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F kuuEarJ,l crl4ll
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iRAN-NAME - Armenianxientific Monthly Joumal(hanian & Oriental Studies,History of Culture, Politics, etc.)
Editor:Prof,, Dr. Sc.CARNIK ASATRIAN
Address of the Editorial Board:Kasian 6,375033 Yerevan,Republic ol Armenia
lRr (8852) 27-69-73" iaaszi 27-6s-74Fax: (8852) 26.29-80
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c;ur1 gbqhrg u0t[surOqnr'pJur0 qlr p04rbglrO: l,nt10pr[urQru0lr0 dbn0ur\{hgUnunrtlr 6{u6ntilP: U3uunpbq. hurr\ t ru{b1tug0h1,nr Ununrfr 6{ur6rlur0 surrb-
plr{p bru usnrlq 1t: Ornc
\urrblrf0br \ur0, nr ur10
0r{ur6{b1 t hP2rf 20 P.(640 p.) O'rPPur P[r0 $ur'qua[r \nqtlttgr U0nrncnt'p1nr0 \ru Otubr ur10 hur-gnril, pb tururP n'r qnrur-rlurr0 t 0{urdb1 UnunrlP:h02ttt, urrurpur[ur0 qnrfgSlrqrfrulr hr\nt u$hrn{currd{bg 4bq[r hlntuftu bt0r[ur6bg !b0{hh br\nt ud-rng0brg: artu0g hur2nr4bgrtrurqlr fr4ur\ur6 crgurG0br[tqrur{ntdp:
lunublnr[ rururP qnrurh'rurf ur0ursur O'tPPru P[0$urr\ur4[r nurqdur\uO ]tu'r{rulnttl6hrfr rlurufr0, lrP0ur1-$u\lrhg P04qlntd t, nr0ur dhn0urr\bg l.Inuntlltfurrqfr qurrlnrPrugntrlg bt lt-rur\ur0urgrhg ur.;0sb4 turur-pru\ru0 gb4hrfr r{brtuP0ur\b-gnLdp: Lch0f, nr Odurdt[ur]
Utuuru0lu0 crgru0f Lltudnrrg
qnhugnrglrl 1tr Uurruru-su0[r 1bn0ru1[r0 cr9ur00h'rnrtl: Ulu hur6qullur0fgrqhsf t purgursrbl n1 dltul0urcfuurrhurqrr.u\ur6 ad{ur[0n1ur1$ur00hrn{, ur11bt P0ut\-2mpjur0 \ursur4fr 4!ilu4rnt-plrufp: Uu ru10 surrurbf0tr, nrg ruruPu\ul0 ur4-plnrr0hrnrrl hurlsOlt t "Qh-Fu[" (Lhn0br) ur0m6n{ brqfuur{nrurrqbu P0tu\hg {urdtr lrrurfiu4hqnr fn1{nr0hrnt[:hnu0ut-frrurfl urO 1bn0u4lt0urju uurhrlu0urqns[r0brnrtl637 p. 0\urs{bg nuqtlur-\ur0 durriur0ur\ut{nr rlur-
4urr: arur0 qnrqurhbn Pntn0{hrhlfn{ 4hqfbrP qurrqru-0mrl tlr0 .Lhrlr0 Uf2uqbs-fntrl hr- ur;1nrr: 637 P. {br-ghrlr0 br 638 P. u.uurP6hrg
u\ubgh0 [unrur0u1 lumqfiu-su0nrrl 4hr4[r \urhmr hr\nrurdrng0brg' Uur0urqlrrP btlrurhrbpfrp: USushq ntdh44fulur4rntplnrO u\uhg gru;gsurl lrrtu0ur\ur0 urcPuuhur'qnrp' l.Iuuqnrnlur0 {nrdnqur-Ofr q$uu{nrnrplurilP: Urur-ptu\ur0 qnrflr cncur{rb1[t
nr 0rlurdhln{ Um[ ru1-Uh-
r[urqgi urdrurgur{ funtqfu-surO[r lbn0hrntd tl[t02btOmupur (Cmcpur): U10m-hbsht rlurhtlh4tu\u0 qnrf0u[ubg hbsurrq04hl (nrrlnqur-0[r0 bt uru uslrnllurb huc-snrplnr0 fu0qrhg, nr0 P0-
4nrOr{hg urrtup0hrlr \nndltgf[r fur0[r crgu00brlr' Untult(Cntc), Qnr04lr-UuPntrft(<Lnr04[r-Cuqnrr) hr ur11ng
qrun[du0 qulr!u0nt[: {urc-snrplur0 nlurlrlur0urqrn{ u-rurp0hrp hru r4urrsur{nr{b- '
9lr0 {nrrlnqur0}r0 oq0h1'
"Surru[r fr4trfr urrcur{0brf>4hnlfntd:
Ururp0brlr unug[uurqur'gnrdp \ru0Pb1nt 0qursur-l1n{ Curh0curh {urq\brs br-rnr4p nrnchg lrnr 6u\ursur-durrs surl: arur hurlurr dn'qn{r4ur\ur0 qur0q{tu}0br[0l1n2 urrhg h10b1 bt hs tlt1b1
rurup 0r{rudn40hrlr0: hrur-0ur!ur0 0tuhur0qOhr[g ilhbmdbr \ntsur\{hg[0 tlururu-sur0fr \h0srn0ntd' Lbhur-r{h04ntrl: U1u dur[ursurilur-sp Utuuur0lu0 urrfnr0frfft
FnULLuur-1
Lwr4wfr lluQtufilufr
Ctlrric sar-r-trtrl-f(UQrluttrtrtzr-)
2ur00lirnril liru:alu!frusurOnrrl rlrurcsnr 00l,rfr p0ur-
\hgrlur0 surnu0f0lirp 6qrlnrf 1,0 l,r\rfhlnrulru-rurlltrlffg' {[04nr!nrcnrd qs0-
{nq U{urs}rg, Aurgu{rfg, ?[sru1Jtgu\uur0 illr01ll Fulnr2lrusur0 0urhru0q[hlnrulru-urrbrl,ptu0 dnp cr2urfi 1:
Ul4rqfun{ qurlllrusurfiurp0u! {tuc-snr00l,rg qpurqtig0nrf ti0 qfluurtlnrur-rqtiu tirlpf Unrpur [Iurrhurryl 0uhur0qp(Uurhrlur0urllr0 fiurhu0q. rlrurcsnr0 urq-qur;0ur\ur00Lr0 url{i ln1nnl [r0 tDurc-
snr0frusur0)' iDbcurrlurr lL0srn0nrl huO-
4Lrd tit trur1nr1]rusur0 0uhur0qf hlnr-uftu-urrllLlf Jl{tissur Lr <Dltc}{i fu4urf-0brnrl' hurnu{nril huru0bln{ illr0ltitaurrur rlurqft fuur0 furlufp; Ourcsm0-0lirlt r4ursilurlur0 trr ilcur!ntpurjf0l1ti0srn00tir0 [i0 huulurnlnt.rl 8ur1ur1ur-pur4p tl trur04urhturp (6nr hr (inrur-qnr.y0 crgu0nrd 0urbr J2urpnrp) Ufr-4ru0usur0nrrI l,t Otrcur{urn' {lurllrusur-0nrrl:
.{.t r2lt0 s{;ru10Lr}r hurilurdur.;0,tlru.rcsnr00tirlr p0qhur0nrr pf{p ur0g-0nril t 23 rllr$n0hg, nrlg 14 rllr$n0pQulI 60 D p(iru!{nril t chu\fusu0nrf,[ru\ 9 rI10. tl$4ur0usurOnt$: IrrL0gp0rulntp;ur0 cr2ur00Lr[t ql,rurQcfn fur-unrf {turcsnt00l,rp \urqfntil t,0 qrl,pl,rifrusurrr qru0q{rtrD' rluru0ru{nrurr4t u
Ulrqur0usur0[r hurrurLl-urrtir lrgur0 rlr urc -
snr0rup0ur\ qnsntrl Orur0f \urqfnrf 1,0
p0ur\1nrp;u0 99 %-p, lru\ alur\lru"ur-0nril' [rl,0g p{iu\up;ur0 hlrrlfiur\u0qnsntrl 90 %-p Gu:1nt[tusur0f J2{issur-<Irfrcffi1ur0 cr2rufinrrl 60 %-g):
tDuu;csnt00hrfi }uqrl:'lp. Ol,' ur$r1ur0l,r pL r[urcsmO ({ur[usnO ur0{ur0nrrl-0l,r! rllirg0ur\ur0 tir dcqrfrs /ruqnrrl0ur-pru0mp1nr00 ur0hurls t: olurrq lt 0rull,ph ur;u ur0rlur0nril0Lrrfg nrp qtisf I. ur-tlbfr hlr0 hurilurlil: I'l0g;ur1 4urrntrlI-uruuh0p ll 'Inr0p \uq l.fr0 sbu0ntrl(brn4nsnulr hlcursut\ruO rqtu\slntutglt-0br[r (1us. su.rntu4urr6funlp pachtycs)ll rlrucsnr00brf u0rluO tlft2tt, ltul1ur$qur0ur\ufi ur$rh4lt lurl ut{rlq}tgl,quro{ur0du0 rurrlursp r[0srnrd 0nt;0hbnlt0urqh "alursilnrpJur0> dlip hur0qlr-rrlnq urr[rurJnrr6hr[ (1urs. surnrurlurrd-ilurrlp aparytac) u0t[ur0 rilip: tlurrfrlurr-slr urnu2 furcru0 sl,uut\l,s[t hurrlu-dru10, rfrurcsnt0 urOmOp rqtisf t. hur0-qtg0lrl rilsqnrltinu[r hfcursullur0 qur-uynrt s0l,rlr0 (1us. surnur4rurdrlurrlpparsyitae): Unur{1,1 {turusurr\{urd I.
0cur0ullnr urrlitlilurqtis Unrqb0usLrr0ftsLuur\tisp, nrlr hurrludur;0, t[urcsntOpurnp Durqnul t hlr0 lrru0urllur0 parsw-ana dbrlrg Lr rllirgf0- hu-rc{n{ hru0qntilparsu < dur.;r, Dur.;rulluru> tunluslrO:
U$t1ut0 ur0r[ur0nrilp h04f\ q[s0ur-\urO0lirp (rluru0ur{nrurqliu <I\q{h4ur-1lt> h[dur0 rlrur) lurqnril b0 apagaur0rlru0 hhs, nrp h ntiq r4urq 1t urc-
luurrhurqrur\ur0, ph tp0ft\ur\ur0 ur0nrO
t: {04\u\ur0 urusrlurqfrsur\ru0 <trrlr-hu.rs-rnurlhlrsur> tir\mrl (VI 4J r4uthlw-tlughhhr (pahlavd, fiAugfiAhfir kinil,m1fisru\ hndhrh (gvctahuna) hl,s rllru-ulr0 hlrcursur\{ntf t hur{u0urpurr0url,r ur$r1ur0 ur0nr0g ullruqut0ru(avagana) 6hn{: Ult tfmfr mc {jnrti03;u0qf g0urrh0 {urfruqrntplur0 tlbghlrcursurltlntil t a-bua-gian (tuj1 surnur-
4urrdrlurrlp a-po-kien, a-po-kan) ghqp,nr1 sbqurpurclu{u} tr Otir\ur.y}ru Unt-f;1ftufi1uO thn0hr[ cr2ur0nrrl ($u-rc-sm00lirf p0ur\hgrlu0 Ourlu0ur\ur0 sur-nu0fntrl):
Onlntr0hrf hr {rurcurlf0l,rf lnr1illrgrlnucsm00brlr0 srrlnrl furc ffgulD u0-tlu0nril0hrfi dli2 Unrqb0uslir0f \urOf-fn{ qlisf t sliuObl u$qtuOur\u0 turultftiq. fuuur;) gb4]r u0rlur0ntrlp Lr [rurlUnrllilrIur0;ur0 ltin 0tir[ ur$rlur0tirh 0({rurcsn) u0tlur0ilurO' Qp) €uruh tuu,ru0qrurryurrdp: {turlur0rulpr0 l. huulurr-rlnrf 0ulit rllirnhfc;ur1 u0{ul0 \urqpfmcur8 l.p0lr!u!ur0 ur0{ur0ilur0 hlis:fdtirtiru \urrlrftr t r]rurcsnrfiu\ur0 uultr-0urrItiD gli4uril[urrlnrilur0 urp4urft(urldrI' 4ntnu0lt) ru0nr0p plulig0lrlhh{rpur4Ohr ur0{ur0nrilfg: U1u urnnr-rln{ nrcurqrur{ t p{mil 0nrr[usur0g[r-0hrf (0urlu\[r0 fur$fr0brh) \nqrltrg$urcsnr00lirf0 hr p04hr4Orurqbu iluh-rlb4ur\u00hrlr0 sr{nq ulqlq. ur0{ur-0nrrIp:
Ulunrhur04brd, urnur2ur\{tu} Furq-ilurp[{ stiuutlbs0lirfg tit rlurlur00lirfgl,r n1 ill,\1 qfsur\ur0nrliO rllir20ur\u-0urqliu uqurgntg{urd tit urrtlblurqf-snrp.;ur0 rlti2 hurrlp04hur0nrr p04nr0h-
1nrp.;nr0 qsur0 1[r \urbfr hurilurrtil.10ur;urD il[r fu0[ru[r ur{,1 \uul rqur\uruhur{ur0ur\ur0ntp.;ur0p:
Lf[20u4urryu0 urrurprulbqnr rqurs-rlurqrnrp.;ur6 illrg {nucsm00hr[ iluruf0unur2|r0 hfcursut\nrp;m0p t{.. $. tlh-0nru\lrO {r0srnrf t l0-r4 4urr[ rqursrftu-qfr Uruunr4frh "€ltp"'F tup.@tu6plthrlurl-hcnu$" (,<$frf {urf[ br runur2-onr4nrplur0>) tirlntrl: \,ur tuJu qrfnluhur04frrqn4 urylut0 tu0tlur0nrrlp \urr-4nrrl I urpr1urO, urlu]r0f0' urFpt6, ur$-
4u-r0 (urrrupur\ur0 t ht p surnlirg pur-null[r2nrri surrplinlnr.rl t 0 rl[ru;0 \lisl,rfrfur0u\n{): l.Iurum4[0 prlurlti1n{ Aur-
4urlucur0fr nurpuslrg (cr2ur0lrg) u;0\nqil lrr urur hurrur\fg surrurdf0brntilp0ur\tlnr1 <pnrrfbr[r0> (urrurp. u{-ulp-nuf) hfcursur\nrf t ur;410 gbqh quril
E64hu6nr sh4b\nplntEAhr. <lrruc-
snt00Lrp lull urfrqur00trrp lrlr2lr0 Urh-tblff [rur0tu\ur0 dnqnLlnrrrl0brfg 1,0'
Ulrlur0usur0ntil urilL0tutlb0tupltq[, huqalurllfrusu.r0nrd p.ln,l l,rQrnr4p (rfrur0-gupgb0lrrhg htisn): U;u dnrln{r4f hur-frur p04nr0{tud ur$qu0 (urrup. hnqO.utluq[6ut) urO{ru0nnip qnr0ru0nrp3ru0tlb2 t rlsbl urnurt[L1u,rn1Lu sur2lr!0Lrf litryuruf\0lirf ilf2ngn{: rLLnbru tllt0lit19-r4 4urrp rlturcsnr00trp lrrL0f ltrtitiguur\ull 4lin1fl,rnril b0 ur{4ur0 urOrlur-0h1: U0lusfr pnpr gb4urluilpl,r[ \nt1illtgpO4m0rlub |r0f0ur0{ur0nrrip. rfuucsm0,purpurntulfr0 surrplirur\0Lrn{ {tgcsmfi,{rurfusnt6, r[m[usm0 l. ftnqfi. rfrurcsur-09, tltulusu0g); Lnqurrf onlnrr0tirg0rur0g ln2ntil 1,0 furc, |tu\ .{2urtifqntrut-ilf orfnrr0brp ur$qrutiru\urO tluqfrlrghqlr0 su1[ru t {i fpult ur0r{utinuil:<Durcsm00lirp furc uOnrOn{ 1,0 hu1s0f0urt t frrtr0g rll,rdur{nr hurl,rurO r}utcru-
1f fi l,r|0: {0rlutrltur\ur0 dn4n{ntr4fitir}t($u02urpgf0l,r, ulr0r1hglt0l,r, 2ursLr,qm2urrfilir) illr2urluynrd {rurcsnt00t rfO
ln1mri 1,0 nnh[1u4 nnhhlut (purnug[n-rb0,' thnfigp \uril rrluphut0: tll,rllt0urlrurcsnr0 ur0tlur0 h04\ur\ur0urg{ut}dlir 0 t., nr0 1.1 urOgl,1 I. utOq1t,rt,0lt0pathan dtrn{, qltsutlur0 l,r fru4urfur\ur0qrurlur0nrplur0 riti2 hurdurlu qnr0urd-.ltrtn.l rluru0ur{nrt g{ur0 frlurusn{$frur10 rtlurlfrusurfif ({irulu\}0 trrf sut-
Our!ur0 (04\ruusurtilr) rlrurcsnt00l,rfrhur$rur: (Inruurltiqnr qru!u0ntp1ut0ilL2 oqsurqnr0{I,1 l. avgan ur0{ur0ntrlp:\rtir\ur1nr $u hurilurrdl,I ltiluru s0t,rn{qnrorudur\ur0 L0 pL a$raH trr ptinyuTyH ({Lr9[0 cr2ru0ntil uqLthdcqlstlurd) ur0{ur0mil0l,r1: rl-urruru\q-
ph hu{ rlurlnrlnrrl hur0rllrnlmrl tiOf ut{-4ul0, urfi1ur0 dLrrLrf 0;
U$rlur0usru0nrrI rltucsnt00tirg qput-qLg0nril b0 lur30urDurrlurl qnslt, nrgt r!r[r hurull-rurtnl,gurO uuhtJu0fi br[g,{lnr0urrfr hnrlslrg Lr Surlurgupru4lr cr-pur00l,rlrg Q-urq0ur-tru0 qurltrur-Qurrlf 0-
4ru{urr qDn{ dqrlnril t 4t nlh urrtitrlnrsf'hlnru[runtri hruu0tiln{ {l,rurpf crgur0,
full hurrurtlntil' p0qqr\ti1n{ ruflrqru0ut-qur\frusru0;ur0 uuhrlur0urq[Dg' putgut-nnrp.lullp Gbqfusutfift crpu{i}t: tl}-rlur0usur0lr {rurcsnr0urp0ur! qnsf 0
qpurql,g0nnl l. l,ur0qurrhurr, I-urqilur0,Lnqurr, filurfslrur tflurl'sh\ur 0urhut0q0ti-rg, I?nr0urr 0urlrur0qf hurur{p, f02ql,u0utl Qurprrrl, kurti4urhu,rr, {ltltlurtiq,llfrlrnrq 0uhutiq0Lr[ hurur{ut1f0 tithurrur{-rurllLl;ur{i crgur00t'r[: Aurghur.;u, rfrurcsnr00l,r0 urnu0d|0 quOq-
{u,r0filirnrl gr{uO 1,0 Lr!rlr h.;nrrrltrrut-
.;fr0 Lr h;nrulru-urrtnlsyru0 ilf lurfilt cr-
lg FFUfrLurir-llrlrfr) uo{rutinrrll: bpti hurcrlfr urn0h- otucsnt06tir[r urqqru\tuqilnrplur[i hnrcm0glr0tir,^.rlurluurogfr0l'r' lrc\urcftil-
1m [r0b0f, nr rlur4 cr2ur6lr r-rirurpurlt- rlbp 0cru0urllutrtt's nui-to-nrnugll uur' glr0t'r br ur11D' lr02qtiu 0ul'r lurq0np-
qnr nyursrlurqlrrobrp .po..f , *a{*o \brn (ur:u t- q[ur:niu 1Lq{urpur0nrplnr' gtrfitirlr hl,s tlfuru[r0 ur.;u surrur]utcr2ur-
sur!, hur{ur0ur\ur0 t, cuts hrudur[u Opl, nm"Af 4l,nl,tu rl.p.ur.- 2-itl 4urrnrrl 0lr urrtttipr[rrur0ru\uro gl'qbrb iltltru{'po4hur0rurgomu t[r0 luur$r$u;nrppr0 0lirpurlruoglil l.f0 urulunululJh tjt pli I'pfilrl1 .tit pli rqursrlurllur0 htis0nr4'
urrl'lifJr qur6urqur6 n2 ulftur,arari*O +ruraqlrurcrillr o,rt tt 1,t4,tr'0ut\ur0 g1,- 0tir0 t 0: {lisurqurlnril {rurcsnr00lirp f-dn4nrlnrr40brfr hr gliql,r[r, uqur h0ur- 4tirtr n1nrsl: rt'0g ril'2 l'0 Obnunhl 0url'r nrncur\[t
