Ostracods (Crustacea) through the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China: the Meishan stratotype...

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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, Vol. 8, Issue 3, September 2010, 331–370

Ostracods (Crustacea) through the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China:the Meishan stratotype (Zhejiang Province)

Sylvie Crasquina!, Marie-Beatrice Forelb, Feng Qinglaic, Yuan Aihuac, Francois Baudinb and Pierre-Yves Collinb

aCNRS, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7207 CR2P, Laboratoire de Micropaleontologie, T.46-56, E.5, case 104, 75252 Paris Cedex 05,France; bUPMC Universite Paris 06, CNRS—UMR 7207 CR2P, Laboratoire de Micropaleontologie, T.46-56, E.5, case 104, 75252 ParisCedex 05, France; cState Key Laboratory of Geo-Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074,

P. R. China

(Received 6 April 2009; accepted 10 March 2010)

The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian–Triassic boundary, located in Meishan, Zhejiang Province,South China, was sampled bed-by-bed for ostracods. Ninety-eight species belonging to forty-three genera are recognized.Twenty-five new species are described and figured: Bairdia bassoni Crasquin sp. nov., B. broutini Crasquin sp. nov., B.deweveri Crasquin sp. nov., B. fangnianqiaoi Crasquin sp. nov., B. gaelleae Crasquin sp. nov., B. limatusformis Forel sp.nov., B. paussi Crasquin sp. nov., B. pierrevalentini Crasquin sp. nov., B. wushunbaoi Crasquin sp. nov., Baschkirina balleiCrasquin sp. nov., B. huzhouensis Forel sp. nov., Basslerella annesophieae Crasquin sp. nov., Hollinella martensiformisCrasquin sp. nov., Kempfina taihuensis Forel sp. nov., Knightina hongfui Crasquin sp. nov., Liuzhinia praeantalyaensisForel sp. nov., Microcheilinella rectodorsata Forel sp. nov., M. shicheni Crasquin sp. nov., M.? multinodosa Forel sp. nov.,Orthobairdia lemairei Crasquin sp. nov., Paraparchites chenshii Crasquin sp. nov., Praezabythocypris? pulchraformis Forelsp. nov., Samarella meishanella Forel sp. nov., S. victori Crasquin sp. nov., and Silenites? zhejiangensis Forel sp. nov. Onenew genus name is proposed: Kempfina Crasquin nom. nov. The stratigraphic distribution of all the species is given. Ostracodbiodiversity variations are analyzed through the section. The main drop is recorded in bed 22, occurring a little earlier inostracods than in foraminifers, corals and brachiopods. The decline in ostracod diversity is more progressive than in theother groups. Variations in ostracod biodiversity during the Changhsingian are related to fluctuations in palaeoenvironmentalconditions.

Keywords: Ostracoda; taxonomy; Permian–Triassic boundary; Meishan stratotype

Introduction

The GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) of thePermian–Triassic boundary (PTB) is located at Meishan,Zhejiang Province, South-East China (Fig. 1). As the inter-national reference for the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic boundary(Yin et al. 2001), this section has been intensively studiedpalaeontologically, sedimentologically and geochemically(Yin et al. 1994, 2001, 2007 and references herein). Theostracods were studied by Shi & Chen (1987). The presentpaper is the result of new investigations in the Meishansection using modern processing methods and an up to daterevision of the material in the light of recent works on PTBostracods.

Geological setting

It is not the goal of this paper to describe the Meishansection in detail as this was done by Yin et al. (1994, 1996,

!Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

2001). Figure 2 summarizes the section and the location ofthe processed samples. The lower part was sampled at Meis-han D section (stratotype section), the upper part (protectedin D section) at Meishan A section, 200 m to the west.

Material and methods

Seventy samples spanning the Permian–Triassic boundarywere processed by hot acetolysis (Lethiers & Crasquin-Soleau 1988; Crasquin-Soleau et al. 2005), which allowsthe extraction of calcareous ostracod tests contained incalcareous rocks. Forty-three samples yielded ostracods,four with undeterminable material. A little more than 8100specimens were isolated. Ninety-eight species belongingto forty-four genera are identified and figured. Twenty-five species are new and described here. Nearly all thespecimens are represented by closed complete carapaces,precluding the observation of internal characters (hinge andmuscle scars). This lack of information leads often to uncer-tainties in systematic attributions. For the Bairdiiadae in

ISSN 1477-2019 print / 1478-0941 onlineCopyright C" 2010 The Natural History MuseumDOI: 10.1080/14772011003784992http://www.informaworld.com

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332 S. Crasquin et al.

Figure 1. Location of the Meishan section (after Yin et al. 2001). In the lower map, the star represents the location of section D, the GSSP.

particular, the only usable characters are the lateral anddorsal outlines.

All specimens are deposited in the collections of thePierre et Marie Curie University (Paris, France) (numbers:P6M xx).

Systematic Palaeontology (SC and MBF)

For all new species a full description is given. For otherspecies only the synonymy and occurrence are specified.Dimensions refer only to specimens studied by the authors.

We follow the systematic classification of Moore (1961)and Lethiers (1981).

Abbreviations: L, length; H, height; W, width; AB, ante-rior border; VB, ventral border; PB, posterior border; DB,dorsal border; LV, left valve; RV, right valve.

Class Ostracoda Latreille, 1806Subclass Podocopa Muller, 1894

Order Palaeocopida Henningsmoen, 1953

Suborder Beyrichicopina Scott, 1961Superfamily Oepilelloidea Jaanusson, 1957

Family Aparchitidae Jones, 1901Genus Cyathus Roth & Skinner, 1930

Cyathus caperata (Guan, 1978)(Fig. 3A-D)

1978 Sinocoelonella caperata Guan in Guan et al.: 149, pl.37, fig. 17, pl. 38, fig. 1.

1986 Cyathus caperatus (Guan); Chen & Bao: 111, pl. 4,fig. 3.

1987 Cyathus caperata (Guan); Shi & Chen: 32, pl. 10, figs10–18.

2009 Cyathus caperata (Guan, 1978); Yuan et al.: pl. 1, fig.15.

Occurrence. Wugang, Hunan Province, Early Permian(Guan et al. 1978). Saiwa section, Guizhou Province, LatePermian (Yuan et al. 2009). Meishan section, Baoqing andMeishan members (Shi & Chen 1987); beds 11, 15, 16,



Ostracods from South China: the Meishan stratotype 333

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19, 21 and 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Cyathus elliptica Shi, 1987(Fig. 3E-H)

1987 Cyathus elliptica Shi in Shi & Chen: 32, pl. 10, figs20–23, pl. 17, figs 5, 6.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing and Meishanmembers (Shi & Chen 1987); beds 4, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16,19, 21 to 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Superfamily Kirkbyoidea Ulrich & Bassler, 1906Family Kirkbyidae Ulrich & Bassler, 1906

Genus Knightina Kellett, 1933

Knightina hongfui Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 3R-U)

Diagnosis. Knightina with large PB; kirkbyan pit round;AB subvertical; postero-ventral border underlined by a thinridge; thin ridge on shoulders.

Material. Holotype: P6M2368, one complete carapace(Fig. 3T), bed 22. Paratypes: P6M2366, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 3R), bed 22; P6M2367, one complete carapace(Fig. 3S), bed 22. All from the Meishan section, ChangxingFormation, Meishan Member, Late Permian. Six completecarapaces and seven broken carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 13, 14, 15, 21 and22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing and Meis-han members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Description. Subrectangular carapace; radius of curvatureof PB smaller than AB; DB long and straight; AB withlarge radius of curvature, nearly vertical, maximum curva-ture located between mid and upper third of height; VBlong and straight; maximum height located at anterior thirdof length; PB with maximum of curvature located at theupper third of height; two shoulders with the posterior onemore developed; presence of a thin ridge on the upper partof the shoulders; free margins underlined by a fold with-out reticulation and with a small ridge in posteroventralpart; kirbkyan pit quite round and located at mid heightand mid length; surface shows a strong and wide-meshedreticulation; reticulation present on all the carapace exceptthe free margin ridge; LV overlaps RV on all free margins;0.54<H/L<0.58.

Dimensions. For complete carapaces L = 417–811 µm; H= 247–444 µm.

Etymology. Dedicated to Prof. Yin Hongfu, China Univer-sity of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, investigator of theMeishan stratotype.

Remarks. Knightina hongfui sp. nov. differs from K.hungarica Kozur, 1985 (see below), from the Wuchiapin-gian and Changhsingian of Hungary and South China, in itslarger PB, postero-ventral ridge, round kirkbyan pit, largeand subvertical AB, and thin ridge on the upper part of thelobes.

Knightina hungarica Kozur, 1985(Fig. 3O, P)

1985 Knightina hungarica Kozur: 26, pl. 6, figs 9, 12.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Wuchiapingian(Abadehian), early Late Permian. Meishan section, bed 22(see Supplementary Material), Meishan Member, Changx-ing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Knightina bullaensis Crasquin, 2008(Fig. 3V)

2008 Knightina bullaensis Crasquin in Crasquin et al.: 244,pl. 1, figs 16, 17.

Occurrence. Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, BellerophonFormation, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Meishan section,bed 22 (see Supplementary Material), Meishan Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Knightina sp. A(Fig. 3W)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 15? and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Knightina sp. B(Fig. 3N)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 29 (see SupplementaryMaterial), Yinkeng Formation, Griesbachian, Early Trias-sic.

Genus Shleesha Sohn, 1961Shleesha sullivanensis (Payne, 1937) sensu Shi & Chen,

2002(Fig. 3X)

2002 Shleesha sullivanensis (Payne); Shi & Chen: 59, pl.1, fig. 9.

Remarks. The specimen figured here belongs to thespecies described by Shi & Chen (2002). However, thisspecies is not Shleesha sullivanensis (Payne), originallydescribed from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Indiana, USA.The specimens from Central Guangxi (Shi & Chen 2002)



Figure 3. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A-D, Cyathus caperata (Guan, 1978); A, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2349; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2350; C, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2351; D, ventralview of a complete carapace, P6M2352. E-H, Cyathus elliptica Shi, 1987; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2353; F,left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2354; G, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2355; H, dorsal view of a completecarapace, P6M2356. I, J, Knoxiella infirma Shi, 1982; I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2357; J, left lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2358. K, Indivisia sp. 1, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2359. L, Indivisia symmetrica Kozur, 1985,left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2360. M, Indivisia cf. buekkensis Kozur, 1985, left lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2361. N, Knightina sp. B, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2362. O, P, Knightina hungarica Kozur, 1985; O, left lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2363; P, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2364. Q, Triassocythere cf. prisca Kozur, 1985,left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2365. R-U, Knightina hongfui Crasquin sp. nov.; R, paratype, left lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2366; S, paratype, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2367; T, holotype, left lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2368; U, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2369. V, Knightina bullaensis Crasquin, 2008, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2370. W, Knightina sp. A, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2371. X, Shleesha sullivanensis (Payne, 1937)sensu Shi & Chen, 2002, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2372. Y, Shleesha sp.1, left lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2373. Scale bars represent 100 µm.



and from Zhejiang (this work) are more elongated, have asmaller PB, and have no ridge in posteroventral part. Theysurely belong to a new species but for the time being we donot have enough material to establish this formally.

Occurrence. Matan section, Central Guangxi, Wuchiapin-gian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, bed 15 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing Member, ChangxingFormation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Shleesha sp. 1(Fig. 3Y)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 11 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Baoqing Member, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Aurikirkbya Sohn, 1950?Aurikirkbya alta Shi, 1982

(Fig. 4C)

1982 Aurikirkbya alta Shi in Chen & Shi: 111, pl. 1, figs9–14.

1987 Aurikirkbya alta Shi; Shi & Chen: 30, pl. 10, fig. 1.


Remarks. The question mark over the specific attributionis related to the fact that the carapace of the available spec-imen is broken.

Superfamily Hollinoidea Swartz, 1936Family Hollinellidae Bless & Jordan, 1971

Genus Hollinella Coryell, 1928Hollinella martensiformis Crasquin sp. nov.

(Fig. 4D-F)

1987 Hollinella tingi (Patte); Shi & Chen: 30, pl. 16, figs2, 4.

Diagnosis. Hollinella with accurate cardinal angles, frillformed of a row of small tubercles and lobes poorly marked.

Material. Holotype: P6M2381, one complete carapace(Fig. 4F), bed 21, Meishan Member. Paratype: P6M2379,one complete carapace (Fig. 4D), bed 22, Meishan Member.All from Meishan section, Changxing Formation, LatePermian. Six complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member, Changx-ing Formation (Shi & Chen 1987), beds 19, 21 and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Meishan Member; Changhsin-gian, Late Permian.

Description. Carapace with long straight DB; cardinalangles clear: both 110# to 120#; AB with large radiuscurvature, maximum curvature located a little above midheight; VB regularly arched with maximum height locatedin front of mid length; PB with small radius of curva-ture, with maximum of curvature located close to DB; frillcomposed of a row of individualised tubercles regularlyspaced; L1 and S1 observable only in the large specimens(Fig. 4F); L2 located in front of mid length and in theupper quarter of height; S2 located not below mid height;L3 poorly expressed in small forms, going over hinge linein the greatest specimens; maximum of thickness at midlength; surface could be reticulated (observed only on onespecimen).

Dimensions. H: 290–567 µm; L: 515–936 µm.

Etymology. From the similarity with Hollinella martensiCrasquin-Soleau, 1999 (in Crasquin-Soleau et al. 1999).

Remarks. Hollinella martensiformis sp. nov. is very simi-lar to H. martensi Crasquin-Soleau, 1999 from the EarlyWordian (Middle Permian) of the Sultanate of Oman(Crasquin-Soleau et al. 1999). The two species have thesame row of tubercles which follows the free margins.However, H. martensiformis sp. nov. has more markedcardinal angles, the lobes are less expressed, and there areno distinct tubercles on the lobes. The second row of tuber-cles is absent.

