannent No. 52.) Later, by ac 9 Hac , 1895- (28 State., 887), the* epartmient was -uhrsdt ngtaewthhe Ogden Land Co. for the Purchase ofhIts colsIn whith ivtigation was also had and report submitted to Congras under

* date of ~ebrflzy=20,1897. (Hoiise Document No. 809 54th Oong.) ~Later, billswere introdced looking to's settlement of the matte (W. It. 12970, 58d Cirng., and.

R~ ~S2 4thConres), othof which failed of enactmentt.M~ttra se sood~ ~J~ut1905 when-the Seneca Indiana instituted suitagns

Chares C. Apley~suvxv"t~tiiptee, for the puxpose of testing the exteil.nd* vaid~t of he Oden and o~sclaimn. This resulted in a decision by the Supreme

Cour oftheStat ofNewYorkvirualy reognsln the ultimate fe sb g in theOgea Land Co., wIth right of possio n the Indiana. An to the title of the Ogden

Ladtao., the decision of the cor Is not of great import; but one wiggestion madb by* the court inidts decision is of great interest at this time: nttepoo

"The affirmance of the Judgment. (of the lower court) dees notstablish tepopuliotid that if the plaintiff becomes disintegrated that the defendant's title will vest in.

* ~osesson. t on. Allotment among the indtvdual Indiana ytepaitf abeen permitted for's considerable ]pezid by the Natinal Government. Inhertanceis Mhloed in accordance !with the statutes of the State of New York, sad conveyancesamongst the Iudipari are lals allowed. It, may well be held that even thoughx thenaltioA in itagtrilbl capacity should be dissolved, if the ludjyidual Indian. holds hisMOn by virtue of this reco isd method of allotment, that the occupancy -will con-

tinu tohismos reoteescendant."IA effect, this would intimate that the courts may find room. to hold that allotment

ollhseIids amoong the Indiasi will wtrut a disintegra~tionv of the tribhe, or9,vetngo teright of the Ogden Land Co. iansuhgt xt.'In other words,.in~ ayb allotted. to individual memben of the trbe and still remain sub ject

to the claim or riglt~of the Ogden Land Co. This seems to be the basie on -whichrecent piroposed legilation by the Natiimsl Government is founded (II. Bt. 18785,63d':0on., .2d. se.). Vhether that contention is sound, remaWn yet to be seen. Iineither event, no matter IA what -form this .question- is adjusted, the 'prospect of itsultimately being thrown into the courts for decision is exceedingly. st~rong. Therepresentatives of the Ogden LUnd Co. 'when last approached, placed. what. was re.la~aa ictitious valued on their clalm. If any com sFeRY nmethod of settlement

* l nvoked, as by con~demnnatioii, it would necessitatet ittiio.fpreeigw7ith,:the dGvern-t ~~autms party plintiff.- Doul~tess if the lauds are allotteSubjict to the right of the Ogden Laud Co., repregentAfiveje of that company .would

pnitly'iuatitute suit to test the power of the Federal Govemmsent so to do or theoaxidty of the allotment so made- basing their claim on the theory, that the "niiate-.

fee , rtest In them, and the dlssobuli -of the tribal organizatioiu by asometvetfulltitle in the company.

*However, it is net seen how the power of the Federal Clovernmeut to enforce a diVI-dion of these rands among the tribal niambership can b e denied. If -whatever title the.

* tribe" has to specified ariea within these reservations is Plated by authority of Congress* lnindividlual iaembers who would deny the power of Congress Wo to do? If sudh*action is had sand the 6 gden Land Co. or its sslgrIeenstituto proceedings. to testthe tight of the individual Indiane, necessarily thre Government must stand behindthe Indian to defend his title.

The Indians not being saitisfied with the decision found in The Seneca Indiana a.Ap loby (127 A. D., 770), theo case was appealed, sand the appellate court of New E

or .dismisased the proceedings on the ground that the Indians were without power - L* to sue and that the lower court was.without power to~ try and determine the canse

(198 . Y. 818 .ThivituaLly uilhied thedecision ofthe lower courts ad leavesthe. matter still at lsrge. Afte? examining the nunieroud decisions by the State

* courts relating to this matt~, it i.. with great satisfaction one reviews the last casebefore'-the appellate bourt of har, State anid finds therein the following:

`"forlsita~t all asubject of regret thatvwe find that the action can notb meaeintaiiied.' On the contrary, we think it eminently wise of the legilature not t6 have authorized adetatiniation, now of questions which may not arise until the remote future, arid whose

* *detormb;patIon; when they arise, may be seriously affected by consideirationa we cannot ndw foTrese. * '~* * The respondent contend~s that the rikhts of -the Indians

* - not survive the dissolution of the nation or tribal existence, while the learened.judge of tho appellate division is of opinion that the rights continue as long as thelands are actualdly occupied by Indianis of the tribe, whether the tribe as an entity.


nxzqEAd Ax~D onmE fluffs1 , 3r ivE 2unTo1Is op Nzw Yo3X., 1

continues to exist or -not. * The question bid much better be Iett tiMb thenation or tribe becomes disintegrated, when the cornrts of that day will doubtlessbe competent to deal With it, 'as *ell as With the whole qyestiou of whst nghsw it any,

thedefndst~ r. is uccssos i interest have in the lauds embracid i hsmeervations."

Did the framers of the compact between Massachusetts and New York ever dream,cQf the fitae diffcultW I bein tored' up when they conceived the pleaof divorcingthe right of preemption from hat Of s0OT4Ulaty'?

The clam of the Ogden Land Co. has stood continuously as an effecthve stumblingblock to a ready solutlon. of "the New York Indian problemr.,' The' paaiy 'asnot heetofore bepn disposed to pluse a reasonable value on its claim a'nith pW7orent ot 'anL exorbitant p rice should not be considered, in view oIthe doubtfulnature of that crlaim. Within recent years many of the Indians he'Md-nifeted atstrong tenaieny to object to any Dsubasics of that claim. After the decision of thea pellate court holding that thywr ihu aaiy to sue, the tribe aLplied to

t~ te Isigiaiture afid by that body was igrnted the requsst uhrt.'h'matterL ws'ppdathtoit, however, as th Indlaiis bea totmarthatany din.

turbance o4 the, clalm woulorlsuti aspeedy allotmnent in seevrr~ty, i disltionof their tribal organizations, lad tbe, asumption of full responasibilitles of clitienshi.In other words,. the claim, Na acted as a blianket to protect them fromtee UR=lmteendsl,whctheydonotappeartodesire. AsrnuttersnowdindtheyenioytUisfullben~efite g.ccordod. other reiddents of the State, such as Adequtes sto::odlcilitlea,excellent high"way constructed within their resirvations at the expense of the State,yet at the samne'tme their Property in exerapt from taxatiou and the 7indians are not,bound by financIa obligations aviauig under contracti. From a peraottal ot selfish'*standpoint, therefore, wihy should they desire a charge?

At its own expense thre State- maintain 83 -schools exclusively for Indians amd em-ploy 87 eacers herin. ita State is denied the rgbt to rx their' leads, should

* i b execed o upprt prtetand educati the Indi*ns?'Hg Vas h nation beennaton'raherto th Sateinthi natW-r Should not this be a burdien Upon the

thantheStae? If the nation denies financial reaponsibity' shouldthe State be deidthe right to tax or to take such other steps animayb ne uce'sary tosolve the prolm

By invitation from time totime, the State legisltive assebly hasinvited these.peole o dvid thir and ~nsevra~ty and the courts of the S~tete bte rempected,

as ull asposibl, te dv~son 0 mae Beyond this the State could not go,,as the'Naton asguaantedthee pope paceulposessonof their soil.' The 'Mat has'

beenwitoutpowr t copela dvsoofteir ,and, as this power Is peculiarly

Match 21, 1888, the State legislative assembly. appinted a committee of five toinv~at th InianproleminNew Yorkj and ta report of that committee withextnsie ehibts cuerig sme410gpages of printed moatter, was presezted ,o theassemly uner dae of anua I 81 89 Much valuable data can begathered fromtha rpot~ ndth seciicreomend~ations made by that committee apnot without

1. That a. cop usofy tedacshollaw be eiAwted..2. That the legilainre request the General Government to take action -to extinguish

the claim of the Ogden'Oo. to the lands of the Senecas and -that portion of the Tucac'roras covered by it.

D. 'That the lads -of thE several re lrfttloni be allotted in severelt y among theseveral nenibers of the tribe, with suitable restrictions an to alienation tor whites -and.protection from'udm toand other debts; but such division not togo into effect asto lauds aff ected by the Ogden Co.'s claim until that.claim be remnovet'. This allot-ment in severalty. ought not to be limited to a, division -of the possessloa of the land,but should comprise a radical uprooting of the Whole tribal system, giving to eachiiidivid'nal absolute b~esip of his oha" of the land in fee.*4. The repeal of all existinig laws relating to the Indians of t11e State, excepting

those probibiting sale of liquors to them and intrusion upon their lands the extenidoniof the_1xws of the State over them, and their absorto into citizenshti.

TeState subsequently enacte and has wit a reasonable measure of successenforced a compulsory attendance school law, but ea to the oilher regm rmnendations

theystad t-da prctiall asWhen made 26 years ag.How miuch. longer musttheStae aai th 'peaureof heNation in offering a solution of the problems? Thatpresnt ondtios soul haperitted to continue indefinitely on theme reservationswoul bea samepon he q'aionand a disgracpe to the State. -In a nmajoritv of theop

tribs te ifuson f 'witel~lod as eenso great that out of a-n "Inciauy' po-le*tiorn of over 6,000 In the Stt n ilfn creyasigeulbodesthn.0

half blooda and s greatnnle with so mc ht lo htol h lss an


20 uxzips ANTD OTMU nIniWiMA VInv WATIONrs OF NW YORK.

tiny of s, kien observer -will disclose any Indian charaterlat~ics. The remnants ofthe former tribes on Long Island have Intermarried so largely,.with negroea that their

peseat -descendents sze, more -nearly negro than Indisen All of these peop~a deserve* btsat ypty teeie as "Indians," although any adjustment of their

affir should be based on sound principles of j~ies ic nd humanity. A large per-.contage, of them have reached a comparatively advanced etage of education endcivilization aloug certain lines. Mpny of them. are -rogessive,, shrewd, ketm. buni'ness men with large land holdings, fine homes, excellent barns, up-to-date franing

Impemets.ari ina nmbe ofcairns even autonmobiles. On some, of these reserva-tiosmarlse o alare etet cnsitsof but cohabitation and divorce but aspwre-

doubt would have been had tepwreitdI h tt ofrea fetvsoIutlon of the problem.

Nothing ingl th'ireog should be construed as intending to imply ~that these* resemvt;ons are lotbed o iniquity or corruption. Among these pesplo will be

foun many upright, honorable men andwomenL,'whoare law-abiding2 o sl-respectinginhbitjit bu th la enorement of the law on these reservations alloivs theumily lemnt ul liens todopretty nmuch What they- please. Being ~powerlessto isslv th tbalorkniatinsand to compel a divsWnf of the lands amngq theIndan~ th Stte oul ony aidein ~patlence the tinme whien either the Nation

* wold rmov theobsacle orthe Indians voluntarily agree to a ,relinquishmaent-of their title: Thus tetribes to a large extent hav~e been left-to themselves, both by-the Nation an h ti so far as police supervision and internal government is

* concerned. 2)utes h Saehas been influenced in. its action by the doubtfulquestion of jurisdiction arnd.the superior power of the Federal -Govermaent over thetiub jest matter.

