“PRESERVATION” Project for videotapes digitisation, logging ...

Document: The MediaPower project for

Videotapes digitisation and logging

for FD.docx

EMEA SALES – SPECIAL OPS TEAM Date: 23 January 2012

PUBLIC PROJECT OUTLINE FOR CUSTOMER Author: Paolo Birra ([email protected])

Media Power S.r.l. of 14

CODENAME: “PRESERVATION”

Project for videotapes digitisation, logging

and archive for FutureDigital (Asia)

Abstract: "Preservation is the totality of the steps necessary to ensure the permanent

accessibility – forever - of an audiovisual document with the maximum integrity".

I. INTRODUCTION

Digitisation Overview

Many activities contribute to “permanent accessibility – forever”. Just now, in the years of

the 21st century, we are at a stage where much audiovisual material from the 20th century is

in analogue form – and most of the options for trying to obtain “permanent accessibility –

forever” are digital options. So digitisation is of huge significance just now, as one of “the

steps necessary to ensure … permanent accessibility”.

Our project goal is the following: make access copies onto digital format that in some cases

are in no way a replacement for the original – but they take pressure off the original, allowing

it to be kept untouched in cold dry conditions with very limited use of masters.

Our archive copies are as close as technically possible to the originals and can be used within

this digital production and logging solution for the creation of ‘new masters’.

Also digitisation scope here is to produce a ‘digital intermediate’ before finally producing a

new digital master. This in order to use digital technology for restoration – because there are

many defects that can be removed digitally in ways that could not be attempted by analogue

processing.

Metadata Overview

Data Selection Consideration

In large scale projects, like this one, digitisation strategy is the key.



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Selection: which material goes first?

There is a lot of information about selection. Most managed collections already have

considerable experience of selection, including:

• Selection of the material coming into the collection

• Review of material at regular intervals, to decide about further retention

For a digitisation and preservation process, the issue of selection begins with setting priorities.

Generally there are the following major factors to consider:

• Value of the material

• Obsolescence of the format

• Condition and life expectancy

For this specific project, we do expect that the Customer has already made a map of the

collection – so these factors have already been assessed, and the collection has been divided

into broad categories. The work that remains is to make another sort of map: a preservation

plan covering the entire time necessary to deal with all your preservation needs. This can

range from a 6-month plan to transfer a small amount of material from videotape to files, to a

10-year plan for the storage and metadata logging of an entire collection.

A preservation strategy is not a full preservation plan. For the strategy, the issue is sequence

and timescale. All the elements in the preservation map that need attention are put in a

priority sequence – and time information is added according to how long you want the work

to last, or how long the funding lasts, or how long the material itself will last.

II. USING NEW TECHNOLOGY

Operational Area Dividers (OAD)

The purpose of the following chapter is to categorize the sub-elements (OAD = Operational

Area Dividers) of the processing in four areas, as shown below:

• DIGANN: the digitisation of analogue media or Non-Native-File media. (This is mainly

the FrontPorch Digital solution natively interfaced with the Dalet solution).

• CLEAV: clean-up of degraded audio and video signals. (This is the Dalet solution

interfaced with the existing AVID)

• MIRP: medatata ingestion, retrieval and publication. (This is the Dalet solution).

• DISAM: all of the above are sitting on a managed digital storage and asset manager

platform. (this is the combination of the following elements: the storage from NetApp,

the MAM from Dalet, the Archive solution from FrontPorch Digital)

Theory Of Operations

As per the design of the solution there is a single possible scenery of operation, with a single

variable, that is the optional use of an automatic video cassette preservation tool that is



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auspicated will run unsupervised and unattended as much as possible, night and day, so that

it can transfer 24h/24 massive amounts of videotapes.

The system will be autonomous, in the sense it will transfer, without operator intervention,

programmes stored on cassettes, detect when the transfer quality is lower than expected, and

take appropriate actions (re-clean, apply specific processes, try another VTR... and reject if

necessary).

The transferred programmes will be stored on datafiles, in concurrent multiple formats (i.e.

the high quality preservation format and the browsing quality available via web interface),

and automatically copied onto one or more (for security reasons) LTO-5 Digital Tapes

The system will store information (PREPDATA) on the position of drop-outs, RF level, and

other relevant information, in the view of preparing possible subsequent restoration.

