Project Description

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Reclamation for the Development of Oil and Gas Industrial Base at Kg. Rancha-Rancha, Labuan, F.T., Malaysia

Chapter 2 Project Description

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn. Bhd.

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Project Description

2.1 Introduction

This chapter gives detailed description on the proposed Project which includes the project

location, project concept; project option; as well as the project activities involved.

As mentioned in Chapter 1, this Project involves two (2) sites, i.e. 1) the reclamation site,

where proposed reclamation and capital dredging in near vicinity to attain the required

draft; and 2) the proposed sand borrow site, where sand materials will be extracted and

transported to the reclamation site. Throughout this detailed EIA report, these two sites will

be referred to as the “reclamation site” and the “sand borrow site”.

2.2 Project Location

Reclamation Site

The reclamation site is located at the south western side of Labuan Island at Rancha-

Rancha Industrial area, approximately 3 km from Labuan City and 20 km from Menumbok,

Sabah. The proposed reclamation site covers an area of 200 acres/ 89 hectares. See an

overall view of the reclamation site in Plate 2.1. The project location is illustrated in Figure

2.2.1.

The site is presently accessible via Jalan Patau-Patau, which is the main road connecting

Labuan city to the southern Rancha-Rancha area.

Plate 2.1: Part of the reclamation site viewed from land

The approximate coordinates of the proposed reclamation site boundaries are shown in

Table 2.2.1 and illustrated in Figure 2.2.1.

Chapter

2




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has obtained DEIA approval from DOE. Refer to Appendix 2.2.1 for the relevant

correspondence.

2.3 Project Concept

The main concept of the Project is sea reclamation of a total area of 200 acres/ 89

hectares for the eventual development of an oil and gas industrial base at Kg. Rancha-

Rancha, Labuan. The types of industries to be set up at the reclaimed area proposed are

such as warehouse storage, transportation depot area, petrochemical industries, etc. As

per the present design, the desired finished platform level of the area to be reclaimed is

designed at 3.3 m A.M.S.L. The estimated filling material required is 8 million cubic meters

and this shall be sourced from a sand borrow site offshore of Labuan. The existing water

depth varies from 0 to 7 m at the reclamation site, hence capital dredging at the

reclamation site is required to allow the barges and dredgers to manoeuvre and carry out

the required dredging works. The dredged material has been estimated to be about 9

million cubic meters.

The concept of the proposed Project is in line with the Labuan Draft Master Development

Plan 2030, whereby the vicinity of the proposed reclamation site are all proposed to be

reclaimed and developed as an industrial area. See draft master development plan in

Figure 1.7.1. In order to achieve the overall planning of the proposed development plan,

this reclamation project together with the associated capital dredging and sand borrow

activities was initiated.

2.4 Project Implementation Schedule

The Project is expected to commence in May 2014 and shall be undertaken within a

period of three years (36 months). It is anticipated that the Project will be completed in May

2017. This project implementation period covers the mobilisation of equipment to the

completion of the Project, whereby the reclamation site is ready to be occupied by

industries. The tentative implementation schedule is shown in Table 2.4.1.

Table 2.4.1: Tentative Implementation Schedule

Activity Component Duration

• Mobilization of Equipment, workers 1 to 2 months

• Capital Dredging 8 months

• Construction of temporary bund/ rock revetment 4 months

Reclamation

Stage

• Sand Source Dredging

• Raising of the dredged material to surface and

overflow

• Transportation

• Reclamation

22 months




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Activity Component Duration

Post-Reclamation

Stage

• Ground settling 3 months

2.5 Project Option

2.5.1 Project Siting

Given the limited size of Labuan Island, the location of the reclamation site is considered to

the best available on the following basis:

� The reclamation site is located within Rancha-Rancha Industrial area, which is in

line with the Labuan Draft Master Development Plan 2030.

� There are well established infrastructures and utilities such as road network,

electricity supply, water supply and telecommunication services at Rancha-Rancha

Industrial area. The Project will only require an extension of these existing

infrastructures and utilities.

� The proposed development of the reclaimed area is also to meet the demand of the

expanding oil and gas industries. This need arises also due to the necessity to

generate growth in the country's industrialisation programme.

