JUly 2006

L i g h t i n g D e s i g n + A p p L i c A t i o n

35thAnniversAry

issue

T e c h n i q u e s f o r i n d u s T r i a l l i g h T i n g

shifT Work

departments 6 Editorial

8 Letters

10 President’sPerspective

14 Updates

18 EnergyAdvisor

19 DigitalDialogue

22 Art+Illumination

24 ResearchMatters

29 Tools+Techniques

60 BookReview

62 LightProducts

64 Events

66 ClassifiedAdvertisements

67 AdOffices&AdIndex

68 NewandSustainingMembers

71 IESFYI

ON THE COVER:Storage facilities, airplane hangars and manufacturing plants each require creative lighting techniques.

I N D U S T R I A L L I G H T I N G / L D + A 3 5 T H A N N I V E R S A R y

jULy, 2006VOL. 36/NO. 7

features32 Self-Storage,Self-improvement

A self-storage facility has become a symbol of

communityprideinarundownareaofTopeka,KS

37 HanDleDWitHCare

Lightinganddesignwerepartofthepackagefrom

dayoneatanewpostalcenterinPhiladelphia

42 planeS,CraneSanDverytigHtSpaCeS

A new hangar lighting system had to navigate

around airplanes, a ceiling-mounted crane and

otherlogisticalchallenges

46 ligHtingDriver

Patrice Fields is the go-to person when lighting

issuesariseatGM’s65manufacturingplants

at 49 LD+AontHeSixeS

TakearideinthetimemachineandseewhatLD+A

wascoveringinJuly’76,’86and’96

53 reColleCtionSanDrefleCtionS

Lightingprofessionalsofferobservationsonthelast

35years

56 rippeDfromtHeHeaDlineS

IESNA past president Alan Lewis previews the

stories LD+A will be covering in advance of the

Society’sBicentennialcelebrationin2106

32 46 42 37

LD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in the art, science, study, manufacture, teaching, and implementation of lighting. LD+A is designed to enhance and improve the practice of lighting. Every issue of LD+A includes feature articles on design projects, technical articles on the science of illumination, new product developments, industry trends, news of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, and vital information about the illuminating profession. Statements and opinions expressed in articles and editorials in LD+A are the expressions of contributors and do not necessarily represent the policies or opinions of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Advertisements appearing in this publication are the sole responsibility of the advertiser.

LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of America by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005, 212-248-5000. Copyright 2006 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY 10005 and additional mailing offices. Nonmember subscriptions $44.00 per year. Additional $15.00 postage for subscriptions outside the United States. Member subscriptions $32.00 (not deductible from annual dues). Additional subscriptions $44.00. Single copies $4.00, except Lighting Equipment & Accessories Directory and Progress Report issues $10.00. Authorization to reproduce articles for internal or personal use by specific clients is granted by IESNA to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided a fee of $2.00 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. IESNA fee code: 0360-6325/86 $2.00. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying for purposes such as general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, or resale.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005. Subscribers: For continuous service please notify LD+A of address changes at least six weeks in advance.

This publication is indexed regularly by Engineering Index, Inc. and Applied Science & Technology Index. LD+A is avail-able on microfilm from Proquest Information and Learning, 800-521-0600, Ann Arbor, MI

PublisherWilliam Hanley, CAE

EditorPaul Tarricone

Associate EditorJohn-Michael Kobes

Assistant EditorRoslyn Lowe

Art DirectorSamuel Fontanez

Associate Art DirectorPetra Domingo

ColumnistsEmlyn G. Altman • Brian Liebel Doug Paulin • Paul Pompeo Willard Warren

Book Review EditorPaulette Hebert, Ph.D.

Marketing ManagerSue Foley

Advertising CoordinatorLeslie Prestia

Published by IESNA120 Wall Street, 17th FloorNew York, NY 10005-4001Phone: 212-248-5000Fax: 212-248-5017/18Website: www.iesna.orgEmail: iesna@iesna.org

Isn’t it satisfying when you see something

that needs fixing, think to yourself “there oughta be a law” (or a stop

sign at that intersection), and the solution you had in mind comes to

pass? This month’s LD+A offers two cases in point.

At the IESNA Centennial conference in January, Mark Lien, who man-

ages Cooper Lighting’s education center, spoke about how lighting edu-

cation needs to reach the general population. One avenue, he added,

would be to feature lighting on some of the popular home improvement

TV shows. Sure enough, our Updates section (p.14) describes two such

TV spots—one being an Extreme Makeover: Home Edition episode on

the installation of new auditorium lighting at a Texas school ravaged by

Hurricane Rita.

Back in July 1996, at the time of LD+A’s 25th anniversary, Naomi

Miller noted how the computer industry needed to produce better

quality monitors, to mitigate the problem of light reflection on the face

of the monitor. This would allow designers to eschew low-brightness

luminaires in favor of luminaires that produce a brighter, more cheer-

ful office space. Ten years later—mission accomplished. “Wow. I said

that in ‘96?” recalls Miller. “Hmmm. Pretty prophetic, actually. Yes,

computer screens have come a long way in 10 years. This is an issue I

don’t worry about much any longer because the newer LCD flat screens

are brighter (i.e. higher luminance) and have much lower specular and

matte reflection characteristics. So, they don’t reflect bright luminaires

like mirrors the way old CRT screens used to.”

So, after reading incoming IESNA president Kevin Flynn’s descrip-

tion of the five key strategic initiatives he plans on making a prior-

ity during his term (p.10), or past-president Alan Lewis’s fictitious(?)

account of what the lighting world will look like at the time of the IESNA

Bicentennial in 2106 (p.56), don’t just chalk up these musings to wishful

thinking. Sometimes when you think “there oughta be a law,” one might

be right around the corner.

E D I TO R I A L

� www.iesna.org

Paul tarricone

Editor

ptarricone@iesna.org

Vol.36/No.7

Rethinking Short Wavelengths

If the readers will forbear, a few

comments concerning Akashi’s,

Lewin’s (April 2006) and Morel’s

(February 2006) letters regarding

the advantages of short wavelength

light sources may broaden read-

ers’ understanding of this important

issue. To be plain about my per-

spective, I support any technologies

or approaches that offer significant

public safety benefits. However,

broad-spectrum lighting is well

understood to have significant del-

eterious consequences for astrono-

mers, stargazers and wildlife. To

allow a balancing of advantages and

disadvantages, the possible benefits

of short wavelength lighting must

be carefully and fairly evaluated.

1) We must first judge the success

of roadway lighting by any improved

safety it produces, and not by pos-

sibly unrelated measures such as

power consumption, unified lumi-

nance, or residents’ acceptance.

2) The fact that recommended aver-

age luminance values for roadways

fall in the upper mesopic range scarce-

ly diminishes Morel’s point that the

advantages of this short wavelength

light occur primarily at lower levels.

3) It is not likely of much relevance

that portions of the visual field may

be at lower luminance than the aver-

age, since the visual scanning vital

to safe driving will bring brighter

portions of the field onto most parts

of the retina. Under these conditions

the adaptation state of the retina

remains very close to that of the

highest luminance level. And this

ignores the vital issue of the effect

of the driver’s own and oncom-

ing headlights, which will further

decrease the eyes’ ability to become

dark adapted.

4) Researchers have been unable

to demonstrate either any on-the-

ground safety benefits of short wave-

length lighting sources (as opposed

to predicted or demonstrated under

laboratory conditions), or any dis-

advantages from light sources defi-

cient in short wavelengths such as

high- or even low-pressure sodium

(Ref. 1). The work of Rea et al.,

Lewis and Adrian (as well as oth-

ers) are based almost exclusively on

laboratory experiments and do not

unanimously support the degree of

advantage for white light sources

indicated in Lewin’s interpretation.

While Akashi and Lewin raise

important issues, Morel’s comments

are still largely correct. Lighting

practitioners should be wary of

drawing too much from this interest-

ing though incompletely developed

area of vision research. As Lewin

himself states, at this point we may

only say that there is the possibility

of improved safety through the use

of short wavelength light; and “... we

should keep an open mind and not

misconstrue the facts.”

Reference 1. “Roadway Lighting: An

Investigation and Evaluation of Three

Different Light Sources,” I. Lewin, P.

Box and R. Stark, Final Report 522,

2003 (www.ntis.gov/; search for docu-

ment PB2004100097)

Christian B. Luginbuhl

US Naval Observatory

Flagstaff Station

Flagstaff, AZ

PRESIDENTKevin Flynn, AIAKiku Obata & Company

PAST PRESIDENTAlan Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIESThe New England College of Optometry

SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT (President-Elect)Kimberly Szinger, PEStantec Consulting

VP-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIESRonald Gibbons, Ph.DVirginia Tech Transportation Institute

VP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCHPekka HakkarainenLutron Electronics Co. Inc.

VP-DESIGN & APPLICATIONDenis Lavoie, LCLUMEC, Inc.

VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIESWanda Barchard, LCBurt Hill

TREASURERGale Spencer, LCLighting By Design

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTWilliam Hanley, CAE

DIRECTORSDavid A. BaumMartin Architectural

Boyd CorbettS2C Incorporated

James Cyre Philips Lighting

Terrance Kilbourne, LCTEC, Inc.

Paul Mercier, LCLighting Design Innovations, Ltd.

Russ Owens, LCWest Coast Design Group

RVP DIRECTORSCraig Kohringmda engineering, inc.

Peter Romaniello, LC Conceptual Lighting LLC

2006-2007Board of DirectorsIESNA

L E T T E R S

� www.iesna.org

L E T T E R S

LD+AJuly2006 �

Efficacy vs. EfficiencyRegarding Ronny Verbeeck’s

Letter to the Editor (LD+A, May), the

metric “lumens per watt” is defined

as the “efficacy” of the lamp/ballast

combination. “Photometric efficien-

cy” is defined as luminaire lumen

output divided by lamp lumen input.

The efficiency of a bare lamp in

space is 100 percent, because all

lamp lumens escape. A luminaire

using the smaller diameter T-5 lamp

will emit about five percent more

lamp lumens than a T-8 lamp, which

is the same improvement that a T-8

lamp will achieve over a T-12 lamp,

assuming both optical trains are

optimized.

Fluorescent lamps are tempera-

ture sensitive. The lamp output vs.

temperature curve has approxi-

mately a 45-deg slope approaching

its optimal output. There’s about a

one percent loss in output for every

degree F that the lamp is above or

below its optimum temperature (25

deg C for the T-8 lamp and 35 deg C

for the T-5 lamp). Sometimes that’s

called “thermal efficiency,” but it

probably should be called “thermal

efficacy.”

Referring to my February “Energy

Advisor” column, Ronny Verbeeck

declares that the efficiency of a

direct/indirect luminaire with 75

percent downlight is “far more effi-

cient” than one with 75 percent

uplight. The zonal lumen output of

a luminaire is the average candle-

power in each 10-deg zone multi-

plied by the relative area of that zone

on a sphere. Taking the earth as an

example, a 10-deg zone at the South

Pole is only nine percent of the

area of a similar 10-deg zone at the

equator. Therefore, a direct/indirect

luminaire with 75 percent uplight is

much better at emitting more lamp

lumens near the “equator” and is

therefore more “efficient” than one

with 75 percent downlight.

“Direct” luminaires do provide

more light directly below, but indi-

rect light rays, illuminating a 90 per-

cent RF matte white ceiling tile, cre-

ate a Lambertian emitter with an 1.8

to 1 spacing ratio, which improves

uniformity on all surfaces in a room.

Indirect lighting is preferred by more

people than direct lighting, because

it is softer, has fewer shadows, less

direct and reflected glare, more uni-

formity, is more forgiving and pro-

vides greater comfort.

Both occupancy sensors and

daylight harvesting are energy sav-

ers and the amount of the savings

depends on many variables. Topside

day lighting can save a maximum

of 80 percent in lighting energy,

while side windows can save only

30 percent. The other factors include

the percentage of time the room is

empty, the energy cost, whether

expensive dimming ballasts are

used, other material and labor costs

and the client’s budget and dedica-

tion to sustainability.

For a full copy of the California

PIER 4.5 study, email me at wlwlight-

ing@att.net.

Willard L. Warren, PE, LC, FIESNA

Willard L. Warren Associates

New York, NY

Just Say No To Digital Enhancements

I found the article “Slides Are

Dead...Long Live Pixels?” (LD+A,

May, “Digital Dialogue”) to be quite

interesting. The author, Emlyn

Altman, had requested comments

regarding digital submissions for

IIDA awards. I believe the integrity

of the process is at stake; with this

in mind I believe we should adopt a

strict guideline. I think this guideline

should be no digital enhancements

whatsoever. If you have a submis-

sion, as the article demonstrated,

that has digital enhancements, it is

too “gray” or subjective to deter-

mine whether or not this changes

the project. I believe people need

to know what is and is not accepted

so they are not the ones trying to

guess what does or does not count

as “manipulated.” If we try to avoid

these gray areas I believe we will

keep the integrity of the submission

process intact.

As a side note regarding the for-

matting of the submissions, I believe

it would be easiest to ask those sub-

mitting to put one project saved at

two different resolutions on one disk.

This would allow the IIDA committee

to use the material how they need to

without taking the time to change it

themselves or going back and ask-

ing the person submitting to send

another file.

Leslie Forrester

KEY Lighting

Kansas City, MO

+ e-mail a letter to the editor:ptarricone@iesna.org

P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E CT I V E

10 www.iesna.org

What an honor it is to serve

as president of the IESNA in 2006-2007. This is a

pivotal year as we transition from our Centennial

year, a year of retrospection, to a year of launch-

ing key new initiatives contained within the

“2006-2010 Brand Platform and Strategic Plan”

to position the IESNA as the preeminent voice

for the lighting profession in the 21st century.

As we begin the journey of implementing

the strategic plan, let’s focus on the power of

the membership collectively and the impact our

profession can have on society as a whole. What

a tremendous opportunity and responsibility!

Eleanor Roosevelt said,”The future belongs to

those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”

Join me in imagining what we will accomplish in

the second century of the IESNA. The collective

“spirit” of IESNA is our future.

Spirit is defined as, 1. An attitude or principle

that inspires, animates or pervades thought,

feeling or action and 2. A vigorous sense of

membership in a group. Let’s imagine an IESNA

with more spirit than ever before.

The Strategic Plan and Brand Statement that

the Board has been working on this past year

will be finalized and adopted at our July meeting.

This document will create a dynamic course for

the next four years in an ever-changing environ-

ment. This plan identifies core goals and initia-

tives that will align our future activities ensuring

implementation of our mission and achievement

of our vision. Through this focus, we will main-

tain the stability that has allowed us to generate

the proud history, which we celebrated in 2006

and contribute to a bright future.

Future perFect

To create a shared vision for 2006-2007, I have

chosen the theme “Light Matters: Integrating

Light into our Environments.” This will encourage

us to look at how the IESNA can expand beyond

its current horizons to create a lighting com-

munity to explore the power of light in creating

healthy, productive, sustainable and inspirational

environments. In support of this idea, let me

share with you five initiatives from the Strategic

Plan which will be a priority in 2006-2007.

• The first of these initiatives deals with young

members. It states: increase interaction among

and attractiveness to students and younger

members by developing an emerging profes-

sional or young lighting professionals orga-

nization within the IESNA. I am asking the

Membership Committee to present a plan to

the Board for accomplishing this. This should

be a priority, because this is our future genera-

tion of volunteers and leaders. If we engage this

group, we increase our membership and ensure

a healthy future!

• The second initiative is to promote the

dynamic development of lighting research. I

believe the Society has an important role to play

in being the leader in getting the research, edu-

cational and professional communities to work

together. As such, the task force working on this

10 www.iesna.org

As we begin the journey of implementing the Strategic plan, let’s focus on the power of the membership collectively and the impact our profession can have on society as a whole

P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E CT I V E

July2006 11

portion of the Strategic Plan and the Research

Committee are looking at how to make this hap-

pen. At the same time they are looking at the fea-

sibility of creating an endowment fund that could

be used to support lighting research initiatives.

• The third initiative is to be the source of light-

ing knowledge. We must anticipate the needs

of the profession and provide tools that our

membership and the public can use. To continue

to be valued, we need to do valuable things! To

participate effectively in the new global economy,

we as a Society need to be nimble, flexible and

intellectually expansive. Access to information,

effective communication and resources that are

easy to use are necessary so that members stay

competitive. In order to do this, the Board has

initiated an assessment of current IESNA commit-

tees and the publication process with the intent

of crafting a revised committee structure that can

deliver high quality, professional publications in a

timely manner and improve the effectiveness of

each volunteer’s time.

• The fourth initiative is education for life.

There is currently a task force in place to look at

increasing the value and relevance of the IESNA

to members by providing effective professional

development and lighting education. This group

is establishing a comprehensive program that

can reach all experience levels as well as the

general public and students. As part of this effort,

the IESNA will host an Educational Summit in

2007 to begin a dialogue on the future of lighting

education.

• The fifth initiative is communication and

advocacy for high quality lighting in our commu-

nities. I will be asking the Board to take a leader-

ship role in creating a strategic alliance of lighting

organizations in North America to expand and

elevate the level of discussion and practice within

the lighting profession. The outcome of this will

be a top-level summit to discuss shared interests,

concerns and collaborate on how to raise the dis-

course on lighting. This joint effort will increase

awareness of lighting in the general public, edu-

cate tomorrow’s professionals and users, and put

a human face on the art and science of lighting.

I hope that you share in this vision and make

this the reality of our future. These five initiatives

are just a few of the many tactics within the new

strategic plan that the IESNA Board and commit-

tees will be working on in the upcoming years. I

invite all members to become familiar with the

plan and to become active participants in its

implementation.

