Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge Regarding Substance ...

17 6-24 © MAT Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved

16

Journal of Counselling and Family Therapy

Volume 1 Issue 1

Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge Regarding Substance Abuse

among Adolescents

1Wahengbam Tinita Devi,

2 Mr.

Karthikeya Prasth P,

3Prof. Nisha Clement,

4*

Dr.. I. Clement

1 Lecturer, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Columbia College of Nursing,

Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2HOD, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Columbia College of Nursing, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India 3Associate Professor, Department of OBG Nursing, ESIC College of Nursing, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India 4Principal HOD Medical Surgical Department, Columbia College of Nursing, Bangalore,

Karnataka, India

*Email: [email protected]

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2549175

Abstract

Substance abuse is harmful not only to the individual but also to family and society at large

scale. Substance abuse is one of the serious problems affecting youth in the world. The

increasing problem of substance abuse and dependence has drawn both public and scientific

attention to be focused. According to world health organization and the American

Psychiatric Association, drug abuse is the illicit consumption of naturally occurring or

pharmaceutical substances for the purpose of changing the way in which a person feels, think

or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging, physical and

mental side effects that are caused. A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse among adolescents in selected nursing

schools, Bangalore. An evaluative approach and quasi-experimental design that is one group

pre-test and post-test design, Pender’s Health Promotional Model was adopted for the study.

A total number of 60 adolescents were selected by non-probability convenience sampling

technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge in pre-test

which is followed by implementation of structured teaching programme. The post-test was

conducted after 7 days using the same structured knowledge questionnaire to find out the

effectiveness of STP. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential

statistics. The result showed that the average pre-test score of 9.16±2.54 but after

administration of STP, the result showed the average post-test score of 21.11±3.41. STP was

found to be effective in improving the knowledge of nursing students regarding substance

abuse with paired t value of 48.79 which is above the table value of 2.6 at P=0.05 level of

significant. Thus, the study concluded that STP was significantly effective in improving the

knowledge of the adolescents regarding substance abuse and ways to prevent it which in turn

contribute to improve their lifestyle, well-being, education and good citizens.

Keywords: Substance abuse, Health promotional model, STP, American psychiatric associati

on, Structured knowledge questionnaire

INTRODUCTION Substance abuse is one of the serious problems affecting youth in the world [1]. The increasing problem of substance abuse and dependence has drawn both public and scientific attention to be focused [2].

Substance abuse usually begins in adolescents, the time for discovery challenge and experimentation. Adolescents are poly substance abuser. They mostly widely use tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, nicotine [3]. And alcohols are

17 Page 16-25 © MAT Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved


Volume 1 Issue 1

termed as ‘gateway’ drugs because they often ‘open the gates’ to further heavier drug use for teens and adolescents. During the past decade several risk factors has been identified among adolescent substance abuse [4]. These include high level of family conflicts, academic difficulties, mental disorders, depression, and conduct disorder, early onset of cigarette smoking, physical health problem suicide and accident [5-8].

Several risk factors have identified among adolescents and early adults drug abuse which include family conflicts, academic difficulties, depression, conduct disorders, peer pressure, ignorance, relief from stress, increased energy, to relieve pain, escape from reality, to keep alert and for feeling of excitement [9-11]. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM “A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse among adolescents in selected nursing schools, Bangalore.” OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the study are: 1. To assess the level of the knowledge of

adolescents regarding substance abuse. 2. To develop and administer a structured

teaching programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of

structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse.

4. To find out the association between the level of knowledge regarding substance abuse and selected demographic variable.

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY H1: The mean post-test knowledge score of adolescents will be higher than the mean pre-test knowledge scores. H2: There will be significant association between the mean pre-test knowledge scores of adolescents on substance abuse and selected demographic variables. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual framework helps to maintain the relationship between concepts. It serves as an aspiring board for the generation of research hypothesis and can provide an important concept for scientific research. The conceptual framework for this study was derived from the health promotion model which was proposed by Nola J. Pender was designed to be a “complimentary counterpart to models of health education”. It defines health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well-being. This model explains the multi-dimensional nature of individual as they interact with their environment to pursue health [5].

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model.



Volume 1 Issue 1

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Figure 2: Schematic Representation of Research Plan.