The location of the sand borrow site, on the other hand is considered to be the best

available site based on the key findings from a hydraulic report1 conducted back in 1998

titled:. In the report, two (2) sand source locations were identified, compared and

assessed.

1 Coastal Hydraulic Modeling Study: Intergrated Port at Rancha-Rancha Wilayah Persekutuan Sabah by Dr Nik &

Associates




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Figure 2.5.1: Sand Borrow Locations

The table below summarises the two (2) sand borrow sites.

Sand Borrow A Sand Borrow B

Distance 9 km southeast of

reclamation site

2 km south of Pulau Daat

7 km southeast of

reclamation site

6km southwest of Pulau

Daat

Sediment Sample Analysis Mainly contain medium

sand

Less than 10% of sand

fraction (mostly silt and clay)

Sediment Plume during

dredging operation

Extent of sediment plume

with concentration >10 g/m3

is localized (within 250 m)

Extent of sediment plume

with concentration > 10 g/m3

is localized (within 250 m)

Impact on current

conditions

The impact on current

condition is small (<0.05

m/s), with slight reduction in

current speed

The impact on current

condition is <0.02 m/s,

which is deemed minimal

The hydraulic study summarises that:

• Sand borrow A contained mainly medium sand composition which is suitable to

be used as reclamation filling materials. In terms of wave and currents impacts,

Sand borrow A has negligible impact on wave and current conditions. The

impact on sand transport and coastal stability during normal conditions is also

considered negligible.

• Sand Borrow B has negligible impacts on nearshore wave, current and sand

transport conditions. However, sediment analysis indicated that the site is not

suitable as sand source since it contains less than 10% of sand fractions.

Sand Borrow B

Sand Borrow A




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� In addition, in lieu of locality, Sand Borrow B is located near to the transportation

route of entering Labuan and main oil and gas pipeline are located adjacent north

east direction. This may pose some hazardous especially to the marine traffic if the

sand extraction were to commence onsite.

� Hence, Sand borrow A was chosen as the proposed sand borrow site for the

proposed reclamation project.

2.5.2 Selection of Fill Material

Fill reclamation can be undertaken using either earth material (dry fill) or sand material

(hydraulic fill) or a combination of both. The land derived material may be obtained by

finding suitable source of earth fill which requires cutting of hills or rock blasting from

nearby quarries and transportation of the fill material to the proposed reclamation site. All

the activities involved will unavoidably cause environmental issue such as air and noise

pollution, traffic and transportation issue to surrounding area due to movement of heavy

vehicles from earth fill to project site.

The quality of the earth material might also not meet the specifications for offshore sand.

Earth material is therefore not recommended for environmental and technical reasons. In

short, sand borrow is more of a preferred option as it can be sourced not too far from the

reclamation site.

2.5.3 Selection of Optimum Dredging Equipment

The selection of optimum dredging equipment and procedure is crucial as it shall

determine the extent sand dredging operation would impact the environment.

The factors which need to be considered in the selection include availability, cost, physical

characteristics of sediment, amount of material to be dredged, depth, physical

environment of dredging site, and contamination level of sediment. The production rate

which is related to the levels of turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) generated

should also be considered.

2.5.3.1 Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

The Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) is the most technologically advanced and

productive type of dredge.




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Plate 2.2: View of Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

Plate2. 3: Cross Section of a Typical Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

Working Principle

A TSHD is a self propelled dredger with hoppers to store dredged material and shall be

employed to dredge unsuitable material from the designated project areas and to transport

this material to an approved offshore disposal site. TSHD is quite flexible in terms of

material to be dredged, placement alternatives, and the ability to work in protected and

unprotected waters. Since they are self-propelled, they can also work in congested areas

with minimum disruption to shipping traffic. A TSHD is commonly used for dredging silty,

sandy or gravely soil or soft clayey soils.




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The dredging systems of a TSHD consist of one or two suction tubes, each driven by a

powerful centrifugal pump, called the sand pump. During the dredging, and in a process,

which is quite similar to the domestic vacuum cleaning, the lower ends of the suction tubes

are trailing along on the seabed, while the sand pumps provide the suction power to lift the

materials form the seabed into the hopper.