Keeping You inFormed

I am committed to developing new and better

ways to conduct activities and to ensure effective

communication between the Board and members

in order to translate the strategic goals and initia-

tives in the strategic plan into actions and results.

In support of this, I will institute a new “Report to

the Membership” section on our website where

we will share progress on the strategic plan with

you, keep you informed of Board activities and

encourage you to share your thoughts and con-

cerns with us.

The IESNA is fortunate to have a 100-year his-

tory and to be in a position of strength. These are

exciting times for the IESNA. With your creativ-

ity, talent, knowledge and energy...the collective

spirit of the IESNA, we can make a difference!

KeVin J. FLYnn, AiA, ieSnA preSident

14 www.iesna.org

U P DAT E S

Philips Announces European Partnerships

Philips Lighting has formed

partnerships with two leading

European energy efficiency net-

works—Fedarene and Energie-

Cités—that will promote aware-

ness of the potential for energy

saving and resultant CO2 reduc-

tions by using new energy-efficient

lighting technologies in European

offices and street lighting.

The announcement comes as

new research by Philips revealed

more than 75 percent of Europe’s

office lighting is based on outdat-

ed fluorescent and energy-inef-

ficient lighting systems that do

not comply with the EU Quality

standards for offices. This at a

time when European leaders

are highlighting the importance

of energy efficiency and have

agreed to set year-on-year targets

for improvements in public sec-

tor energy performance through

the so called Energy Efficiency

Directive. This also coincides with

the implementation date of the

European Directive on Energy

Performance in Buildings aimed

at reducing energy consumption

and CO2 emissions from the EU’s

building stock, which currently

consumes 40 percent of Europe’s

total energy demand.

Industry Provides Relief for Hurricane-Hit High School

When Hurricane Rita struck on September 24th, cities like Houston and Galveston were

spared the brunt of the impact. The same couldn’t be said for Sabine Pass, TX, which for the

fifth time in its history sat directly in the path of a catastrophic storm. When the 20-ft storm

surge and 120 mph winds subsided, an estimated 90

percent of the town’s structures lay in ruins, including the

town’s K-12 Sabine Pass School, which lost its auditorium

and only venue for the performing arts. To make matters

worse, there was no insurance coverage for the damaged

facility.

Relief came from ABC’s Extreme Makeover: Home

Edition, After the Storm TV show, which selected Sabine

Pass to receive a renovation of its 300-seat theater,

along with new stage lighting equipment donated by

Electronic Theatre Controls, Inc. (ETC). To upgrade from

the 24 original dimmers to 106 dimmers, the Smart

Solutions lighting-gear package was specified. Fourteen,

six-channel and two, two-channel SmartBar devices pro-

vide the overhead distributed dimming of lights, while

three permanently wall-mounted SmartPack compact

dimmers power the remaining stage and house light-

ing circuits. The stage’s power-distribution equipment

includes outlet boxes containing a three-phase plug for

the SmartBars and a single phase for moving lights.

ETC also donated 32 Source Four ellipsoidal spot-

lights and 32 Source Four PARNel floodlights to form

the bulk of the traditional lighting layout. Strong

Electric, Inc. added two Canto 1200 Spotlights for the

intimate seating area. Clay Paky America contributed

special-effect lighting with four Stage Color 300 wash-

es and two Stage Color 300 spots.

Phot

o: Tr

ipp

Oliv

er

Nora Lighting has donated

lighting from its Nora Rail Collection

to Kitchen Renovations, a kitchen

makeover show that will air dur-

ing primetime this fall on the Do-It-

Yourself (DIY) Network. The 120-V

line-voltage system provides fixtures

that can accommodate GU10, Par

and Bi-pin lamps in line-voltage, as

well as an array of low-voltage fix-

tures that utilize MR16 and AR111

lamps, and now HID and fluorescent

fixtures that can all be used on the

same line-voltage system.

LD+AJuly2006 15

U P DAT E S

LEDs Light Show House More than 20 top interior designers debuted their trend-setting rooms at the 34th

Annual Kips Bay Decorator Show House, New York, NY. This year’s show house—a

20,000 sq ft Upper East Side Mansion—raises money for the Kips Bay Boys and Girls

Club, a non-profit organization that works to improve the lives of New York City’s chil-

dren by providing after school programs and activities.

Working closely with the designers, Philips integrated LED technology into many

rooms in the house to create an ambient experience that matched the designer’s moods

and desired effects. Some of the LED lighting methods used throughout the house

included wall-washing, color-changing options, layers of light highlighting select pieces

of furniture and a special, innovative moonlighting effect. Highlights include:

• “The Buonanotte” (Charles Pavarini, III Design Associates, Inc.), a velvet-and

damask-walled bedroom, which incorporated LEDs into the bed’s upholstered head-

board that gradually change color and set the mood. A rock crystal and amethyst

lamp also sits beneath a hand-painted celestial mural of zodiac signs in the bay

window area.

• “Room with a View” (Susan K. Gutfreund, Inc.) is a unique windowless space that

takes three wooden boxes to simulate double doors, framed with curtains and LEDs

to evenly distribute the light. One wall showcases a trompe l’oeil scene of a forest in

varying shades of pink and modern meets antique with bamboo blinds set against

hand-woven Indian silk from Shyam Ahuja, and a brand-new Ambilight plasma TV

perched on top of an 18th Century mantle.

• More than 50 Philips Aurelle LED Candles were used in one of the mansion’s

many fireplaces to provide a warm glow with the flicker of real candles, only without

the flame, to demonstrate how LEDs can change the feeling and mood of a room.

Nuckolls Fund 2006 Grants Total $45,000The Nuckolls Fund for Lighting Education presented $45,000 in grants during its luncheon at LIGHTFAIR. Ball State University,

located in Muncie, IN, received a $20,000 grant to develop a graduate-level required course in the College of Architecture and

Planning’s Sustainability Concentration. The course, entitled “Daylectric Lighting,” will emphasize innovative approaches to

combining electric and daylight sources in the illumination of building interiors. It will be offered as one of five required courses

in the graduate concentration focusing on sustainable design in architecture.

The University of Washington, Seattle, will use its $20,000 grant to develop and deliver a new lighting course entitled

“Computational Lighting Design and Analysis.” To be offered through the Department of Architecture, the graduate-level course

will draw from recent developments in lighting simulation, visualization, pre-pixel data measurement and analysis techniques.

The $5000 Jonas Bellovin Scholar Achievement Award (presented this year for the fourth time) went to Megan Gover, a junior

in the interior design program at Texas Christian University. The Bellovin Award rotates among the six U.S. colleges that offer a

full lighting education program. Students are nominated by their faculty.

The speaker for this year’s luncheon was Paul Gregory of Focus Lighting who discussed the role of the IALD Education Trust and

its work with schools of architecture. Now in its 17th year, the Nuckolls Fund was established in memory of the lighting designer and

educator Jim Nuckolls. With this year’s grants, the Fund has made a total of $445,000 in awards drawn from the income generated

by an endowment.

The Buonanotte

Room with a View

16 www.iesna.org

U P DAT E S

NEMA Website to Support Lighting Tax Deduction

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association’s (NEMA) Lighting Systems

Division has launched a new website for owners, specifiers, installers and sellers

of lighting systems. The new website (lightingtaxdeduction.org) will provide com-

prehensive education and implementation information about lighting upgrades

covered by the commercial buildings tax deduction provision of the Energy Policy

Act of 2005 (EPAct).

The site contains a wide range of frequently asked questions, process maps

detailing compliance with ASHRAE-IESNA Standard 90.1-2001 and examples of

projects that demonstrate how target reductions in lighting power can be achieved.

It also provides descriptions of popular energy-efficient lighting strategies and tech-

nologies and links to research studies.

Color Kinetics and Martin Professional Sign Licensing Agreement

Color Kinetics Inc. and Martin Professional announced that Martin will

license Color Kinetics’ patent portfolio. Through the agreement, Martin will

have access to Color Kinetics’ worldwide patent portfolio to develop and

market its first line of multicolor LED-based lighting systems. Martin’s line of

LED-based systems is scheduled for release in conjunction with the PLASA

tradeshow in London this September.

LCA Offers Online Education

The Lighting Controls Association

(LCA) has published Education

Express, a free online program that

provides in-depth education about

lighting controls and controllable bal-

last technology, application, system

design and commissioning.

Education Express consists of three

courses. EE101: Introduction to Lighting

Control, EE102: Switching Control and

EE103: Fluorescent Dimming. Soon,

advanced-level courses, such as EE201:

Daylight Harvesting, will be added

later this year. Each course consists of

learning modules that conclude with

an optional online comprehension test

that is automatically graded.

After users register, they can access

any of these learning modules, see

what modules they’ve taken, what

tests they’ve passed and can down-

load certificates of completion that

confirm education credit.

Education Express provides hundreds

of illustrated pages of information about

all major aspects of selecting, designing

and commissioning a lighting control

system-from occupancy sensors to con-

trol panels to dimming systems. The

program’s learning modules are cur-

rently accredited by the Association of

Energy Engineers (AEE) for its Certified

Lighting Efficiency Professional (CLEP)

certification program. The courses are

currently in an application process to

receive accreditation by other organiza-

tions. For more information go to www.

aboutlightingcontrols.org

Fiberoptic lighting enabled the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to create a dra-

matic view of earth from its escalators. A total of 9641 individual fibers outline

continents, highlight oceans and connect certain cities. The display is powered

by four halogen light sources—each with one 50-W lamp.

A Global Message

On Energy Awareness

Day, I attended a

Building Owners and

Managers (BOMA) semi­

nar whose main topics were the soar­

ing cost of fuels, the great difficulty

coming up with energy cost budgets

and what can be done to lower those

costs.

Commercial electric bills have

two parts: the kilowatt peak demand,

called “demand charge,” and total

kilowatt hours used, the “usage

charge.” When demand for electricity

approaches the capacity limit of the

system, utilities apply for permission

to impose higher demand charges.

When fuel costs increase, utilities may

add a “fuel adjustment surcharge.”

The demand charge for office build­

ings ranges between 20 to 30 percent

of the total electric bill. In occupancies

with relatively few hours of annual

use, like schools, the demand charge

may be 60 percent of the total cost.

Demand for electricity is predicted to

rise 40 percent over the next 20 years.

Shaving peak demand saves

energy and cost and provides a

cushion of increased capacity for a

utility and avoids rate increases in

demand charge for all users. One

way to save on electric demand is

with building automation systems

(BAS) programmed to set point lim­

its. Unfortunately, many BAS function

only as expensive time clocks.

The “usage charge” rate decreases

in steps, the more energy you use.

Many owners buy electricity for the

entire building and charge their ten­

ants a proportional amount for their

space. If the charge for electricity is

part of a “rent inclusion” lease it has

to be estimated or measured with a

sub­meter. Some tenants are directly

metered by the utility at a higher rate

than the owner pays when having the

entire building on one meter.

Owners feel they’re profiting when

“re­selling” electricity to tenants, this

may be an illusion. The owner has to

pay for the common areas, but often

receives less revenue for the tenants’

electricity than the amount paid to

the utility. Meters get less accurate

as they age, some tenants’ wiring

is unknowingly(?) connected to the

landlord’s meter, while some tenants

illegally bypass meters. This “slip­

page” can amount to over 10 percent

of the bill. Many building owners

and managers don’t have an accurate

picture of what’s going on in their

own buildings. And you can’t manage

what you don’t measure.

There are ways of reducing slip­

page, usage and demand, but it all

starts with an audit of the space. A

building’s lighting may be its larg­

est load, or a close second to the

mechanical load, and is always on

during the expensive peak demand

period. Reducing lighting load is

critical to the ability to cut costs, but

many building owners and manag­

ers don’t have a load profile and

will not cooperate with the lighting

energy conservation measures of

their tenants. The demand charge

is a system capacity response, the

lower the peak load, the lower the

rate for all users. In this day of energy

awareness, building owners should

offer an energy audit for all tenants

and cooperate in energy conserva­

tion measures, even when the tenant

is directly metered by the utility.

BASic StepS

A BAS can set a limit on the peak

demand and keep optional loads

from causing it to go over the top.

To reduce the lighting bill, “vacancy”

sensors can shut off lighting when

there’s no one in occupancy, except in

paths of egress. Bi­level lighting can

be used in intermittently used spaces

like stairways and corridors to reduce

the lighting to safety levels of one to

two footcandles when unoccupied,

and then to 10 fc automatically, when

someone enters the stairway. This is

a requirement of the NFPA Life Safety

101 Code. When corridors are occu­

pied, a higher lighting level is required

than in stairways, but when unoc­

cupied, 10 fc will suffice. When fluo­

rescent dimming ballasts are reduced

in cost, the transition from high to

low levels of light, especially when

daylight harvesting is employed, can

be seamless and inexpensive.

T12 lamps and magnetic ballasts are

huge energy wasters. Converting to T8

lamps and electronic ballasts will save

40 percent of the usage and demand

charge. First generation T8 lamps and

electronic ballasts can be retrofitted

with premium T8 lamps and electronic

ballasts saving at least 20 percent in

18 www.iesna.org

a d v i s o re n e r g yBy WillArd l. WArren

18 www.iesna.org

Unfortunately, many BAS

function only as expensive time

clocks

energy. Magnetic ballasts with PCBs

ceased being made in 1978 but were

shipped from inventory until 1980. PCB

ballasts over 25 years old are reaching

end of life and a failed and leaking PCB

ballast is an environmental nightmare,

costing thousands of dollars to clean

up to meet EPA standards.

Recessed and pendent luminaires

with highly reflective interiors are now

available with efficiencies approaching

90 percent. There are ceiling tiles on

the market that are 90 percent reflec­

tive. Retrofitting with high efficacy (lm

per watt) lamps and ballasts, plus more

efficient luminaires and lighter room

finishes can reduce the lighting load

over 50 percent, allowing for payback

in less than three years. And there

are incentive rebates available in many

areas plus federal tax credits written

into the EPAct 2005 legislation.

If building owners and managers

were more proactive in encouraging

tenants to adopt energy conserving

measures, they would be better able

to control their costs and budgets and

add benefits to their tenants and the

environment. Utilities are seeking more

sources of revenue and so can land­

lords, by saving energy. It’s about time

that owners started thinking “green.”

Willard L. Warren, PE, LC,

Fellow IESNA, is the prin-

cipal of Willard L. Warren

Associates, a consulting

firm serving industry, government

and utility clients in lighting and

energy conservation.

There is a big fad in 21st centu­

ry computing called “blogging.” A

“blog” is a shortened way of saying

“WeB log.” (Computer people stream­

line everything, including text.) A blog

is an electronic collection of informa­

tion that is easily accessible through a

person or company’s website. It can

be comprised of many things—an

electronic journal, a bulletin board of

news events, a photo essay or even

a documentation of project updates.

These sites are a method for commu­

nicating ideas and information to the

public domain via the Internet.

I personally don’t use blogs. As I

mentioned in my March 2006 article,

I’m suffering from electronic infor­

mation overload and don’t have the

time or the energy to put together

and maintain a blog site, but some

people love communicating through

blogs. According to an Associated

Press report in May 2006, the blog site

“MySpace.com” rose to become the

second busiest website, with nearly 80

million users over the past year. News

regarding blog usage has been grow­

ing in the media, including a major

crime being solved when the detec­

tives used information that was posted

on the criminal’s website. However,

even with all the popularity of blog­

ging, there’s much controversy sur­

rounding these communication sites.

In early 2005, when I had consid­

ered pursuing teaching lighting and

computer visualization, I discovered

a series of articles and electronic

bulletin board postings through The

Chronicle (a publication for the high­

er­education academia profession)

about the pros and cons of blogs. Job

applicants were frustrated by review

committees who used information

on applicants’ blog sites to influence

their hiring decision. People on these

review committees commented that

applicants’ blog sites, as well as any­

thing else on the Internet, were fair

game because the information was

in the public domain—just as was

the ability to “Google” information

about an applicant.

In this day and age where investi­

gating people and events is as sim­

ple as clicking a button, we must

remember that anything posted on

the Internet can never be construed

as private. Employers now have the

ability to learn more about an appli­

cant than in previous decades when

they could only base their decision on

what was presented to them through

the candidate’s resume or interview.

Most employers take advantage of

that opportunity, which is why I rec­

ommend that users be very cautious

of what is posted to a website, elec­

tronic bulletin board or blog site.

liGHt BlOGS

I don’t want to give the impression

that all blog usage is bad. Blogs can

be beneficial to the lighting industry

if considerable thought goes into how

What’s Brewing in the Blogosphere? By emlyn AltmAn

D I G I TA L D I A LO G U E

LD+AJune2006 19

they are created and used. If the blog

is written like a journal of experi­

ences in the workplace, it could serve

as a useful tool to present experi­

ences throughout the design process

beyond the traditional methods that

students receive in the classroom.

Young lighting designers or students

may also use past entries by other

designers as an educational tool.

Design firms could also use blogs as

a benchmarking tool to review how a

problem may have been solved suc­

cessfully or to see what techniques

might have failed during the light­

ing design process. Just by doing

a Google search of “lighting blog,”

one can find thousands of different

blog sites such as www.ipnlighting.

com/blog; www.residential-landscape-

lighting-design.com/blogger.html; and

www.starrynightlights.com/blog.

To give an idea of how these blogs

could be educational, let’s take a

look at some excerpts from a hypo­

thetical blog using my own experi­

ences...if I had ever taken the time to

document them in this manner. (The

experiences are true even though the

dates are made up.)

