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Application Note

1997©

PHOTOCOUPLERS

Printed in Japan

Document No. P12602EJ1V0AN00 (1st edition)Date Published May 1997 N

[MEMO]

CAUTION

Within this device there exists GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) material which is a

harmful substance if ingested. Please do not under any circumstances break the

hermetic seal.

The application circuits and their parameters are for reference only and are not intended for use in actual design-ins.

No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior writtenconsent of NEC Corporation. NEC Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear inthis document.NEC Corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectualproperty rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arisingfrom use of such device. No license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents,copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Corporation or of others.

M4A 96. 10

[MEMO]

- i -

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... ................... 1

2. FEATURES, PACKAGE DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE ........................................................... 1

2.1 Features .................................................................................................................... ................ 1

2.2 Package Dimensions.......................................................................................................... ..... 6

2.3 Structure ................................................................................................................... ................ 11

3. CHARACTERISTICS VALUE AND MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS VALUE .......................... 12

3.1 Characteristics Value ....................................................................................................... ....... 12

3.2 Measuring Characteristics Value ........................................................................................... 13

4. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS......................................................................................................... ..... 16

4.1 Current Transfer Ratio (CTR)................................................................................................ .. 16

4.1.1 CTR vs. I F Characteristics (I F: Forward current flowing through the LED) .......................... 16

4.1.2 CTR vs. TA Characteristics (T A: Ambient temperature).......................................................... 21

4.1.3 Long Term CTR Degradation ................................................................................................. ... 26

4.2 Response Characteristics.................................................................................................... ... 28

5. APPLICATIONS................................................................................................................. ............... 36

5.1 Power Supply Example ........................................................................................................ ... 36

5.2 Telephone Example ........................................................................................................... ...... 37

5.3 PC Card/Modem/Facsimile Example...................................................................................... 38

5.4 Programmable Controller Example........................................................................................ 39

5.5 Solid State Relay Example................................................................................................... ... 40

5.6 Inverter Conditioner Example................................................................................................ . 41

5.7 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Example .................................................................... 42

6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... ............... 43

- ii -

[MEMO]

1

1. GENERAL

Recently, photocouplers have been supplanting relays and pulse transformers for complete noise elimination,

level conversion, and high-potential isolation. Microprocessor systems are requiring more and more photocouplers

on the limited area of PC boards for I/O interface and other purposes. For these requirements, NEC has

manufactured photocouplers having 4 pins (for one channel) to 16 pins (for four channels).

The photocouplers are divided into PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx and PS86xx according to their functions. (“L” suffix

designates lead bending type for surface mount applications.)

This manual describes features, structures, and basic characteristics of the photocouplers.

2. FEATURES, PACKAGE DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURE

2.1 FeaturesThe major feature of photocouplers is very high isolation voltage between input and output.

In addition to high isolation voltage, the photocouplers boast high heat resistance and high humidity resistance.

Table 1 to Table 5 list the major features of the NEC PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx, PS28xx and PS86xx photocouplers.

2

Table 1. Features of PS25xx Series

Features

Product name *1

Isolation

voltage

(Vr.m.s.)

Input and output functionsCTR

(%)

VCEO

(V) MIN.

Response

tr, tf

(Ps) TYP.

PS2501-1, -2, -4

PS2501L-1, -2, -4

5 k DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 600 80 3, 5

PS2502-1, -2, -4

PS2502L-1, -2, -4

DC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

PS2503-1, -2, -4

PS2503L-1, -2, -4

Low current, DC input Single Tr.

output

100 to 400 40 20, 30

(RL = 10 k:)

PS2505-1, -2, -4

PS2505L-1, -2, -4

AC input Single Tr. output 80 to 600 80 3, 5

PS2506-1, -2, -4

PS2506L-1, -2, -4

AC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

PS2521-1, -2, -4

PS2521L-1, -2, -4

Large forward, DC input Single

Tr. output

20 to 80 80 3, 5

PS2525-1, -2, -4

PS2525L-1, -2, -4

Large forward, AC input Single

Tr. output

20 to 80 80 3, 5

PS2532-1, -2, -4*2

PS2532L-1, -2, -4*2

5 k

3.75 k*4

DC input Darlington Tr. High

VCEO

1500 to 6500 300 3, 5

PS2533-1, -2, -4*2

PS2533L-1, -2, -4*2

DC input Darlington Tr. High

VCEO

1500 to 6500 350 100, 100

PS2561-1, -2, -4*3

PS2561L-1, -2, -4*3

DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 400 80 3, 5

PS2562-1, -2, -4*3

PS2562L-1, -2, -4*3


PS2565-1, -2, -4*3

PS2565L-1, -2, -4*3


PS2566-1, -2, -4*3

PS2566L-1, -2, -4*3


PS2581L1-1, L2-1 5 k DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 400 80 3, 5

*1. “L” suffix designates lead bending type for surface mount applications.

*2. VDE0884 Approved

*3. Safety standard type (VDE0884, BSI, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO)

*4. VDE0884 speck product (option)

3


Features

Product name *1

Isolation

voltage

(Vr.m.s.)