Superfamily Youngielloidea Kellett, 1933Family Youngiellidae Kellett, 1933

Genus Permoyoungiella Kozur, 1985Permoyoungiella bogschi Kozur, 1985

(Fig. 4G, H)

1985 Permoyoungiella bogschi Kozur: 44, pl. 9, figs 9–13.2004 Permoyoungiella bogschi Kozur; Crasquin-Soleau

et al.: 285, pl. 1, fig. 19.

Occurrence. Wuchiapingian, Bukk Mountains, Hungary(Kozur 1985). Curuk Dag section, Western Taurus Turkey,Wordian (Crasquin-Soleau et al. 2004). Meishan section,beds 16 and 19 (see Supplementary Material), ChangxingFormation, Baoqing and Meishan members, Changhsin-gian, Late Permian.

Suborder Kloedenellocopina Scott, 1961Superfamily Kloedenelloidea Ulrich & Bassler, 1908

Family Knoxitidae Egorov, 1950Genus Knoxiella Egorov, 1950Knoxiella infirma Shi, 1982

(Fig. 3I, J)

1982 Knoxiella infirma Shi in Chen & Shi: 115, pl. 1, figs15–21.


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235007469_A_new_ostracode_fauna_from_the_Permian-Triassic_boundary_in_Turkey_Taurus_Antalya_Nappes?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-fa5f7c24a72f177063a12aa0a6f16f5d-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzUwOTQ0Mjc5O0FTOjEwMTIzNTAwODk5OTQyOUAxNDAxMTQ3NzE1NTU5


Figure 4. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A, B, Langdaia cf. laolongdongensis Crasquin-Soleau & Kershaw, 2005;A, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2374; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2375; C, ?Aurikirkbya altaShi, 1982, lateral view of a broken valve, P6M2376. D-F, Hollinella martensiformis Crasquin sp. nov.; D, paratype, left lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2379; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2380; F, holotype, left lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2381. G, H, Permoyoungiella bogschi Kozur, 1985; G, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2377; H, left lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2378. I, J, Mennerella sp. sensu Shi & Chen, 1987; I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2382; J, leftlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2383. K, L, Shemonaella sp.1; K, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2384; L, leftlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2385. M-S, Paraparchites chenshii Crasquin sp. nov.; M, left lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2386; N, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2387; O, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2388; P,holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2389; Q, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2390; R, paratype, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2391; S, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2392. T-X, Samarella victori Crasquinsp. nov.; T, holotype, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2393; U, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2394;V, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2395; W, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2393; X, dorsal viewof a complete carapace, P6M2397. Y-A’, Samarella meishanella Forel sp. nov.; Y, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2398; Z, left lateral view of a left valve, P6M2399; A’, holotype, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2400. B’, C’, Polycope?sp.; B’, lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M 2401; C’, lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M 2402. D’, E’, ?Pseudorayellahungarica Kozur, 1985; D’, left lateral view of a left valve, P6M2403; E’, left lateral view of a left valve, P6M2404. F’, G’, Healdiacypris?sp.; F’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2405; G’, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2406. Scale bars are 100 µm.



1987 Knoxiella infirma Shi; Shi & Chen: 33, pl. 16, figs6–11.

Occurrence. Mianyang borehole, Hubei Province (Chen& Shi 1982), Late Permian. Meishan section, beds 35, 36,39, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987); bed 21, Meis-han Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian (see Supplementary Material).

Genus Langdaia Wang, 1978Langdaia cf. laolongdongensis Crasquin-Soleau &

Kershaw, 2005(Fig. 4A, B)

cf. 2005 Langdaia laologdongensis Crasquin-Soleau &Kershaw: 135, pl. 2, figs 7–12.

Remarks. The specimens from Meishan are comparableto L. laolongdongensis Crasquin-Soleau & Kershaw, 2005from the Early Triassic of Sichuan (South China) but theanterior cardinal angle is more acute and the carapace morerectangular.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 21 and 22 (see Supple-mentary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Family Indivisiidae Egorov, 1954Genus Indivisia Zaspelova, 1954

Indivisia symmetrica Kozur, 1985(Fig. 3L)

1985 Indivisia symmetrica Kozur: 19, pl. 4, figs 7, 8.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Late Permian.Meishan section, bed 5 (see Supplementary Material),Baoqing Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Indivisia cf. buekkensis Kozur, 1985(Fig. 3M)

cf. 1985 Indivisia buekkensis Kozur: 18, pl. 4, figs 1–3.


Indivisia sp.1(Fig. 3K)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 21 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Family Beyrichiopsidae Henningsmoen, 1953Genus Mennerella Egorov, 1950

Mennerella sp. sensu Shi & Chen, 1987(Fig. 4I, J)

1987 Mennerella sp.; Shi & Chen: 34, pl. 19, figs 4–7.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 13, 21 and 22,Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian (see Supplementary Mate-rial).

Order Palaeocopida Henningsmoen, 1953?Superfamily Paraparchitidea Scott, 1959 emend. Sohn,

1971Family Paraparchitidae Scott, 1959

Genus Paraparchites Ulrich & Bassler, 1906 emend.Scott, 1959

Paraparchites chenshii Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 4M-S)

1982 Paraparchites kansasensis Harris & Lalicker; Chen& Shi: 116, pl. 3, figs 1–3.

1987 Paraparchites kansasensis Harris & Lalicker; Shi &Chen: 34, pl. 11, figs 1–4.

2002 Paraparchites kansasensis Harris & Lalicker; Shi &Chen: 62, pl. 1, figs 26–30.

Diagnosis. Paraparchites with subrectangular carapace foradult stage, H/L ratio high and posterior part of DB gentlyconvex.

Material. Holotype: P6M2389, one complete carapace(Fig. 4P), bed 22. Paratypes: P6M2388, complete carapace(Fig. 4O), P6M91, complete carapace (Fig. 4R), both bed21. All from Meishan section, Meishan Member, Changx-ing Formation, Late Permian. Eleven complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Pingding section, Central Guangxi, Wuchi-apingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Wantong section, Jiangsu,Mianyang, Hubei (Chen & Shi 1982). Meishan section,Changxing Formation, beds 34 and 42, Baoqing Member(Shi & Chen 1987), beds 4, 21 and 22, Baoqing and Meis-han members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian (see Supplementary Material).

Description. Carapace subrectangular in the adult stage;0.72<H/L<0.80; DB long and arched in the posterior half;AB with large radius of curvature, with maximum curva-ture at mid height or just below; VB straight and long,quite parallel to DB at the adults (Fig. 4Q-S), at the larvae,slopes of DB and VB make an angle of 15–20#; PB withlarge radius of curvature, quite equal to AB for adults;LV overlaps RV all around free margins; carapace slightlycompressed laterally on free margins particularly on ABand PB; surface smooth.

Dimensions. H: 250–929 µm; L: 377–1200 µm.

Etymology. Dedicated to Drs Chen Deqiong and ShiCongguang of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and


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Palaeontology who have described numerous ostracodsfrom the Permian–Triassic boundary in China.

Remarks. In the Chinese literature (Chen & Shi 1982; Shi& Chen 1982, 2002), the specimens described here are iden-tified as Paraparchites kansasensis Harris & Lalicker, 1932,which was originally described from the Early Permian ofKansas. Although both species have an adult rectangularcarapace in lateral view, P. chenshii sp. nov. has a greaterH/L ratio and the PB is only arched in its posterior part.We have a complete series of growth stages showing thatthe PB radius of curvature increases with the size of thecarapace.

Genus Shemonaella Sohn, 1971Shemonaella sp.1

(Fig. 4K, L)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11 and 13 (see Supple-mentary Material), Baoqing Member, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Samarella Polenova, 1952Samarella victori Crasquin sp. nov.

(Fig. 4T-X)

Diagnosis. Samarella with quite circular carapace inlateral view.

Material. Holotype: P6M2393, one complete carapace(Fig. 4T), bed 22, Meishan Member. Paratypes: twocomplete carapaces: P6M2394 (Fig. 4U), bed 22, MeishanMember; P6M 2395 (Fig. 4V), bed 16, Baoqing Member.All from Meishan section, Changxing Formation, LatePermian. Eighteen complete carapaces and ten broken cara-paces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 4, 11, 13, 16, 19, 22and 23 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing and Meis-han Members, Changxing Formation; Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Description. Carapace subcircular in lateral view; DBshort, straight at LV and curved at RV (DB overlaps hingeline at RV) with maximum of curvature at or a little in frontof mid length of hinge line; AB quite equivalent to PB,radius of curvature of PB could be a little smaller; carapaceamplete; LV overlaps RV all around free margins; dorsalview biconvex; hinge line straight.

Dimensions. H: 285–448 µm; L: 335–533 µm (seeFig. 5).

Etymology. Dedicated to Victor Soleau.

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Figure 5. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Samarella victoriCrasquin sp. nov.

Remarks. Samarella victori sp. nov. is close toChamishaella brosgei Sohn, 1971 from the Late Missis-sippian (Early Carboniferous) of Alaska in general outlinebut the latter species has a smaller H/L ratio. The differ-ences between the two genera are not clear. Sohn (1960)attributed the genus Samarella Polenova to Rishonidae anderected the genus Chamishaella in the Paraparchitidae in1971 with quite the same characters. Here, we follow theclassification of Moore (1961) and use the genus Samarella,which was described first.

Samarella meishanella Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 4Y-A’)

1982 Paraparchites texanus Delo; Chen & Shi: 117, pl. 3,figs 9–11.

1987 Paraparchites texanus Delo; Shi & Chen: 35, pl. 11,figs 5–12.

2002 Paraparchites subrotundus (Ulrich); Shi & Chen: 62,pl. 1, figs 31–33.

Diagnosis. Samarella with relatively high and subcircularcarapace outline (0.71<H/L<0.83), AB and PB equivalentin radius of curvature, dorsal shoulder in front of mid-lengthof hinge line.

Material. Holotype: P6M2400, one complete carapace(Fig. 4A’), bed 22. Paratype: P6M2398, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 4Y), bed 22. All from Meishan section, Changx-ing Formation, Meishan Member, Late Permian. Sixteencomplete carapaces and three broken carapaces.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, CentralGuangxi, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Mianyangsection, Hubei (Chen & Shi 1982). Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen1987), beds 11, 13, 15, 21, 22 (see Supplementary Mate-rial), Baoqing and Meishan members; Changhsingian, LatePermian.







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Figure 6. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Samarella meis-hanella Forel sp. nov.

Description. Carapace relatively high for the genus(0.71<H/L<0.83), subcircular in lateral outline; AB withlarge radius of curvature with maximum of convexitylocated above mid height; VB regularly rounded; LV over-laps RV all around free margins with maximum in ventralpart of the carapace; overlapping sizeable; maximum ofheight located near mid length; PB with large radius ofcurvature, quite equivalent to AB; DB straight at RV andarched at LV, getting past hinge line; maximum DB curva-ture is located in front mid length; carapace thick, withmaximum of thickness located around mid length.

Dimensions. H: 250–423 µm; L: 327–561 µm (see Fig.6).

Etymology. From the town of Meishan, the type locality.

Remarks. Compared with this new species, Paraparchitestexanus Delo, 1930 from the Permian of Texas has anamplete carapace with maximum height located at the ante-rior cardinal angle and does not show overlap reversal. Para-parchites subrotundus (Ulrich, 1891) from the Devonian ofOhio has the reversal of overlap but the carapace is longer(H $ L/2) and amplete.

Order Podocopida Muller, 1894Suborder Bairdiocopina Sars, 1887Superfamily Bairdioidea Sars, 1887

Family Bairdiidae Sars, 1887Genus Bairdia McCoy, 1844

Bairdia bassoni Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 7Y-Z, C’-F’)

1982 Bairdia radlerae Kellett; Chen & Shi: 121, pl. 4, figs9, 10, pl. 5, figs 16.

1987 Cryptobairdia cf. compacta (Geis); Shi & Chen: 44,pl. 5, fig. 1.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with regularly arched DB,maximum height located at mid-length; extremitiescompressed laterally.

Material. Holotype: P6M2557, one complete carapace(Fig. 7D’), bed 23. Paratype: P6M2554, one completecarapace (Fig. 7Y), bed 22. Both from Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Meishan Member, Late Permian.Seventeen complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Mianyang section, Hubei Province, latestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982). Meishan section, Meis-han Member (Shi & Chen 1987), beds ?15, 19, ?21, 22and 23 (Supplementary Material), Baoqing? and Meis-han members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Description. Bairdioid with huge carapace; all dorsal partsregularly arched; DB of LV regularly arched; DB of RVnearly straight to slightly arched; AB with radius of curva-ture quite large, with maximum of convexity located belowmid-height; VB nearly straight; PB with bairdiid beakpoorly expressed and maximum of convexity located nearlower third of length; maximum of height located at mid-length; H/L = 0.65; extremities compressed laterally; over-lapping well expressed along dorsal parts of the carapace;ornamentation is observable on some specimens: reticula-tion (Fig. 7Y) or small nodes in PV part of the carapace(Fig. 7E’).

Dimensions. L: 435–900 µm; H: 290–563 µm (see Fig.8).

Etymology. Dedicated to Benjamin Basson.

Remarks. This species is characterized by high variability,with all transitional forms. Particularly, the shape of DBof RV can be straight to convex, and the overlap, alwayspresent on dorsal parts of the carapace, can be more or lessimportant.