System supervisor each work shift can evaluate the PREPDATA analysis and assign resources

to proceed with the two following non recursive path:

• If the digital material is badly damaged action is taken to move it to Avid for digital

restoration process. After that the “new” DI asset is re-inventored into the MAM for

proper metadata logging. The subsequent user choice prompts to maintain the new DI

as well as the original uncutted, unlogged and unrestored, or to delete the master in

favor of the new digital copy.

• If the digital material appears to be within the Customer standards for the media

usability the asset is processed directly into the Dalet MAM for the propr metadata

logging. The entire process is applied to the low quality proxy media, while the high

quality preservation asset is already safely stored onto one or multiple LTO-5 tapes, as

well is maintained online for a certain period of time (or undefinitely, mainly

depending from the Customer investment onto the online storage and Customer

policies about the media availability

As we said before the single variable in this project it the use or not the automatic migration

robotic tool. The following chapter explain in details the solution advantages of using it, while

the NON-USE scenario is provided in the subsequent chapter about the Dalet media asset

management.

III. Automatic Content Migration

Relief Of Time, Money, Resources with the SAMMA technology

SAMMA Robot from Front Porch Digital efficiently migrates archival videotapes to digital files.

SAMMA Robot are designed to migrate up to seven videotapes simultaneously, to one or

several simultaneous digital file formats. SAMMA Robot integrates robotic tape handling

systems with proprietary signal analysis technologies, automating repetitive tasks while

delicately handling tapes. SAMMA Robot evaluates, monitors and documents the migration

process and acts to identify and correct problems.



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SAMMA Robot’s intelligent quality control system ensures that videotape media is migrated

correctly, without human intervention.

The final product is multiple file copies at preservation quality along with metadata that

reports the quality of the original master.

Operating environment

SAMMA Robot can work on a continuous basis – 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Labor is

reduced to the simple tasks of prepping tapes for migration and loading/unloading the

robotic tape handler bins. SAMMA Robot runs on standard power and requires no special

cooling.

Migration workflow

Using the SAMMA Prepcart, library staff will accession videotapes and import their barcodes

and other metadata to the SAMMA database. Metadata about the videotape collection may

come from library’s existing database(s), the SAMMA accessioning workflow, or both.

The SAMMA system can use the library’s existing barcodes or generate new barcodes as

required.

Library staff brings groups of videotapes to the Robot and insert them in bins, removing any

tapes already migrated. The SAMMA operator uses the SAMMA Robot application to initiate a

scan of the barcodes on the tapes in the bins. When the barcodes have been read and

identified in the SAMMA database, the SAMMA operator clicks “Start” and is then free to

return to other duties.

When the tapes in the Robot have been migrated, the SAMMA operator repeats the process.

The SAMMA system can be programmed to notify the SAMMA operator by email or cell phone

SMS etc. At the end of each tape’s migration, the SAMMA Solo application performs post-

migration commands such as calculating a SHA-1 checksum and moving the migration’s file

set to long term archival storage.

We do recommends copying the output XML files and proxies to online storage where various

Dalet MAM can begin viewing them for the proper metadata logging.

Inspection of video cassettes and data entry

A user’s pre-existing data such as tape IDs, titles, barcode numbers, etc., is imported from

their database into the SAMMA PrepCart. This is useful for keeping pre-existing tape library

metadata in context with the metadata created by SAMMA systems and importing it all back

to the user’s database later. It is also useful in checking that the label of the videotape cassette

is identical to that found in the imported data for a particular barcode or tape ID. SQL

database is used internally, so any standard SQL query can be employed by the user. User data

can even be imported to the database from a CSV file.

The first step in the tape preparation process is for the operator to select the tapes to be

migrated from the media archive. Next, the operator scans the barcode on the storage media



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case (if there is one) and ensures that the information contained in the operator’s database

matches the information on the storage media case label. An inspection process is then

performed in accordance with the training provided, and covers typical observable defects

that can disqualify a media item from automatic processing. The operator makes a

determination as to whether the storage media passes or fails each inspection step. For all

storage media the database generates a unique identifier compliant with SMPTE Unique

Material Identifier (UMID) naming convention, optionally used as a barcode number. Or the

user can scan any pre-existing barcode. The optional barcode is then automatically printed

and the operator affixes it to the media. The UMID barcode ties that specific videotape to the

media database.