One of the most serious diffculties, however, presented. in connection with a solu-* tio ofti atter lies in the fact tha to all intents and p urposes these reservations

were "allofted' years ago. .ThelIndiansa .nder their tribal govermment have dividedthe lands .among theselves; 'valuable improvements have been erected, anid trans-l eam have been. made by salet, purchs~ift, or otherwise, until the Preseint claimantsare confirmed in their reestpea odngbyrcgii of the tial offcers, bythe tribal memberehip at lreanevnbth atcourts, who have upheld suchtransaareotithnvarousreibesin many vcases hive aRe uird.landiholdlivg many timea.in excess of the number of acres to which they woMl be'entitled und&e a present pro rata division. Naturally, to a muan'such owners are

- oposd t an setleentwhih wuldnotrecgnie ad -onarm their present

beenthehass o th "ttle ovr an abve he crege o yhlc~le -present owner

Those memeso h rbswho possess no lamd naturally axe in favor ol a division* ofthetrial roperty. If their right as a, member of one of these tribes to worth any-

thin indolarsandcens tey antitandthe faction of the tribes favoring a. divisioni. cmpoed afey o ths cass A.le' haingin their possession only the approxi-mate umbe acre to hichthey ouldbe etitled in case of a pro rata, allotmen_,

or who have la familly with auf oer embr to absorb the entire area-now occupied,woul bever gla toreciveultljnste title with power to convey, to outsiders, as on

pracicaly ee~ eseratin suh twercouled iththeir present title, wouldpi~ticllydoule he er crevale o thir and whcheven et this-date, is by no

mheands inosdrbeThea lands oft- S.RgsRsrainaefrtl amn ad n ayo hs

fertile parts oteSaeo e okadtelnsteeaevr aubebt oagricultural andfut-asnpupesTh hneokRsrtinnLngIldU tnst Of -au exceednl h o giutrlproeytteelnsaesobeautifully, situate nSince a--snUamo h tatcOentatoday they hive a culvleo prxmtl 2OOprar o uligstpurposes. Many wealthy people froma NeaokCt n lehre have bil finesumnmer houses In Southampton, whc sbt2 mies distant from -this reserve#Ad within which unimproved land is worth -about $5;0OO per acre at this time. Oithe-Onondaga, Tonawanda. Allegany arid Oattrarngus Reservations the valley landsite very fergle, and have teen improved and cultivated for many years past. Anytimber of commercial -value on. the hills within these~ reservations has been removed


SE2NEOAS AND OTk~a ThTDIA~NSp IW NTLOWS .03P RW Vosx.* 2

long sincepad Qxpads arenwmanly'-valuable'for ragpuoesTh-erevalue ofthe lan~dde ithin thesereservataos will closeL y aproximate$600per amre

-B foreauy attemxpt 1. made to au etan ad-justment of .proseut Isadholdings on.accurate survey of each reseh-atlon 1rud be mnade. the ~rseat owner of each 4Mi

ascertined, the -inne i which title vas acquired loke into, andtegnuoonditiond studied with av~ew of offering the moat equitable plan both to-the-:resent:holde'rsand the tribe atflrge. Iiibrief, 0dLchreservation shoud, 6 e mAdethe aubjectof a'opecisl study and such measures takem as,0ould bes t-.ttbonditious on -tbat.ticulr -reservation. .AMy broadsid.6 legislation~.applylng indIscrlminately to aXt0reerations addesigneadto affectpresentl1andholdings,ssi8e-tm meeting streiatiUR

oppui3oi, lct prduce disaster. A~t present themepeopl are-contented. Ialrypraeous and In a few case, wealthy oalnedeet.Thgetestnrsen±

Pneed oon azesereservations Is proper poice supervision and the enforcement :)f-thlaw. The peace bffcers of thfe WVate have ibeen char.y about enforcing Staxa- laws,moved in purt by tb e doubtful question of jurisdlctlon and possby more so by theuncertain outcome of any attempt to collect their usual fees.

Each reservation should be provided with~an officer with`'MI pwers to see shat thatlaw is obeyed. The p ow ow placed Inthe -hands of the tribalrgnzatfons foucldbe promptly, curtailed, as, in the past, this power-his too frequently been used foicBelh urposes or in other came has not been exercised to coruel oider and obedienceto the ?awa. In the pat th tate han been burdened with practlcqlly aE - npeneconnected with whatever eni ment of the law hie been compelled, Ulocl eiIatlonal-fa~cllities fampished1 and yet its hands have been ef~-ectua~ly tied i ofrataxation of the property of these people is concerned. * The-Nation aloulfd either untiethe knot by turn' the etiremte over absolutely -to the State or -else asstune, fullJuriudiction and edectlually eenfworeelixt.

In view of thsue oira~nad-ole-lte.e* Government over thqsubject matter, its broader experience in dealingj with Indian )Problemus, the argentneed for some remedia~l legislation and the inability of the State to difer or forcs i0foesliblo solution, it is aumested that the matter be -placed beore Oongreas with recem-meridatlona -that legislation to acom~pllih the following -reselts be speedily enacted.

1. rio~aptly -curtall thp power sAnt[ authority now lodged in the respeciave tutbalorgaizations.

-.Place one or -more -representatives of -the Federa~l Government cnm each eseerri-tion, with full powers to *7aIntain drder and enforce obedience to the laws, stich cfli-cean to'be subordinste to the spiecial agenit-or other officer in charge of thq Nev York.Indians. I

S. Declarze the Indian reservations in the State of Newi York to be "'Indian counrywithin the measning of the Federal statutes prohibiting the introduction of ihtoxlca=tinto si1c0h country.

~4. -Provide for an aceixra~e survey of the -lands 'ivitin each riservatlon,.so gs to-de-teirdine the p resent owner or clairnan~oi eah acre therein, the time when and ncanner-in which suich possession was acquired, an the equitable right of such owher teeowhich should be coupled with an-investigation as to present membership of tetieowning lands and those who.are without such meaans.

Possession of information -suggested in -the preceding paragmph should enalble.epedific recormmendatlous to be xside with a iwof su gesting an e~quitable adjuit-ment of the New York Indian -problem. .

A ppredlating fully the need'i therIndian Office of a-ready referenueeto atheas,-soae-of the many court decisions congressional documents, and misell~neous rispere .

relating to the Now York In~~ an inden of the character indicated 113i -Dem-*prepared and attached hereto as an appendix..

Respectfully, .T2xvs

A.PPENDIX.

TEW Thrw YORE INDIUiqs.-

October 22, 1784 (7 Stats., 15), with the Six Nations.3auuar 9,1789 (7 Stats., 88), with the Six Natigns.NoVembeor 11 1794 (7 State., 44), with the Six Nations.-December 2, VL94 (7 State., 47), Oneidas, Tuacarores, aiid ftockbridges.May 81 1796 (7 Stats., 55 Seven Nations of Oanada.Mdaivh 9, 1797 (7 Stats. 6i) -vohawks.

II . .


EXHIBIT D


INDIANS OF NEW YORK

* ,HEARINGS1: .BEFORE TUE

COMMITEE -ON INDIAN AIFFAIRSHOUSE Of REPRESENTATIYIES,

SEVENTY-FIRST CONCORESS.. SECOND UESSIONX

* ON

H. R. 9720

MARCH 19 AND APRIL 2, 16.- AND 17, 1930

No. 592

UNITED STATES(IOVKS*NMEN? PRINrTING oFnuu

WASKINGTONI: 196

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96< *. . ' DWDAS O1F NZW YORK

theM. Indl~i. tribes clahing lande within her borders no protest51k',cibpps01on01101 therto hasa ever been ained, at least in so far an the legislative

ezc~ebrbdiies of the Iederal Government ame concerned.- ¶~e. SateOf New lYork ham always assumed 'the burden of estaiblimhing

Irnmaltalln~schools for the education of the Indian youth within her... , ~~constructed bproved highway, trough tereservat one tha

adtsoeextent at least has enforced sanitation, health, and other publicaausofthis hind aniong these people; all without expoma to the Federal

Gverment.Ifts short, the State hsa heretofore exercimed ltha usuni prerwaga.tisof soverignY and JurtIsdiction over these Indians, while the Federal

Goenetto a large extent has not. * * * This department has notfelt empowed to aeume aetive control, of the situatibla thore, much as is now-exerclsed ove most of the other Inljians of the United Statesi.**

- *~ongrsu udoubedlyhas mp .owerand jurisdiction over the IndiansIn Nw'~oh t enat suh Igls ~ RS asMAY. he deemed neceseary In com-

ne~fon ithther afair. Wethr tht soul beby -way of increasing. 3a~ ativllesa thir ehal orby a eghnn teatoiyand pre-

sioly Ionavieedof he ac tht~theStae as ertofrealways assumed the right to exereise

* sovere~gt and jur~dsdoicto over these peoptle, I am'strongly moved toe-* oumpd thatthe* activities of the State In this respect be In t

'BRatW. if any legislation by Congress along such lines is now to be had.* that It ho Of~t a view of removing any doubts that may have heretofore

existed with respect to the authority and jurisdiction of the State in the

V5l

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IlN V1

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INDLASS OF NIEW YORK

TXR~IMAY, APRIL17, 1930

Huq or IRFj rUFSTATIVFA.COmm i~rnEn oN -lIA AFFAIRS,

I 1~~~V~ ugo~ ). C.The a'01111111-ttee int't at 10 o'elock a. ns.. Haon. Scott Leavitt (chair-

mnan) paretaiding.The CwTAraU.rAl. The coiniittee vrill be -in order. T1he commnittee

wIas calleti togrther this morning to continue the hearings oin H. R.1'T20, a bill to p;rovide that certain lasW of the United States rshallnot ap~pv to Indians~ und Indian reservations within the State ofNew ork.

Mr. 'Manley. I believe y'ou had another witness to, present!Mr. MAN~LEY. 'Mr. (Chairmnan andi gentlemen of the conustittee, be-

fore I intrufluee the other witnsessa, there are certain other mattersI would like to place in tlht. record. One is a res~olutiosn of the NewYoirk 1,egi~atture. paaeata-d. I think, in 1916. 'wherein the i-nemnorial-ime Congre-aA very miuch along the linesi which we are noiw F-peaking.of. and I wotuld fike to have thnt renad into the revord, if I may.

TFie WI.IM~.iithsout objection, it will be ineluded in the

Air. Dr Pai saT. Whomn is it front VThsa (stAIUM~AN.. If (lt-re in no objection, I will renal it. It reads

itst followsV:When-rasth fli inte. ut Nrw Vork foir a longr numiher sat vtzaria paist hais on-

fnalhly e~xp~ended lnrge osunan of iaiauney isa thte 1ntterment afr liii, Ittndians withinII$minbrkM.rsjy a1iaraapriaatlaa for flip exstifliiishmoaett of staornite igehools4 for thieirlveilfit. Me lao a'sssita-wut tot tetelaersa titerein. Ilia. ronmsartrul'io :and mnasltrtianneeof lsighswn3- through thu. lihaing ciae'rv~lntlpsa. anall provicled l haaallnn aigeMuti andother emphioaayi~a of thepltate to looak after the wrelftire of fi,11w laoans; aiiall

Whe-reaus the Stnate of XNw Yairk ha-g bwett denied [lie rigah tor geek reini-laur--eniait fair tlhe .xlwwliiurn-a a.., ontide lay taxina thep Inils. within thin hInainaroaiqrraatljiau lits thp 4titatt air of any Iimtteras~t therefin; 1atal

Whi-n-aia cuiLtaiaderable dolaaut. insunisaleraatantling. auaat caantusslon exiiiii anot fora lang tihal Ian.. (alsteal ist to tha' rightt or sutbotrity of this bState in anyMnsaner las vxpreliap any jurivAldittiaon over the Iniatnns within lisa bunlers oirover their affair. .,revn to the a'extent of maaintualning nseeessary lavw anal order,Viotive aasat.itti~von. vntin~imimiry 54.1100i atteaalaaame. etc.: Now. therefore. 1* it

IPaswor4d by, thr I1eglidotira. Aitirmwbli of the Rtate ot Neaw York, That theCaangresa of tihe hniteri fantest of Atneriotaf.ie. andl It herebay 1A. respectfullymsemoarializedl to enact Pucli Fealeroil eglsaintlolt as may lie newaasaery to removeiany further doubt of thet Juriadltifetin of the Sitate of XNew York with referenceto the Indansm withhis Itt. liorda'rs or the right of thims. tate lay leglaalatsvau enact-ment anal otherwise' to enforce, oliedlence, to its lawn by tho Ih'lnserumwitbtn its,borders %whether resaiding within or without any sao-called Indian reservationwithin thin State: and hbe It further

RCJNiveit, That the governor of this State be, and he hereby Is, requested'totransmnit a copy of this memorial to the President of the United States., the

Prelidnt roteanpore of the United States Senate, the Speaker of the House97

I1

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.'~XXOF NEW tOBIK

qf:etregntitte.the Reereitary of ihe lntcerior, the chairman of the Corn.½' inlt~e onIndanAffang of the United States Wntite, and time chairman tif thle- tIwtt~e on Ibdian Ararirs 'of the Houste of Repriwentatives.It in dated, according to -a note on it, as having beeiipastied by thle

{9i..Sttet~#islhttue about 191l5 or 1916. Withotbjcitwllein,-uded in the oreocetonrid.llb

.Mr. Dz Pnibifr. Jnasmuch as the representative of'.the Attorney~.Oenemal told ine yesterday he wduld be gld. to place in the record

~.data. with reard to the qunziber of milesi of railroad that are tres-.m on, niarervtinadhrough what countion they go,Zo iac to have that mude a part of tihe hearing altot.

f~tuEY. I told C~ngressman D)e Priest that I could not itir-nish thatito-day, but ILw uld t/ to get that.inforimution later. That

P~inifoti~ation has'to be p eket up in the separate counties aniu weni--." \ato-t(~wns./

TM CHAIRIMAN. Youl an ave it here within afewthiviil* . r. MI ALrY. It t)ossi I., would take as lcing as two weeNkm.

