岡山市立オリエント美術館

2013

27

岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要

岡山市立オリエント美術館所蔵の

動物・ミニチュア容器付環状土製品について 上杉　彰紀 1-13

トルコ共和国カイセリ県遺跡調査プロジェクト（KAYAP）

第 5次調査（2012 年）概報

紺谷　亮一、小髙　敬寛、須藤　寛史、早川　裕弌、山口　雄治

F・クラックオウル、K・エムレ、S・エゼル、G・オズトゥルク 15-42

キュルテペ遺跡（古代カニシュ）2012 年発掘調査概報

F・クラックオウル、K・エムレ、紺谷亮一、S・エゼル、G・オズトゥルク 43-50

43Bulletin of the Okayama Orient Museum　Vol. 27　pp. 43-50　2013岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27 巻　43-50 頁　2013 年

Kültepe-Kaniş, Turkey:Preliminary Report on the 2012 Excavations

Fikri KULAKOĞLU1, Kutlu EMRE2, Ryoichi KONTANI3,Sabahattin EZER4 and Güzel ÖZTÜRK1

キュルテペ遺跡（古代カニシュ）2012 年発掘調査概報F・クラックオウル 1、K・エムレ 2、紺谷亮一 3、

S・エゼル 4、G・オズトゥルク 1

2012 excavations at Kültepe-Kaniş have been carried out in two trenches. The large pit to the south of the monumental Early Bronze Age building, which was unearthed in 2010, was defined as Trench 1. The excavations carried out on a 15 x 10 m area have showed that a grain storage pit, which was first dug at the end of the Early Bronze Age, was later reused as a pit. The second trench was defined of a 30 x 5 m size area, with a deposit of 4 m high, which is located between two Early Bronze Age Trenches excavated by Prof. Dr. Tahsin Özgüç in 1950's and 1960's. The main objective here was to uncover the extensions of two monumental buildings and to define the relations between them which were unearthed in previous seasons, and to observe a clear stratification of the area. During this year’s work the eastern extension of the monumental Early Bronze Age building has been uncovered. The excavations conducted in this area aimed to enlighten the stratigraphy of levels 13-11 belonging to the Early Bronze Age III at Kültepe. Besides the archaeological excavations a great emphasize has been put for restoration and preservation purposes. Especially, preventive procedures have been carried out within the frame of the project designed to preserve the monumental Early Bronze Age building and the private houses at Karum.

Introduction

2012 excavations at Kültepe-Kaniş have been carried out between 30th June 2012 and 16th October 2012. Team members include Prof. Dr. Fikri Kulakoğlu (Director), Prof. Dr. Kutlu Emre (Honorary-Director), archaeologists Assist. Prof. Dr. Sabahattin Ezer, Res. Assist. Güzel Öztürk, Oya Topçuoğlu, Nejat Panti, Merve Özkılıç, Güzin Eren, Ferhat Can, Ryoichi

1 アンカラ大学 Ankara University2 アンカラ大学名誉教授　 Emeritus Professor, Ankara University3 ノートルダム清心女子大学 Notre Dame Seishin University4 アドゥヤマン大学 Adıyaman University

Fig. 1 Field cleaning work before the excavations.

44 岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27巻　2013 年

Fig. 2 Kültepe excavations in 2012

45Kültepe-Kaniş 2012　F. KULAKOĞLU, K. EMRE, R. KONTANI, S. EZER and G. ÖZTÜRK

Kontani, Takahiro Odaka, Dr. Yuji Yamaguchi, Dr. Hiroshi Sudo, Dr. Yuichi Hayakawa, Chikashi Miyake; anthropologist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Handan Üstundağ; assyriologists Prof. Dr. Cahit Gunbattı, Res. Assist. Murat Çayır, Res. Assist. Hakan Erol; geologists Prof. Dr. Vedat Toprak, Prof. Dr. Ünsal Yalçin, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurdan Y. Işık, Prof. Dr. Kaoru Kashima, Dr. Ryutaro Naruhashi; architects Hakan Şahan, Aynur Elmaağaçlı, Özlem Ada; restoration-conservation specialists Mehmet Uguryol, Res. Assist. Drahsan Uğuryol; technical staff Benni Coockson, Abdurrahim Çulha, İbrahim Konakçı and students Işıl Uğur, Bedia Ceren Kılıç, Doğa Karatokuş, Yaşar Aydemir, Ezel

Guneş, İdem İbicek, Mine Kocaay, Pelin Dardoğan, Melek Solak, Semih Demir, Huseyin Kara Zeynep Cebeci, Mustafa Zeki, Merve Begum Cebe, Sefa Esintokan, Cem Akbulut, Oğuz Yuce. The 2012 excavation season at Kultepe-Kaniş has been generously supported by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Directorate of Antiquties and Museums; Directorate of DÖSİMM, Ankara University Faculty of Letters, Dedeman Holding, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 2012) and Fukutake Science & Culture Foundation (Grant for History and Geography 2011).