Load cassettes into system and upload related metadata into system

�To begin the migration process, the operator loads prepped tapes into the robotic system.

The operator closes the loading door on the robot and begins the migration. By scanning the

UMID barcode on the videotapes inside the robot, the system verifies the contents of its

internal library. This information is retrieved from the central database.Set system

parameters for each jobProduct ships from the factory with standard settings and templates,

customized for the user if necessary.Templates can be changed but once set up, templates

probably do not need to be changed by the day-to-day user, and in fact it may be undesirable

to change them during the course of migrating a tape collection because the user may prefer

to migrate all of the collection’s video with the same settings and workflow policiesSimple

digitization process

To begin the migration process, the operator loads prepped tapes into the robotic system. The

operator closes the loading door on the robot and clicks Start to begin a scan of the barcodes

on the tapes. If any barcodes are unrecognized, or any VTRs are out of service, they are

highlighted in red text with a description of the error. The system can be programmed to

automatically initiate a number of functions when the tapes are finished such as email the

operator, begin a batch process to move or backup files etc.

Monitor the system, processes, and errors

SAMMA Solo’s Analysis Engine™ and SAMMA Eye™ can automatically monitor repair and log

video and audio quality for every frame of video. Analysis Engine offers signal processing:

• Full Frame Synchronizer

• RF Dropout Compensation

• Time Code Reader/Generator

• Digital Comb Filter

• AGC (Auto Gain Control)

• ACC (Auto Chroma Control)

• CTI (Chroma Transition Improvement)

• NR (Digital Noise Reduction)

Clean and re-tension tapes (OPTIONAL)

SAMMA Clean videotape cleaning machine reconditions various formats of tape in order to

extend the life of the tape, reduce the number of defects due to dirt deposit, and recognize



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physical defects in the tape. The videotape cleaning machine is also a tool to help identify

potential problems that may occur in a recorder such as poor tape packing and tension

control.In a single cycle (forward and reverse) the videotape cleaning machine optically

inspects and cleans the tape with the assistance of two types of optical sensors. One sensor

measures the width of the tape with maximum precision, a long-term change in width means

that a fold, stretching or major damage exists. The other sensor measures the light reflected

from the tape- a change in the quantity of light reflected means that surface damage

exists.The optional SAMMA Clean videotape cleaning machine is available for U-Matic, VHS,

and Betacam family videotape cassettes.

When the cleaner is inside the robot, each tape is cleaned and replaced in its bin, ready for

migration when a VTR becomes available. If the cleaner is outside the SAMMA Robot, the tape-

prep operator notates each tape’s cleaning status in the accessioning procedure. Either way,

every tape’s cleaning status is reported in SAMMA Robot’s XML output files.

Tapes may be cleaned inside or outside the Robot, or skipped altogether if a collection is

known to be clean and ready for migration, users can choose the most efficient time and place

to clean tapes on a per-shelf or per- collection basis. For example, cleaning and accessioning

can begin ahead of a Robot’s installation, saving weeks and months of irreplaceable time

when collections are housed in multiple locations or when Robots are shared among libraries.

It is recommended that older U-Matic videotapes are cleaned outside the robot.

Analyze video recording for defects, create and save a defect log for each recording

Well over 200 metrics about the analog video and analog signal and the migration process are

found in SAMMA Solo’s XML output file including file names, destinations, encoder settings,

timings, video measurements, checksums and so on. SAMMA Solo can read a migration’s XML

and graphically show its video and audio levels, drop outs and RF level, input presence and

servo lock, with scrolling and magnification. This can be useful in many ways including

logging, detecting video problems etc. The XML graphs can be saved as PDF files and viewed

at a later date on an external computer.

Digitize the video recording

With SAMMA Eye the user can pre-set up to six sensitivity thresholds and if those levels

continue beyond the user defined duration, SAMMA Solo can be set to automatically end a

migration to avoid wasting time and storage, or to detect video segments for logging purposes

etc.

