Pengertian Narrative Text

Disebutkan bahwa A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain

people (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur

orang).

Jika melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna

(1) a spoken or written account of connected events; a story. (2) the

narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from dialogue. (3) the practice or

art of narration.

Cerita Narrative Text

(Narrative bermakna : 1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang

peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan. 2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam

sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog. 3. Praktik atau seni bercerita)

Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah

cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa

yang saling terhubung.

Generic Structure dari Narrative Text

Bagi sobat yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah tingkat menengah,

penjelasan mengenai narrative texts tak usah sulit-sulit ya.. Intinya,

narrative text ini mempunyai struktur / susunan seperti di bawah ini :

• Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters

of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan

waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)

• Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.

(Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

• Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah

selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".

Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi:

Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation.

Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa

ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap

jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi

akhir cerita.

Jika sudah mahir membuat cerita narrative, susunannya bisa diubah-ubah

kok, yang terpenting bagian-bagian di atas masih tetap ada dalam tulisan

narrative sobat.

Grammar Used dalam Narrative Text

Grammar (tata bahasa) yang sering muncul dalam membuat narrative text

adalah:

Menggunakan tenses "Past", baik simple, past perfect, past continuous, past

perfect continuous, atau bisa saja past future continuous. (aturan ini bukan

aturan wajib yang mutlak harus dipenuhi kok. Tidak percaya, tanyakan pada

guru bahasa Inggris sobat)

Untuk lebih jelasnya, lihat contohnya di bawah ini :

Contoh Narrative Text (1)

Sincere Will Get a Great Return

Once upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived

peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the king’s daughter who was

assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto.

One day, Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused.

“What’s the matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad?” asked King

Fernando. Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.

Then, King Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again.

After that, the palace representative announce: “I will make a competition.

The aim is to make my daughter, Princess Charlita to be happy and laugh

again. Everyone who can do it, will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow

when the sun rises. Sign: King Fernando.”

The following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their

best performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess

Charlita. She was just silent and still looked sad.

King Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there

came a young handsome man. “Excuse me King Fernando. I would like to

join your competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess Charlita for a

walk?” said the young man gently. “As long as you make my daughter be

happy again, it will totally alright.” said King Fernando. The young handsome

man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a beautiful blue lake with a green

forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and looked happy after that. Every

body looked happy, too. “I know why are you so my beautiful daughter. Now,

I promise I will environment green. I regret for always destroying it. Finally,

the environment around the kingdom became so beautiful and green, full of

plants. Then, the young handsome man got a prize from the king. “I will

marry you off my daughter.” said him. “That is the prize I promise for you.

Thanks for keeping our environment well. Thanks for making my daughter

happy again.”

Contoh Narrative Text (2)

The Legend of Rawa Pening

Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village.

He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for

some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little

boy.

Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal.

When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a “lesung”, a big

wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please remember, if

there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a boat”. The

“lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his

journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many people

gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the

ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried,

but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the little boy. The crowd laughed

mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled

out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.

Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until

it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little

boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she

told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old woman. The

whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in

Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.

Penjelasan Narrative Text (untuk tingkat Mahir)

Untuk mengetahui definisi dan penjelasan tentang narration (narrative text)

sobat mahasiswa dan mahasiswi bisa membaca buku buku tentang writing di

perpustakaan terdekat dan terlengkap, dan disini saya hanya akan

mengutipkan pendapat Thomas S. Kane (2000: 363-364) di bawah ini:

A narrative is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is sequential

in that the events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence always

involves an arrangement in time (and usually other arrangements as well). A

straightforward movement from the first event to the last constitutes the

simplest chronology. However, chronology is sometimes complicated by

presenting the events in another order: for example, a story may open with

the final episode and then flash back to all that preceded it.

A narrative has meaning in that it conveys an evaluation of some kind. The

writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and states or implies that reaction.

This is the "meaning," sometimes called the "theme," of a story. Meaning

must always be rendered. The writer has to do more than tell us the truth he

sees in the story; he must manifest that truth in the characters and the

action.

Characters and action are the essential elements of any story. Also

important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place where the action

occurs. Characters are usually people—sometimes actual people, as in

history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in novels.

Occasionally characters are animals (as in an Aesop fable), and sometimes a

dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a character (the

sea, an old house).

The action is what the characters say and do and anything that happens to

them, even if it arises from a nonhuman source—a storm, for instance, or a

fire. Action is often presented in the form of a plot. Action is, so to speak,

the raw material; plot, the finished product, the fitting together of the bits

and pieces of action into a coherent pattern. Usually, though not invariably,

plot takes the form of a cause-and effect chain: event A produces event B; B

leads to C; C to D; and so on until the final episode, X. In a well-constructed

plot of this kind we can work back from X to A and see the connections that

made the end of the story likely and perhaps inevitable.