June 8, 1999 ­ (Punch list day 2)

I was just finishing up my punch-

list of this 500,000-sq ft corporate

project and I couldn’t believe my

eyes. They used red electrical tape to

“fake” the directional arrows on the

edge-lit exit signs. Are they kidding

me?!?!? I know the client is anxious

to move into the building but the

least the contractor could have done

was order the correct number of

directional exit signs. Now I have

to start all over again and see how

many more I find. Looks like this is

going to be a three-day endeavor.

March 13, 2000 ­ If I hear another

mechanical engineer tell me that

they won’t shift their ductwork lay-

out because they got there first, I’m

going to scream!

May 30, 2001 ­ I saw a very interest-

ing lighting solution that won an IIDA

award. The designers lit the exte-

rior of a building with two different

color temperature lamps—cool metal

halides along the building façade with

warm high-pressure sodium lamps

uplighting the front of the columns. It

really added dimension to the archi-

tecture. I must remember this tech-

nique for future exterior projects.

November 7, 2003 ­ I went to the

job site this afternoon to check on the

installation of the luminaires. Saw a

basket from the indirect/direct 2x2ft

lying on a sawhorse surrounded by

the rest of the contractors’ junk. They

already left for the day but I must

remember to point it out to them

tomorrow. Very sloppy. With all of their

tools and other items lying around it,

I can predict that something will drop

onto the diffusing lens and it will get

damaged.

September 21, 2004 ­ Triumph!!!

Not only weren’t the LED color chang-

ing lights VE’d out of the project, the

client liked them so much that she

asked if we could use them in anoth-

er waiting area too. Thank goodness

for live sample demonstrations. It’s

the best way to convey the design

intent so that the client understands

my vision.

October 7, 2005 ­ Went to survey

existing conditions of a hotel built

in the ‘70s for a renovation project.

What were they thinking!?!?! It’s bad

enough that they used tiny cube-cell

louvers everywhere but I’d love to

meet the engineer that thought it

was okay to stick the sprinkler head

through the luminaire.

January 10, 2006 ­ Happy Centennial

Anniversary IESNA!

February 18, 2006 ­ Mental note for

the future, even though I specifically

stated on the RCP that all compact

fluorescents on the expansion project

were to be 3000K and wrote to the

engineer TWICE that we needed to

indicate in their spec that all compact

fluorescent lamps were to be 3000K, I

must remember to check that he actu-

ally documents that information on

his electrical drawings. This time the

contractor did not install the correct

color temperature lamps and he didn’t

see the note on the RCP saying that

they ordered the lamps based solely

on what was shown on the engineer’s

drawings. Very frustrating.

BlOGGerS BeWAre

Remember that anyone can create

Job applicants were frustrated by review committees who used

information on applicants’ blog sites to influence their hiring decision

D I G I TA L D I A LO G U E

20 www.iesna.org

a blog and the information is only as

accurate as the person who wrote it.

I’ve seen very reputable newspapers

publish lighting information for the

layman that was so oversimplified it

bordered on inaccurate. I’m sure that

novice bloggers may upload inac­

curate information as well. You must

understand the source of the blog

before relying on its accuracy.

Also, remember that anything pre­

sented in a blog, or any other Internet

site, can be accessed by anyone

in cyberspace. In some ways this

medium is beneficial but if you’re

not careful, it could have negative

consequences. If you create a blog,

be very cautious about the informa­

tion you present in it. Do not write

anything you may regret at a later

point. Even if you eventually take

the information off of the Internet,

there may be a hidden cache floating

around that can come back to haunt

you. Potential employers, clients and

even competitors can find this infor­

mation and use it against you or

your company. Blog wisely and you

should be safe.

Emlyn Altman, LC, exer-

cises her dual specializa-

tions in cutting edge light-

ing design technology

as director of lighting design and

visualization at the Washington, DC,

office of architecture/design firm

ForrestPerkins. Ms. Altman is also

currently serving her second term

as IESNA Capital Section president.

She was recently named to Building

Design & Construction magazine’s

list of “40 Under 40.” To send com-

ments about this column or ques-

tions regarding the use of computers

in lighting design, email Ms. Altman

at D_D@EAVisualization.com.

+ make your voice heard!

Join an IESNA committee:Fax: 212­248­5017

D I G I TA L D I A LO G U E

LD+AJune2006 21

Las Vegas has been a reg-

ular part of my life for

the past 20 odd years.

My earliest sojourns were

through the aegis of the annual

Consumer Electronics Show (CES).

Now, with the addition of Info COM

and LIGHTFAIR, all of which are rel-

evant to the work done in my studio,

Vegas has become something of a

yearly pilgrimage.

In the early ‘80s Caesars Palace

was the only Mega Hotel on the

strip; no MGM Grand, Bellagio,

Treasure Island, Luxor or Excalibur.

The Mirage (with claims of being the

world’s largest hotel) was then under

construction and many considered it

a dubious venture at best. Casinos

attracted patrons with extravagant

free buffets and all of the free liquor

a gambler chose to consume.

The city was awash in light, not

the light from giant video screens or

LED fixtures, but enormous, glori-

ous, tacky constructions of neon part-

nered with endless arrays of incan-

descent lamps. Vegas was not the

place for viewing sophisticated fades,

subtly color washed facades, gradual

color transitions or choreographed

light shows, rather, it was a universe

of lighting kitsch; endlessly strobing,

blinking and chasing, a mind numb-

ing electromechanical tour de force of

switches, relays and timers not unlike

some mammoth front yard Christmas

lighting display.

The Las Vegas of old had a lighting

style that, if compared to the cur-

rent vogue in architectural lighting,

would be analogous to contrasting

a Liberace or Wayne Newton show

with the performances of Cirque De

Soleil. On one side of the compari-

son, kitsch so grandly staged that

it becomes artistic on the merit of

scale alone, on the other, tossing

out the kitsch in favor of spectacle

and finesse. Las Vegas has a visual

language that evolves and it is in this

manner that Las Vegas is of such

fundamental importance to those

of us involved with the lighting arts;

it has become a cornerstone of our

visual landscape, experienced by,

and emblazoned upon the minds of

countless millions of people.

The economic success of this

locale’s visual environment at once

raises the bar in terms of the public’s

expectations, feeds their appetite for

visual experience and simultaneously

writes the permission slip for design-

ers and artists to engage our creative

energies in very indulgent ways.

The influence of this visually opu-

lent language has been gradually

finding its way into hotel lobbies,

restaurants, airports, museums and

houses of worship; it has forever

changed the public’s perception of

the built environment. Even while I

appreciate the ongoing evolution of

the Las Vegas visual style and am

distinctly aware of its influence, I feel

a profound sense of loss when I visit,

as if something is missing.

OLD DAYS

On my first trip to Vegas I was

immediately stunned with a landscape

that was literally crafted from light. Not

only the quantity of light but the stun-

ning amount of detail in movement,

color and most importantly, in the

way these effects permeated the entire

environment. There was nothing else

in the visual lexicon to compare the

experience with, and most important-

ly, the effect was only present at night;

during the daylight hours the place

looked like a dump. Las Vegas, unlike

any other city was not only aestheti-

cally transformed by light, lighting in

many ways created its presence. As

22 www.iesna.org22 www.iesna.org

I L L U M I N A T I O Na r t +BY PAUL DEEB

The Vegas of old utilized fancifully tacky displays of light to draw patrons

into relatively normal structures.

A R T + I L L U M I N AT I O N

LD+AJuly2006 23

ridiculous as it may seem to suggest,

this visceral transformation largely

wrought of lighting is exactly what

now seems to be missing.

As Las Vegas has become a cor-

nerstone of the visual and lighting

vocabulary, the rest of the world has

been catching up. Every major city

now has restaurants, hotel lobbies,

retail stores and other public spaces

that not only incorporate the new

language of lighting pioneered in

Las Vegas, but also improve upon it.

While the lighting of the various

hotels, casinos and attractions was in

its day obscenely over the top, trans-

forming the city itself into a wacky

piece of art, it is now, comparatively,

becoming somewhat tame. When

you replicate a medieval castle, the

Statue of Liberty or the Eiffel tower

in the middle of the desert, the light-

ing would have to knock you down

with awe in the middle of the street

just to keep pace.

NOT SO NUTTY

The Vegas of old utilized fancifully

tacky displays of light to draw patrons

into relatively normal structures. The

new style emphasizes architecture;

the construction itself is now the

monument to grand whimsy and in

precisely the ways of old, artistic by

scale alone. While the lighting cer-

tainly incorporates scale, the latest

in modern technology and shades

of extravagance, it seems to lack the

nutty, wild abandon formerly the

city’s chief calling card.

While the lit façade of the

Flamingo Hilton was once the image

of Las Vegas eidetically branded into

the minds of many, the pyramid of

Luxor, the castle of Excalibur, has

now superceded it. I feel Las Vegas

has lost its best signature, and we

as designers have lost a venue that

demonstrated not only the realm

of creativity but also that of artistic

transformation.

This very idea of transition from a

visual vocabulary based on light to

one of concrete is key. In a theatri-

cal sense architecture provides the

stage; it is lighting, however, that

provides the experience. Las Vegas,

once a destination that had created

through lighting its own aesthetic

reality, is now becoming a collection

of reality, transplants. Take a monu-

ment, a pyramid or an Italian villa,

put it through some type of Star Trek

device to alter the scale then deposit

it ready made on the strip. Instead

of a scale model of the Statue of

Liberty, why not a version that could

only exist in Las Vegas; perhaps one

with changing facial expressions,

one that winks.

In all likelihood the culprit is bud-

getary. Kitschy architecture or light-

ing on the scale of these new hotels

is expensive. Perhaps when building

the next mega hotel the owners of

the project will consider something

that truly stands out, a return, at

least in spirit, to the ecstatically lumi-

nous Vegas of old.

At the end of the strip stands

the Stratosphere hotel/casino. A

revolving restaurant tops the tower

that serves mediocre food but good

champagne. I like to arrive an hour

or so before sunset and face the

desert as the sun falls behind the

mountains. The desert sunset is truly

remarkable, and as the view rotates

toward the strip, darkness falls and

the lights come on. As I look down

at the myriad of tiny lights, it once

again strikes me not as the theme

park that it is becoming but as a big,

wacky work of art.

Paul A. Deeb, principal of

Vox Environmental Arts,

Baltimore, MD, has designed

numerous sound and light-

ing installations throughout the

Middle Atlantic region. Vox employs

architects, industrial designers and

lighting designers. With the recent

addition of a metal working and wood

working facility, it now manufactures

custom lighting and acoustical fix-

tures. Mr. Deeb received a 2005 IIDA

Award of Merit for event lighting of

the Miami World Trade Center.

Las Vegas, once a destination

that had created through lighting its own aesthetic

reality, is now becoming a collection of

reality transplants

R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S

24 www.iesna.org

Although the majority of out-

door and roadway lighting in North

America currently uses high pres-

sure sodium (HPS) lamps with their

characteristic “yellowish” light out-

put, the past two decades have wit-

nessed a growth in the proportion of

metal halide (MH) lamps, producing

“white” light, used outdoors. There’s

no doubt that HPS and MH are pres-

ently the two top contenders for the

outdoor throne. Nonetheless, other

light source choices are available for

outdoor lighting, in particular, fluores-

cent lamps1 and more recently, light

emitting diodes (LEDs).2 Interestingly,

however, these other options seem to

be mainly amplifying the chorus tout-

ing white light as the “white knight”

of outdoor lighting.

There are a number of reasons for

the recent increase in popularity of

white light, not the least of which is the

fact that lamps such as MH have lately

received the lion’s share of the outdoor

lighting “press” in our industry’s trade

literature.3 Indeed, some would sug-

gest that standards and regulations

should be changed to favor white light

in outdoor applications. In this column,

we’ll explore some of the technical

arguments that have been put forth

regarding white light, and discuss

whether these arguments might war-

rant a change in the way we light our

exterior environments.

ENTERING THE MAINSTREAM?

By now, most readers of LD+A are

familiar with the idea that at low, so-

called mesopic light levels, the abil-

ity to detect things using peripheral

vision is not predicted very well by

the readings from our light meters.

The idea that a white light source

could result in improved peripheral

vision over a yellowish one, even if

the light meter says they’re equiva-

lent, seemed a bit “out there” a

decade ago. But after the publica-

tion of dozens of laboratory and field

studies consistently verifying these

effects,4 the idea now seems almost

mainstream. The IESNA has a com-

mittee, on which I am privileged

to serve, that is deliberating on a

technical report that would, if it is

approved, document this evidence

formally for consideration by appli-

cation committees and interested

lighting practitioners.

Building upon the growing, and

global, body of research results that

have been issued, my colleagues at

the Lighting Research Center (LRC)

and I have developed a system of

photometry to quantify light levels

under different spectra (colors) at

low light levels.5 This system could

serve as a bridge to link the two

current systems of photometry,

which now consist of quantities

either based loosely on vision using

the cone photoreceptors (photopic

vision), or based upon vision using

the rod photoreceptors (scotopic

vision). All of our light quantities

like lumens, candelas, or lux can be

defined in terms of one of these two

systems.6 Photopic quantities are

mainly applicable at high, daytime

and indoor light levels. Scotopic

quantities, which are hardly if ever

used outside of the vision science

community, are applicable to light

levels that are very low.

MESOPIC PHOTOMETRY:

UNITER OR DIVIDER?

At some light levels found in a few

IESNA recommendations,6 both the

rods and cones contribute to vision,

but there is no formal definition of

light under these mesopic conditions.

What we did was to provide a frame-

work to unify photopic and scoto-

pic photometry across the mesopic

region, based on the observation

that the peripheral visual system’s

functioning could be predicted rea-

sonably well by a linear combination

of photopic and scotopic spectral

sensitivity.5

White light sources such as MH, as

well as fluorescent and LED sources,

tend to have relatively greater rod-

stimulating output for the same

(photopic) light level than yellower

sources such as HPS. This effect

can be quantified in terms of a lamp

spectrum’s scotopic/photopic (S/P)

ratio.7 Since whiter sources are often

those with higher S/P ratios, does

this mean that the system of uni-

fied photometry5 could be used as

a basis for recommending outdoor

light levels? Could we light roads

and parking lots to lower (photopic)

light levels, thereby reducing light

pollution and energy use, while at

the same time maintaining or even

improving visibility? There is cer-

tainly a great deal of controversy and

Is White Light a White Knight?

24 www.iesna.org

BY JOHN D. BUllOUGH

R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S

LD+AJuly2006 25

debate surrounding these questions.

But in some cases, the answer might

well be “yes.”

For example, my LRC colleagues

recently undertook a study that

involved switching the conventional

HPS lighting on a residential street

in a New England town to white

light using fluorescent lamps.1 The

resulting (photopic) light levels were

reduced but the unified luminances

remained the same. The electrical

energy use was reduced by roughly

30 percent. Reactions by the resi-

dents on this street were positive

regarding their ability to see along

the roadway, despite the unique

appearance of fluorescent lumi-

naires on their street, something

that’s not an everyday sight in most

neighborhoods!

Now, not every roadway or out-

door lighting installation would nec-

essarily benefit from a switch to

white light based on unified photom-

etry. The residential street studied

by my colleagues1 is one where the

driving task is probably conducted

at relatively low speeds. Visibility

for driving in this situation might

be adequately provided by vehicle

headlamps, and the street lighting

in this case might serve more to

illuminate areas adjacent to, but not

directly on, the roadway. Such areas

might contain neighbors walking

during the evening, and certainly

these individuals would benefit from

improved peripheral visibility of driv-

ers predicted by lighting quantities

based on unified photometry.

Again, I am not arguing that using

white light based on unified pho-

tometry is the answer to all out-

door lighting questions. There are

likely many situations, especially

when on-axis visibility is of utmost

importance, where HPS lighting

would, and should, remain a viable

choice for outdoor and roadway

lighting. One example is a highway

rest area that was evaluated by the

LRC through the Demonstration and

Evaluation of Lighting Technologies

and Applications (DELTA) program.8

This outdoor installation used HPS

in an attractive, comfortable and

R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S

26 www.iesna.org

energy-efficient manner, with result-

ing good visibility and low glare. I

don’t think anyone would argue that

the use of HPS in that installation

was anything but a success.

What the promising results from

my coworkers1 show us, for some

applications, is that even with reduc-

tions in light level and energy use,

the use of white light could lead to

lighting that is perceived as just as

good, or even better, than conven-

tional lighting (and at the same time,

could help to reduce light pollution).

A RESPONSIBIlITY TO TRY?

The IESNA and the lighting com-

munity as a whole should not be

paralyzed by the ongoing healthy

debate about if and how unified pho-

tometry, or a concept like it, could be

implemented into practice. Indeed,

a consortium of researchers and

national laboratories in Europe has

undertaken research to develop a

mesopic photometry system that is

identical in framework to the one

developed by my colleagues and

me, and with only minor differences

in the actual numbers used.9 I see

that international effort as an oppor-

tunity to show that the LRC’s basic

approach to unifying photopic and

scotopic photometry can be vali-

dated and eventually embraced by a

diverse lighting community.

Some lighting specifiers have

taken these ideas to heart and

begun implementing them in their

designs for outdoor lighting. Will

every example be a resounding suc-

cess? I don’t think anyone expects so.

But such examples can show when

using white light sources based on a

unified system of photometry might

serve as a reasonable approach to

outdoor lighting design, and just as

importantly, when it might not. After

all, why change lighting practice

unless there are practical and tan-

gible benefits to doing so? Specifiers

who have tried approaches such as

these should be encouraged to eval-

uate, and document, their designs.