(%)

VCEO

(V) MIN.

Response

tr, tf

(Ps) TYP.

PS2601, PS2601L*2

PS2602, PS2602L*2

5 k DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 600 80 3, 5

PS2603, PS2603L*2

PS2604, PS2604L


PS2605, PS2605L*2

PS2606, PS2606L


PS2607, PS2607L*2

PS2608, PS2608L


PS2621, PS2621L*2

PS2622, PS2622L


Tr. output

20 to 80 80 3, 5

PS2625, PS2625L*2

PS2626, PS2626L


Tr. output

20 to 80 80 3, 5

PS2631, PS2631L*2 DC input Single Tr. output High

VCEO

20 to 80 200 3, 5

PS2633, PS2633L*2

PS2634, PS2634L

DC input Darlington Tr. output

High VCEO

1000 to 1500 300 3, 5

PS2651, PS2651L2*2, 3

PS2652, PS2652L2

DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 400 80 3, 5

PS2653, PS2653L2*2, 3

PS2654, PS2654L


*1. “L” suffix designates lead bending type for surface mount applications.

*2. With base pin type

*3. Safety standard type (VDE0884, BSI, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO)

4


Features

Product name

Isolation

voltage

(Vr.m.s.)


(%)

VCEO

(V) MIN.

Response

tr, tf

(Ps) TYP.

PS2701-1, -2, -4*1 3.75 k DC input Single Tr. output 50 to 300 40 3, 5

PS2702-1, -2, -4*1 DC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

PS2703-1, -2, -4*1 Low current, DC input Single Tr.

output

50 to 400 120 3, 5

PS2705-1, -2, -4*1 AC input Single Tr. output 50 to 300 40 3, 5

PS2706-1, -2, -4*1 AC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

PS2707-1, -2, -4*1 Low current, DC input Single Tr.

output

50 to 400 80 3, 5

PS2732-1, -2, -4*1 2.5 k DC input Darlington Tr. High

VCEO

1500 to 300 3, 5

PS2733-1, -2, -4*1 DC input Darlington Tr. High

VCEO

1500 to 350 100, 100

*1. VDE0884 Approved


Features

Product name

Isolation

voltage

(Vr.m.s.)


(%)

VCEO

(V) MIN.

Response

tr, tf

(Ps) TYP.

PS2801-1, -4 2.5 k DC input Single Tr. output 80 to 300 80 3, 5

PS2802-1, -4 DC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

PS2805-1, -4 AC input Single Tr. output 50 to 300 80 3, 5

PS2806-1, -4 AC input Darlington Tr. output 200 to 40 100, 100

5


Features

Product name

Isolation

voltage

(Vr.m.s.)


(%)

VCEO

(V) MIN.

Response

tPHL, tPLH

(Ps) MAX.

PS8601*1

PS8601L*1

5 k DC input

Photo diode + Tr. output

15 to 35 0.8, 0.8

PS8602*2

PS8602L*2

Dc input

Photo diode + Tr. output

15 to 35 0.8, 0.8

*1. With base pin type

*2. High CMR r2 kV/Ps

6

4.6 ± 0.35

7.62

6.5

1.25 ±0.15 0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.55

MA

X.

0 to 15°

2.8

MIN

.

3.8

MA

X.

0.65

2.54

4.6 ± 0.35

6.5

4.25

MA

X.

2.8

MIN

. 3.8

MA

X.

0.35

1.25 ± 0.15 0.5 ± 0.12.54

10.16

0.25 M

7.62

0 to 15˚

20.3 MAX.

7.62

6.5

1.25 ±0.15 0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.55

MA

X.

0 to 15°

2.8

MIN

.

3.8

MA

X.

0.65

2.54

2.2 Package DimensionsFigure 1 to Figure 5 show the dimensions of photocouplers. The photocouplers are very compact and fit for high-

density installation.

Figure 1. Package Dimensions of PS25xx Series (Unit: mm) (1/2)

(1) 4 to 16 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package)

*1. New Package: PS2501-1, PS2502-1, PS2505-1,PS2561-1

5.1 MAX.

2.547.62

6.5

1.25 ±0.15 0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.55

MA

X.

0 to 15°2.

8M

IN.

3.8

MA

X.

0.65

10.2 MAX.

2.54 7.62

6.5

1.25 ±0.15 0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.55

MA

X.

0 to 15°

2.8

MIN

.

3.8

MA

X.

0.65

PS25xx-1PS25xx-1 (New Package)*1

PS25xx-2PS2581L1

PS25xx-4

7

Figure 1. Package Dimensions of PS25xx Series (Unit: mm) (2/2)

(2) 4 to 16 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing)

20.3 MAX.

1.25 ± 0.15 M0.25

3.8

MA

X.

2.54

7.62

6.5

9.6 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.2

5.1 MAX.

2.54

7.62

1.25 ± 0.15 M0.25

3.8

MA

X.

6.5

9.6 ± 0.40.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.2

4.6 ± 0.35

6.5

1.25 ± 0.15 M0.252.54

3.8

MA

X.