Research design

Quasi experimental one group pre-test and post-test design

Purpose Assessment of the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding Substance Abuse

among Adolescents.

Setting Apollo School of Nursing, Bangalore

Population

All adolescents, both boys and girls

Sample size and sampling technique

Sample size was 60 and non-probability convenient sampling technique

Data collection procedure

Pre-test

Structured Teaching Programme

Post test

Data analysis- descriptive and inferential statistics

Findings and conclusion



Volume 1 Issue 1

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Method of data collection includes

selection and development of tool and

testing the tool of validity and reliability

by administering on few samples.

SELECTION OF THE TOOL

An instrument selected in research study is

a device used to obtain data for drawing

conclusions, which are pertinent to the

study. As per the objectives, a structured

knowledge questionnaire was prepared in

order to assess the knowledge of

adolescents regarding substance abuse.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL

Structured knowledge questionnaire was

developed by the following several steps

like review of literature, preparation of

blue print, expert’s opinion and

suggestions. For the selection and

preparation of tool, related literature

review like books, journals, articles,

periodicals, published and unpublished

research studies were reviewed. Opinion

and suggestions were elicited from experts

(guide, co-guide, statistician and subject

expert from nursing) who help in

determining the important areas to be

included in the investigation.

DESCRIPTION OF TOOL

The structured knowledge questionnaire

was divided into 2 parts which consists of

multiple choice questions.

Part I: Consists of 8 items related to

demographic data which includes age,

gender, religion, year of study, type of

family, residential area, economic status of

family, and sources of information.

Part II: This section consists of 30

structured items with the option of

multiple choices to assess the knowledge

of adolescents regarding substance abuse.

These items were divided into three

sections.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE The data was collected from Apollo

Nursing School among 60 adolescents

from 1/01/18 to 29/01/18.

The prior permission from the concerned

authority to conduct the study was

obtained. An informed written consent was

obtained from the subjects after explaining

the purpose of the study.

The pre-test was administered to the

adolescents who took 15 minutes to

complete. The STP was given with the

help of LCD. The STP was about 30

minutes. The respondents cooperated well

with the investigator and were happy with

the STP.

The post test was administered using the

same structured interview on the 7th

day.

The average time taken for the post-test

was 15 minutes. Collected data were

tabulated, analysed and interpreted.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The data was collected on the basis of the

objectives and hypotheses formulated for

the study. The analysis of the data is

organized and presented under the

following sections:

Part I: Sample characteristics.

Part II: Assessment of the knowledge

level of the sample.

Part III: Effectiveness of the STP in terms

of knowledge score.

Part IV: Association between the pre-test

knowledge score of subjects and selected

demographic variables.

Part I: Sample Characteristics

The sample consists of 40 women who

have undergone caesarean section. The

baseline preformed is analysed using

descriptive statistics and presented in

Table 1.



Volume 1 Issue 1

Table 1: Classification of Sample by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=60). Characteristics Category Respondents

N %

Age

17 years 26 43.33

18 years 16 26.67

19 years 18 30

Gender Male 20 33.33

Female 40 66.67

Religion

Hindu 25 41.67

Muslim 7 11.67

Christian 28 46.66

Others 0 0

Year of study

1st year GNM 36 60

2nd

year GNM 24 40

3rd

year GNM 0 0

Type of the family

Joint 35 58.34

Nuclear 23 38.33

Extended 2 3.33

Residential area

Rural 29 48.33

Urban 31 51.67

Slum 0 0

Economic status

Less than 15000 19 31.67

15001-20000 11 18.33

20001-25000 13 21.67

Above 25001 17 28.33

Source of information

Mass media 40 66.68

Health education 10 16.67

Elders and relatives 10 16.67

Others 0 0

Part II: Assessment of the Knowledge

Level of the Sample

This section deals with assessment of

knowledge level of 60 adolescents

studying in nursing school.

Table 2: Classification of Pre-Test Knowledge Scores of the Subjects (n=60).

Level of Knowledge Score No of Respondents (%)

No %

Adequate >76% 6 10

Moderate 51-75% 14 23.33

Inadequate <50% 40 66.67

Total

60 100

The above table shows the classification of

pre-test level of knowledge of the subjects.