However, as someone who has

been lucky enough to participate in

some of the research in this area, I

really do think that the lighting com-

munity is on to something with this

trend toward white light. No, it’s

not a panacea, and yes, we have

a lot of work to do before we will

understand enough to know exactly

when and where to use it. But there

already is mounting evidence that

white light sources in some outdoor

applications, such as residential

streets, could yield tangible benefits.

If this evidence isn’t incorporated

in some way into lighting practice,

won’t that be a lost opportunity for

our profession?

REfERENCES

1. Akashi Y, Morante P, Rea MS.

2005. An energy-efficient street

lighting demonstration based upon

the unified system of photometry.

Proc. CIE Symp. on Ltg. in Mesopic

Cond., Leon, Spain, p. 38.

2. Shakir I, Narendran N. 2002.

Evaluating white LEDs for outdoor

lighting applications. Proc. SPIE, No.

4776, p. 162.

3. Rea MS, Bullough JD. 2004. In

defense of LPS. LD+A 34(9): 51.

4. Bullough JD, Rea MS. 2004.

Visual performance under meso-

pic conditions: Consequences for

roadway lighting. Transp. Res. Rec.

(1862): 89.

5. Rea MS, Bullough JD, Freyssinier

JP, Bierman A. 2004. A proposed uni-

fied system of photometry. Light.

Res. Tech. 36(2): 85.

6. Rea MS (ed.). 2000. IESNA

Lighting Handbook, 9th ed. New

York: IESNA.

7. Berman SM. 1992. Energy effi-

ciency consequences of scotopic sen-

sitivity. J. Illum. Eng. Soc. 21(1): 3.

8. Vasconez S, Brons J. 2001. DELTA

Portfolio: Clifton Park Rest Area. Troy,

NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

9. Halonen L, Eloholma M. 2005.

Development of mesopic photom-

etry based on new findings on visual

performance. Proc. CIE Symp. on Ltg.

in Mesopic Cond., Leon, Spain, p. 1.

John D. Bullough, Fellow

IESNA, is a lighting scientist

and adjunct assistant profes-

sor at the Lighting Research

Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

But there already is mounting evidence that white light sources in some outdoor applications, such as residential streets,

could yield tangible benefits

LD+A July 2006 29

TOO

LS + T

EC

HN

IQU

ES

Visual Wine Cellar Gets a Stellar MakeoverAlto restaurant, located in New York’s Rockefeller Center, is known for its Northern Italian cuisine, but the

real draw is the establishment’s selection of over 700 different wines.

The interior—designed by restaurant partner Vicente Wolf—includes a split-level dining plan that consists

of an 80-seat main dining room downstairs, a mezzanine above and enclosed clear glass wine racks, which

showcase thousands of bottles that rise to the ceiling and extend along the southern, western and northern

walls. Designers hoped to emphasize the

wine racks by installing a high-bright-

ness, seamless wash of color-chang-

ing light consistent in intensity across

the entire 15-ft height of the frosted

Plexiglas panels. “It was obvious that we

needed to utilize a linear LED fixture for

intensity, color change, facility of instal-

lation, low heat and low maintenance,”

said Adrienne Jaret, project manager,

Drama Lighting.

For the installation, 54 Light Wave

Bars (from Illumivision), each with 12,

3-W LEDs, were mounted in a one-ft

extrusion and three, 600-W power sup-

plies. Utilizing the narrow beam spread

increased the capacity for high-intensity

light to be placed over the entire dis-

tance, and mounting the fixtures 24 in.

below the panels increased the beam

width and created the desired effect with

a minimal number of fixtures.

The power supplies as well as the

DMX control unit were mounted along

the structural base of the walls in the

same cavity as the fixtures behind the seating. “The low-heat output of both the LED fixtures and the power

supplies enabled us to mount the fixtures in an enclosed location, without any concerns for the patrons who

would be using the seating,” said Jaret.

John-Michael Kobes

The Project: Alto Restaurant, New York, NY

The Challenge: Illuminate concealed wine racks, while adding ambiance to the décor

The Solution: Linear LED lighting

30 www.iesna.org

TOO

LS +

TE

CH

NIQ

UE

S West Expansion Looks North and South When the time came for the Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco, CA, to expand its West

Conference Center, ownership looked to avoid duplicating the complex and problematic dual lighting and

control system (one for exhibition lighting and one for meeting room configuration) found in the North and

South structures.

The meeting room consisted of 1500 downlights with 1000-W quartz lamps that had to be individually

dimmed and also had separate home-run wiring of over 3000 conductors to the centralized dimming system.

A separate lighting system was also used in the same spaces for exhibit lighting consisting of approximately

1500 high-bay luminaires with 320-W metal halide lamps.

The West Conference Center building features open exhibit space on the floor level, while the upper two

floors are conference room swing spaces. Incandescent lamps were no longer an option, due in part to

California Title 24’s lighting density requirements, and high-bay metal-halide fixtures were not possible as the

lighting system had to be dimmable. In order to provide an energy efficient system, while maintaining good

color rendition, and having quick-response emergency lighting, designers selected a multi-lamp, recessed

fluorescent fixture that uses eight compact fluorescent lamps with four, two-lamp ballasts (from Sport Lite).

Controlling the new system was the MicroPanel (from LC&D), a compact, networked lighting controller that

integrates manual control, occupant sensors, daylight harvesting, time-based controls and building automa-

tion. “Because dimming for the entire facility proved to be too costly, we provided a stepped dimming process

for the first three sets of lamps, and continuous dimming ballast for the last set of lamps in each fixture,” said

Kristina Martin, an electrical engineer and lighting designer with The Engineering Enterprise, Alameda, CA.

One MicroPanel was mounted on every (four ballast, eight lamp) fixture. This allowed individual control of

each ballast, and reduced line-voltage home-run wiring by 97 percent during construction when compared to

conventional switching and dimming systems.

Over 1600 fixtures are now individually controlled, giving three switched and one dimmed output, and the

setup time for lighting configurations was greatly reduced and can be saved to memory.

John-Michael Kobes

Photos: John Louie

The Project: The Moscone Convention Center West Expansion, San Francisco, CA

The Challenge: Design a single lighting system that met the functionality of the dual system in the older

(North and South) phases

The Solution: Fluorescent lighting and a digital lighting control system

I IDA PROJECT

32 www.iesna.org

I IDA PROJECT

LD+AJuly2006 33

Performing arts centers, museums, street­

scapes—all symbols of urban renewal in

downtrodden cities. But a self­storage fa­

cility? That was the unlikely scenario in the High­

land Crest neighborhood of Topeka, KS, which had

been in decline ever since the Forbes Air Force base

closed over 20 years ago. Loss of individual home­

ownership, poor quality buildings and a fractured

community spirit all contributed to a downturn in

the region.

A feasibility study indicated that replacing existing

dilapidated retail shops with a new shopping center

would not be cost­effective. Construction costs and

market lease rates in the neighborhood could not sup­

port new retail. Instead, owner Botwin Family Partners

converted an obsolete strip mall into the FLEXSystems

self­storage facility, in the hopes of creating a catalyst

for other commercial development.

And who’s to say that self­storage can’t be beauti­

ful? Through careful composition and planning, the

use of standardized, “off­the­shelf” and durable in­

dustrial materials set the tone for the architectural

direction of FLEXsystems. The design had to meet

prescribed financial models within the self­storage

industry, but as long as the basic square foot to cost

criteria was met (the construction budget was $60 per

sq ft), the design team (el dorado architects; lighting

designer Derek Porter Studio; and landscape consul­

tant Off the Grid) was free to define the outcome.

A combination of primary colors and glowing

translucent polycarbonate panels articulate the ex­

terior of the building and boldly redefine the typical

definition of a self­storage unit. Key to the design

was integrating lighting hardware into the modular

building system. In addition to the pragmatics of il­

luminating space, the lighting design reveals more

subtle relationships in the architecture, emphasiz­

ing graphic pattern, unique material use and rela­

tionships between interior and exterior.

FAÇADE AND GARAGE DOORS

Borrowed light between interior and exterior dur­

ing both day and night helps to soften and humanize

scale in this 24,000 sq ft industrial structure. Brightly

colored garage doors that demarcate each storage unit

from the outside are lighted graphically by surface­

mounted fluorescent luminaires. The luminaires,

located in niches above each garage door, simultane­

Self-Improvement

A self-storage facility has become a symbol of community pride and renewal in a rundown area of Topeka, KS

‘The large clerestory was metaphorically viewed as a lantern, a beacon of hope for this community’s future, a way to animate the street with new life’

Self-STorAgePhotos: M

ike Sinclair

I IDA PROJECT

34 www.iesna.org

I IDA PROJECT

LD+AJuly2006 35

ously light the façade, loading dock platform and adja­

cent parking area. Precise positioning of the fixtures

also provides interior illumination when the exterior

doors are raised for access to the individual units.

The nine­ft wide garage doors were sized in order to

accommodate two four­ft T8 fluorescent fixtures. This

insured a smooth and consistent garage door illumi­

nation and also gave the contractor ample space for

installation. The polycarbonate clerestory becomes

a valance over the lighting niche deemphasizing the

lighting hardware. The luminaires are wet location

rated, have cold weather ballasts and vandal­resistant

polycarbonate lenses. The north­facing polycarbonate

clerestory and aluminum garage doors produce a bea­

con of light to the surrounding night environment—the

building literally glows at night.

“The large clerestory was metaphorically viewed

as a lantern, a beacon of hope for this community’s

future, a way to animate the street with new life,”

says Derek Porter, lighting designer on the project,

and recipient of a 2005 IIDA Edwin F. Guth Award

of Excellence.

For the entire project, only three luminaire types

were used (H.E. Williams supplied all four­ft and

eight­ft fluorescent luminaires). This reduction of

material yielded one lamp type (the four­ft T8), which

makes lamp maintenance a simple endeavor. Derek

Porter Studio’s design approach also met the personal

security and pragmatic performance requirements of

a 24­hour facility.

INSIDE THE BUILDING

Interior storage and corridor areas have high,

unencumbered white ceilings that capture daylight

during daytime hours and are indirectly illuminat­

ed at night by two­lamp fluorescent strips located

out of sight on top of storage walls. This concealed

mounting shields direct view of the lamps and re­

duces the likelihood of damage from vandalism and

movement of stored goods through the corridors.

All of the luminaires are zoned in rows running

parallel to clerestories and are controlled by wall

box switches in the office. The office manager con­

trols the interior lighting depending upon daylight

conditions to save energy costs and to reduce lamp

maintenance. Exposed mechanical systems typical­

ly hung from the ceiling are routed through walls

to optimize efficiency. Therefore, the ceiling itself

serves as a large reflector hovering overhead.

Using the same palette of luminaires, the entry sales

area (the only space with exposed luminaires) fea­

Interior storage units are illuminated with

two continuous rows of two-lamp strips

located on tops of storage walls, which

provide indirect illumination of corridor and

storage spaces. The wire mesh ceilings also

allow natural light to penetrate.

The high, unencumbered white ceiling acts

as a large reflector hovering overhead.

I IDA PROJECT

36 www.iesna.org

tures a set of X patterned suspended fluorescent strips

to provide general illumination. This expressive ges­

ture celebrates the simplicity and beauty of this indus­

trial product and is also a wayfinding device directing

customers toward individual storage units.

MORE THAN A STORAGE SITE

In October 2004, the facility hosted an experimen­

tal art exhibition called “Moving In Moving Out.”

El dorado architects and Botwin Family Partners

sponsored the exhibition as an inaugural event to

welcome the new business to the community. Kan­

sas City­based artists Jordan Nickel, James Wood­

fill, Mike Sinclar, Marcie Miller Gross and Miles

Neidinger each fabricated site­specific installations

within the storage units, the lobby area and corri­

dors. Much of the artwork focused on themes of stor­

age, reuse, interwoven images of community history

and concepts of belonging and identity.

Given the state of the surrounding community,

it’s critical that FLEXsystems embodies it name as

a flexible facility. “A key element of the functional­

ity and longevity of the project is its flexibility—the

facility is designed in such a way that should market

needs shift, it can easily be converted from storage

to retail space,” wrote Hesse McGraw, curator of

“Moving In Moving Out.”

What a good story: A developer who was sensitive

to the community; early involvement and careful

planning by the design team; and lighting solutions

that go beyond merely fulfilling the baseline crite­

ria to create architecture that may help resurrect a

community.

About the Designers: Derek Porter, IALD, Member IESNA (1995), is owner and principal designer of Derek Porter Studio. With 16 years of experience as a lighting designer, his projects include the Kansas City Ballet with Moshe Safdie, Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art with Kyu Sung Woo, Southern Poverty Law

Center in Montgomery, AL, and numerous custom residential projects. Mr. Porter also serves as director, MFA Lighting Program, at Parsons, The New School for Design.

Katrina Stullken All, LC, holds an architectural engineering degree from the University of Kansas. She manages large scale lighting de-sign projects at Derek Porter Studio such as Sinai Campus, Detroit Public Schools, Kansas City Public Library, Bich Telecom offices, Indian Creek Community Church and the law offices of Shook Hardy Bacon. Katie Green, LEED, Member IESNA (1997), is a designer at Derek Porter Studio who works on such projects as Liberty Condominiums, Bartle Hall Convention Center Expansion, a Civil Rights Museum in Greensboro South Carolina and custom residential projects. She is an active participant is numerous “green design” organizations and

holds an undergraduate degree in architectural engineering and a Master’s degree in architecture from the University of Kansas.

Brightly colored garage doors are lighted by surface-mounted

fluorescent luminaires integrated within the building façade.

The clerestory functions as a beacon at night.

PROJECT

LD+A July 2006 37

Lighting and design were part of the package from day one at a new

postal center in Philadelphia

It’s a familiar refrain: A frustrated lighting con-

sultant is called in at the 11th hour by the ar-

chitect to apply (or heaven forbid “paste”) light-

ing to a preconceived design scheme, rather than

having a seat at the table earlier in the project. For

the new U.S. Postal Service Processing and Dis-

tribution Center in Philadelphia, however, there

was no chance that the lighting designer would

be late to the party. That’s because the architec-

tural firm and lighting designer were one and the

same—Philadelphia-based Kling.

HandLed WItH Care

By Paul Tarricone

Phot

os: C

opyr

ight

Woo

druf

f / B

row

n Ar

chite

ctur

al P

hoto

grap

hy

A wall mural depicting city

scenes and zip codes is

backlit by LED light boxes.

PROJECT

38 www.iesna.org

“It was a nice departure to be brought in initially

and not at the last minute,” says lighting designer

Nicolas Gurganus, formerly of Kling and now senior

project lighting designer with Giovanetti Shulman

Associates, Broomall, PA. “We were able to walk in

early with the other disciplines, such as mechanical

and electrical.”

The new mail center replaces the

facility at 30th Street in Philadelphia,

constructed in 1935. At the time, it

was the only postal facility in the

world that could be reached directly

by air, rail and water, due to its roof

designed for the landing of mail

planes and its location adjacent to

30th Street Station and the Schuykill

River. Over the years, however, the

facility became less operationally

efficient, as the railroad became ob-

solete for transporting mail and mail

trucks increasingly had to compete

with rush hour traffic along South

30th Street. After 25 years of site

analyses, the USPS and the city locat-

ed a 50-acre “brown field” industrial

site for the new center near Philadel-

phia International Airport and the

Interstate-95 corridor. The 930,000

sq ft, $300 million facility opened in

December 2005.

Not surprisingly, considering the

cost and size of the project, the Postal

Service was no absentee owner. “They

were very hands-on from the get-go,”

says Gurganus. “They were involved

in every project meeting I went to and were onsite

during construction.” The roots of that involvement

actually trace back to November 2003 when the

Postal Service, Kling, construction manager Jacobs-

Gilbane and other key personnel participated in a

pre-construction partnering session to help ensure

a successful project. This all-day session was used

to jointly develop a project mission statement. The

session helped identify member expectations and

even went as far as evaluating the personality traits

of each team member to facilitate a smooth conflict

resolution process. Twenty-five members of the team

attended the session; a booklet outlining the conclu-

sions was later distributed to each attendee.

FRIENDLY FACILITY

One item on the client’s wish list—and perhaps the

most difficult challenge—was designing for the “hu-

man element,” says Kling project director Richard

Farley. How do you take a straight-forward mail pro-

cessing facility that caters to speed, efficiency and

tried-and-true processes and make it inhabitable,

1

PROJECT

LD+A July 2006 39

workable and enjoyable for a workforce of 4000? The

design solution was to “make the box breathe”: a cir-

culation spine just inside the main entry serves as a

link between the workroom spaces and administra-

tive spaces. All employees, whether mail sorters, op-

erations supervisors or top administrative staff, enter

the building through the same main entrance, filled

with natural light from the skylights during the day

and lit up like a beacon at night. HID pulse-start met-

al halide downlights (Kurt Versen), pendants (Louis

Poulsen) and wall scoops (Elliptipar) complement

the skylights to illuminate the circulation spine.

“The main entry welcomes personnel into the build-

ing with arms wide open,” says Farley. “Some person-

nel at other facilities entered the workroom through a

side door, punched in and went to work amid the sound

of machines and the chaos of the workroom floor. But

here, everyone enters the building with a sense of dig-

nity and satisfaction, that they’re a part of something

beyond themselves, processing more than eight mil-

lion pieces of mail nightly to all parts of the world.”

To further foster a sense of egalitarian-

ism, two-story glass walls offer a view of the Phila-

delphia skyline, while common spaces such as lock-

er rooms and a full-service cafeteria (with outdoor

seating and more wide-open views) were placed

equidistant from administrative and workroom

spaces to put all employees on the same plane.