ru.lnr t, nr u'r ,,'.uFurtlqn, ,rrrqrrc*n- ' irq*o-u.*0fr surrur0fnrf fnrcurfi*r- qr*rry;ur0, h04u'[rur\ur0 l.it plmrf rlno-
p.;nrr6brnrrl u.rqr1ur66lir[r *n*gfa np- \u0 tr2ur0tr Unrrlufnpurllur0 urrdur0ur- r1n1ur\urO srurrhr (ur\0hur1s t 0urbt
cursur\mp.;m00 t: q.ntp1*-o tlulsotuptrnruf tr ltqqupur- 4nu{lr41ur0 li0purchrsf run\ur;ntplnt'
hulurriur\ru6 rllr20ru4urr[r qulsrlurq- C*q*O qbrlnronrplnrcp ]nr31 lti sur6u 0p): fd;mrfur\uro ghqhrhg urll4ur06t'r[t
rnrp.;ur6 rlbg rfrurcsm66br[r urnur2[r0 ur- urno{urq'o iCp*tltLf] pb--h0urqni1fi rlti2 6nr$ur001ir[r p{mrl 1i0 lpr4nt\ob-
6br\pu;b{r hfrcursur\nrp1nr0p hru64[r- purqsrpruqruO^St;t1n iru-nrn.tuqh rE t'r [uur1ur26b4' r$'r2fr66brfru u6Llur'
qn,u"tiolrl ,i*rt *dr.t*1r tair-,r"qurlt- u-ra*qg"iplnr0 rqtisf l,nr0l,gur} [t- 0nnip rqurlrqur0rltil t r1urpu1, rlutqulJ
q'"i-ttitttro1;rrh "4",n".t1 ur1-Uiurri" 0b0 rlrurcsm66tirlr urqqur\urqrlnrp;ur6p: gl'r1ur6rlut6^titi2:
(.<uurhrlur0f Ucluurrhf>) hr- U$$u0ur\ur0 qrusrlur[ur0
\nrrr: ulusriq, prlur\r,1n{ r,r llfilrT,x}il?f.tl3,rti1lr:lrl*.hrurlunnsru\lr O\urrurqrliln{ | ' 'i :'fl*,
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I rurpLr;u1, oUrCSnr00hr0 }rrli0_g2br p0llurD p0ur\u{urgbrl, hh- I .... ,. .:,,. . :*- . ,, . i;t . .',,
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tu0mhlr0tirlr qnJn,Pry.oJ}:- ffi,,1t_ffi:'ffii;111,,,,.',,,#"$;i.,,, I ijl"i,,l:"1,h crsu.oobrmrr cr4rusr,1[rsf urnprrrl: ourcsnr''brh rrur, , I iil::S,i*'tlrti1ilifffifr::,u!0 h[rcursu\mPjnt 00br0
ri n'lc cr2ur''*o **l3i':ii ffi;# " , l ilf t*;3i'il1.n*:il1T1,i,rnrf urnur{b1 hurdurluu
ilur0rulrlutu0 liO 4urn0nt16-14 4urrirnrrr urr4bo u'i'*o $.,i [f;m'*it('i ii;.{.".i:'':l tfl*lnlli}}i.:.?::t-Tl*
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qnrbnul t' urgqur00tir tt::ll. l.''' ffi,.,. ,.,. I ilii"i,,l,.\uc hf*ir nroriour1 s[rurlrlu0uli) urO{ur0milp' unut-
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sburrl rlfuj0 pnu]r gh4p, onufqlr' pu0'qurc, chrru6lr gb4brlr nrnc slilrtlLir', lt02-
rilbu 0rulit tu{rrlrrllr gliqb tlu!0ltlub1
\1ur0p: Olrnuhnrf hr €nhruplr crgru0lt
ul+rtt4b tir olrufqlr gbql.ir'lr nlnc snltiltt-
rlr- cr'giutirrril il[rtiltn oru nncruO[r u-rpu0rllt hlislir rrlrltitir' [1tu0:
<Drucsnr 00hlp riuhritirlru\ur0trt p.;nr0
1,0 p0rpr0b1 ll-rr1 rlurlrg htisrr, trtu\ur1(i
0trr!rutnulu t1 tui[rrpu0 (lr02rrltiu 0rutir
hrurllu0 ptilnrPu!ru0) gtiqtirlt \titigttt-rlnrrI, ru{u0rprrlp0brrrtf ht 0nt1filtull
\rn6url1ru0 runoqru fuu0frrtil qqugr[rttd
t shrltu\ur0 h0urqnrl0 lrrut[tustulltf0tirltcnt02p, nt'0 ursuhrulsrlnrrl t 1u10 stu-
ru0nrf qsurb untrp qbrbqrhu0tit,rlr (iltu-
quri, furhtb rtlucsruilnr0frnl, [r02n1bu
0tulit \ru[urur4ntp1nr00brlr, prullrurhu0-
0lir[, rlrbrlr0brf ht ru11 4fgrulltu0 ttu[-0trr[ 0\ursrirurlp qruhqru0{urb hu{tu-sntl:
Lbqn0: UQqru0brb0g l1ruf tlturcsn
1bqnrO (pasto zaba, paxto zaba) nlus\tu-0nirl t h0rrbunnlullur0 fiq{rup0stu0ff[lrnuGtu\ur0 6ptr1[r hururrl.rulhrtilitu0h0ptu[urlp[r0: Uju b0pru[urlplr' bt p0t1-
hurOrurrqbu, urbtbturlrru0urlSu0 lbqttr-0hr[i oubrbOlr, lurq0nphrb0f, rlm09u6tr-
rh0tr, qurrllrrSu0 lliqm0brlr rIhY lununtl-0bdr ptlnd r[ucsn0 rufb0ur0cu0tu[ur-llrtJ0 t. ttl{Iu0rstuOlt bt\rI rnhctrtl[ufi
lhgu0hrlrg rlb\p (rl;nrup 4rur[r0 tl ht
lltuu'clhfntb0 rqbsu\tu0 thqr$ tltulur-r1ul1[r huuurb dlru\ urbrhltulrnuOtu-llru0 1bqm0 (oublb0l 6ur0ru1t{rub t 1n\nrnlhu ruqqrullr0, ru11 n1 I4bstu\tu0 1b-.
qnr): Ullrlu0brh0p nt0lr rlh0rufru0utlshrlut[0 tl ghrlu;lr0 pturpurnObr nt
lunurlu0f0hr, Irrn0g ntunril0uu[rt'utp;nr-0p 4tin u\qp0tu\ur0 {lllntd [: ]tir\u-lnulu p04nt0{ru0 t rp'uOf rl[urt[ttrlil bt-
lnt luncnr lurlptirntrl \rurI tllnrrlhrntd'rullldslurO (\tu0r1ruhurr.1ru0) br urtirli-
. gru0 (gru1ur1upur1-{rhcru{urlu0): Utu-
\tu10 hurcrllr un0hlnd d[rgtu0tlttu1 pur-pun0hrlr run\ur.;Irrp1nt0p. rulu prudut--0ntrIp
nrncur\lr ulnnrrln{ nltu;tItu0tu'
\ru0 t:Orucsnl[r rqursrlnrplur0 qruOuqru0
. rfnrllirnril qnu\u0 1bqnr0 hlrri0{ti1 tritirp urbrb1.1ur0, rltirp urbtilsltu0 ptut'-
prun0br'[r {ru: lubr'\ut ntrlu Llllrrlu0ustu'
0mri (0rubr chu\lrusur0lr {rucsnr0urp-
(itu\ fturltrl'(itiltrtri) [itltusrlnrri l. rllirlttur-
prtruur.llr0 qltu[1trr0 tlrtucsn.llr [1ru(itttittt'
[3utt1tlru0 rl[rstrrri, prut'1lurlttu.1lr[i tilit)lu-
0urt[tu1 ti;nrplr oqsrutprr0dtu0 htis illltu-
ulr0:rlrrucstrti rulflr l. }0tltinttI lrt' lttut'ttrus
lhlur\tu0urlltuti tllrrtirtltl tir prutttuttlttt-
cuu'nt[: rl,tl'9[rti[lrr iltig h[ttl{ittrlltu0 ltut-nrrnltucturlt pti[rI ull>rputiru\tuti ptunti-
r'lrg pruglr un\ttr [i0 t[rn[urunnrpprfi0t.irrurruptilh[ilrct, Ipurlr[tg, hlnr ulru'h0r1\tu-
\ruti lliqnrfitir'lrg (r[rutigtuplt, ltuh0qtu)lir. ntlrlnr[rg: U!uru0 rulu rlrut'lr 40-ut-
\ru0 pt[u\ru00trrlrg, currdnlfp nnlqr[ur],itirufntr r[rurcsnllr> (u:[r1- u{rbg1brlrucsnt uslll}dtufip, nltusdun htu0tllt'uugrud puqrluplr{ hu9nr1{ru0 0nt'ur-
pru0nqr.;nt00hr'lr, nrn0f {rnluurlr0lrptt li-
!ur0 ru0hurrll[r rlrnlurunnrplnr00hrlt0:<Du.rcsn0 oqsuqnrOntrl t urrupu-t4turu-
\u\ru0 qlrrp, ru{tilurgru} luh0 htusrl\l0 h0gnr00br'0 ursulturlstrrl qru0ltcb-
fu:4rw\whmp1[l0p: <lrtlr651r
1 tiqr[n{ritiq l- hruutil pb tlnrln{r4iu!rufi hu-rnrus purOurltltlturtlpltt0 ht pb tltuuut-
\urti 6nlu tlrtu\tu0tttplltt[i: q)ucsn]nt|
tptlurD rurlti0ur hlr(i lrrnctuld tufi g ltrutirur-
rlnni l. Urrrlttr.lriruii Uiu!nrlr "(aurqfh-rurp-lr Llnr{r3urD (<trrPng {'lrctustutltu-
lru0") tirl111. rrrlr runu06ll(r riruubr'[t
h0nrplnr{.ip hruu{inrri l. rllrti2tit l2 l -3-rt1
4r1.: {ru.;s6lr t [iull lfltlhtuililut1 {.lryttt-
Ulr (OEPuI hluqur0ur" (<Q-rtrrls(ilr tpufi'
6rurtu0) hIctustulrulu0p. rrrnrd hlrcut'
stu[tltu0 ti0 0urtl 8-rr1 rlurlr ruilrrltu(i
pru0Luusbq00br: (Dtucsn thqrlrtrl fltgtiu-rpurjru0 rurdrullr u[qp0udnlnr10tir0 ti(i
nncur0[r uqlu04lr hlril0ru4ll' fiu.luqlt4U{iuurlr0 (}uqntilnrl ordntr) ht ut'tu
!rn0ru!ru0 hur\uruu\nn1 Ulunr0tlrLul'{bqru0:
Uur\ru10 rullqu0rul1ru0 qrtullu0ttr'p;nr0p lrr burrllrlur0p hruuru{ 1ru{rtubn-
1lr dbrrtrl I 7'l 8'rr1 tltttt'hlnt tl: tlllrrlur0ulh-qnt ninbs0lirlr 0urq\rupnrt10 b0 \uq-rlnui Uprlun-ftruhrlu0;r (fl'tuhrlu0 ptu-
pu), Uprl tu1-(urrllr4p, lflrrqu0' Ltptl
ru1-Irur1[r [uur0g. €ruqlll luru0 Ctu.l-
4ruti, hrnrchul [uu0 tutuppurlp: tl[tg-0rrrrlrrtrlrrtG utlrtlrufrrultirltrt qrrrtllrrrfinr'p1ru0 tlltu qqu$ t unrlrlrqillr pntlubr1'ncrlp: llnurlbl ulnlrub ht srurur0{Lu0
dur0r0 tr quqtulll (quqtil):
Sf,sbuntp1nfip.' <lrucsrn00liLlt ltf il-0ur\ur0 qpurllnr0fp qlnulus0sbunr-p1ur00 t: Dus nrnril, rquldrufitu{nnlu0
thn0urllr0 sbqru0fn{, 0ru0g riti0 tituup
hurrftusbrpr.rl t hnrltuqnrblnp;.nt01r htru0uufi tunluhnrplnt0l: Qtlrs hntlurqur-
dnqrlruilp li6 qpru4tlntrl hlrri0ulru0ntd{.lr0rprulr, (rtu[irltuhullt hn{[stihtntf bt
.Qtultulrtrprurl[r nr {hltupll ouq[tu0b-rnrri: Utrr,r\nrrI b0 gnrti0, lturdrur', ulr'
utrn. tiqlrrrlsrugnlh0, Dluurlutrs' qtu0ut-
qtu0 rllrptusnr prrr.lulir', ilr'qlir tit pru0-
gurrtrrlti0: <Dtucsnt0 hnlluqrlrdp ltudttu-qu0g ruclurustuuhr L. hrus\rurrltiu u2fltt p0\0nril trunqlilttt hrlsnrprullp' oqsu-qnrDntrl t ph' ptirutlur0 grbrp lit pb'
!turtntgnrrl urhliustu!tu0 nulrqdur0gtu0g:
[f[02hr XIX rpurlr {hr2hrp hr XX t1'
ut1t1p(itirp rltiucsnttitrttlttr(i ctrts tlLritttlur\
pltlr crgtu{irrrtl sttttttrt)tliut) l.t' lrrrr[l Ittti'rltul{iurl1ru0 trt,tlrurllttltirrtlrliltirp Iit lltt'rltrlttutltttlitlttt(i tilr 2rtrrllrutlttr(it; .ltttnust'-tuurll htr.rrlrtr\rrrl q .t{bcp": rlbclr lrrrrr!trr
tlru.1fi hnr11r pulcltutitlnrti l.r gtrrllt lrlisrtrtilrftitirlr Li[r9tir tir ttlrrcrr-rtilr tlltttt pl:t ttt-
[1tufiur.p1ttrrIp, tut'tlttrrttt;r.1tttti1r tuttltrtltn'
rllipr lrurtitur 11{isLu0lrl'titirp rlttt[utu[itu'
\ntd tlrti lrlh0g lrrrritu!snrtitirlt, lt[i2tt1ttu
[iurtir s0tit p: <Dnluu0rrr\ritrrli h01lu[ut
2l.lr0 il[rurlti srlltul lr0sur0lrflr dtittl'nt[sfi\r[tu] ru.;t1[r{itir'11: U1u lurlrurtSu0qrur[urulr11 unt[rrlnrlplr ri0ugnr[0tirp dltfi-
ltl oru t1 nlullrlurti{h1 ti0 ptunr$qu1gbqlt, nrnc. !lurti0tir[r ct'gu0ntri: Otuc-
snr00hrlr rI!9ngn{ "{ticlr' urt{nrn11p1r
srunu0nril L usruclbl 0uhr ?[rslurlf litUthrbl.1u0 {[r0rpr\rlclr ttt'rlc tlurtpur[irlnqnrlnr rrl0tit lr crpur0ntd liru: FtllnrrulprlutiruIur0 ghrltirlr !.lru0fntrl 0ctu-
0tu!tullrg rll,r l- lururptil [irutir ru0uu-0un1u-rhntplnt0p: f!nrdr{nrti li0 \lt{tir.nlluLultil;r. urtt)lrr. tlhlrr. nttlstrr l,t ut11
p0surtilr tltitirltuti[r{ibr': [l0uutiu'n]utltnt-p.;rurip c1pturlrlnt1fil,r'lr nrnc dtuup rlttt-
rrlrl h lrr2rlrtr-urtituu0tunltuhu[1tu(i s0sb-
unrp.lnrti:'J0ru.ltuO untrfi. {ttucsttt0 Ilt2-
rlnltitir';r strtt'tltu nrttctu![r tirltutittrtl[iL''lrrtil qptltl{trrrl ti(r {irtrtit ht.ttltutlttt0ttr-
1'r.pnip: (!rrrqlr tu.1u, nlrrc fnltlnl qbqlil'
trullrrl. r[rnrlru04ur) rituu[ituqlrsugtil ti0(lltullhustu(ilr hr Illrrlur[iusLu0[t tllt2tirsrur-ur0glrt1 lturrtrtlur[itu1[r0 rurttlsr'lt rltip:
{lurltuftup(ittttl (rrucsnrti0tir'p qlltrurln-rrutrlt,tt qprurlt[rrtri [,0 urltt,us0tirntl [it
ulthlsnttl:Ilcluurhwlwgffi nrnc ntqwqtht:
(rucsnt0tulltu(i tu{tu0r[utlLuti tuclrtur-hrulruqf0 p0r1tp'\uLil I. tur[u{irpup.lruLillulpuqnrtrt[rub nlus!lirtugrrrrl0lir' ptur-
fbr lir untlrrrnr.lp[il'r:Ubrlru\u0 nlus\tir.tuqftu{i lrurilut-
drulti urclurul'hp ducsnr0titrr'[rti 0bt't1tu-
1ulinrf l. \urr'0bu prudruiit{tu} <]rltrut-
1lr00tirlr" br <osur0titlr"' urult0fti{rurcsnr0[itir'[r br n2 {ttucsntO0brlr: 3tu0-
lugrud dnrprt[n1lr0 hrusrl\ rucyltullr0 t-p-
0[r!tu!ru0 [r0ffiuq[rstu!gnrplnt0g {lruc-snt0ur!tuti rllrgur{u.pntf ustugbl l. tilt.ptrollr0rrrll, 11111rrtrllr1 lrrprttttxlr\ til lrrrrr'p
p0nr1p: "Ostut'0[ir'0> t1 lrLlifig htirplt0pruchu0{ntrl b0 illr ftutilr furiplr: lrtufttbr. uuug qru0ruqur0rlnnl b0 <ufihru-
dus0tirp' {u{4. fru$tr) ll rirullltrtlu-
!tu00hq1 tuftri. rlmuurlrhu0): Q04 mlrri,rIurhdlirlur!u0titrrlr rit,2 t1 t1u0urqu0-
{ntrl b0 unu{h1 rinslr\ hr hbnnr lud-phr:
Surgf\0brp. rqululr\0hrp br pbltttl-0brp rlnucsrrr (ilr nltustltrltugriullp u{b1 ltrins hti "lrtrlrlllrti0tir'1r0", fu0 pinrt'f-
iln0rpr1ur\urfi dnrlnrlnrrrl0lir'11' Uru pfi-
rpur'6rut1 prudru0nll0tir'0 lrrb0g hlrrifntilrnOli0 rtlr ftuti[r rtpusdttrnObr, rrmtif ti0lprtitu[u0 stulpbt'ntp1nr0p (0tutrt unr0
0lr-clttu), 1tiqnr0, nlusfur\rr-rfi ur{rufi-
4nttpll. stistiuru\tu0 llti0ututltirp (fnltlnl'"
0usul1.1ruq): Illncur!lr tlhr nr0ll Otutn
{rurcsntti0tl'lr [rru0u\urti 0uqtiur0 riur-
ulrti dnlprtllrlu[1tu0 rirtr\rul'11tu1;ntti tu-
rlurtlurlt[ru0 lrrirugnrplrtt0ll (sLu 0utn<l'ru0-[iurlL", ph{ 2, t2 l2J3): r
FfrULLuuh -1ur [ip.;nr rl'lrqrllr rlcsr.u-
tt1[iu tltt0 r[su.r{iq l:
{itirt1rulLuqlhl lrtilqtru{LultuusnrOlt. tu.10rr1hu t1 ur"
ttuptu!ruti hrllrtihl'lr [l lrru0lrsrulru0f rullrti udpnrlputltu[inL-11ur0 hudrur: U111 crrrllr0[ru-sur\tu0 qruqur[rrunulunurrr-p1ru0 ilhr\ruqiltu0p surphr 1ti-qrtr0[rrrrtl 0r[[i:'rlh1 h0 pLurliltu-plrrI lrnrlr[urdfitir nr mcluursnr-plnttitihr pli' dtrqurfinril, hr ph'rursruutuhtlu 0nr il:
I;r rulnu tunuptirtr0n{ Irnu-suru\{ti1 hLi 1992 p. hnr0[rulr9'10-1r Upbtifnril <Helleno-Arntcttico' hu0rlhulr \urqtiu-\hlnlur0 .'lhufi pJntrflrtlf0 ur.l-uor'> illr2Luqr1tu1lr0 qlrsudmln.