)r. Pia Pzsr. L thi 4 is necessary to have it.Mr. MAIAZYLx. 314y I ggest on htpit (lit I calnot e o

that has any relevaanc Th ae- r poinetedb h wlnt.iuiciplility ofthe Ritaeru the riliroails, hnased on'the muileage, the/amount ranning throt i the reservation. and( hall Congress, witem* ,~ th mater f th e eaIi g of those reservation Inrids for ruilronui ptl--I .. ~osa. ws bfore in i18 5 eenf fit tot iake somec other or dlifferentt

provison fo itaxi I ge t, iat property. the mater wtuot hen entirely in\ its ands.I rattler tt uk the mattei is flow out of its linnds. amnmd thisi a co tratwhich i binding :uuler the Constitution. However.

-. >hat ay b, tIN Ic El are. not in any sense affertknd bv these taxis.\Astwe ll ihw whknow anything ablout taxation, taxes; are paidliti ralroadtaxe parm olam not by the Persons wvlo live atlong thte

i;raightof as Vu yb esn ho ride onl the trains4 and pay thlefare. Th Indans unt n anhsese pay these taxes/ Howevrr.

I will fuvn Ijm thle inrjti.* TheC~z'inim X. Ihinkit ought to be stated mat this point, for thl*

infoirn)Aticin of the ,m ittee. that am I understund it. there is 110*Indiio reiservlatioin in the country over which rajlrnulls have beeti'built 'that receiveit any annutal payntent of any kind fromn the rail-

m e.At (he tiulle thle railroads are built there is a detr gni*o~ time damage or the right of xiya, and so onl. andt that 'is otOutside of thgtere is no reservati'on %where any annnal payments

"-iare.inade fo /lthel ue of a right of way for a railroad./ Mr. DzV,Piu r. ~liat is quito true, bait. the State of New Yorkpaets up a/klahm-that they are 9xplending $400,(iO a year to ittaintuin'and support these Indians. I think when we get the report on the

*txshey receive from the iliroada ytou will find out that they arereceiving fromni taxes., if n~t directly, then indirecily, fromt the

'?differn a nltadtmmeta. hi are nding oil these Indians..-'i'he OAIBIA. T at migHht be true it; a great manny States.~Y .i Mr.fln Pnin'r. ~ apiecite thait.

The CI~rnA 'Tetw tatements, however, should go in time~kxeordfort~ie1 nfitof the committee.

I also ask to have read into the record a sitatement~ hih I . auh~lzed to make on behalf of the. attorney general

INDIANS OP NEW YORK 09

of the State of .N~w York, Mr.. Hamilton Ward, so as to have in therecord a specific Mtatement of his attitude on this matter.

The CHAIRMAN. I will reakd it into the record, if there is noobjection. It rtuds as follows:

ntue Attorney Genteral! luau' authorized palacing before your ru.~lmidttee thefollowing itiveriflictatemeatat om? hi'. locitolion relautie to H. IL. tIriI sand theJudtsdictiunai queoctlomfs involved:

- Thet State'u Juriddlieou over Itam Iliana ward. lut liettl, ques.tioned fromt timetoo Oime lit court anid othetrwise. The- state or New York Im aqw~lnaig a grmeatdIeaa of money for Ihe tmaul mamd edneaitlon of Indi~titu4 uittimtlemlc aln rviserrationsmind eIlsewhere In the Strate of New York. I feel personally that It wouald be tothri ativtintmmxi. or the linutiha, top hare the uolatiolon oft omidleting Jmarhliq-latonNettled P4) for mIs. Vjingres.4 rapt ~ietth It. lhowever. 1 d1o not xirge tIloO thecliannillite or Viotign-mst ay piartieuiatr etourpse but liar,. nruittstrcl youawl ni therepresentativeo of time other Stotle IVerpnrtmawnals top prewait the Pilluatioat to thecommittee for theiIr tinformnation.'

HlAMMNLm WARS.

*AI1"nup,1 Geriuvv for the Mirt (if .Xcmr Fork,Mr. AXL:Y. r. hairnuin and gentlemen of the conainittee

want tit introclitet. to von as our next andi last witness. Dr. Earle A.lBntoes, professor of 6tthropologyK and ethnology at. Cornell Uni-

versiywh has ecenty leturedI upon tihoqe snhj)1ects at OxfordUnivrsiy, nd ho as eceved qeveral medals and awards for hisdisingishd cntrbtiion onthose subjects~. He is known as the.nuthr oftheBate pla fo the (education of backward people.

Howver I hin hi cotriutins ponscintiic ubjctsshouldnot be allowed to place in tebcgon h ato i raftnatimiiarity mand tivqtaintancewt hssbetsneh atbllknows 1personally more aboutateIdasi e okSaetaann other white- man now living.

The CHIAIRMAN. We shall be glad to hear Doctor Bates.

STATEMENT OF 1DR. EARLE A. BATES, CORNELL U~rVREBSITY,ITHACA, N. Y.

Doctor B.rzT. Mr. Chairmian andi gentlemen of the ommuittee, wehave GAOO Indinns in tine State of New York, living tin szeven reser-vationts embracing about. S7.t00 acres of land. Our partiuilarfunction at Cornell UniversAit is to hellp thona along the line ofatgrictaltmare andi home econonfics.

It so happens in tlte organization of the University that three (ifthe c~olle'ges (of Cornell University an-, Stitte institutions, strictlysileaking. While Cornell, in itself; we mmuiiiht say. is a private insti-tnt ion, ait the szane itinne we have in it the State ecille ss. of agrirtulture'and time State college of homnac Peonornics anti the ~'w York State-(College oif Veterinary Science, to carry on special ftunctions in thosefieldr.

For thle last nine years we have been authorized aK tigents for theState of New York to, expend a total of ahout $500,.045!. The originalalpprol)riation to tis for Indian extension work' Tas thne sumn of$10.000. In our sotmnd judgment, and because of lack of knowledgeand information andi other thingm oni the reservation we turned hackto the State of M~ew' York $4.000 of thle first $10.000 app~ropriitted.Since then we have been opeirating tinder a progranm of *6.000 ayear. as shown in the statistical repiort that Mr. Manley hast pre-pared.

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-.4

~~,, 2188 IjDIA3i 01 Nzw YORE

pu_,O~= piobagly he LI~Iske anotheragreement. If he is approachedith t he wil come tous witha ionm~~~

trith him?T.~. As I say,: tee1tudbe some very definite provision, some

musculty omie pledge hure other than this little saving clause at the_end of tLi bill.- Mr. -Mutmy. Will the committee permit me to ask Mr. Codld a

question?The CzAiuxha. Yei, sir.' You have no objection to Mr. Manley

asking Du qumstions, havA.jou?-'Mr. MAmNu. Yqu ke of a conference in Buffalo last Sutnday in

v'which Attornej G1 War partcipated.Mr. CODD. leW.Mr. Miirix. You have heard all the presentation an the part of

the State at the hearing tb-day and yesterday, have you not?Mr. CODD. Yis.lbM. MANiuv. Afd has that been consistent with our talk on Sun-

or aren y some respects on which itwainostet.. Co In ,some respects; Mr. Manliy, I would say that the

preent~i~nby the proponents KLs been a little bit farther than Can~-tamW~r ap yorscf stated at that time. 'As I understand it.

Ca~i War stted hathe was not particularly interested in the,p~aag ofths lgzsatan.is that right?

y~Mr ~rqia. [ralierthink thit is right.

tepart of the Inda Bura e'rse nlttr rmM Wilburor Mr. Rhodes, or someo conce ihteta eiltion be

~.sinerodgced which would d~ru h opeiywiheited, oro- smthing like that.

Mr. Mutimy. I think the reference was to a letter of Mr. Wilbur'a.Mr. CODD. It was something like that; some request had come

from Waaig~nMr. Miz.There was no suggetion on the part of Attorney

General Ward that he was interested in any particular power develop-Ment, was there?

.. Mr. iCODD. Absolutely none. I do not want any of my remarks toUso construed.Mr. MANLMY. I ask these questions only because I am informed

* tha1 Mr, John Snyder, who was "lsopresent on that occasion, hascome out witl, a story ascribing soars confession on that point to theattore genell

TM1r ) 'think Iwould be with you heart and soul on thatitiblect, Mr. thiney. Noz, no; I do not, think there is any-nothing,

aboutl notbing.~ The Casiaw. Mt this point~ I would like to put. in the record the~. lt~rto wichreference has been made, a letter under date of Octo-~4~.hrl2~ 929.It was a'letter written to the chairman of the Indian

,~N~ssn ommiteesof the Senate and the House. This one happens~v.,tp e adresedto Senator Frazier:

Z.K ,4 4.-

I -.. -. . - . _., .- - 1 .n '

INDIANS OF JEW YORK I

(Foflowing is a copy in full pf Secretary Wilbur's letter:)$ ~~~OCTOXXR 12. I929.

19

Hon. LYNN J. FaAztza,Chairmoan Comm fues on Indian Afflairs, United Stides SenoiI4

hIT DICAR SsmaTon FRAuizat: At a hearing before as SUbeOmztteo h omnittee on Indian Affairs of the United States Senate, Feray2,12,IMamoved that -the Indian Bureau and the Department ofthIneorbIntdand requested to make a special study of the New York Ida iuto nadvise the Congress of their Regal rig hts together with muchsuetis forlegislation as the Department of the Interio will suggest and rcmed

'rie situation with re~e tohq Indians in the State of New York Is somcwhatpeculiar and Is entirel~y ferer rom, that of most of the other Indian 1problemswith which this department miust deal, particularly those west of the MississippiRiver. This Isdue In large measure to the fast that Now York waslIcf 13original colonies and the legal title to non* of the lands in that State In In theUnited States, other than such as may have bee acure ypurchase or bycondemnation for public purposes, eas Federal bul Mn,~ tor the " gionAgain, shortly after the Revolutionary War, particulal prortoheapinof our Federal Constitution and ever since that date, under the doctrine of State.rights so strongly prevalent In those days, the State of New York has dealtdirectly with these Indian tribes claiming lands within hcr-borders. In someInstances such transactions wvere had with the sanction of the Federal Governmentakd In others without sachsaanction other thijn such as miht beImplied. Thatira tontoe transactions between the Indians and the State not expressly

santine; Ft7 ptest or opposition thereto has ever been raised, at least In sofaras hefc~4Itive~and executivc branches of the Federal Government am

concerned.WThe Slate of New York has klwa~n assumed the burden of establishing andainaitaining schools for the education of the Indian-youth within her borders;

has constructed Improved highways through the reservations there, and to someextent at least has enforced sanitation, health, and tither public measures of thiskind amongi these people, all without cxntecs to the Federal Govrmet. Inshort, the State has heretofore exerclsecthe usual prerngatives of sovereignty jand Ju~rdvictitin over these Indians, while the Federal Govertiment to a lArgextent haw not. This may he duo In some measure to the (act that the Congrtshas never expressly directed this or any other department 06 the Federal Govern-nient to assume active control and supervision over the New York Indians suchas is found in the act of July 27, 1868 (15 Stat. L. 228), with respect to the Chero-keo Indians of North Cartilna. Having no) such legislation at hand and havingnu appropriations expressly made available for the purpose of carrying on anyextensive activities with respect to the Indiana in New York, this departmenthas not felt empowered to assumne active controlaorthe situation theme, such as Isnow exercised over most of the other Indiana of the United States. This shouldmot be undorstood to mean that we now recmmend or advocate legislation byCongpesa looking to an enlarged Jurslidction In tbsn department over the Indianaof New York, but rather is here pointed out solely for the purpose-ofl disclosingthe basic reason why the activities of the Federal Government and of this depiart-ment, with respect to thes Indiana In the State of New York have beetrlargelypassive rather than active.