Once the TSHD approaches the dredging area, the sailing speed is reduced and the

suction tubes will be hoisted over board and lowered to the seabed.

At the lower end of the suction tube, a special draghead is attached which is designed for

maximizing the dredging production during the loading phase. The suction power is

provided by the sand pump, which is normally installed in the pump room in the engine

rooms of the dredge.

During the dredging, while the dragheads are on the seabed, the hopper dredge will

maintain a low trailing speed. Such trailing speed is depending on the nature of the

materials being dredged.

The materials thus lifted (dredged) from the seabed, will be pumped into the hopper as a

soil/water mixture. Care is needed to minimise the water content in the mixture.

Overflowing

It is economic to allow a certain degree of overflowing. This means that, while the solid in

the dredged soil/water mixture will settle in the hopper due to gravity forces, the excess

water is discharged via an adjustable overflow system.

The overflow, which is built inside the hopper, consists of an in height adjustable funnel

mounted on top of a vertical cylinder which ends under the keel of the dredge. The excess

water is discharged under the dredge, which is the lowest level possible, thus minimizing

the dispersion of fines into the surrounding waters.

Further, the design of the overflow is such that, by avoiding the entrapment of air in the

overflow water, a minimum turbidity is created.

In case where overflowing is environmentally prohibited, it is possible to monitor the filling

process precisely using the highly computerized dredging process parameters. Sensors

installed above the hopper will keep track of the height of fluids inside the hopper. By

comparing this to the height of the overflow funnels, the filling process will be stopped

when the fluids reach the funnel level.




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Plate 2.4: View of Cutter Suction Dredger

2.5.3.2 Grab Dredger / Clamshell Dredger

The Grab Dredger (GD) typically comprises a clamshell grab, wire suspended from a

crane that is mounted on a pontoon or a vessel. Dredged material is normally loaded into

barges moored alongside the pontoon that is either moored by anchors or hydraulically

lowered legs (spuds).

.

Plate 2.5: View of Grab Dredger




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Working Principal

A Grab Dredger is a stationary dredger, moored on anchors or on spud-poles. The

dredging tool is a grab normally consisting of two half-shells operated by wires or (electro)-

hydraulically. The grab can be mounted on a dragline or on a hydraulic excavator of the

backhoe type. Many modifications of grabs have been constructed like (top) open grab,

(top) closed grabs and watertight grabs. The grab dredger is used in harbours; the

dragline type also in deep water. The dredged material is loaded in barges.

Grab dredgers, sometimes called clamshells, can exist in pontoon and self-propelled

forms, the latter usually including a hopper within the vessel. The pontoon type grab

dredger again comprises a rectangular pontoon on which is mounted a revolving crane

equipped with a grab. The extraction operation consists of lowering the grab to the bottom,

closing the grab, raising the filled grab to the surface and loading the contents into a barge

or, if appropriate, onto the adjoining bank. The size of this type is determined by the

capacity of the grab bucket, which can vary between 1.0 and 20 m³, depending upon the

crane power.

The self-propelled grab hopper dredger is basically a ship which has one or more dredging

cranes mounted around a receiving hopper. It is easily moved from site to site under its

own power and also transports the dredged material to the relocation area. The size of this

type of dredger is expressed in terms of the hopper capacity and can range from 100 to

about 2,500 m³. The smaller vessels have a single crane, but some of the larger craft have

up to four. Production depends upon crane and grab size, water depth and, in the case of

the self-propelled variety, on the distance to the material relocation site.

Grab dredgers are usually held in position while working by anchors and moorings but a

few are fitted with a spud, or pile, which can be dropped onto the bottom while the dredger

is operating.

A wire line grab generally produces an irregular bottom profile with peaks and troughs and

is thus most suited to bulk excavation. The grab is a relatively simple and inexpensive

machine and performs best in consolidated silt, clays and loose sand, but the large, heavy

versions are good for removing rubbish, old piles, rubble and similar obstructions. Grabs

can also be used effectively for removing material from close to quay walls and in corners

of docks and basins that are otherwise difficult to access. A basic grab dredger can be

quickly and economically made tip from conventional land machines securely fixed to

pontoons for short term ad hoc tasks, but care needs to be taken to check stability.