tlurf Lu!ru(inrp.1nrtip. lrhr{rtiu!pcytttpuhhrr[itir l- ru0qllruq[inLfttlrllrQlrur.l[r [ir LIlhIurutirlrtislrcrgru00hrlr tllr2ttr. (icnrtl. nr.1>rutiulrur(i lr{i2n1tiu hur;tirlr(idtulutiq lrr cruhtirlr hruilrur.utl0trybu I.l rurtup0tirlrti: UJ-0ttrhtislir rhu0rrutiruu(irrrtr0 1nr,utupru0rlnLti t Ultrluu{irp'tislrrfturqp (}nrlffrru.;lr0 rllrugtih-lntg lrtisrr lir\r'[r IunurrlurnL-pltu{i qltrr lu ru0qtu} IrutitipIr (ih0Jnr h h ru\turulurpulru0f rutlLuf ru[1ru0nrp1nr0p, ur10 t,'lurruF urqqup0rutl2urp;tu0 sh,rpuhu0ntti0 lrr lrurlrh0lr hn-
Uhg. phrphlh. qrfhr'lr, 0nr;-0lru\ rurtupblb0lr turqhlnrtlp,pnLll'br'[ db2 hr"u\urLurupu-
q.tuldrtil Ulrrlrurllr tit l.rruflr{rru d0cnlti tprrdrurp'tipn hu,dur:
{lir[r0ru11p lrhr-frrrti l. 1'nrrr-fu,rllu0 \ruutur[urrnrp.;tu[i ru.;0rr1(irlrrrtititirp. pt bt[rlrusllprrrrl'rutFu(i t]t-'s t. [iclilnrl. nr'
rllislr ru\rrr [if 0hrlr O'rrr rflrur..lnrtl (hujllurtpu{i tlrturlt[ru]hnrlhlnrrl) qstirltilp prurlrulurIt[tilf 2t u,r;0 utir[rurtlur(i. ur1qnrllr0 qhs dru[itu2hpn hu-tiu.u'. ftuOlr rrr (inu ftO druu0tu0g0nrti t urugu\Luti hr\r.0brn{:
[f brdu{nr Urtirhlf nLilU[J.U-h \urdu[usrur fd'nrr.ffur0, pus hh{rOrul1f, dqsnLrit lrnu!ru0rug0b1 lrr <Uhr)
rprlnr rrl0tir, lr0ln1huuurl'trr'p. cuultir(ilirp, fr4hrpur1;0. prrprr'p prrrlftir li0, lrrdifnltilir[i0 [rpr lrnu0u[1ru0 thqtlup0suii[rllr{i 2]r nlus[ur1[inr ti:
Iu1n1r, ",, ulu0plnrrflrqr$
dlrurlr'[r riruulr0, rr1rnl[. I]h.qru[i qlrnil t. "Utir hL[[rgi.hrrufip, hru t1hr0 !r ri0ug\r4tu[ip1nrrf [rus0tirlr drurlruluprrlurcsru\ru fi nsfi tlqnrp.;nr00b1
r'lrq: bu <Urlrpti2ur0 hr [lrrrurO> tyfnrrl nlusrftu[ur0 ru0i.
hblfhllr rlrruusbltrrl br runlugrrrlgtihrrrrl lru-rusurshl hrl, njtu10 hr\nurhuuU, nr(i u{uqulutuldurlp Urpph2ur0 t lprf{nril, nltustiurplru0 p0purgtnul
{l.rrnnp hr lr1turuhq n1ulsdurpua{i&hrprywfip*nrrfpqdh dwuh&
{nLti rulrup tir rrlturulr\ hru.Jtu-qhs nltusfruptuti0t r' Uulhhf)tulu'l.rp1lr0lr IiL [:0tu.;upnllrulr&hqurjlr lprrrrlurguD 4ruuru-lurrulrr plrrr (i litrr'lr fi1rrr phrj<O'nrrfru\ur0 0ruL[tulrultltuc-snrplnr0p Oltupru[1ru[i uc-luurhnrd lir lrluOltrtl> lun-ruqrn{: L-rtpu htirllr0ur\fihr0t1 ilfguqgru1[r0 3u10 6ru0Lu-
2ntI nr0tiqrll rrlurstlurptu(i0hrh0, unup0hrlr. lrnutiglr0hrlr.htuihr'lr hr rltirdrurlnrurtrLh-lJtu0 ruJl dnrlnrlrrrrrl0hrlrn1usilnrp1ru0(i nr ilcr-u\ru.;plr00{[tr{u0 purqdrupll[ ulusrltu-fturlurfr"uIru0 pu16rrurdhf rlti-0uqrnrpSrLfi(itillr htirllr0ur\Otir:Ucfuursnrp.lrufi urruuplr0 purtl,finrf. nrp hhqlrfitu\tr1 t rp\slrUrultih .Quhr'l:ry1lr0p (<[)'nrr-frullruft r)rrrrlrrrg rrrrrlrrrcsnrp,;rrrfi p[[rrrrprulputi urclurulhrrr rl>),0ctlrrrrl t. nr' tl)tululrg dlrglrnltushlruqrllrg hhsu f}nrlflru-1lr' Ulrr[ru1lr0 nr I'nuflrfi rrul,r1ur0 utrltun0rul[rf0hrp 0nnrr-plnrti 2hti tir n1 t1 nlrusrulrru-[1u0rrrp1nr{i. tu.;1 rpurtir[r [urtr-f[tc titlrrrl rlrnr.ll-rru prrrrfurllrufipc0urriLu\ru0 htulurptinu plnr [i-0tir[r 11r'uhr rrrnr ri: Ultinrhhshtu0rlrurlrun[iut pr[ U1t,f uru0r1-rhslr tlturqlr [rrtirplr0. nr'p 1939p. U(i\urrr.u1[r nlru.lriru[iruqrnrl.1brtu[iulrru0 rllrgtig l}rrLrflrur,.;1r0. rururp npusritupru[i3 rltuIrrurluluril l. rurupruQtu[i hn
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!u0 qqruqrlrrr0ffihr urrpfiruq-{ili11r hr ru.;10: {hqlr0rullp firrr;-{irug0rrril l. tiruhL Lllhfuur0rph-slr tiruxllr hl Irultu;ti1lr L;rr11-
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O. C. F. Black. The Gypsies o.fArmenia//Journal of the Gypsy LoreSociety, vol. (1912-13), pp. 327-330(ptunyl. IInqwAAut 4a{huAAfiuluAp:
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lu1-fr4u|utfi huthruc-funtpluA hr fbr6bgtIuAhutrghrp hus\uryhu l9-r44wrl 2-r4 \buf0 4urdh1fliA or{u fuA4fir: 4t4 ,I--ulr0 bA l\ut1nrf hrurl4ru-rrullrfn4 $urusutp4phrp: I;phffiQ ut14 fr4hrft hhs huttth-ruclun rp1 n ili h utus utshyt tl"0,thrq hhsufrfnnplufi tu-nurSm t h4h1 hulQurlputicrpufiAhrnut, .unlu 4raru-dhr2f0 ur4h0 fifuli quqtu-fiurAhrp huttftu!,h1 bfi Awhrfnrr4 fistu{nrurllufintpluAnrnculflt chrsbrft (hffis. Up-
4nrlnralhIuA-ph1ft usnrhtfihrllutltug{n4 \n2fl: Id'lnuItr, ulfinthhshr hug-fr4ut\u0h u I h r utc lun t p1 tu li h ut tI u rhwrlhrlutsutprrrr ut4hthIittlwus rntln r n7n1 [u fi Abrtfifr ushrlitlhlnt: UutllurlA,urllll-t1, ltfiltt1hu hbsuqutn1urstltrrp.lnrAp gnqg s{bg,4hn1fhr0 phpugurli tlltrufrqur-tIur1fi tuJl nttlrltrrplttttlp.pn uf u 11 ur fr lr c luuti n ry1 n t fi-frbrfti lt lbr2n hupn4lhgoqsuqnrthl fr4br[A hulhrlr
4hfi uutfidurdu\tlurt 2ur-4brnuI:
eusbrpfr t hbsutfrfrhl, phf'Ali U 4htqthrlt Afufr pfr-pugflt r4utsltutnp, fu [A1n'thhurulnr thtlurtl hu4-fr4ut-Iltu{i u1fifufi \urhmr hu-fuqnrtu\gntplu0 ushtltnt-fp, nrft hurrlur u41t1ftufi tuc-
luutsufif sur{hg lttul hruuut-r u \ ut\ u A-f utltuf ur Q ur fr \ uq-[u\bnqntplnrAAhrfi, Awfu hrunup 13'Lft Qn4flrg:
hApqhu firuulurtp Aclutt drutIuAuSfiA tAhtntfihrutsuna\ln4 13'L-f orgufihurlurlhqnt <<rlrocutll> Itu[i-4hulrg usnrfu phnln1 fuuu-stuptlpbrnul, 4rur hlttllitttlyulittltusfunp Acluft duuhu0u-furfif2ngnuI htulhrfi fu fr4h-rft ungfuupuQruA qurqurg-[ur0 fin\uu'4ru\frhrf surph-rntplnfiA fu, fryhrf.fh2 fur-tltuftullurfi tlsflt qturgugfitufiututlffruqffi lfi6url1p. fr4u-\uA uqqugltfi cuthhrfi hlttf-tiaftu0 nrduqthrp 4htthruhbnnt tlrfr plntrb4urfrruyttght fnrr4 hutulau.rufitrtplnfipltr huugrbl dhr purdnuAurlghrluyfiA fsuhn4ntplu0 [u-lyut4utQltg:
tI-1ur4lttfir IffiAnru\ntqfruftarsrfiudp <<fr4brp pnt-tht'lt l1ttt1tlfu11 pt slilhrtpn ntrqhu \nn1fis qnrtff' hutluqqulf0 curdfu0p hur-
luq4hpr hrutfur>>:I ftnufi-ultugf qfsAu\uti $rh4hrfl1Utu\$rp, uli4rur4un0urptlhturllt4lth qfi4hrlt ushr1irhu-Ap, p04gtuttl t, nr 4nufinlun qprufi ru\rufr Qurnutdurn rp1nfip 2u0nt[ tr huuthufibtUnu2ur{ur Uultutlfi br\ntshryap tiltll dnqnrlnu4Abrf'hutlhrft tu fr4hrfi fibrdbg-rhufi pfruilptAn[i ryrnghup>:2
7' br\ uq ug ln 4 {t tu us ru p4-phrp, nnrfif unlugntgnul hfi{hrli wurlutdp, Qurtnut htl,Qurhmr hfi I9-r4 4urlr tlhr-glr hr 20-14 4urfi u\qplrh ury -f r4u lltu fr {rn fr h ru rup b-rnrpl nrfi tihrlr nllusIn rpl rnfipurqfrlrpfitl hurghrfi yttunt-ptulitlutfr s hutu6 Ig n ililtg:
cl-prutlru[inrplntti
' 1. Muuopcxuil B. @.. Kyp-ga6 3auerxu H BneqerfieHt4n,I1-n, 1915, crp. 11.