At sundry times In the pest the situation with respect to the Indians In New IYork has been presented to Congreon, either responsive to legislation directing an.,Investigation and report, or else in connection with bills then pending Looking toamt allotment in severilty off the lands in the reservations in that St~te. In thisconnection see the act of(August 15, 1894 (28 Stat. IwSO1). and Senate DoeumetnL

Fi tidCongrsthird session; also House bill 157ililtsecona ff~~~Creelard bill, and Hus bil 833

Sixtythir Co n~wnas tW Clancy bill, the two bilsls etoeboth a~roid for an allotment of the lands blnigt hs

Sixty-thirdCoresthr cbnen-thsdPartent onte u inMenriotepeet'a

exhaustive riuhd h iuto ihrsetto the Indaai e okIncluding an historical outline othorgnadlocus of the ttet h adwithin each of the severalIninesraos In that State. No substantialchange has occurred In the situation with respect to any of these __serVationasince the submission of tMat rel$ort in 1914, and In prder to avoid unnCCemry7

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tepautittiAt of the facts disclosed by thatrep itg It is ligested that 7QuZ committee~~~~~ ~~~Iarji~s=s _lmehWalt the one presented In 1914.-

Io1bteffly huasanple power and jurdsdlction over the Indiana into wt uchleg~lslonas may be deemed necemssay In connection

Wit tblr ffsr~.Whether th#a should.be by way of Increasing Federal aetivi-theip~hei be ewb strengthening the Authority and prerogatives of the

ma ub besru considered. In view of the fact that the&I adube th right to exercise sovetrclab n4jrappeI am strongly moved to recommend that t activi

*.iibewihvlesoti noubta that maybhave beretofore esedwth"W00seett thMathit and uj edtion of thq State In the premises. Legila-"~aby Congress subj ~gthe Indians In New lork to the laws a(

04 St tho: any~~o their property rr oudreitnwudremove from the Sce of controvortty tho

tn~"Wool tedlprove helful patclryIn sue tastter. as the en-foreqment of Mari BE&a doce softhe Sttadcimes and anisdomnean-

en cmmitedby then within thI xqi reevtons there. Such klogs* .lation, while hefpful, would afford nlapet&sution ofthe problem, ax It

would Still leave the prpry rIMhSoftiInis under exising treaties with*~.the United States to =e eat with. In this connection it may be pointed out that

by thetreatyof Novemberll ii,174(78Stat. L. 44), with the SixNotions of New/)York, these Indiana were practically carsateed vcful pseion o~f thel

sof uti teychseto el h mne" hepeople of the UniedStates, whave the right to urchase" (art. 2). Just whatislantended by theeaxp] _-"peeple of the U4 ted States" is not entirely cler; that is IglciidIn astbe readS tprwith thefr tidewhetethsme ~only

r~teUifted BtAt Govenmet or m*be sold th the State, olrl cB en onalen% hr 1rig Incluing Individual citizens of~the United States art if ntt lein

ognedpursuant Bto tt laws is a corporation or even to uniiaop e onstock companies or~ sasociatIons. In thils latter connection tvid

4 o aes 15to ln nlusive,of House Doculnent No 19 it-thIrd Congress,*Interest to the Holland Lend Co., ln and to the land ,mrcdI teAosyCattqmuag nd A pr of the Tuscarorn ReservatIons In New York.

rn lyte situation With respect to these Indiansl Ii So complex that before* - ffeinganydewate recommuendations as to the form of legislation best cAleu-

of, latdi aoford ineaffective solution of the entire problem, and [in view of thejurisdiction heretofore exercised b~y the State of Now York over the Indians

* jwthinhJer borders, I am moved to suggest that your committee consider thesdviabllt ofInvtin reresntaiveat the State to preseat their views with

We wll e gadof oure, o copeateat all, times with any represen tativeslj' o th Stae ad oter artis IteretedIn working oc~t an effective Solution of

* The CUAUgAN~. Have YOU anything furtheor, Mr. Codd?-. Mr. Cowi. L would like to submit this brief for the record.

The Cwanaw. 'Without objectn will be icorPorated iA the-record followiiggyour remarks.

9'he following brief was submlit yMr. Codd.)BUsM or TISn SIX NArIoN. CoUNcIL, 0nACUCL oa NA SACo-o,

TvcARoSAa Cou uamCaamI ZIUI jnaeor ru mNatu-.' ~~. Couwmnas~OaCr . "CMI IM

(a-emoufftsm'tO 11114PM thesovrelgnty of the United.Sta. owwzk a~ gthsae to the Mtaw of New York)

or. an of UnlMestates over the Six Natlons Idianeon is teL; Atetedsoeyofti onr.T'his bl

.4U1nt re 4wte apProval 'yorhnabecmit.Te local press

DIADLNS 0P NEW TONE 191 '

states wj~trodueed at tbse suggestion of Attorney General Wardt if New York)g~eintftbd'tuatlpn with mepect t* the civil law affeting Indiana In this State.~' Ths siuatin I.perfctlyplai, apparent to everyone well informed onthe

subjc an _quires no further clarity. See Eleventh Ceusius, extra builefn,ypag 3. The law and feact show reservations of the Six Nations In New York.are each and every one Ind netand In some respects an mutch sovelgtsby treaty ..z)i oLjion an r h several States. The lands within teocourlse carr With the as conditions of the grant. They are a nation ihsa nation. he were created and gew more out of fear of the Inialn and thedesire tos gmo~t ridof and keep him at peace at any price thap as an act of justice.In New York they amca wonder to thre curious and the expectant haven of hope tosmany speculator.. This lost sums up the situation graphically and may be a

reaon or uchofthe prosent uncertainty, as It is termed,1. Thisaact servcs no uacful purpose for tim State of New York.,2. It Is repugnant to thei Ideas of thes Six Nations Inadiana.3. The Unit~d States Is better abe to cope with'Indian problems; and manage-

menrt than the State of New York.4. The acteeeks to eatabllah on the part of the Sitate of Now York atreaty

relation with the Six Nations Indians, a power delegated to the United Stateisby the Constitution.

B. Historical aspects pf the Siz Nations Indiana.6. oliica apees ohs ixNations Indians.

S.~Tepjupoed at isnon sided avoidance of the guaranties of the treaty of

1. THIS5 ACT UZRVKa NO UsuFUL6 PURPIAFORE TUBya STATZ OF XZW TORIS

The proposed bill Serves no uactul purpose for the State of New York. Thecontrol of the Six Nations canl not be set asset for the State authorities. Theyhave no officials constituted, no department targanised, no background of historor policy to guide theu~t itt hoconduct of ndian affairs Do the State officilseek to plaw the Indian on the santie plane as that of the paleface? As thln;aare at present the seven major crimes, so called are cognizable in the Unitedstates courts. Minor Infractions of the peace have bieen succemsfully dealt withlocally by the tribal courts, councls and custom.

To establish departments and officers neceasary fpr State eontrorwoukd be anadditional burden on the paleface taxpayer of the State. An unneesasary dupil.cation of effort and one which would lead to Innumerable misiunderstandingsbetween the Indiansa and the newly created officials. And to what end? TheIndian is now the least of the troubles of our WA politic. The Court of Appealsthe highest court of New York held, isitngs v. Farmer (4 N. Y. 294), Ttere canbe no jurisdiction of Indian cases in New York courts. This doctrine cleawlyenunciated In the ewly history of New York j urisparudence hasn been, foiloweddown through the records of this court, see MdulkinaP. Snow (232 N. Y. 47 andon down to a very recent case) Patterson v. Sen'tva Nation (245 N. Y. 437).This latter case showed uj~ a Sharp contrast between the paleface and redskinlaws on inheritance. The proposed act would cause trouble forthwith on thisquestion as soon as the same was presented.

Let the Paleface stay on his own ground and no harm will come to him, and beWill not be troubled ova jurisdictional questions. The Six Nation Indianawelcome all when they come on errands of legtimate business or on a friendlyvisit. No welcome to mome w-arm or hearty. When the Indian fare forth andIs indiscreet he subjects himself to the jurisdition of the State courts. Thissituation enuncittes clearly that a reservation is just exactly wbat jt is called,a reeervation, reserved for the redskin.

a. TrIC 1'aOaoaaD mu.L 1s aiPVONANi TO Tm IDUAS OF THIS INDIANU

The proposed bill'is repugnant to the ideas of the Indians. The Six Nationshave long dwelt in peace and harmony with their paloface neighbors. They sr,r~ecustomed to the oiverlordship of the United States, as established by the treatytif Canandalus.e Sine 1794 they have had F1o other, gides to-follow. Theyhave faitflly fowdthat treaty adhve lokd for faithful performance of

duties and obligations taken on by the United States in that document, atra abten their people and the whites.

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EXHIBIT E


INDIANS OF NEW TORK 189

(Following is a copy in full of Secreti 'Wilbur's letter:)Ocraxa 12, 1929.

Hon. Lysx J. FRAztzR,Chairman Committee on Indian Affairs, United Siates Sqenate.

My DEAR SEN-ATrOR FRAziER: At a hearing before a subcommittee of the Com-mittee on Indian Affairs of the United States Senate, February 27, 1929, It wasmoved that -the Indian Bureau and the Department of the Interior be Invitedand requested to make a special study of the New York Indian situation andadvise the Congress of their legal rights together with such auggestlozis forlegislation as the Department of thes Interior wil suggest and recommend.

Tie situation with respect to thq' Indiana in the State of New York Is somewhatpeculiar and is entirely Idifferent from that of most of the other Indian problemswith which this department must deal, particularly those west of the MississippiRiver. This Is due In large measure to the fact that New York was 1 of 13original colonies and the legal title to none of the lands in that State in In theUnited States, other than such as may have been acquired b prhawe or bycondemnation for public pupss as Federal buildings, militaryu tcAgain, shortly after the -Re-v-olutionary War, particularly prior to the aotoof our Federal Constitution and ever since that date, under the doctrine ofSterights so strongly prevalent in those days, the State of New York has dealtdirectly with these Indian tribes claiming lands within her-borders. In someinstances such transactions were had with lhe sanction of the Federal Governmentand In others without sach sanction other tl!An much as mnight be Implied. ThatLs- am to those transactions between the Indlans and the State not expresslysunctioned' t~ protest or opposition thereto has ever been raised, at least In sofar i~ te )iaive and executive branches of the Federal Government areconeerned.

The Slate of New York has &&Iwa%*s assured the burden of establishing andmnaintaining schools for the education of the Indian-youth within her borders;hins constructed improved highways througth the reservations there, and to someextent at least has enforced sanitation, hcaisth, and oither public measures of thiskind among these peo)ple, all without expense to the Federal Government. In

shrthe State has heretofore exercised the usual prerogatives of sovereigntyand juridiction over these Indians, while the. Federal Government to a largeextent has not. This may he due in some measure to the fact that the Congressahas never expressly directed this or any other department o4 the Federal Govern-ment to assume active central and supervision over the New York Indians suchan is found in the act of Julv 27, 1868 (18 Stat. L. 228), with respect to the Chero-kee Indiana of North Carolina. Having no such legislation at hafid and havingflu appropriations expre-ssly made available for the purpose of carrying on anyextensive activities with respect to the Indiana in New York, this departmenthas not felt empowered to assume active control of the sibuation there, such as isnow exercised over most of the other Indiana of the United States. This shouldnot be understood to mean that we now recommend or advocate legislation byCongress looking to an enlarged jursidiction in tWe department over the Indiansof New York-, but rather is here pointed out solely for the purposeof disclosingthe basic reason why the activities of the Federal Government aind of this depart-ment wbith respect to these Indians in the State of New York have beetl~argelypassive rather than active.