2.5.3.3 Backhoe Dredger

The Backhoe Dredger (BHD) is similar to a land-based excavator mounted at one end of a

pontoon. For smaller work, a land-based excavator is often simply mounted on a barge.

For good leverage, the pontoon is fixed in position by spuds (support legs) pushed into the

seabed. The size of the excavator and of the bucket varies with the nature of the material

to be dredged and the maximum dredging depth. The excavator loads into hopper barges

that are towed to the disposal location.




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Plate 2.6: View of Backhoe Dredger

Working Principal

A Backhoe Dredger is a stationary dredger, moored on anchors or on spud-poles. A spud

is a large pole that can anchor a ship while allowing a rotating movement around the point

of anchorage. Small backhoe dredgers can be track mounted and work from the banks of

ditches. A backhoe dredger is a hydraulic excavator equipped with a half open shell. This

shell is filled moving towards the machine. Usually the dredged material is loaded in

barges. This machine is mainly used in harbours and other shallow waters

The wire operated excavator unit has now been largely superseded by hydraulically

operated backhoe machines. These operate more efficiently than the face shovel. The

size of a backhoe dredger is described by the bucket capacity, which can vary between

0.5 and 13 m³. Production is dependent upon bucket size and the hardness of the

material. Breakout forces in excess of 90 t can be exerted by the larger machines, and

because of the very high horizontal loads developed by the jigging action the backhoe

dredger usually works on spuds. These are heavy pile-like structures which can be

dropped into the sea-bed by the dredger. Two spuds are mounted at the digging end of

the backhoe pontoon to provide resistance and one backhoe excavator is very efficient

and has good vertical and horizontal control; carefully worked it will produce a smooth

profile. Because the bucket is heavy and relatively rigid, care needs to be taken to avoid

damage to such features as quay walls and canal linings.

See Table 2.5.1and Table 2.5.2 for a summary of comparisons of the various dredgers

described above




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Table 2.5.1: Summary of Various Dredgers

Dredger Type Site Condition

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD)

Grab Dredger Backhoe Dredger

Bed Material

Fine Material 1 1 2 2

Sea Conditions

Impounded 2 1 1 2

Sheltered Water 1 1 1 1

Exposed Water 2 3 3 2

Note: 1 = suitable ; 2 = acceptable ; 3 = marginal

Table 2.5.2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Dredgers

Dredger Type Advantages Disadvantages

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

� Has the ability to dredge nearly

all soils, particularly efficient in

silts and sands,

� Generates relatively low levels

of turbidity during typical

dredge operations,

� Most can work in adverse

weather and sea conditions,

� Independent, flexible operation,

easy to change location of

dredging to suit weather or

shipping,

� Manoeuvrable within the

confines of the harbour

channel,

� Minimal effect on shipping,

� Able to transport material

relatively long distances,

� Relatively high rate of

production (1,000 – 12,500

m³/hr depending on hopper

size, soil and sailing distances.

� Requires sufficient water

depth in the dredging and

disposal areas and on route

between the two,

� Inability to work in confined

areas,

� Variation in over-dredging

depending on soil conditions,

vessel size and weather

conditions,

� Cohesive material can prove

difficult to discharge from

hopper, and

� Suspension of silty dredging

materials can generate high

turbidity during the loading

process if dredging beyond

overflow

Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD)

� Can convey the dredged

material direct to an adjacent

disposal or reclamation area, or

onto a barge,

� Has the ability to dredge an

� Limited workability under

medium wave conditions,

� Moored with spuds and/or

ropes, can form an obstruction

to navigation and shipping,




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accurate profile and hence

minimise the volume of

dredged material as a result of

over-dredging,

� Can dredge by excavating a

path forward when dredging

shallow areas such as for

widening the swinging basin,

� Relatively high rate of

production (500 to 3,000 m³/hr,

depending on vessel size,

barge hopper capacity, and soil

type).

� Barge overflows can create

significant turbidity,

� Working in non-overflowing

mode would require the

maximum amount of barges

plus tugs at considerable cost,

� Inflexible to change of

location.

