INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON WINDOWS PHONE 8 PLATFORM

INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON WINDOWS PHONE 8 PLATFORM

Author: Andrés Fraga Pérez Tutor: Enrique Castelló Mayo

Master in “Communication and Cultural Industries”

3

THANKS TO ................................................................................................................... 3

GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................... 3

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY .......................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5 Justification of the study .......................................................................................................... 6 Objetives ......................................................................................................................................... 7

METHODS AND MATERIAL .......................................................................................... 8 Operating System ....................................................................................................................... 8 Terminal .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Method ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Diagram Design ........................................................................................................................... 5

RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 6 Camera Block ................................................................................................................................ 6 Album Block ................................................................................................................................ 10 PHOTO HUB ................................................................................................................................ 13

DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 16 Taken pictures ............................................................................................................................ 16 Lenses ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Rich Media .................................................................................................................................. 20 Photo Hub ................................................................................................................................... 21 Editing .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Share ............................................................................................................................................. 25

CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 28

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 29

ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 31

This work by Andrés Fraga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

THANKS TO

To my parents, for teaching me how important and excitement the scientific method is To Luneira to review everything, supporting me throughout and for everything else. To Ricardo Cirujano y Juha Alakarhu for the help, again.

3

GLOSSARY

• API: Application Program Interface. A set of functions and procedures that allows an application to access the libraries or data of an operating system, application, or other service. It is used to manage online services from applications.

• Demosaicing: algorithm used to perform the chromatic interpolation that allows obtaining information about the three RGB colors in a pixel from a series of photoreceptors organized according to a Bayer pattern.

• Lens Picker: Windows Phone 8 menu that allows choosing between the different Lenses Applications installed on the phone.

• Lenses: Windows Phone 8 applications programmed to use the camera viewfinder and to be launched from Lens Picker.

• Live Tile: a Tile that is able to show information concerning its application and that is regularly updated.

• MMS: Multimedia Messaging System. Standard messaging system that allows sending text messages with images, sound or videos.

• NFC: Near Field Communication. It is a wireless communication technology that sends data from short distance and at high frequency, which allows data exchange among devices. It is used for payments, transmission of short texts and device synchronization.

• Raw: Digital format containing the unprocessed information captured by the sensor of a digital camera.

• Tile: The start screen of Windows Phone 8 is made up of a number of square icons that give access to applications and, in some cases, to a specific part of an application.

4

ABSTRACT

This study has evaluated the possibilities that Windows Phone 8 operating system has to offer regarding capture, editing and use of photographs Firstly, the functions of the operating system under study were delimited, as well as which applications external to the system would be chosen in order to analyse the relationship between the operating system and the applications. Once the object of study was defined, a diagram with all the screen options and the menus that have been included in this study was designed. This diagram allows to locate in an easy way the user's movements and interactions within the operating system. During the creation of the diagram, it was decided to divide the study into two blocks: one concerning image captures and the other in relation to image uses and editing. These blocks were analysed independently, as well as the relationship between them. Once the diagram was finished, it was made an accurate description of the processes involved in the image use and capture and the steps the user must perform in order to have access to the different actions that the operating system offers. Finally, the effectiveness of Microsoft's approach was evaluated and some alternatives were suggested, both concerning the functioning of the operating system itself and how it works with third-party applications that use image.

5

INTRODUCTION AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY

Introduction Digital photography has evolved considerably during the last decade. From an almost experimental system, it has turned into practically the only and indisputable method to capture everyday images. Cameras have developed form expensive low quality prototypes to wonders of electronics with surprisingly reliable results at manufacturing costs that would have been impossible some years ago. Technological advances carried out in photography have led to a complete redesign of the sector that has affected at all levels. Film manufacturing companies were the first to be hit by this change, which at the same time has had a negative impact on the global network of photography shops whose core business was the sale and development of film, and whose business volume suddenly became nearly non-existent. One the sectors that most intensively has undergone this change was the camera manufacturing industry. The introduction of electronics in the making of photographic cameras, which was already present in almost all the camera models from the late 90's, led to the development of digital captors and forced camera manufacturers to invest huge amounts of money in the research and development of sensors and any necessary technology related to digital image. This digitizing process of the photographic industry favoured the incorporation of new companies coming from the world of consumer electronic products, which had more experience in the digital field and found it relatively easy to learn the basis about camera design, specially in the field of consumer cameras. This incorporation of new players into the photo camera market resulted in numerous cases in the commercialization of many low cost cameras, especially at the beginning of the 2000s decade. These develops made by companies with no experience in photography contributed to the popularization of digital photography, although in many cases at the expense of making mistakes that traditional industry had already overcome some years ago. The addition of these new companies to the production of cameras led to one of the deepest changes when it comes to consumer photography. This change is directly related to the equipment used; although they are still optical lenses placed in front of sensors, their features lead us not to call them cameras. We are talking about mobile phones with photo cameras.

6

Since the releasing of the first camera phones at the beginning of the 21st century, this extra was fast becoming an indispensable supplement. The possibility to always carry a camera inside their pocket was quickly welcome by the consumers, to the extent that very few mobile phones do not include a camera among its features nowadays. We cannot say camera phones success was exclusively due to their portability. The design requirements, in a race towards thinness and lightness, and the limitations of battery consumption, caused most of the times phone camera image quality to be much lower than the most affordable range of compact cameras, making it impossible to compete in equal terms in price and results. Nevertheless, mobile phones had a great advantage over compact cameras: the possibility to share the photographs taken in an easier way.

Justification of the study Given the importance of image in everyday use of current mobile phones, the attention paid to this field is expected to be similar. Nowadays, every main mobile operating system integrates image capture. Nevertheless, its functions usually do not go far beyond managing the camera, basic editing and a more or less advanced image filing system, as well as the possibility to share them. In order to take advantage of all the potential mobile phones have in the field of photography and image managing, it seems necessary to use applications that make the most of both the different mobile phone hardware and the intrinsic possibilities operating systems have. Nevertheless, this is not possible without an in-depth knowledge of the operating system functioning. There is great amount of official information that makes programming the different applications and integrating them within the operating system easier. However, this information mainly focuses on the programming section, providing source solutions necessary for the proper functioning of the application, but it does not facilitate the global understanding of the system functioning. This study aimed to create a document that helped develop an application from the beginning, providing a global vision of Windows Phone 8. That is why this work focused on the creation of a diagram that allowed to make decisions concerning the most important aspects of integration when developing an image application.

7

At the same time, a detailed study of the system allows us to identify the weakest aspects within the system functioning. The identification of these aspects allows the designer to avoid them or, if necessary, replace them in the application design. It also helps to improve future versions of the operating system. On the other hand, having chosen Windows Phone as the system under study responds to the opportunity of working on a young operating system which is still in a process of definition. Despite representing only the 2.5% of the smartphone market, its rate has increased by 98,9% in 2012. This will enable the system to reach the third position in the market of mobile operating systems in 2013.