2. Aaernu A. C.. I-ep-uancxui uMnepuanh3M Hagnuxueu Bocroxe. M. 1966,crp.444.
<<arocur\>>, N I 0901)
.flf rrrlhr, hu1rhfi uflr9-0h'r,
I'nrf tu1 tlp hurrftudurl'0lrf, llurdbtl, nr cus hutq-rurqlrrs t sbu0[ ffrnlf fpdur10p d[ugur0 hru1t1ur!ru0pnrlnflr0' pn44hrl ur.1{i prrfinr-ptru0, nr undnrurprur t1p
hurlurrlr flnr4ru\u0 surrlirlr hnr{ur[irurrrr: Ll.;11 nlus-drunn{ hu runtulir1lr[i ulrrnt[
lpcsulqhf oqsrlrl 6hr ht'tu-rtrt0' hrurlnr4hlnt fru0lt tlpsli4h\nrplrt00tir [il qtiqtu-llrg0brnr ur4f {fidrullr rlutulrO:
{ur1l1ul1u0 llnsnnu00hrpbuqu} usb0 fuqrufrullr4rrucfururhf pnlnr lrurqlu 0hrpqrhglr0 pt ffu4hrp !rb0g4rugb b4n4 hulbrp llpu-qu00h0: U.;u ru0rqursrnt-p[n0p uilpn4pn{f0 fftr4h-rnr0 rlnrrl 0ur0rtugurr. pur.;91
tiu llirrqlll, nr lrrruytpln[ipnlurqtlr:
(.Inruu rqtJh nush ru-sh00 [ru[ cursbrj qhsth0,nr lltrtutu t4t1 ru.14 putOp
lr0f0lrrqfunr0 lprtur, nrnr0t0 rlh' urqurgnlg0 t 1lr-churl rqtllr0 ru10fru0 rlhqur-rnr p13u1t0 hsfp 4rusurusu-0f unght ruulurrur0ulp:
Qrunrurlurnrphru0 hu;b-rnr0 2tur4b1nr rlfrsfg nntu-plrrrf u\rufi r4ru shruqf [0\gu[ufr: (lr0 ush0 Uprllll{uriluy €lnr4lrusur0 lrrustd[ furUbg, nmrl l1p hlurritu-
1tl hru.ltirnt0 lr0lf p prulru'01,1, qu0nfif \nsnrti1, pufiru-tlurstil hrulrli0lrft0 htrnu[iur.1ur: l-!ltltrr l'Irrlr1 u-rrlru[il,t'p[tt t4l..lttlp tlur{.i drrrlrrrl f l!\tuqftiglr0: LI14 drrrlnrllrti
f l.9 l lru'rytirnr dtiD ct.1lu't)L1lu Itrriursntlluh nslr b-
1ur t'L Iuurt. "t)us lrlr(i ru-
sb0l. lrdtil ltru.lhrp br [rrrtlli-rlr ru.lu iir[rlr0 tIl,y tptu'clltLilir b(i. tipt rit-,til ru.luor' (ltu-
[intif lprsnllitif rlturlt plttt'fti-lp r4[rslr u11ulrti rlbq [1rtsnt.ti1.
bu \p [rurObri nr l'lttrtlbt'1rru111 \p huu[1[iru0 ht llitlJlrluurr nl f[urr; fp qs0rlt,m' ru.lr1 rlruhdnrplltig 1utid0run[il.>: Ct.llu I'tr1usrrt11uhtuqtlbCh\ 1t1 1tu1tttl, rllrtutilit.lthrurlru\l,r'11bgtu0: Iluttt'{rru.1 dn4rrrlll !Jl'rl'!Jtul [irUprllrtl {rurl[rr1lr r]rurlrrufplllrusunligurr:
3tisn.1 0pr1lrr1 l,turilttl ltrllurllp rurrurp sutitrlttt lrruilrur {urilillltl, lrli}l,lruqrrr(i'r11r tluqribg, htn[rr{itir.nr. 0ur'nru[itrt'rrr hrurlrrt utr;hslttphru0, htuqurunltisnr ptrru{iruuslrt{ur{i srurr. flrtt'r1hr'p urs
shu0l,Urrl rlrurltiglr0 tllrhr n-
ruqrrtigru0 nr usrurtur(iqqbus lir <1t0f: blt.\ bturrtu.lbr hn{ln hrprl tlp, lirp hLu-
rlrrruqbsnrpbu0 !p pur6-rur0urr, n1 dlrtu;O hu1p. tu.;1
Irr hu1r0 ltu! !pur4ru00t:Urqul Up4ln1 {ruillu1 fllr4lr-rnr iltg surnubbl suur pthru.;hr1, flntu[n1 hhs hurtftu-rlrrr,l{ili1nrf, rlsurrllrr hfi flrtr-4brp 2urt1ti1: €lnr4brp qq-nhlt bt iln1bnuO4b1t bsfp,cus 1ru0gu.rb, hhntuqrhg.Qtflr rltuctu3lr0 Stulrnrflgqur0b1: Uhrurtuulrtl tulunlturlbfh0urjru} t lnulur-ffu4tu-\u0 lnlup:
Uultg Shsnj lpullulr hru-
1ng qturhnrrhlf tpsnru00h-rnr crutfp: Uu\ru10 6hr nt-cur4rnrplrr0l \p hrulrrrhilru10 hu0qullu0f[ {ru1, nrfulrqru0,,lo1rru0, dt-qlrrt,Utitidrur'lr \nqrllr flur4bql n1
ilt! htul 2unltu00hg[0: ttphtulcrlr' lrfi2rr^r tlt\tu1 flur-4brp gtulrltrglr0, lru\ uun0fpru0 2pr'1r0. ru10 nlusdunrurnr urun0g purflirp ru0-lrruru{i d{iruqru} l-lr0: Un1l.0ru.;u !rrrlilr flrrrrlbrlr plrrrf\runru{uunrpbfit0 tlrh 2tr0
FFULr,uuts-1tit \rulrurrlurrntphur0 lrrrrr urdu0\nrplrr00brp qlrstr0: 1lunfi f furtilrgu urqusruti;,1,gru0 !urnul{urnrptiruti rltri.tutlt0t0 0cru0urrnrlr tlll.;y[uu0 rlrrucu1lr runlusruril'rrrplrr0ti [: U0nr pu0urllr til.9crus rlp htu;l,r u1 !ur.1lrti:Uru\tu10 ru30 ulsh0 \urrrur-{urnrpbur0 !n4rl[ lur\rurr)60.000 qorfp dti} tluurrrlInsnrtig qu0n0f : brtlrrrrrlrur4usullpnrpln0p' .ll.srlu ur0f nr4!0' {hrut.l0 r{tJt! [-rur. [1unu{runrrplrr00 rusru1 fuh44bg. tusnr hrudurr. 1..
nr urJu tqnrld[ f]nnlbrp !ru-nru{rurntpbtu0 pc0rudf h0.rrruslr br hulbrnr0 qtc ul-fnr[ 1ti0 0ru1]rr: Uluorrur0olu, {lopur0lr, [ulrqru0lr, 6t-qlrrtlr, Uli06urlrlr f[rrnllirp\'nrqlili, nr |rb0g nlucso-0htu0hrp hr 4ursrurnr0btp lr-rtifigrlt 111tu0, bt brprulnrltulu qurqru{rurry !p04hru0-ru0ruJ:
Uju stiuru\ r[urusbqr lr0-flr !1r 4r4b{i gtu0\tu0tu1, nrhulbrg dhnf dbnflr sru0 p1-
pu0 u.;u tuOlurulr0 rrt du-fnrr rI[iurqur0 flrtrrlhrnr0hhs: {urtufitu[tufi t nr sn-
4hru \rurrltugnll0tirp pub0'<lr'02 g0nrf, lr'0p brbru\u-;ntplrt0>, prulg \p hturur-srud, nr urcfirurhlr rltg qu-{trrrhururqu0 gru0fbrp u-n1ur4fr0 1b0 rl0ur: bt burulu drurlpn{ n1[slr tucfuru-slll, bt pn11 srtf urtip0h1,nr Jnruuhustn40brt0 2hrl:bpt tlb0f rtbn0lr0f, ru0cnrcsdbr qurlp0brp r4[rs[ uc-funrs[0 hr ur0n0f tuOqtus-6un nllrs! lrupnrfr0: r]bntuullt 60 sturt urnurg f[rr4pru0ruushq} rlp \url' rurbfr6lrc40 putu}' dnrln{r4tul1u0ucntn d0, f[r4tu\ru0 thq-tllll qll$O tirqld.r[ tttp, tur-d[r! llunu{urrnrpbu0 rltrl\p pn4nftr bt u1u hunlb-ruc[unrp[r0p \p furrnqtr:[.Isw4rntpln0 \u; urlu qr-rtulfp squrqrbl hr. surnu0b1,nrqtuqlr flruqbntt dtg urluqu4ullrurg rurhfir pnrpnfi]r:
3ru1s6lr t, nr flrrr4hrnrbr hur;brnr dtg' 4trlfbmr btun{nrnrp[r00hrnt luhus0fur0nrp[rt0Obr 11u0. ruluhr\nr dnqn{nlr40hrp 0n10
10stu0[rffr0 \p n1urst1ur0lr0:bpt u0n0f, nrn0f 6n10 pn-0ntphtu0 sru\0 h0, |rrurrnthhs 2hurlurdu10f0, nrn'thbs rq[slr hurrlurdru;01r0:Cursbrp q[slr hurg0b0 ptru;u hrurltu6rul0mpbru0 du-rp n'r0 t: Sunuprufusurpurhruqurur\nrl u0\urb1[r turl4rqlrulr qnr}0ru\ur0 htur-
22
<;lr rili rrlusruuluulitrl:'l.rrr.lt,rltirrllltluruUru0 !orllrsl.tiLt'trr [Lrflrti qnrbnryrrplrrtitilrluL crgu0tu\lr0 l1p rltirurptirlr:
(l.u1ntl ru10 hrhlnlpfttirrrr(i. nln0f u.1uor urI[til'lrurrr.rllr *rttugO bfi, bu nllrslr.llrcrusru\titl' hnu flrtr4 hru.;.rh0ruulr0hrnt fnfrf! lurlplrrilr rpt;nrplt0p, nr urr1tfi trr-llrrr sturlr t !p hrrusuru\t,Irr' .lwsnt\ puqfrp <€[rr-rllrusru0> ru0nr0nrl hr ru0nrtilrgngurr rfrnfr un dtnfrlq'rur'}urbt fru4ufu\rpu-\ru0 rlsfbr: <€firr4[rusu02-p\p nluhtu0gt, or[r6ur\, hur-ilhrucfu nrpfn0 hruusursblhur.;hnrr hbs, nrumd, qnilqh-snrpfr0 srururlbl flnr4hrnrrltg, 4frftu4rbt phrrf tlunur-{urnrphru0 ffrrrrl surrrg pru-dtu0-prudur0 U0htnr 4lrsnr-d[0 hr 0n10 [ru! pn0fr nr-dn{ 4lulu4rb1 ur0nr runlo-rlr0[ qnrbn4ntplt00brnr0:Ir{hrgn; <€[rr4f usur0>-]riltg hrurttr \p \urr4rugq|flrtrrlbrnr0 pn40b1 purqlru-ntu[ru0, ruruqurQrullrfi \b0-gturlp br u\ulr1 luu4ruq nrtuclurusurrnt. \bru0f:
U1u \rr1md0brp, 6[c4 t,ruluor 4hn pn11 b0 hr 0nrur-
Fnrlpnt, pruyg n1[s[ ;nt-uru0f. nr rusn0f hrh0gnlsnrq[ihrp 11'nr0h0u0 brur0cnrcs llturnrl hUttru{usb40li1 hr\rf dt2 qqrufirhu\uruntlpur0ur\ur0 ntd d1:
Pfu4 rlp
<<arocurl;>> N 4 0901)
{u1 -fr4u\ruO .;runupbrnt-plu0Obr
trt4trpru0[ nr4lr Upslll"ruhiltu0-pfulr t1n2g fr4brlr0,nr squqrmd hOf <rlrocur-{[> OhrQu; hrurhurnril, ph-
turlrnrd t dhq tt[ f ur0lrfunrhr4u.rlnrpln00br hurl-fr-4ru\ur0 lurupbrmpfrt60hrlrdurulr0:
€[u4"hru1[tu[ur0 hurlb-nucfuntphru0 hurrgg 0nr b-rhrn;p lt dbr !buOfnrrI:l:brutu tlrurdrur4hshur fi lr.tI!rs[2 tur[dbur0lr hu.;brugf0hrf hr Ortu0g nrncqnrb0u\ru0 ftullbrp u.;4uurhtltu00brnrtl 1tu.;s0lr li0curshr[0: Fru$$[f rlcsur-\ru0 furnq0hrp, Ulnu{i6-shru0! llrurblrf0brp br rpruhhs ctus nrrlrcOhrlr hrphrl0dn1bnu04 hrurusp, brpbrl0ptutru\ur0ur2ur{ h}nl0ur nr-turd hudnqnrd0hrp' durrlrtrgh0 cr2mrl fbr huruunu\nr-pbtu0 dtg: tlbrgurr4tu ufi-gbul sruu0urdbru\ntrl fnlh-
rlr lrt,s rlurctitull(tt'[ilr Iinllllsruilnrl hu.1 ltirltutlrrrluru-\rutifitirlt sbtl-sbt1 rulur<)tlrrrldl,r'p 0nr0nltu rurr1t0.rlnrru li0 qu4s0lrf[' crpu-tilrq:
l.-l-ti0f n2 rlfrul0 srurrlu-rllrr 1b0f dfrrsblnr ru0ghru-
llrg ur4t0 fbq duntu0qrubu.lrl nrqrlnlplrtIp, urjlhrlrlusnuus hOf ruluor g0rpr-0h1nr, bpt lurrlb0nril tf,ru14 mq4rnpbur0 lurlpur0ur-\[r rlf Onr rursrurrulsnrpfir0:U10 lr01 rlfr0lbr ruldd fr4hrlrhhs htudbrtucfump[r0 hruu-srushlnr ffsfp ;4rugth1 brhbsrufifrntpbru0 runurr\u; tb4h1 rllrur.y0 hur;brf ft2,{brg[0 surrlr0brmd sh4lr nr-0hgrub rllr fur0[ rlrurushr, o-rf0u\, 1898 pr[r <r]rocur-!lr> N 6-nrd nr 1900 p. Nl-mrl sr4ur& 1o4trub0brp, lr02-nltu 0rubr Upsfr1nr,rhdu0-pt1[ fihr\u; \npp, gnjg b0sulftu, nr 0n;0 dlrsfll hn4 tqsbl bt ur4t0 !bu0f[ rlh-ruOthinr 6fqbr t ur0ntil'0ruhr ffrr4 [0st1[qt0s0brfdt!: Llhhr0nJ0 qru4rurlrurrlr
{ru1 tucfuursnrl0lir nrrtirl0hrbrru0 h0 qrullru br\nr\nqrlhg' rlurfuu0tu\ rllr !nr1-rllt, hr fr0fpuslr0fbtuO hrurtu-0tul1ur0 t 4un0nul tu10 li0-pu4rnrplr0p, nr tulurlhbsbthu1 frnu.r\ru0 hullhrulclunr-phru0 lu04lrrp ltrurrnq tqurqurfi ur; lrurdbf u,rsuprurturhl[ 0nluusurrnr. rurblf;urgnq qu.lrhu0otrrnrrI :
Utu\ruj0' 10ru.;b1nrl hrh-rnlpf pnpr nurufuur{r pour-rnrmpbu0, rlh0f th0f \urnqdur0\h1 Ubqru0frg, nr fr4ur-hur;lur[ru0 4tuc0ur\gnt-phtu0 [u04[rrg rurlt0 ru0-quf, brp 0tu hrurr4urrtu\ tgruthu, dhq rl0nrtl t rllrqrnrpbrufi dtp, nr ,lrr-urfiuftru,
\u0 dnrprlnrr4p p0nlncnrrlt [r f[ tunudnrl, ur10 t(parler de la corde dans lamaison d'un pendu> (fuouh1
nlurru0lr rlu.ruf0 rlb \rutu-rub! sur0 rlt2):
br [ru\rur4tu, bpt hurg-tililnr g0b0f rlbq' pt n'rrl-0lr9 t hu; dn4ntlmr4p, qn-lit XIX 4urrlr furu0ullu0prml1ur00br[g, ortor, urluturlftu, srurtg surfi urbflrsnrdhl, tu.;01ru{r smdh1, ru-lrurlr 0ru'2t smdbl ur0dfgru-nytu n1 d[ nrrfrc urqqnrpll-0lq, 4drurr pt qs0rlr dtUU,nr l4ustuufutu0tr' fr4lrg:br ruhu tu14 rlcsu\ur0 rlbrpc0ullnr, rlcsru\ru0 rlbr ur-rbrn4[, rlnrpn4]r, ruOr4rusrn-r1lr, sur02n4|r, dbr hur;rb0lr-fhg dhq glrrnrgu0 urOn4fr,
rll'r' rurlil[ilr t]t)trr1lr. rif luou-l.rrrl lrrulrrrplrr{ip tltulu srnqru.11 r4urur[ilr iluulr0 t, nrrlti0f hulbru tqtsf t luo-uh0f-1ub0f: rlrnrplrt0g ulh{rfu6 ruOn4nrf t, br lrhur\tnlurhru02rntf t turlb0rul0qqnrcnrpfr0 [u04frp pus
\urbpnl0 uurn0urursnr-phurlp lnruurptu0hlnr hur-fur:
tlf ur0qurtlul0 ru0hnu-dbcs t nlurqh1, nrn'0f h0ruJ0 n1u1rftu00hrg, tuJ0nlus6un0brp, nr hfll0rurn-rnrf h0 f!rr4-hru.y\ru\ur0hu\tunutlnrpln 0 0brp, br\rurh1f" t ur4hof 4rur0gurnu2O un0b1 br lr"0t rlh-gngGhrml:
Urqrbln{ lbn6brntrl htuurtuhurrpbrnril, mr hr\r[p0tu\tu0 hurusnrpft00hrpht l$uurpu{runurlu0-}uurc-Ounub \h0gru4lr0 .;ursnt\uuhrlur0ur{rruQ urr4lt0rupL-rnrp[r0p 2li0 rqurlrlu0urn-rntd fr4hrlr hulrltur runlur-hn{ \hur0f. 0ru0f 0hr!ru-.;u0nrd b0 qnlnrpbru0 !n-tntd lprht pn11 sul'r: trrup,nlru[i[r, dlru, pnrr4, pr4lrqnrhurlf0hr br flrl fur0ur-[lnrptiurfp hrug, ruhu u.10dpbrf0blp, nr rur4lrt0rupli-rnrf b0 fr4brp: Urhbus[rpuqftuqru0 urrsulpnrpfr0-[hr, prf0d, uq, crus Jru-dru[u hrug, drqhr hr10.,- ur1-ufr0f 0 rI! crurf runup0ur-\urq \b0uru\uO nllrsn;f0hr0nu0f qtsf t ustu0ur0 4r-ulrg, nrrlrc dnqntlntq0brlrg,hr 4rur hudur 0nu0f 1nt-0b0 nrrfrc rllr2ng fru0 l1nr1n-rrlnrs hr uqu00nrp[r00br,nrn0f surlr0hrlr p0pugfnrrl4urdb1 b0 <fr4ru\urO ur-4lrr0rupbrnrphtuO> rllr ru0h-rudbcs, hrurlurrbu dh<pliurlJtuli> rhuur hr qrur-qugdru0 crurqnrrl' ffrr4phuqfu t pturdrugbltrl[02brOuhurr4hsurllu0 gbqur\ru0u\qpnr0fp: 3h4lr curhp, tu-htu [r010 t 4bQur{urrntd6nu !hu0fp: ?p!u1 ru;4-sh4 urqqullr0 quqtu{urr,dn4n{r4u\ur0 rllr rurlpnq-2nrpbru0 hruu\rugnrlnrplrt0:?pl1ru6 tu34shr1 rlhnugur-\ru0 p04hru0nrr u\qpnr0f-Obr ni ur4ur0mpfir00hrlr, n11ur{csur\nrpln0Obrlr rlurulr0pt htuurururllur\urO br ptrftuu0ulnr \hu0fnrrl, 6lrc4ur10n1tu, h0lnltu furqtuftu-llup uqqhrlr dt2 rqbsu[urO[0f0urryrucsryur0nrphur0 sb-uru[tsfrg p04nr0rnrrI b0ryurshrutqrl[ urqruOnrplrr6-0br, jur{rcstu[nrplrt00hrbt10: U10 rurlt0p, [rG2 r4ruh-
23 tsftUlLuuts-lllurtirttd h glit1lt, lrrr6rulrr(in10lrul1 ru[ihurs;r.- ltut t, litlrtil \urrrriy l. t[tituutil{ilu0g' r[us: <8titlulllrg" l,t
"ru.l1ruqbrl" hrurlur{iltc li0<prulti\urd> t,r <Pc0uflr>luoufhrlr{i. pl.!ntq ut.11tugtt11g
llr0tr 0n1ti I'r'l1tu[1ru0 tuqqnt-plrr.0lrg: Ilr lrurutlrrr[itullr L,
nr' _1ru01;rufif 2t1rrr.11rtl f[rtttl;tlrrrr:rlrut'ur1;01.t'. tipt']r11u t11u-
srulurril t tulltuglitllt {rtu.;:U1r1 putur\tu0 1t: (tnr1n-
nlnrs tn unlu0tttpltt{i0lit'11,fprhr gtirllr br ur0hruslr ptu-rtrlllig rrr ptitu0 0nlruusutt trrtI[rgng{itir. tinl0ltuI rutrruflt-(irrrplrrti [i0 htutiurntttrl htqnr[uutufir rttf , rlrurnrupru0-rnrrl. lirtlrnnl lr0 lrprlit \st{t-dlr {rujb1 ltus\rlp[rt00tit':
" fl 2 prulnrg0tirp, tt'1 pt-
4nrlrfi0hrp. n1 lrutnltc0tirgbt n2 t1 lltusuqo{i0br'11 1ti0qtirutlru0gntrl 1'lrrlrl nlutsh-rurqtlruut r gtitltirlt0 [rrti0grurtn<lrullruptunt.;rtrpbtutlp tirur.pl p[iuqrltltu{i putulltu-0rrrplrr{i stul.ttt tut'tbustttl>,-ruurrtrl t Lllrrlt' tlh!1ltt0:
U1tpt1[urttI l'tutltu[tu\rpnt-ptiu0 nlrusttrrptitu0 tlt.2 lt01sliuur![r prudtutintd0tir[ t1hbsbrtrlnr 1lr{iti0f, 1t0t1ntOli0fStullprlr, lforqru0lr pl. Llt-nlbrslr ulrustf0lirp' ur.plrllrlit0rrj0 t,- ft't1brp, ltprbtrlbd rluruullp rllin prurlrut-ntu\ur0-lutucfiurrub ht gh-rltu\ru0 ullqpnt0fttt[ tutr]rltlldrultr{nrrr1. rUtsf t. tltuututllr-rti0 rltulrl\ru1lt0 ftutlutftutp.prupliru0 rruls0lr crgru00ti-r[rg' purrprurnutu\ru0 crgu-0nrd: Furpunruu\tu0 \b0-grurflr rllr dnrlnr[r'r1lr hbs tnrrbdo, rrr rrltsf t un1rbo
' hurllirp, 0ru0g tu0tlltgutl1uOhrurbrru00brgr, rrrlr0f utu-
\ru10 rlurqnrg h0 ns tlttftthll rurlurfrutlrpu\urti \titigutt;ltcrgru0p: U1u tuOptufus qnt-qru4lrr4ntpluOp f[ hr\rntd'brlnr surphr fuqufu\rPur-\ru0 \b0gtur10lirlt, tuhtu ttt-\U tut0 hlrd0tu\ur0 nlus-6run0br'lrg, nrn0f rquldur-0urrrrrnrd b0 ft'4tul1u0 nrhu1\ur\urO cutltbr[t ll sh-uru\ts0brlr phuq[r0 surph-
" rnrplt0p:
Ulrru Ocu0rutnr t4rulfru'0p, nrlr c0nrhlrt ru0otlt0tu\\blulntl unntf b0 flrtr4-lttul-\u\ru0 ;tururphl'nrplrt00ht'phr nr[ tuhnlillr uryugnJglldliGf shutu0f tllir orhrntrl,-4u ru10 stuf slrf 0 t, ttt'lt0hbstrnrrl t plttd \tunu{ut-nrtplttop lt0ntg ltt[br:
<Ornltu qlr fr4tirp hbnlttrI0u0 ru0\tuluntphru0 dq-
srrrdlrg, \runur{urntplrt0purc[urusrrrtl t firu0g qpur-rltigtilil rrrrlrc [rr0r1[rr'0blnrl:U111n1l,u, orlr0ru\. 0ut t1t'-
rprril l. fl'r1Lirlr0 .P-[rtt't{tuur-
sru{irrtrl runlnlrl (itiusoru-11ru00tirlr tId, lr01n1l.u fitubtrltuhdl.rlurtlu 00tir'lr0 qlr0nttll- frurlll,ruglr0tiltr l1ttl, fu\r[brplr00litlru' liqlrtl(itit'lt litfnllirlr 4ttl: Lru ur.lrprllrtrtttlurnug l. plilntrl lututtltttplrt0-{itrr ru.;0 flru\ Otqrusu!tttl,rrr lrrti0 npuhI qtiruqn;0lrcluru0ntplrr0g... ht hr4tu-sru! urrlu0r10brg ldlttu0tu0pOrlhru0nrr pc0urdnt 4lrl":
Ujrl tlltslttltttpltt00brpdtr0f qs0nrrt bOf qlirdru0ur-glr C{rulqhr-l-Lrlut0}bp1[rllr tucfuusntptiru0 tltg, nrIrru.rsulur\rtuD t 1875 ptlt0urr[i htisrulunrqntpht00lil'hlrlrrltu0 rlrrul, trt 1872 1873prru\ur[i0tirlr{i lr0dti0tir ?hr"0lrllr qlrtlul[ut'ntptirurlp rur-rb1 1,0 prrt0 Ofrrlllrustu{ilrttl({lrrulrurullr0 tllrguqbsf ):(lrrl .;ru1s0lr b6 fr4tirf dtitt-f n{ lpusurrru} bq[t10hrlt2tun111 1830 prlr0 \utl'1846hr 1tt49 llttu\ur00tit'lr0 (fttt-htudtrl-{rurcrullt (\ltrltsllt)rp'rlfrurIp Itiusoru!ru00hrlt\rrsnru0p, lr0lqtu 0urlit1860 prlr0 runlruruurullfrlrusn0liur0brlt gur4g, lit'p-pus rIlrhr0nl0 hb4[t0tu\lr-< plrrrf tirg qur0nrrl tlt0rp'ruq0lirlr lrtrs rllruult0, qrq-nblnd tilur0g'[ru0tuslt\nunt-pln0g bt rursultulsbln{ {b-rlr{i uuslrdu0[r 0h0qutlsnt-plrr0 nr \brlbunnl'ntpltr0>-rrrrl jurls0lr li0, tuutttd h0f ,ru.yu {ruuslirp, 0rur0g rltpsrururl;n1u 1t \urnq [t0li1lr0db0br Obt0ltlf llrutuglt4lrsnrlntpft00hr[ duulr0:3urslltuqlu htutbrhu dhru-ptiriludp' sur6\ru\tu0 0tt.1(i
surfslrfp, lrlturllL, ursuJtx.ls-rbg rurhllr unu\ur1lt 2rutlrb-rnr[: Anprrlru 1u1s0lt li0ru.g0 0hlqnrbur\u0 lurufunt-utu0f0trr11 frrlru\u0 pnlnr[ud4dnrplrL00br[0, nrtt0fnu1r1tur0 li0 br1b1 htulbrltlltrI: alurstlhrg 1nug0b1nrhullurr rIlrul0 llrctustu!b0f1829, 1855 ht 1877 pthrlrhur;\u\ru0 rlhb tutbrntd0li-rp fr4hrlr dhnfn{ bt tlht'2ur-
rytu <{udlltlttlt> l1uqdu-\brrrlnrp[r0p, nr[ llnlnrfprul0ftu0 rutlhsruphr \bmp{,ursruJuJsthg 1895 ht 1896prbrffi:
U[br0n10 <{br!0 uuslt-6tu0lr 0h6qturlsnrpbu0 br
\b{Ohf|> ultusttllt0 b0 ltb-shrnrrl br nllrslr hlishth00tulit nntu0brp, trltutuptu0b-
1rr{ lrul!ru\urti curdurrlp6lru1 l,t 6lrc4 plrtrftirlt r4l.u.ululr0f 0 [rprtir flr 6qsrrnI,nr' 0rrlusru\ trr{ilt btronlu-\tu0 nltisntpltt00t,t'lr tIltg0nr-
4urpliurdp ushrl}hl utir[ttu-
[tu0 htur\u!ru0 pruquttt-lrrrp[rL0 lir frrltirlrfi L0pur'-\ti1 usr\ur\ruli rllrdtulllr:Ll111n1l- u, or'lt 0 ru ! , n ll tuunlLulru\u1s[r q0r1un1bstrrurgo{l!, nrlr rustilntplrtfilrrltrqlt lttul\tu\tu{i lu0rylrpIrruu0nrtl | \nu'lrrphu0 0rr1-
0lru\ tu\0lirtit t[tuusbrlt tu-nu9, ttn{Utuult llurrubrtu-\tu0 tuclururhu.rqru\u0 p0-
!hrnrphrufipr rxtur0 lrr qli-\nrgrlu0 tlt2 uuntrl t.
. Osrur. rltit tlrrruqlf p
tu0qllrru\ru0 rprlntil0tit[ (?)
uqrlhgnrphu0 su\. {hr9[t0surf 0brrntl fturpuf 0tirlt ltur-
lbrlr tir hnqtrutrutlru0ttt-ptituti rltp u\uth1 l. cur-dnnl' lnu3\url1ur0 urO\tulunt-ptirufi rlhltu0nlrtqdtu0 litdurrlrrrq 1l'tugru0 {u.;tuusut-tilr {tilru}0nrpliur0 ltrurltur...{ruu[ru{iur1lr L urslilnrptlu0rul0 (tqugdnl0fp, nr Ouqtigfr4hr[ rlt2 rltnylr htu;lirp,ru10 rllrsf p, pt 0rut0f , nr\rutlrlurtl tiO br\r[r t?) ruq-qrup0tu\nrphu0 rlli0urdtuu-tiurplrrfip, 11p 1lr0tiO h0prur\-rru0 (?) lunrrunltu utrhur-rfturtnrl bt n1-nlustiruqfru-utr {rrrfrtuilruu0ntphut0 (?),
pnprrn{[r0 u0stufitillt t tu-rlt0 rllt rltuhrlbrpu\tu0lt, dur-0rur ru0l1 ftp'lr lturltut'>:
Ilurlg hurl\u\ru0 |uo4lr-rp lrr rurdusntf tublpllitnt\nr1l0ru!ltg q0tltutrlhsp fr-4ruulrrnrplrt0lrg lt, nr luo-untrl tr lrulbrf 4ttl: Ultutpun lun prun Ot'ur luoufhrpfr4brlr rluulr0, nrnOg {ru.;0ru 0urgnrd t. 1n\ rtfirllrrul0nrrruur!utti slrrurrrltistuQut0r1|lsnul0lrr'lr sbutulltsltg, lt01-nltu sru6lr\0hry' su6\u\tu0qtir[cluru0ntpbru0 sbutu[t-slrg:
<€lrrr4brlr nltusfntphtuOsbunrplrtOlrg \urh$ L ltut-0h1 rllt bqlur\urgntp[tt0, nrctus \u-rrbrur t q0urhustilntllurlurr u1u \u-rrl u;0 \urb"{r qnr0nrlnrpltt00hrp €lttt'-4lrusru0lr0 doslt\ br\ltr0b'rnul' 0ruqu} furluftu\tu0purrynplrr00lirlr durrluOtu!:Ar4!0 ctus f[2 t ]tu0oPhulrliOtuulrnttphu0 qqug-rlnr0fg urr0 dsfnr[, f01 tls-fntl, htuu\ur0nrr! bOf tlb0f.hrurtusurrlnrplrt0 sut6lt\\tunur{urntpbtu0 utrlb0bt}t0
1nt0ti0, prulg puttlttllut0 qo-rhq t qqrugrlnt0fp t[q[ gb-
lll! bt orur qfiututnrg>:
br ttlr".t}'rltirp cnrsurlur.;p ql,0-
flr rllrrltiln{' 0rr.;[i urrurqrrr-ptiurrlp t1 uun2rurl b0, hL0gnr rllrtlu4rnrphu0 li0 lrru0'rllrqnrrI: ttnrlrnlnrslr lurqugr0r'tufig rltg qtirruqru0gnul t0n1fi lru\ lrrurusrultlnr plrr0lrgr1l.rr;lr cLl[up: .2ru1tu1lr flrlti-lp hlrstirnnl h0 c[u Otl-rlnrr-tur1u.;lr0 110ry1trl Irli0ggtirlur[glr, nrqt ptuqlt 4t'ur-0lrg' ct'punpustut) t tp'o{iut-t1ru0 hthulfn{: Ulr luoufn{'fr4hrlr pnlnr qnr}tr4urplrt0-0tirntf tirbrnrd t n1 pt lh-rlurg\m0 bt hurdurr6ru\ rllrdn4nt[nrr4, u11 rltu;rb0lt \n-r1nqslr10lir, nrn0f u0[0l1nr-0ur\ b0 nhrt trrtlurrruslitgru0ftirf lir nlusrruus liO ur-
rlt0 pur0 qnhtil t[tu1r\liGut-
\ur0, qlocurllrO ctultlr0>:br lrhrurtll: ru111 .t[ut1t'\ti-
firu\tufi , qlocurllr0 curhlt0>prururlurrrrplrrfi srulttr hur-rlurr tl ru' 1829 ptlr0 nntu-stu6\ru\ru[i nlustirruqrllrdrurlu0ur\ \ndu Quu\litllt-11r, hurlturbln{ .lllrtnllrusur-0lr lururluulrrtp[tt0p nlusli-rurqtllr ;ugntprrpllu0 clllutu-tirr n1u.1rlru0fi tirlrg rIhtlp,pn;lsrrrrplrr0 usugtur 100huqrur rrutllr 0u[uuhlnt fr-rfrrlr0 10OtuOlir pudtu0hlttt0l4tusu\n{:
ttlir2runltu pt \urhlltru0sliu un0b1 tltiq htistufrf-rurl hurrgltf 0tubr \ro0lt0cu0ru\nrpln0p:
. Curstir0 liO dfusntil \t'o-611 4tirp flunl-lru1[ur\u0.lrul'upbrnlpht00hrnttl, putlgrlliq purrrl t, nr rI[ [po0, n-
rlr dtg rlrullirlt p0pugfntdurhlrndrtbl t rluhrltqu\u0urc[ururltlt hurrlturbu pnlnrrlsr.urnr-punrlulut0 \btu0f p,
rlh hro0, nrp qbnuqntG qh-
lrurlrur l. lrru0rlltutugtil tluh-dhrlruItu0 rqbsntpIt00lir[trurlpnrlg fru4tuftu\ru0 \tuc1-rlft dtg. rllr lgo0, nr <qbtu-r{ntr> }uoufirrl u10fur0 luu-sort0 prudtu0ntd t tufpnq2br'\ruq04lt ruJturqro0 stur-rlirp "rllrrutullu00brfg> tllt
\ro0, nr lhurqrurtlt ru0ttr-0n{ \u1ntd t [r hoslt0.( nlurslirurqdbgtf tu0htuttus-0hr[ hbs tl[01bt !p {bru-0ru1 urlb0tu10 tllt 4lttlu4rnt-p[t0, tl[t02bt Ulltuhlt htuttu-sp \p rpun0rul d[uu\ \ro0pruc[ururhlru drtu.g. tllt \ro0,nr (hurpu[> t u0ntd [r ltti-sbrnqOtir[0, tulpulgo00lit'ltrurlrt0p hr tutur-\rrqtlqnls[.dlr \ro0, nrlr nlursqurdfihrllur;0f ur0 hruf ulqtustuuluru-0mrl b0 rlur0utttu04 fr4brlrpnlnr rlurlr'h0lt p0uq40br[0,
24tsftULLuuh -1rititl prrtrd l, tuuntd bOf, nrrulrprl[rulr rI! [ro0 th \urn41nrfib0ur1 rllr nrnc tlhrpflrrrrl-hu"r1[urIur0 hur\unu-!nqrfr00brlr lu04rntri: U.14-
r4tu h0 0tulnrrI hurglt0Oubr Sud\tuusru0g nr lru-lurlp rloslrg nrunnl0uruluubprrlnr htiqlr0rull0hrp, ultttuddhr ru0rhuh Cu.$$ltltg tih0-
2lir L-0qb1hur14 (Sutd\uru-su0 hr f}ru6qlulup), Qrf0({,urJl,lurllu0 dq0uduttlp bL
cus nlrlrcObt:Uhu, rltrr \ur{rfnrl, ut.10
qlluurnr qnr'Oo00hrp' fr4htfpurrpurnuru\ru0 \b0guq11,sudlrtl nr nmu \urnut[urnt-pll00brlr srufslrfp br rluhtlt-4tu!ru0 l1ro0g, nln0f utuus-
ltunltu rldturug0nrd b0 htnllrsf 4lin liru rldtrunugOb0f lrrr'4-hru;t1ul\ru 0 hutlhruc-lunrpbufi qnrbp:
{hshrhul lorpubntd \pf00ti0f hr\r'nn1 lthsufrfIrhturgp, nr rlh0f 4rlrOf {hrbt:
trfl? €t'hOrlbnhllrtir\u1 \n1ltg squqr-
uu0 fr'4brt0 ht plrufblt0 [i-qnt0hlnrl, 500 or[0u\ rt-rlul'\ru0 t "'lrocu\lr" lutl-ptuqrnrphu0 uru0lrg tlbnloru rurllru urtnr2: U.1r1 !n-pp, rrr rlbq lru6bfr t htutLu-rb1 u-rrdruqru0f 0nruprupn2flnr'4 cturdrlu0, tlbfif lur-rlul' 4rusliglr0f lrrursurulh1<nroctutltnf>, tllttu;0 tuldtl,hrp pnlnr orf0u\0hlp tut-
4t0 nulurrlrur0 h0 fdrfu-htu.;ruusul0 fr4hrf tlt2 sur-rulhlnr hurdur:
€lrrn1hr.I-O2rqtu nr dur4u uslttl-
ru} t rllr2ng0br l4rusruruslillrr tu060ru!u0 nlusm{p lrrqnlntpln0g qurhr4u0blnthruilur, rul0n1tu ult ftu0hnr dlrurllt0tu\ tu0\tuLhllt P1-
lurlnrl run1rlr1, p0tu\u0t0hrur\u4nrub t pO\bru\u-0ort0 rul4r'lr1: \rut r4tsf lt[u0ru;t frb0 npus\tu0ubhuuurtu\nrpbtu0 htudurrruc[uruslr1, r4ucst4tu0[t1 tu-Onr hturlprut0 nt nluslrtP, nr
\hur0ftti ulhth untrp t, ur-
r4uhnrlhl p0sur0[ff ru04tutl-Oblnr0 ur4urqru0 hr frr hrul-rb0lr ultru} hn4g qucst4ur-0b1 pc0rudlt0brnt0 4trl:
Uunr hrudur tuft0 drultt-
{nrlr1 lrr urqqur.llt0 nlrucs-rqtu0ntpbur0 shuur[tsf0 lttu-rihrhus curdhlnl t: tlnrf
,
cusrt0g t, dhq fturlurfur\r-pnrpliu0 tutll-0 shuu\ 1tu-rru2url[rrIntpltt0fi ttLt0, qlt-snrptru0 pLurlrf0bt'l0, tuqu-qnqrlnu0 tirgru0lntpli0t0 qr-ltrirl tir rllifirrot'tfi ontlutl-
nub 2runuqnr0nrplrt00hrn{{br2rur4tu u.rc[uurhlr un2ht6hr hurlpur0 nt rqtuslrrl u-nusumrrul UF4htt {uilf4[t0br u0nr pn0rurnr qtucso-0bru0hrnr0 rucfutusltl btu-nur1h10t4 qurs' nrrlrc Puro2tf p0hr: Oruslrcruhlt0 hh-nutnr 0lqursru!1 dhq 6hrsqfsnrphur0 ftg r1uhh1 t,urslrr hurrlurr, dhr ur4 {lr-
pnfimpln00hrp 6lt0\fq-[uut-0[r0 nrlnnllru hruOh1 \ntsru0:Uc[uurrhf urrurrurb qlrstrulu pru0brp, 4ntf rllrul04hn 1tf frlugbr:
U0 lr0f 0[rb0 tututlt]tupn{ !ut, }r01 Ugut gut: Cbrrluru[r0 lr qnr] 4nur] pn0m-pln00hrnr0 npfuurf qtuhOurquO4h1nr bt lrtnufu0-,rrrg dt.tdt\ uthuq[0 {nr'
0lrfg ht 6hr sm0shqP: Cbqurbrlr nt uturlr tlqnq {u[r-0br, rllrtptururf|l0br, qui-rlruqull0br dbr 6hnf Put06qtgh'0 rur4bof, Lr fu0tu-tu04 lr01 ru nt0tltf uur0b1-
[t0 qrus' lt' nr 6hr qrusltr0ur1 unlr0: Utrsntbnl ht U'tur-qrultfO turqlrlub unltu0nt-plrr00brt0, pulu0nul0hrt0oqnrs fu4blnt 1ul[ sqt's
drulltfi oqnts fuqhlml, u10-fur0 lurlrf0brnt drnfuurt0'cnr0brnr0 fu\ 2p04nr0urb'rIt\-hr\nr qru sttu0cur0nddbq \n rlrru;{tu;t: rLntf ltfhruu\firul' ru luJ4 0ctu0Obrghr rqursrur0cur00brg dbruqqullr0 urdu0tunlusrnt-phru0 br dhr ur4uqu;!.\n-mruslrO q!00 t:
€lrrr4b'r. Urbtbflt gt4brnrfi rltg t0 \srfdp,'t0 luh-lurg[0 ht t0 dnu2u00 tf.u0 hn4[ nlucsqu0ntpbur0Ittardiur, nfut0 (ll'ttl.| 6trf blli.suuurr4ntpfnOp ruOgntgu0'tf, dullur0ur{t rlp [r{hr }r"01brunrulnrpfir0 rlursnrgfrf :
Cbq p0ru2lt02 p0b1 ntqrulrlrus[rcruhlr0 dullpnt0 ur10-
fru'0 hnqlr0br qnh stlrf, 1r"01pr[f Qfrr4fusur0lt lqlucs-qu0ntphtu0 hudrur: Cbrbr\lrrp \urq ilg utuqut1r4tucso0bur0hrnt \brntdu-nu\ 6qblnrl br ru0dullp ur-
0n0g usrnr\ Otunulntp[t0-0hr p0b1t qurs' lr'01 prtubtf:
U0 puqturnrE, nrnr0lututlrbur: t publn{ hOtu-qur04ht nrqt glrf , ut.10ftu0sqt-s tf, nr 2tf ltdtugu} ptpn0tullurl br qtuht0 {urrun0hlnr rurdruOlr ftltO t:Otus[cruhlr0 luutllt$ur1 u-0nt0lr0 sru\ \usrunu} 2tur
dtu0f b4n4 nlurcso0hur0hrnr
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rtO [rh0g p0sut0[tfp nt ruq-qnrplrt0p uqursbglr0 nr br'gut0llll lr{ru0:'l.lttf rlirilrlrl.0u[ ur14 shurull uqqtirtOor[r0url1 urn0h1m, [nur \gu-nlur0tf ht tulur4lrun{ nrdhr-0fr4 pnrlug0hln{, dbr tfiribb pc0urillr rlursfctuhlt pn-0ur\rulnrpbur 0p lltuclutusltfurtbllr nt urhllr urunlurtqsrut:
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\urrq rlp ur0qurcsnlur0hulbr urqtu00blnrl' 2t' nr4nrf !p fur04tf 6br hu;t'li-
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lnrplr0tihrp Up4lrLl {rudlrri[r h0ruq0rltiql_f trr ru0rrr hurilh-2runulp'rprrptrrudp ns0u\rr[u rlLus crur-dtigl.f: i]ur-qtiql.f hrp0hprtl. hu.lhr'1r gLurrllr1tilui, rislr11 lrrtf dbr lrrltriurtitrrp.ru.;u tir hu0rytrrdtirul ruc- tiriltrllriitirlr: trpur4ruuhil nr[uurrltlt rllg rlt ] lrlLusruu- durritu[itu\;r qtu;. lttictul1uhluru0rusrnrpliLu(i sur\ 111r (runrug LlusrLub) Lloslr\ clur-dql. dl-iq: I;pl. rlrrLf u0rrtif ritufiru\I.fi ur0duilp tprrqrud1ur'2urrt-f [ir htur]usr.uhrull.f t r 6hqlr hlis ft!sti11 \tuc-hur!r-ur hurusruhunru0lr0 luruslrf: U1u tutrplrr lrur[ ti-
{rtdlu0rllrr Uusnubp dhdru0rrluslrtl !r 6qtrr:
.8lrrrrlb'r, u1 htirff tu.1uhu0 ru4ts nr drulunrrlnr-ptrur0 nlu-rsdurr [i11trrl ru0-
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Ulu ruiloptur-rusL0 lr'02-rytu nllrsf tlufltf dhr ruq-qu1lrO nluslrrp: Uclurusligtftltit- hlr0 ruqursnrplrr0p 6hufpht't,1nr hr dtrr ut0gtrrul bi'-gru(i11nrpln01r hs llurrdfiblnr:br.tif surlr L 6hq urp0g0b-lnr [ir 6ttq rucluurrh[r0orrrti290tilnr hrurl,ur rrlolut[iu-r.1r1 [irrlrusru\n{ r"uqrus L-r-lorryru tutigur.l hL hn0 rlhrrtrtlqlr(i rurILfi llt'r'il1 .llunrx-gurllrilrrrphu0 huriurr<-{2lrrlrllrusu0> ru0nr0 1ru-q[rr tlp hrusururlhgf: U10ritrcludhr)0hrrrr0, nrnfiq hlisl;1r prpuIiJlrd, luorrl'[it'0rrr0
rlrud prufif nr lutirurifgtllnLlu htutihlnL lrruriur' q1-
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4lr \ugnrpln0p. \nrir crgru-0f0 .1usnr\ ritir 1rulru.r0sludurrlr'nrplrrfi {iLr p 1rfiprugl)q \hLutiflt ru0lbsru6qhllrnluluu0p0tl'p' ribq pltl1 2ti0stulfu hhnurnr rurququr.;lr{ru1 hlli0trl du.rilu0ru\ur-lllrg rlbr huqulirp lir qnr}-0u!ur0 bruq[rr'0tirp:
Uhu u.1r1 sburu\Lslrg'f Irrrl-hru;\ru\ru0 hru\unu-tpnplrr0 0trrp n1Lul riur 0 uuu'nr1qlfuurnr nlusdunfitirlr ur-niu20 run0tlnr hturgp. [rpr.t,Lrurilusru\ru{i bi flrhrfirr.10dtutiurfiurll cus llrut'tl rllt'b.tl; lltuttntl lrt' trrriIn11p ft1q111s1,
1rt{ qpurlbq0lil tltiq: Ultl-f t,ru\iu0 \urhrnrnrpln0 rrr-0hgnq illnu\ lu04lrrp nuhil0l4p rifiur1 ur.10' pL 1t' Qrurtrllriut'4tof , qn0t lrulsGlr 2ru.{n{. ilhr1tirug0ti1 ur.111 hlrd0rul1ru0 rurqtrlftitirlr rl0uuur-phr p0turnlrrrplrr0p. llur[' nr-r[rc fuoufl,r'nL[' 11" llrultilhurrrltrof 0nltilru! urldrlbLu0hu0qrudru0l'fihntnl qs0b1 fr-11 ru11u0 \lirrrtif nr rI rrn'ltculOnllrulr qnrlo00tit', rln0fllurnrl bfi. bpt n2 orlgorqurrqrug 0ti1 f lrrltl,lrur.l[1ru-llru fi hru ri h rru cfun t plr r 0 Up0rlhru{inun1tu, qn[iL srulilb<1 nbrt hnrl riuufirulllr. sti-
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FFUI, Luuh--l[il,r' lrtuusrustrlrrr hurtitur:
Un1t.[iutrlr lrr' <.flturlurfrLr-t1 ru ti hlrri 0 rultlnr plrr0{iLrlrt1urqrugilru0" LIl.2' luouhyrtl. rrlrushlrrrrlrluul.t lruuurlr.u,tlrrpltt0[itu.lr s[,urullll> rlru.l,ruurrr ri 1.. rrr' [inutiq ril.y ..
cus nrdtirl l. h0rurlur[irllilrnp{iruqrlp> lir lrtirlhu\urnrulllr'< ur [i h ru sur tlru [i (i ru lrru d ti n-0rrLplrr tilr [1uc\ru{irirru} L>,nr u.pprllrulr huruurlurllut-plrr0titr'lr ilt9 lrclurrril t" lllrur nlr"uhruti Irrurtud Lu.1[inr-
grlrL[i hr unlurutrrlulltu0nr-Ptitu0 tyrrttnlrrti". rtrlr c[ilr'-hlrr hurrrurrrr[lrrrpl ru0 nlbsp.runurg(ir;r r;p hur0rllturir0ntd l.< t11 lrr rrr r rr r rll,rut\rusrullllrttr(il ltt ti": rltrrtulblrll ru.luptirllrtu [irrr r 6ciltursrrrplrL0lrflrilirlrti' nltsf l. shu0tr[if. nr0rr.1[i qtirlLu\ru0 u\qprn0fp,rur {inu0q tll.2 l'rurluf u!rpul1ur0 ru1[iftu-0 .1[isruri0ruqrp.l4rlir"u0 lrus\ur0lrc L. urfilrritrq Irlisuft'ft'rrr1 lutirp lr sh-uu[tslrg rllr unullrlrrrpluti.nt-0 urdrufilr I. runru[i6lr[inrcullrnrphur0: <)0rrlhlrLtrr.;t1 u[1t;Ir11[iIlr IIrlL't'lr ril.phudnqbl. or'lrtiu\, rilr glirlur,nltislr tl-1 rurluulr, rlll') \tuti'illr \ro0ruqhslr (ct.1lu) r1urilrtrrfilt.l0 L' pt hurrlnqlillirru ruilpnr12 qbqp. nrO lrr< t1r'urrnrut\ru0 hurdrudur.l 0nr,ptiru[i > tilg'4lrst rilru.ltilr0ruqu0llrtrl lrr lrcluurtiLu,rrrrfihrlr0 tiL \rusurtrl 0rur0t1
!urr,il'g: €-ru11 Lu f ut;rp ru\ur [iruLtillr purdr crgu{i0hlrrrrl,lrhur\t, rritistrr[r [icru0url1nr.-plu01r \hur(il'ntil' urulrdu"r(iru-
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2t usnrlrtiti pnq0til (tr.urqru!l-ritufi trrtrrlr6ru{ifi hrlr rlr ru.;,rttr huruulu!ru!ru0 .1u-u'u-phrnrpfr00tir[ 2turhuqtufigniurq h0. nrr 2\u0 ptuqrhu-phl hlrri0rur\nrplrrtitibr.ilurrt1\ru1lr0 qnr&rL[ituLpLui0puqduqru0 6lt4kr, quulu-{rurr0lirlr ufiptirlhus ilcur-\nrilO. llhru0flr Onlru[inr hn-ur"0f0tir" lrrh01; ricsrullur0rlrnlururpurd urqrltignrpll{i-0brn{, p0rlhurlrrrd[ilrrnrIhL10: blp llur:pllrf0 lrr hlr-rnufilirlrg " Q-nrcu\nrllrfi "qiislirlniti t. fnlbrf dlr ficru-0rurnr ctllr.rlr rios, nlp " tilronur.1 rit2 \rulnrl t 10 \Luti20 liuqrur dfrurnr' 4nrruplirLtD, \uri tiip' luoutilrrr[hur.lbrlr riurulr0' 0u, Uuputilrpbrutint[. 1;ur t .1u1stitrrrI,nr hrultir'1r uq0itu\ru0ntplrrO.,rr fitt0. I'l lir lr[il'p "^l hru-
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"Ltlu rlurllr lllrrrlrq u\urrr0'ilruutiurrnlnll,u lrnrurur.; rllir'-9lt(i rurcrur.rutiflrq .1lisn1 strrllrruttiliqLu0 flrlur\urfi rutrlrrsurri-pnLplrr0tit r'lr.r.1 cruslirlr tu[i-ctttcs 0nlusur\ lrrtil,lr0 c1t,ul'phrtit frullufru\ru0 ru[i\ru-futttplrrt.i: [flr02tir ru0tlurIrlruldtrr hrlruti hlril0titnr ilh
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\unur{tu rn r1;bru0. frt.r1t.r-[uru0lr runlusurdlrnrplrrtilr(1846). bqrlutic[rrlr \rrlltibr'1rtl8-5:1). rilr fru[ilr qtishrf ur-ntupturlltilirp (rrurlr0lr rtlr-uruq lrlruilustrultti' pti4rlttistu6lr! \urnur{urnrpbru0(t876), CL;lu,lrpur1nL13uh[rdruuqIr1r Lilrhr0nl0 risfnrl(1880)'urlrru dlr fu{ilrup u.1rlrltuusLrlrq:
U'[rt r0n.10 srufurp'ntpltr-01r nltsf t. tir0lr fr 4hr'lr dt p(itutiL rllqlr rrnru0hrp: .Pltltlrtltistir'lrg ctustrr0 h0 lruu!ru-0ttrd, ur r)nrurug slrrrurrlt srrr-pltt tip \ulusruptil t lrrL0g[ilrus nr quglr, lrlb0q urso-
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bqlrltilir'lr rlrrrlrrrll-rltutqru[irilr tirq ur.;rr lrioul[l'{i I. rr1ur,rnr0ruqnrri. "firrlh[ilr[i Iu[itu-.lnrri t llliur0lI tir rilrru.l[it1[ttu\libr t hru[irnil rltrr'[rr1-
riutilrg. lrull rfucur0 hr'lrsru-urur'4tihrlr r.ur'lrL{i[i t Juilnrii...U0lrhf hqorp nr qrlp lnr-0h"...
O'rlttl' bti fr4lirlt hurirurruj4 (qnlp lnr0bgnrl hqor0tr-rpD. plnrftir[, nnru0br[ pl'hu"r1hr1r... U0[urbllr t. nr fr'-rltir'lr tllg .rqsfirti0 lrrh0qt1rrt plrr [i1r ltiururllrrr[iur.rr11111([lrsurll(,ntl rrltislit. t)ilI[if.'llullnriru[iulti rrr.;u hrrrlqlr[irrlursurrrlrrrrrtilil ur.l(i dl;rnrl.ttrlt lrtutiturrlrusrrruluttrtirrrrl I.