SAMMA Eye performs three key functions during a migration:

1. Detect the end of programming and end the migration to save time and storage.

2. Monitor levels and log above-threshold excursions into the XML file.

3. See potential problems in the source video and if desired, end migration as an Error.

- The length of each Threshold’s ‘Duration’ effectively sets its priority to function

as a trigger. Shorter durations will trigger first, longer durations will trigger

later etc.



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- ‘Servo Lock Threshold’ might be set to the shortest duration because without

servo lock, the other Thresholds trigger anyway.

- ‘Input Loss Threshold’ might be set to fairly soon after Servo Lock to detect no

video even if the tape is still playing.

- ‘Black Threshold’ and ‘RF Threshold’ might be set soon after Input Loss to

detect the end of video recording, but maybe with another

- ‘Audio Threshold’ might be set last to detect an audio problem when the video

is OK.

- ‘Drop out Threshold’ might be set the shortest of all to detect damaged

videotape or a clogged head in the source VTR.

User selectable error correction for defects:

• SAMMA Solo offers several automated error correction processes for tape and

signal defects.

• ‘Comb Filter’ reduces interference between color and luminance in composite

(CVBS) video. Enabling the Comb Filter reduces “hanging dots” (dot crawl) and

cross-color artifacts.

• ‘Decoder AGC’ is Automatic Gain Control. The input video’s sync amplitude is

measured and the entire signal, including active video, is increased or decreased

until sync is corrected to standard levels.

• ‘Decoder ACC’ is Automatic Chroma Control. The input video’s color-burst is

measured and the chroma signal, including active video, is increased or decreased

until chroma is corrected to standard levels. This setting does not affect component

video inputs.

• ‘Decoder CTI’ is Chroma Transition Improvement, and sharpens the edges of

colored objects.Setting Decoder CTI to ‘ON’ challenges video compression

encoders to spend more bits on tracking those sharper edges so some users reserve

it for higher bit rate encodings. This setting does not affect Component video inputs.

• ‘Decoder NR’ is digital noise reduction. Analog tapes, particularly U-matic and VHS,

can be very noisy. Removing any portion of the noise can dramatically improve the

quality of video compression so the normal setting is ON. The user may insert

external noise reduction equipment in the path between the source VTR and Solo

and in that case, Analysis Engine’s noise reduction should be set to OFF. This

setting does not affect component video inputs.

• ‘RF Dropout Compensator’ – U-matic tape machines have an “RF out” which is an

analog level indicating the amplitude of the RF carrier recovered from the

videotape. If the RF level drops below a preset threshold, there will be no visible

video, resulting in a dropout. When this occurs, the Analysis engine replaces that

segment of missing video with video from the same area of the picture in the

preceding frame of video.

Selectable signal and image processing

At the start of a migration working shift or workday, checking that the source VTR is

calibrated so a collection of migrations will remain consistent in its video and audio levels is



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recommended. Calibration tapes are provided for the videotape format configured in the

SAMMA robot. If the VTR calibration check returns an error message, the VTR may need

service.

‘Proc Amp Controls’ are available for video adjustments. When using these controls, a

waveform monitor and vector scope are recommended to see their effects and avoid ‘illegal’

(outside standard) settings. Settings are saved in templates, which can be helpful when a

collection of videotapes will benefit from consistent adjustments.

Each one of the correction settings such as AGC, ACC, CTI, etc, can be switched on or off

depending on the requirements of the project. These settings are retained in the SAMMA

setup template and are used for each migration until the template is changed by someone

with administrator privileges.

Output digital video

Source video and audio is digitized to the CCIR 601 standard (SDI), frame-synchronized and

time-base corrected.This SDI signal is internally routed to video encoders along with a

stream of the source analog video and analog audio source for monitoring.

Short-term storage of digital files produced during a migration the digital video files and data

are cached on SAMMA Solo’s internal E: drive. The user can choose to monitor the migrating

video and audio for logging or other reasons, or attend to other duties and return when the

migration is complete, letting SAMMA Solo determine when the migration should end

according to user settings like a long time of black, a time code mark out, a preset duration, a

threshold of time with no video or servo lock etc.