Objetives The main aim of this study was to create a document that provided a better understanding of how images work in Windows Phone platform. The diagram, which is the central element of this work, was designed as a tool that allowed visualizing in an easy and global way the functioning of photography within the operating system and its relationship with the applications installed. The diagram was designed in order to work apart from this study. It sought to be a useful tool for developers when designing photographic applications. Thus, it is intended to be used by the application programming industry. Another objective was to discover the system weaknesses through the analysis of the diagram and to suggest improvements that may improve its use. The detailed and methodological analysis of the possible interactions between the different points of the operating system and the advantages that graphic display has when detecting weaknesses, made possible a more efficient study of its functioning. Without aiming to design an alternative method, this work sought to light up those aspects open to improvement and to come up with solutions inside the Windows Phone structure itself.

8

METHODS AND MATERIAL

Operating System This study was developed on the Windows Phone 8 operating system. Version SO: 8.0.10211.204 Firmware revision number: 1030.5603.1250.0001 Hardware revision number: 1.0.0.0 Radio software version: 2.0.242008.6 SOC chip version: 8227 This operating system has a range of specific Nokia extras designed in order to improve the user experience, making up for some of the deficiencies that such a young operating system like Windows Phone 8 may have. Some of these modifications were inherited from Symbian, the old Nokia operating system that has a long background. -‐ Software release: 1.8.1.140 -‐ Accessories agent: 1.0.5.2 -‐ Feedback to Nokia: 2.3.0.10 -‐ Nokia First Use Experience: 1.5.1.1 -‐ SMS vCard Receiver: 1.1.0.4 -‐ Warranty registration: 1.1.0.4

-‐ SIM Unlock: 1.0.0.5 -‐ Manufacture Model Name: RM-

846_eu_spain_358 -‐ Mobile Operator Name: 000-ES -‐ Configuration ID: 124812

Terminal The device that has been tested in this study is a Nokia Lumia 620. At the moment of starting this work, it was the most modern Lumia -name given to the range of telephones of Nokia with Windows Phone- with Windows Phone 8 operating system on the market. Despite being a medium range telephone, its features regarding camera and image options are the same compared to some high range phones like Nokia Lumia 920 or HTC Windows Phone 8X. Some of the Nokia Lumia 620 features are: -‐ Manufacturer Name: RM846_eu_spain_358 -‐ Mobile Operator: 000-ES -‐ Configuration ID: 151000 -‐ Label ID: 1030.6407.1308.10133

3

Cameras' features1 (table 1):

Main Camera

Camera sensor 5 MP Camera focus type Auto focus with two-stage capture key

Camera f-number/aperture f/2.4 Camera focal length 2.9mm Equivalent focal length in 35mm 28mm Minimum focus range 10cm Photoreceptor size 2 1.4μm Image formats JPEG/Exif Flash type LED Flash operating range 3m Flash modes Off, Automatic, On Other features Touch focus, landscape orientation, auto

and manual white balance, still image editor, geotagging

Camera adds-on (February 2013) Cinemagraph lens Bing vision Smart Shoot lens Panorama lens

Capture modes Video, Still Scene modes Automatic, Night Portrait, Sports, Night,

Close-up, Backlight White balance mode s Cloudy, Incandescent, Fluorescent,

Daylight, Automatic Light sensitivity Automatic, ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400, ISO

800

Secondary Camera

Resolution

640 × 480 pixels

F-number/aperture

f/2.4

Secondary videocamera-other features Video recording, Still image capture Table 1: Nokia Lumia 620 camera’s characteristics

1 Nokia España, http://www.nokia.com/es-‐es/productos/moviles/lumia620/especificaciones/, 08/05/2013. 2 ALAKARHU, J. com. pers. (Head of Imaging technologies at Nokia)

4

Method In order to create the diagram, all the menus have been disclosed and screenshots of every stage have been saved. Screenshots serve at the same time as visual elements and as a reference that allows us to verify each menu's location, avoiding possible mistakes. In a first exploration, the limits inside the operating system where images can be used are identified. This process is conducted in a first approximation with a phone with its factory settings, writing down the operating system possibilities. Analysing the factory settings allows us to create the basis for the diagram of the operating system features, without the possible applications interactions being present. Once a certain familiarity with the device exists, a first version of the diagram is created. Then, a phone setting with the different user accounts, mail, social networks and cloud storage services is made. Besides, a series of test shots are made with the twofold purpose of understanding how the camera setting menus work and providing the phone galleries with enough material in order to be able to conduct tests. This is to find the greatest accessibility to all the interaction possibilities the operating system offers with other platforms, telephones and services. While it is impossible to determine a “standard” setting for a device, registering to the main services the telephone can be directly connected to from the operating system allows us to identify uses and routes that many users will use. Services like Twitter or Facebook, that have bidirectional access to the operating system, are frequently used by most of the Windows Phone 8 phone users. Taking into account the main services allows increasing the possibilities for study and obtaining a more useful diagram. Once the first exploration is finished and the telephone configured, a thorough documentation of all the possibilities and menus related to image within the defined area is made, examining every possible interaction in each screen and linking them with one another. The very nature of Windows Phone, in which accessibility to images is very easy, causes this documentation process to be developed in different stages, since there are different navigation possibilities in some of the screens. Once this information is gathered together, the documentation concerning each screen and its organization within the diagram is carried out. All the screenshots with the different menus, windows and screens are directed towards the same layout and the lines that define the users' routes start to be drawn.

5

Diagram Design The diagram design was made on the basis of the phone screens themselves. The graphic simplicity of the Windows Phone 8 interface allowed the use of the real elements from the operating system screen without this resulting in a visual overloaded diagram. Following this idea of simplicity, characteristic of Windows Phone 8, some of the diagrams developed by Microsoft itself in order to explain the functioning of its mobile operating system were adopted as a reference.

Figure 1: examples of diagrams used by Microsoft in its information for developers

The decision to use the telephone screens themselves instead of a schematic diagram (figure 1) was taken with the intention of making it easier for future users of the diagram to identify each stage, both in the process of designing its applications and when testing their functioning within the operating system. In the same way, a caption was set that, by means of a simple colour and symbol code, allows identifying not only the screens but also the routes between each of them and the existing movement possibilities between them. To do so, a colour code was chosen to aloud to differentiate if that route is unidirectional or bidirectional, and if it is accessible from that screen or not. As it will be explained hereunder, several system points exist in which, in certain situations, entering a password is requested. In order to identify them, an icon is created. (Table 2) It should be made clear that, due to Windows Phone 8 design, there is the possibility to go back to the previous screen at any moment by pressing the “back” button. When this study refers to a unidirectional route, it refers to those routes in which the user cannot go back from the screen itself, although he or she can always do it with the “back” button. Equally, with bidirectional routes, the user, once the corresponding action in a screen is completed, through internment or by the simple fact of having completed this action, goes back to the previous screen following the same route. In

6

order to facilitate understanding of this routes, a series of arrows have been included indicating that it is a one-way route.