7.62

9.6 ± 0.40.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.2

4.6 ± 0.35

6.5

3.8

MA

X.

1.25 ± 0.15

2.54

10.16

0.25 M

7.62

0.05

to 0

.2

0.9 ± 0.2512 MAX.

10.2 MAX.

2.54

7.62

1.25 ± 0.15 M0.25

3.8

MA

X.

6.5

9.6 ± 0.40.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.2

PS25xxL-1PS250xL-1

PS25xxL-2PS2581L2

PS25xxL-4

8

6.5

1.34 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.55

MA

X.

2.8

MIN

.3.

8M

AX

.0.

65

2.54 2.54 MAX.

10.16 MAX.

6 4

1 3

7.62

0 to 15°

1.34 ± 0.1 M0.25

3.8

MA

X.

2.54 2.54 MAX.

10.16 MAX.

6 4

1 3

7.62

6.5

9.6 ± 0.40.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.210.16

0 to 15°

7.626.5

1.34 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1 M0.25

4.25

MA

X.

2.8

MIN

.3.

8M

AX

.0.

35

2.54 2.54 MAX.

10.16 MAX.

6 5 4

1 2 3

2.54 1.27 MAX.

1.34 ± 0.1

1

10.16 MAX.

4.25

MA

X.

3.8

MA

X.

10.167.62

3

6 4

6.5

0.05

to 0

.2

11.8 ±0.4

0.9 ± 0.25M0.25

Figure 2. Package Dimensions of PS26xx Series (Unit: mm)

(1) 6 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package)

(2) 6 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing)

PS265xPS26xx

PS26xxL PS265xL2

9

7.0±0.3

4.4

0.5±0.3

1.30.

15+

0.10

–0.0

5

M0.25

2.54

2.0

2.3

MA

X.

1.2 MAX.

1 8

16 9

19.46 MAX.

0.4+0.10–0.05

0.1±

0.1

9.3 MAX.

8

7.0±0.3

4.4

0.15

+0.

10–0

.05

2.54 1.2 MAX.

2.0

2.3

MA

X. 1.3

5

1 4

0.5±0.3

M0.250.4+0.10–0.05

0.1±

0.1


4 to 16 pin SOP (Lead Pitch: 2.54 mm)

4.5 MAX.

4

7.0±0.3

4.40.

15+

0.10

–0.0

5

2.54 1.2 MAX.

2.0

2.3

MA

X. 1.3

3

1 2

0.5±0.3

M0.250.4+0.10–0.05

0.1±

0.1

PS27xx-2PS27xx-1

PS27xx-4

10


4 to 16 pin SOP (Lead Pitch: 1.27 mm)


(1) 8 pin DIP (Dual In-line Package) (2) 8 pin Lead Bending type (Gull-wing)

0.4 ± 0.1 M0.12

2.7 MAX.

34

21

7.0 ± 0.3

4.4

0.5 ± 0.3

0.15

+0.

10–0

.05

1.270.63 MAX.

0.1

± 0

.1

2.0

2.3

MA

X. 1.3

6.5

1.34 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

4.55

MA

X.

2.8

MIN

.3.

8M

AX

.

2.541.27 MAX.

10.16 MAX.

8

7.62

0 to 15°

0.65

5

1 4

M0.25

PS28xx-4PS28xx-1

PS86xx PS86xxL

7.0 ± 0.3

4.4

0.5 ± 0.3

1.3

0.15

+0.

10–0

.05

M0.12

1.27

2.0

2.3

MA

X.

0.63 MAX.

1 8

16 9

10.3 MAX.

0.1

± 0

.1

0.40+0.10–0.05

1.34 ± 0.1 M0.25

3.8

MA

X.

2.54 1.27 MAX.

10.16 MAX.

17.62

6.5

9.6 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.25

0.05

to 0

.2

4

8 5

11

2.3 StructureFigure 6 shows the internal perspective view of a photocoupler. In a light-tight epoxy resin housing, a light-

sensitive element (phototransistor or photo Darlington transistor) with light-transmittable epoxy resin medium

between them. A light signal emitted by the LED is transferred to the photosensitive transistor via the internal resin

medium.

Both the housing resin and the internal resin have the same expansion coefficient. Namely, the photocoupler

elements are molded epoxy resin.

The high isolation voltage is obtained by the long adjacent area of the inner and outer resins and identical

expansion coefficient of the inner and outer resins.

Figure 6. Internal Perspective View of Photocoupler

12

3. CHARACTERISTICS VALUE AND MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS VALUE

3.1 Characteristics Value

Table 6. Photocoupler Characteristics Value

Classification Symbol Item Measuring circuit number

LED VF Forward voltage 1

IF Forward current 1

VR Reverse voltage 2

IR Reverse current 2

Ct Input capacitance 3

PD Power dissipation

Transistor BVCEO Collector to emitter breakdown voltage 4

ICEO Collector to emitter current 5

Coupled CTR Current transfer ratio 6

VCE(sat) Collector saturation voltage 7

RI-O Isolation resistance 8

BV Isolation voltage (AC voltage for 1 minute at TA = 25 qC,

RH = 60 % between input and output).