Stories can be very long and complicated, with many characters, elaborate

plots, and subtle interpenetration of character, action, and setting. In writing

that is primarily expository, however, narratives are shorter and simpler.

Most often they are factual rather than imaginary, as when an historian

describes an event. And often in exposition an illustration may involve a

simple narrative. Being able to tell a story, then, while not the primary

concern of the expository writer, is a skill which he or she will now and again

be called upon to use.

Demikianlah penjelasan dan kumpulan contoh narrative text yang bisa

dihadirkan dalam kesempatan ini. Semoga bisa bermanfaat untuk kita

semua.

Once upon a time... there lived an unhappy young girl. Unhappy she was, for her

mother was dead, her father had married another woman, a widow with two

daughters, and her stepmother didn't like her one little bit. All the nice things, kind

thoughts and loving touches were for her own daughters. And not just the kind

thoughts and love, but also dresses, shoes, shawls, delicious food, comfy beds, as

well as every home comfort. All this was laid on for her daughters. But, for the

poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. No dresses, only her stepsisters' hand-

me-downs. No lovely dishes, nothing but scraps. No nice rests and comfort. For she

had to work hard all day, and only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a

while by the fire, near the cinders. That is how she got her nickname, for everybody

called her Cinderella. Cinderella used to spend long hours all alone talking to the

cat. The cat said,

"Miaow", which really meant, "Cheer up! You have something neither of your

stepsisters have and that is beauty."

It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in rags with a dusty gray face from the

cinders, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant

their clothes, were still clumsy, lumpy and ugly and always would be.

One day, beautiful new dresses arrived at the house. A ball was to be held at

Court and the stepsisters were getting ready to go to it. Cinderella, didn't even dare

ask, "What about me?" for she knew very well what the answer to that would be:

"You? My dear girl, you're staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floors and

turn down the beds for your stepsisters. They will come home tired and very

sleepy." Cinderella sighed at the cat.

"Oh dear, I'm so unhappy!" and the cat murmured "Miaow".

Suddenly something amazing happened. In the kitchen, where Cinderella was

sitting all by herself, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared.

"Don't be alarmed, Cinderella," said the fairy. "The wind blew me your sighs. I know

you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!"

"How can I, dressed in rags?" Cinderella replied. "The servants will turn me away!"

The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand... Cinderella found herself wearing

the most beautiful dress , the loveliest ever seen in the realm.

"Now that we have settled the matter of the dress," said the fairy, "we'll need to get

you a coach. A real lady would never go to a ball on foot!"

"Quick! Get me a pumpkin!" she ordered.

"Oh of course," said Cinderella, rushing away. Then the fairy turned to the cat.

"You, bring me seven mice!"

"Seven mice!" said the cat. "I didn't know fairies ate mice too!"

"They're not for eating, silly! Do as you are told!... and, remember they must be

alive!"

Cinderella soon returned with a fine pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had

caught in the cellar.

"Good!" exclaimed the fairy. With a flick of her magic

wand... wonder of wonders! The pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the

mice became six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman, in

a smart uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes.

"I shall present you at Court. You will soon see that the Prince, in whose honor the

ball is being held, will be enchanted by your loveliness. But remember! You must

leave the ball at midnight and come home. For that is when the spell ends. Your

coach will turn back into a pumpkin, the horses will become mice again and the

coachman will turn back into a mouse... and you will be dressed again in rags and

wearing clogs instead of these dainty little slippers! Do you understand?" Cinderella

smiled and said,

"Yes, I understand!"

When Cinderella entered the ballroom at the palace, a hush fell. Everyone stopped

in mid-sentence to admire her elegance, her beauty and grace.

"Who can that be?" people asked each other. The two stepsisters also wondered

who the newcomer was, for never in a month of Sundays, would they ever have

guessed that the beautiful girl was really poor Cinderella who talked to the cat!

When the prince set eyes on Cinderella, he was struck by her beauty. Walking over

to her, he bowed deeply and asked her to dance. And to the great disappointment

of all the young ladies, he danced with Cinderella all evening.

"Who are you, fair maiden?" the Prince kept asking her. But Cinderella only replied:

"What does it matter who I am! You will never see me again anyway."

"Oh, but I shall, I'm quite certain!" he replied.

Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball... But, all of a sudden, she heard the

sound of a clock: the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the fairy had

said, and without a word of goodbye she slipped from the Prince's arms and ran

down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not for a moment did

she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of midnight were to sound...

oh... what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and vanished into the night.

The Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up her slipper and said to

his ministers,

"Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot this slipper fits. I will never be

content until I find her!" So the ministers tried the slipper on the foot of all the

girls... and on Cinderella's foot as well... Surprise! The slipper fitted perfectly.

"That awful untidy girl simply cannot have been at the ball," snapped the

stepmother. "Tell the Prince he ought to marry one of my two daughters! Can't you

see how ugly Cinderella is! Can't you see?"