Grab Dredger � Can dredge by excavating a

path forward when dredging

shallow areas such as for

widening the swinging basin,

� Suited for dredging confined

areas and for a range of

depths; and

� Can dredge loose to

moderately packed soils, such

as clayey silts and loose

� Unproductive dredging hard

soils or rock;

� Limited in high wave or

current conditions,

� Relatively low productivity

(100 – 800 m³/hour depending

on grab size and material),

� Can produce comparatively

high turbidity but can utilise

special grabs,

� Needs to load barges and to

move position periodically,

� Suitable access required for

tugs and barges,

� Not easily moved out of

shipping lanes.

� Greater dredging tolerance

required.

Backhoe Dredger � Can dredge soil, especially

cohesive soils, with little water

added and hence load the

barges efficiently without

overflow;

� Can dredge effectively in

confined areas,

� Position and excavation depth

� Unproductive dredging hard

soils or rock;

� Dredging depth is limited to

the length of the excavator

dipper arm,

� Relatively low productivity

rates (200 – 800 m³/hr

depending on material and




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control is very accurate,

reducing required over-depth to

deliver accurate profiles

bucket size),

� Working on spuds cannot

move easily out of shipping

lanes,

� Can produce comparatively

high turbidity in mud / silt

materials, unless specific

buckets are used which

further reduce output.

With the comparisons made above, basing on manoeuvrability and the existing seabed

conditions in the proposed sites to be reclaimed (and dredged); as well as the sand borrow

site, the use of TSHD and CSD appear to be the most suitable for this Project. .

2.5.4 No Project Option

The benefits of considering the “No Project Option” will be the absence of all

environmental impacts predicted in Chapter 4 and its associated costs as a result of the

proposed Project.

However, the “No Project Option” should also be weighed against the potential losses of

social, economic as well as some environmental benefits. These potential losses are

further described below:

1. Social Benefits

(a) Development of the local population with more job opportunities, better public

services which will encourage the locals to stay instead of migrating to other

cities in search of jobs.

(b) Opportunities to improve standard of living and quality of life at Kg Rancha-

Rancha area in general through demands and provisions of better

infrastructure, improved health centres, basic necessities and treated water,

electricity and sanitation system.

2. Economic Benefits

(a) Project employment of locals during reclamation stages.

(b) Local economic benefits for local businesses or individuals which may be

sourced for supply of goods and services to the Project during the

reclamation stage of the Project.

(c) The statement of need outlined in Chapter 1 clearly spells out the subsequent

development of the reclaimed area to meet the demand of the expanding oil




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and gas industries. This need arises also due to the necessity to generate

growth in the country's industrialisation programme.

2.6 Project Activities

The main activities proposed as part of the Project and encompassed by this DEIA report

include:

� Pre-reclamation stage;

� Site preparation stage;

� Reclamation stage; and

� Post reclamation stage.

2.6.1 Pre-Reclamation Stage

Pre-reclamation activities will include environmental assessment, topographical and

hydrographical surveys, bathymetry survey, current measurement and consultations with

relevant agencies with regards to make and obtain necessary applications and approvals,

respectively.

Workboats and survey boats shall be used for the purpose of bathymetric surveys, current

measurement, sampling of water and sediment quality and marine ecological survey.

Stakeholder consultation (public dialogue and one to one social surveys) has also been

held to gauge the perception of the nearby residents regarding the proposed Project. The

details of the public dialogue can be referred to in Section 3.4.2.3.1, Chapter 3 of this

DEIA report.

2.6.2 Site Preparation Stage

2.6.2.1 Establishment of Site Office/ Base Camp

The tentative location of the site office and base camp is south east of the project site.

Site facilities (if any) will need to be constructed as follows:

� There will need to be a site office consisting of meeting rooms and offices for

contractors, resident engineer and clerk of works;

� The site office will need to be equipped with basic office utilities such as telephone,

fax line;

� Site utilities will need to consist of water, electric supply and telecommunication

services. Toilets or mobile toilet for site staff will also need to be provided;




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2.6.2.2 Recruitment of Labour Force

The Project shall demand a group of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers for its

development. The general man power requirement for this Project is anticipated to be as

follows:

� Project Manager

� Project Engineer

� Supervisor

� Foreman

� Workers (machine/dredger operators and general workers)

� Watchman

However the exact number of recruitment could not be provided at this stage as the

contractor for the Project is yet to be appointed.