Irr'Irtiq [ir rllir {rnluLrrrlurlr'rctulttrt lrIi:
(lttr.;ty Lt rlL[i I lrru.;[rlrrrrll.sI l. turtirutil' ru.p1 tllrsnrl;tytttplrr{ip tirrutirl {ilirc{i11,1 :
tJ'lrur.lti ryr.ur hrrrrltur- rili(il2rrrtiliiil' nrrhc rllrgnq. furtirilil ul,rlrrullLu{i rrrtllir'1t lrurlrrstuq[iiipu lir lltr0tlrutilr otlr.tiru\tit,r'n{ rurqurqrrrqru[itrlrrr.lrr illi{i f lr{illnr[iull t tilIt;urcsrrlru[ili1 [itrl trt crUsttrlitpurl [iruhL ri[,r- hurrtirur{ifi hrlr crulttiryr: rl'rrr(ili[iur[il'rur.;11 rrrcllr. 11'nr[ilitiru[if Lrf'lrr rt1 t1ruc(irutllrq[itir': l,u-rllrrrruru[1 r1l-rrlf nrrl lrru;lir'1r ul trl lrdlin{isrrr rq[rslr ri0ru0 I'r'r1br'lr
Iturrirur' lrpllrr lrrul'usruhrultrr -
p[rr0tirlr l.ir pLulu[ilr runur'-\tu.;. fru[i lrpllir tllr0urlllrg-0hr' p{ir!rLu[inrr pc{iurrilr[ihr'lrIlt ri:
E
Q0np 4[rilLu0!urr., qnrd' lurllbs 1u!np1ur0fr
rrr.;rrrrrsur[i1t r/rul7rrr.srrrrutfut.llt[i furrstitlltlnu nltunlnrnc hr|.ll,rtttl
t U'litlrnr crgtuAp iut.ltuusut0ltlnurulut-1lt[i. Il t\ttul1 t]un,lru.ttlr: I)-htlrltli lrutJrrq Urhrlrftlrrrrlttltlr rllt tltLru[ilrl11t. ur.luorpruqluil lttu7IltuQrufi trlutsnt-lturti L, Qti0uurllnA 6ut[iut.r4rtult. rtuttlrtrrttlutrruQuA [ictLtiruQm p1 n{i fin(i urly1qfi :
ilisrufrffu l: Uhtylr ut0rltutiu.srtttlrtrpu0nrit.lut Ap, nrp ht urtnttu{idAutltutsnr Q t' Iyur4rlruil{rurQutbAhrI unt tusrrrlt.l ut 0/r&.s: 4us 'Lhtn0t1 Ullrcur0lr.Ullyl0 fr uAtnAli ustut1h1, IhAnLLl tu.1[ishr1 ustugtlntl ru[int-crulrud IhtyrI nlrustutttr(:Lcu[itu{nr ucltttut'}tuqhsUttttluutr L!lhslru.luttilt tu li4u litttnutt>rutyurrlp lltLtt4nuI t Il-liryrrrr l urtlqralhrut[ ptllttl t'lurtut1rtr1 rlhqrlr hhs: U-liQ ur.1(i shLttttlTtrslt Ituu[tudtu.1li. l4arsr)ilrlItli. tIt I't'lt I!t ctttll I;rllritr t1
ltu.,qntrIIt (i utli<tb1 l. ut.lusltrlntlt't lutlltl Il-htyut <llttiltti. hluurltlrrtlit'ltt1 ytLultulltu0,sltl I:. "t1 1,fint ;1. lirllut0. ur.11 tllitylr>. trtltItuttlulr 1.1 tlru.lrp lrr1rll,1 tI)'I't1rlr: ltttnttl li0 litulit. ltliIrlr Il-tirltlrti rtt.1t1rr1liu l. \n;1t,1Ir(irttti ut.llisltrl ltclurutiutp.itttli/lltusrrrsurr) ttlttttttlttl tttrltitltttrlrrrusr ll-liltt ltlt trt0rtr 0ltq :
Srrl.rrrr)/lr 661 I'tun. llti l:.trrlr lltrtrlrltrtt[ t irtt.lruustu[i]ti i tr (i r tt t rt1 h stt r 1t.7 tu li sru r ur 0 l' lt2.2 srtllntrlt: iru.lutusut[ilr .17
Irur;ullruli ctrtilr[iliLtlrqr'ilrurQti t. nr [[rutltLrtliulituQtrtttlrrlrtrtituQlrtl I, hrlil' nllisurplttrAlihrlr. rut ltt tttttsfltq 1tu.Itrlghr uttilr I,[il-0tu\rur iru[) ru,nlhsnt1t.1Lutilt. urhrhlflrtl' Uty.p Lty ut 0lt i ut 0 r u ttll'sn r 1t.1 tu Ii 1r.hurut(ltu' Itru[ilr ltLtl tutlru.Qtu Ii i u 0 rut tr lltstu 1t.1 tu t p:
ltruftltltlirtu0lr Iti Onpr.lttutllr crgur[i]r ltlis uurlttltuliltIirQurnrplntfilr lluqtmI l. 27I!rI hr rutiqtinnf Qurtitlfulnrrltp rtt r6 rru t1 | r t hn fi ur c t1 1trrr.1 tr r! ;
Il t p'plip tu li lr im A ruurlhsl,:r. p1 tu [i!)rutiqbltuAl crprufif lths. nrpnrnlliu rlsru[irltulnr \rutllurllhs4rut(tlLufr t L'Li, lrifAunlucs-n1tu0nrp.1tu{i nrdhrl \n4Lilrt1.urulttltu0li ruligfinrtl I_ Ifbrlrnt1Ii n Aut c r11t ur.1 lt I t u r ru I, ur r fu Li,
1,1tuA 6.1nrtlttttlrtrntp.ltutlp hr nr.Qlt lO UI lirQurntp.ltufi: Itrut-Af lilis urulrrtutlif lirQutnnplnt.tip Qturlfinut t 12 Il[ Itr uttitl0rtld Unufu qhsn4: iJntnhwutlIl-tirlnrt thnAuc4trtruA' 59 QIhr\urnrpltrttfp. prudruAnul I{l'hrlrltlr h Ututtltu0f crguti.0hrp:
9-sAlhpttl tuttulyultf hurh-tuAnrpluA nlursnrI hr m0h-[iuprl tunutfi6IiLuhrusnrll tuc-luurlnuqnu\ru{i tllrrf. U'h4rnrcrpruAp \urlinr [icrit[iutQnr.-1t.1tu[i t 6hnf plirnrI lnu|nu-nlhsnrltluA uuhtluA{.ibrf urt.
trnULLuuh--827t
hwfin U1hfutufr1wfr.
Ifhrlrnt urcfuurhurqnrulprtr bt
pntlpLttllLtt (itr t 1t 1tu[i hwrqnut :
I)-h1lth$lt tunuAd Awlr Lus'
Qnrp.ltutfp Ub4rfA thnAurypA\srslutt rtruQbrfunrlpttl cr-ytttfi L: U'ltgltli putrdrrnplnt{i1tt'nullt tItnll Lrutqttlfr.cl lttuu0rtrLlt 800 1000 rl.: IlLlhitugmr)tllhsp 375 rl. t. uuIlitupurdry'3266 tI.: lt)urbu\lrutl ilrAh'prl 2utiqhqtnrfi br U-btynr
1l;n(i rtrctlltttt Iihrnl hr tuTf lr1rliQifu rnl furutlrLiLtrl. dnrltrlttir Qlrrdhrf purtlL[tutltu0rtt-
lt.lrtrtlp. U-htytrr crgrutifi f rIrulrutlut.lltli hutstlutilttr tl tu-rtrtt06[iruAttitf t Ihrdurruf-u.1ttr0 ltnlsut.llA qnsnl. nrltlnrrushutull otutllut I thnAbrfq r Q n t [ :,!,1 n L u ]t u-u rh t tl s.1tu Iirlruunrrl trtnlltu Iifi nhllt:fhlrurunt1rurltucsw1lt[i <1hrhrp'srn4Alirp LiL lyurlL4r:
U'fuym cryuQlt lir\rutptn'tiurllttt0 llturuttgttltnilfp llurtltt-rlutii t qrutilrsthrlg, qruArt-sntfi nrfit10ltrlt9l ht rln[iqn lilts-{ihrfit1 turtttrputqrluiJ ]t0srntq|4tlLucslir[g:
tt ilr tt ut.l h tu tt ru Ii d A 'll.ltttt s -
l1trr1t.1rtrli(i tu.t[i t. nr ltttltutItt-lip 10 llLl hrllutntrp.ltLttlp dq-rlrnl crgrut1r ltLudtuirlturl I: 6
11 1lt rI ut.1 tu lltu {i li ti ptuqtr slt fi hrl[ti rd u rh r u tlttr r 6 u1 ]t 0 lrg ttlr li "
2tu gntrs upLpuli qnsf, lA2pptulltuttfQ brhu1r.11t L ltwArw'nfi s n r p1 u A s u rtu tf ntrl :
PiU\2ntp1nfip Qtuclttnrtl tttrrstulnrurnlhu I5000 tlturl;. crr12 slirlruprucfruluit l: crputil jturlirn4t sutrutdd.lt PA4utIhAP 1262 fruu. 11rf. /trusrlrurlrlrri: SU'lrpfiA fusnrp.1m6p I ftun. \[ 3Quqitrttt t 20 tlrun1: CrgruAft 5ltllutll2tttl).1fitlllt llttt.lt ttttt L a
{ rrr.yrrrusrulilr .!, tu Iirut4hsn t - f,1t.1rr'ifi pautl2nrplua o.i4 211, frIt ttrltttuuA{ibrlt ruquhnlnr- d,
1t.1tu[i hrutc]trltf t ru.t0 huA-qtudru[if p. nr crgtu0]t hrlprttr rf Iiii tu]tt r rc n r pAuQurtlLulLtit ll'Il-litlrlr l-tttrltttflr fu Uqrurutllfrrttltttt'tttslrrtl rutfiuAp, ytttu-fru0;.1rrrqr 50O().urllutti 1ttiur|-2ttrl. lttillutt hli luuru{ur.1lrlirtttrlttttrt[i ttttlttsnt [. rurh [trtsf/.im urhtttll'1t lrutr lywqnq lir-llutpttr tyrt.lltti t1tI brQnlfifnl:Unsutrlrtnutrlltu 5000 pAu\[1t1 yrudlrli l. lttiQtinrI cryurtfuI J 4.1tttt1ur[1utli plitttlyu(Lu.1rli-r lr0' [11t1trtr trt. 7'.lntlu]tllt. ttn|.
4tu. rturt'(tLt ruti. 1)-rtt t1h[A[u.I-ttlrrlurtT. I-hil'. fu-lu\nts,Crlrulifdnr. < Lruhrulur. tLtur-
tllrt\ttr. Sutcstrtfi:tt)Iisf t Iic14. nr crgLu[ilt
p Au\ utlwl rtirp sbryu p ru c lu -
Llttft hfi 600 )()00 tl. prurd-rn r plnr Ii li hrnr Lt : U rl h ALufirltsp tiutQhg(tutl htLrs(ut t'r1t 6 () 0'800 tf. purdrtnplnt{iA t U.1u-
shtl llhlisrn[iLngtlurd t tur]h1lt
futA I I ()0(t ptituQlt2:It [i)rr]hu liQusnr[ h0f .
P0utl1;nt P1n1 1i1t Ptuclulnrfi tplt\nilitlro t1hn1fi urultrltu0[ittrrlhlur{iu:1nl. pti71t hrn tuc-
lu u r It uf trt tltnt' tu Qtu li shu tu li -
Qlnriltq llurrfuur qnrilni l; cr-ptulilt ltttttlrur: UutlrrluAut.fir0tlttsrrt ltttrtlutt' ur[i7tutfi 4rla-IltuIi | [irul,t uu(lut.flrli t[]ttusLurrrrrlt.lrtr Ap: lltulnrl h{iftctrrrl. tt tu.1u<tr i,ut.lurustu[iltf rurshqfi (rut iltif 2lilif t1s-
Arrrtl U'tirlnt crpruilt rllt cutrfp[irttlltu(tu1rhr. trnlif qltrtt]!u.
Qtu0 p {ittrll,tnrltlutA \hA<1unpr.1ltli n1ut.1[LuAAbrfi pugrulyu.1trr 1t1uA. ucfinustu[iftu-1fA nh'urttrulihrf n; 6iltcs ltnrclntuf
. \\.t!h
1ft,t.-.r*t
r\utrutltuL(t{\rL
\ ;l;u!,u111rr
# trirr.- a*'e",65*
+f+# F1{-s-.1f f
fu n2 luhlruglr o<lsruqttrtfu0nt crpruilr llsrnr\ utnpnr{iru'pb ru\ru A utg rlru A hhshtru Af ntlturtslrdurArul'tur qr\llt1 hApAulllrllihrltg hr llltutuluur'Irrtrtl. lllruuttll;r stiuf usrtttltil.:U1t1 p{irullurrltulrhrA hA br-
Phtl(i[ tln11;1U. Qur1.hrP. Iliu-thrp, Ilrlitltl'p. Utltllhtlp, Uitrl-fp. Lltrurfurp. IlutluttI[rp,Llttiftlrutlp. ttlh.1p, Ilnult.U'Iitucm Ii. L'rAurdnLp, 6ltcQtu-t1p, U.ltlbtrnrp:
S Ii sh un r p1 tu fr qturgtult tlurlipAtrltutrsrrtrl t Ahrflrti nlucrur-fitnlt pttttltltutltuIinr p.1nA7t: I-]r'fi Ii
1 t r rl u n1 1
n iliutphnuQur A q.yrtlnr s0 sh tr t u Qr u li c rp tu A. U7i rplt fis{ish untp.lnrAp tfin]ulttuLtt:uqnr-twQgrltut Ahrhrnrl bt rlrnfuctu-
Irrutllts ttr tlltlilirnl qrurqrug[ili-
1nr Inurthur ifpturltuy l::
IIrt1.1rrr [iruptintr p.1ur0 ltlru'IitnIlurfi 61nr r1p llinlituhtufil'tu'.llrtiti 1.. rrrp clitrrltlttl Ilqutnulllr ttlrlli6ruttrtl lrptll ilinqfi fi QnI
p lt ti tu slr ut n tu li d li tu Ir ru s tr t 11
Acu(iutllnrplnt{i I, ltinf pli-tttt rl ltLutir lltrllisnrp.lut0 lrur[rur: Il'hrlrltrr tI tttttQrtr h[i[itttttt tu.11 tlur 0tuLlrtt tlbstutl[ilirlt ultucrurlihr:
eryu{ip aunuiltrtl hnurnlI)-hr1rf qhsp ht t r rurdutshr .
[-/ rrilIir. .9ruc^srrr ti. C tltulild nr.1'.lttt4tutilt tllisutll[ihrp grnt.tt u[i.lnt p]t p tiutl|u Ii ut illtJ nt r -
Qhr hti, nnriq oqsuqnrtrntlrtucltturltnr I Ittu.lsli]r n rltttf ritll-hrl" ltnuQurliutgtfutti ttltgngrttt It[iurrulur QrlutrdAlrthrlLf h 1 t. {i titrlb slt ll 6i
1 [i ur cl uullt :
(L.1rrtr1tu sfi shun p.1ut ti lt0 sti0 -
trlrtl cyunluqLtul[ip [inluustn d
t1mp1urtl1t. ltttulyulnr f- {littu-lltrtlitl(ili1 Itru[l]utllLli ttt tlc ullttr1:t.1trt[i0 ur chnuIrun1utlrttr-plntip: iltch0l'. ur tlutturiru'11lt0 Ulitynt hrlyntuphl pnrtt-
7tLu111t tit yrulntllt rthlr nrdhfnr nltttlttn{igmr\ lifi ntfihghl[)-trtuttrtrstutlt '.tt Itrru0lr ctu-
Qtulilinnt: I)'tilyLitLr.ttfuli 14ur
cutr0lirl ltL ltlutsitLtdutIsrunurrlbsutQtuli Qnpnrllitirl runl1utpr 1t.1rtrli1r. urli rursrLrltur-lsrltu ri
l: pLiutllllrt'iut.1tu11tLr[i ltrutcrul lrtrlrLt.lrtttt0{ilintl br 17 rt1 rl,:urlrtillhqhult0hrf i IItttrP inllrttttifilttr. Il it r r1' Ilustltu lrutt)]t 0.tlt17[y llu]1111). QtuttmrgAhrlr tuphnlilr qnlmp.yurl1t. rllyulmI1,. ttr IJ-lirlrrn cryutlilr llutrnq tqutrqutlitrtl {iutll tllttruutcryltQnrp.1ruti pA,luguttlttuturrl: Itt1hn1 unurplr0 llunl.lnrAflihrArtutlhti turtlyu hA:
llluor lt[iurrur(nr 2l: urTftlttullhl urlti lrrnr1ur1t.1tuft (rru,nr l,u.ltrtttstLt[if . lrrLtslluiultttrtu.1u U1ir1un crgut[ifi | I'rurlLu
f tulltu 0 lr r LLt tlur r d ur 1t-1 rt r 0 tib r lrpltrntnl Iltttrlrtt. ltlt aulluttltuItut_1stitll,1 tllr curf shrntpln0tiht'lr' IlU1, l. I|.urutuusutlilr.In'ntrfltrtrJlr ht I,rutlilr utc-
lu ut r lt ruf ttr r l rul' rtt 11 ru [i c Lu h h r ltp tulrr Ll ut Ii r ry t t rsu r rl :
\htig U'hrylrfi l- ttrtru ltnu-fintlltuti fturlrutruQLuA luurw-p t; nt t p1 n r [i Ahr f tlur rqu g Iut [iutnu2lt[i riurcsll. nnruurlytt0rlnstrtlthllr 6Luliuurlturhp rlln4ltU-hrdu(nr Urlitlilflr Atu(1ttu-phr cryuAALirlt: ItrruAb ft.ll.sfpnntuutllruli cnLllut ltt U0tp-\nrllltuu hru \wn1tlntrl t Uhtytnt l,lrs:
Ul,tl{tA Iil trtt rltil,.lll ttt.ttfuit
ltuttlntc sLullw[i truqrlirf lu'tu-QuAug{rulip ftnlpttlnsnl u'ntupfiA urqblffi t' tlltruu0u-QUA Urlrphgtufi]r Ltshtlitrltufi6utArunpurltlA: [)[itutl t1 ttltu'stuhtnlyut plhsf t ltLLrtlurlilituhr Ufu1nrr crguilt hut.ls?-
4ht\ ")q Q-nP1lr sltu'utltrt;url1itrmqrlt ttlip: Ulirylt0 rllntrdnt-rlru[irul1 hrlptr htuLfLucfnuhut-jrA luncnr Qrn[iALit]t f rltusn-[ihnt1t1tufi lit ]ntltutflr utulttltu-AwllotIuA qnslt f.:
[!.1u pnpr uc]nurrltutfru-rlrLt f rrt 11 ur A ru nu d Ii ru It tu s\ n t -
p.1mAihrfi fLi[itn p.pnAp pLirnul
t ru.10 lttutttttytu?, rtr U-hrynrcrgu|p Qrurlf urA[ nlhsut-lyuA luusnt.Q rtrcrurynrp.pu[i.fut0qfi Awfu rupslt4 t untLu'rlltltutrlhn trnrclmtl tuc14tufiAtrltis tullu Anrpl u A <1n1 n tp1 Lu 0hurgp: a
t
ir. fn
\oIirrf-rfl"rL
l
1, +'
irCUtrtrblF'Fra \Lry*ir*L 4.*'Li*A
'a'lrrd['la **r""e
rl 4*e-{..*!( Fe*-q-"{-i.,..'iJ-1.,!-e tt-*1*'|,-afO +.- i.t'r-l a -. r*re-t"r$ r,r Lt*' ..,r i.f +t L-!,*r I-c*.