Bidirectional routes: the user can move along from one screen to the other in both ways.

Bidirectional routes with no exit: the user can go from one screen to another but the only possible exit is to take the same route used to get there.

Unidirectional routes: the user can move from one screen to another one-‐way only.

Route with control access: if the password control of the telephone is activated, this route has to be activated in order to have access to next point.

Table 2: Caption of the diagram.

RESULTS

A diagram was created with two big blocks: The first dealing with the options referring to the capture of images, which was named Camera Block, and the second one referring to how these can be used; Album Block. In addition to the two above mentioned blocks, three screens can be found inside the diagram, which do not have a specific connection with image; namely, the Lock Screen, the Start Screen and the System Menu, which were included in the diagram since they are essential to understand the connection between the two other blocks and the rest of the operating system, and also because they work as the user’s entrance to the photographic functions and applications. In a first phase of the research each block was studied separately, although, as it is explained below, one of the main characteristics of Windows Phone 8 is the interconnection that these two blocks have with each other and with the rest of the operating system. Finally, each single option of every individual block was studied in a very detailed way, in order to observe how they work together.

Camera Block Windows 8 has two ways of accessing the camera application. The first is through the operating system menu or a tile on the start screen, as it happens with any other

7

application. The second option is to press the camera button for more than a second. In this case, the phone opens the camera application, even if another application or the operating system is active at the same time. In case an application which uses the shutter release is open, as it is the case of many applications that use camera, this will operate depending on how it is has been programmed. This option works even when the phone is blocked, allowing a quick access to the camera in any given situation. Even when the phone has a password activated, the shutter release allows accessing the camera, taking photos or videos and entering the camera configuration menus. However, at every stage that allows us to access the rest of the operating system, from outside the camera block, an icon in the form of a lock indicates that a password must be introduced to continue. By pressing this icon, we can access the phone block screen where the user must introduce the password in order to return to the camera screen, now with free access to all the phone functions. Somewhat this feature allows to delimit what was named camera block, as the camera options introduced in this block are the only phone functions available from it, except for answering calls, which are accessible without introducing the password. The connection of this block with the rest of the operating system, and consequently with the album block, is carried out through two steps which work as an access gate by limiting the use of the phone without a password. Once the user has accessed the camera application, the camera viewfinder activates and the image the camera is capturing can be seen. Overlaying the viewfinder image, buttons appear on both sides of the screen; both horizontally and vertically. On the left-hand side, when the device is in horizontal position, or in the upper side, when it is in vertical position. An arrow shows that there are available images for display from the photo gallery. This gallery is placed outside the Camera Block and it is one of the points of access to the Album Block and the rest of the operating system. If the phone is not unlocked this icon is substituted by a symbol with a lock. The application toolbar is placed on the right-hand side, when the device is set horizontally, or at the bottom side, if it is in upright position. By pressing on the three dots on the application toolbar, the application menu, which shows the names of the buttons in the application toolbar, is displayed. This functioning of the applications toolbar and menu is a feature included in all the applications and functions of Windows phone 8 operating system.

8

In the application menu four iconic buttons and two menu entries can be seen. The buttons work the way it is shown in table 3.

Figure 2: Example of placement and operation of the application bar and application menu in portrait and landscape orientation.

Allows switching the use of the application from photo mode to video mode.

Allows switching from using the back camera, which is activated by default, to the front camera.

Allows changing the flash configuration: Automatic, On and Off.

Allows access to lenses. 3

Table 3: Buttons of the camera application menu and its functions.

The icon lenses allows access to Lens Picker, a menu where the applications programmed as Lenses are shown. When pressing on an app, it must open activating the camera viewfinder, as it is indicated in the information for developers of Microsoft Windows Phone 8.

Lenses are a viewfinder-driven experience. That means that a user who is launching a viewfinder-specific app should immediately land on an experience that makes use of viewfinder properties. Lens design guidelines for Windows Phone. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/design/jj662922(v=vs.105).aspx#BKMK_Thelaunchexperience (06/05/2013)

3 Lens Picker, is a menu with all the Lens apps installed in our device. It also allows access to the app store showing other Lens apps available.

9

In the same screen, find more lenses allows to download more applications. For that purpose, the applications shop is directly opened in a list of those applications tagged as Lenses. Both elements of the menu provide access to the configuration of photography and video. As this study is only focused on the features of the operating system regarding photography, only the photography configuration menu is analysed, since the options related to the video capture and its corresponding configurations are also included in the “Camera Block”. Scenes • Auto (default)

• Close-‐up • Night • Night Portrait • Sports • Backlight

Allows to choose one of the different scene modes. Each scene gives priority to some of the camera factors when calculating the exposure.

ISO • Auto (default) • 100 • 200 • 400 • 800

Allows to choose the sensitivity level of the sensor with the standard ISO.

Exposure Value • 2 • 1 2/3 • 1 1/3 • 1 • 2/3 • 1/3 • 0 (default) • -‐1/3 • -‐2/3 • -‐1 • -‐1 1/3 • -‐1 2/3 • -‐2

Allows to modify the exposure values of the camera, overexposing or underexposing the exposure detected by the camera.

White Balance • Automatic (default) • Cloudy • Daylight • Fluorescent • Incandescent

Allows to modify the white balance of the camera in order to get adapted to the different illuminations.

Aspect Ratio • 16:9 (default) • 4:3

Allows to vary the capture format of the photo.

Focus Assist Light • In (default) • Off

Enables or disables the focus assist light.

Table 4: Setting options of the mobile camera.

Within the photography configuration menu, access can be found to six sub-menus to modify the main features of the camera, as it is explained in table 4. These are default features of the operating system and are also available to be used by the rest

10

of the apps. The photography configuration menu fills two thirds of the screen, leaving the remaining space for the activated viewfinder. This way all the changes made in the main menu can be observed in real time. The only exception being the Exposure Value menu, which opens a new screen with all the values.

Album Block Sections of the operating system where it is possible to interact with images that have been obtained from the camera or are stored in any of the galleries are included in the “Album Block”. While the Camera Block is clearly delimited and is an enclosed space, the Album Block is more difficult to delimit, since it is integrated into the core of the operating system and it shares many functions with the applications, making it more difficult to define its limits and its interactions. This is specially evident at those points where the operating system comes into contact with the applications, making it difficult to define whether the routes are unidirectional or bidirectional, as so this is going to depend on the programming of each application. Another characteristic of this block is the greater complexity of its routes. It does not exist a linear route but a net that connects together the galleries, photos and applications at several points, being Photo Hub the main nexus of union. There are three access points to the Album Block; one from the Start Screen and two from the Camera Block. These Camera Block access points serve as a secure access in case a password is not necessary to have access to the camera application. In these cases, before being allowed to have access to any of the Album Block screens, we are requested to enter the password, with a screen similar to the phone unlock screen. If the phone is set without a password access control, as in the original factory settings, a password will not be requested at any point, so this move from one block to the other will be made without any interruption. On the other hand, once the unlock password is entered, it won’t be necesary to enter it again until the phone is relocked. From the applications menu, or from its respective Tile in the Start Menu, we can access the Photo application, which in reality leads us to what Microsoft calls Photo Hub. This is one of the most important and complex elements of Windows Phone 8 image management. Although Photo Hub will be further discussed, its main use is in offering a unified access to the different albums where you can see all the photos stored in your phone, as well as some images stored in cloud services or in certain