9

CI-O Isolation capacitance 10

ton turn-on time 11

toff turn-off time 11

SOA Safe operation area (DC)

SOA Safe operation area (pulse)

13

IF

VFV

(Control input side)

3.2 Measuring Characteristics Value

Table 7. Measuring Photocoupler Characteristics Value (1/3)

Measuring

circuit

number

Characteristic value Measuring method and conditions Measuring circuit

1 Forward voltage (VF) Let a required current flow across control input

terminals and measure the voltage.

IF 10 (mA)

2 Reverse current (IR) Apply a voltage across control input terminals in a

direction opposite to normal and measure the

current.

VR 5 (V)

3 Input capacitance (Ct) Connect an LCR meter to control input terminals

and measure the electrostatic capacitance.

V 0 (V), f 1 (MHz)

4 Collector to emitter

breakdown voltage

(BVCEO)

Step up a voltage slowly across switching

terminals and measure the voltage at which a

required current begins flowing.

IL = 1 mA, IB = 0

5 Collector to emitter

current (ICEO)

Apply a required voltage across switching

terminals and measure the current.

VCEO Rated voltage (V)

IR

VR = 5 V

A

LCR meter, etc.

A

V

A

V

Semiconductormultimeter, etc.

Semiconductormultimeter, etc.

ICEO

A

14


Measuring

circuit

number


6 Current transfer ratio

(CTR)

Measuring procedure: Apply the regulated

collector/emitter voltage (VCE) to the output pin of

the specimen photocoupler. Adjust the variable

power supply on the output side to measure the

collector current (ICE) when the forward current (IF)

becomes the regulated value. Produce the

Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) by the following

formula.

Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) =

Measuring conditions which should be regulated.

(1) Collector/emitter voltage (VCE)

(2) Forward current (IF)

(3) Ambient Temperature (TA)

7 Collector saturation

voltage (VCE(sat))

Measuring procedure: Flow the regulated forward

current (IF) between the input pins of the

specimen photocoupler. Adjust the variable

power supply on the output side to flow the

regulated collector current (ICE) to the outside.

Then measure the voltage between the output

pins (collector/emitter saturation voltage (VCE(sat)).

Measuring conditions which should be regulated.

(1) Forward current (IF)

(2) Collector current (ICE)

(3) Ambient Temperature (TA)

8 Isolation resistance

(RI-O)

Connect an Isolation resistance meter between

control input terminals and switching terminals,

apply a required voltage, and measure the

resistance.

VI-O 1 (kV)

Isolationresistancemeter

AVI-O

RI-O = VI-O

II-O

AA

V

RS2RS1

AA

V

RS2RS1

Collector current (A)

Forward current (A) u 100

15

Oscilloscope

VCC

RL

V1 V2


Measuring

circuit

number


9 Isolation voltage (BV) AC voltage for 1 minute at TA = 25 qC,

RH = 60 % between input terminals and output

terminals.

10 Isolation capacitance

(CI-O)

Connect an LCR meter between control input

terminals and output terminals and measure the

electrostatic capacitance.

V 0 (V), f 1 (MHz)

11 turn-on time (ton)

turn-off time (toff)

Apply a rectangular wave voltage, to cause a

required current to flow across control input

terminals, and connect a load across output

terminals that satisfies a required current and

voltage. Measure the waveforms for the voltages

across control input terminals and across

switching terminals, using a time measuring

instrument like an oscilloscope, as shown at the

right.

IF 10 (mA)

RL

(to be defined)

VCC

V1

V2

td

tr tf10 %

90 %

50 %

ton toff

ts

½¾¿

ADielectricstrengthmeasuringmeter

II-O < 0.5 mA

A

V

LCR meter

16

4. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

4.1 Current Transfer Ratio (CTR)The current transfer ratio (CTR) of a photocoupler is the ratio of the value of output current IC to the value of input

forward current IF (IC/IF u 100 %). The CTR is a parameter equivalent to the DC current amplification factor hFE of a

transistor.

The CTR is one of the most significant characteristics of photocouplers as well as isolation voltage. In circuit

designing, CTR must be considered first of all because the CTR.

1 is dependent upon forward current IF flowing through the LED.

2 is affected by ambient temperature, and

3 varies as time goes by.

4.1.1 CTR vs. IF Characteristics (I F: Forward current flowing through the LED)

The current transfer ratio (CTR) depends upon the magnitude of a forward current (IF). When IF goes lower or

higher than a proper magnitude, the CTR becomes smaller. Figure 7 to Figure 11 show the CTR vs. IF

characteristics.

Note that rate changes of CTRs are very different at low IF magnitude (approx. 5 mA), middle IF magnitude

(approx. 5 mA), and high IF magnitude (approx. 20 mA). Namely, the CTR depends heavily upon the magnitude of

forward current IF in lower and higher current ranges.