For the most part, the Postal Service had a “cook-

1. Skylights, pendants and wall scoops were among the

techniques used to illuminate the central atrium spine—

the link between workroom and administrative spaces.

2. The administrative areas off the atrium benefit from

natural light complemented by dimmable fluorescent

light.

3. Gasketed compact fluorescent downlights illuminate

an outdoor dining terrace.

4. Pendants illuminate the main entrance, which all per-

sonnel use to access the facility.

2

3

4

PROJECT

40 www.iesna.org

ie-cutter” design theory about lighting spelled out

in its design guidelines—a document “the size of a

phone book,” Gurganus says. “There was no lighting

expert on staff for the client, but lighting was a con-

cern in terms of achieving specific metrics—whether

it was 50 footcandles in the work room areas, or a

minimum of two footcandles in others.” However,

the Postal Service did allow for a touch of architec-

tural lighting panache on a 175-ft long 40-ft high

silkscreen wall mural that shows Philadelphia zip

codes across photographs of city scenes. LED light

boxes (one ft by four ft) spaced intermittently (about

every 10 ft) backlight sections of the mural. “Remem-

ber the movie Close Encounters, with the blocks of

light during communication with the space ship?”

says Gurganus. “That’s sort of what it looks like.”

Directly off the circulation spine are the mail pro-

cessing areas and administrative offices. Approxi-

mately 630,000 sq ft on two levels is devoted to mail

processing. This industrial-style space is lighted by

glass refractor, fully enclosed gasketed HID 250-W

pulse-start metal halide highbay luminaires (Ho-

lophane) that can withstand floating paper dust—a

possibility in an area where such high volumes of

mail are handled. The admin offices, meanwhile,

receive daylight penetration through windows sup-

plemented by dimmable fluorescent lights.

LANDSCAPING AND LOADING

Outside, the grounds include new roadways,

curbs, gates, sidewalks, plant screenings, berms,

wayfinding signage and a parking lot for more than

2200 vehicles. To assuage residential concerns about

parking lot illumination, full-cutoff fixtures were

used to “ensure zero light trespass,” says Gurganus.

Approximately 50 poles (50-ft high), most with a

cluster of four metal halide shoe-box fixtures, were

used. “Two footcandles minimum was the criteria

for security. The parking lot is very bright and uni-

formly lit.”

The building’s exterior is comprised of insulated

metal panels incorporating a glass and aluminum

curtainwall. The processing center is surrounded

by more than 100 loading docks, which are illu-

minated by HID luminaires recessed into the cur-

tainwall. Finally, a veranda outside the cafeteria is

illuminated by gasketed compact fluorescent down-

lights, as well as embedded brick lights.

The Postal Service apparently likes the package.

At the ribbon-cutting ceremony, USPS governor Da-

vid Fineman described the design as the “model that

will be used in Chicago, Los Angeles and all over the

United States.”

About the Designers: Nicolas Gurganus, Member IESNA (2000), is senior project lighting designer with Giovanetti Shulman Associ-ates, Broomall, PA. He has 15 years of design experience with proj-ects ranging from pharmaceutical labs to corporate office campuses, data centers, higher learning environments, industrial environments,

MRI suites, medical care facilities, federal detention centers, Department of Defense and NASA facilities, several postal facility renovations and gaming/casinos.

Richard J. Farley, AIA, is project director with Kling. As both an ar-chitect and an engineer, Mr. Farley has extensive experience work-ing on institutional and corporate facilities featuring state-of-the-art technology, and large site master plans, several of which have won design awards. He has also been a faculty member at the University

of Pennsylvania Department of Architecture since 1983, teaching graduate courses in design, architectural structures and high-tech building enclosure.

A roof terrace provides access to the

cafeteria. Brick lights embedded in the

walls complement other lights sources.

PROJECT

42 www.iesna.org

PROJECT

LD+AJuly2006 43

Monsanto’s facility at the Spirit of St. Louis

Airport isn’t just a hangar—it’s a hangout.

The building is used not only to house and

maintain Monsanto’s corporate aircraft, but also

for social functions and as a welcoming center for

international clients and guests. William Tao & As-

sociates, Webster Grove, MO, was commissioned to

provide a quiet, low-maintenance, energy-efficient

lighting system for the hangar that would improve

light levels and quality.

The 22,000 sq ft facility includes the renovated

12,000 sq ft hangar bay, which can accommodate up

to four medium-sized aircraft. Complicating the new

lighting design was the fact that the National Electric

Code (the governing electrical code for this project)

classifies aircraft hangars as “hazardous locations,”

meaning additional rules affecting electrical equip-

ment and wiring methods have to be followed.

Plagued by noise (in excess of 60 decibels), lamp

failures and poor lighting quality, the existing light-

ing system had simply outlived its usefulness. “The

previous lighting consisted of 400-W twin metal ha-

lide high-bays and 1000-W incandescent pendants,”

says Mark de la Fuente, an electrical project engineer

William Tao & Associates. “Because the lighting was

over 30 years old, over time the metal plates within

the metal halide magnetic ballasts had loosened and

separated from each other due to the forces exerted

by alternating magnetic fields created by alternating

current. These changing magnetic fields were caus-

ing the ballasts to hum louder and louder with each

passing year. In addition, because the hangar is very

acoustically reflective, the lighting system had be-

come distractingly loud.”

SWITCH OUT

To create the new lighting system, 40 450-W open

rated pulse start metal halide highbays replaced the

existing (approximately 80) standard 400-W metal

halide fixtures. By dramatically reducing lamp

quantity and by using a lamp with longer life, main-

tenance required for this spot re-lamped lighting

system would be greatly reduced. “The new system

is expected to improve maintained light levels by 10

percent,” says de la Fuente. “In addition, the light-

ing system offers far better color stability over life,

good resistance against vibration and is essentially

impervious to temperature fluctuations.” Indeed,

the efficacy of the metal halide system was deemed

superior to comparable fluorescent systems in the

winter months, while the encapsulated ballasts

could easily withstand 120 deg summer tempera-

tures in this non-air-conditioned facility.

Meanwhile, eight compact fluorescent highbays

utilizing 42-W CFLs were used to replace the exist-

ing incandescent lighting. The CFL lighting doubles

as both an instant-on lighting system, as well as a

low-light level lighting system that allows the main

Planes, Cranes Very TighT sPaCes

By Paul Tarricone

a new hangar lighting system had to navigate around airplanes, a ceiling-mounted crane and other logistical challenges

+

Adequate light levels, a special reflective white

epoxy floor and proper luminaire spacing and

distribution eliminated shadows and the need for

supplemental lighting under the aircraft, where

inspections are routinely performed.

PROJECT

44 www.iesna.org

overhead lighting to be kept off when it is not need-

ed. “Thanks to new lamp and ballast technologies,

the energy consumption of the hangar lighting has

been reduced by an estimated 50 percent,” says de

la Fuente. The existing lighting contactors were

re-used to control the lights; however a multi-zone

lighting control system was added to provide the fa-

cility with lighting control flexibility.

UNder aNd arOUNd

The project also presented logistical challenges

specific to a hangar facility. The lighting must avoid

airplane wings and tails, as well as a large ceiling-

mounted crane used to maintain and service the air-

craft. The crane is used to lift equipment and aircraft

parts. Avoiding the crane’s wide moving path with-

out creating gaps in the lighting was accomplished by

carefully coordinating the location and suspension

length of the lighting with the crane’s rail system.

In addition, adequate light levels, a reflective

‘Because the hangar is very acoustically reflective, the

lighting system had become distractingly loud”

The new lighting had to avoid hazards such as a

ceiling-mounted crane used to lift equipment and

aircraft parts.

PROJECT

LD+AJuly2006 45

floor and proper luminaire spacing and distribution

eliminated shadows and the need for supplemental

undercarriage lighting. “A large portion of mainte-

nance and inspection is performed from under the

aircraft. Unfortunately it is very difficult to locate

permanent lighting under the aircraft,” says de la

Fuente. “A special white epoxy floor was used to re-

flect the downward light up and under the aircraft.

By reflecting the light, we are able to achieve very

uniform and shadow-free lighting under the air-

craft, much like how a typical office indirect light-

ing system uses the ceiling to reflect uniform light

onto the work surface.”

In other words, the new lighting has raised the

bar—both in terms of aircraft maintenance and visi-

tor perception. Says Jim Hrubes, Monsanto’s direc-

tor of corporate aviation, “The old lighting was in-

adequate and an old technology. During periodic

aircraft inspections, bright and true lighting are es-

sential. Besides being more efficient and economi-

cal, it also shows off our clean and neat hangar.”

About the Designers: Steve Andert, P.E., is a senior vice presi-dent and board member of William Tao & Associates, overseeing WTA’s lighting and electrical engineering services. He is also a board member of the IESNA St. Louis Section.

Mark de la Fuente, Member IESNA (2004), is an associate and lead lighting designer for William Tao & Associates. He is a degreed architectural engineer, whose lighting projects include the Liberty (WWI) Memorial and other historic lighting renovation projects. Mr. de la Fuente is a past president of IESNA St. Louis Section.

Option A3 was selected. Option A2 had a faster payback, but did not meet the recommended light levels. Option A5 also had a faster payback,

but designers were concerned with the ability of the lamp and ballast to function in the un-air-conditioned environment of the hangar.

The new system cut the existing

luminaire quantity in half.

Q+A

46 www.iesna.org

Got a question about in-

novations in powertrain

transmissions at Gener-

al Motors or the latest in vehicle

safety? Talk to an automotive en-

gineer. Got a question about GM’s

lighting program? Talk to Patrice

D. Fields. As senior electrical

engineer for GM’s Worldwide

Facilities Group (WFG), Fields

is responsible for planning and

managing the engineering, con-

struction and commissioning of

major electrical systems for man-

ufacturing and non-manufactur-

ing facilities in North America.

Fields is also GM’s “subject mat-

ter expert” for lighting systems.

She establishes corporate equip-

ment specifications, application

guidelines and approves manufac-

turers for 65 plants encompassing

nearly 14 million sq ft of space.

Lighting is not taken lightly at

GM. In 2002, under Fields’s di-

rection, the company formed a

Lighting Strategies Committee

(LSC) to establish a Corporate

Lighting Standard that address-

es safety, end user requirements,

energy efficiency, design cri-

teria, maintenance and lowest

lifecycle costs. The LSC consists

of other lighting subject matter

experts from energy, construc-

tion and maintenance service

groups within WFG, and a light-

ing consultant from a local ar-

chitectural engineering firm.

Fields began her career at GM

in 1986 while still at the University

of Detroit, earning credit toward a

Bachelors of Electrical Engineer-

ing. She later received a Masters of

Business Administration from the

University of Phoenix.

Fields began specializing in

lighting after completing an

IESNA section course in 1990.

Ultimately, she became respon-

sible for reviewing and approv-

ing new lighting products and

led the effort to approve the cor-

porate-wide use of electronic

ballasts and T8 lamps. In ad-

dition, she established corpo-

rate specifications and applica-

tion guidelines for fluorescent

electronic ballasts and outdoor

lighting systems, and led a team

of engineers in revising corpo-

rate specifications for indoor

Patrice Fields is the go-to

person when lighting issues

arise at GM’s 65 manufacturing plants across

North America

DriverL i g h t i n g

Q+A

LD+AJuly2006 47

HID, office and fluorescent in-

dustrial lighting systems. She is

also the liaison between lighting

manufacturers and GM facility

management representatives to

resolve operating issues with

lighting products.

In this Q&A discussion, Fields

describes GM’s approach to indus-

trial lighting and how it fits within

the larger corporate mission.

LD+A: What are the key in-

dustrial lighting issues at GM

and how is your department

addressing them?

Fields: The key issues are

safety, improved lighting qual-

ity and reducing overall life-

cycle costs for lighting systems.

Safety is the number one priority

at General Motors; safety issues

include proper component spec-

ifications, suitable luminaire ap-

plication, installation mounting

and power details, layout and

design for maintenance accessi-

bility, and proper operating con-

trol type and location.

The Lighting Strategies Com-

mittee has used a lifecycle cost

approach to justify standards that

have changed our approach to

lighting design. The design phi-

losophy has shifted from the use

of a grid pattern for general light-

ing design to an approach that

customizes the lighting design

and optimizes the layout to sup-

port the visual manufacturing

tasks. Our design approach em-

phasizes luminaire accessibil-

ity for maintenance and features

a group relamping program to

achieve minimal lifecycle cost.

LD+A: Are there any current

R&D projects or department

initiatives regarding lighting?

What new technologies (sourc-

es, fixtures, etc.), if any, are

you investigating?

Fields: GM has installed lim-

ited applications of newer tech-

nologies in our facilities to de-

termine their suitability for use

in automotive manufacturing. In

addition to the use of highbay flu-

orescent and electronically bal-

lasted metal halide systems, we

have expanded the use of occu-

pancy sensors to control lighting

outside of the office environment.

The use of occupancy sensors in

locations with limited activity

is an improvement over manual

switching with no adverse safety

impact. We have also success-

fully integrated lighting controls

into automated equipment to pro-

vide lighting only when needed.

LD+A: How does GM evaluate

the effectiveness of industrial

lighting “in the trenches?” Do

user groups/plant personnel/

unions provide feedback, de-

sign ideas or post-occupancy

evaluations?

Fields: Several mechanisms

are used in GM to obtain employ-

ee input, feedback or to solicit

ideas. A “Go-Fast” process is fre-

quently used to obtain employee

input for a defined problem and

identify potential solutions. The

GM Suggestion Program has

been used extensively by em-

ployees to improve lighting ef-

fectiveness through identifica-

tion of wasted lighting energy,

opportunities for better control

and the use of specialty lighting

for specific visual tasks. In ad-

dition, the Lighting Strategies

Committee maintains the GM

Corporate Lighting Standard as

a living document with frequent

updates to address issues as they

are identified.

Prior to incorporating new tech-

nologies or products into the light-

ing standard, several validation

steps are taken. We conduct a ta-

ble-top evaluation of the construc-

tion of luminaires, as well as the

photometrics. We select an appro-

priate application for a trial instal-

lation of new products. We evaluate

feedback from the end users such

as line workers, supervisors and

maintenance personnel. We also

work with representatives from

manufacturing engineering orga-

nizations to assist in the selection

The design philosophy has shifted from

the use of a grid pattern for general light-

ing design to an approach that customizes

the design to support the visual manufac-

turing tasks.

of luminaires and determine the

proper lighting design and levels

for tasks such as welding, assem-

bly line operations, painting and

inspection lighting.

LD+A: Is there an example

of how lighting addressed a

specific manufacturing/pro-

duction challenge at GM?

Fields: The integration of pro-

cess, building and emergency

lighting systems has eliminated

problems associated with robotic

vision systems, reducing exces-

sive glare at inspection stations,

and providing better lighting in-

side the vehicle to support inte-

rior vehicle assembly processes.

LD+A: Are there any light-

ing issues that are unique to

North American vs. interna-

tional production facilities?

Fields: HID lighting systems

are more prominent in North

America than other parts of the

world. The use of fluorescent

lighting for general industrial

building purposes has not been an

accepted practice in the past. Con-

cerns include increased installa-

tion and maintenance costs due to

higher luminaire and lamp quan-

tities, increased safety hazard

due to potential lamp breakage or

lamp retention in the luminaires,

and shorter life expectancy due to

less robust ballast products. HID

systems are preferred in North

America because of high lumen

package, high ambient operating

temperatures, less maintenance

and longer life.

GM’s international manufac-

turing facilities tend to place less

emphasis on building lighting

systems, relying almost solely

on process task lighting for vi-

sual requirements. As a result,

most international facilities use

exclusively fluorescent systems.

LD+A: Generally speaking,

apart from GM, what are the

big issues to monitor in terms

of industrial lighting?

Fields: Big issues to monitor

are 1) the development of elec-

tronic ballasts for metal halide

systems and 2) how changes to

federal and state energy codes

will impact luminaire, lamp and

lighting system design require-

ments in the future.

—Paul Tarricone

‘We evaluate feedback from the end users such as

line workers, supervisors and

maintenance personnel’

48 www.iesna.org

GM’s Corporate Lighting Standard ad-

dresses safety, end user requirements

and cost.

LD+A AT 35

LD+A July 2006 49

On The SixeS

Take a ride in the time machine and see what LD+A was covering in July ’76, ’86 and ’96

LD+A

LD+A AT 35

50 www.iesna.org

LD+A‘As the scaffolding began to come down, and I looked again at our Lady in the harbor—I was there one morning just as the sun rose—it bcame very clear that that’s what she should look like’

July 1976—5th AnniversAry

What’s the Story? Tennis, anyone?

In 1976, Jimmy Connors and Chris Ev-

eret ruled the hard courts. Today, the

names have changed (not to mention

the rackets), but the lighting issues

from ’76 strike a familiar chord. In his

article “Tennis Court Lighting—Design-

ing For Play,” in LD+A, July 1976, Ken-

neth Fairbanks (then director of engineering services

at Gardco Manufacturing Co. and now an IESNA Fel-

low) writes that “with the current emphasis on energy

conservation, outdated lighting techniques must be

reexamined. …Outmoded incandescent floodlight-

ing approaches are unacceptable in terms of energy

consumption. Their popularity comes from low initial

cost, but operating costs verify that incandescent sys-

tems have outlived their usefulness.”

July 1986—15th AnniversAry

What’s the Story? One of the U.S.’s most

revered national treasures is the Statue of Lib-

erty. One of the most recognized names in the

lighting industry is Howard Brandston. The two

came together in the July 1986 issue of LD+A,

when Brandston contributed a first-person ac-

count about relighting the Lady. “It wasn’t that

this was the biggest job my company had ever

done or even the most difficult project. But it

certainly would be one that had the greatest

symbolic meaning to more people than any oth-

er previous project or perhaps any project that

we ever do.