At sundry times in the past the situation with respect to the Indians in New 1.York has been presented to Congress, either responsive to legislation directing an-'investigation and report, res in connection with bil then pending looking tall allotmlen iseeatdfhelnsin the reservations In that St~te. In thisconnection see the act oAust15, 1894 (28 Stat. L-201), and Senate DocuLment

~~~~~~dtidssin also House biM ~t~ vy-cgath9 M, nw-a eVeln bill. and House- bill 18735.

Sixy-tirdConres, kownas the Clancy bill, the two bills last mentionedbein bot desgn t proidefor an allotment of the lands belonging to these

Indina. Jou~umcL..L.J.9OSixty-third Congres third session, con-

exhastie rsum e~ th siuation witlh respect, to the IndiansiNeYokincluding an historical outline of the origin and locus of the titlet h adwithin each of the several Indian reservations In that State. No substantialchange has occurred In the situation with respect to any of these reservationssince the submission of that rej~art in 1914, and In prder to avoid unnccesaary


.' -

. IN~Dip"O 0-.N33W YORK

re ttl~iofthe fWUt disclosed by that reJport1 q It is PqugwWte that yQur committ~et~i~m~arth eportlhete wua5w largely uA a ipplemental to the one prsne in 1914.

~wgeundoubtedly has ample power and jurisdiction over the Indfans in* ~ ~*~rkto'enact suejh legislation as way be deemed necessary -in connection

itt ef affairoi. Whether that ahoulc4.be byv way of increasing Federal activi.I tes n teirbehf obystrengthening the authority and prerogatives of the

'*.Sae pthe matter should be beosycniee.I view of the fact that thelbss herstofore always assupio th rgt ooxise sovereigt an4 Junes-

diston oer hesepeope, adsrnl oe to recommend that the activi~ofthe State in this respect be In nomanner curtailed.

" Ratheir f any legiltion by Cjgeualong such lines. Is now to be had, tha~tit be with * view ot1wmoving an obsta a hv eeooeeisted with-espect toteatoiyadJnito ft~SaeIn the premises. Legiala-te by Congres x subjetIng th nin nNew I ork to the laws oftbat Stae, . lt Pi t~ring any of their property or rigts under edisting

*~t-4Areat with the Unte StatSE would remove from the field of controvern- -tho)irqetl mooted question of Jurisdiction, State or Fed"al over these Indiana,adwould undoubtedlyp rovea helpful, particularly In such matters as the en-

forcqmant of marriage ails divorce laws of the State, and crimes and inisdemean-on' committed bv the M±Ians within tho exlstlhg reservations there. Such legis-

*lation, while heipful, would afford only's partial solution of the problem, as it*ould stif leave the Property rights of those Indians under -existing treaties with

". the United States to bedealt with. In this connection it may be pointcd out thatby thie treaty of November 11, 1794 (7 Stat. L. 44), with the Six Nations of New'ork, these Indians were practically ganteed ful possinof th ip

soil until theyv chose to sell the same "t thme peopleomfithe U'nitwed iSotatca, w"*have the right to purchase" (art. 2). Just wha is Intended by the exp~i& i"-1petiple of the ilited States" is not entiiely clear; that is onlyaI disans to, be rdyto part with their title whether the same inol

ti~theUn~ed tat~ Government or m* be sold th the State, or even~ohnle* third jiartles, incudngidividual citizens ofthe United States artifici tl'ottes

orig~nized pursun roato laws as a corporation or even to un?,11corpo tedjuntstock companie orassociations. In this latter connection attenio is ivitedtopae 15 to 19, Inclusive, of House Document No. 1590 klxty-thind Congress,Thr seession, with respect to the claims of the Ogden Z~ad Co., successor in5ntret to the Holland land Co., In and to the lands embraced in the AIlegany,Ciittqraugus, and a part of the Tuscarora Reservations In New York.Frankly-, the situation with respect to these Indiana in so complex that before

offering any definite recommendations as to the form of legislation beat calcu-lated to afford an effective solution of the entire problem, and In view of thejurisdiction heretofore exercised by the State of N ow York over the Indianswithin hier borders, I am moved to suggest that your committee consider the

Vadvisability of Inviting representatives of the State to present their views with

We ijibe lad ofcouse tocooerae a al tieswith any'representativesof te Sateandothr prtis ineretedIn orkng ut.an effective solution of

Very ours, ~~~RAY~ Lrm~ Wmsuau.

I .0 Case 2:03-cv-03243-JFB-ARL Document 375-7 Filed 11/14/2007 Page 3 of 3

EXHIBIT F


ECWE TS.

FOOF THE ICLYARE.:G uEs

.. 49-3~~~~~

FORTHVERNMCL EATRIENTING.OFFIE 3

WAH93TN 93-


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oFFICiEo OF I!rAN APPA=h 65

Ethnicaly the'Rio Grande watershed has no parallel anywhere,bieing inaitdby pure-blood-Indian tiibes, an ancieit 'Spanish-.American population with 'much Indian:'blood, and a more redent~'population migrated from c6ther parts of the United States. Theresources of -the watershed, acutzly diminished through prolongedoveruise, do not- suffice ,for adequate support of th6 populhtion depend-ent. upoxi th~for. immiediate sdbisistence. Yet into this watershed'seconomy, commercial eiploitation has been thrust; -and not'slone*today,. but through nmore than a.generation past. Wreckage of t~heuplands has brought dangerous :wreckage of the irrigated lands alonigthe river and has -complicated the water-supply problem all the way'from the Coloradlo line to the Gulf of Mexico.

The central task of the Interdepartmental Rio Grande Board is to*discover, and through indiretion to put into 'effect, measures givinga permanent future to the native 'rural populations of the watershed,

whil corectngbefore it is qu ite' too late, the deva~stating m' use ofthe lands in the area. Incidefi tally, 'a new type of. administrativecoordination and integration is illustrated by the Lnterrdepartme~ntalRio Grande. Board, applicable in principal to many otlher regions ofthe c~ountry .

THE FUTURE OF THE INPIAN

The Indlian race is n; longer vanishing. It is neither dying outnor is it rapidly merging into the white society. Indians 'as Indianswill ipparently continue as a part of American lila for many years.

Population trendis.-The Indian population is still more than hold-ing its own in numbers. both in the country as 'a whole and on~mostof the reservations. I

Duiring the past 10 years. the number of Indians listed on currentcensus rolls it Federal'agencies has increased at the rate of approxi-mnately t.2percent per year.' This compares favorably. with an averageannual increase for. the population at large, as estimated by theBureau -of the' Census as of July 1, 1938, of only 0.7 percent over thepast 8 years.

The. total Indian' population: of 'the United States uidkr the juris-diction of the Office of Indian.Affairs as of' Januxary 1, 1939, wasM5,878. As of January 1, 1938, the number was 34,49', 'denoting 'an

increase of 0,381. This increase is -due in part to the inclu~sion of3,000 unenrolled Navajo in Arizona axid'dof 2,126 Chiippewa rece'ntlyorganized in Michigan and, an' additional 1,157 in Wiscionsin. In

'additio'n to this Indian population, the' Indlan Office has under itsjurisdiction the education and. medical relief of approximately 30,000

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66 REIPORT O1P'THE.SECRETARY OF?. .THE -INTERIiOR'

natives. of'.Alaka -a total- responsibility;: therefore,- for the welfare

o6fmor6e than' 380,000.In-dians -and Eskimo citizens. .Indian Populiatim hin.ontiriental United Stiates Under Jurild~cdion of the fce f nda

- . ~~~~A~ffim, by.State, Jklnuary 1, 1939* eo Ida

Peropnt ~~~~~~~~PrumtrnStt 'NumbIr of tt state Numnber. of tota

*Tota rported,..... -. 351,878 100.0 N e brf ........... 4,687' LBW

'49,896 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~Nevada -~ -8,--------- 395 L5*

Artn,.............. ,988 14.2~ Now rdxc --- :------ A6.489 10.4.

Ca oni -------- W_ 12,11 6.6 New York~ ----------- . 6.68 . L9

Colrao --- ........ 73 .2.- North ceo n3~.....42T LO

F~~~or~~~d~~~. 5~~81 .2 North DalwtiL..11.,401 3.2

Idah--------------"'4,2IJ9 LZ 2 ......'*. 97,394 27.6

I o w a.--------------- 471 .1 ----- go------ 4,78 1.4.

Via ....... ?0B8 .6 ..o.... D........ 2E 578 L I

Minnesooat.... .16,139 4.86 .... . is,gi2 4.

isdsdpLssiI 1,974 .6 W '1,24 39

MO nttD ... le.8 4.17 Wyoming - 2382 .7

low the Statisica suB pleimeoti to the Comslnrs Aaut eprt f~ropulation by tie

I'Decreae. due to a now estimated iguree for amenroUW Viopulatlon..

I Revised esiae

*Lesstban Heof Iperwit

*Incorease due to the enrollment o 2,128 recetlyoargankzed C Ipewa.

'Withizi the continental lixnits of the United States almost Waf*

Of the entire Indian population is found in the three SItates of'Olda-

horna, Arizona, and New. Mexico, in that order.

Another ten. States contain about 48 percent of all the Indians in the'

'Unitea States.' The remainder 4f the" Indian -population -is widely

scattered with less than 2 percent,.o the aggregate number in any one

State.

*The rate of 'increase is now following'an accelejatinguptward trend.

Should the rate of growth for the past quartet~ century continue for

another 25 years, Indians in the Uniited. States will number well over

400,000. While. this is 'proportionately a -very insignificant figur~e, it.

nevertheless presages -a' very serious pressur o f Indian population

upon exis ting reservation ~lands. Already this pressure is being felt

in the Navajo jurisdiction and in ot hers where prospecti of acqUIring

additional lands are not too hopeful.

Aer Nu~thM streviu dt have tended to confirm the ge'n-

era imresiontha th Inian islosing his racial identity. The

fullf-blooded population seemed dooliid to Aliminish and finally to dis-

appear, if only. thr~ugh mixed marriages

IDoubt of the inevitability of this trenid is raised by detailed anal-

ysi recently mnaile by' the T. C.-1. L. A." in cooperatioxi with the

I Tthiv Coeperation--Barmu of Indian Affairs a unit of the Baid Oonsyatoin

Service wbich ,iaue surveys of Indian rewrmations for the mme wAn guanoeo the'

LM&nd!Ofie

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IERRATA

Page 2 in upper oaption t6 the right of 'te. Tgble" *&ane -XII to I.~Pago 2 in footnote I/ ohnage- 684,332 to 983,001. and'Jioarilla to Navajo.

Page 3 aader "Regular.-enploy-ges (No. of po*.1:*4. 4. the flgr- ar bae

ons~z~list as of`, Jt24' 1, 193`9 end nob6~Te ttlreported figure of-' B4le thereundbr- oh f ~ ad d ootnotethat this figurio .enoUW15d~i FWI- exq 21 Rhb* nnpoyeoe Inline 'Washington -fioe'hange Z5~ to 322.' ie'aue dlete the figure16 as these enployeos-wqre inoluded'at other ageneleg.

Page& 3 end 22 unde~r "C-Dexpended and oblijAtxd't are actnal expendituresup to August 31, 1989 rrcom funds appropriated for fisoal year 1939,

Page 28 under "ReguftaT".` fit, is auege o. authorised" from 8,412 to 8,382and N'alarie: for#~7 8:~,7A7.a-h same columnschange "Washington ffi r,3p~ 322~n 304o736Q

Page 28 uander "CCC-;IDj.iv lin' be' res ,i'pre-WA the aotual nuuberemployed on June SO% 1939. The -a4vAk.e-4:*ber 43opp1-oyd during the fisoalyear are "Total" 74'8, "Indiasn" S57,:'am4d "Whi~to" S91.

Page 29 line "Paiute" -de-lete the figuiren 164eind *2ZIM respeotively fromtfirst tw-o oolusms-tas. these were inoluded inb Carson,, Uinitah and Oura~y andWestern Shosb one Agenoies.

Page 30 ohange fobo6notG.-J2/ to read "oxcudea" instead of "includes".

Page 31 line Iowa undder' Tribal" adiIfoolmto tei to- &,i253Page 31 lIine' "Kmns~s 6" er. "A6ju. 1- q!93 9., '-qhe9 .36,784 to 34,809 end

under "Trust A~ot4'o~oe~ to 61.Page 31 1-lie "Nebraska- 'ubder "ToU1al' oha 7,774 -to 758,919 and under "Trust

allotted" ohauge 53484 * 64,.409..Page -31 ohange footnote. I/ to rtad. `Invlude*.3§i253, -416ew taxable tribal lend'.

Page 32 line "I :Sced.4o"% undor, -4Tr1`baX1,: OhnK ~Ootuotew 2/- to J4.

Page 33 line "Rooky Boy's" -under "'Total `re" `8i-iifotntbe V to 7/Page 33 line "Wyomin%~ Wind NF.'er" under "IT-otai. 1kro,"t'ho.f~gure is 2029,503.

The 3i-nsbrted f Igute !/- I's -the -number of the f oontdii in tihe next column.

Page 34 line "Tulal~ip" add footnote ~/to 32,208 undai 'Totali areOa" nd also'to 50,207 "Trust Aflotted".

Page 3? line "Rualps!L V Un'ao "Total Area" delete Voobnite o on 496,526 andinsert footnote vzrni' 99022 under "'Used by, Ihlig.

'Page 38 line m-Ksexwsin, ua ,: ~~20 @29,474,also linf6 "lbw&'! ~er' 1ii-jt M0roi-iiThs addtootnote 2~ to -7.5 e&,-'0 ndv'

Page 39 footnote j/f t01eqe' -lat ri 4iid- -#th'e -lanid 'se. table end substitute"Table 1, page ;fo'i~..-

Page 39 footnote . c ,7 o C 01-. -

Page 39 footnoe~"fd-fe~h -lmet- word: "GolvradoA the words "River Agenoy,total".

Page 39 footnote ~/for the'last word "total" subotitute the word "breskdowu",

Page 41 after line "Nofth.-end South Dakota" insert "Iftanding Rick".

Page 42- lineaport Peck',~ Idhe*'under "AMter" add fo o# te:0 to figure 79.F550.

Page 44 lines "Ek~"fd"o.Ld~nunder "'Totg-40n-i,u acrea" add footnoti

pige 5 e-1~~' &t*aa;3*

.Page 58 footnot--e,; *

-1 :


I. Summary of 5t ta t itlc ............................. .......

MOa of pazt of United Btateg west of the Mlississippi River showing field districts.....

U1. Indian population by'distriot, sntate and agsc g e..... n..................