11

Internet sites. Photo Hub also gives you access to the web browser and to some installed apps. These options are explained in greater detail in the next chapter. It should be noted that albums can be of two types: those that contain images stored in the phone and those that contain images from any account the telephone is synchronized with. While there is not any visual difference that allows us to distinguish them more than the fact that images stored in the phone are shown first in the Albums window, the existing possibilities with this photos are multiple. This aspect will be further developed in the next chapter, but at this point the study focuses on images stored in the phone's memory. You can access the desired photo from an album and move from one to another by dragging your finger to one side or the other of the screen; moving forward when dragging it towards the left and stepping back when doing it towards the right. You can zoom in or out by pinching your fingers together and apart on the screen. You can do the same by double tapping the screen, both to zoom in or going back to the initial position. Once over the photograph, you can open the photo menu and access the following options (table 5). If the image is stored in one of the albums synchronized with Facebook or Skydrive, the options will be limited to save in the telephone, lock screen and add or see tags. In the case of Skydrive it also exists the option delete. There is the possibility to directly access the Album Block from the camera application by pressing the upper-left corner icon or dragging your finger towards the right, which directly leads to the last photo of the camera album. In addition, if the image being displayed has been taken with a Rich Media App, there is the option of loading the image straightaway into the app that shot it, and access the information associated with the image which is stored in the apps’s own file. Finally, from the Lens Picker, which you can access from the camera application bar, it is also possible to access Lenses, and, therefore, the Album Block. This is one access checkpoint where a password could be required. share… Tap+send Allows sending an image to another

phone through NFC. Bluetooth Allows sending an image to another

device through Bluetooth. Messaging Attaches the photo to an MMS.

Email account: each account appears independently with the name used for its configuration.

Attaches the photo to an email from the selected email account.

12

Via application: each application is displayed with its name.

Opens the selected image in the application. 4

Social Networks Allows directly uploading the image to the social networks synchronized with the operating system (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Sina Weibo). In Facebook it is possible to include a caption and add a tag. The application automatically searches for faces to tag them and there is the possibility of clicking over the image in order to choose a non-detected face and tag it. It is possible to choose a contact, write down a name or choose one of the recent one.

open in … Only in photos taken with Rich Media Apps 5

Opens the photo in the application and accesses the saved information and parameters.

edit… Crop, rotate, auto-fix Crop: allows cutting the image by choosing a bounding box. It is possible to choose a customized aspect ratio or one from the list. Rotate: turns 90º right with each press. Auto-fix: colour, brightness, saturation and contrast automatic adjustments.

apps…6 Opens the photo in the chosen app.

delete Deletes the image after confirming in a verification window.

add to favourites Adds or removes an image from the favourites album.

set as lock screen It uses the picture as the lock screen wallpaper. It allows adapting the image to the lock screen size..

save to SkyDrive Allows inserting a capture and tagging faces. It detects faces automatically or manually. It uploads images to the “Photos/ Mobile Uploads” file from the SkyDrive account.

apps Only for Windows Phone 7 (in its different versions) apps. This option will disappear in future Windows Phone 8 updates. Its use is substituted by “Edit”.7

Table 5: Possible uses of an image.

4 Extending the share picker for Windows Phone. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-‐us/library/windowsphone/develop/ff967563(v=vs.105).aspx (03/05/2013) 5 Rich media extensibility for Windows Phone 8 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-‐us/library/windowsphone/develop/jj662942(v=vs.105).aspx (03/05/2013) 6 Extending the photo edit picker for Windows Phone 8. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-‐us/library/windowsphone/develop/jj662932(v=vs.105).aspx (03/05/2013) 7 Extending the photo apps picker for Windows Phone 7. “The photo apps picker will be deprecated in a future release. New Windows Phone 8 photo editing apps should extend the photo edit picker instead” http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-‐us/library/windowsphone/develop/ff817010(v=vs.105).aspx (03/05/2013)

13

PHOTO HUB From the application menu or, if necessary, from a Tile in the start screen, it is possible to access Photo Hub. This core application works as a central tool to manage anything related to images in Windows Phone 8 and contains all the pictures in the system, including on-line albums. Besides, it can be updated with images from contacts or other Internet sources. From Photo Hub user can access all the pictures stored in the phone, both when they have been taken with the camera itself or downloaded or created with a different application. In the same way, the user can access the images which were provided by the various accounts synchronized with the operating system, like Facebook or SkyDrive. It is also possible to access the images which the user’s contacts share on Facebook.

Figure 3: Example of Photo Hub with the four sections.

The structure of Photo Hub is divided into four sections: Collections, Favorites, What’s new and Apps, which, as it can be seen in figure 3, are placed within the same screen, following the design basis of Windows Phone. In table 6 de contents of every section is unveiled and, in an attached document, the different browsing options are explained. Photo Hub is structured in four screens that actually consist of three different sections: an images database manager, a social network reader and a list of applications. Many of the options that Photo Hub offers are just different ways to access the photos stored in the database. It is possible to distinguish two types of images from those available in the Photo Hub Albums section: those stored in the device and those accessible from any of the accounts the operating system is synchronized with. Those stored in the operating system are shown in four albums. The main one, that has its own access from Photo Hub and cannot be deleted, is the Camera Album. It

14

contains all the pictures taken with the phone camera. In addition to this, it also exists an album called Saved pictures. It contains images coming from messaging applications, emails or the internet browser that are saved by the operating system. There is an album called 8 that comes standard with the operating system. It contains a selection of eight images numbered from 1 to 8. Finally, there is also an album called Screenshots, where all the screen captures made with the phone are stored.

Collections Camera Album

Allows to display the pictures taken with the phone camera.

Albums

Shows all the albums in the system, the ones which contain images stored in the phone and the ones which get images from the synchronized accounts, like Facebook or SkyDrive.

Date Organizes all the images stored in the system (not the ones in our accounts) by the date they have been created.

People Shows all the images of a person which can be accessed from social networks, or which we have tagged in any of our photos.

Favorites Shows the pictures which have been tagged as favorites.

What’s new Shows the updates of our social networks that contain images in order of appearance.

Apps Shows Applications that have the extension Photo Hub.8

Table 6: Photo Hub scheme.