Suddenly she broke off, for the fairy had appeared.

"That's enough!" she exclaimed, raising her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella

appeared in a splendid dress, shining with youth and beauty. Her stepmother and

stepsisters gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said,

"Come with us, fair maiden! The Prince awaits to present you with his engagement

ring!" So Cinderella joyfully went with them, and lived happily ever after with her

Prince. And as for the cat, he just said "Miaow"!

Snow White dan the Seven Dwarfs. Selamat Membaca :

Once upon a time in a great castle, a Prince's daughter grew up happy and contented, in spite of a

jealous stepmother. She was very pretty, with blue eyes and long black hair. Her skin was

delicate and fair, and so she was called Snow White. Everyone was quite sure she would become

very beautiful. Though her stepmother was a wicked woman, she too was very beautiful, and the

magic mirror told her this every day, whenever she asked it.

"Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the loveliest lady in the land?" The reply was always; "You

are, your Majesty," until the dreadful day when she heard it say, "Snow White is the loveliest in

the land." The stepmother was furious and, wild with jealousy, began plotting to get rid of her

rival. Calling one of her trusty servants, she bribed him with a rich reward to take Snow White

into the forest, far away from the Castle. Then, unseen, he was to put her to death. The greedy

servant, attracted to the reward, agreed to do this deed, and he led the innocent little girl away.

However, when they came to the fatal spot, the man's courage failed him and, leaving Snow

White sitting beside a tree, he mumbled an excuse and ran off. Snow White was all alone in the

forest.

Night came, but the servant did not return. Snow White, alone in the dark forest, began to cry

bitterly. She thought she could feel terrible eyes spying on her, and she heard strange sounds and

rustlings that made her heart thump. At last, overcome by tiredness, she fell asleep curled under a

tree.

Snow White slept fitfully, wakening from time to time with a start and staring into the darkness

round her. Several times, she thought she felt something, or somebody touch her as she slept.

At last, dawn woke the forest to the song of the birds, and Snow White too, awoke. A whole

world was stirring to life and the little girl was glad to see how silly her fears had been. However,

the thick trees were like a wall round her, and as she tried to find out where she was, she came

upon a path. She walked along it, hopefully. On she walked till she came to a clearing. There

stood a strange cottage, with a tiny door, tiny windows and a tiny chimney pot. Everything about

the cottage was much tinier than it ought to be. Snow White pushed the door open.

"l wonder who lives here?" she said to herself, peeping round the kitchen. "What tiny plates! And

spoons! There must be seven of them, the table's laid for seven people." Upstairs was a bedroom

with seven neat little beds. Going back to the kitchen, Snow White had an idea.

"I'll make them something to eat. When they come home, they'll be glad to find a meal ready."

Towards dusk, seven tiny men marched homewards singing. But when they opened the door, to

their surprise they found a bowl of hot steaming soup on the table, and the whole house spick

and span. Upstairs was Snow White, fast asleep on one of the beds. The chief dwarf prodded her

gently.

"Who are you?" he asked. Snow White told them her sad story, and tears sprang to the dwarfs'

eyes. Then one of them said, as he noisily blew his nose:

"Stay here with us!"

"Hooray! Hooray!" they cheered, dancing joyfully round the little girl. The dwarfs said to Snow

White:

"You can live here and tend to the house while we're down the mine. Don't worry about your

stepmother leaving you in the forest. We love you and we'll take care of you!" Snow White

gratefully accepted their hospitality, and next morning the dwarfs set off for work. But they

warned Snow White not to open the door to strangers.

Snow White (Picture Source : Google.co.id)

Meanwhile, the servant had returned to the castle, with the heart of a roe deer. He gave it to the

cruel stepmother, telling her it belonged to Snow White, so that he could claim the reward.

Highly pleased, the stepmother turned again to the magic mirror. But her hopes were dashed, for

the mirror replied: "The loveliest in the land is still Snow White, who lives in the seven dwarfs'

cottage, down in the forest." The stepmother was beside herself with rage.

"She must die! She must die!" she screamed. Disguising herself as an old peasant woman, she

put a poisoned apple with the others in her basket. Then, taking the quickest way into the forest,

she crossed the swamp at the edge of the trees. She reached the bank unseen, just as Snow White

stood waving goodbye to the seven dwarfs on their way to the mine.

Snow White was in the kitchen when she heard the sound at the door: KNOCK! KNOCK!

"Who's there?" she called suspiciously, remembering the dwarfs advice.

"I'm an old peasant woman selling apples," came the reply.

"I don't need any apples, thank you," she replied.

"But they are beautiful apples and ever so juicy!" said the velvety voice from outside the door.

"I'm not supposed to open the door to anyone," said the little girl, who was reluctant to disobey

her friends.

"And quite right too! Good girl! If you promised not to open up to strangers, then of course you

can't buy. You are a good girl indeed!" Then the old woman went on.