2.6.2.3 Mobilization of Equipment and Workers

Mobilization of equipment shall include:

� Transportation of all equipment such as workboats to the reclamation site where

they are to be utilized; and

� Transportation of workers, staff and personnel to the site;

2.6.2.4 Construction of Bund/ Revetments

Permanent protection along the sea frontage should be completed as soon as possible to

avoid any prolonged released of sediments into the marine environment. Shore protection

works for land reclamation includes temporary bunds which serve to protect the reclaimed

land from erosion as effect of waves and current. Armor rocks, concrete units and smaller

rocks are normally used during the reclamation of the shore protection works. In general,

the hydraulic loads exerted on short protection works are in the form of wind waves, ship

waves, tidal levels, wind waves and currents. The specification of the armor rocks and

cornet unit will be carried out in the detailed design phase taking the above factors into

consideration.

a) Placing geotextile, bedding-fill and armor stone

Geotextile is used to prevent the underlying sand layer penetrating into the upper

rock later and from there bring flushed out into the marine environment. On land,

placing of geotextile will be done manually with the aid of hydraulic crawler or

excavator. In areas below 0 m chart datum, the geotextile will be laid by the floating

crane using mechanical means with the assistance if divers under water.




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b) Sheet Pilling

As the proposed capital dredging is -10 m AMSL, some of the area is not suitable to

construct the temporary bunding, hence, sheet piling is proposed to act as a

cofferdam before any reclamation activities is commenced.

Sheet piling is a manufactured construction product with a mechanical connection

“interlock” at both ends of the section. These mechanical connections interlock with

one another to form a continuous wall of sheeting. Sheet pile applications are

typically designed to create a rigid barrier for earth and water, while resisting the

lateral pressures of those bending forces. Hence, sheet piling will be an optimum

choice to act as temporary bund prior any reclamation activities.

Plate 2.7: View of an example of sheet piling

2.6.2.5 Site Clearing and Biomass Disposal

No site clearing will be required at the project site as reclamation does not involve the

mainland. Hence, no vegetative waste is anticipated to be generated.

2.6.2.6 Waste Management

The main types of waste generated as a result of the project activities are as follows:

� Reclamation wastes such as stones, earth and sand;

� Domestic/solid wastes from workers on-site

� Scheduled wastes consisting of materials such as spent oil and grease, lubricants,

paint, etc, which usually arise from the maintenance of machinery and equipment

and construction works;

� Sewage from temporary toilets from the workers’ quarters; and site office.

The following will be adopted by the Project Proponent in its waste management plan:




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� Sufficient collection bins will be provided to collect wastes from the workers’ quarter

and construction site. These wastes will be collected, transported and disposed off

at an approved landfill site.

� All sewage discharge to be directed into septic tanks. Direct disposal into

waterways is prohibited.

� Scheduled waste will be disposed off as per requirement of DOE (see Appendix

2.5.2). A licensed DOE scheduled waste collector should be hired to collect the

scheduled waste generated prior for final disposal.

� Vegetative spoils and removed stumps would be stockpiled within the work site

prior to disposal at an approved site. Some of the vegetative residues may be used

for mulch. Open burning within the Project site is strictly prohibited.

2.6.3 Reclamation Stage

The sequence of works during the reclamation stage is as follows:

� Capital dredging at reclamation site;

� Dredging at sand borrow site; and

� Reclamation at reclamation site.

2.6.3.1 Capital Dredging at Reclamation Site

Capital dredging works at the reclamation site is envisaged to dredge for the approach

channel and re-handling basin2. These works are essential to accommodate the required

draft of 10 m to allow for construction barges and tug boat to manoeuvre and carry out the

required dredging works. The tentative location of the capital dredging can be referred to in

Figure 2.6.1 (outlined in blue as area to be dredged to -10m MSL). The anticipated

dredger to be utilized onsite is trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD) or Cutter Suction

Dredger (CSD). More details on TSHD and CSD have been elaborated in Section 2.6.3.2.