Bairdia bassoni sp. nov. differs from B. ortiseiensisCrasquin, 2008 (Late Changhsingian of Bulla section,Southern Alps, Italy; Crasquin et al. 2008) by its dorsalshape which is more rounded and shows at the AB a largerradius of curvature. Bairdia radlerae Kellett, 1934 from theearly Permian of Kansas (Kellett 1934) has parallel DB andVB. Bairdia compacta Geis, 1932 from the Mississippian(Early Carboniferous of Indiana, USA) has an AB with agreater radius of curvature.

The specimens discovered in beds 15 and 22 are doubt-fully attributed to this species.

Bairdia broutini Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 9O-T)

1987 Rectobairdia tantilla (Kummerow); Shi & Chen: 41,pl. 5, figs 3, 4, 7, 8 (?5, 6, 9, 10).

2002 Rectobairdia tantilla (Kummerow); Shi & Chen: 71,pl. 8, figs 5–7, pl. 9, figs 6–9.


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Figure 7. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A, B, Bairdia hassi Sohn, 1960; A, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2530; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2531. C, Bairdia permagna Geis sensu Shi & Chen, 2002, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2532. D, Bairdia sp. A, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2533. E, F, Bairdiasubleguminoides Chen, 1987; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2534; F, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2535. G-N, Bairdia urodeloformis Chen, 1987; G, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2542; H, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2543; I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2544; J, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2545; K, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2546; L, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2547; M, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2548; N, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2549. O-T, Bairdia deweveri Crasquinsp. nov.; O, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2536; P, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2537; Q,paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2538; R, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2539; S, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2540; T, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2541. U-X, Bairdia wushunbaoi Crasquin sp.nov.; U, external view of a left valve, P6M2550; V, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2551; W, external view of aleft valve, P6M2552; X, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2553. Y-Z, C’-F’, Bairdia bassoni Crasquin sp. nov.; Y,paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2554; Z, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2555; C’, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2556, D’, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2557; E’, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2558; F’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2559. A’, B’, Orthobairdia sp. 2; A’, right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2560; B’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2561. Scale bar is 100 µm.



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Figure 8. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia bassoniCrasquin sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with very large AB, heightquite the same from posterior part of DB to anterior part ofADB; H/L = 0.62.

Material. Holotype: P6M2576, one complete carapace(Fig. 9O), bed 11, Baoqing Member. Paratype: P6M2580,one complete carapace (Fig. 9R), bed 22, MeishanMember. Both from Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Fourteen completecarapaces.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvinces, Wuchiapingian. Meishan section, Baoqing andMeishan members (Shi & Chen 1987), beds 11, 15, 16, 19and 22 (see Supplementary Material), Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with slightly archeddorsal parts; DB and ADB quite straight at RV, gentlyarched at LV; AB with great radius of curvature and maxi-mum of convexity located at mid height or above; VB quitestraight or gently concave at LV, concave at RV; PB poorlyexpressed; PDB straight; overlapping not very importantwith maximum at dorsal parts; maximum of height a littlebit in front of mid-height; carapace thin in dorsal view.


Etymology. Dedicated to Prof. Jean Broutin, UniversitePierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Remarks. Bairdia broutini sp. nov. differs from Rectobair-dia tantilla (Kummerow, 1953) from the Middle Devonianof Germany by its larger AB and less distinct posteriorbeak, and from Cryptobairdia heshanensis Chen, 2002 (Shi& Chen 2002) from the Wuchiapingian of Guangxi by itsmore horizontal dorsal parts. There is a quite importantvariation in H/L ratio for the adult forms.

Bairdia deweveri Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 7O-T)

1987 Bairdia cf. trianguliformis Chen; Shi & Chen: 37,pl. 2, figs 1–8.

1987 Bairdia galei Croneis & Thurman; Shi & Chen: 37,pl. 1, figs 19–22, pl. 19, fig. 11.

2008 Bairdia galei Croneis & Thurman, 1939 sensu Shi &Chen 1987; Crasquin et al.: pl. 2, figs 11, 12.

Diagnosis. Bairdia with straight DB at RV and gentlyarched at LV, AB with small radius of curvature, carapacecompressed laterally in postero-ventral part, thin and bicon-vex in dorsal view.

Material. Holotype: P6M2536, one complete carapace(Fig. 7O), bed 11. Paratype: P6M2538, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 7Q), bed 11. All from Meishan section, Changx-ing Formation, Baoqing Member, Late Permian. Twentycomplete carapaces.

Occurrence. Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, BullaMember, Bellerophon Formation, Changhsingian(Crasquin et al. 2008). Meishan section, ChangxingFormation, Baoqing and Meishan members (Shi & Chen1987), beds 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 22 (see SupplementaryMaterial), Baoqing and Meishan members, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with straight DB, ADBand PDB at RV with distinct angles between them; DB,ADB and PDB very slightly arched at LV; AB with smallradius of curvature, maximum of convexity located abovemid-height; VB quite straight at LV, concave at RV; PB withsmall radius of curvature, maximum of convexity locatedat the lower third of height; slight overlapping all along thecarapace, maximum at DB; carapace compressed laterallyin all the postero-ventral part of the carapace; maximum ofheight located at the anterior third of length; H/L = 0.50;carapace biconvex and thin in dorsal view; E/L = 0.30.

Dimensions. L = 400–1230 µm; H = 205–562 µm (seeFig. 11).

Etymology. Dedicated to Prof. Patrick De Wever, MuseumNational d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Remarks. Intraspecific variability is quite important, withthe shape of the DB of the LV varying continuously fromquite straight to arched. Bairdia galei Croneis & Thurman,1939, from the Late Mississippian (Early Carboniferous)of Illinois, has a much more angular DB than B. deweverisp. nov.

Bairdia fangnianqiaoi Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 9K-N)




Figure 9. Ostracods from Meishan section, southern China. A-D, Bairdia pierrevalentini Crasquin sp. nov.; A, paratype,right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2562; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2563; C, holotype, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2564; D, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2565. E-G, Bairdia limatusformis Forel sp. nov.; E, holotype, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2566; F, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2563; G, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2568. H-J, Bairdia paussi Crasquin sp. nov.; H, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2569;I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2570; J, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2570. K-N, Bairdiafangnianqiaoi Crasquin sp. nov.; K, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2572; L, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2573; M, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2574; N, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2575.O-T, Bairdia broutini Crasquin sp. nov.; O, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2576; P, right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2577; Q, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2578; R, paratype, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2580; S, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2581; T, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2579. U-W,Silenites? zhejiangensis Forel sp. nov.; U, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2582; V, paratype, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2583; W, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2587. X-Z, Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi, 1987; X, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2585; Y, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2586; Z, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2587. A’-B’, Fabalicypris parva Wang, 1978; A’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2588; B’, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2589. C’, Silenites sp. A; right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2590. D’-F’, Bairdiacyprisfornicata Shi, 1982; D’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2591; E’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2592; F’,right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2593. Scale bar is 100 µm.



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Figure 10. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia broutiniCrasquin sp. nov.

?1982 Bairdia piscariformis Chen; Chen & Shi: 122, pl. 4,fig. 11.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with a quite elongated cara-pace (H/L = 0.45), straight PDB, DB and ADB at LV; dorsalparts regularly arched at RV; PB quite slender.

Material. Holotype: P6M2572, one complete carapace(Fig. 8K), bed 16. Paratype: P6M2575, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 9N), bed 16. All from Meishan section, Changx-ing Formation, Baoqing Member, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Nine complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing and Meishanmembers (Shi & Chen 1987). Baoqing and Meishanmembers, beds 15, 16 and 19 (see Supplementary Mate-rial), Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with elongated carapace(H/L = 0.45); straight PDB, DB and ADB at LV; dorsalparts regularly arched at RV; AB with medium radius of

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Figure 11. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia deweveriCrasquin sp. nov.

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Figure 12. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia fangnian-qiaoi Crasquin sp. nov.

curvature and maximum convexity located high (above midheight); VB concave in both valves; PB quite elongatedwith small radius of curvature, maximum curvature locatedbelow lower third of height; maximum height located at theanterior part of DB; overlapping all around the carapacewith maximum at dorsal and ventral parts.


Etymology. In personal dedication to Prof. Fang Nianqiao,China University of Geosciences (Beijing).

Remarks. Bairdia fangnianqiaoi sp. nov. differs from B.subcontracta Chen, 1987 (Fig. 13S-V) in its maximumheight being more anterior, PB located lower and ADB lessconcave. Bairdia piscariformis Chen, 1958 sensu Chen &Shi, 1982 is questionably included in this new species. Ithas an AB with a smaller radius of curvature and is larger(see Fig. 12).

Bairdia cf. heishanensis (Chen, 2002)(Fig.13P)

cf. 2002 Cryptobairdia heishanensis Chen in Shi & Chen:70–71, pl. 8, figs 9–13, pl. 28, fig. 12.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11 and 15, BaoqingMember, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Bairdia gaelleae Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 13W-Z)

?2002 Bairdia hassi Sohn; Shi & Chen: 66, pl. 4, figs 11–15.

Diagnosis. Short bairdioid carapace, strongly convex indorsal view; AB and PB with small radius of curva-ture; anterior and posterior parts of the carapace flattenedlaterally.



Figure 13. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A, Abrobairdia bitubera Chen, 1982, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2502. B, Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen, 1982, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2503. C, Petasobairdiatricornuta Chen, 2002, external view of a left valve, P6M2504. D, E, Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen, 1987; D, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2505; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2506. F-H, Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen, 1987;F, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2507; G, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2508; H, right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2509. I, Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen, 1982, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2510. J,Ceratobairdia venterocostata Wang, 1978, external view of a broken left valve, P6M2511. K, ?Mirabairdia langshanensis Chen, 1982,right lateral view of a broken complete carapace, P6M2512. L, Mirabairdia cf minuta Chen, 1982, right lateral view of a broken completecarapace, P6M2513. M-O, Orthobairdia lemairei Crasquin sp. nov.; M, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2514;N, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2515; O, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2516. P, Bairdiacf. heishanensis (Chen, 2002), right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2517. Q, R, Orthobairdia sp.1; Q, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2518; R, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2519. S-V, Bairdia subcontracta Chen 1987; S, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2522; T, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2523; U, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2524; V, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2525. W-Z, Bairdia gaelleae Crasquin sp. nov.; W, holotype, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2526; X, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2527; Y, paratype, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2528; Z, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2529. Scale bar is 100 µm.



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Figure 14. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia gaelleaeCrasquin sp. nov.

Material. Holotype: P6M2526, one complete carapace(Fig. 13W), bed 11. Paratype: P6M2528, one completecarapace (Fig. 13Y), bed 13. All from Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Baoqing Member, Changhsingian,Late Permian. Twelve complete carapaces.

Occurrence. ?Wuchiapingian of Matan and Pingdingsections (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, beds 8,11, 13, 16, 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Description. Short, thick-set bairdioid carapace (H/L =0.66) with DB straight at RV, arched at LV; AB withsmall to medium radius of curvature with maximum ofconvexity located at mid height; VB convex in both valves;PB with very small radius of curvature and maximum ofconvexity located low (lower fifth of height); PDB straightto concave; posterior and anterior parts of the carapacestrongly compressed laterally; maximum height located infront of mid-length; overlapping important on dorsal parts;carapace strongly convex in dorsal view (W/L = 0.48).


Etymology. Dedicated to Gaelle Litaudon.

Remarks. Shi & Chen (1987, pl.1, figs 8–12; 2002, pl. 2,figs 5–12) figured specimens attributed to Bairdia crassaHarlton, 1929 first described from the Pennsylvanian (LateCarboniferous) of Texas. Bairdia crassa has a higher cara-pace at the posterior part and an AB with a larger radius ofcurvature. However, B. gaelleae sp. nov. is very close to thespecimens described by Shi & Chen (1987, 2002) in generaloutline but lacks a ventral ridge, has a shorter carapace andthere is no ‘disappearance’ of overlapping at PDB which ischaracteristic of all the Shi & Chen specimens.

In 2002, Shi & Chen figured some specimens from theWuchiapingian of the Matan and Pingding sections of SouthChina which they attributed to Bairdia hassi Sohn, 1960.These do not belong to this species, which has no centralbulge (Sohn 1960, p. 27). The figured specimens couldbelong to B. gaelleae sp. nov., but the specimen on their pl.4, figs 14, 15 seems to be thinner.

Bairdia hassi Sohn, 1960(Fig. 7A, B)

1960 Bairdia hassi Sohn: 27, pl. 1, figs 28, 29.1987 Bairdia hassi Sohn; Shi & Chen: 38, pl. 2, figs 11–19.?2008 Bairdia sp.4; Crasquin et al.: pl. 3, fig. 4.

Occurrence. Central USA, Late Pennsylvanian–Permian(Sohn 1960). ?Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, Bulla Mem-ber, Bellerophon Formation, Changhsingian (Crasquinet al. 2008). Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi &Chen 1987), bed 22 (see Supplementary Material), Meis-han Member, Changxing Formation, Late Permian.

Bairdia limatusformis Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 9E-G)

1987 Silenites limatus Guan; Shi & Chen: 62, pl. 15, figs15–19.

non 2002 Silenites limatus Guan; Shi & Chen: 95, pl. 27,figs 2–17.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with regularly arched dorsalparts at LV; straight DB, ADB and PDB at RV; extremitiesflattened ventrally.

Material. Holotype: P6M2566, one complete carapace(Fig. 9E), bed 16, Baoqing Member. Paratype: P6M2563,one complete carapace (Fig. 9F), bed 22, MeishanMember. Both from Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Nine complete cara-paces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing and Meishanmembers (Shi & Chen 1987), Baoqing and Meishanmembers, beds 15 and 22 (see Supplementary Material),Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with all the dorsal partsregularly arched at LV; DB, ADB and PDB straight atRV; AB with quite large radius of curvature and maxi-mum of convexity located below mid height; ventral partsslightly concave; PB with Bairdia beak poorly expressedbut clearly present, maximum of convexity located low;maximum height located at mid length; AB, PB flattened atthe extremities of the carapace.