Among 60 nursing students, 6(10%) of

them had adequate level of knowledge,

14(23.33%) of them had moderate level of

knowledge and 40(66.67%) had

inadequate level of knowledge regarding

substance abuse among nursing students.



Volume 1 Issue 1

Figure 3: Classification of Samples by Pre-Test Level of Knowledge.

Table 3: Classification of Post-Test Level of Knowledge Score of the Subjects (n=60).

Level of Knowledge Score No of Respondents (%)

No %

Adequate >76% 29 48.33

Moderate 51%-75% 31 51.67

Inadequate <50% 0 0

Total

50 100

The above Table 3 shows the classification

of post-test level of knowledge on

substance abuse among nursing students.

Among 60 nursing students, 29(48.33%)

of them had adequate level of knowledge,

31(51.67%) of them had moderate level of

knowledge and there were no students that

had inadequate level of knowledge.

Figure 4: Classification of Samples by Post-Test Level of Knowledge.

6

14

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Adequate Moderate Inadequate

PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE

29 31

0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Adequate Moderate Inadequate

POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE



Volume 1 Issue 1

Part III: Effectiveness of the STP in

Terms of Knowledge Score

In order to find out the significant

difference between the mean pre-test and

mean post-test knowledge score, paired ‘t’

test was computed and the data is

presented in the Table 4 and Table 5. To

test the statistical difference between the

pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of

the adolescents following hypothesis was

formulated.

H1: The mean post-test knowledge score

of the adolescents will be significantly

higher than mean pre-test knowledge

score.

Table 4: Overall Mean Pre-Test and Post-Test Knowledge of the Subjects (n=60). Aspect Maximum Score Knowledge of Respondents Paired ‘t’ test

Mean SD

Pre-pest 30 9.16 2.54 T=48.79

P<0.05

Significant Post-test 30

21.11 3.41

**Significant at P<0.05 level, df 59, table-value 2.6

Table 4 depicts the difference of pre-test

and post-test knowledge scores of nursing

students regarding substance abuse. In pre-

test, the mean score was 9.16±2.54

whereas the mean post-test score was

21.11±3.41. The obtained ‘t’ value was

48.79, which was higher than the table

value 2.6 so it is highly significant

atP≤0.05 level.

Figure 5: Comparison between Mean Pre-Test and Post-Test Knowledge Score.

Inference

The above table shows that, the mean

post-test knowledge scores were

significantly higher than the mean pre-

test knowledge scores at P≤0.05 level of

significance. Hence the research

9.16

2.5 2.54

3.41

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Pre-test Post-test

MEAN PRE-TEST & POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE

Mean SD



Volume 1 Issue 1

hypothesis H1 is accepted.

Part-IV: Association between the Pre-

Test Knowledge Score of Subjects and

Selected Demographic Variables

This section deals with the findings of

association between pre-test knowledge

score and selected demographic

variables.

H2: There will be significant association

between the mean pre-test knowledge

scores on substance abuse and selected

demographic variables.

Table 5: Association between Pre-Test Level of Knowledge of the Subjects and Their Selected

Socio Demographic Variables (n=60).

Characteristics Category Level of Knowledge Chi Square

Inadequate Moderate Adequate

Age

17 years 21 2 3 9.319 NS

18 years 10 4 2

19 years 9 8 1

Gender Male 13 3 4 18.24

S Female 27 11 2

Religion

Hindu 15 7 3

1.685 NS Muslim 4 2 1

Christian 21 5 2

Others 0 0 0

Year of the study

1st GNM 28 6 2 5.158

NS 2nd

GNM 12 8 4

3rd

GNM 0 0 0

Type of the family

Joint 26 5 4 5.176

NS Nuclear 12 9 2

Extended 2 0 0

Residential area

Rural 22 4 3

2.905 NS Urban 18 10 3

Slum 0 0 0

Economic status

Less than Rs. 15,000 16 3 0

6.742 NS Rs. 15,001-20,000 8 2 1

Rs. 20,001-25,000 6 5 2

Above Rs, 25,001 10 4 3

Source if information

Mass media 28 8 4

4.832 NS Health education 8 2 0

Elders and relatives 4 4 2

Others 0 0 0

**Significant at P=0.05 level, S: Significant, NS; Non-significant NA**

GENDER

The data presented in the Table 5 shows

that there is significant association

between gender and pre-test knowledge

score as obtained chi square value is 18.24

which is greater than the table value.