Images stored in services such as Facebook or Skydrive will also appear on the same screen. In the case of Facebook, images will be organized in albums just the same way they do on the web, as for Skydrive, folders included in the Photos root folder will be displayed/shown as albums. In the case that this folder is empty and the photos automatic backup service is activated, Windows Phone automatically created two folders: Saved Images, containing the phone's homonymous album, and Camera Roll, with the contents of the Camera Album. (Table 7) From the screen containing the different albums it is possible to scroll left or right and access the images that are organized by date, favorites and people. In the case of

8 Extending the Photos Hub for Windows Phone http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-‐us/library/windowsphone/develop/hh202950(v=vs.105).aspx (03/05/2013)

15

Date, images are arranged by creation date and only those images stored in the phone, independently of the album where they are, will be shown. Images that have been marked as favorites from their respective menus are displayed in the Favorites screen.

Images stored in the telephone

Camera Album

Photos taken with the phone's camera.

Saved images

Images saved by other applications, downloaded from the email or the internet browser.

8 Gallery containing 8 preloaded pictures. Images Screen captures made with the phone.

Images from accounts Facebook The albums each user has in its Facebook account will be shown.

SkyDrive All the photo albums will be shown in Sky Drive.

Table 7: Organization of images in albums by origin.

Finally, there is the People section, where a series of galleries arranged by contacts is displayed. There is also a default album called Photos of Me, where all the Facebook photos where the phone user has been tagged are shown. In order to add more contacts to the People section, it is possible to choose them from the contact list by pressing Choose Contacts. The operating system automatically adds contacts at the same time the user visits some of their updates in the Photo Hub What's New section. By tapping someone else's image you can access a screen with his or her Facebook galleries. To stop seeing a contact in the People section, tapping and holding the contact's image and selecting the remove from view option is enough. The social networks reader that is on the What’s New window thrives on those Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn accounts synchronized with the operating system. This section filters the updates, showing only those containing images. This system is adapted to images and allows viewing thumbnails of each picture -or even viewing various thumbnails per post in case of being a gallery- with the text that goes with it, as well as information about the elapsed time since the post and the social network used to upload it. Within Photo Hub itself, it is possible to scroll down in order to view the oldest posts that load in batches in order to optimize the data consumption. There is the possibility of seeing the comments, adding a new one and pressing the like button, in the case of Facebook, and retweeting, in the case of Twitter, in every post by tapping an icon located to the right of each post. The result of directly clicking over the post will be different depending on the social network used. In the case of Facebook, the post will be opened in the social network management system native of the operating system, that allows displaying the image

16

in full-screen mode. Also included in the same screen are the title, the comments and the information about the album's name and the number of photos that are included in it. From this very point it is possible to leave a comment that will be appear in the social network with the username set in the accounts section of the phone. Also, there is the possibility to tag a person, both through the contacts list or manually. If the telephone is not able to recognize people's faces in the photograph, it can be made manually. However, this matter is outside of Photo Hub's competences, since these options are part of the social network management the operating system has itself. On the other hand, if the image is uploaded to Twitter, it is opened in the browser after clicking over the post. The list of apps included in Photo Hub shows a selection of applications related to photography and image installed in the phone, both for taking and displaying pictures. In order to appear on the list, an application must incorporate the extension Photo_Hub_Extension in its programming.

DISCUSSION

Taken pictures When using a phone with Windows Phone 8 as a photo camera, there are a number of utilities in the operating system that grant a user-friendly camera experience. One of them is the physical button of the camera. Although in latest versions of the operating system, the camera of the phone can work without a physical button, this option was not available until the model 7.8. Even so, the operating system offers compatibility with fiscal buttons with sensitive of two levels of pressure; opening the choice to options such as blocking the camera focus with the shutter release button, which makes the experience of using mobile phone camera very similar to the use of a standard photo camera. The possibility of accessing the camera directly, by pressing for a second the camera button, allows the user to open the camera application in seconds, regardless of the part of the operating system they are using at the moment. This level of accessibility is equivalent to the option of answering a call, which gives an idea of the importance placed on the camera accessibility. From the point of view of application design, the programmer has three available choices, ShutterKeyHalfpressed, ShutterKeyPressed and ShutterKeyReleased, in order to configure the physical button, increasing the number of possible

17

applications. The usability and accessibility of the physical button allows the user a quick and simple access to the actions that have been configured. What’s more, the use of the physical button for some actions does not prevent the option of starting the same options/them from the screen. The default configuration of the native camera application in Windows Phone 8 lets halfway down pressure on the Shutter Release Button to focus and full pressure to shoot the photo. This way, the focus can be blocked at a certain point to change the frame. However, Windows Phone does not offer the option of blocking the exposure, which, in situations of backlight or reflection, where the exposure meter can easily be deceptive, the only choice will be to overexpose or underexpose, and it is necessary to access the camera menu for this option. The same way there is the option of blocking the focus, adding the possibility of blocking the exposure from the viewfinder screen could be the fastest and simplest method to improve shots in difficult light conditions, such as backlight. The user would only need to focus the camera on a place where he had the wanted exposure conditions, he would block it and then he would frame the desired scene, (so being able to focus on a different place and adjust the focus there). This way the user can arrange his image in three steps: set exposure (values), set the focus distance and, finally, set the frame. Perhaps the access to these menus represent one of the most relevant weak points with regarding image capture. Although the camera native application allows an acceptable level of configuration options, offering, for example, the exposure compensation in thirds of point –something that many compact cameras in the mid-range to low-end range do not-, the difficulty to access these configurations limits its performance range. Taking exposure compensation as a reference example, since the very moment the user, in the camera application, decides to overexpose the scene in order to improve the exposure so it fits their taste, they need at least five screen taps to do it. On the other hand, the exposure value menu, where it is important to preview the results, especially for a user with little knowledge of photography, opens in a new screen, thus disappearing the reference image and making the user to carry out several tests if the result is not satisfactory. This lack of efficiency is replaced in some third party applications that allow a better control of the settings and offer the user configuration options on features like exposure time. This latter selection, in spite of being available from the operating system, is not used in the native application in the camera.

18

It might be in the camera where the design planning of Windows Phone, which gives priority to simplicity and sobriety, faces a problem. The experience gathered after more than 150 years of photography show that the user needs a minimum of information and operating capacity to be able to carry out the photographic activity efficiently. However, the creators of Windows Phone 8 are aware that most users of a phone camera want the most efficient result by only pressing a button.

Figure 4: Comparison of the interfaces of Nokia Lumia 620 Camera (above) and the Nokia 808 PureView.

19

On this basis, it can be understood that the camera application is so simple, even though we miss a mode in which the user has more in control. In the Nokia 808 PureView, a phone of reference considering its photographic features, the user can choose between an automatic mode, where he must only decide the flash status and whether he wants photo or video, or a more advanced mode, where he has in the screen the access possibilities to main image settings. (figure 4). This limitation of the native camera application is used by third parties programmers to create alternative camera apps, as it is the case of Turbo Camera or ProShot, which make the most of the camera features, although they reduce the operating simplicity of the original application.