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Figure 15. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia limatus-formis Forel sp. nov.

Etymology. From Silenites limatus Guan, 1978 which hasan outline close to the new species.

Remarks. Shi & Chen (1987) figured three specimensattributed to Silenites limatus Guan, 1978. However, thesespecimens present a typical Bairdia beak and therefore areintegrated into the new species Bairdia limatusformis sp.nov.

Bairdia paussi Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 9H-J)

1987 Cryptobairdia folgeri (Kellett); Shi & Chen: 44, pl. 5,figs 21–26.

2002 Cryptobairdia folgeri (Kellett); Shi & Chen: 69, pl. 8,figs 14–16.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with a long straight DB; ABwith large radius of curvature, extremities flattened in dorsalview, H/L = 0.43.

Material. Holotype: P6M2569, one complete carapace(Fig. 9H), bed 22, Meishan Member. Paratype: P6M2570,one complete carapace (Fig. 9J), bed 13, BaoqingMember. All from Meishan section, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian. Eleven complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Matan section, Guangxi Province, Wuchi-apingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, Baoqingand Meishan members (Shi & Chen 1987), Baoqing andMeishan members, beds 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21 and22 (see Supplementary Material), Changxing Formation,Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with long ($ 40–45% ofL) straight DB at both valves; ADB long ($ 35–40% ofL) and straight at both valves; angle between DB andADB = 130–140#; AB with quite large radius of curva-ture, maximum of convexity located near mid height; VBquite straight at LV and gently concave at RV; PB with small

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Figure 16. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia paussiCrasquin sp. nov.

radius of curvature and maximum of convexity located nearthe lower third of height; PDB nearly straight at both valves;moderate overlapping with maximum at dorsal parts; cara-pace biconvex in dorsal view with extremities flattened.


Etymology. Dedicated to Andre Pauss.

Remarks. The specimens figured by Chen & Shi (1982) asBairdia folgeri Kellett, 1934 and included in the synonymyby Shi & Chen (1987 and 2002) either belong, or are veryclose, to Bairdia folgeri Kellett, 1934, originally describedfrom the Late Pennsylvanian of USA, but differ from thespecimens assigned to Bairdia paussi sp. nov. by their moreangular DB and smaller radius of curvature of DB.

Bairdia permagna Geis sensu Shi & Chen, 2002(Fig. 7C)

2002 Bairdia permagna Geis; Shi & Chen: 64, pl. 2, figs13–16, pl. 28, figs 8, 9.

Remarks. The specimen figured here belongs to thespecies described by Shi & Chen (2002). However, thisspecies is not Bairdia permagna Geis, 1932, originallydescribed from the Mississipian of Indiana, USA. The spec-imens from Central Guangxi (Shi & Chen 2002) and fromZhejiang (this work) could represent a new species but forthe time being we do not have enough material to establishthis formally.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishansection, beds 11 and 22, Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdia pierrevalentini Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 9A-D)



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Figure 17. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia pierrevalen-tini Crasquin sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with quite short carapace,straight DB at RV; AB with small radius of curvature;extremities strongly compressed.

Material. Holotype: P6M2564, one complete carapace(Fig. 9C), bed 15. Paratype: P6M2562, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 9A), bed 15. Both are from the Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Baoqing Member, Late Permian.Seven complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing and Meishanmembers, Changxing Formation, beds 11, 15 and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with quite short carapace(H/L = 0.63); DB straight at RV, arched at LV; ADB andPDB straight at both valves; AB with very small radiusof curvature, maximum of convexity located above mid-height; VB straight to gently concave at RV and gentlyconvex at LV; PVB in prolongation of VB; PB more or lesstapering, maximum of curvature located at lower third ofheight; in dorsal view, carapace thick in the middle part andextremities strongly compressed laterally.

Dimensions. L: 480–940 µm; H: 300–590 µm (seeFig. 17).

Etymology. Dedicated to Pierre-Valentin Soleau.

Remarks. The general outline of Bairdia pierrevalentinisp. nov. is reminiscent of B. guangxiensis Guan, 1978 (Guanet al. 1978; Shi & Chen 1987) from the Late Permian ofthe Meishan section. However, the DB of the RV is straight,and the PV ridge characteristic of B. guangxiensis is absent.

Bairdia subcontracta Chen, 1987(Fig. 13S-V)

1987 Bairdia subcontracta Chen in Shi & Chen: 40, pl. 4,figs 1–8.

2004 Bairdia subcontracta Chen; Yi: 558, pl.1, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Kongtongshan section, Fujian (Yi 2004).Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987),beds 11, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21 and 22 (see Supplementary Mate-rial), Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdia subleguminoides Chen, 1987(Fig. 7E, F)

1987 Bairdia subleguminoides Chen in Shi & Chen: 39, pl.3, figs 14–16.

2002 Bairdia subleguminoides Chen; Shi & Chen: 68, pl.6, figs 3–7.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, Wuchiapin-gian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, ChangxingFormation, Meishan Member (Shi & Chen 1987), beds14, 19 and 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdia urodeloformis Chen, 1987(Figs 7G-N, 18)

1982 Rectobairdia firmata Chen; Chen & Shi: pl. 7, fig. 10only.

1987 Bairdia macdonelli Harlton; Shi & Chen: 35, pl. 1,figs 1–7, pl. 18, figs 1–4.

1987 Bairdia urodeloformis Chen in Shi & Chen: 40, pl. 4,figs 17–23.

2002 Bairdia macdonelli Harlton; Shi & Chen: 63, pl. 2,figs 1–4.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province (Chen& Shi 1982). Matan and Pingding sections (GuangxiProvince), Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishansection, Baoqing and Meishan members (Shi & Chen 1987),beds 4, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19 and 22 (see Supplementary Mate-rial), Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdia wushunbaoi Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 7U-X)

1987 Bairdia geisi Kellett; Shi & Chen: 36, pl. 1, figs 13–18.1987 Bairdia cf. geisi Kellett; Shi & Chen: 39, pl. 9, figs

20–22.1992 Bairdia urodeloformis Chen; Yi: pl. 1, fig. 14.2002 Bairdia geisi Kellett; Shi & Chen: 64, pl. 2, figs 17–21.2004 Bairdia urodeloformis Chen; Yi: pl. 2, fig. 11.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species showing AB with very smallradius of curvature and maximum of convexity located veryhigh, at DB level; extremities strongly flattened.

Material. Holotype: P6M2551, one complete carapace(Fig. 7V), bed 22, Meishan Member. Paratype: P6M2553,one complete carapace (Fig. 7X), bed 13, Baoqing


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285844258_Ostracodes_from_the_Upper_Permian_and_Lower_Triassic_at_the_Kongtong_Shan_Section_of_Datian_Fujian?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-fa5f7c24a72f177063a12aa0a6f16f5d-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzUwOTQ0Mjc5O0FTOjEwMTIzNTAwODk5OTQyOUAxNDAxMTQ3NzE1NTU5




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macdonelliurodeloformis

Figure 18. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia urodelo-formis Chen, 1987.

Member. Both from Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Six complete cara-paces.

Occurrence. Dongkeng Section (Datian, Fujian Province),Changxing Formation (Yi 1992, 2004). Matan and Pingdingsections (Guangxi Province), Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen2002). Meishan section, Baoqing and Meishan members(Shi & Chen 1987), beds 13, 15, 22 and 23 (see Supple-mentary Material), Changxing Formation. Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with general spindle-shape, elongated from AD part to PV part; DB straight inboth valves, strongly inclined to posterior part; ADB gentlyconcave and more or less horizontal; AB with very smallradius of curvature and maximum of convexity located high,which can reach the DB level; VB straight; PB in beak shapewhich could be very long (broken in most cases), more orless in the same line as VB; extremities strongly flattenedlaterally, overlapping faint, with a maximum at ADB; H/L$ 0.53.

Dimensions. It is very difficult to give a precise length ofthe carapace because the posterior part is always brokenin all but the smallest specimens. The dimensions givenhere are estimates and include the measurements of Shi &Chen (1987, 2002) (see Fig. 19). L: 420–1320 µm; H: 210–700 µm.

Etymology. In honour of Prof. Wu Shunbao, Faculty ofEarth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan,Hubei Province, who has worked for a very long time onthe Meishan section and helped us to access the stratotype.

Remarks. Bairdia wushunbaoi sp. nov. differs from B.geisi Kellett from the Early Permian of Kansas by havinga DB that is more backwards plunging and the PB in thesame line as the VB. It differs from B. urodeloformis Chen,1987 from the Late Permian of South China (see below) inits higher AB and shorter carapace.

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Figure 19. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Bairdia wushunbaoiCrasquin sp. nov.

Bairdia sp. A(Fig. 7D)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 15, Baoqing Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdia? sp. B(Fig. 20J)


Bairdia? sp. C(Fig. 20D’)


Genus Abrobairdia Chen, 1982Abrobairdia bitubera Chen, 1982

(Fig. 13A)

1982 Abrobairdia bitubera Chen in Chen & Shi: 133, pl. 9,figs 1–11, pl. 10, figs 8–11.

1987 Abrobairdia bitubera Chen; Shi & Chen: 48, pl. 8,figs 5–8.

2002 Abrobairdia bitubera Chen; Shi & Chen: 78, pl. 11,figs 15–17, pl. 12, figs 1–3, 6–8.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province, LatestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982). Matan and Pingding sections,Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Baoqing and Meishan members(Shi & Chen 1987), bed 22 (see Supplementary Material),Meishan Member, Changxing Formation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Petasobairdia Chen, 1982Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen, 1982

(Fig. 13B)





1982 Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen in Chen & Shi: 130, pl.6, figs 10–15.

1987 Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen; Shi & Chen: 46, pl. 7,figs 17, 18, pl. 20, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province,Mianyang section, Hubei Province, latest Permian(Chen & Shi 1982). Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987), bed 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Meishan Member, ChangxingFormation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Petasobairdia tricornuta Chen, 2002(Fig. 13C)

2002 Petasobairdia tricornuta Chen in Shi & Chen: 76, pl.18, figs 1–13, pl. 19, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, Wuchiapin-gian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, bed 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Meishan Member, ChangxingFormation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen, 1982(Fig. 13I)

1982 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen in Chen & Shi: 130,pl. 6, figs 1, 2, 4–6 (non figs 3, 7–9).

1987 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen; Shi & Chen: 47,pl. 7, figs 12–16, pl. 19, figs 1–3.

2002 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen; Shi & Chen: 75,pl. 17, figs 7–9.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province,latest Permian (Chen & Shi 1982). Matan section,Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meis-han section, Changxing Formation, Baoqing and Meishanmembers (Shi & Chen 1987), bed 22 (see SupplementaryMaterial), Meishan Member, Changxing Formation,Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen, 1987(Fig. 13F-H)

1982 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen in Chen & Shi: 130,pl. 6, figs 7–9 (non figs 1–6).

1987 Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen; Shi & Chen:47, pl. 8, figs 1–4, pl. 19, figs 8, 9.

2002 Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen; Shi & Chen:75, pl. 17, figs 12–14.

2008 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen; Crasquin et al.: pl.4, figs 16, 17.

Occurrence. Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, Changhsin-gian (Crasquin et al. 2008); Nantong section, JiangsuProvince, Latest Permian (Chen & Shi 1982). Matan andPingding sections, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002).Meishan section, Changxing Formation, Baoqing Member

(Shi & Chen 1987), beds 15 and 22 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members, ChangxingFormation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Petasobairdia sp. A(Fig. 20X)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 15 and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Petasobairdia sp. B(Fig. 20W)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 27B (see Supplemen-tary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members, ChangxingFormation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Lobobairdia Kollmann, 1963Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen, 1982

(Fig. 13D, E)

1982 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen in Chen & Shi: 134,pl. 8, figs 1–6.

1987 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen; Shi & Chen: 45, pl.7, figs 4–8.

non 1992 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen; Yi: pl. 2, fig. 16.2002 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen; Shi & Chen: 79, pl.

13, figs 4, 8–17.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province, latestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982). Matan and Pingding sections,Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section,Baoqing and Meishan members (Shi & Chen 1987), beds16, 22 (see Supplementary Material), Changxing Forma-tion, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Ceratobairdia Sohn, 1954Ceratobairdia venterocostata Wang, 1978

(Fig. 13J)

1978 Ceratobairdia venterocostata primordialis Wang:292, pl. 3, fig. 8a-d.

1978 Ceratobairdia venterocostata tuberculata Wang: 292,pl. 3, fig. 9a-d.

1982 Ceratobairdia venterocostata tuberculata Wang;Chen & Shi: 128, pl. 5, figs 8–10.

1987 Ceratobairdia venterocostata Wang; Shi & Chen: 41,pl. 2, figs 9, 10.

2002 Ceratobairdia venterocostata Wang; Shi & Chen: 73,pl. 10, figs 12–14.

Occurrence. Latest Permian of Guizhou and Yunnan(Wang 1978). Nantong section, Jiangsu Province, LatestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982). Pingding section, Wuchiapin-gian (Shi & Chen 2002). Meishan section, Baoqing Member(Shi & Chen 1987), bed 23 (see Supplementary Material).