When the user agrees that the migration is complete the cached files are wrapped and written

to an F:\Success folder on SAMMA Solo’s internal RAID-0 disk array for retrieval by the

Dalet’s deeper storage and asset management system. SAMMA Solo can also write finished

files to any networked destination. All encoded files can be “pulled” from SAMMA Robot’s

F:\Success directory, or “pushed” by Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) to any directory of

the user’s choosing, local or remote, from Robot’s two standard Gigabit Ethernet connections

(RJ45). With DIVArchive software (provided) the user can archive files into the tape library

and automatically get some of the metadata into DIVAdirector.

Track entire process and create/save an audit trail or log file documenting each step and the

entire process for each recording

SAMMA Solo creates more than 200 fields of metadata during a videotape migration, plus 38

fields of metadata about every frame of video. When saved as a XML file, a typical video

migration’s metadata file size can be on the order of 30 MB or more.

SAMMA Solo metadata types include:

• Configurations and template (.sxt) used for this migrationAnalysis Engine, SAMMA

Eye and video encoder settings for this migration

• Tape Details about this migration such as barcode, tape ID, description, user name,

sequence (# of #), Comments, cleaning and inspection status etc. Migration results

(log)

• Settings and information about the output files (video and XML) generated during this

migration including Locations, names, sizes, elapsed time, SHA-1 checksum values etc.



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• Settings and information about the Source VTR used for this migration

• Settings and information about the Dub VTR and/or external encoder used for this

migration (if any)

• Networking information about SAMMA’s current Ethernet connection and directories

• Information about SAMMA’s factory build (software versions etc.)

• Number of video frames sampled in this migration, and frame-by-frame data about

each:

o Frame index, frame count

o Input presence, color presence

o Time code, time code user groups

o RF level, RF warning, RF alarm, RF head difference warning; servo lock

o Dropout compensation length, number, warning, alarm

o Missing horizontal pulse count; noise level; motion detect

o Luminance average, peak; chroma U maximum, minimum, average; chroma V

maximum, minimum, average

o Audio level average, peak, silence (four channels)

IV. Ruling The MAM

Media Foundation Combined with Off-The-Shelves Technologies

At the core of our offer is DaletPlus, a powerful Media Asset Management and Workflow

Engine platform designed for large-scale, highly-configured implementations. It manages

assets, tracks metadata across the entire production workflow and consistently drive both

human and media workflows. DaletPlus can be configured to address the full range of

broadcast and content workflows, including: archive, news, sports production, programs, new

media content distribution and VOD delivery.

An enterprise platform that meets requirements of any media needs

At the core of DaletPlus is a robust database server that combines a powerful multimedia

Enterprise search, and multiple layers of application servers to handle a number of back-

office processes. This is combined with a wide range of workflow and media management

tools, as well as monitoring applications and fully integrated production tools.



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DaletPlus open architecture delivers scalability, robustness and flexibility for the most

demanding workflows of small to large broadcasters and content producers.

Customizable editorial workflows

The DaletPlus platform provides a unique way of managing human workflows. It offers a

comprehensive set of features for configuring editorial statuses, task assignments and

notifications. Consequently, the workflow engine transparently manages production teams

and ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time.

What is more, access to content, as well as to operational tools, depend on user rights. For a

given group of journalists or editors, these rights can be extended as users are trained and

responsibilities are redefined.



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Therefore, implementing DaletPlus in your organization can help you make the transition to

digital and improve your operations. It is essentially a unique opportunity to implement new

business models, re-engineer your workflows and business processes.

Editorially driven Media Workflows

When using DaletPlus, all media operations are totally transparent to the users. Users don’t

need to worry about where the media is stored. Media Workflow operations, such as

rendering, transfers, copies and conversions are entirely automated by the application server

farm.

In addition, DaletPlus offers Exchange tools such as Dalet Media Gateway or Dalet NetXchange

to automatically replicate content across multiple sites, to a disaster recovery site or to

facilitate exchange of media between departments.

The benefit is immediate for all the users. Cumbersome operations such as tape dubbing and

“sneaker net” cease to exist. Because these operations are driven by the editorial workflow,

your production teams can better focus on their production work, without needing to think

about the complexity of multi-format file based operations.

Example of custom collaborative workflow

A truly Open architecture for today and tomorrow’s requirements

Since its inception, DaletPlus has been running on an Open IT platform, taking advantage of

Microsoft Windows, IP-based networking and relational databases. A long list of standard

protocols, such as MOS, xml, iii, MOV, SOAP and MXF are supported, as well as carefully

selected proprietary protocols such as the Omneon API, Frontporch DivArchive API, Quantel

Corba, XProtocol, etc.