Lenses A Lens Application, or simply Lens, is an application that accesses the camera viewfinder and uses it as its main feature. These applications can offer further uses of the camera, using it as a source for taking pictures or as an information entry, such as a bar-code reader. The concept of the Lenses is based on the idea that they function as a camera lens that modifies the image when placed in front of it. This is why Microsoft does not refer to them as applications, but rather as applications that support the use of Lenses. All Lens can be directly activated from the Lens Piker, that functions as a menu for the Lenses installed in the phone. This way, when an application is activated from this menu, it should be opened in the application's section where the camera viewfinder is active, that is, it should activate the application's Lens. This does not mean that the application cannot have other uses or completely different sections, but it is important that, when a user accesses an application from the Lens he can have access to the camera viewfinder. The Lens Piker is directly accessible from the camera application in such a way that, when the camera is activated, it is easy to switch to a Lens. In a way, and continuing with the comparison, it would be like changing the camera lens. This way, the user that decides to access the application when the camera viewfinder is turned on will be able to go back to the viewfinder after only two clicks on the screen, but this time visualizing (it) through the Lens he has chosen (figure 5).

20

Figure 5: Example of the functioning of a Lens from the Microsoft applications development webpage.

In order to be considered as a Lens, and thus appear in the Lens Piker, an application must be registered as Camera_Capture_App. This extension allows the operating system to know that the application will be opened in the camera viewfinder when activated from the Lens Piker. Lens Piker is therefor an interesting platform to launch all those applications that have viewfinder as its main feature. However, a proper programming is important in order to make sure the user will access the viewer when he activates the Lens. This was the most common programming mistake in the entire Lens apps used for this study, although throughout the four months this work was carried out they were most of them solved. One of the aspects where Lens user experience could probably be improved would be allowing accessing the Lens Picker as if it were an application or allowing the creation of a Tile for the home screen. There are some users that, despite the camera button being the fastest access to the camera application, and thus to the lens Picker, use the apps menu or the home screen Tiles. By allowing the creation of a Tile with direct access to Lens Picker, the user would be offered a quick access to his favourite Lens by just tapping the screen twice.

Rich Media There are other applications that can use the possibilities of Windows Phone 8 camera features. These are called Rich Media App.

21

According to Microsoft’s own definition, a Rich Media App adds the data from the local folder or the online folder in order to enjoy a unique experience by displaying or editing the images which it has captured. An example could be an application which takes a series of photos with an only shot or applies a specific colour filter in the very instant of shooting. In both cases the application relates the original image stored in the gallery with the information kept in the local folder of the application. Thus, in spite of the limitation of storing only JPG images, more information about the photo can be stored in the application folder. This information can come from the capture or from the internet; and it can refer to a series of photos from which one has been chosen or to the temperature in the moment of the shot or any other information that can be related to the image. The image shown in the gallery is the result of merging one or several original images and a series of parameters and tunings. Both the original images and the tunings are stored in the application folder, allowing its subsequent edition and modification, and, in many cases, returning to the original image. This is possible because the operating system identifies the images stored in the Camera Album, which have been taken with a Rich Media App, and allows accessing directly to the application from just the same image. For this reason, all the photos taken with a Rich Media App have a legend below which show which application they have been taken with and allows to load image in the application from the option Open with which was outlined in previous chapters. This level of integration with the operating system grants the programmers a great deal of freedom in order to design their applications, as they can save in their folder all the information they need for their application and generate a final image based on a great variety of parameters. But at the same time, the resulting image is a fully compatible jpg, which has as many possible uses as any other image in the phone, as they can be shared and edited.

Photo Hub The creation of Photo Hub was probably one of the main innovations of Windows Phone 8 regarding image and it follows a tendency to create areas that gather all the information related to a theme in a single application. Something similar had been created in other operating systems, like Android or IOS, with the information concerning our contacts.

22

PhotoHub seeks to import this idea to the field of image and become the starting point for any action to be carried out involving the images in the phone, regardless of the fact that they were taken with the phone, stored in SkyDrive or even photos which any of the user’s contacts has published on his Facebook wall. For this purpose, PhotoHub manages the images as if they were a database, by using as entry means both information obtained from the image metadata and tags created by the user. Thus, images can be shown in different ways, but using only one image gallery. By including in the same space the images obtained from the gallery, which are saved in the phone memory, and the images brought in from online services like Facebook or Twitter, it becomes much easier to watch the pictures that the user’s contacts are sharing on the net. Following this trend of integration with the operating system, a copy of all the photos taken with the camera can be automatically uploaded to SkyDrive. In this way, a folder called Camera roll is created in the SkyDrive user’s account, which contains all the photos that have been taken with any Windows Phone which are configured in the same account. Although this automatic copy system involves numerous advantages from the point of view of convenience and security, it generates a duplicity problem in PhotoHub. As SkyDrive is one of the services that synchronize with PhotoHub, the folders included in the folder Photos, created by default in the root of the cloud service, will appear in the phone as albums. This way the Camera roll album that is created in the phone includes nearly the same contents as the camera album. Also, there are two albums called Saved images, one with images of the gallery and another with the same images of SkyDrive. This duplicity can also happen again if many of the photos taken with the camera are shared in Facebook, since every gallery created on the net will appear as an album in the phone. (Figure 6) This problem is related to one of the most important deficiencies that Photo Hub probably has: it cannot edit albums. There are four preset albums, which store their information in the telephone: Camera Album, images, 8 and save images. The only possible action which can be taken with the albums is delete them together with their contents. Nothing can be done to them. They cannot be renamed, no new ones can be created and no photos can be taken from one to another. The exception is the Camera Album, which stores automatically the images taken with the camera and it cannot be deleted. This leads to a situation in which we have an album 8, with eight photos preloaded by Microsoft, which cannot be used.

23

Figure 6: Example of duplicate images in Saved Pictures albums and Camera Roll and their backups on SkyDrive.

Having the option to create and rename albums, as well as changing photos from one album to another, it would be much more convenient. In the same way it would be more useful to choose whether to see all the albums in Facebook and Skydrive or not; in the same way the user can choose which contacts will appear in the People section. In the People section there is the option of creating a gallery with the Facebook images of one of the contacts, concentrating in the same album all the images this person shares. This feature means an improvement in the usability compared to Facebook’s official app or the native app for social networks, where it is impossible to create a direct access to the images of a particular contact. On the other hand, the possibility of pinning this galleries with a Tile in the start screen, allows an even more comfortable access to these images. This integration with online services becomes less effective when following the updates of the social networks from the What’s New section. Although it brings together all the updates that contain images, this service does not offer any advantages over any other applications that concentrate all the updates from the same nets, including those which do not contain images. If the purpose of an application with these characteristics is showing at the same time all that happens in the social nets to which the user is subscribed, leaving out part of these updates does not offer any extra benefits. If in the What’s New screen the user could navigate full-screen from an image to another, arranging them chronologically by publication order, and work as a normal album, then it would certainly have an advantage, because it would provide a 100% visual experience, which would be different from the ones already offered by other social network services.

24

As for the application window, its usefulness concerning navigation is related to the fact that Photo Hub has a Tile in the Start Screen, which is actually provided a default option. This way the user who wants to access a camera application will only need two or three taps on the screen and will be spared the job of looking for the wanted application in the application menu. Therefore, it is important for the programmer to make sure to include the extension Photos_Extra_Hub to ensure the application is present in this section.