III. Indian population in Continantal IV. S. and Alaska by didfriot, stats and agen cy .. ....

IT. Ibdiafl school population and en r o ll ment ..................... ......

T. Bxpenditures and obligations, rivilar and eiaargenoy fune.....................

VI. Expenditures from ragular-'flndrn by puroe.........o se.......... .....

V11. Personnel of the Office of Indian Affis.............. r....... .....

mrI. Lands under the jurisdiction of Office of.Indiah Affairs bysae.............

IX. Lands by tenure and lied, district~, ageency a"d reservation..................

I. Restricts& Indian lauds available for use, by land typO'ani use (Inidian, Son-Indian andid).....................)............... ........

XI. Beetriot~d Indfan lands used by Indians, by use and land. typ e .......... .....

XEU. Irrigation projects - land's under constructed m anall............... .....

X111. Indian airicultural antivities ...............................

XIV. Boad and bridge op p e r a ti...................... n....... ......

XV. Behabilitatian projects by typu................... ...........

XVI. Fund. appropriated for construction projects by. typo of pr o j e ct.......... .....

XVII. COO-Indian Division, activities by typ yp.......e....................

XVIII. Revolving Credit lund go ltilites.. loans an& repayment re cod.........d........

XIX Sevoluing Credit Pund 6 tivitioss Joans to indi'ridual Zpdians by puippsee size of loanand by degree of Indi-in-blood of b oiWar.....i................. ..I...

XI. Health facilities and *activities, hospital and field .......................

XXI. Social Security assstoanav to Indiana. and nudibey of nebdp' indisan .... .........

XXII. Estimates of per capita inoome of ladiana on selected reservations ..................

2OXt11. Sducational loans to Indians ........... .........................................

2XIV. Percentages of najor sources to total estimated- Indlia income..........................

XXV. Offenses cbarged against and reiatii4 to Indians and. diaposition of cases by type ofoffense cbaxged ............. I.....................................................

XXVI. Offenses charged agaijit and relatini~to Indiana and dfopositioA of cases by districtand agency ...... ................. I..............................................

XIVII. Tribeos organised under the Indian Reorganiztt~on Act, the Oklahoma Welfare Act and theAlaska Amendment................................... ..................

XXVUII. Indian employees by tribe..........................................................

XXIX. Indian employees by sex, legree of blood and salar~y grcvpp.............................

XM. Indian population by state. Puream of the Census, 19:50 ....... .....................

=I. Indian population by noe groups and set,. Bureau 6f the Census. 1930 ....................

!MLJ9No

2

14

25

25

31

32

140

52

5?

58

60

6a

65

66

67

70

72

75

76

79so

533

g6

as

90

91

91

Tab%# No.


Table 2. WMAR08 OF GTAXIT102O

Sao tohig M2.

* papatololnlI02der II

JurisdictionJurisdiction. Office Oil. NIG

.ToLI, 1939 JI

total repoitedL.

1. Slacktaak2. Carson

'ChPUM and A*oPehO

Chicag4o Vaxehouso

9.Colorado Sihvl

10. CoIwillaIt. Oosoelidasto ChippewaL2. 0Co,.olidoted 04.

13. Caow O-l10. Crowe COolo~itie

lb. Plandbeam. Ichool17, Yloiboad18. Tort Apaoheko. Tort 16110ap20. Part Sark~welAa1. rort 11.1122. Toot Pooh

Po Trt Pascoeo*Orsad 2ona"1-iiet

H .sel luotitute21. loop. Tallap28. 2.1629. Jbomills,30. Xeth~oo31. Uses32. Ilamath

WI lion

37. low Tork38. Northern Idaho

4i. Pelcso112. Phoenix SanatoriuII,* Pbo01.1: School1t6. 12c-. school

47. fpipst.out school48. Potawstoool419. (oopsw50. aid Lake

52. leosabA93. Sea and Tow loamtort02

5 Ancrumooto5 &. oit Luut. loochot3.21We School

97, Ban wCorlj on Pronoisco tarshouss2G2 ZAvior Soawtoriom

62. S.,rooyeb School

Sbxhooe4 Sanatorlom

$I*=Savtcriom

6.Stoadiod lock69. f2occs a natorium70. 2.h01.2x71. Tomoah7T. hVAgu River

73. ftInmxto Canyon

T7. Umatilla76. Miated Pubtho.79, tchpt.. School80. Tarm SpringsS1. Issotrwlhoshche82. W1nd River

8 * VioohltoO ffc87. Atm&rl

88 owrtoo. "ft..o~

m1.161 B L

6,123,2

2,1113.546

913'2,23

72,626

348

1.61

1.030

1,2

30339

2,317N

4823

3,6172676

9,0035951

2,16

308

4,137

3,906

I1139

1,311

297229,9813 I

102d0 under Juridicoioo

,.1, 1939

57,705 97,920183,047 1.908

1,562,365 637,11

w,12o"613 211,35951,32,2:450 V2

2,5D1 2j020snobQ34 3 295,7

64,60.42 691 I

I,~pw 109,22,

*zoeo 2.62120.257 2,19

1.00 00-1298. 892.734

4,0 02A 47,2

16.59.776 14.906.101

la~

342

kOA3 48605

29 -

60,574. L6o2sr4~725

1.132:46? "o,6;T

1499 5 497,50952,281 2.01130,973 -

1.627,5 1,3336

562 6110 426,Ja8209,681 zoq.6gi

T 799,207

111.

f 1.0tica. of WIn= Affairt Cuor*§Y

good b7 Indions3j -h: , ~~Caoul'ema_2Or 1931

trost total 00lt1- =~ture4 orallottoO rated. cued for wild

7,99.371 3.,O.5 I I8,2 31,71,96

170,87

1433,505

232,905

1,0798,09

4i2,766

705,o86

1913,275

130,90I

1283 111,358,73'

1,09162

1S5,19

41,76

.7.2t

1.5

103,838

342,000"

9 .w

9,5990

12,2709

2,13,999

297 ,315,

169:,139

5* .31

2,231

5, 637971

9,533

1207

1O:C874

L5,870

2,10

37A6.

5,210

16.T

7,5209,1481,945122

10.482

130

13,307150

.321,100

4,3371,999

2~:1.29

9.3'

.1/

.316

4T2,097

,5035

3.391530,236

210137.767

1.191,22173,3902,783

3D.176

613,072

16.541:4?

I6

429,1460

39,189O

11,00045,942

333,291220

1,541,16

2.7.68,027,951

19,303

130.940

p1w

215.6o7

767,9205,178

359,719

~,V Inolud. 1,0242462 acres of 00o,..oooo ooned

0land, 684,332 aers, ore at Jicarilka SdO 096.203 -.0r

?/ Inludeoot 1,082,561 acres data for type of us. not ovtlb,..07319or,,edo:too ,eottoea63,133 acreo sed, for othor purpose...

zai.

income of

10014C0 IG

rawarattousCa. ?eoir1938

OX8s4. 1

216.12

1411.3D

165.92219.1614t3.6611,0.11356.01

189.53210.9

111.29193:.5

167:~

,47.91

3904'.

1a59.

1,1O 4.

108 16

170.31

164.A

190,99

.3/169.10

110,15171.29

119.9

276.66.1/

186.11202.16

1)1.9

296.11190.02

M'

7.594,376 U134.010,975 1 3".TP7 1. )10701.965

I9

I


01 0710501 OFINDIAN MAW32 1935 - 39

Parona I ond, wxon~di and abl~gated. doflng fivool year 1939P1.0*1 Year 1939 d lpo__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

t~, of Wives P.I.A. 000-20 Rbabil1Ltat~cm, expanndo *.I .ta and,o;.t ... (Auslarr; -Pniladal expaidd and Manadod and' aq obioa11411.5.1112 11.68 1 6931!p %i.y4yji %63W - jh?.61.1j6 1413o2,6%i paeta resorted

91 2 28s-22 LS1;662 99,995 280.139, 3,83 609,22 i. Slcfe151 1211 160.9 - 4110 392,750 6119,039 j915 1,378!R12 2. Waood659 0 26, 12 3,2, -* ,5O t40e 3

58 11 ~~.556 6~~~~S6~"11i'Odd 14L. =G9i0 :,~ .Oqove and Arapaho- >30 5 -2 62Il,723 :.

53 13 I'9 10109 to'. 25, MUMoc School6110 1z,27~I.n 2i1so 11, ls99 169.,

N1 a, 3%35 27,762?41 7 1.07 9. Colorado 01.0cr65 29 7,1 L9T,5'' - 205Io. 001,111427 - p 3 11,00 '25.7 9$ 5 1t. Oonsolidakta Chippowa79 10 7,93 .. 7 -371,N09 12. Oounolldrted Ut.55 1 U1.1S "1la, 9711

jk 3 :953 . 'Ps:0. 1169,1 -, 2, I li .1.. Olvillsoo PrIbog62 11 it - .~~ 711 1I 9 * 5 ,7io au 8011

33 511 ;0, i. A =g 7.Y~o1Ai4147 O.;~~~V '1 2,50 4D , 051.*?ort Apache

79~~~i513 1,ooo~~~~~~~ I ax 1. Fort, flalko42 L,000 1 tri RO~~~~~ .2. Tort lDorthold

53 0 270,0 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M10371 7t13 22. Port. look

25 9 -. j~~~~402S9 39.5o0 29 , j D3,Tp ?1.7 22. Foort Polk57 v 224,0 R~- *2: Fiort Ttte

1 g0 o 5..70 -.2 325261 35'D 700.5D 0 ou,

- 28,"5 'b43,IT¾ 13.9 '6e, 9, j5S 31. E lo l

1.9 11 57 3,9 *175. .A' ,'-99 Kima67 33 ~~~26:3 ~fMMT 38, Nruthor 4

1[. 1 - 98,00v ... 15 7-5 Mnmie il24 23 1120 70.8~~~"3 3 109.1 54 Uecar

267 11131,00 - .58 19,79 2719 11. Portar o

'2 '!~ ~~~~~~~~ 3.222,17 4 ~ 17,Ppion 0112 3 5~~~~~9 7 It, 2.~~~~~~~g 49 1163,s- 3 . Niiloico

4 5:* 4 9 ?97.~~~~~~~~~~~4 165'9 .1.1 Pa seoios orh

15 3 .- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .AK 9576 4. PSani 2.1c anatorl0100 52 37,111AA97 59 - 230arro 1s3.ool

560 6 62.: ,,qoy

- ... XV3 9221, 99,326111. s6,,5~o1r52 23 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~6704-e *2052 !P 81oux:ant11rt

902 A.13 ~51,5 i,3 3310,2 912 6. .qodlWi ol

- 225,197 P23,9t2J~~ 69. Su oad a Sanator iumo

15,32' ,~09 lOv 1,8 .Wrl" ULNouranov.is, 554 %e72S739 avm Toteco Ion95 13 559,. 55. Uto0c Imcod 0@i'obo

30 2 37 ~ 19945 20:1443 -21 tSells3 92,65!~ .8,9" 1139,3 ,1,8 91.

6572 72 otd obI4~~~ 251 209,765 -, *~~~~~~~~~Iig ~~~~ 3 19.5 einl

55 29 22.1110 Ocion' ..,~~~~~ .115487 R6,882- 79 Shmm1oU o ol

3-1 43 20 A~~~~~~-, 592 ~ ,s~~ 27. 66 1. aOomtono5,010

2 1.07 316,0194 S 3- 316.1h 1.019 A 57. t . t dlrg3 - I .1/,16,79 2,65,97 15 So rtrvo7.0.od

2/St . ,4o11. i nldSI 2Iooovgoz and 06 ul3i0bndoy.'hla

49 62001.44. op r

3


Souca1 939 Ahanle Statisticil R,008ttaee 1.

T~able 11I. INDIAN POPULTJION IN CONTZMN&WA 1181r2 82A12Uqnder Jurisdiction of the Office of Indian Affair. kW State, Jurisdiction.

Reseriatiou, Tribe,* Stx, and Residoned * Jaucay 1 * 1939'

-~~~~~~~~ ?~~~~~~opulationano correat caucg rolls

!otal Matiding at Jurisdiction ]ladiaig at anotherState, .tarisdictlon. reservation. endl tribe" ninTtl hr =*s Pmriedictiam Reidn alwh

Pouai eae IN]i- Ra I Feae TtlIWa el s Ttl.I Me ImiTotal Inad~. Population.............. .................. 1 351.378 L26.5g5

A0IZOKA...........................................Colorado RLTer Agency, see eiSa- VUAdr aioi .

Cocp 89Bewaft"n (0o~mps ........................Colorido xiteOr 318"aryatin........... ......

(ch~aize~) .:.4...,..Q............(Otwer. .... ......

sort ~Jbjwo Divirtatiou. (Mobve) ......... '...~TotAihpAg964 j h& Rosoryition (Apacha).......3-I A syan Raierwvtion (opi) ...............

Nravajo Agency, woalso und r New Mexico and Utah...Shrolled.ppqulationT (Iweajn3............s..

1939 estiuste (Warjo).Paints Ageu.rtjtia. (P 4ut .... .,..

Pi4- Agency......................................xbnrpi~cosaii I ..e...tion(1ae-sna. ....Rile WFivor Peservati.on...............................

I(Naricops) .....................................................*~ (0jS.er tribes)..............................

Xwsiopa or JAD-Chiz Ressvarrtlon (Papsgo) ............h~R .1ier RaGSe sin ................ ............

* ia....................................(0.ther trih55) ............................

San Cdr3os Ageney and Reservation (Apache)............'Seiu1 A1gency......................

(Hi&, Rend ReeirmtIon (apaop-)...........a..........Pap..vass eszTation'.................

(R-apago) .........................(UR.ma) ................ ............. ............(O'ther tribes).................................

hen Xaver veservation (rapago) ......................Trqzton CAnYOR A9607 ...............................* aup Verde Rls9*rvwtiom (Apache) ....................

Zavaewala seeikvation (Ravasupel)...................HmalAq;&i Reservation (Welaped) .....................Tavapsi Reserration. (Yaarpal) ......................

122.451 n.85s6 I 1.03.1462 I in-A-h I tp I P2ino i P.Q0n I id..'1L I 3.i.11o4 I Gig

)i.g.98 2~4 150 M lJjag I1.j So1lJ~ 01 J~L.-24 9L 15 3 a 2

3~~~5 66e ~~~~~~30 217 1.0 1 i56 "I516 294 22~~~~ -~ .** .*** * 4i1~3* 4147

14 3 18~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~9 15 ;9 ~ '4 2~~52 197 1. 714 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 1 -..55 146 ea 12. Ii 267 47 .o]..Ws~5 1.z14w Wso 2.19 j 6 T 26 1z

.M 103~ ~3,0003 en lV. 1 .94 *.9.*9- **

95 rA~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~1 S -F 27

11823 .17 2.356 1469 2356 2.273 70 27 143 59 411360 165 195 356 161 2.. 3 1 .1

4,301 2,221 2.030 11.252 2.150 2.002 6d 2;4 36 87 v17 *167 86 SI 161 6 5 3 2 I <.1.*l .lIT 941 4 178 ~ . ~ .. .

5s2. 563 1.0m7 50 515 66 1 147 7 ~1. 03t0. n~ 506 g1 5* 4116 52.lii 36 7 "1

3. ' .566 15 2.9 1.141 3 43 11

5.57,5 2.311 2.764 5.13 9Ad2 2.535 l1 I ... 13 203 2295MU1 P*777 2.7'1 5.101 2.553 2.1 1 1. *... 46 223

27 12 15 -2i ~~ ~~~ ~~~~~9 12 .. . .. 6 3 3330 22 3 5 10 5 .. . . 5 23

513 262 2 ~ 4 256 23 1 41,3 .M. 2 09 5 M230 163 162

£0,~91 2.09

314133

5412J0165

19

159

17319 21

31R.5

0

1 .13

zu 14.

1i63

Liu.2.

551

5It2

612

14% 222662 23

See fontnotaea at end of table


CAMIOMLL ...........................................Carton Agency, usee Ts~da..............................

J'b- Independen.ce lBOsrvalion........................(Paiute) ........................................(Shaaahoe) ......................................

ApineC-ant (wasbo) at.......................(Paicont ........................................

(at)........................................hne ....................................

(Other tribbs) ..................................Mon,n Coonty .....................

(Maia)........... ..........................(~antn)........~.........................

.{0h~ho~p..........*.~............Cort _ River Agency. usea Arisona.

Bo .Tua ,r'.Agenvtlo Alm& . *.-4..........

EO paTresrvt U. .~.........(~~o~pn). ~~,.. ~ . . ........

(Xlsath)...............................h hes......................... ..............

Pheoar ivu (v ........ ... -..............

Buea River (Sque ek.,.................CEsc ant Omus (S.1th Rver......... .............CrescliertCLJ (i). Rre .....................

Z th-liv-r ........................M mdtIon Rl A -geoc hR......................

Missin Ageer .... ,.io)...................~~~~~~~-ln ..................