Figure 20. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A, B, Reversocypris permiana Shi, 1982; A, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2468; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2469. C, Cetollina lageniforma Shi, 2002, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2470. D, Pseudacanthoscapha striatula (Shi, 1982), right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2471.E, F, Cavellina cf. rotunda Cooper sensu Shi & Chen, 1987; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2472; F, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2473. G, Parabythocythere? cf. chongpani Crasquin, 2008, left lateral view of a left valve, P6M2474. H, Acratiachangxingensis (Shi, 1987), left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2475. I, Paramacrocypris sp. A, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2476. J, Bairdia? sp. B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2477. K, Birdsallela nitida Chen, 1987, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2478. L, Eumiraculum changxingensis Chen, 1987, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2479.M, Baschkirina? sp. A, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2480. N-V, Basslerella annesophieae Crasquin sp. nov.; N, holotype,right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2481; O, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2482; P, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M24783; Q, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2484; R, dorsal view of a complete carapace,P6M2485; S, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2486; T, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2487; U, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2488; V, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2489. W, Petasobairdia sp. B, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2490. X, Petasobairdia sp. A, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2491. Y, Cavellina cf. gerryiCrasquin-Soleau, 1999, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2492. Z, Fabalicypris minuta Cooper sensu Shi & Chen, 1987, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2493. A’-C’, Silenites? sasakwaformis Shi, 1987; A’, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2494; B’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2495; C’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2496. D’, Bairdia?sp. C, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2497. E’-G’, Praezabythocypris? pulchraformis Forel sp. nov.; E’, holotype, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2498; F’, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2499; G’, right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2500. Scale bar is 100 µm.



Meishan Member, Changxing Formation, Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Mirabairdia Kollmann, 1963?Mirabairdia langshanensis Chen, 1982

(Fig. 13K)

1982 Mirabairdia langshanensis Chen in Chen & Shi: 132,pl. 8, figs 7–10.

1987 Mirabairdia langshanensis Chen; Shi & Chen: 44, pl.6, figs 3–8, pl. 18, figs 9, 10, pl. 21, fig. 15.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province, LatestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982). Meishan section, BaoqingMember (Shi & Chen 1987), bed 22 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Formation,Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Mirabairdia cf. minuta Chen, 1982(Fig. 13L)

cf. 1982 Mirabairdia minuta Chen: 132, pl. 7, figs 20–23.?2009 Petasobairdia sp. 2 Forel et al.: 819, fig. 4.

Occurrence. ?Guizhou Province, latest Permian (Forelet al. 2009); Meishan section, Meishan Member, bed22 (see Supplementary Material), Changxing Formation;Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Orthobairdia Sohn, 1960Orthobairdia lemairei Crasquin sp. nov.

(Fig. 13M-O)

1987 Orthobairdia insolens (Cooper); Shi & Chen: 42, pl.5, fig. 1 (non pl. 18, figs 6–8).

2002 Orthobairdia insolens (Cooper); Shi & Chen: 72–73,pl.10, figs 4, 5.

Diagnosis. Bairdioid species with straight DB, ADB andPDB, small radius of curvature at AB, VB concave.

Material. Holotype: P6M2514, one complete carapace(Fig. 13M), bed 13, Baoqing Member. Paratype: P6M2515,one complete carapace (Fig.13N), bed 13, BaoqingMember. Both from Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Nine complete cara-paces.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, Wuchiapin-gian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishan section, BaoqingMember (Shi & Chen 1987), beds 13, 22 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Formation;Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Bairdioid carapace with straight DB in bothvalves; ADB quite straight; AB with small radius of curva-ture with maximum of convexity located near mid height;VB concave with maximum of concavity located near midlength; PB with small radius of curvature with maximum of

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Figure 21. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Orthobairdialemairei Crasquin sp. nov.

curvature located low; PDB straight; in dorsal view flanksparallel from posterior part of PDB to anterior part of ADB;overlapping slight with maximum at DB.


Etymology. Dedicated to Gilles Lemaire.

Remarks. The specimens discovered here are smaller thanthe specimens figured by Shi & Chen 1987, 2002). Bairdiainsolens Cooper, 1941 ( = Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich,1891) in Sohn 1960) from the Mississippian of Illinois(USA) has a longer carapace, a more important overlappingand the dorsal parts are less angular.

Orthobairdia sp. 1(Fig. 13Q, R)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 21 and 22 (see Supple-mentary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Forma-tion; Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Orthobairdia sp. 2(Fig. 7A’, B’)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 15 and 22 (see Supple-mentary Material), Meishan Member, Changxing Forma-tion; Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Bairdiacypris Bradfield, 1935Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi, 1987

(Fig. 9X-Z)

1987 Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi n. sp. in Shi & Chen: 52, pl.13, figs 1–3.

2002 Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi, 1987; Shi & Chen: 86, pl.22, figs 12–19.

2008 Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi, 1987; Crasquin et al.: 248,pl. 4, figs 4, 5.



Occurrence. Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, BullaMember, Bellerophon Formation, Late Changhsingian(Crasquin et al. 2008); Matan and Pingding sections,Guangxi Province, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002);Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987),beds 4, 13, 19, 22, Baoqing and Meishan members, Changx-ing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Bairdiacypris anisica Kozur, 1971(Fig. 22Y-A)

1971 Bairdiacypris anisica Kozur: 4, fig. 2B, C, E-G.

Occurrence. Balaton Lake area, Hungary Anisian (MiddleTriassic; Kozur 1971); Meishan section, Baoqing Member(Shi & Chen 1987), beds 16, 24-3, 27ab, 27c and 29, Meis-han Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian, Yinkeng Formation, Griesbachian, Early Triassic.

Bairdiacypris fornicata Shi, 1982(Fig. 9D’-F’)

1982 Bairdiacypris fornicata Shi sp. nov.; Chen & Shi: 137,pl. 10, figs 1–7, 19.

1987 Bairdiacypris fornicata Shi; Shi & Chen: 50, pl. 12,figs 7–13.

2002 Bairdiacypris fornicata Shi; Shi & Chen: 83, pl. 27,fig. 1.

2008 Bairdia sp. 3; Crasquin et al.: pl. 3, figs 8, 9.

Occurrence. Bulla Member, Bellerophon Formation,Changhsingian, Dolomites, Italy (Crasquin et al. 2008);Nantong section, Jiangsu Province and Mianyang section,Hubei Province, Late Permian (Chen & Shi 1982); Matanand Pingding sections, Guangxi Province, Wuchiapingian(Shi & Chen 2002); Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi& Chen 1987) Baoqing and Meishan members, ChangxingFormation, beds 11,13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23?, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Genus Fabalicypris Cooper, 1946Fabalicypris parva Wang, 1978

(Fig. 9A’, B’)

1978 Fabalicypris parva Wang: 293, pl. 2, figs 12a,b, 13a,b.1985 Fabalicypris hungarica n.sp.; Kozur: 82, pl. 17, figs

2, 9, 10.1987 Bairdiacypris opulenta Zanina; Shi & Chen: 51, pl.

13, fig. 10.2004 Fabalicypris parva Wang, 1978; Crasquin-Soleau

et al.: 286, pl. 3, figs 4, 5.2008 Fabalicypris parva Wang; Mette: pl. 2, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Late Mosco-vian, Carboniferous (Kozur 1985); Longtan and Changx-ing Formations, Northern Guizhou and Southern Yunnan,Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian (Wang 1978); Pamu-cak Formation, Curuk dag section, Western Taurus, Turkey,

Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian (Crasquin-Soleau et al.2004); Zal section, NW Iran, Changhsingian (Mette 2008);Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987),beds 15, 16, 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Remarks. Fabalicypris hungarica Kozur from the Mosco-vian (Late Carboniferous) of the Bukk Mountains(Hungary) has a more rounded PB and a maximum ofconvexity located higher than Fabalicypris parva Wangfrom the Late Permian of South China (as the specimenfigured here Fig. 9Z), but all the intermediates exist so wepropose to include all the specimens in one species.

Fabalicypris minuta Cooper, 1946 sensu Shi & Chen,1987

(Fig. 20Z)

1987 Fabalicypris minuta Cooper; Shi & Chen: 53, pl. 12,fig. 19.


Genus Liuzhinia Zheng, 1976Liuzhinia praeantalyaensis Forel sp. nov.

(Fig. 23Z-B’)

2004 Silenites subsymmetrica Shi; Yi: pl. 1, fig. 6.

Diagnosis. A species of Liuzhinia with long straight DB,maximum of height located at the anterior 1/3 of length andflattened AB.

Material. Holotype: P6M2462, one complete carapace(Fig. 23A’). Paratype: P6M2463, one complete carapace(Fig. 23B’). All from Meishan section, bed 13, Changx-ing Formation, Baoqing Member, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Six complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Kongtongshan section, Fujian Province,Changhsingian (Yi 2004); Meishan section, beds 13 and21, Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Carapace small to medium, elongated, withH/L 0.54; dorsal and ventral borders long and straight;anterior border with large radius of curvature, maximumconvexity located at mid height; posterior border with smallradius of curvature with maximum convexity located in thelower third; maximum height located in anterior third; LVslightly overlaps RV all around the carapace; dorsal viewbiconvex with extremities flattened laterally particularly theanterior one.



Figure 22. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A-G, Microcheilinella rectodorsata Forel sp. nov.; A, right lateral viewof a complete carapace, P6M2407; B, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2408; C, paratype, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2409; D, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2410; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2411;F, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2412; G, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2413. I, J, Microcheilinellavenusta Chen, 1958; I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2414; J, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2415. H, K,L, Q, Microcheilinella shicheni Crasquin sp. nov.; H, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2417; K, holotype, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2416; L, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2418; Q, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2419. M-O, Microcheilinella cf. dorsicostata Shi, 1982; M, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2420; N, dorsalview of a complete carapace, P6M2422; O, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2421. P, W, Microcheilinella bicornuta Cooper,1946 sensu Shi & Chen, 2002; P, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2423; W, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2424.R-T, Microcheilinella? multinodosa Forel sp. nov.; R, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2425; S, ventro-lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2426; T, paratype, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2427. U, Microcheilinella cf. qinglongensisWang, 1978, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2428. V, Microcheilinella? sp. A, right lateral view of a complete carapace,P6M2429. X, Microcheilinella perexilis Shi, 1987, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M 2430. Y-A’, Bairdiacypris anisica Kozur,1971; Y, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2431; Z, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2432; A’, dorsal view ofa complete carapace, P6M2429. B’, C’, Microcheilinella? sp. B; B’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2434; C’, dorsal viewof a complete carapace, P6M2435. Scale bar is 100 µm.



Figure 23. Ostracods from the Meishan section, southern China. A, Acratia visnyoensis Kozur, 1985, right lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2436. B-D, Acratia zhongyingensis Wang, 1978; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2437; C, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2438; D, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2439. E-H, Baschkirina huzhouensis Forel sp. nov.;E, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2440; F, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2441; G, paratype, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2442; H, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2443. I-L, Acratia subfusiformis Wang, 1978;I, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2444; J, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2445; K, right lateral view of acomplete carapace, P6M2446; L, dorsal view of a complete carapace, P6M2594. M-Q, Kempfina taihuensis Forel sp. nov.; M, paratype,right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2447; N, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2448; O, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2449; P, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2450; Q, dorsal view of a complete carapace,P6M2451. R-W, Baschkirina ballei Crasquin sp. nov.; R, holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2454; S, right lateralview of a complete carapace, P6M2455; T, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2456; U, dorsal view of a completecarapace, P6M2453; V, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2457; W, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2458. X,Y, Kempfina? sp. 1; X, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2459; Y, left lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2460. Z-B’,Liuzhinia praeantalyaensis Forel sp. nov.; Z, dorsal lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2461; A’, holotype, right lateral view ofa complete carapace, P6M2462; B’, paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2463. C’-F’, gen. nov. sp. nov.; C’, rightlateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2464; D’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2465; E’, left lateral view of a completecarapace, P6M2466; F’, right lateral view of a complete carapace, P6M2467. Scale bar is 100 µm.



Dimensions. L: 320–430 µm; H: 190–250 µm.

Etymology. From the closeness to Liuzhinia antalyaensisCrasquin-Soleau, 2004 from the earliest Triassic of Taurus(Turkey).

Remarks. Liuzhinia praeantalyaensis sp. nov. is very closeto Liuzhinia antalyaensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2004 from theGriesbachian of Taurus, Turkey (Crasquin-Soleau et al.2004) and Guangxi Province, South China (Crasquin-Soleau et al. 2006). Here, the posterior part is less highand the anterior border is laterally flattened. The specimensattributed to this new species are the first Permian repre-sentatives of Liuzhinia.

Genus Kempfina Crasquin nom. nov.

2008 Bairdiacratia Crasquin in Crasquin et al.: 244, pl. 3,figs 13–16.

2009 Kempfia n.name; Crasquin: 314.

Remarks. Crasquin (in Crasquin et al. 2008) proposedthe generic name Bairdiacratia for a bairdioidean ostra-cod recorded from the latest Permian of the Southern Alps(Italy) and Guizhou, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces (SouthChina). The name had been already used for an ostra-cod genus from the Middle Devonian of Eastern YunnanProvince (China) by Jiang (in Wei Ming et al. 1983). A newname, Kempfia, was therefore proposed (Crasquin 2009).Unfortunately, this name had been used previously for aLower Carboniferous echinoderm (Weber 1998). The newname Kempfina is therefore proposed here.

Type species. Bairdiacratia qinglaii Crasquin in Crasquinet al. 2008, pp. 244–246, pl. 3, figs 13–16.

Etymology. Kempfina is named after Prof. Eugen KarlKempf (Koln, Germany).

Kempfina taihuensis Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 23M-Q)

2008 Bairdiacratia n. gen. n. sp. 1; Crasquin et al.: 248, pl.3, fig. 20.

Diagnosis. A species of Kempfina with small radius ofconvexity and maximum of curvature located high at AB.

Material. Holotype: P6M2448 (pl. 4, fig. 14), bed 22,Meishan Member. Paratype: P6M2447 (pl. 4, fig. 13), bed16, Baoqing Member. All from Meishan section, Changx-ing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Twelvecomplete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11, 16 and 22,Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

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Figure 24. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Kempfina taihuensisForel sp. nov.