Editing Users can access a certain degree of edition from every image. The operating system offers a tool called Crop, rotate, auto-fix, which allows, as its name shows, to cut the image, change its orientation and correct its exposure with some automatic adjustments which can correct its exposure, brightness and contrast values. The main problem of this edition tool is that all the changes made to the image cannot be undone once they have been saved. In contrast to a Rich Media App, this application works on the jpg image stored in the gallery and overwrites all the adjustments made in the same file, destroying the original. This is probably the main design defect in Windows Phone 8 image management, since it involves the destruction of the original during the editing process. As it is set out, the user does not have the chance to edit a photograph if he wants to save the original. Even more serious, a user that is not aware of this issue will lose the original image without any chance of recovery. In the same way as, before deleting an image, the user is required to confirm if he wants to delete it, he should be asked if he wants to overwrite the changes when editing and should be informed that this action can not be undone. Anyway, the safest way would be saving the edited image as a copy of the original, modifying its name and adding it to a different album. A different option would be adding the image to the 'Saved Images' album. In any case, moving images from an album to another or even choosing where to save edited images within the operating system should be possible if there where a good album management. If we edit an image that has been captured with a Rich Media App, what we are really doing is editing the resulting jpg image. However, it still keeps the original link to the information of the application local folder in such a way that we can continue to open it in the Rich Media App and vary its editing without the modifications made a posteriori taking effect. In this case, any changes made to the jpg image

25

stored in the system's image gallery will be lost and we will go back to the Rich Media App resulting image. This is yet another example of the inadequacy of overwriting images. Nevertheless, Windows Phone 8 offers other alternatives to image editing, letting third party applications access the Edit Menu through the extension Photos_Extra_Image_Editor. This way, those applications that offer the possibility to edit images will be directly accessible from any image of the gallery. To achieve this, this applications must be directly opened with the image already loaded and ready to be edited. When editing an image with an external editor, both image management and adjustment will rely on the application. The same will happen with image saving. None of the third-party applications used for this study overwrites the original image. However, not all the images can be edited with applications through the Edit Menu. In some of them, when accessing the Edit option in the photo Menu, it directly leads us to the cut, turn and repair tool, without offering the possibility to choose between other applications, as it happens with most of the images. This happened, during the tests carried out for this study, with those images created by the application Cinemagraph and the telephone screenshots. Nevertheless, if we access an application with editing capabilities and load one of these images, we will be able to edit it without any problems. There has been only one case where this was not possible throughout this study. It was with the application Creative Studio, which shows the message “Image file format not supported” when we try to load some of the previous images. Something similar has happened with the application Lazylens which, when trying to open one of these images, loaded instead a full grey image. It was not possible to conclude what is the reason for this lack of compatibility after analysing the images and the characteristics of these files. Increasing the format compatibility requirements or standardizing more the formats used in the gallery should improve these compatibility problems. Another point to note is that, from the eight applications with editing capabilities we have tested, only two take advantage of the option of accessing from the “Edit” menu.

Share Taking into account the increasing importance of images in social networks and in interpersonal communications in general nowadays, it is normal that Windows Phone 8 offers a wide range of photo sharing options.

26

Windows Phone 8 directly synchronizes with a series of email and social network accounts. This way, the accounts information is available from any point of the operating system and, in some cases, from third-party applications, in such a way that it is possible to send an image from the photo gallery through any of the accounts that are synchronized. This is made via the Share section, which is accessible from the menu of any photo. In case we want to send an image via email, we can choose which email account we would like to use from those that are synchronized. These appear separately with the name chosen when they were set up. The option of inserting an image in an MMS is also offered from this menu, although this option is falling into disuse due to the existence of new free applications like Whatsapp, that are replacing it. In addition to the MMS and email options, there is also the possibility to share an image from this section by using the Tap+Send system, that allows you to send an image to another telephone using NFC to sync both telephones and Bluetooth for data transmission. However, the most common means of sharing are social networks. There are two possible ways to access the different social networks; directly from the operating system or via a third-party application. Windows Phone allows you to synchronize Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Sina Weibo accounts. This way, it is not necessary to enter the data of each account again. This system is available for any kind if image stored in the photo gallery and it is accessible from the Share submenu located in the photo menu. When choosing one of these social networks, the user can include a caption with the picture and, in the case of Facebook, he can also tag any of his contacts. Since it is integrated within the operating system, this operation is simple and can be carried out from the same point, without the need to open other applications. This implies an improvement both in user convenience and resource savings for the system. However, most of the applications do not use this system. Actually, from all the applications used during this study, only one allows to access the Share menu from the application itself. In the rest, the application itself manages each social network API, requiring the user to sign up for each of the networks he wants to use in each application. In this case, we can see how developers are wasting a good feature of the operating system, by reducing de comfort and effectiveness of the application. It must be remarked, however, that even though the information regarding the rest of the

27

aspects of the programming is abundant and quite clear in the official site of Windows Phone, the one concerning this possibility is scarce and difficult to find. Anyway, apart from the systems and services mentioned before, Windows Phone offers the possibility that applications appear as ways of sharing (the) images. This way the applications which have the extension Photos Extra Share can appear in the menu Share together with the possibilities described above. That way, a door opens for the applications which use their own channels, like Istdagram, Fotoroom o Instawithlove, or those which, using the same social nets, use edition procedures with meant to share images. This option is not only used by strictly photographic applications, as other applications that use images only in exceptional cases, can use this channel so that the users upload the images. This feature is not only used by strictly photographic applications, as other applications that use photos occasionally can use this channel to offer the users the option of loading the images. Services like Evernote or One Note allow adding images as notes and applications like BoxFiles allows uploading an image straight to DropBox. Many applications used in this study still use in their programming the extension Photos_Extra_Wiewer, which makes them accessible from the photo menu in the Applications area. This extension is a characteristic of the 7.X versions of Windows Phone, and it is only present in this version of Windows Phone 8 as a provisional feature. Microsoft has already stated that this extension will not be present in future updates. The fact that many applications are only accessible from this point indicates a poor development of the applications in relation to the possibilities of the operating system. In many cases the applications are missing chances to improve the user's experience and, at the same time, increase its use rate and relevance because they are not taking advantage of the coding offered by Microsoft. A good example is Tumblr application, which does not use any of the possibilities, and which would have a much better accessibility if it appeared in the share menu or in the Photo Hub. The same happens with Istdagram.

28

CONCLUSIONS

1. The configuration menu of the camera options must be improved in order to facilitate access to the settings as happened with phones such as the Nokia 808 PureView.

2. A Tile with direct access to Lens Picker added to the home screen would facilitate access and use of the Lenses.

3. Rich Media App provides the opportunity to create applications to help you get the most out of images. This could include image RAW captures and an image development system without demosaicing.

4. The impossibility to create new albums, modify their names and exchange photos between them limits the ability to organize images.