17

Figure 7. CTR vs. I F Characteristics of PS25xx Series

(1) PS2501, PS2505, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581 (2) PS2502, PS2506, PS2562, PS2566

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

00.05 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 50

CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs.FORWARD CURRENT

VCE = 5 V

CT

R -

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

- %

IF - Forward Current - mA

(3) PS2503 (4) PS2521, PS2525

5

400

300

200

100

00.3 0.5 1 10 100


50

CTR

- C

urre

nt T

rans

fer R

atio

- %


VCE = 5 V

(5) PS2532, PS2533


5000

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %

0

VCE = 2 V

IF – Forward Current – mA0.1

4000

3000

2000

1000

0.5 1 5 10 20


8000

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000VCE = 2 V

IF – Forward Current – mA0.1 0.5 1 5 10 30


IF – Forward Current – mA

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %

00.1

50

100

150

200

250

0.5 1 5 10 50 100

VCE = 3 V

18


(1) PS2601, PS2602, PS2605, PS2606, PS2651, PS2652 (2) PS2603, PS2604, PS2607, PS2608, PS2653, PS2654

0.5 10 500


0.50.1


CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %

VCE = 5 V400

300

200

100

0

50

100

150

200

0.03 1 5

(3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS2626 (4) PS2631

50

00.1 0.5 1 5 10 50 100

250

200

150

100



CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %

VCE = 3 V

(5) PS2633, PS2634

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

VCE = 2 V


CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %


0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20

5 100.05 10.1

1000

2000

4000

5000

0

3000

50

VCE = 2 V


CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %


240220200180160140120100

80604020

VCE = 5 V

0.1 10 1000.5 50


CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT

CT

R –

Cu

rre

nt

Tra

nsf

er

Ra

tio –

%

1 5

19

VCE = 2 V

CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO (CTR) vs. FORWARD CURRENT

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

00.1

CT

R -

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

- %


10.5 105 30


(1) PS2701, PS2705 (2) PS2702, PS2706C

TR

– C

urre

nt T

rans

fer

Rat

io –

%


200


0.5

100

5 100.1 1

50

150

300

50

VCE = 5 V

250

0.05

(3) PS2703, PS2707 (4) PS2732, PS2733

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %


300


150

50

500

250

5 10

200

VCE = 5 V

0.1 0.2

100

0.5 1 2 20


(1) PS2801, PS2805 (2) PS2802, PS2806


0.02

CT

R -

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

- %

100


100

200

0.1

VCE = 5 Vn = 3

10

50

150

250

300

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %


9000


500.05 1

6000

7000

8000

10

5000

2000

3000

4000

1000

00.1

VCE = 2 V

CT

R –

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

atio

– %


5 000

0.5


1 000

200

5

2 000

3 000

4 000

0.1 1 10

VCE = 2 V

20


PS8601, PS8602


CT

R -

Cur

rent

Tra

nsfe

r R

aito

- %


50

40

30

20

10

00.1 0.5 1 5 10 50 100

VCC = 4.5 VVO = 0.4 VTA = 25 ˚C

21

4.1.2 CTR vs. T A Characteristics (T A: Ambient temperature)

The CTR-Temperature characteristic is greatly affected by the total characteristics of light-emission efficiency of

the LED and hFE of the phototransistor as the light-emission efficiency has a negative temperature coefficient and hFE

has a positive temperature coefficient. See Figure 12.

Figure 12. CTR vs. T A Characteristics

hFE o

f pho

totr

ansi

stor

CT

R

Ligh

t-em

issi

onef

ficie

ncy

of L

ED

TA TA TA

Figure 13 to Figure 17 show CTR vs. TA characteristics under various conditions.

22

Figure 13. CTR vs. T A Characteristics of PS25xx Series

(1) PS2501, PS2505, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581 (2) PS2502, PS2506, PS2562, PS2566

1.2

–50

NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT vs.AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0–25 0 25 50 75 100

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 °CIF = 5 mA, VCE = 5 V

TA - Ambient Temperature - °C

CT

R -

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt∆

(3) PS2503 (4) PS2521, PS2525

–30


1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

00 25 50 75 100


1.2

1.4

CTR

- N

orm

aliz

ed O

utpu

t Cur

rent

TA - Ambient Temperature - C

(5) PS2532, PS2533

TA – Ambient Temperature – °C


25

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt 1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

–50 0–25 50 75 100

∆

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 ˚CIF = 1 mA, VCE = 2 V

0


NORMALIZED OUTPUT vs.AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

1.4

25

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

–50 0–25 50 75 100

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 oCIF = 1 mAVCE = 2 V



CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

0–55

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

–25 0 25 50 75 100


23


(1) PS2601, PS2602, PS2605, PS2606, PS2651, PS2652 (2) PS2603, PS2604, PS2607, PS2608, PS2653, PS2654


25 50 75 100–55

TA – Ambient Temperature – ˚C

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.2

∆CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urrr

ent


0–250

0.4

0.8

(3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS2626 (4) PS2631


–55


∆CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt


0–25 0 25 50 75 100

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

(5) PS2633, PS2634

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100



∆CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt



25 50 75 100–55


0.2

0.6

1.0

1.2

∆CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt


0–250

0.4

0.8


1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 ˚CIF = 5 mAVCE = 5 V


∆CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

24

NORMALIZED OUTPUT vs.AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 ˚CIF = 1 mAVCE = 2 V