Description. Carapace with DB regularly arched at LV,straight at RV; ADB and PDB straight at both valves; anglesbetween DB and ADB/PDB clear and constant: PDB/DB= 140#, ADP/DB = 130–135#; AB with small radius ofconvexity and maximum of curvature located high; AVBand PB characteristic of the genus; overlapping of LV onRV particularly well expressed on dorsal parts; extremitiescompressed laterally; thickness variable.


Etymology. From Tai Hu Lake, located to the east ofMeishan.

Remarks. Kempfina taihuensis sp. nov. differs from theother species of the genus, particularly from K. qinglaii(Crasquin, 2008) from the latest Changhsingian of the Bullasection, Italy (Crasquin et al. 2008), by its small radius ofcurvature of AB.

Kempfina? sp. 1(Fig. 23X, Y)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 22, Meishan Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Praezabythocypris Kozur, 1985Praezabythocypris? pulchraformis Forel sp. nov.

(Fig. 20E’-G’)

1987 Silenites lenticularis (Knight); Shi & Chen: 62, pl.15, figs 1–3.

2002 Silenites lenticularis (Knight); Shi & Chen: 95, pl.26, figs 10–15.

Diagnosis. A species Praezabythocypris? with large ABand PB, long straight DB.









Material. Holotype: P6M2498, one complete carapace(Fig. 22E’), bed 15, Baoqing Member. Paratype: P6M2499,one complete carapace (Fig. 22F’), bed 19, MeishanMember. All from Meishan section, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian. Six complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishansection, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987); beds 15,16, and 19 Baoqing and Meishan members, ChangxingFormation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Massive carapace with DB regularly archedat LV, straight, long and strongly sloping backward at RV;AB with large radius of curvature at both valves, the dorsalpart of AB at RV is quite straight; VB concave at bothvalves; PB broadly rounded at both valves; LV overlapsstrongly RV on dorsal parts of the carapace and particu-larly in the posterior half of length; H/L = 0.65; greatestheight located near mid length; carapace smooth; hinge,inner lamella and adductor muscle scars not observable.


Etymology. From the closeness to Praezabytho-cypris? pulchra Kozur, 1985 from the Wuchiapingian(Abadehian–Dzhulfian) of the Bukk Mountains, Hungary.

Remarks. The doubt over generic attribution is due tothe fact that the hinge, the inner lamella and the adductormuscle scars, which are generic features, are not observable.With regard to carapace shape and the overlapping of LV onRV, the species is in accordance with Praezabythocypris. Itdiffers from Silenites lenticularis (Knight) from the MiddlePennsylvanian–Permian of the USA (Knight 1928) by the

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Figure 25. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Praezabythocypris?pulchraformis Forel sp. nov.

shape of AB and PB which are more rounded, and by thegreater overlap of LV on RV.

Family Acratiidae Grundel, 1962Genus Acratia Delo, 1930

Acratia subfusiformis Wang, 1978(Fig. 23I-L)

1978 Acratia subfusiformis Wang: 294, pl. 4, figs 3, 4.1987 Acratia subfusiformis Wang; Shi & Chen: 49, pl. 11,

figs 19–22, pl. 12, figs 1,2.2002 Acratia subfusiformis Wang; Shi & Chen: 82, pl. 20,

figs 1–9.?2002 Acratia subfusiformis Wang; Shi & Chen: 82, pl. 20,

figs 12, 13.non 2002 Acratia subfusiformis Wang; Shi & Chen: 82, pl.

20, figs 10, 11.

Occurrence. Longtan Formation, Northern Guizhou andSouthern Yunnan, Wuchiapingian (Wang 1978); Matanand Pingding sections, Guangxi Province, Wuchiapingianand Changhsingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishan section,Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987), beds 11, 13, 15,16, 19 and 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Remarks. This species is characterized by its narrowlyrounded AB and the high location of the maximum convex-ity.

Acratia zhongyingensis Wang, 1978(Fig. 23B-D)

1978 Acratia zhongyingensis Wang: 295, pl. 4, figs 5, 6.2002 Acratia zhongyinensis [sic] Wang; Shi & Chen: 82,

pl. 20, figs 25, 26.2008 Acratia zhongyingensis Wang; Crasquin et al.: 205,

pl. 5, figs 10–12.

Occurrence. “Ostracoda Unit” of Bellerophon Forma-tion to Lower Tesero Member of Werfen Formation,Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy, Changhsingian (Crasquinet al. 2008); Changxing Formation, Northern Guizhou andSouthern Yunnan, Changhsingian (Wang 1978); Matan andPingding Formations, Guangxi Province, Wuchiapingian(Shi & Chen 2002); Meishan section, beds 11, 13, 15, 21and 22 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing and Meis-han members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Remarks. This species differs from the previous one by itsstockier carapace and its more rounded dorsal parts and thelarger radius of curvature of AB.

Acratia visnyoensis Kozur, 1985(Fig. 23A)



1985 Acratia visnyoensis Kozur: 103, pl. 21, figs 3, 4.2004 Acratia changxingensis (Shi); Crasquin-Soleau et al.:

286, pl. 3, figs 21–24.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Wuchiapin-gian (Kozur 1985); Pamucak Formation, Curuk dagsection, Western Taurus, Turkey, Wordian-Wuchiapingian(Crasquin-Soleau et al. 2004); Meishan section, beds 22and 23 (see Supplementary Material), Meishan Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Acratia changxingensis (Shi, 1987)(Fig. 20H)

1987 Pseudobythocypris changxingensis Shi in Shi &Chen: 57, pl. 13, figs 18–23.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi &Chen 1987); bed 11, Baoqing Member, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Genus Paramacrocypris Kozur, 1985Paramacrocypris? sp. A

(Fig. 20I)


Family Bairdiocyprididae Shaver, 1961Genus Silenites Coryell & Booth, 1933Silenites? zhejiangensis Forel sp. nov.

(Fig. 9U-W)

Diagnosis. Carapace regularly arched in dorsal parts; PBstrongly tapering; VB slightly concave.

Material. Holotype: P6M2582, one complete carapace(Fig. 9U), bed 15, Meishan Member. Paratype: P6M2583,one complete carapace (Fig. 9V), bed 23, MeishanMember. Both from Meishan section, Changxing Forma-tion, Changhsingian, Late Permian. Seven complete cara-paces.

Occurrence. Baoqing and Meishan members, beds 15,16, 22 and 23 (see Supplementary Material), ChangxingFormation; Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Carapace regularly arched in dorsal parts ofLV; DB and ADB quite straight at RV; AB with mediumradius of curvature and maximum of convexity located alittle under mid height; VB concave at both valves to nearlystraight at LV; PB with quite small radius of curvature forthe genus, maximum of curvature located near lower thirdheight; maximum height located a little in front of midlength; H/L = 0.57.


Etymology. From Zhejiang Province (South East China)where the type locality is located.

Remarks. Silenites? zhejiangensis sp. nov. is similar toSilenites latilus Shi, 2002 (Shi & Chen 2002) from theWuchiapingian of the Matan and Pingding sections inGuangxi Province. However, the new species is moresymmetrical in lateral view.

Silenites? sasakwaformis Shi, 1987(Fig. 20A’-C’)

1987 Silenites sasakwaformis Shi in Shi & Chen: 63, pl.15, figs 22–25.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi &Chen 1987); beds 11, 13, 15, 16, and 22, Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Remarks. The generic attribution is not certain becausethe dorsal parts of the carapace are not regularly arched.There are clear slope breaks between BDP, DB and ADPwhich are all straight at both valves. This species couldbelong to a new genus.

Silenites sp. A(Fig. 9C’)

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi &Chen 1987); beds 11, 15, and 22, Baoqing and Meis-han members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Genus Baschkirina Rozdestvenskaja, 1959Baschkirina ballei Crasquin sp. nov.

(Fig. 23R-W)

Diagnosis. A species of Baschkirina with very straight DBand PDB, semicircular AB with maximum of curvaturelocated above mid height.

Material. Holotype: P6M2454, complete carapace (Fig.23R), bed 15. Paratype: P6M2456, complete carapace(Fig. 23T), bed 13. Both from Meishan section, BaoqingMember, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Fourteen complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 4, 5, 11, 13, 15 and21, Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Small carapace; straight DB; large AB semi-circular with maximum of curvature located above midheight, AB laterally compressed on the free margin; VB



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Figure 26. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Baschkirina balleiCrasquin sp. nov.

straight; PB slender more or less in the same line as theVB; PDB straight at 145# to 150# to DB; LV overlaps veryslightly RV all around the carapace; H/L = 0.62; dorsalview biconvex; surface smooth.


Etymology. Dedicated to Frederic Balle.

Remarks. This species is attributed to the genus Baschki-rina Rozdestvenskaja, 1959, which differs from BasslerellaKellett in its biconvex dorsal view. Basslerella is posteri-orly strongly inflated. Baschkirina ballei sp. nov. is veryclose in outline to Sinobasslerella bicornuta Shi, 2004 fromthe Wuchiapingian of South China, which differs from thenew species in the presence of antero-dorsal tubercles. Thisfeature could be a specific (and not a generic) character.The genus Spinocypris Kozur, 1971 is also very close toBaschkirina. The difference between the two genera is thepresence of a calcified inner lamella in Spinocypris (Kozur1985, p. 91). It is usually impossible to observe the innerlamella on Late Palaeozoic material.

Baschkirina huzhouensis Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 23E-H)

1987 Acratia sp.; Shi & Chen: 50, pl. 12, figs 3–6.2002 Acratia subfusiformis Wang; Shi & Chen: 82, pl.20,

figs 10, 11.

Diagnosis. A species of Baschkirina with straight DB andPDB; AB rounded with maximum of curvature locatedbelow mid height.

Material. Holotype: P6M2443, complete carapace (Fig.23H), bed 13. Paratype: P6M2442, complete carapace(Fig. 23G), bed 13. Both from Meishan section, BaoqingMember, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Ten complete carapaces.

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Figure 27. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Baschkirinahuzhouensis Forel sp. nov.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian (Shi & Chen2002); Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen1987), Meishan section, beds 11, 13 and 15, BaoqingMember, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Description. Carapace with straight DB and PDB; ABrounded with maximum of curvature located below midheight, compressed laterally; VB slightly arched; PB taper-ing in the same line as VB; PDB straight at 155#–160# toDB; LV overlaps very slightly RV all around the carapace;H/L = 0.50; surface smooth; carapace biconvex in dorsalview.


Etymology. From the city of Huzhou, close to the typelocality.

Remarks. Baschkirina huzhouensis sp. nov. differs fromBaschkirina ballei sp. nov. in its more elongated carapace,the maximum of curvature of AB being located lower, andits smaller H/L ratio.

Baschkirina? sp. A(Fig. 20M)

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 29 (see SupplementaryMaterial), Yinkeng Formation, Griesbachian, Early Trias-sic.

Family Pachydomellidae Berdan & Sohn, 1961Genus Microcheilinella Geis, 1933

Microcheilinella rectodorsata Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 22A-G)

Diagnosis. A species of Microcheilinella with straight andlong DB at RV, width of carapace with maximum locatednear mid length, ventral part of AB quite vertical.



Material. Holotype: P6M2408, complete carapace (Fig.22B), bed 16. Paratype: P6M2409, complete carapace(Fig. 22C), bed 16. All from Meishan section, BaoqingMember, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Ten complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11, 15, 16 and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. LV: ovoid shape, DB convex, more or lessstraight in posterior part, AB broadly rounded, VB convexto nearly straight, PB round; RV: DB straight, plungingtowards PB, angle with AB clearly expressed; AB roundedin dorsal part and quite vertical in ventral part, slight lateralflattening at AVB; VB almost straight; PB with small radiusof curvature, dorsal part quite straight with clear slope breakwith DB; maximum height located in anterior third of L.Carapace quite long, LV overlaps RV all around the carapacewith maximum at DB and VB, maximum height locatednear mid length; in dorsal view maximum carapace cara-pace width around mid length; hinge faintly incised.


Etymology. From the straight shape of the dorsal border.

Remarks. This new species differs from other representa-tives of the genus by its straight and long DB at RV, carapacemaximum width located near mid length, and nearly verti-cal ventral part of the AB.

Microcheilinella cf. dorsicostata Shi 1982(Fig. 22M-O)

1982 Microcheilinella dorsicostata Shi. in Chen & Shi:142, pl. 12, figs 11–14.

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 22, Meishan Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Remarks. The specimens are comparable toMicrocheilinella dorsicostata Shi, 1982 from the latestPermian of the Nantong section, Jiangsu Province (Chen& Shi 1982). They have all the characters of this speciesbut in addition they exhibit some nodes aligned on theventro-posterior parts of both valves.

Microcheilinella? multinodosa Forel sp. nov.(Fig. 22R-T)

Diagnosis. A species questionably attributed toMicrocheilinella with six nodes on postero-ventralparts of the carapace, one node on centro-dorsal part of RV,three nodes on centro-dorsal part of LV.

Material. Holotype: P6M2425, one complete carapace(Fig. 11R), bed 23. Paratype: P6M2427, one completecarapace (Fig. 22T), bed 23. All from Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Meishan Member, Changhsingian,Late Permian. Four complete carapaces.


Description. Short carapace with incised hinge line; maxi-mum width located near mid-length; dorsal shape biconvex.RV: DB arched with two nodes (posterior one larger thananterior one) in median part, AB regularly arched withmaximum curvature located at lower third of height, VBnearly straight; six nodes organized in a row from anterior,third of length to PB, the last node forms a spine protrud-ing backwards; PB (without spines) quite vertical. LV: DBarched with three nodes in median part forming a carina indorsal view, AB equivalent to RV one, VB with six nodesas VB of RV.


Etymology. From the presence of numerous nodes on thecarapace.