5. PhotoHub should provide a selective display of those albums and folders synchronized with Facebook and SkyDrive.

6. The image editing application should not overwrite the original images. It should offer options such as “save as”, “save automatically with a different name” or “ save in another album”, making it sure that the user will not lose the original image.

7. Microsoft should encourage developers to use the access to the accounts the operating system is synchronized with, avoiding this way the need to access the social network profiles for each application.

8. PhotoHub should integrate Twitter images the same way it does it with those from Facebook.

9. Windows Phone 8 is a platform that offers many possibilities and useful tools concerning photography. However, there is the need to get apps developers more involved in order to exploit the full potential of the operating system

29

REFERENCES

-‐ ADOBE (2013) 2013 Digital Publishing Report: Retail Apps & Buying Habits. -‐ AHONEN, Tomi (2011) “Main Trends in the Telecommunications Market

(Keynote Address)” MoMo Mobile Monday Kiev 21 March 2011. -‐ AHONEN, Tomi (2013) “Tomi Ahonen Almanac 2012” Tomi Ahonen

Consulting. -‐ ALAKARHU, Juha (2013) Comunicación personal. -‐ ALAKARHU, Juha; DINNING, Damian; SALMELIN, Eero. (2012) “Nokia PureView

imaging technology” Nokia. -‐ ALEXA (2013) “Alexa Top Sites by Country

“http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/CN (visitada 21/05/2013) -‐ BEECHINOR-COLLING, Jamens (2009) “History of Nokia part one: Nokia firsts”

http://conversations.nokia.com/2009/01/19/history-of-nokia-part-one-nokia-firsts/

-‐ CHIEN-HSIUNG, Chen; YU-HUNG, Chien (2007) “Effects of RSVP Display Design on Visual Performance in Accomplishing Dual Tasks with Small Screens” International Journal of Design Vol.1 No.1

-‐ DRACHTIDIS, Konstantinos (2013) "User Interface: Windows 8 Style" UX Magazine http://uxmag.com/articles/user-interface-windows-8-style

-‐ FRAGA, Andrés (2012) “La tecnología PureView en el entorno profesional”. CITM Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.

-‐ INTERNATIONAL DATA CORPORATION (2013) “Press Release - Android and iOS Combine for 91.1% of the Worldwide Smartphone OS Market in 4Q12 and 87.6% for the Year, According to IDC 14 Feb 2013” http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS23946013#.UTCOPjd4DlY

-‐ KNIGHT, Vaughan (2013) “Camera and Lenses - Photo extensibility for Windows Phone”, Nokia Developers Technical Sessions: Windows Phone 8, Mobile World Congress Barcelona, 2013.

-‐ KNIGHT, Vaughan (2013) Comunicación personal. -‐ LEMIEUX, Berthier (2012) “Create stunning imaging apps for Lumia phones”

Lumian App Labs, Nokia Developers. -‐ MICROSOFT (2012) “App Development for Modern UI MODULE 1:

COMPONENTS OF HTML5 AND CSS3”. -‐ MICROSOFT (2012) “Design Templates for Windows Phone 8”. -‐ MICROSOFT (2012) “Sample Template for Information Architecture”. -‐ MICROSOFT (2013) “Windows Phone Dev Center”.

https://dev.windowsphone.com/en-us/develop?logged_in=1 (visitada 11/05/2013)

30

-‐ MOBITHINKING (2013) “Global mobile statistics 2013” http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a#smartphoneos

-‐ MURPHY, Samantha (2012) “Meet the Man Behind the Very First Camera Phone” Mashable. http://mashable.com/2012/03/06/philippe-kahn-camera-phone/

-‐ NOKIA (2012) “PureView Technology”. -‐ NOKIA (2013) “Advance Photo Capturing”.

http://www.developer.nokia.com/Resources/Library/Lumia/#!advanced-photo-capturing.html (visitada 25/05/2013)

-‐ PIXDROP (2009) “The History of Picture Messaging”. http://www.pixdrop.com/articles/the-history-of-mms-picture-messaging.php

-‐ PONDER, George (2012) "Understanding your Windows Phone Camera" Windows Phone Central http://www.wpcentral.com/understanding-your-windows-phone-camera (visitada 25/05/2013)

-‐ YOON, JungKyoon; DESMET, Pieter; VAN DER HELM, Aadjan (2012) “Design for Interest: Exploratory Study on a Distinct Positive Emotion in Human-Product Interaction” International Journal of Design Vol.6 No.2

31

ANNEXES

tiles home screen

Photo Hub menuphysical

camera button

albums

photo

share…

Lens Picker

edit…

delete

add to/remove from favourites

set as lock screen

save to SkyDrive

apps

Integration Of Photography On Windows Phone 8 Platform

Scenes

ISO

Auto (default)Close-upNightNight PortraitSportsBacklight

Auto (default)100200400800

Photo settings

Exposure Value21 2/31 1/312/31/30 (default)-1/3-2/3-1-1 1/3-1 2/3-2

White BalanceAutomatic (default)CloudyDaylightFluorescentIncandescent

Aspect Ratio16:9 (default)4:3

Focus Assist LightIn (default)Off

Video settings

photo menu

camera app

CAMERABLOCK

START

ALBUM BLOCK

other apps

Lense apps

Photo HubNavigation diagram

Photo Extensions

* The photo apps picker will be deprecated in a future release. New Windows Phone 8 photo editing apps should extend the photo edit picker instead.

Extension point Extension name URI keywords

Photos Hub Photos_Extra_Hub

Share picker Photos_Extra_Share ShareContent, FileId

Rich media app Photos_Rich_Media_Edit RichMediaEdit, token

Photo edit picker Photos_Extra_Image_Editor EditPhotoContent,

FileId

Photo apps picker* Photos_Extra_Viewer

token

Use of the Photo Extensions

PHOTO APPS Photos Hub

Share picker

Rich media app

Photo edit picker

Lenses apps*

#2InstaWithLove X X X Burton X X Ciel X X X Disparo inteligente: X X Creative Studio X X X Face Lens X X X X X Fotoroom X X X X X Flickr X X Foto Info Cinemagraph X X X Itsdagram Lazylens X X X Lomogram X X Panorámica X X PhotoBeamer X PhotoFunia X X Photosynth X X Phototastic Free X Pication X X X Pictures Info X X Pictures Lab X X X X X X Postcard on the Run X X X ProShot X Smartest Erases X X SophieLens for Nokia X X Tumblr Thumba Photo Editor X X X

OTHER APPS Photos Hub

Share picker

Rich media app

Photo edit picker

Lenses apps*

BoxFiles for Dropbox X Evernote X OneNote X Bing Vision X Traductor X

SOCIAL NETWORKS Photos Hub

Share picker

Rich media app

Photo edit picker

Lenses apps*

Facebook X LinkedIn X Twitter X Whatsapp X

INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON WINDOWS PHONE 8 PLATFORM

Documents

Transcript of INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON WINDOWS PHONE 8 PLATFORM