L 7 n r-tbrd urbtu t1l.:a rd n1 fi A
llllttluA. nrfi c[inrhf( sutrh-
\LuA uswgr{nr[ t 2-3 phrf:llrtttuufruA 6.yru$rA h0 ulqb-qnldznplnfip hr rtlsrltuputilnt-p1tnQp. nrn011 hlrrfut[i (nu ruc-
lrrru^srrd hA UTqrm nyulrtuiln-tihrl tir qlrAnr qnriluutu[ifih4t:U'ht1rfiA turfult .lnrr.usLiuruQllruputtt t, nrr unusnrbA 11t-
rlnttt b[i sfAutAfn( futrtirlgf ttrrlQtut't ltutr[f fihr1r' fir011ur'pntlr pnq[i ttt ubrQh]r1p. tru'ti-rtultttrtl dfirtufiA tn ]uuu1nt11r,llurrt[nu\Lur[]u' [inut[i tn urftu.ltultt[id nrp. huttlhtl ltliQn plinr [irrtclr: rtutrtnul htif. r]u-fruAul1i L nrnlhutfi lfhr1nncrgruAl Abffltli rtltucttu'Ahflr n'prsA pfr41u1i{fi hru tIbll un1
t\
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fflULr,uuk --!
EghdEX,Iry E nx-f Btqlrr{ehS ut1 ut thqnt rFlutf,ufiQ pwttwu shqb p
UhtluttT ILnLrficiu4bA nTutrultQ w1AutuQwrl tJswQnrwQtuAAbrfi cwrffiA t n1ws.
QwAnLd, nr QlwA{fi qqwllt t}wup Alfirw.pbrbl nt AQfirwphrntd bA htulng Lhq4h1,n1wslnLp1wAp, dcwQntlplt ntuntdfrwufir-dwAA nL r4rnn1tugwA4tlwAp:
Uhrlw4 Untrltqw4bA 60lb7 t 1951 p. h.rwAfi tAqbllr AwQwhwAqusntd: UwAQnt.plwA nL nTwswAbQntplwA swrfiAbrfiAwn1rhpQ hwlQtuQwA dfigwLlwyntd. AwhbcsnLplwtlp Qwrn4wAnLd t lnLrwg1blhwlng lbqntA, fiuQ hbswqwlntd hwdw-futip( bu$whuAfi htulwqfiswl.lwA hw-dwpwrwA. n7 dltwlA funrwhntd t hwlngfiqllt, w11bt hwlng 4wrwQnr dcwQnLlpltnt n1wsdnLpltuA dbg, nrp crgw4wrduqfiAAcwAwQntplntA t ntAhAntd Arw QlwAfnul:
1990 p. ldbhrwAntd 7nL1u t sbuAnLd
Uhtu4 lLntrhqq4bh nTturjntr swrlwhwlQwQwA nlnbqltw" huQtulwdw(w1'(1154 tfl purqdw1nLplntAAbrfi clltrfp. nrAwr4lntAf t brbf swrtlw Arw hbshLnrlw-
QwA nt wAfunAg wclttwsw1flt:Qrflt wnwputpwAnuJ lunublnLl hrQnt
hutrbtwA hrQrAbrfi hrwAfi nL 7w1wuswAfibrQnL hutqwr (bghwrlntrwdlw hwrbtw-AntpluA fu brwAnul wnlrnq ufi1nLn{wltw-
lntplwA 2nruhwrlnrrudlw tlfiutu1uQwA
QluAff dtuufiA. hbqfiAu\p gaq t hwls-AnLd. nr hrQnt hfiA dn4nQntr4 cws fltl hA
6wAw1nrd dltrJlwAg bL hwrJurlw wAsb-qlwQ bA db!1 tlbQnL nlwsdntplutAA ntdcwQntlefiA:
ulwrlnLr sutr(w hwlQwQwA rynb.qfiwA" qrffi l5O tpn A{hr4wd t dbr ryus.dntplwAp. utnwuqhlAbrfiA nL wustlwtAb-rfiA, ihubrfiA nt wlwA4ntplnLAAhrfiA, 1w-
luuswAnLd frltusnAbntplwA swrwtdwAp,hwlng qrhrlt q1rusfiA, Lbqdh1, dfigAw4w-rlwA qrwl1wAntplwAA nt sw7w1w(tnL-plwap:
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{rluu!utinrplru0 rpurqtu.c;rlruti rlrur> ([f .
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tuuur'q qhnuqnu3uL
,< t r h {i s r n fi ull ut li llult ut ti, t uu, uf fr wulrr nrpJ nt Ii Ii h r'>,
Itrufirlhu. hs. 12, Lnli4nfr, 1993-uliqlhrhfrLnL.1r stru
0h1n{ 1982 p.-
lrg. ru.;u lrru[r-lltiul rilrur\nlrrrlrlirrrrllrrr fi 0I, rucluulhrrrd,nrg qliuur{n-rur4hu tu04ru-4un0nt il t\h0srn0u\r"u0Uulturllr tirttnrl\uutrrrlrusdnrpSru0.furqurfurll ru finr-
p1ru0. ricrutlnrjplr, \rn00brlr nr s0shuur-
\urti futi4lrr0hrlrO:irufi4tiulr unr10 hurlurp p0rlqrtprrrl l-
<lurrllrrrlrullr0 {1nrulruu1lr0 tlnrl!urulrlltuqrlurtlulrrrrip tl9181924 pp.)>. <rlnuu,surfif [unrhrrluJ0u]gmil!), < fruc!lrr0hrlrlr0l0u"rt[turrrLplnr0p>, .funrhrrp"u1lr0 !n-rtirug!0h11r' nrnlhu rur4-;nr[f rrrrru-dun1n-(irut1ru0 11ru.1utirullu0 rlrgrullgrrrplnr0>,.hrnrhlrluJlr0 qhnitufiruglr0brp,' br .Sur-{lt0ru!ru0 lr0f0tutlurrnrplur0 \uqrlu{n-rnrtilt" hnrl{u}0hr1.
unLu uu$un3uL
41JI FFULLuuts--s
frhrfi ph$ liutttnr irul r Uit{ulu41 urtip:
hlisuttluqlnrt[ qrfl putluqntlli tphrfiA q,ut'tJ,rq wli4ru4utt{ituptt lutrusnutn{: afurlp. lunrhnrr4
2wfiwy Ufur-Uwryhnl,
tly q llltrhbtl*b &; ntbp. . .Suu0brbf, pb sruuOlnru sLu'
rb!Lu0 tlr: C0QLr6 4n0b4nLn,tiLud unlunfr! ilftu suIn11 dnLc-
su.rrfrIbrlr bsbrfrg qLursfl,r[r tlrhw{ufntd:
,lurrqbsu hnru tlns ctus lrqn{nLd ft0d:
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t: Ulr0ybL nlLursf nLtibgnq[g $n-n0 iqntth, fuu0nLp 1[ {brLu4un0nrd;
Ubr rlLuuupI fuLu0nLpp ptu'
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nr {urn;bsu fb!0 nL dbQft00[lr.usntLi [r fuu0nLp[9, Iul.1nq0Lrunril tr.
- 9ur$r"ur sr1Lu, pnIr sbu0br)
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- U0np ibu u0nLil, rlb [1nr[rLrlusbqlrq. pb ,I qhsbu hLu...
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nr nsffrg p0l1ur: lurdbu fr stuO
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qnLd tfr uqrJnLLl urlurlu! pu;rd'
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- 'lb 1uL{ purlirlq 9u0, uttltu-
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brp LIsObln{ dh [bq qhnqng t.]Lu'l
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huu0nLrl tfrfif qrusurl.l tlft qhn-
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Pulg 4b. dbnflrgu ,rqf.Ouj4;Puqurrfr Ins, Lu0pnfufr dby u!'ubgfr qnnqnnngu: U[ qnnqnnng
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qu.r;rLugrud cqrsbg brbuIu nL
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fr0d lucunhln{ t1u.rrnr1 tr d0ut-
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U14 orp Lunur{nsfrg d1nL0p
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UrurUh tinlfh0 nr 0urlbr 4ntru:Ul4qbu t1 urbL th[f: ]Lu{Lrf-
t{Lud rJuIr1u1[ cntrg r{Lurqbsu
nL urlu-Uuh0nL4p qrnLgnrd ffr0:UnbLsnrr 2t1ur: flrd gLutl0 tr !s-rb1 u14 uun0uilLu0[fft0 s0ftg
4nrru qur[: Uu[ urlblnr4 puqhp'
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ir... l0nq0b1 nulnrObrp fuu0nt-pnrf 1tr lLurb1fr, usfq{ud qbsf
t 1g0bf snqrullt dbg nL 4ntrusu0hfr: PLulg 4t, n{ u[rs !u0brLr14 d1nL0 nL pf[C du0qLulf dn'
slrg {br L1h[ur: lDbd lttulO nLc {urqhslru qursdnLp1nL00t:rp br'
!nLu0 t1 iu10n1bu tfrfi [1n11ntd url"slru, nr hbcs 1tr qnLlL[b1p:
.turnlbsu rufigtur] durrjtu0ul1.
0br0 tr hfrcLl, brp 1nLr1f llltlnC
stru[{bg cr-uhlr, dnr.0 hLlsp L,r-
!nL ctuhfr hr: lfrdu utdh0 lt01ftpLurtrfLupp q0Lugbl t: .tLurrqbsu
d1nr0 1tr ufrrnLd:
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cnr0lp !srnL[... ClnrIp dLur4nr
2Lu0[ nr dullr pc0utl[0 t,dur4!Lu0g s0rufLu04 t LuInLrJ,
fubq6 uOuunr[Obrf0 fuirlgutdpnq[nLd...
Ulunlbu ruyfbrp htuniud dyu0pLuLh4nA qhLuplr g0br[0, r{urnlbsu
[ununrd tr Lu0g;ru1it fLrqgr hIcn-rlnrp;nL[0brfrg; iltrurfuuInid tr,nr d1nLOp q[Lu1n{ dbq0u0ntd t:rlu ur4b[ d;nr0 itr, u11 [02-nr611u0 d0ugnt!. nr 0nurugtu6
Ip0nLd tr gLud: Urr1b0 hus nL
!b0s dur4fr! t[0 brhLntd {rni1n'gnLd:
.turqbsu, nr Lu14 d[9ngf 0
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{bg sbrlnLf bL 4un0u1n{ irttdilluuJg.
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q0nLil. .
bu rlfr Lu!0pLurpntf rqnl.1qbgir
sbq[gu nr 4nLru {uqbgit:SnrrsI p0!Lut{ hbsbtitgu, LuIftd-
{urr} u14 gntrsp;
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ibg r{Lurrlbsu,- cLlrnL0ru! dfru tsLurb1... Ulrcs k1 urubl t r.hnnn
!pb rb[...flsfu d1tu0 rlbg ptr4tlblntI
qbu uurunuglr, 4n40 p0l.1Lu{
gu0u... U; fbq qhnrduIf, dsLu6b-
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tfrr ulu !n4fbrnLd brbLugbl,brp tu tfftu uun0LuLlLu[[fft0,cnL00 11 surfifrg 4nrru 2fr qu,
lnqu p0!r.ur: blurr, nr [6d qrlabu
surf du0rlulfrg: U1[n1bu t1 ut-
ruq tr q0nL[, nr bu 4bn brllnL
fru11 lurud Otu pbftlbg tl[ 0r-
puOgf: fl rqbgfr LurLuqlug0bl fLu;'
thru, prulg ffrl d0nrg qfuhrlru1r
32trtrUL,r"uuh -1purl{bf d1u0 db9..
Ufu. u0[dt{utd ur;4 d;n10p...
brp huuu 0nr1tr Irptu0gl[0. n1
ni'1!ur u1[sb11: fitcwgbl tft,dbnffgu r.fLufub1 tr: .luqb{iuqhuuLu r.lfr[1hL qhnqngf du;rp,finrfg durrl 1[1Lur: Pnn nt Lfnc-
du[ r-{bru4urdLu fuu0nLp:- U0c0nrf, dhnfhg sLlbghr
hui,- 4dqnh uur"ug t{urnlbsu: 0L-
qnid tfr 0usb1 dLu0rlLulfr dns,pLrlg tlurrlbsu gnqg s{bg LuO.
IlnL0nLd !ntsu!t{trC Lut{b1n14
nu!nr0brp:
- rlb. nr tlbr bu !LugbL,uruOf t1 srur pwrJrfrr...
0u!ni0brp lgrbgit tJf cnrftdb9, dtu.1rbrg Uuq qgbgh ntcuritulu Lrnu6 4nLru t{uqbgft:6hdt{urd cLu0 qbu 4nqnL[ i[:LLut{ brlur0Lu!fr0 nu!nr0brfi nL
LIufr u0qbsf [1snrsr.u[fp sLr0ntd
th rlh0ibL lruidbrnL!ft urlpur!-4p. rlfr hus nr cLlug0nLd tlr,
lnru lnqrlfrg cObrp n1n10brp pu'r.lrwhturblntl {rLu th0 sLr1ftu...
f,u! hfrtlu n{ u14ltu0 6tuil{Lu!q0ur: Uh fht Lut0 qnrlil'dhfLu04(urd qusfr bsLL 4tusur!t -
gfr pbnu nL rlbru4urdLu: 0sfbruu.;0qbu tfr0 uuLnbl, nr !turdbufrrlp 21fr0blr0: Ufu, tu0fu[q6 dlnt-0 p...
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0fr 1fr (rLuftLbl: PuLu0 pntdut0
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- h.rur0ntrl. fuu0nLd.... Uh brhnt s4tutlur4 cntn b-
quo fir li00 lulJtrgno, qdrdttu h-rb0g tit !u02b1:
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tiu0tu2b1 t frId: Lbrlilgud Lu-
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OtCUTtPIII'ftXltlFl'Butenolid <Ani4 a component of Aromuttc Essences
. Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Armenian National
Academy of Sciences suggests the combination sAni> as a
component of aromatic essqtses, which can be used in the food,
perfumery and tobacco industries.The suggested cornbination has an intensive organoleptic
characteristics with the threshold of smell sensitiveness of 0'07 ppm
and taste thershold of 0,01-0,05 mg/l. tAni> possesses a widg
organoleptic range depending on the degree of its dilutioll' So'
und.r "oncenttution
of 0,1 mg/l'it reproduces the walnat taste'
Besides, aAnir is indentified as component of rise vodka arotna' Inmany cases 0,01-0,5 g of <Atrio is sufficient to aromatize 100 kg
food prodlcts and 5-10 g to aromatize 100 kg oftobacco' . -
The combination can be used in mixture with otheraromatizing materials to make some specihc smells.
The original and simplified method of <Ani> worked out an
rhe Institute of Organic Chemistry allows to cut down the expences
on the synthesis und l".ten "ott
of aromatizor keeping the purity ofthe final prodact.
Please, contact Ed. Board of<<IRAN-NAMEH >> Tel. : (7-8852) 27-69-74
, Fax: (7-8852) 26-29-80
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ABACAST ECorporation
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At ll 6l,Jdt6re 1.6,r+ lg bok gI5r.b. *1,3 OAA' g .i+ sa l"r.A. l.c
UPAH-HAME, N|,1994
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a Bapgax Bocranar. fiawryuu (AQrauuut)-c. 12-15
I Aprot Oraxeox. Apa1cxne u nepcnAcKneHcropuKn o naHTppKu3ue. c. 16
a flaypa Aearnx. Mepraatfi nu esbtKcaucxpnr?- c. 17
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I RAN-NAMEH, vol. 1,1 994
CONTENTSI Prof. Garnik Asatrian. The 50th Anniversary
of the Armenian Academy of Sciences- p.2a Dr. Petros Hovhannisian- From the
Iranological Heritage of Prof. Nicolai Adonts- p. 3
a Prof. Nikolai Adonts. The PoliticalContribution of oShah-nameh>>, to the IranianHistory- p.4-5
l.Prof. Fridrik Thordarson. Religion andNatibnalism in the Northern Caucasus- p. 6
I Novruz- the <Nat Day> bf the lranians- p.7-8) The RussianTranlation of the Avesta- p.8
' I Dr. Arshak Poladian. The Conquest of lranby the Arabs- p.9-11
I Vardan Voskanian. The Pashtuns (Afgans)-p. I2-15
a Artak Hovhannisian. Arab and PersianScholars on Panturkism- p. I6
I Laura Avakian. Is Sanskrit a Dead Lan-guage?- p. 17
f Dr. Ilakob Chakrian. Modern Turkey:Economic Crisis & Kurdish Problem- p. l8-19
I Gorge F. Black. The Gypsies of Arnenia-p.20
I Prof. Yervand Sarkisian. From the Historyof Armenian-Kardish P olitic al Relations- p. 2 I -26
I Kamo Aleksanian. The Geographical &Geopolitical Characteristics of the Meghri Region-p.26-27
) Ahmad Nurizade- A Persian-Armenian Poet-p.28-30
) The Legend of Mindzur- p. 30
"a Djamal Mir-Sadeghi. This Darnned Snow- p.31,-32
I Book Revicws- pp. 19,30
lnquiries, contributions, as well as books forreview should be addressed to the Editor
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