introduction to digital photography

basics of

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Digital photographyFahad Golra, discussing the fundamental concepts of photography

basics ofdigital photography

introduction

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Welcome !!!

workshopprogram Photography

Gear: The Camera

Fundamentals

Photography Gear: The Lens

Exposure

Light

Editing

FocusComposition

Practical Session

Practical Session

Exposition

introduction

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• France, 1826

• Photograph by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, 1826

• Exposing a bitumen- coated plate in a camera obscura

World’s firstphotograph

Image Source: National Geographic

Introduction

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Photography Gear:The Camera

humanvision

Image Source: https://humaneyeproject.files.wordpress.com

gear: the camera

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imageformation

Image Source: https://voer.edu.vn Image Source: Jennifer Rexford, Princeton University

gear: the camera

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imageformation

Images Source: Jennifer Rexford, Princeton University

Digital Image

gear: the camera

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• The most important difference between these cameras is not the Megapixels, it is the

Sensor Size

Digitalsensors

Full Frame

gear: the camera

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APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”

Digitalsensors

Full Frame

gear: the camera

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APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”

BiggerSensor Bigger pixels Morepixels !!!Better Imaging

SmallerSensor Smaller

camera Less moneyBettermanoeuvrability

Digitalsensors

Full Frame APS APS-C Four-thirds CX 1/3”

36 x 24mm 24 x 16mm 22 x 15mm 17 x 13mm 13 x 9mm 5 x 4mm

36 % 24 =1.5

1.0X 1.5X 1.6X 2X 3X 7X

35mm

gear: the camera

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Digitalsensors


gear: the camera

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Digitalsensors



43 mm

gear: the camera

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28 mm 27 mm 22 mm 16 mm 6 mm

Digitalsensors



43 mm

gear: the camera

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28 mm 27 mmSensor size x 1 = Normal LensSensor size % 2 = Landscape Lens Sensor size x 2 = Portrait Lens

22 mm 16 mm 6 mm

Sensor size x 4 = Sports LensSensor size x 8 = Wildlife Lens

Digitalsensors

Full Frame

43 mm

APS

28 mm

APS-C

27 mm

Four-thirds

22 mm

CX

16 mm

1/3”

6 mm

gear: the camera

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Canon Nikon (FX) Sony Leica

Panasonic Olympus

Canon(DX)Nikon (DX) Pentax FujiSony Samsung

FOCUSing points

Nikon D4s (FX)

gear: the camera

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Nikon D7100 (DX)

• Cover the image area

•

•

Mostly in the centre of FramePrecision through center

what is a pixel?

Picture Element =PixelPixel = Light SensitiveCell

Light

Sensor

Pixelsgear: the camera

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what is a pixel?

6000 pixels

gear: the camera

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4000 pixels24Megapixel Sensor

What mattersis QuantitySize Quality

PIxel quantity 2 x 2 = 4

gear: the camera

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3 x 3 = 9

Pixel count increase (4 to 9) = 125%Resolution increase(2 to 3)= 50%

PIxelsize

Nikon D810

36 Megapixles

43mm

4.88 µm

gear: the camera

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Nokia Lumia 1020

41 Megapixles

11mm

1.12 µm

what toget?

Full Frame APS-C CX

Nikon D4s16.1 MP 1,180g 4,100EUR

Nikon D710024.1MP 675g 900EUR

Nikon V318.1MP 324g 700EURgear: the

camera27/01/14

What to getdx or fx?

500 f/43,880g15.4 inches

7,200 euros

300 x1.5 = 450

gear: the camera

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FX DX

300 f/41,440g8.8 inches

1,050 euros

Fundamentals of Photography

its about light !

Exposure is the totalamount of light allowed to fall on the film/image sensor

fundamentals of photography

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Photography is based on light

Exposureover or under?

•


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•

•

Too much light creates an over bright imageLot of white spotsParts of image Over-Exposed

•

•

•

Too little light creates an under bright imageLot of black spotsParts of image Under-Exposed

pinholecamera

Size of hole and duration of opening determines the amount of allowed light


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• Mainly two things let us control the exposure

controllingexposure

Aperture…

… andShutter Speed


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• (Size of) hole or opening where light enters

• Aperture is normally measured in f-stop numbers

• Higher the f-stop, lower the aperture (and vice versa)

What isAperture?


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Aperture for exposureLow f-stop = High aperture = Large hole = More light = Higher Exposure

High f-stop = Low aperture = Small hole = Less light = Lower Exposure


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2216118

5.64.02.82.01.4

Focused Background*

Blur Background*

Aperture for dof?

Less Light

More Light

*We will studythe Depth of Field (DOF) in the next session


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aperture forDOF

2216118

5.64.02.82.01.4

Short Title of presentation

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what is

• Length of time the camera’s shutter is open

• Longer times lead to more light

• Shorter times lead to less light

shutter speed?

Image Source: www.shortcourses.com


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http://www.shortcourses.com/

shutter speed forMotion

Faster speed = Short Shutter = Less Light


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Slower speed = Long Shutter = More Light

Motion Freeze Motion Blur

Image Source: picturethisshuttershooters.files.wordpress.com/

shutter speed formotion

80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

Freeze Motion

Motion Blur

One stop

1/4 seconds

4 seconds

1 second


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shutter speed formotion 8000

4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”


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4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilouque/6169402770/


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http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilouque/6169402770/


4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”


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4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

https://www.flickr.com/photos/tyler_hayward/6810525681/


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http://www.flickr.com/photos/tyler_hayward/6810525681/


4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”


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4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

Photo: Owais ur Rehman Shah


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4000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

https://www.flickr.com/photos/dstylezs/4425413727/


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http://www.flickr.com/photos/dstylezs/4425413727/

What is iso?

Measure of the sensitivity of digital imaging

systems

3250

100200400800

1,6003,2006,400

12,80025,60051,200

102,400

Optimal Image Quality

High Sensitivity

One stop


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what isiso?


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ISO forlow light

3250

100200400800

1,6003,2006,400

12,80025,60051,200


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Try different apertures, shutter speeds

& ISO values till next session


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Thanks ;)

introduction to digital photography

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