“We visited the island and did a careful survey

of what angles were most flattering to the Statue.

…It became clear that we had to do something to

increase the presence of the Statue in the harbor.

This would underline the symbolic importance of

the Lady.

“To accomplish this, I felt that she should no

longer loom out of the darkness of the harbor

with just her pedestal and herself lighted. Rath-

er, you should see the

island, the fort, the

pedestal, the Statue,

the crown and the

torch clearly.”

But even as the de-

sign plan came into

focus, something was

gnawing at Brandston.

“There was still something missing. There was

still some image that I did not have a handle on

of how I wanted the Statue to look when you saw

her at night. As the scaffolding began to come

down, and I looked again at our Lady in the

harbor—I was there one morning just as the sun

rose—it became very clear that that’s what she

should look like. The impression should be that

the sunlight is on her face, and that there is al-

ways a beginning and a hope here in America. So

as we began to apply the warm and cool lights,

the final focus phase, that’s what we worked for,

the impression of the sun in her face with the

clear cool light of the sky surrounding her.”

LD+A AT 35

LD+A July 2006 51

LD+AJuly 1996—25th AnniversAry

What’s the Story? A cover story on LD+A ’s silver

anniversary looked ahead, not back. A piece entitled

“Communicating the Future of Lighting” discussed

a range of topics, including a little thing called the

Internet. The article touched upon online “distance

learning programs” offered by universities and the

“wealth of information already available for free via

the Internet. Home pages and databases

by various organizations, manufacturers

and even individuals await intrepid ‘surf-

ers.’ ”

Beyond the rise of the Internet, the essay

also offered predictions on how the comput-

er would change design. “Computer-aided

design is becoming increasingly prevalent

in the offices of architects, designers and

consultants. Eventually, all the details,

structural, plumbing, HVAC, acoustical,

fenestration, finishes, furniture, and, of course, light-

ing—will be associated with different ‘layers’ of a draw-

ing that resides in a different computer.”

The emergence of a “computer on every desktop”

was also discussed in terms of lighting work spaces.

Naomi Johnson Miller, now an IESNA Fellow, said

at the time, “My prediction is that in another five

years—maybe 10—the computer industry will be mak-

ing better quality monitors and we will no longer have

to worry about reflections of the lighting systems on

the face of the monitor. …We will suddenly be released

from a lot of these low-brightness luminaires and go

back to a luminaire that produces a brighter more

cheerful space to work in.”

For the most part, Miller turned out to be prophetic.

Revisiting her prediction, Miller today says, “Yes, com-

puter screens have come a long way in 10 years. This is

an issue I don’t worry about much any longer because

the newer LCD flat screens are brighter (i.e.

higher luminance) and have much lower

specular and matte reflection characteristics.

So, they don’t reflect bright luminaires like

mirrors the way old CRT screens used to.”

Finally, there was also a discussion of

lighting quality vis a vis energy consump-

tion and the potential commoditization of

lighting—topics that still resonate today. Said

Wayne Morrow, “If you’re marketing a tele-

vision set, you don’t start off by telling peo-

ple what the cost is; you talk about the benefits. If you

put in an oak door, what’s the payback? Nobody even

asks. When we put in a good lighting fixture, why do

we ask what the payback is? Energy savings is a divi-

dend, something that falls out of what we do.” Bradley

Hutchinson added, “The most important [energy issue]

is that the lighting not ever be compromised. I’ve seen

so many situations where energy conservation has

overtaken the reason we do lighting in the first place.”

—Paul Tarricone

While the term “dark skies” had yet to become part

of the everyday lighting lexicon, Fairbanks notes that

“although fluorescent tennis lighting systems are

fairly efficient, many areas have rejected them be-

cause they light not only the courts, but the entire

neighborhood. Justifiably court neighbors feel their

privacy is being invaded and their property values

are reduced by this light intrusion.” The article goes

on to prescribe “sharp cutoff” HID luminaires as the

technique of choice for tennis courts.

Much of the remainder of the July ’76 issue was

dominated by coverage of the upcoming IES an-

nual conference in Cleveland. While staples like the

Progress Report and the Awards Luncheon continue

to this day, the after-hours entertainment had a de-

cidedly ’76 flavor; on Wednesday night, attendees

could choose between singer Bobby Vinton at the

Blossom Music Center or the killer whale Shamu at

Sea World in the bi-centennial show, “Yankee Doo-

dle Whale.”

LD+A AT 35

LD+A July 2006 53

People—not companies,

committees and confer-

ences—comprise an in-

dustry, and those people are ul-

timately the greatest resource a

magazine has. To commemorate

the 35th anniversary of LD+A,

we asked a number of individu-

als from the lighting industry to

reflect back on one “moment”

during the past 35 years. That

moment could be a personal

highlight or a trend that has

shaped the lighting community—

anything goes. Here’s what they

came up with.

Lighting professionals offer observations—

ranging from personal milestones to industry-changing events—from

the last 35 years

RefLections+RecoLLections

LD+A AT 35

54 www.iesna.org

In 1977 I took my

first lighting class

from Marietta Mil-

let. Our text was the

newly published Per­

ception and Lighting as Formgiv­

ers for Architecture by Bill Lam,

her mentor. I was hooked. Maybe

it was because I had majored in

psychology, and the idea that light-

ing could affect and be affected

by perception was intriguing. Or

maybe it was that daylight and

electric light could work together

to mold a building by some seem-

ingly mystical means. I have al-

ways considered myself Bill Lam’s

lighting granddaughter, and feel

duty-bound to pass on those still-

intriguing ideas to future genera-

tions.

Mary Claire Frazier,

Candela Architectural

Lighting Consultants

Change came to theatrical light-

ing controls from 1976-1980. The

1960s saw tungsten halogen lamps

improve lighting instruments, op-

tics and efficiency. The early ’70s

saw the advent of wide-spread

computerized control. The real

change in equipment came in the

late 1970s when power semicon-

ductors became so cost-efficient

that the whole architecture of

power controls for theatrical and

television applications changed.

Dimmer-per-circuit became prac-

tical and feasible. This led to safer

operations, less cost and ideal cou-

pling with the new computerized

lighting control consoles. Power

“patch panels,” “repatching” and

“ghost loads” virtually vanished

from our language, and dimmers

were purchased by the hundreds

instead of dozens.

Jody Good, Spectrum

Lighting

My first 35 years in illumina-

tion and the IESNA were devoted

to indoor lighting. In 1985, Hub-

bell Lighting, known for outdoor

lighting, purchased The Miller

Company. As manager of train-

ing, it was clear that I had to

quickly acquire a new language:

floodlight and roadway types,

pole heights, wind-loading, cut-

off, inverse square law. Happily,

this led to the Security Lighting

Committee. As I approach 80

years of age and over 55 years

in the IESNA, I am still teaching

and writing about security light-

ing. This activity provides a level

of satisfaction no office lighting

design could offer.

Ted Ake, Hubbell Lighting

(retired)

I always felt I crossed over

from the art world into the ar-

chitectural lighting design pro-

fession at a significant point in

time: early enough to experience

some of the living history still

lingering around parts of New

York City before it completely

vanished—like the century-old

Luxfer prisms in the transoms

of old Broadway storefronts—yet

well enough into its formative

period to envision where the fu-

ture would take it. I was lucky to

have struck up some brief friend-

ships along way with a few first-

generation lighting designers

(people like Douglas Leigh and

Edison Price). Their shared pas-

sion for light and what seemed

an eternal lifetime of achieve-

ment made me think they might

somehow outlive their legend.

Matthew Tanteri, Tanteri +

Associates, LLC

Instant food, instant messenger,

overnight delivery, e-mail, load a

project to an FTP site...instant de-

sign. Thinking back to the mid-

1970s, when overnight delivery

was just being born and we draft-

ed by hand, we had more time;

we had “think-time.” We didn’t

have to get the drawings to the ar-

chitect the next day, because that

was just physically impossible...

nowadays we have rush projects,

no phases of design. It seems that

modern man assumes ideas are

born faster since we can cut-and-

1970s

1980s

1990s

LD+A AT 35

LD+A July 2006 55

paste our details. I cherish a proj-

ect that has “think-time.”

Bonny Ann Whitehouse,

Whitehouse Lighting Design

As a neophyte lighting design-

er, learning about lighting during

the time period (post-1970s en-

ergy crisis) when lamp manufac-

turers were touting the benefits

of compact fluorescent sources

as energy-saving alternatives to

incandescent, I remember tak-

ing personal pride in developing

designs using 100 percent non-

incandescent sources. It wasn’t

until I started submitting light-

ing designs for IIDA Awards that

I learned more of the nuances of

visually artistic designs. A majes-

tic moment for me—as a lighting

designer—was winning an Award

of Merit for my design of the Cray-

ola Factory. I would not have de-

veloped the necessary design sen-

sitivities without the IESNA.

Jean C. Black, PPL Services

Corp.

A new development in the past

35 years is the research, aware-

ness and importance placed

on “lighting quality.” For many

years, the emphasis of lighting

for buildings and exterior envi-

ronments was most often based

on technical solutions. This is

what we were taught in educa-

tion programs where lighting

was oversimplified to numerical

equations. While these are still

an important part of our pro-

cess, a new emphasis is placed

on “quality lighting” early in

the design by architects and es-

pecially by building owner/op-

erators, whose bottom line is af-

fected by the impact that lighting

has on people using the space.

Stefan R. Graf, Illuminart

One of my strongest memories

in the lighting industry was during

the renovation of the Guggenheim

Museum in New York City in the

early 1990s. As a student of design

and architecture, I was humbled

by the experience of sitting in a job

meeting room, at the ground floor

of such an iconic building, with all

of the façade that the public usu-

ally sees stripped away. It was the

image of huge concrete columns

falling from the sky, and gracefully

transferring their enormous loads

to the foundation underneath that

made me realize the most interest-

ing features of any project are of-

ten hidden out of sight.

Ken Kane, Lighting

Services Inc

“Continuing education” means

much more than attending cours-

es and seminars. That education

also extends to the face-to-face

networking and information ex-

change that happens with col-

leagues at these events. Attending

local section meetings is a really

good place to start. Committee

involvement or being a section

officer provides a great leader-

ship role. However, going to a

regional or annual conference of-

fers so many more opportunities

for learning, such as history, lat-

est technologies and what’s on the

horizon. Plus, the people you meet

make the time well-spent.

Anthony J. Denami, Nash

Lipsey Burch, LLC

Since computers have inte-

grated and taken over our society,

lighting systems have become

more complex as well. Our lu-

minaires now speak to controls,

occupants, sensors and building

systems. Nevertheless, no matter

how “smart” the lighting system

may be, it still takes a passionate

lighting designer to make it work.

Connie L. Buchan, SMUD

Energy & Technology Center

The IESNA just celebrated its

centennial, which is certainly a

great milestone. What really struck

me about the event was the fact that

a group of stereotypically unsocial

and “stuffy” people got together

and had a really great time togeth-

er. It was a special time for all who

took part in it, especially the stu-

dents who were able to celebrate

with a Society that is full of life and

potential.

Pete Romaniello,

Conceptual Lighting

2000s

LD+A AT 35

56 www.iesna.org

LD+A AT 35

LD+AJuly2006 57

Imagine the Bicentennial meeting of IESNA, held at

the palatial Days Inn Resort and Spa in New York

City in January 2106 and attended by nearly 2000

members (the average age of whom is 79 years). This

meeting is especially notable because, for the first

time in 30 years, the members are coming together

at one location instead of attending via personal elec-

tronic media from their homes or businesses.

Following the presentation of the IESNA Medal to

the now feeble but still feisty Howard Brandston—his

third (he just keeps going and going...)—the Heritage

Committee Report recounts what the members be-

lieve to be the major contributions of the Society in

the past 100 years. Those milestones have also been

the subject of countless headlines and articles in

LD+A between 2006 and 2106:

1. Extra, Extra! “Public Reaches For the Stars;

Finally Demands Quality Lighting”: The state of

the lighted environment improved dramatically when

the IESNA stopped trying to convince the building in-

dustries that lighting was an important component of

architectural design that shouldn’t be the last system

to be added and the first system to be cut in the bud-

get process and instead embarked on a program of

public education that aroused the ire of users who in

turn demanded work and living spaces that were com-

fortable and efficient. By drawing attention to the most

egregious assaults on the senses by the glare mongers,

it became as unacceptable to disturb vision by shining

bright lights into people’s eyes as it was to play loud

music in public spaces (in fact that analogy was promi-

nently made in the education campaign). And once

the public started to pay attention to the worst of light-

ing conditions, it became increasingly interested and

knowledgeable about lighting and eventually began to

demand increased quality in all its lighted spaces.

The desire of the public for well-designed lighting

became so universal that, for the first time since the

1940s and in response to the increased demand for

highly qualified lighting professionals, North Ameri-

can universities began programs that offered degrees

in illuminating engineering as a primary discipline.

2. Extra, Extra! “Gas Guzzlers Phased Out As

Lighting Gains Prominence”: The energy crisis of

2031 showed that if the efforts during the late 20th

and early 21st centuries to continually decrease

the amount of energy devoted to lighting had been

continued, quality lighting would have become im-

possible to provide. Fortunately, the IESNA instead

embarked on a program which demonstrated that,

rather than starving the portion of the energy budget

dedicated to lighting, the public benefited far more

by restricting the energy devoted to such unneces-

sary uses as fuel guzzling, oversized vehicles.

The IESNA’s position that it was bad public policy

to continue to ignore the visual needs of the increas-

ingly aged population of North America gained it

valuable support from public advocacy groups and

politicians. The fact that the lighting industry con-

tinued to develop ever more energy-efficient sources

and designs gave it important credibility and played

a crucial role in the success of this initiative.

3. Extra, Extra! “Researchers Establish Link

Between Light and Human Health”: The success

of the mission to Mars in 2045 brought to the pub-

lic’s attention the role of light in maintaining health.

Because of the research funding that supported the

studies of the role of light in the physiological well-

being of the astronauts for long duration space trav-

el, photobiologists and illuminating engineers were

also able to conduct the basic research that mark-

edly advanced our knowledge about the relationship

HeadlInes

Iesna past president alan lewis previews the stories LD+A will be covering in advance of the society’s Bicentennial celebration in 2106

R i p p e d F R o m t h e

By AlAn lAiRd lewis

LD+A AT 35

58 www.iesna.org

between light exposure and human health. Just as

the space program advanced research in electron-

ics and electro-optics in the 20th century, so did it

advance the realization that lighting designs that in-

cluded non-visual effects could be even more cost-

effective and useful.

4. Extra, Extra! “Cobra heads, HID Head-

lights Extinct; Roads Now Light Themselves”:

Among the most significant advances covered in LD+A

and cited at the Bicentennial Conference was the de-

velopment and widespread application of coatings for

fabrics and materials that were self-luminous and

which have largely replaced the need to provide out-

door lighting at night. The availability of the micro fuel

cell, which eliminated the battery as a source of porta-

ble energy, made possible the use of self-luminous ex-

ternal garments which virtually eliminated the need

for roadway lighting in rural areas. The application

of solid-state coatings on road and walkway surfaces,

an outcome of the natural and rapid advances in solid-

state technologies which not only emitted radiation in

the visible spectrum but also could be tuned to emit in

the infrared, has not only dramatically increased driv-

ing safety at night, but also keeps roads free of snow

and ice in colder regions of the world.

The accompanying advances in lighting controls,

which permit the activation of the visible light com-

ponent of the coatings only at night and when ve-

hicles or other moving objects are present, have not

only dramatically reduced energy usage, but also

have cut sky glow by over 80 percent, now known

as the Crawford-Clanton Effect. However the IESNA

office still gets an occasional letter bemoaning the

passing of the high pressure sodium Cobra head

and the beloved HID headlight.

ExpandEd Horizons

Whether or not these imagined headlines ever

grace the pages of LD+A is not the important point.

What is important is that we—the members of the

Illuminating Engineering Society of North Amer-

ica—continue what our founders started in 1906.

Moreover, it is now time to expand our horizons

from working on the problems that face the lighting

industry to addressing the problems of our ultimate

constituency, the public. Within the past 18 months,

the Society crafted a new mission statement which

is both simple and elegant: The IESNA seeks to im-

prove the lighted environment by bringing together

those with lighting knowledge and by translating

that knowledge into actions that benefit the public.

The change in our mission articulated in this state-

ment is subtle, but immensely important: we act not

to benefit the industry, but to benefit the public. That

means that we should be asking how we, as those

most knowledgeable about the lighted environment,

can improve the lives of others through what we do

and know. We should be asking what it is that we,

as a group, can and should be doing to address the

needs of an aging population for a glare-free and

well-lighted space, for a safer and more comfortable

driving experience, for a night sky where we can

again see the stars while still getting around safely

on the ground, and where the therapeutic benefits of

light are available and understood by all. We can do

all this while still serving the needs of our industry

for order, standards and communication.

The Centennial celebration in January marked

a new and expanded vision of what this Society is

and can be. If you think the last 100 years have been

great, just watch us now. With enthusiastic and

committed members, with an exceptionally strong

leadership team ready to carry the torch, and with

an industry that is both innovative and generous,

our future is bright (but not glaring).

That’s news we can shout out from the rooftops.

This article was adapted from Dr. Alan Lewis’s

speech at the IESNA Centennial Celebration Dinner

in January.

About the Author: Dr. Alan Laird Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., Fellow IESNA (Member 1972), is the president of the New England College of Op-tometry and the 101st president of the IESNA.