CT

R -

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

TA - Ambient Temperature - ˚C

∆


(1) PS2701, PS2705 (2) PS2702, PS2706

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

1.2

1000

0.2

–25 0 50 75

0.6

1.0

–55

0.4

0.8

25




(3) PS2703, PS2707 (4) PS2732, PS2733

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt


1.2


1000

0.2

–25 0 50 75

0.6

1.0

–55

0.4

0.8

25



(1) PS2801, PS2805 (2) PS2802, PS2806


CT

R -

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt

–500

0.6

0 100


1.2


–25 25 50 75

0.2

0.4

1.0

0.8

∆

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt



0.6

1000

1.2

–25 50

0.8

1.0

0


0.4

0.2

–55 25 75

CT

R –

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put C

urre

nt



0.6

0.2

100–50 –25 25

0.8

1.2

0 75

1.0

0.4

50

Normalized to 1.0at TA = 25 °CIF = 1 mA, VCE = 2V

0

25


PS8601, PS8602 C

TR

-N

orm

aliz

ed O

utpu

t Cur

rent



Normalized to at TA = 25 ˚CVCC = 4.5 VVO = 0.4 VIF = 16 mA

–75 –50 –20 0 25 50 75 100 125

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

∆

26

4.1.3 Long Term CTR Degradation

The current transfer ratio (CTR) of a photocoupler is determined by the light-emission efficiency of the LED

(emitting infrared light), efficiency of light transmission between the LED and the phototransistor, light sensitivity of

the phototransistor, and hFE of the transistor.

The change of a CTR over time is mainly caused by the reduction of the light-emission efficiency of the LED.

Generally, the CTR is reduced to a greater extent as the forward current (IF) increases or as the operating

temperature increase. Figure 18 respectively shows estimated changes of CTRs of PS25xx, PS26xx, PS27xx,

PS28xx and PS86xx photocouplers over time.

27

LONG TERM CTR DEGRADATION

Operating Time - h

0

0.2

1.0

102

0.6

103 104 105

CT

R D

egra

datio

n (R

elat

ive

Val

ue)

0.8

0.4

CTR Test conditionIF = 5 mA, VCE = 5 V

IF = 5 mA

IF = 40 mA

IF = 20 mA

Figure 18. Long Term CTR Degradation

(1) PS25xx Series (2) PS26xx Series

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 105


IF = 5 mATA = 25 °C

IF = 5 mATA = 60 °C

104103102

1.2

TYP.

Operating Time - h

CT

R D

egra

datio

n (R

elat

ive

Val

ue)

(3) PS27xx Series (4) PS28xx Series

CT

R D

egra

datio

n (R

elat

ive

Val

ue)


1.0

Operating Time - h

0.5

0 102 103 104 105

IF = 1 mA, TA = 25 °CIF = 5 mA, TA = 25 °CIF = 20 mA, TA = 25 °CIF = 20 mA, TA = 60 °C

CTR Test conditionIF = 5 mA, VCE = 5 V

(5) PS86xx Series

100

80

60

40

20

102

Operating Time –h

IF = 20 mATA = 25 °C

TYP.MIN.

103 104 105

CT

R D

egra

datio

n (R

elat

ive

Val

ue)



Operating Time - h

0.6

1.2C

TR

Deg

rada

tion

(Rel

ativ

e V

alue

)

0 102

1.0

TYP.

0.8

0.2

0.4

103 104 105

IF = 5 mATA = 25 °CIF = 20 mATA = 25 °CIF = 5 mATA = 60 °C

28

4.2 Response CharacteristicsThe response characteristics of photocouplers are the same as those of phototransistors. The fall time tf is

expressed by

tfv RL hFE CCB

RL : Load resistance

hFE : Amplification factor

CCB : Collector-base capacitance

If RL is too high, tf becomes too high to be fit for high-speed signal transmission. Select the proper load resistance

for the desired signal rate. Similarly, the collector current must fully satisfy the minimum value of the CTR, CTR vs.

TA characteristics, and CTR vs. time characteristics. Otherwise, the phototransistor will operate unsaturated, causing

lower response characteristics and malfunction.

Figure 19. Test Circuit for Response-time

Pulse input

Monitor(input)

PW = 100 sDuty cycle = 1/10

µ IF

51 Ω RL

VO (Output)

VCC

tontoff

90 %

10 %

ts

tftr

td

Figure 20 to Figure 24 show the response time vs. the load resistance which show four CTR parameters.