Fig. 3 Trench 1; the large pit from east

Fig. 4 Trench 1 Fig. 5 Trench 1

46 岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27巻　2013 年

1 Excavations

Archaeological excavations at Kültepe started at 30th June 2012 with the cleaning of the working areas at the Tepe sector. Excavations have been carried out in two different areas.(1) Trench 1

The large pi t to the south of the monumental Early Bronze Age building, which was unearthed in 2010, was defined as Area 1. The excavations carried out on a 15 x 10 m area have showed that a grain storage pit, which was first dug at the end of the Early Bronze Age, was later reused as a pit. As the excavations proceeded it’s observed that the profile of the pit narrows downwards. A total of 3 m deposit has been excavated but the floor can’t be reached

during this year. The excavated deposit include high amount of pottery sherds and animal bones. The majority of the pottery dates back to the Early Bronze Age, to a time span, just before the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period. Apart from these, many pieces of broken and thrown out moulds, crucibles and clay small finds indicate that this area was used as a refuse pit. The excavated deposit showed no traces of an architectural remain. This large pit and the storage pit, which it was dug into, are planned to be excavated in future seasons.

(2) Trench 2The second sector was defined of a

30 x 5 m size area, with a deposit of 4 m high, which is located between two Early Bronze Age trenches excavated by Prof. Dr. Tahsin Özgüç in 1950’s and 1960’s. The

Fig. 6 Trench 1: The cross-section of large pit.

47Kültepe-Kaniş 2012　F. KULAKOĞLU, K. EMRE, R. KONTANI, S. EZER and G. ÖZTÜRK

main objective here was to uncover the extensions of two monumental buildings and to define the relations between them, which were unearthed in previous seasons, and to observe a clear stratification of the area. During this year’s work the eastern extension

of the monumental Early Bronze Age building has been uncovered. It is clearly seen that this mud brick wall was exposed to a severe and intensive fire.

Just like all other structures in this area,

Fig. 7 Trench 2: Storage pits of the Level 11a

Fig. 8 Trench 2

Fig. 9 Trench 2: Early Bronze Age monumental buildings.

48 岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27巻　2013 年

this building was also destroyed by stone wells. The contents and the stratigraphic position of the wells show that they were used before the Colony Period. During the course of excavations a large number of grain storage pits, refuse or ash pits of the Pre-Colony Period have been identified. We think that the well-built stone wells must have been used as granaries. At many areas the Early Bronze Age remains were destroyed by these wells. The western and eastern walls (Dv. 02. 07) of room Mk. 08 were plastered and the white, hardened floor has also been uncovered. However, the southern half of the floor was destroyed by upper level. The pithos uncovered close to the southern border of the room turned out to be used as a burial vessel (M.1) and included no archaeological remains but a child skeleton.

The excavations at this area revealed the eastern extension and its relationships with

the other parts of the monumental building, which was uncovered first in 2010. The last room on the eastern side of the monumental building was determined in 2010, but we were unable to find the border wall to the east. Above mentioned work showed that this closing wall (Dv. 09) was further to the east than previously thought. However, this wall which continues to the south was destroyed by grain storage pit and, refuse or ash pits. During the excavations within the last room (Mk. 16 and 19) of the monumental building so far, two different floors have been identified at different levels. This shows that mentioned building was gone through a renovation period. The fact that the excavated deposits contain almost no find and pottery indicates that this building was emptied prior to abandonment.

On a new extension area to the south of the second sector, excavations continued

Fig. 10 Conservation of the monumental building of Level 13

49Kültepe-Kaniş 2012　F. KULAKOĞLU, K. EMRE, R. KONTANI, S. EZER and G. ÖZTÜRK

in order to understand the architectural development of the monumental buildings, which were uncovered during the old excavations, and to identify the relationships between them. The eastern extension of the northern side-wall (Dv. 16) of the plastered building has been identified at upper levels. This building was placed in Level 11b during the old excavations. This wall makes a turn and continues to the south, however the southern extension was destroyed by upper level at many parts. At the southern part of the new extension area an irregular rectangular, cell-planned room (Mk. 29 Br. 01) has been uncovered with stone foundations and mud brick walls. The floor of this room has been reached at a depth of 1,5 m. apart from some Early Bronze Age III sherds, no other finds have been found. On the western part of the new extension area, the eastern wall of the megaron-building of Level 12 has been uncovered. This wall continues within the plastered building and parallel to it. The excavations conducted in

this area aimed to enlighten the stratigraphy of levels 13-11 belonging to the Early Bronze Age III at Kültepe. In this area the eastern wall of the “megaron” of Level 12 has been uncovered beneath the monumental “plastered building” of Level 11b, identified as the earliest phase of Level 11. This building, which was founded on the remains of a larger building dated to Level 13 was discovered during the older excavations and shows a unique character for Central Anatolia. Just beneath this building lies another monumental building, which was discovered in 2010. This building represents so far the largest building in Anatolia for the Early Bronze Age.