~~~~~~~- ......................canp asrasin~is~j~),~rs..................

Cava a.Bssaip~ (i~....................

Ideja, Reservationi (MbSZion)....................Logana Reservation (mission) ..................La Jolla. Reservation (Mission) ................L. Posta. Reservation (Mis~sion) ................Lot Coy'o ts Beservation (Mission) .............nxeazenta Esmo(M mii.....................

Mas.& Crania Reaserration. (Mission) ..................Mission Creek Reservation (Mission) ................Uozongo 'Rssurvation (IElsion) ......................PSI& Reservatioan (Iission)..........................Pale Springs Reservation (Mission) .................Psona Ressreuiion (Mission) ........................P chs'ag8 a Reservation (Mission) .....................El-noo Re-sorratio (Mission) .......................

2,-i~n 21.1721L 1zC vr or . __ l , ~cso. , r-

72 39 33 72 39. 33 ... ... ..68 37 31: Gs 37 3A ... .. *

41 2 2 24 2 2 ... .....

65 33 .32 59 3 6 3 3 .. ..

7w 3V 39 663 320 33 *. *. ... 85 33 52132. 66 s *. . . 15 8 1

".31 225 27~~~2 V~5 22 21 . ** ... 2 ... 2

5A6 2~~~~~~~~~S 6~~~~~j s l F~~~9 29 131

9.31 ~~~i21 52813 3 .V. 228 10238~~~~ 19~~21 191 173 ~~~~~102 ... ... ... 179 8~~~~~~~1 s

1421 8 26 3 ~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~1 2 ... .. . 1 17. 21176 69 78 215~~~~~~!- 33 . . . I 67 3 36.56 ~~~~~~~~~ ~ 41 35 I' I 33 1 1s

6.4 :lf 5 , 2,OT92 1.161* 9m 10 21 9 1__17_ b____

10J135166

3325

2323

8715

22306216

50621

220188

61J

851

is2

1271

522s

12610

221

113103

b

678a

1213

U15

23537

1091.2

14111022630

10785

1022

15,2

305

139

7156

15715

187113

498

287*14526899

76

22123

58

31.

71

1213

521

26

30

716125

'192151o1

I 1

1. .

1i ::

1i 1:

I

1

121

22

92i

1169777

119

721

22119-90

22.10

)t

.1

2

3T4,31

11i

10

52197

40It

702111

116245


Table 111. INDIAN POPULATION Il CONTIMUNAX. UNITEM STAMSUnder- Jurisadiction of tba Office of Iia8In Affairs by State., ftrlsdicticn.

ReSez-'ration. Tribe. Sax. and Itesidence. Janiviry 1. 1539' - Coutimuad

1 ~~~~~~~~~Populatioson anCraunt conosa ro~l.

total f easA4,n at auredction ResSiding at anothezrInian Total whers enold { joriadiction R baiding elsewharm

e~~ ~urle~~ict~on, * POU ' M~ale__ Verana Total ale Vmasle TZota Hal. J peaal Tintal 12mfl

Misl IL211 getncrcntinue

San diazzel ,Naexeation owtEj ).............1an Paequal.asservation,(xisgion)..........Santa ......enva.............EnA-t TIL.8 aRsezvatinn-Arnuian) .. 4.... .....Sapt&-Ysab.1-M.beamtI,%n -(Minasion)..................

bbbalaaiaton (Mipgiox)srcuouResezrttion. (Iftn m ..............

forzee.artnas.flsa~ua~On(assion) ........Un-eerollad I~ztiam, 1535 estimatee...... ....

_Soasreanto AganAW ...... i..............................Ib~t 35AawpU Msaearru~ion (Peiute)..........Mofto 0opty otbar than .1oat X2idwl Raservation

(Pit- River)....................Round- Valley Raeservation (tribes not available)~Elver~vat~op-(trlb~snot available)....AUl Other 1ndiana unla Sacramento Agen*7, but not

0*As*;idp~t& tea Agency, see also andeS IVteh ..........BS.ozu 'asz Ifie sertatlion (Se) .....................Uto i(wuntela Reservation (Vt.) .. .....*........

?rzonnus seminole Agenny an Reservation (seninole) ..TrA ................. ... I ............................

Tort Nell Agency end. Bass...tism, see also under 'Utah.(3aaanCk) .......................................(0hoshona) ......................................(Other tribes).).................................

Northern 1dals "~any. see also under Tambington .---Coeur d'Alone Resersation (Coeur A'.lsaoe ...........Kootenai Reservation (IKootanal). ..........gas Perot Reservation (Was Poes.) ..................

Vesteru Shoshone Agency. wad. Reservation, soe Swamda..(Paint.) .............................(Shoshone) ...........................

I01fl: Sao and 101 Agency and. RaeerYe±ion(Sa~c and loax of the Miseissippl) ...................

441

265126.36

20

214.

32

460

2156

O0

125

66

WA

215

3357

1~444

1710

5115

U6

544

a-'

2.

:: I4;2

..7

114

.23i65

1 5

19.

7

199

10*51.

7I0

39

11

-.9

196 2Q3 267 . . . 34 6 7253 15 6

.VI- la1 9.. .A it 1- 244W;A ~~~~~27 - 1:3

1* ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~23.4

414 234, .124 0 5 5 5323.2 ..,, 25 2 .. 2 3

1,5193 2 280. 3~ 1,30 60 9 1 41 5 5

.10 5 ~ ~5 9 4 5 2. 1 ..415 1,010 1-125 2.742 sa 92 12 6 65 261 12) i4o

b 27 321 W 203 225 2L 22 'I~. 9

1.416 669 79 1.21 57 4 ; 55 ''' 1 -43 4482014 1.10 186 101 Is 1 9 ... ___ ___

129 T2 - 1 ,,7 112] ___ W - a 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ _ 9_ 11

14 3! 231.....ni. 4.J 2L a . 210 30 I ..... 21____ __

...

...

2k


SAMM........................................ 2.088Potewatoli Agency ........................... ........

Iowa Rageryation (low&) ............................Xickapoo Paservatlon (riekpoo) ......................... ~Pataa-tora Reservation (Potawatoad) .................... 1.077,PC and 3bz Reser ration (Rekq and. Ye;o, th VX1oni 13-0

LOMUIAX21A Choatm Agenc (Atitsaa a).. ea~h~ip. 12MIBtX.................................. .......

Gra Lae Ageuncy gtl'(Wpaw)................ 1063357 MUyi11 C-=mMitJY (KP *timtod r........... m

.4rile 6'wdty(Patematoul) ..................ZaW,04mw RaLy Indian Coummmityj estzamtatd 31... .....

T~jV Apay..tS" IS2ni~p ............ P.............. 3Z5oat4red. ILiangu not OA census rollst 1939 eStimate. 3.06&

MflSO!Ak................41.............................. 1.3.. 6Oem Kli r7 OeppwaAW,........................ 1.

E~sht~ Nj t, LeSt 6~~1nC~~pu

Grad. oz~g*,eppy41~a (Chi~p~J,..........

~~ ~~~¶a~~nn (~..I.pr.j.a............. 1....

Blcfe ogrc * ill Lapr~~c (Xad~a eeatio Qip) ..... 46

RatiLap.Apn~ ani Rawva-rn N a"Ijipew-... .........

u4.zLouielan... ................................................... ,

m~a~et Agsay a~ iR~e~atia (P ..eat.......... .

................... n.............

..................................... I

((re....................................... .9(BOtuz).ti.e.)...................................famop Eiyr Agency andi Reservation...................

(amy~enm)..........................................I 2.Wiir(Other ..i.s.....................................

Wnhs Resliervation mad" ....r..ic...... ........... 30____

f-mRsratio..................................9Santsa Ram"rvution (SIOUX) .................... 1,2914Wiingee~ Reservation (winea.v)...............268

1.030 1.oo 1.412 712 A~ 41 1 92 . I..

170 '172 3195 153 166 I I22 16657 520 7231 380. 3241 12 6 6V~4& 171 I6o 70 60 as 32 246 aa a24 10

~~ 5~L 1 1 3 .j 21 5_1 _

72 73 14 0 7 1 . .

23I01 I .. ...Jr. 2.1..

__0 .3k L.* 6.02 .2 2441 21a 23 MU L.6 .081

7TT- EM a ~2 1 1 I 2191.~~~~~ 1,~~~~~ 1.~~~~~~ -.3 5245 281 ask.