29

SWITCHING TIME vs.LOAD RESISTANCE

RL – Load Resistance – Ω

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

150

µ

5

10

50

100

100 500 1 k 2 k

toff

ton

trtf

VCC = 10 VIC = 2 mA

500

50

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ

RL – Load Resistance – Ω1 k300

10

100

1000

5000

10000

5 k 10 k 50 k

VCC = 5 VIF = 1 mACTR = 2280 %

td

tr

ts

tf

SWITCHING TIME vs. LOAD RESISTANCE

Figure 20. Switching Time vs. R L Load Resistance of PS25xx Series (1/2)

(1) PS2501, PS2505, PS2561, PS2565, PS2581

1 000


100

10

1100 k50 k10 k5k1 k500100

IF = 5 mAVCC = 5 VTA = 25 °CCTR 290 %

ts

td

tr

tf

t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

sµ

RL - Load Resistance - Ω

(2) PS2502, PS2506, PS2562, PS2566


1000

500

100

50

10

5

2

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ

RL – Load Resistance – Ω10050 500 1 k 5 k

VCC = 5 VIC = 2 mACTR = 2280 %

tftr

td

ts

(3) PS2503 (4) PS2521, PS2525

50


10

1

0.110 k5 k1 k5001005010

IC = 2 mAVCC = 10 VTA = 25 °CCTR 290 %

tftr

td

ts

t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

s


µ

50


10

1

10 k5 k1 k500100

tf

tr

td

100 k50 k

0.5

5

ts

IF = 1 mA, VCC = 5 VSample : CTR 209 %at IF = 1 mA

0.1

µt -

Sw

itchi

ng T

ime

- s


30


(5) PS2532, PS2533


300

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ

RL – Load Resistance – Ω20

VCC = 10 V, IC = 10 mAPulse Width = 5 msDuty Cycle = 1/2

100

50

10

1

5

50 100 500 1 k 2 k

tr

td

tf

ts

31


(1) PS2601, PS2602, PS2605, PS2606, PS2651, PS2652


500 1 k 5 k 10 k


1

5

50

100

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

100

0.5

10

µ

VCC = 10 VIC = 2 mATA = 25 ˚CSampleCTR = 290 %

tr

ts

tstd

(2) PS2603, PS2604, PS2607, PS2608, PS2653, PS2654 (3) PS2621, PS2622, PS2625, PS2626



t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

VCC = 10 VIC = 2 mA

50 100 500 1 k 2 k10

2000

1000

500

100

50

ton

toff

tf

tr

µ


1 k 5 k 10 k 50 k100


5

10

500

1000

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

500

100

µ

IF = 5 mA, VCC = 5 VTA = 25 ˚CSampleCTR = 290 %

ts

tr

tf

50

td



t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

VCC = 10 VIC = 2 mA

50 100 500 1 k 2 k

100

ton

toff

tf

tr

µ

50

10

5

1

32


(4) PS2631 (5) PS2633, PS2634

tf

ts

td

tr

IF = 10 mAVCC = 5 V



1 k 5 k 10 k 50 k100 k

1000

100

10

1

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s

µ

300

100

50

10

5

120 50 100 500 1 k 2 k

ts

tf

td

trVCC = 10 V, IC = 10 mAPulse Width = 5 msDuty Cycle = 1/2

RL – Load Resistance – Ωt –

Sw

itchi

ng T

ime

– sµ


33


1000


100k

0.51

500 1 k 5 k 50 k

10

100

100

5

50

500

td

IF = 5 mAVCC = 5 VTA = 25 °CCTR = 90 %

10 k

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ

tr

ts

tf


(1) PS2701, PS2705



10

2 k

100

100

50

500

VCC = 5 VIC = 2 mA

5

50

ton

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ

toff

td

ts

1 k

0.5

1

(2) PS2702, PS2706

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s


1 000


5 k2

100 500

100

50

500

50

10

5

1 k

VCC = 5 VIC = 2 mACTR = 2 200 %

µ tr

tftd

ts

(3) PS2703, PS2707



1

10 k

100

100

10

1 k

VCE = 10 VIC = 2 mA

0.110

td

ts

tr

tf

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµ


1000


100 k

0.51

500 1 k 5 k 50 k

10

100

100

5

50

500IF = 5 mAVCC = 5 VTA = 25 °CCTR = 100 %

10 k

ts

tdtr

tf

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

sµt –

Sw

itchi

ng T

ime

– s

5 000


100 k0.5

1 k 10 k

100

1 000

100

10

VCC = 5 VIF = 1 mATA = 25 °CCTR = 2 200 %

1

µ


tr

tf

td

ts

34


(4) PS2732, PS2733

t – S

witc

hing

Tim

e –

s


300

100


2 k20

100

50

10

5

1

µ

50 1 k500

tr

td

tf

ts

VCC = 10 V, IC = 10 mAPulse Width = 5 msDuty Cycle = 1/2

35

Figure 23. Switching Time vs. R L Load Resistance of PS28xx Series

(1) PS2801, PS2805


0.110 50


100

50

t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

sµ

100 500 1 k 5 k 10 k

10

5

1

0.5

tf

ts

tr

td

VCC = 5 VIC = 2 mACTR = 236 %

(2) PS2802, PS2806

10 000

1 000

100

10

1


t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

s


100 500 1 k 5 k

trtf

tdts

µ

VCC = 5 VIC = 2 mACTR = 1 910 %

Figure 24. Switching Time vs. R L Load Resistance of PS86xx Series

PS8601, PS8602

tf

ts

tr

td

100 1 k 10 k 100 k0.1

1

10

100

1000

t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

sµ


VCC = 5 VIF = 5 mACTR = 236 %



t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

s


VCC = 5 VIF = 16 mA

10

5

1

0.5

0.1

1 k 5 k 10 k 50 k 100 k

tPLH

tPHL

µ

tf

ts

tr

td


t - S

witc

hing

Tim

e -

s


VCC = 5 VIF = 1 mACTR = 1 910 %

100 1 k 10 k 100 k

10 000

1 000

100

10

1

µ

36

5. APPLICATIONS

5.1 Power Supply Example

ZAC Input

Input Rectifier

Power MOS FET

VaristorNV( )270D( )