60 www.iesna.org

RE

VIE

WB

OO

K

60 www.iesna.org

This well-done narrative de-

scribes the principal facts involving

the technology of lighting in all of

its aspects. It begins with the use

of fire as a form of light, originally

utilized to meet the needs of seeing

and security, and continues to trace

the development of contemporary

light sources. The breadth of the

author’s knowledge and experience

is obvious, revealed through his

ability to deftly handle the material

from the many different viewpoints

of the relevant branches of lighting

sciences. The text goes through

the identification of milestones

in sources research, calculation

methods, technical papers, as well

as standards’ definitions. Instead of

merely providing facts, the author

adds personal comments on light-

ing history, starting from the very

beginning and until the middle of

the 20th century.

The narrative consists of 12 chap-

ters with each part leading the read-

ers efficiently towards specialized

knowledge. The preface explains

the book’s main orientation and

philosophy. The first chapter deals

with the general aspects of lighting

history. The remaining chapters de-

scribe technical aspects of artificial

lighting’s evolution. For a lighting

professional, the book’s chapters

may be read in any order.

The main focus of the book is the

evolution of the knowledge of light

as an aspect of human civilization.

DiLaura uses clear English with a

pleasant literary style, accessible

even to those for whom English

is not their mother language. In

addition, many illustrations are

provided. Included are some very

interesting historic photographs

documenting the environment of

the lighting plants and laboratories

of the past. At first glance, the work

appears to resemble a story book,

but a detailed examination of the

content will provide for an educa-

tion and comprehension of the

lighting sciences.

In the introduction, the author

presents the first constitution of

the IESNA and acknowledges many

contributors. The first meetings,

the early letters and the presiden-

tial addresses, including the reason

why the use of the word “engineer-

ing” is used in the organization’s

title, are all chronicled.

Each chapter of the book may

stand alone, because they each

include a contents’ summary, as

well as an historical research, the-

ory and application section. So,

after the first chapters describe

the mechanics of light, vision and

color, the remaining ones describe

development of lamp sources. In-

cluded are the economic costs of

the respective light type discussed.

For instance, economic reasons

are important in considering why

candles are used only for religious

purposes, and for such commemo-

rative events as birthdays or ro-

mantic moments. These may be

considered special life events and

the high cost of candlelight is pro-

hibitive except in these situations.

The book’s content does not

neglect the importance of electri-

cal discoveries and potential influ-

ences on futures technologies. The

history shows the hard work made

by pioneers in getting the correct

material for the filament, the re-

search for the best vacuum value

and the search for a better lamp

lifetime duration including that for

halogen lamps. Following that, the

development of fluorescent lamps

and high pressure discharge lamps

are discussed.

Given the right and essential im-

portance to the search for a light

standard, the book also addresses

photometric measurement issues

in a separate chapter. The com-

plete description of the photomet-

ric system’s role is presented from

the beginning, including the initial

concepts and Lambert’s work, as

well as the equipment laboratories.

Additional comments are made

A HISTORY OF LIGHT AND LIGHTING

Author: David L. DiLaura

ISBN: 0-87995-209-9. Available

through IESNA (www.iesna.org);

212/248-5000

Hard cover: 402 pages. Includes

432 figure resources, bibliograph-

ical references and index.

By Gilberto J. C. da Costa

about the studies for lighting cal-

culations provided by Rousseau,

Parks, Benford and Yamautti. The

design methods used by Harrison

and Anderson, introducing the co-

efficients of utilization and the lu-

men method, are also discussed.

Finally, the book comments on

daylighting, called “the first light”

by the author, and the study of day-

light calculations mainly in effect

after the first oil crisis.

The result is a charming book

for those who make the science of

lighting their life’s work, but also

for those curious about the history

of civilization. It was written also to

document and to celebrate the cen-

tennial anniversary of the IESNA.

For that reason DiLaura received the

Society’s Presidential Award.

This book deserves a place in

the professional’s personal library

and is highly recommended. This

text may be considered as a moti-

vational book for lighting students

of all ages and experience.

Gilberto J. C. da Costa is Titular

Professor of lighting at the Catholic

Pontifical University of Rio Grande

do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil, since 1969,

at the Architecture and Engineering

Faculties. He worked at the same

time for 30 years for an electric public

utility (CEEE) Brazil. He is a member

of IESNA, since 1994 and of the ISHS,

since 2000. Presently his research is

on the use of supplementary lighting

for plant growers production.

LD+AJuly2006 61

Join Now!The Illuminating Engineering

Society of North America is

the recognized technical author-

ity on illumination. With a diverse

membership, the society publishes

nearly 100 authoritative publications,

including recommended practices

on a variety of applications, design

guides, technical memoranda, and

publications on energy management

and lighting measurement. For more

information visit our website.

Apply for membership online at www.iesna.org

62 www.iesna.org

LIG

HT

PR

OD

UC

TS

s In addition to the LG16 Festive

LED lamp which is two in. in diam-

eter, TCP now offers the LG25

(3.1-in. diameter) and LG40 (5-in.

diameter) as energy efficient alter-

natives to incandescent lamps.

The LED lamps are available in

an array of colors, including red,

blue, green, white and amber, and

last up to 50,000 hours, providing

a stylish option for a variety of

specialty applications where low

maintenance and energy savings

are desired. The lamps come in 24

or 120 volts with either a medium

or candelabra base. Each lamp

consumes only one watt and is

rated for indoor or outdoor use.

www.tcpi.com

s Square D’s Clipsal keypads

with Dynamic Labeling Technology

make it easier for homeowners and

their guests to locate switches in a

dark room and turn on the lights

they want. The technology allows

for electronic labeling of keypad

switches according to homeowner

preferences, and incorporates a

backlit LCD screen that can dis-

play editable text or bitmap labels

along with function indicators like

bar graphs. Button configurations

allow the setting of up to four light-

ing scenes. This means scenes spe-

cifically designed for certain times

of the day or household events,

such as movie night, can be pre-

programmed to homeowner speci-

fications. www.us.squared.com

s W2 Architectural Lighting’s

Norfolk Series of decorative lumi-

naires for use for commercial, retail

and hospitality applications fea-

tures a complete family of architec-

tural styled decorative fixtures that

are designed to illuminate today’s

contemporary commercial interi-

ors. Gently diffusing bowl-shaped

shades produce soft, even lighting

while their open tops deliver indi-

rect lighting that enhances the envi-

ronment. The pendants are offered

with diameters ranging from 24

to 48 in., and can be extended

from the ceiling with stems. www.

w2lighting.com

t Juno Lighting Group has added 21 new families of Linear Fluorescent fixtures to its

ModuLight line. These fixtures provide energy efficiencies and added safety benefits, and

allow for unlimited reconfiguration of lighting layouts. Linear Fluorescent fixtures provide

flexibility, dependability and variety to fit any industrial or commercial application. The 21 new

families are available in five luminary groups. These groups include: industrial, strip mounts,

wraparound, surface mounts and channel. The fixtures also offer an emergency lighting sys-

tems option. The emergency system offering provides 1 or 2 T8 lamp operation, 1100 to 1400

lumen output and 90 minutes of illumination time. www.junolightinggroup.com

LD+AJuly2006 63

t LEDtronics series

Panel Mount LED

Lamps and Holders are

designed to replace

T2 incandescent tele-

phone-slide based

lamps in miniature

utility switches, indus-

trial control panels

and other applications

that demand durable and energy-efficient light sources. The

lamps and holders fit space-restricted control panels and

tight operating budgets alike. While intended as integrated

assemblies (incorporating the lens, lamp and lamp holder),

the relampable series may be purchased as separate com-

ponents. With behind-the-panel depths of .935 in. (23.7mm)

and 1.4 in. (35.6) mm respectively are great for applications

where space is at a premium. www.ledtronics.com

s Deltalight’s harnesses Power LEDs blending cut-

ting-edge European design, with high-performance

Power LED technology. Encompassing a stylish range

of surface mount and recessed fixtures for interior and

exterior applications, the line includes task, accent, min-

iature down-light, orientation, wall sconce, in-ground,

linear and landscape luminaires. Power LEDs offer many

advantages over conventional light sources including

extremely long-life of 50,000+ hours, smaller size allow-

ing for dramatically different fixture designs, energy

efficiency with white Power LEDs delivering more than

20 lumens per watt and no heat or UV in the light beam.

www.deltalight.us

s Encelium Technologies, Inc.’s Energy Control System

(ECS) is a fully scalable, integrated hardware and software

system that allows users to realize unprecedented light-

ing-related energy savings in offices, healthcare facilities,

schools, warehouses, factories, and other commercial and

public buildings. The system’s unique “GreenBus” com-

munication network allows light fixtures, occupancy sen-

sors, photo sensors and wall dimmers to be individually

addressed as part of a complete lighting control system,

resulting in quantifiable energy savings of 55-70 percent.

www.encelium.com

ß July 18-19: The Kirlin Com-pany is offering its course, “Healthcare and Medical Lighting” at its Reflection Point Education Center in Detroit, MI. The course focuses on current practices for healthcare facility lighting, including specialty lighting for procedures and exams, as well as issues that are important in addressing the need of patient visual com-fort and professional staff performance. Contact: www.kirlinlighting.com

ß July 31-August 2: Philips Lighting presents a three-day Lighting Fundamentals work-shop held at the Lighting Ap-plication Center in Somerset, NJ. This program, covering basic knowledge for anyone involved in the lighting industry, includes hands-on demonstrations and interac-tive experiences to give you a first hand appreciation of the impact of lighting decisions. Contact: www.nam.lighting.

philips.com/us/lac/ or call 732-563-3273.

ß August 3-4: The Philips Lighting two-day workshop on Retail Lighting Applica-tions addresses and explores innovative lighting solutions for visual merchandising at the Lighting Application Center in Somerset, NJ. This workshop will cover general lighting, display lighting, color and theme lighting appropriate for applica-tions ranging from big-box and grocery, to department stores and specialty shops. Contact: www.nam.lighting.philips.com/us/lac/ or call 732-563-3273.

N September 7-8: Second CIE Symposium on Lighting and Health, Ottawa, Canada. NRC and the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) are co-hosting this important international event, with support from major lighting companies.

Contact: irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ie/lighting/health/cie_e.html

ß September 11: Philips Lighting presents a one-day Sustainable Lighting workshop held at the Lighting Application Center in To-ronto. This program delivers information and techniques needed for lighting LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) appli-cations. Contact: www.nam.lighting.philips.com/us/lac/ or call 905-201-4500, ext 2034.

ß September 12-14: Philips Lighting presents a three-day Lighting Fundamentals workshop held at the Lighting Application Center in Toronto. This program, covering basic knowledge for anyone involved in the lighting industry, includes hands-on demonstrations and interac-tive experiences to give you a first hand appreciation of the impact of lighting decisions. Contact: www.nam.lighting.

philips.com/us/lac/ or call 905-201-4500, ext 2034.

ß September 19: Philips Lighting presents a one-day Residential Lighting Applica-tion workshop held at the Lighting Application Center in Somerset, NJ. This program demonstrates home lighting techniques and merchandis-ing for residential show-rooms. Contact: www.nam.lighting.philips.com/us/lac/ or call 732-563-3273.

ß September 20-22: Philips Lighting presents a three-day NCQLP Exam Preparation Review held at the Lighting Application Center in Som-erset, NJ. This course will help prepare LC candidates for the exam in November by emphasizing effective techniques, using practice simulations and calculations, and filling in knowledge gaps. Contact: www.nam.lighting.philips.com/us/lac/ or call 732-563-3273.

EV

EN

TS

64 www.iesna.org

LD+AJuly2006 65

ß September 20-22: Cooper Lighting presents Maximizing Sustainability and Energy Efficiency in Schools, Offices & Healthcare Applica-tions– $500– to be held at the Cooper Lighting headquarters in Peachtree City, GA. Contact: Karin Martin 630-513-8625

ß September 21-23: CIE/USA, Commission Inter-nationale De L ’Eclairage International commission on Illumination announces Urban Nightscape, Athens – Kifissia, Gaia Centre, Gou-landris Museum of Natural History. Contact: www.urbannightscape2006.com

ß September 27-29: ITL (Independent Testing Labo-ratories, Inc.) will conduct its Educational Institute “Photometric Reports and Lighting Calculations” in Boulder, CO. This training course is geared toward those new to the study of lighting, emphasizing the use of photometric data– Indoor, Roadway and Floodlight. Contact: Debbie Berger 303-442-1255

ß October 2-3 : Cooper Lighting presents Advanced IRiS Solutions– $350– to be held at the Cooper Lighting headquarters in Peachtree City, GA. Contact: Karin Martin 630-513-8625.

ß October 2-5: ITL (Indepen-dent Testing Laboratories, Inc.) will conduct its Educa-tional Institute “Fundamentals of Photometry” in Boulder, CO. This four-day course covers the technical aspects of photometric testing. Exten-sive coverage is given to the various forms of photometric data and the procedures nec-essary to test and reduce the raw data into final photomet-ric reports for indoor, outdoor, and floodlight luminaires. The institute also reviews the fun-damental concepts and terms of illumination and electrical measurements as well as char-acteristics of contemporary light sources. Contact: Debbie Berger. 303-442-1255

ß October 3-4: The Kirlin Company is offering its course, “Healthcare and Medical Lighting” at its Reflection Point Education Center in Detroit, MI. See (July 18-19) description.

ß October 4: Philips Light-ing presents a one-day Sus-tainable Lighting workshop held at the Lighting Applica-tion Center in Toronto. See (September 11) description.

N October 4-6: Inaugural Conference from Intertech, Quantum Dots 2006: From Nano to Mega – Transforming QDs into a Global Market will feature 20 speakers, two semi-nars and multiple networking events for members of the quantum dot, lighting, display, biomedical/biotech, energy, data storage, and investment communities, will be held at Crowne Plaza Hotel Union Square, San Francisco, CA. Contact: syandell@interte-chusa.com or go to www.intertechusa.com

N October 6-9: 2006 Ameri-can Society of Landscape Architects Annual Meeting & EXPO (October 7-8) and 43rd International Federation of Landscape Architects World Congress (IFLA) will host Green Solutions for a Blue Planet will be held at the Min-neapolis Convention Center, Minneapolis, MN. Contact: Angela Wilson at 202-363-4666 or email angelaasla@starpower.net

ß October 8-11 : The Illuminat-ing Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) will host the 25th Annual Street and Area Lighting Conference in Tampa, FL, at the Hyatt Re-gency Tampa Hotel. The three-day conference is dedicated to the continuing education of a wide range of outdoor lighting professionals including, de-signers, engineers, managers, directors and planners from municipalities, cooperatives, utilities, consultant firms and urban planners with respon-sibilities in outdoor lighting. Three days of educational ses-

sions and exhibits will enable attendees to gain an edge on current outdoor lighting prac-tices. From lighting novice to experienced veterans, the con-ference offers basic courses to advanced lighting courses. The conference program covers a wide range of topics such as security, liability, and maintenance exclusive to out-door lighting and presented by top industry speakers. Small group breakouts are held to address relevant and specific business related issues totally focused on outdoor lighting. Contact: Valerie Landers, Tel: 212-248-5000, ext. 117 or go to www.iesna.org

ß October 12-13 : Cooper Lighting presents Lighting Design & Applications with E-Tools – $350– to be held at the Cooper Lighting headquarters in Peachtree City, GA. Contact: Karin Martin 630-513-8625

ß October 16-18: Philips Lighting presents a three-day

Lighting Fundamentals work-shop held at the Lighting Ap-plication Center in Somerset, NJ. See (September 12-14) description.