The dredged material shall be transported via floating pipeline/split hopper barges for

disposal. A Sedimentation basin will be located at the north of the reclamation site. The

dredged materials will be settled at the sedimentation basin and will be transported for

land disposal. See tentative location in Figure 2.6.1.

2 Rehandling basin is basically an area to be used temporarily to receive dredged material

that can later be rehandled by hydraulic pipeline dredger into the placement area.




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Figure 2.6.1: Tentative location of capital dredging

2.6.3.2 Dredging At Sand Borrow Site

2.6.3.2.1 Dredging the Filling Material

The Project Proponent is yet to engage a contractor for the dredging and reclamation

works. Hence the type of dredger is not finalized yet. However, based on the scale of the

Project, the anticipated dredgers involved will either be a Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD) or

a Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD). The detailed working principles of both

dredgers are described in the Section 2.5.3.

Sailing to discharge point

As soon as the TSHD or CSD is fully loaded, the suction tubes will be hoisted back

onboard and course will be set towards the area for unloading the hopper dredge. During

the transit the hopper dredge sails as a regular cargo vessel.

Placement

There are several ways to discharge the hopper load, which is not decided yet as no

contractor is appointed for the work yet.

a) Bottom dumping

The fastest way to unload the hopper is by discharging the load through the opened

bottom doors of the hopper. Waterjets inside the hopper will ensure the hopper is

completely empty and free of any dredged spoil prior to closing the bottom doors.




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b) Pumping ashore

Some TSHD are equipped with pumping ashore facilities. This enables the hopper

load to be pumped via a combination of a floating pipeline and shore pipelines

directly into a reclamation area onshore. To this end a coupling system will be

prepared consisting of a flexible floating pipeline with at its seaside end a special

bow connection piece. The other end is connected to the shore pipeline.

The hopper dredge, upon arrival at the coupling area, will be connected via the bow

connection on board to this floating pipeline.

Now the jets in the hopper will fluidize the sand in the hopper. The sand pumps will

pump this fluidized mixture of sand and water through the pipelines to the

reclamation area.

For sections where the pipeline route has to cover large distances over water or

where the pipeline has to cross a surf zone of a shipping channel, a submerged

pipeline, resting on the seabed will be chosen.

2.6.3.3 Reclamation Activities at Reclamation site

Generally, the reclamation work will extend the existing land area by about 1 km seaward.

The present water depth in this area varies from 0 to 10 m. This shall need to be raised to

the proposed finished platform level of 3.3 m AMSL.

At this stage, the reclamation activities will be solely earthwork related activities such as

filling, compaction by heavy machinery such as bulldozers, excavators, etc. The

reclamation activity will commence from east to south western direction. Refer to Figure

2.6.2 for the tentative reclamation plan.




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Figure 2.6.2Tentative Reclamation Phasing Plan

2.6.4 Post Reclamation

The post reclamation stage is defined as the stage whereby dredging and reclamation

stage is completed. Minor earthwork – compaction activities via compactor or excavator is

envisaged to make sure the filling material is evenly spread out when a dry level is

achieved. The area will be left to settle for one (1) to three (3) months.

2.6.5 Potential Abandonment

Abandonment of the Project may occur at any stage of the Project. Reasons for

abandonment may occur due to economic downturn, socially unacceptability of the Project

in the general public's view, unforeseen management and technical problems arising

during the implementation of the Project and changes in Government policy on nature of

the Project.

If the Project is abandoned following commencement of reclamation activities, the

reclamation and sand borrow site will be in a state whereby erosion of bunding/revetment

structure caused by wave and currents and hence causing water pollution. In addition,

machinery and equipment may be left over during the abandonment, therefore when the

Project is abandoned, a restoration programme shall be executed, which will include the

removal of all machinery and equipment from both the reclamation and sand borrow sites.

The restoration programme will ensure that the sites are left in a stable condition where

environmental impact is minimal, and will ensure the suitability of the sites for future use (in

particular the reclamation site).

For this development, project abandonment is very unlikely in view of the Project

Proponent's sound management and the essential need of developing the Rancha-

Rancha Industrial area in response to the rapid growth of oil and gas industries, as well as

in fulfillment of the Labuan Draft Master Development Plan 2030.

Project Description

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