Thyristor5P4M-6M

+

+

Control IC PC1099µ

PhotocouplerPS2501-1

Error Amplifier PC1093µ

MicroComputer

Peak Hold IC

VCR Power Supply

Nicd Battery+

Output Rectifier

Power SW(Relay or Power MOS FET)

Recommended devices

Part number Function

PS2501-1

PS2561-1

PS2581L1-1

PS2581L2-1

PS2701-1

PS2703-1

PS2801-1

PS8601

PS8602

Feedback circuit

37

5.2 Telephone Example

LINE

Bell Ringing Signal(75 Vr.m.s., 16 Hz) PS2501, PS2505

PS2701, PS2705PS2703, PS2707PS2801, PS2805etc.

Bell Ringing Detect

VCC

VCC

Line Observe

Dial PulseGenerator

Dialer Circuit

IN

OUT

CPU

OCMOS FETPS7141-1C

Speech Circuit

PS2532, PS2533PS2732, PS2733

PS2521PS2525

Recommended devices


PS2501-1, PS2505-1

PS2701-1, PS2703-1

PS2705-1, PS2707-1

PS2801-1, PS2805-1

Bell ringing detector

PS2521-1, PS2525-1

PS2621, PS2622

PS2625, PS2626

Line observer

PS2532-1, PS2533-1

PS2633, PS2634

PS2732-1, PS2733-1

Dial pulse generator

38

5.3 PC Card/Modem/Facsimile Example

Ring

TIP

Telecom.Network

ModulatorDemodulator

Loopcurrentdetector

Ring signaldetector

line“ON” “OFF”

line“ON” “OFF”

Dialpulse Hook

Switch

Switching Device: Signal circuit On/OffPS7141/42-1A/2A

Pulse Generator

CPU (NCU controller)

PS2505-1/2Isolator b/w Signal Circuit and CPU:Control signal transfer to CPU w/o Noise

Recommended devices


PS2501-1, PS2505-1

PS2701-1, PS2703-1

PS2705-1, PS2707-1

PS2801-1, PS2805-1

Bell ringing detector

PS2521-1, PS2525-1

PS2621, PS2625

PS2622, PS2626

Line observer

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5.4 Programmable Controller Example

PD4050µ

PS2801 - 4

COM

Recommended devices


PS2501-1, -2, -4, PS2502-1, -2, -4

PS2505-1, -2, -4, PS2506-1, -2, -4

PS2701-1, -2, -4, PS2702-1, -2, -4

PS2703-1, -2, -4, PS2705-1, -2, -4

PS2706-1, -2, -4, PS2707-1, -2, -4

PS2801-1, -4, PS2802-1, -4

PS2805-1, -4

Input side isolation

PS2501-1, -2, -4, PS2502-1, -2, -4

PS2701-1, -2, -4, PS2702-1, -2, -4

PS2703-1, -2, -4

PS2801-1, -4, PS2802-1, -4

Output side isolation

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5.5 Solid State Relay Example

AC 100 V

Load

Recommended devices


PS2501-1

PS2601

PS2602

PS2701-1

PS2703-1

Tr. trigger circuit

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5.6 Inverter Conditioner Example

M

MMMM M

fan

mot

or

heat

er

ACse

rg o

fab

sorb

er

motor

Photocoupler

indoor-outdoorcommunication

M

PS8602-6pcs

INVERTER CIRCUIT

sens

or o

f ove

r cu

rren

t

steping motor fan motor

8/16 bitmicrocomputer

8/16 bitmicrocomputer

valve valve

PS2501

left right up down

steping motor

left right

volta

ge r

ectif

ucat

ion

circ

uit

Indoor UnitOutdoor Unit

Recommended devices


PS2501-1

PS2505-1

PS2701-1

PS2703-1

PS2705-1

PS2706-1

Interface indoor and outdoor units

PS8602 Inverter circuit drives

PS2501-1 IPM Controls

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5.7 Computer and Peripheral Equipment Example

CPU Peripharal equipment

Recommended devices


PS2501-1

PS2601

PS8601

PS8602

Noise protection

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6. CONCLUSION

Demand for photocouplers featuring higher insulation and noise elimination is steadily increasing. At the same

time, various problems (change of characteristics by ambient temperature and time elapse) will occur in their circuit

design. We hope this manual will be helpful in solving such problems.

44

[MEMO]

PHOTOCOUPLERS AN - Renesas

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