N October 16-18: LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) 2006, Intertech’s 7th Annual Conference dedicated to the applications, technological developments, and markets for high-brightness HB LEDs (light emitting diodes). Featuring 25 speakers, two seminars, 50+ exhibitors and multiple networking events. The industry’s premier LED event will be held at the Hil-ton San Diego Resort Hotel, San Diego, CA. Contact: syandell@intertechusa.comor go to www.intertechusa.com

Events KEYN = tradeshows & conferences

ß = educational opportunities

For all Industry Events go to the website www.iesna.org

Sustaining MembersBrite-Lite Wholesale Lighting, Delta, BCFederal Highway Administration, McLean, VA IESNA Montreal Section, Boisbriand, QCJ&J Electronics, Inc., Irvine, CALam Lighting, Santa Ana, CA Ledalite Architectural Products Inc, Langley, BCNora Lighting, Commerce, CA Page Interworks, P.A., North Wilkesboro, NC PolyBrite International, Inc., Naperville, IL

Canadian RegionLeigh E. Budd, Westburne Electric Supply, Winnipeg, MB Glen L. Handford (M), Handford Marketing, Winnipeg, MB Graham J. Keene, Canadian Tire, St. Catharines, ON Philippe Lafleche (M), BPR, Inc., Montreal, QC Paul F. Nolan (M), The College of the North Atlantic - Qatar, St. John’s, NF Michael R. Pearse (M), King Luminaire Inc., Burlington, ONSandra E. Romero, C.E.T., Cochrane Engineering Ltd., Winnipeg, MB A. David Taylor, Taylor Marketing Group, Inc., London, ON Sylvie Valiquette, IESNA Montreal Section, Boisbriand, QC

East Central RegionTheodore R. Calver (M), AES Consulting Engineers, Williamsburg, VA Samuel M. Carmack Jr., Baskervill, Richmond, VA Gerard D. Darville (M), Lutron Electronics, Coopersburg, PA John P. Kuderka Jr. (M), Martin/Rogers/ Associates, P.C., Wilkes Barre, PA Larry S. McKee (M), Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern, Inc., Roanoke, VA C. Cameron Miller (M), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Scott G. Rhea (M), American Lighting & Signalization, Willow Grove, PA Michael J. Titus (M), JDA Consulting Engineers, Baltimore, MD Morgan State UniversityOlufemi O. Sonde The Pennsylvania State UniversityTakanori Taira Great Lakes RegionJanuk S. Aggarwal (M), Holophane, Newark, OH Jack Bonbright (M), Steed Hammond Paul Inc., Hamilton, OH Joseph K. Chan (M), Biagi & Associates, Shelbyville, KY Michele C. Eaton, Turner Engineering, East Rochester, NY Andrew J. Galsterer III, The Kirlin Company, Detroit, MI Stacy A. D. Hoch (M), Holophane, Newark, OHKane Howard (M), Kalamazoo, MIMark E. Jacobs (M), Dmytryka Jacobs Engineers, Inc., Perrysburg, OH Kevin McGahey, Philips Lighting, Pittsburgh, PA Eric J. Schuldt, The Kirlin Company, Detroit, MI William L. Surna, Carl Walker, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI Joshua D. Thornton, Kraft Electrical Contracting, Inc., Cincinnati, OH Christian A. Todd, McHenry & Associates, Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH Michael S. Wolfe (M), HDR, Inc., Cincinnati, OH Corey J. Zachel (M), Buehrer Group Architecture & Engineering, Inc., Maumee, OH

Cazenovia CollegeTiffany M. Fairbrother

South Pacific Coast RegionCraig Brauks (M), Lam Lighting, Santa Ana, CA Warren J. Gross, San Diego Gas and Electric, San Diego, CA Stephanie Jeffers (M), J&J Electronics, Inc., Irvine, CA Matthew A. Levesque (M), First Circle Design, LLC, Newport Beach, CA Peter A. Maradudin (M), First Circle Design, LLC, Newport Beach, CABen Mascardo (M), DMJM Harris, Orange, CA Marya Anne Miller, O’Connor Sales Agency, San Diego, CA Lenna M. Minion, Los Angeles, CA Julian Sabri, Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CAJames Paul Schipper (M), Kinetic Lighting, Inc., Culver City, CA Roger Ziegler, Lam Lighting, Santa Ana, CA Michael W. Zollers (M), Optical Research Associates, Pasadena, CA San Diego State UniversityPeter Farjad Midwest RegionWilliam E. Arnold (M), Powell/Kleinschmidt, Chicago, IL Brian Finn, Holophane, Aurora, IL Andrew David Hager (M), Allstate Consultants, P.C., Columbia, MO John E. Hollander (M), Alkco Lighting, Franklin Park, IL W. Wade Johnson, Holophane, St Charles, MO Jon Michael Kirkhoff (M), Pulse Products, Minnetonka, MN Steven J. Patkus (M) Kramer/ Rudd Lighting, Sturtevant, WIBenjamin T. Petry, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO Carol J. Tigges (M), Border States Electric Supply, Fargo,ND Southern Illinois University at CarbondaleAlison R. Deany, Jennifer M. Pivovarnik University of Missouri-ColumbiaTyson N. TaylorUniversity of Wisconsin - Stevens PointChristine Janssen, Heather Klug, Emily Magestro, Rebecca Stefanski, Kim Wolter Southeastern RegionNawwaf Ahmad (M), Cuhaci + Peterson, Archi-tects, Orlando, FL Melissa A. Hay, Power Design, Inc., St. Peters-burg, FL

Northeastern RegionMary Barton, Town of Watertown, Watertown, CT Edward T. Crofton (M), Articulated Technologies, LLC, Higganum, CT Bernard Diffin (M), The EGL Company, Berkeley Heights, NJ Kevin J. Dowling (M), Color Kinetics Incorporated, Boston, MA Don Jacklin (M), Ledalite Architectural Products, Inc., New York, NY Eric R. Kuegler (M), Tewksbury, MAJohn T. LaMontagne (M), Reflex Lighting, Boston, MA Paul J. Shapiro (M), Lightolier, Fall River, MA Anne P. Williamson, The Wysong Co., Inc., New York, NY New York College of TechnologyCyril Young

Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteJorge L. Colon Shepaug Valley High SchoolDavid J. Kinkade University of Massachuetts, BostonAndrew Michael Hyman Northwest RegionLynn A. Asselin, Holophane Canada, Inc., North Vancouver, BCThinh C. Nguyen, PAE Consulting Engineers, Inc., Portland, OR Edna Noga (M), Flack & Kurtz, Inc., Seattle, WA Ali Rahimpour, RFA Engineering Consultants, Vancouver, BC Debbie A. Stewart, Gausman & Moore, Portland, OR Mike Wiebe, Ledalite Architectural Products, Inc., Langley, BCBritish Columbia Intstitute of TechnologySarah J. Marshall, Susan Pranjic, Jen Shan, Geele N. Tutty, Roye Wang Southwestern RegionJim Barnes (M), Plain L.L.C., Dallas, TX Christopher D. Berumen, Eye Lighting International of North America, League City, TX R.J. Darling, EYE Lighting International of North America, Castle Rock, CO Norman E. Graham (M) Ford Bacon and Davis, Baton Rouge, LADaniel P. Grant (M), MKK Consulting Engineers, Inc., Greenwood Village, CO Mort A. Katz, Juno Lighting Group, Plano, TX Jonathan M. Krams, Cresent Electric Supply, Denver, COJessica D. McIntyre, Architectural Design Group, Oklahoma City, OK John W. Schach, Gardco, San Marcos, TX Sylvia P. Tongate, Holophane Lighting, Ft. Worth, TX Jeffrey J. Turner (M), Advanced Energy Innovations, Rowlett, TX Oklahoma State UniversityMai ShibataUniversity of Texas at San AntonioTrey R. Sinkfield Walden UniversityCarol L. Petty

Southern RegionAddison Brown, S.L. Bagby Company, Charlotte, NC D. Heath Kelly, Page Interworks, P.A. North Wilkesboro, NC Carl A.R. Page, Page Interworks, P.A. North Wilkesboro, NC Kerry D. Penwell (M), Majestic Lighting Design, Simpsonville, SC Guy A. Petruccelli (M), Day-Brite/Capri/Omega, Tupelo, MSRussell George Villard, Cree Solid State Lighting, Durham, NC North Carolina A&T State UniversityMichael S. McDaniel

InternationalJohn Frank Rands, WRTL Exterior Lighting Ltd. (i-TunneL), St. Asaph, U.K.Xavier Varghese, Brass Light International, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesBrunel University (U.K.)Sean G. Mooney Univerity of Sto. TomasVenna Violete R. Resurreccion

Membership committee Chair Paul Mercier announced the IESNA gained nine Sustaining Members and 116 members (M), associate and student members in April and May.

68 www.iesna.org

NEW MEMBERS

LD+AJuly2006 69

The following companies have elected to support the Society as Sustaining Members

which allows the IESNA to fund programs that benefit all segments of the membership and pursue new endeavors, including education projects, lighting research and recommended practices. The level of support is classified by the amount of annual dues, based on a company’s annual lighting revenues:

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Copper: $500 annual dues Lighting revenues to $4 million (Copper members are listed in one issue of LD+A each year, as well as in the IESNA Annual Report.)

Silver: $1,000 annual dues Lighting revenues to $10 million

Gold: $2,500 annual dues Lighting revenues to $50 million

Platinum: $5,000 annual dues Lighting revenues to $200 million

Emerald: $10,000 annual dues Lighting revenues to $500 million

Diamond: $15,000 annual dues Lighting revenues over $500 million

DIAMONDCooper LightingGeneral Electric Co.Lithonia LightingOSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.Philips Lighting Co.

EMERALDHolophane Corporation

PLATINUMDay-Brite Capri OmegaLightolierLutron Electronics Co, Inc.

GOLDA.L.P. Lighting Components Co.The Bodine CompanyCanlyte Inc.Con-Tech LightingDuke Power Co.Edison Price Lighting, Inc.Finelite, Inc.Florida Power Lighting SolutionsGardco Lighting Indy Lighting, Inc.Kenall Mfg Co.The Kirlin CompanyKurt Versen Co.LexaLite Int’l CorpLighting Services IncLiteTouch Inc.Louis Poulsen LightingLSI Industries, Inc.Lucifer Lighting Co.Martin Professional, Inc.Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.Niagara Mohawk Power CorpPrudential Lighting CorpRAB Lighting, Inc.San Diego Gas & ElectricSPI LightingVista Professional Outdoor LightingThe Watt Stopper Inc.Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.

SILVERAltuglas International, Arkema Inc.Ardron-Mackie LimitedAssociated Lighting Representatives. Inc.Axis Lighting Inc.Bartco Lighting, Inc.

Barth Electric Co., Inc.Beta LightingBirchwood Lighting, Inc.BJB Electric CorporationBorder States Electric SupplyBrite-Lite Wholesale LightingBulbrite Industries, Inc.Celestial ProductsCity of San FranciscoCon Edison of New YorkCustom Lighting Services, LLCCustom Lights, Inc.Day Lite Maintenance Co.Defense Supply Center PhiladelphiaEastern Energy Services, Inc.Eclipse Lighting, Inc.Elko LtdElliptiparENMAXEnterprise Lighting SalesETC ArchitecturalEye Lighting Int’l of NAFiberstarsFocal PointGammalux SystemsH E Williams, Inc.HDLCIlluminating Technologies, Inc.Kramer LightingLam LightingLCA Holdings P/CLedalite Architectural Products Inc.Lee FiltersLegion Lighting Co.Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc.Lightology LLCLiteTechLitecontrol CorpLitelab CorpLumascape USA Inc.Manitoba HydroManning LightingMetalumen Manufacturing, Inc.Nora LightingOCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc.Optical Research AssociatesPage Interworks, P.A.Paramount Industries, Inc.Peter Basso Associates, Inc.Prescolite, Inc.Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. - CalgaryRichard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. - EdmontonRuud Lighting Canada Corp.Sentry Electric CorporationShakespeare Composites & StructuresSouthern California EdisonSternberg Vintage LightingStrand Lighting, Inc.StressCrete King Luminaire Co.Tennessee Valley AuthorityThe Belfer GroupUniversal Electric Ltd.US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley LightingUtility MetalsVelux America Inc.WJ Whatley Inc.WAC Lighting, Co.Wisconsin Public Service CorpWybron, Inc. Xenon Light, Inc.

IES SUSTAININGMEMBERS

As of June 2006

LD+A July 2006 71

FYI

IES

Members In the News

Martin Professional, Inc. has

named David Baum national sales

director for its Public

Spaces segment. Baum,

previously with Holo-

phane, currently sits on

the IESNA Board of Direc-

tors and has been involved with the

IESNA Street & Area Lighting Com-

mittee (SALC) for the past 15 years,

serving as chairman and committee

member. Last October he received

the Lifetime Service Award from the

SALC.

Advance Transformer, Rosemont,

IL, was presented with Grainger’s

“Partners in Performance Supplier”

Award for 2005. The award recogniz-

es suppliers who achieve excellence

in several categories, including re-

sponsiveness, information integrity,

on-time shipping and order fulfill-

ment. It is the seventh consecutive

and ninth overall time that Advance

has received the award.

Dwight Hochstein, vice president

and general manager of Hydrel, an

Acuity Brands Company, has retired.

Hochstein was respon-

sible for the engineering,

manufacturing and sales

of Hydrel architectural

products. During his ca-

reer, he was instrumental in lighting

monuments and projects including

the Hoover Dam; Wrigley Build-

ing, Chicago; Disneyland (Paris and

Tokyo); and the Forbidden City in

China.

What Brand Are You Wearing?By Scott D. Padios

I have had the opportunity to experience “branding” from several dif-

ferent perspectives within the lighting industry. Throughout my career,

I’ve been on four of what I would define as the five sides of the industry:

electrical engineering; lighting design consulting; lighting distribution and

showrooms; and lighting educator. (The one I lack would be lighting manu-

facturer.) If each one of the five professions wore a different colored hat

that labeled or branded each with a specific set of qualifications, how do

you think the general public would view each one? Let’s take a look at how

each is branded.

1. The Electrical Engineer. The public views the electrical engineer as an

educated professional qualified in all aspects of electrical design and code

requirements, but not necessarily having any lighting design knowledge.

That’s not to say there aren’t any lighting-qualified engineers out there. It’s

simply to say that this is typically the way they’re branded by the public.

2. The Lighting Design Consultant. If we look at the role of a lighting de-

sign consultant (which is where I rest my hat), the public generally views us

as lighting knowledgeable, but it may not understand what we are genuine-

ly qualified to do, such as running calculations, 3D modeling, understand-

ing visual comfort, etc. From time to time, we may be viewed as the interior

decorators of lighting, possessing the ability to select luminaires that mesh

well with the interior design of the home and picking out the decorative

stuff. It’s usually not until after a client has come in for a consultation with

us that they discover what we really have to offer and how there exists a

delicate balance between the art and science of lighting.

3. Distributors and Showrooms. In my view, the public has branded dis-

tributors as simple merchandise warehouses; staff may be knowledgeable

about the specifications of a specific luminaire, but not necessarily possess

much design ability. Since my background includes this area, I find this

branding particularly disturbing.

Distributors typically go hand-in-hand with lighting showrooms where

the showroom sales staff is perceived or branded as more of a general

salesperson than a lighting professional, similar to a salesperson working

in any retail store. Yes, the salespersons there typically know a lot about

what they carry and what they stock, but not necessarily about how their

products are made or how they should be properly used. In fact, there are

many showrooms across North America that have qualified lighting design-

ers on staff; you just have to be able to tell the difference. This is also where

the public can be left with a bad taste in its mouth. One simple way to cor-

rect this problem is to have all lighting salespeople take the NCQLP exam.

Wouldn’t that be wonderful! Let’s define who knows what they are talking

about and who doesn’t.

4. The Lighting Educator. I am confident that this is the one and only

profession in our industry that holds its own in the public’s eye. They are

B e s t P r a c t i c e M a k e s P e r f e c t

72 www.iesna.org

FYI

IES

Terry Bell was named a partner

in the newly formed venture, CD+M

Lighting Design Group (a merger of

City Design Group and Marcad Light-

ing Design). Bell will be the principal

designer based in Orlando.

Leviton Manufacturing Company,

Little Neck, NY, is celebrating its

100th year in busi-

ness. As part of its

Centennial celebra-

tion, the company

is offering special

programs and promotions during

the year. For more information go to

www.leviton.com

Vincent Lighting Systems, Cleve-

land, OH, has appointed Melissa

Schmidt to product manager, J.R.

Simons to inside product sales and

Brian Bernicken as inside sales rep-

resentative.

In a ceremony held in Boston’s

Faneuil Hall, OSRAM SYLVANIA,

Danvers, MA, was awarded an Envi-

ronmental Merit Award by the New

England region of the U.S. Environ-

mental Protection Agency (EPA) for

its efforts in preserving New Eng-

land’s environment.

Consolidated Edison Company

of New York, Inc. was named by

DiversityInc magazine as one the

country’s top 50 companies for pro-

moting and encouraging diversity in

its workforce. The company ranked

second on the magazine’s overall

list, was named second among com-

peting companies for supplier diver-

sity and placed third on the list of top

companies for Latinos.

the leaders of our industry and are looked upon as such. With lighting edu-

cators like David DiLaura, Fred Oberkircher and Craig Bernecker out there,

I believe we are in good hands.

5. The Manufacturer. There are “lighting manufacturers” and there are

“innovative luminaire design specialists.” This is a tough one for public

branding and I think it really falls both ways on the chart. (I didn’t mention

the manufacturer’s representative since there isn’t much of a connection

between them and the general public. Their relationships tend to stay pri-

marily with the five professional groups I’ve defined.)

WHEN A COKE IS NOT A COKEIn areas of the U.S. such as Tennessee, when you ask for a Coke in a res-

taurant, your waiter’s reply will generally be, “What kind of Coke would you

like? We have Dr. Pepper, Sprite, Root Beer and Coca-Cola.” There, “Coke”

is referred to as a generic brand of soda. In Colorado, however, when you

ask for a Coke, you simply get a Coca-Cola. The point is that your location

has an impact on how you’re branded by the public.

What we need to do as an industry is to correct public perceptions about

our profession. I think we’re well on our way with organizations like the

IESNA, NCQLP, the International Dark-Sky Association, the IALD and local

groups like the DLF (Designers Lighting Forum). In short, we as lighting

professionals, in whatever color hat you may wear, should be aware that

there is a public branding taking place, and we need to set it straight. Next

time you find yourself with a new client, customer or student, take the time

to personally educate them in exactly what you can do for them as a light-

ing professional. Word of mouth goes much further than you may think.

Scott D. Padios is the IESNA Southwest Regional

Vice President

More in ‘06 More in ‘06, a grassroots member recruitment campaign, is underway and

can benefit your local IESNA Section and you, as well. The campaign runs twice

during a given year, the first phase of the current year’s campaign began April 1

and ends August 30—the second begins September 1 and runs through January

31, 2007. More in ‘07 will kick off in February 2007, running through June 30, 2007,

then again September 2007 through January 31, 2008.

The Section with the highest growth (based on percentage increase) during

each campaign phase receives a $1000 grant, a write up in LD+A and recognition

during the Annual Conference. So, there’s the possibility of a Section winning

$1000 twice during a campaign year. The five top individual recruiters from all

Sections will receive a $50 IESNA coupon toward the purchase of publications or

other Society products, a certificate of recognition, an IESNA Ready Reference

and an IESNA golf shirt. Check with your local Section officers for more informa-

tion on how you can help your Section and yourself.

Members In The News(continued)