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What is more, DaletPlus features a Services Oriented

Architecture (SOA) framework and Web Services API

that enable broadcasters and content producers to

connect heterogeneous systems and improve their

interoperability. It greatly improves the way content,

metadata and business processes can be manage

across all sub-systems. Using the API, disparate

corporate systems, such as planning systems, ERPs,

post production systems, traffic systems, and more can

be integrated into the overall workflow.

DaletPlus is format and codec agnostic. It can manage

audio, images, text and multimedia assets, as well as

video in most of the standard formats. Certain assets

are just registered in the content catalogue and kept as

is with metadata. Other assets can have multiple

resolutions and versions associated with them and

therefore new formats are supported as they become

standards in the industry. This is typically the case for

HD formats today, as well as new content delivery

formats.

On the other hand, Dalet has always believed in a hardware agnostic platform to better

answer today and tomorrow’s needs. Because storage, network, IT infrastructure and

broadcast equipment keep evolving, Dalet remain open to current and future technologies.

Database model and Interoperability

Thanks to its flexible database model, DaletPlus content catalogue store and reference any

type of content associated with an infinite number of metadata schemas. By using the remote

administration interface, metadata schemes can be created and modified on the fly. The

database that references and describes every item has no longer a fixed model. On the top of

that, administrators can implement workflow rules, such as mandatory fields and inheritable

fields to guaranty the continuity of the metadata flow across the entire media life cycle.

Furthermore, Dalet integration tools ensure a high level of interoperability that allow

metadata to be gathered from 3rd party systems, such as Newsroom systems, Production

systems, Traffic systems and business systems in general. Combined with the built in

production tools of DaletPlus, this guaranties that metadata is gathered and enriched at every

step of the workflow, making content searches and repurposing far more efficient.

Flexibility

DaletPlus is a highly configurable and customizable platform. Thanks to is easy to use and

comprehensive administration interface, administrator can easily control user rights,

customize multiple metadata schemes, control storage policies, customize editorial and media

workflows, etc.

The inherent flexibility allows many different workflows to be implemented in the same

system. For instance, the solution can be deployed to cover an end-to-end News and Sports

production workflow, but also answer the needs of archiving system or a middleware



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platform that manages media workflows driven by 3rd party systems, such as VOD delivery

platforms.

Architecture scalability with no single point of failure

DaletPlus is built on a unique distributed architecture with multiple layers, each dedicated to

a level of functionality and service. The DaletPlus architecture is targeted to the needs of

broadcast applications and delivers a flexible framework for customizable solutions. Because

it is completely distributed, the DaletPlus architecture offers affordable “software clustering”

over any number of servers. By simply adding more server CPUs, a Dalet site can grow to

support hundreds of concurrent users. By physically distributing application servers over

several hosts across a “server farm”, DaletPlus also provides high reliability, with no single

point of failure.

If faster response is required or more users are added to the system, additional servers can be

added. When a new server goes online it is automatically included as a resource. The servers

will automatically be used to share the load.

The power of user interface and production tools

Using either a standard Windows-compliant application or a Web client, operator and

archivist can not only search all available content, but also take advantage of the palette of

integrated tools at their disposal. Manual crash recording, editing, logging can all be made

available from a single virtual desktop.

Our products includes a large range of ingest tools for media managers, journalists, editors or

operators, scheduling and automation, as well as production tools from simple browsing to

editing. All those tools are running in the DaletPlus environment, meaning that workflow and



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metadata are exposed in all Dalet tools. The benefits are real workflow control and metadata

are gathered at every step of the workflow.

Users can benefit from a single workspace where all the tools are integrated through a unified

interface. There is no reason to switch between different environments. The open

architecture of our products guarantees the possibility to integrate other tools in the future.

Modules to cover end to end workflow

All users have access to all media resources and production, according to their user rights.

The legacy frontier inherited from the analogue world disappears. Ingest, production, ,

archiving and multimedia distribution can all now be done from within the DaletPlus

framework. DaletPlus offers a unique interface to media assets available across the workflows

with a positive effect on productivity and costs.

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