2 Preservation and Restoration Work

Beside archaeological excavations a great emphasize has been put for restoration and preservation purposes. Especially, preventive procedures have been carried out within the frame of the project designed to

Fig. 11 Conservation of the monumental building of Level 12

50 岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27巻　2013 年

preserve the monumental Early Bronze Age building and the private houses at Karum. A team of conservators Mehmet Uğuryol and Drahşan Uğuryol has carried out the project and examined in order to identify the material and equipment to be used for the preservation of the stone and mud brick walls of these buildings. Another project has been prepared by the same team to preserve and restore the stone and mud brick walls of the monumental Early Bronze Age building. Above-mentioned team with the help of two restorators, two restoration and five archaeology students and five workers have carried out the applications at this area. Apart from these, in order to protect the

monumental megaron building excavated by Prof. Dr. Tahsin Özgüç during 1950’s, the stone foundations have been reinforced and protective measures have been applied to preserve the mud brick walls.

3 CONCLUSION

As a result of 2012 season at Kültepe-Kaniş a total number of 144 archaeological artifacts have ben delivered to the Kayseri Archaeological Museum. Further 24 artifacts as study material have been put at the excavation storerooms and protected by sealing the door at the end of the excavation season.

１．投稿内容は、西アジアの考古、美術、言語、民族、文化に関する学術的かつオリジナルな内容のものとします。２．投稿の期日は、毎年 12月末とします。３．原稿は、和文または欧文（原則として英・仏・独）とします。欧文原稿については和文 1000 字程度の概要も添え、必ずネイティブ・スピーカーズ・チェックを受けたものを提出してください。４．テキストは本文・註 ･ 参考文献を含め40,000字、図表は本誌５頁分以内とします。

５．投稿原稿の採否は紀要編集委員会にて決定し、毎年１月下旬までに通知いたします。６．抜刷を50部まで無料で作成いたします。50 部以上をご希望の場合は実費をご負担いただきます。７．本誌に掲載された論文を転載する場合は、編集委員会にご一報の上、出版物を一部寄贈ください。８．投稿に際しましては事前に編集担当者へご連絡ください。

投 稿 規 程

編 集 後 記

　岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要第 27巻をお届けいたします。上杉

氏には当館所蔵の動物・ミニチュア容器付環状土製品について報告いただ

きました。当館が作成した X線画像や CTスキャニング画像も活用いただ

きました。今回はキュルテペ遺跡の発掘調査報告を、当紀要にはじめて寄

稿いただきました。日本の調査隊は 2008 年からキュルテペ遺跡周辺の遺

跡踏査を行ってきました。データも蓄積され、さまざまな分析ができるよ

うになってきました。日本隊の調査とアンカラ大学の発掘調査、双方のデー

タを総合的に評価することで、古代都市キュルテペ遺跡、および中央アナ

トリアの青銅器時代の理解を深めていけるものと思います。

岡山市立オリエント美術館研究紀要　第 27巻　ISSN0285-9408発行日：2013 年（平成 25年）3月 29日発 行：岡山市立オリエント美術館　〒 700-0814　岡山市北区天神町９－ 31　　　　電 話　086 － 232 － 3636　　ファクス　086 － 232 － 5342　　　　E-mail　orient@city.okayama.jp　　　　URL　http://www.orientmuseum.jp/　※ウェブサイトURL が変わりました。編 集：須　藤　寛　史印 刷：土師印刷工芸株式会社

Bulletin of the Okayama Orient Museum　Vol. 27　ISSN 0285-9408

Published in 29 March, 2013Copyright 2013 by Okayama Orient MuseumAddress: 9-31 Tenjin-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0814 JapanTelephone: +81-86-232-3636　Facsimille: +81-86-232-5342orient@city.okayama.jp　http://www.orientmuseum.jp/ (URL of the website was changed.)Editor: Hiroshi SUDOPrint: Haji Printing Co., Ltd.

　Bulletin of the Okayama Orient Museum is a periodical free of charge and annually published by Okayama Orient Museum, a municipal museum researching archaeology, cultural history, and art history of Near and Middle East, founded in 1979 by the City of Okayama in Japan.　This bulletin is issued for scholarly communication with museums, institutions, universities, etc. engaged in similar or

relating research activities. Contributions of original research work will be appreciated. Papers should be written in Japanese, English, French, or Germany, in principle. Please atach a summary by Japanese or English. Authors from abroad will receive one copy of the bulletin and fifty offprints of their articles (all these are free of charge). Please don't hesitate to coontact the editor before submitting the manuscripts.

2013

27

Bulletin of the Okayama Orient Museum

ISSN 0285-9408

A Note on a Terracotta Ring-shaped Object with Animal Figurines and a Miniature Pot

of the Balochistan Tradition in the Okayama Orient Museum

Akinori UESUGI 1-13

Preliminary Report for the Archaeological Survey in Kayseri Province, Turkey

(KAYAP), the Fifth Season (2012)

R. KONTANI, T. ODAKA, H. SUDO, Y. S. HAYAKAWA,Y. YAMAGUCHI,

F. KULAKOĞLU, K. EMRE, S. EZER and G. ÖZTÜRK 15-42

Kültepe-Kaniş, Turkey: Preliminary Report on the 2012 Excavations

F. KULAKOĞLU, K. EMRE, R. Kontani, S. EZER and G. ÖZTÜRK 43-50