185 167 16 .. .. D4_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~tt 02395 _ _ e1.105 _ _______ _____ _______~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 5

Q01

~~~_ _ ~2.O 1.0bi4 K- 0 96 U

ZG50 ~~ ~ 16 38 19 19

251 7 7t 18 37 4 35

7 It 5m 4~19 3715 5 870 311 39 98 24~~~~~~33 )43

9833

822

wk396 183

39

4 1 5 . 1 775 7b 1 z ! IP131. "i 77 1 W14L I I5 I-- -; I _L

2. 41 _M 2 4 1 1 1 ... 4 *.. *.. *.. I 4224241 1 24 1 WV 33 2. "sLB 1 3T 4 187 1 8 4 9X9 L. 520TL 5- . -- . ---- . MAP i W - - .~~~~~~~~~~231

198 I120 .371 20 1 179,1192 71 6 129110 I.. I .. j

52

89

2611t4

2.

:fJM

19367s660

202616

200T31

75ZWI1

701'9

3711

223105

23.24

106

lb

117249

1824

2215191112

10396

103

. 17-" COA d, I- I., .-1.090 I-Cmz 'I-Ino

I

092 I -W'AL I e


Table XI. XXDIAN PVPULATON IN CaOINNTIS AL U1X1 STATEKSUnder JurisdIiction of the office of Indian Affairs 'by State. Jurisdiction,

Reservation. Tribe. Sam, alid Residence, Jaemax7 1. 1939- - Continued.

~~~I Population Ca cumiet cemuse runls

I tl eidn a ur1,d~ction Reiing~~i at anther

State. Juzrisdiction. r~eemrtioa. .-andtie * Indlan~ 1 -te uhr aol etiu leh;Lt*Iaole Tt.1 otal ale ... 1. ?ota I aN j- Total W.l Weawas

I1 I 1I

Carsca A~ec.seas ne ai~na......UMfLn Reservation..............................

(1VaiUte), ...........................................

?o~t N e~ 4&O R (Pdt) .................Pr3 Fn~4 eke sean ...o.........................

.~~~~................

Pes~stlO -..........

(Sheehan.) ............................Wpn.?~aeratio;A'4u.'k .............. I..........

__ ~~~~~~~~.................'..........

-i. abylboestern Rey.",.~ ..........................

- t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....................

.-.................................

~~~..~~ ................

~ 4~ea.....................

trib).. ...........................se................................

Aeon ep4Uta...................Raeqv~tod ?a~~e)..................

underIdaho............. .... .................t~hohons.................................

(Othe ..i........................... I.........

Jiceiji M~ny ad Reervtion(Apche.............Hesaelero AgeoL7 anA Reservation (Apache).............Navajo Agency, see A~rizona end Utah (Israjo)...........

~R m I I ha. o ~112 1 17 2; 125 3 1 1 .. 3

3 j1 oI 'a 10 9 .70 IL 3. .. 2..4i6 .. .i *. -

255 1OL IW9 &: 117 22 25 2265 iw 10 5 3 2 1

55 262 W3 z? 1 r**. *:

20N 27 1111 la~~~~~~~3 2

32,17 15p "- 2 1

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 43

381161 22 74~5 ..

1~Jz2; a 35 2%qj 1 3 9 3f 7

~~9 1~~I 1I~~2 !63j~1 36 ... ... 2

I-9, 1l.- 3O"3 110.,996 1 L231 8 j ' . ~ 1 2 i

! 1-47C I �- 710,


4.W4.lp *-* 'll P 4 4 44. 4* -1 4 P- *. I. 4A .* .4 *r .. 4 4 4

4444.4444, * : I Vt *.. .. .. . I P..

'4I

I..-U.'0It

.4 444.1

%:1- :-' l : : :wi : VI :; 04 4I.

~~~~ .4 ~~~~~~~~. . . . . .*f IC I

.4. . . .. .

.... . . .. . ... ... . ... ......V

. . .. .. . . . . . . .. b4. .~~-. . 4 . &

. .*. .4..... . . . . .4*~ V~. . .4

.4 '~~~~~~~~~~~~ A4

-4"'" '4 . ._ _.._

4 4 eS '4MD 14I 1R :.'I eS 4 4 4

.U 4. .4

�

0�'. -'

44

'I

it

.-4

E4

44r

.S.4......

'.4 ..� : :�.:.4.4.: : :

4.,. *,.. * .5


Table MU. UIAND ?POMTIhfON IN 0CMZIfENTAL U3VITD ST'ATESUnder Juricdiction of the Office of Indjan Mffeirs by State. JuaisdIction.

Reservati~on, Tribe, Sex, and Residence, Jantiaryr 1. 1939,' - Conttnaied

Population. en current census rnefl

Total Uscidng at jurlsdilotieA Basiding St another~~~ ~~~~ * ~~~~~India %ta1 She?. Scroll"d Jurisdiction I A**d11in5 dlasher

______________ __~~~~~~~XMS ed Tta "i __P15?1.oaml[Moal MIScu2. otal I3.3. I ocl

aCUBADUA-cotiamedKIews Agency. see also under Taxas...................

Kicowa Reservation..................................(Apache)........................................(Coamache) ......................................M m) ....................................

EebStAt~ 20serratien .............................(CasdeQ...~...............................

.........................................(Wlhita ..........................

'0qm-~g qe a xRauzvittmr-ccm8 ... -~ .........Pamee Agmr... .......................

Kawi ERacermtienm (Mas ..............................Oakimm~. 3.uaratiou (8'ezna) ......................Ott. zDervPaVlbn (Pawav)..)........................Paune-'Resfsratiol (Pmm4*s)...........Po.&. 31be.eaics. (Pec)...................

q~mpwnAgeu...............................MLaktb Shawnee Reverratien. (IShanee)..............Upiti- Rlsierm~tca (Misai)..........................

N !.. 0aw& *D4veq'voldh. (Ottaws) .........................ReP~r~xkW~z~tv"6m- Pecfti) .6 ...............

-zmk& .un4zgw ........................aea!p"Miod. (seeca&).......................

ficndonttrp3uzntieo (V~mfdoet.) ..................Shawnee ............. ..........

Towa'- flervasi&en - sa9.e...........................~kckaie-eeaiknied~e~a~nKlcepee) .............Pot~ntwd..2jer~t~n*(Ctizen Potiawtomi). ...

!Smc apd3bz-eservatoan (Swac nd. 1z) ...............Shvqet'De~rWaticn (Shmmi) ......................

023GG&; 0 .... ....................Orenle Ronds-Silltz Agency...........................

Grande UpnduafzBservatien ...........................(omacka ) ..........................(3egmd Myer) ...................................

(U~w.....................................(Other tribes)...................................

Bil. ts Reservation ................................(=acten eta) ...................................(Galie. Creck) ;................................(Joskra)........................................

6.5924 I vn. I C nn 14 7 7 I In 20 23L

3 Y6 I80 2.66 U 179- s-2 1 .i36 1196 2,_U12 L127 15 1 2.. 1 9. 9P~.42 I.2m 2.W1 1.214 1, 2 .. 2 9 9

2-;-pz M goo I.-% ~~~~3 2 1 * .Ip19 ~ 510 11ing 1 1 -it.1. 2

11 914 2714 406 1 M *

525 272 5023 482S252 4o 20 20 24 3 1 8 3 5

96 ag 9 35 72 3 36 55p142 42. 792 395 3924 3 20 13 175 12

3 1.709 1.81 I73a~l .!TL w i.IGO 15A135 6 62W ~~~ifr 1 57 92 II II 91. 33r 94 2214 209 21 119 112 12 7 5 1go058 5

385 m 205 12.5 : 79 38 24 17 so 99579 279 7 159 18ff 19 129 g

79P 14 72 32 41 ItIT ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~191 226

U0 1~~~57 ao9 ... .. I ..268 139 19 28 12! 42 :: .. . 30 15 15

2.932. 1.16 1,4242 1,1230 56 56'5 19 5' II 1,6 696 966859 440 ~ 766 393 37.3 15 7 8 105 14% 596,59 353 306 635 330 256 114 9 '5 27 3) .13

b05 58 19 ~13 239)I~f526063

172hm833142246

37 14535 25

28 3593 79

20 240114 1923 1923 23

1 45 '19

366 185.27 1335 2015 9

23

511i1

1141s6

1o9

96

5

1

14

5614

31

4.,579

229241

.18

51

i I

-4. v&


(Z K lt................... .....

(f~he7thib~........

. ............ .

Valuuj.At~-L~bs&±at........

..........................

.....................

fl~aieu.8~~J~I~i~~dh ...... ).................

Pi~C~inc~ah 3aiettin (iou)...........

Bose~u4~1g~zib~ ~~ ~ ~i..................oeeW~4eOT~aiou(Siox).....................

to~i.5earytio, (iou)....................;

loath ~~Zt i (So ;.................................

(Sioux)................ .....................

gAaaaencr Ooueh rta)..........................~TAI............................................

Oonsoligateg Ute J8007. 500~~ Co. .... ..... ....Allen anon Sb-Agmeft W)........................

Ibri X0.2.1 Ageacy. ioe Okdabhoa.13 tm

!lashakI. Bub-Agency (Shosbon*) .....................

65'5539

15'..333

56

242

3728272375

172

.397

2535V

28272125

161

'30I

919

.36

2465271

- 66

2718222.2614

1571.2222338.3;

1-939

22

23.

24

57

2.7

.3!

I

31

3

31

3

5

1

16166 I

2629

IA

32

1.010it

115.

2

1

In.

6622

15

j3.3

2

24a 71 7176 12245 15b 12 27- WIII 1 ~ 9

a9 14 o 986 3Ilip 3____

319 au 215 Io 2T 14 23~~~~~ W. 2. 351

IN a 4w - 9 .. r it~~~~~24 31 9 13

T 5 2 227 .2 1.. 7I 1 7

s~~i 16 13.is

3.123~~~~~~~~232,301701 1.317- 9 77 1~ 5 9 39 224 2

2.65~4. 1,36 1.8 1.7 58 61 71 697 ..4V3-

230 22 1 3 22 16 .2 j. . .. ___

4, 70D I I.-V I 62 1 To0 I ... I - I ... I ____co


.a0

gI#

a"0.40

p s

/4-


2uaifk0160 .......... I oot.................. 3....19 A 3 2.0 .00 107, 1 5 50 105 59744 ST2'Hucklelonk 195 105 U-3 83 100 ~~~~~~~1- 2. II 7 24Port H._ aY~tCan- tiwuaalmsh) ............ 16 151 79 72 3 .. 3 13 .8

K#-74~~ Io ............ 166 2.9 12 17 *. .. .. 29 14. .149Pob~~~~~~~~~~~......... * 22 2526 2 24 631 3. 0 0............... 145 356 2 .. 1 ~ 9. T 20 6Ti~ina h~ ao4~an.rvambond (TaW 252Jj 246 1 Im9

2a4 l~ffW ~ t,~tio . ...........-. † † ††......i2..........4 IN0150 23 21Crsabi a.huy.(oaaou U 00'4416' ~ 1I 123 3 2 . 10Zoo do~t9~I.Us. Eaa...... (alv)....... 21.65. SO ,~ *r44 I; 12 19 260 i20~ 21

Z0 dzz~~~4sb.~~Kbuo~~vatioa (~~~1ppau) ~ ~ 8 289'I- 212 .89 Ij3 .357 5 -6 j *. 194qM AN~~ 2a& ~~ * ...........3(hppu~... . ............. .. 6.111 25Bd- q),M qW32 117 27 .1 lb 22

Ost( Croi. SBA400~pv. . ~ * . .. ' Une .e.......r 1.6. 3. US... ... .. .... 3rIuhi yAm a~ onj. , ato ... au~..... L]~i. 10 ~ 2 . .4L..... - 190T35 5P..99i334.2 ... 1... 25L'0netda~~sa~a~st~sa~(0ze18a.) ~ *.'***. 3,321 .Fbs92,i. 1259 YH 71,7 0 3. 19 210 3381 , 1

?u~a aaRl1ata t'(Ejdp buo- .... ~.... 632 ~ 8 i1~ .2 3 298'O 2,4 .31 .74 78 13Maed ELti bfWb 13Wb'0ed

Otat' hrq1a3Pn- hf OQI'OVed a2Aec f~, aznt~jAer1 ~~/haeoaac ~Y a I 13 a X'eea B' a ~ cnnain f .Ane*Lo juzDsot ai4Otoa80rflmieaI14Yd~1. i 9d31 s ppltino bsddiplcaizs, -aeleCfo .wolai in 1935.2 M -61A -W 4 15 .14


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