Remarks. This species has very typical features. For thetime being, we have little material and it is difficult to sayif these characters are generic or specific. In doubt, weprefer to assign the specimens to Microcheilinella? and toestablish a new species, which is close to Microcheilinellapostspinosa Chen, 1958, from the Permian of Chihsia Lime-stone of Lungtan (Nankin), China (Chen 1958), in having aposterior spine. However, M. postspinosa lacks the row ofnodes on the postero-ventral part of the carapace.

Microcheilinella perexilis Shi, 1987(Fig. 22X)

1987 Microcheilinella perexilis Shi in Shi & Chen: 62, pl.14, figs 23–27.

2008 Microcheilinella peraxilis Shi; Crasquin et al.: 250,pl. 5, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Bulla Member, Bellerophon Formation,Changhsingian, Bulla section, Dolomites, Italy (Crasquinet al. 2008); Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi& Chen 1987), bed 4 (see Supplementary Material),Baoqing Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Microcheilinella bicornuta Cooper, 1946 sensu Shi &Chen 2002

(Fig. 22P, W)



2002 Microcheilinella bicornuta Cooper; Shi & Chen: 92,pl. 25, figs 11–14.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishansection, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987), Meishansection, beds 11 and 22, Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Remarks. The present and Shi & Chen’s (2002) specimensbelong to the same species which is not Microcheilinellabicornuta Cooper, 1946, originally described from the LatePennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) of Illinois (USA). Thelatter species is more elongated and in dorsal view lessbiconvex.

Microcheilinella shicheni Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 22H, K, L, Q)

1982 Microcheilinella subreniformis Chen in Chen & Shi:141, pl. 12, figs 1–6.

1987 Microcheilinella subreniformis Chen; Shi & Chen:61, pl. 14, figs 14–22.

2002 Microcheilinella subreniformis Chen; Shi & Chen:93, pl. 25, figs 15–18.

Diagnosis. A species of Microcheilinella pear-shaped indorsal view with greatest thickness in posterior quarter oflength; DB of both valves convex.

Material. Holotype: P6M2416, one complete carapace(Fig. 22K), bed 21. Paratype: P6M2418, one completecarapace (Fig. 22L), bed 22. All from Meishan section,Changxing Formation, Meishan Member, Changhsingian,Late Permian. Seven complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishansection, Baoqing and Meishan members (Shi & Chen 1987);beds 11, 15, 16, 21 and 22 (see Supplementary Material),Baoqing and Meishan members, Changxing Formation,Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. LV: DB gently convex and long; AB regularlyarched with maximum of curvature located at or belowmid-height; VB gently convex; PB with radius of curvaturea little smaller or almost equivalent to AB, maximum ofcurvature located at or above mid height.

RV: DB gently convex with anterior part more straight;AB with dorsal portion longer and more sloping than ventralpart which forms an acuter angle with VB, maximum ofcurvature located at the lower third of height; VB gentlyconvex; PB with regularly arched convexity.

LV overlaps clearly RV all around the carapace, maxi-mum on dorsal and ventral parts; in dorsal view carapaceslender pear-shaped with greatest thickness located at the

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

800750700650600550500450400350300

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This paperShi & Chen 2002Shi & Chen 1987Chen & Shi 1982

Figure 28. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Microcheilinellashicheni Crasquin sp. nov.

posterior quarter of length, in front of maximum width theflanks are quite straight; hinge line deeply incised.


Etymology. Dedicated to Drs Shi Congguang and ChenDeqiong of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeon-tology who described ostracods from the Permian –Triassicboundary in China.

Remarks. The specimens figured by Chen & Shi(1982) and attributed by Shi & Chen (1987, 2002) toMicrocheilinella subreniformis Chen, 1958 (Early Permianof Longtan, Nanjing) do not belong to this species.Microcheilinella subreniformis Chen, 1958 has a carapacethat is quite rectangular, and the PB and AB of RV are quiteequal.

Microcheilinella venusta Chen, 1958(Fig. 22I, J)

1958 Microcheilinella venusta Chen: 230, pl. 2, figs 12–17.1982 Microcheilinella venusta Chen; Chen & Shi: 142, pl.

11, figs 7–10.1987 Microcheilinella venusta Chen; Shi & Chen: 61, pl.

15, figs 20, 21.2002 Microcheilinella venusta Chen; Shi & Chen: 94, pl.

26, figs 1–8.

Occurrence. Lungtan section, Nanking Province, EarlyPermian (Chen 1958); Nantong section, Jiangsu Provinceand Mianyang section, Hubei Province, latest Permian(Chen & Shi 1982); Matan and Pingding sections, GuangxiProvince, Wuchiapingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishansection, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987); beds 13,15 and 19 (see Supplementary Material); Baoqing andMeishan members, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.



Microcheilinella cf. qinglongensis Wang, 1978(Fig. 22U)

cf. 1978 Microcheilinella qinglongensis Wang: 296, pl. 5,fig. 14.


Microcheilinella? sp. A(Fig. 22V)


Microcheilinella? sp. B(Fig. 22B’-C’)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11 and 21 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Family Geroiidae Grundel, 1962Genus Pseudacanthoscapha Kozur, 1985Pseudacanthoscapha striatula (Shi, 1982)

(Fig. 20D)

1982 Acratia? striatula Shi in Chen & Shi: 139, pl. 11, figs9–11.

1985 Pseudacanthoscapha beckeri Kozur: 110, pl. 18, fig.9.

1987 Acratia striatula Shi; Shi & Chen: 49, pl. 11, figs13–18, pl. 17, figs 1–4.

2008 Pseudacanthoscapha beckeri Kozur, 1985; Mette: pl.2, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Wuchiapingian(Dzulfian; Kozur 1985); Mianyang, Hubei Province, latestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982); Iran, Dzhulfian (Mette 2008).Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi & Chen 1987),bed 11 (see Supplementary Material), Baoqing Member,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Superfamily Cytheroidea Baird, 1850Family Bythocytheridae Sars, 1926

Genus Parabythocythere Kozur, 1981Parabythocythere? cf. chongpani Crasquin, 2008

(Fig. 20G)

cf. 2008 Parabythocythere chongpani Crasquin in Crasquinet al.: 252, pl. 5, fig. 13–16.


Genus Triassocythere Grundel & Kozur, 1973Triassocythere cf. prisca Kozur, 1985

(Fig. 3Q)

cf. 1985 Triassocythere prisca Kozur: 54, pl. 12, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Meishan section, bed 21 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Changxing Formation, Meishan Member;Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Family Cytherideidae Sars, 1925Genus Basslerella Kellett, 1935

Basslerella annesophieae Crasquin sp. nov.(Fig. 20N-V)

1982 Basslerella obesa Kellett; Chen & Shi: 140, pl. 11,figs 19–21 only.

1987 Basslerella obesa Kellett; Shi & Chen: 54, pl. 13, figs24–27.

1987 Basslerella firma Kellett; Shi & Chen: 54, pl. 13, figs12–17.

2002 Basslerella obesa Kellett; Shi & Chen: 88, pl. 23, figs26–35.

2004 Basslerella obesa Kellett sensu Shi & Chen, 1982;Crasquin-Soleau et al.: 254, pl. 5, figs 17, 18.

Diagnosis. A species of Basslerella with semicircular cara-pace, high H/L ratio (0.72), straight PDB at RV and strongconvexity in dorsal view.

Material. Holotype: P6M2481, one complete carapace(Fig. 20N), bed 22. Paratype: P6M2482, one complete cara-pace (Fig. 20O), bed 22. All from Meishan section, Meis-han Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian. Nineteen complete carapaces.

Occurrence. Early to Late Permian of Guangxi Province,Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, South China, Bullasection, Southern Alps, Italy; Meishan section, beds 4, 5,11, 13, 15, 16, 19 and 22, Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Description. Small semicircular carapace, with high H/Lratio (0.72); AB broadly rounded in quite perfect half-circlewith maximum curvature located at or below mid height,slightly compressed laterally; VB convex; PB rounded withlarge radius of curvature for the genus, maximum of curva-ture located near the lower quarter of height; PDB nearlystraight at RV; LV overlaps RV all around the carapace;greatest height located a little in front of mid length;strongly convex, greatest thickness located near mid lengthor slightly behind, AB compressed.




250

300

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500450400350300Length in µm

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Figure 29. Height/Length (H/L) diagram of Basslerella anneso-phieae Crasquin sp. nov.

Etymology. Dedicated to Anne-Sophie Rigaux.

Remarks. There is great variability in the shape of thepostero-dorsal part of the carapace. All the transitionalforms exist between rounded and sharp outlines of theposterior part (see Fig. 20), but the specific charactersare present in all forms. These variations are perhaps anexpression of sexual dimorphism. The specimens describedby Chen & Shi (1982) and Shi & Chen (1987 and2002; see synonymy above) were attributed to Basslerellaobesa Kellett, 1935 from the Late Pennsylvanian and toBasslerella firma Kellett, 1935 from the Early Permianof Kansas, USA. However, both of these species have amore elongate carapace (H/L = 0.60) and a more narrowlyrounded AB.

Genus Pseudorayella Neckaja, 1960?Pseudorayella hungarica Kozur, 1985

(Fig. 4D’-E’)

1985 Pseudorayella hungarica Kozur: 89, pl. 18, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Bukk Mountains, Hungary, Wuchiapingian(Abadehian) (Kozur 1985); Meishan section, beds 13 and15 (see Supplementary Material), Changxing Formation,Baoqing Member, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Suborder and family uncertainGenus Healdiacypris Bradfield, 1935

Healdiacypris? sp.(Fig. 4F’-G’)


Suborder Metacopina Sylvester-Bradley, 1961Superfamily Healdioidea Harlton, 1933

Family Healdiidae Harlton, 1933Genus Reversocypris Pribyl, 1955Reversocypris permiana Shi, 1982

(Fig. 20A, B)

1982 Reversocypris permiana Shi in Chen & Shi: 141, pl.11, figs 26–32.

1987 Reversocypris permiana Shi; Shi & Chen: 58, pl. 14,figs 1–7.

Occurrence. Nantong section, Jiangsu Province, latestPermian (Chen & Shi 1982); Meishan section, BaoqingMember (Shi & Chen 1987); beds 5 and 22 (see Supplemen-tary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members, ChangxingFormation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Order Platycopida Sars, 1866Suborder Platycopina Sars, 1866

Superfamily Cavellinoidea Egorov, 1950Family Cavellinidae Egorov, 1950

Genus Cavellina Coryell, 1928Cavellina cf. rotunda Cooper sensu Shi & Chen, 1987

(Fig. 20E, F)

1987 Cavellina cf. rotunda Cooper; Shi & Chen: 60, pl. 20,figs 5–7.

Remarks. The specimen figured here belongs to thespecies described by Shi & Chen (1987). However, thisspecies is not Cavellina rotunda Cooper, 1946, originallydescribed from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois, USA.It could belong to a new species but for the time being wedo not have enough material to establish it formally.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi &Chen 1987); bed 22 (see Supplementary Material), Meis-han Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, LatePermian.

Cavellina cf. gerryi Crasquin-Soleau, 1999(Fig. 20Y)

cf. 1999 Cavellina gerryi Crasquin-Soleau in Crasquin-Soleau et al.: 171, pl. 4, figs 9–11.


Genus Birdsallela Coryell & Booth, 1933Birdsallela nitida Chen, 1987

(Fig. 20K)

1987 Birdsallela nitida Chen in Shi & Chen: 59, pl. 21, figs11–14.



Occurrence. Meishan section, Meishan Member (Shi& Chen 1987); bed 22 (see Supplementary Material),Meishan Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Order Myodocopida Sars, 1866Suborder Cladocopina Sars, 1866

Family Polycopidae Sars, 1866Genus Polycope Sars, 1866

Polycope? sp.(Fig. 4B’-C’)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 15 and 21 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

?Order Myodocopida Sars, 1866Gen. et sp. nov.(Fig. 23C’-F’)

Occurrence. Meishan section, beds 11, 13, 15 and 22 (seeSupplementary Material), Baoqing and Meishan members,Changxing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Remarks. The species shows a circular carapace outlinein lateral view and a very thin outline in dorsal view. Ananterior (?) structure could be interpreted as a rostrum (??).For this reason it is questionably included in Mydocopida,but here there is a clear overlap.

Order and suborder indet.Genus Eumiraculum Chen, 1987

Eumiraculum changxingensis Chen, 1987(Fig. 20L)

1987 Eumiraculum changxingensis Chen in Shi & Chen:65, pl. 8, figs 21–28, pl. 19, figs 12, 13.

Occurrence. Meishan section, Baoqing Member (Shi& Chen 1987); bed 13 (see Supplementary Material),Baoqing Member, Changxing Formation, Changhsingian,Late Permian.

Genus Cetollina Shi, 2002Cetollina lageniforma Shi, 2002

(Fig. 20C)

2002 Cetollina lageniforma Shi in Shi & Chen: 98, 118, pl.27, figs 23–25.

Occurrence. Pingding section, Guangxi Province, Wuchi-apingian (Shi & Chen 2002); Meishan section, bed 11(see Supplementary Material), Baoqing Member, Changx-ing Formation, Changhsingian, Late Permian.

Ostracod biodiversity variations

Ostracods are present from the first bed of the Changx-ing Formation to the very last specimens in bed 39 ofthe Yinkeng Formation. Of the sixty-eight samples anal-ysed (around 500 g of rock per sample), twenty-four werefound to be barren and three yielded indeterminable speci-mens. The number of specimens and species per sample arereported in Figure 30. Diversity variations are illustrated bythe two curves.

Ostracod diversity is relatively high throughout theChangxing Formation, with variations, peaks and drops.The maximum species diversity is 58, with a little morethan 1300 specimens and an average of 12.3 species and217 specimens per productive sample.

From the base to the top of the section, a general increaseof ostracod diversity can be observed from the base ofChangxing Formation up to bed 21. Diversity is highestin the middle part of the Meishan Member (base of bed22). Thereafter biodiversity decreases regularly, with anmaximum extinction in bed 24 at the top of the MeishanMember, which corresponds to the mass extinction level.Above this, the first levels of the Yinkeng Formationexhibit ostracod assemblages with few specimens and lowspecies diversity. This corresponds to the last diversityburst before the long depauperate phase in the LateGriesbachian–Dienerian–Smithian (Crasquin-Soleau et al.2007).

In more detail this general trend includes peaks anddrops of biodiversity, indicated by the letters ‘P’ and ‘D’ onFig. 30:

1. There is a peak of diversity in samples 04D4-1 (P1),before a short period of low diversity (D1).

2. Samples 04D8-1, 04D10 and 04D11-2 (P2) registereda high diversity, with sample 04D11-2, which corre-sponds to the first level of high diversity, containing31 species among 600 specimens.

3. In samples 04D11-1 to 04C13-6 (D2) biodiversity islow.

4. In contrast, samples 04C13-5 to 04C16-3 (P3) containnumerous ostracods and show high diversities.

5. A drop in diversity is observed at the top of theBaoqing Member and in the lowest level of the Meis-han Member (D3).

6. In the Meishan Member a progressive increase indiversity is observed, with a maximum in sample04C19-2 (P4), followed by an absence of ostracodsin bed 20 (D4).

7. The maximum diversity in this section is recorded inthe lowest part of bed 22 (sample 04C22.5, PM).

From bed 22 to the PT boundary, biodiversity decreasesregularly to reach a minimum at the top of the MeishanMember and in the greatest part of the Yinkeng Formation,


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255180852_Ostracod_fauna_recovery_in_the_aftermath_of_Permian_-_Triassic_crisis_Palaeozoic-_Mesozoic_turn-over?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-fa5f7c24a72f177063a12aa0a6f16f5d-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzUwOTQ0Mjc5O0FTOjEwMTIzNTAwODk5OTQyOUAxNDAxMTQ3NzE1NTU5



Figure 30. Ostracod abundance and diversity curves. Dotted line represents number of specimens, unbroken line number of species.Lithology as in Figure 2. P: peaks in biodiversity (see text); D: drops in biodiversity (see text); OME: ostracod main extinction; OFEI:ostracod final extinction interval. (1) (2) and (3) refer to prelude, main episode and epilogue of mass extinction (sensu Yin et al. 2007).Sea level curve redrawn from Yin et al. (1994, 2007).





Table 1. Ostracod species distribution in the Meishan section organized according to LAD (last appearance datum). As forSupplementary Material, the squares represent the presence of the species in the sample and the fine lines their assumedpresence; the total range is underlined in grey. OME: ostracod main extinction; OFEI: ostracod final extinction interval. (1)(2) and (3) refer to prelude, main episode and epilogue of mass extinction (sensu Yin et al. 2007) as in Fig. 30.

Species / Sample numbe 04D2 04D04-1 04D5-2 04D8-1 04D9-1 04D10 04D11-2 04C12-3 04C13-5 04C13-4 04C13-3 04C13-2 04C13-1 04C14-2 04C15-2 04C15-1 0416-4 04C16-3 04C19-4 04C19-3 04C19-2 04C19-1 04C21-2 04C21-1 04C22-5 04C22-3 04C22-2 04C22-1 04C23-1 04C23-2 04A24-1 04A24-2 04A24-3 04A27ab 04A027c 04A27d 04A294 Cavellina cf. gerryi Crasquin-Soleau, 1999

16 Indivisia symmetrica Kozur, 1985

5 Reversocypris permiana Shi, 1982

27 Acratia changxingensis (Shi, 1987)

26 Cetollina lageniforma Shi, 2002

25 Pseudacanthoscapha striatula (Shi, 1982)

24 Shleesha sp.1

23 Indivisia cf buekkensis Kozur, 1985

28 Shemonaella sp.1

53 Eumiraculum changxingensis Chen, 1987

55 ?Aurikirkbya alta Shi, 1982

46 ?Pseudorayella hungarica Kozur, 1985

6 Fabalicypris minuta Cooper sensu Shi & Chen, 1987

29 Bairdia cf. heishanensis (Chen, 2002)

59 Bairdia sp. A

58 Shleesha sullivanensis (Payne, 1937) sensu Shi & Chen, 2002

60 Bairdia? sp.B

67 Bairdia? sp. C

61 Praezabythocypris ? pulchraformis Crasquin n.sp

68 Permoyoungiella bogschi Kozur, 1985

71 Paramacrocypris sp. A

70 Microcheilinella cf qinglongensis Wang, 1978

73 Petasobairdia sp.B

7 Microcheilinella perexilis Shi, 1987

62 Polycope? sp.

75 Knoxiella infirma Shi, 1982

74 Triassocythere cf. prisca Kozur, 1985

76 Langdaia cf laolongdongensis Crasquin-Soleau & Kershaw, 2005

57 Bairdia limatusformis Crasquin n.sp.

20 Bairdia paussi Crasquin n.sp.

33 Microcheilinella ? sp. B

32 Bairdia permagna Geis sensu Shi & Chen, 2002

31 Gen. nov. sp. nov.

30 Kempfia taihuensis Crasquin n.sp.

45 Knightina hongfui Crasquin n.sp.

44 Orthobairdia lemairei Crasquin n.sp.

43 Cavellina cf. rotunda Cooper sensu Shi & Chen, 1987

48 Liuzhinia praeantalyaensis Crasquin n.sp.

47 Mennerella sp. sensu Shi & Chen, 1987

56 Bairdia subleguminoides Chen, 1987

65 Fabalicypris parva Wang, 1978

64 Orthobairdia sp. 2

63 Knightina sp. A ?72 Hollinella martensiformis Crasquin n.sp.

77 Orthobairdia sp. 1

90 Microcheilinella cf dorsicostata Shi, 1982

89 Birdsallela nitida Chen, 1987

88 Healdiacypris? sp.

87 Parabythocythere? cf chongpani Crasquin, 2008

86 Kempfia? sp.1

85 Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen, 1982

84 Petasobairdia tricornuta Chen, 2002

83 Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen, 1982

82 Indivisia sp.1

81 Abrobairdia bitubera Chen, 1982

80 Bairdia hassi Sohn, 1960

79 Knightina bullaensis Crasquin, 2008

78 Knightina hungarica Kozur, 1985

18 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen, 1987

Late Permian - Lopingian Early TriassicChanghsingian Griesbachian

Changhxing Yinkeng Baoqing Member Meishan Member

18 Lobobairdia rostriformis Chen, 1987

35 Silenites sp. A

34 Bairdia subcontracta Chen 1987

92 Microcheilinella ? multinodosa Crasquin n.sp.

1 Acratia subfusiformis Wang, 1978

8 Bairdia broutini Crasquin n.sp.

19 Bairdia gaelleae Crasquin n.sp.

21 Silenites ? sasakwaformis Shi, 1987

51 Microcheilinella ? sp. A

9 Paraparchites chenshii Crasquin n.sp.

37 Acratia zhongyingensis Wang, 1978

36 Samarella meishanella Crasquin n. sp.

52 Bairdia fangnianqiaoi Crasquin n.sp.

94 Mirabairdia cf minuta Chen, 1982

93 ?Mirabairdia langshanensis Chen, 1982

10 Bairdia urodeloformis Chen, 1987

22 Cyathus caperata (Guan, 1978)

39 Microcheilinella shicheni Crasquin n.sp.

38 Bairdia pierrevalentini Crasquin n.sp.

95 Ceratobairdia venterocostata Wang, 1978

11 Bairdia wushunbaoi Crasquin n.sp.

40 Microcheilinella bicornuta Cooper 1946 sensu Shi & Chen 2002

41 Bairdiacypris fornicata Shi, 1982

66 Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen, 1987

91 Acratia visnyoensis Kozur, 1985

12 Bairdiacypris? caeca Shi, 1987

13 Samarella victori Crasquin n.sp.

17 Baschkirina huzhouensis Crasquin n.sp.

49 Microcheilinella venusta Chen, 1958

3 Cyathus elliptica Shi, 1987

2 Basslerella annesophieae Crasquin n.sp.

14 Baschkirina ballei Crasquin n.sp.

15 Microcheilinella rectodorsata Crasquin n.sp.

42 Bairdia deweveri Crasquin n.sp.

50 Silenites zhejiangensis Crasquin n.sp.

54 Bairdia bassoni Crasquin n.sp. ? ?96 Petasobairdia sp.A

69 Bairdiacypris anisica Kozur, 1971

97 Baschkirina ? sp. A

98 Knightina sp. B04D2 04D04-1 04D5-2 04D8-1 04D9-1 04D10 04D11-2 04D12-3 04C13-5 04C13-4 04C13-3 04C13-2 04C13-1 04C14-2 04C15-2 04C15-1 04C16-4 04C16-3 04C19-4 04C19-3 04C19-2 04C19-1 04C21-2 04C21-1 04C22-5 04C22-3 04C22-2 04C22-1 04C23-1 04C23-2 04A24-1 04A24-2 04A24-3 04A27ab 04A027c 04A27d 04A29

OMEOFEI

12

3




which corresponds to the poverty phase. Analysis of LowerTriassic ostracods of the Meishan section is in progress(Forel et al.) and should provide new information on thepoverty interval. The first significant Lower Triassic ostra-cod assemblage occurs in level 59 (Forel et al. in progress),at the top of the Yinkeng Formation (see log fig. 2 in Chenet al. 2007).

To explain ostracod diversity variations (bed 1 to baseof bed 22) before the end-Permian mass extinction, wehave compared phases of stability or increase in diversity(phases P) and phases of decrease in diversity (D) withthe evolution of environments illustrated here by sea levelchanges, as done for other fossil groups by Yin et al. (1994,2007).

Phases P1-P2 correspond to a stabilisation of envi-ronmental conditions linked with a general transgressivetrend. During P3, the diversity of ostracod assemblagesis relatively high and could be linked with environmentsfavourable to their development in an open marine plat-form, with normal life conditions. P4 corresponds to bed19 and testifies to favourable environmental conditions in aprogressive transgressive trend, whereas PM, the maximumof ostracod biodiversity, is registered in the lower part ofbed 22 which corresponds to high sea level.

D1 is an interval without ostracods. This poverty isalso registered in foraminifera but is unexplained (Yinet al. 1994). D2 is also an interval without ostracods.It has been interpreted as a Maximum Flooding Surface(MFS; Yin et al. 1994; Zhang et al. 1997) and thevery low biodiversity could be related to the instabil-ity of the environment which prevailed at the time ofrapid sea level rise. The drop in biodiversity D3 corre-sponds to a Sequence Boudary (SB). This maximum sealevel fall could explain some strong modifications in theenvironment. The drop in biodiversity is seen in all fossilgroups (Yin et al. 1994; Zhang et al. 1997) and confirmsthe large amplitude of environmental change. The drop ofbiodiversity D4 is also recorded in all fossil groups. Onlya few conodonts are present (Yin et al. 1994; Zhang et al.1997) but no major sedimentological theories have beenproposed to explain the drop in diversity.

Finally, variations in ostracod diversity could not bealways linked directly with sea level changes, as suggestedby Yin et al. (1994, 2007) for other fossil groups, especiallyconcerning decreases in ostracod diversity. Nevertheless,phases of stability or increase in ostracod diversity seemto correspond to periods of stability of the environment,related to stability of sea level, or to the periods of high sealevel.

Following these drops and peaks in diversity, before theend-Permian mass extinction, ostracods have their finaldrop of biodiversity (top of the bed 22) before foraminifera,conodonts, brachiopods and fusulines (data from Jin et al.2000). For these three groups the main extinction eventoccurs sharply in beds 25 and 26, with an extinction rate

of 94% (Jin et al. 2000). The final decrease in ostracodbiodiversity is more progressive. This is illustrated in Table1 where species are organized by LAD. Ostracod maximumextinction (OME on Fig. 30 and Table 1) occurs just aftersample 04C22.5, with 48% species disappearance. Duringinterval 04C22–3 to 04C24.3, noted here as the ostracodfinal extinction interval (OFEI on Fig. 30 and Table 1), 37of the 38 species present become extinct. This final extinc-tion is located at bed 24e which is the “prelude event ofmass extinction” of Yin et al. (2007) (noted as (1) on Table1 and Fig. 30). The main episode and the epilogue to themass extinction (sensu Yin et al. 2007, noted respectivelyas (2) and (3) on Table 1 and Fig. 30) are not evident inostracods. The final decrease in ostracod diversity, as forthe other fossil groups, can be linked with the lowest sealevel and volcanism (Siberian trap and basaltic eruptions;Yin et al. 1992, 2007).

Acknowledgements

This work was undertaken with the support of the FrenchScientific programs PICS-CNRS 3361 and ECLIPSE2,and the Chinese programs NSFC (40621002) and 111(B08030). We are very grateful to Prof. Wu Shunbao (ChinaUniversity of Geosciences, Wuhan) for his efficient andfriendly help during fieldwork on the Meishan GSSP. Wethank Prof. Yin Hongfu (China University of Geosciences,Wuhan) for his support during the French-Chinese collabo-ration on the Permian–Triassic boundary. We warmly thankProfs Alan Lord (Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt Sencken-berg) and Wolfgang Mette (University of Innsbruck) fortheir contructive remarks on the original manuscript. Wethank Martine Fordan (UPMC) for sample processing andpreparation of ostracods, and Alexandre Lethiers (UPMC)for the drawings and the plate making.

Note

Online Supplementary Material: Ostracod species distribu-tion organized according to FAD (first apparition datum)in the Meishan section. Squares represent the presence ofspecies in the sample and dashes their assumed presence.

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Ostracods (Crustacea) through the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China: the Meishan stratotype...

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