Hence H2 is accepted.



Volume 1 Issue 1

Figure 6: Association between Pre-Test Knowledge Score with Gender.

RESEARCH FINDINGS

The following findings were drawn from

the study:

Most of the subjects, 26(43.33%) were

aged 17, 16(26.67%) were aged 18 and

18(30) were aged 19.

Maximum of the subjects, 40(66.67%)

of them were female students,

20(33.33%) of them were male

students.

As per the religion of subjects,

25(41.67%) of them were Hindus,

7(11.67%) of them were Muslims and

28(46.66%) of them were Christians.

Maximum of the subjects, 36(60%) of

them were 1st year GNM students and

24(40%) of them were 2nd

year GNM

students.

According to the type of family,

35(58.34%) of them belongs to joint

family, 23(38.33%) of them belongs to

nuclear family, 2(3.33%) of them were

in extended family.

It was observed that in residential area

of the subjects, 29(48.33%) of them

were from rural areas and 31(51.67%)

of them were from urban areas.

With regards to the family monthly

income of their parents, 19(31.67%) of

them had below Rs.15,000 11(18.33%)

had in between Rs.15,001-Rs.20,000,

13(21.67%) of them had Rs.20,001–

Rs.25,000 and 17(28.33%) had

Rs,25,001 above.

As per the source of information,

40(66.68%) of them got information

from mass media, 10(16.67%) of them

accessed information from health

Education, 10(16.66%) of them got

information from elders and relatives.

With regard to overall pre-test

knowledge scores on substance abuse

among nursing students, 40(66.67%)

of them had inadequate level of

knowledge, 14(22.33%) of them had

moderate level of knowledge and

6(10%)of them had adequate level of

knowledge regarding substance abuse

whereas in post-test, 29(48.33%) of

them had adequate level of knowledge,

31(51.67%) of them had moderate

level of knowledge and there were no

students who had inadequate level of

knowledge.

In pre-test, the mean score was

9.16±2.54 whereas the mean post-test

score was 21.11±3.41. The obtained ‘t’

value was 48.79, which was higher

than the table value 2.6 so it is highly

2 1

13

24

2

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Male Female

GENDER

Inadequate Moderate Adequate



Volume 1 Issue 1

significant at P=0.05 level of

significant. Hence H1 is accepted.

The obtained chi square value for

gender was higher that is 18.243when

compared to the table value at P=0.05

level of significance. Hence the

research hypothesis H2 was accepted.

CONCLUSION

Substance abuse is harmful not only to the

individual but also to family and society at

large scale. Substance abuse is one of the

serious problems affecting youth in the

world. The findings of the study and other

studies have shown that education of the

adolescents regarding substance abuse and

the need for prevention of substance abuse

in turn prevent complications and can live

healthily focusing on their education,

achieve their dreams and goals.

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Study Group on Programming for

Adolescent Health, 2011.

2. WHO –

http://www.int/substance_abuse/facts/g

lobal_burden/en/, February 25, 2005.

3. World Health Organization.

International Substance abuse Day.

Nursing Journal of India June 1992;

LXXXIII(5): pp. 130.

4. Drug Abuse and Consequences. [Intern

et].Available from:

http://www.tocuana.com.htm.Substanc

e Abuse- Trends in Substance use,

approaches to preventing Substance

Abuse, Child Development Reference,

Volume 7. [Internet]. Available from:

http://social.jrank.org/pages/625/Subst

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5. Polit D.F. & Hungler B.P. Nursing rese

arch principles and methods. 6th

ed. Phi

ladelphia:J.B.Lippincott company.

2000.

6. Mary C. Townsend, Psychiatric Mental

Health Nursing: Concept of Care by

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edition.

7. Vasantha Jayaram, Anandram T.S.J.,

Anand Balan & Basham V.S.P. A

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Journal of Psychiatry. 45(3).

8. Stuart G.W. & Laraia M.T., Principles

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Missouri: 7th

edition, Mosby. 2012.

9. Basavanthappa B.T. Nursing

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10. Polit D.F. & Hungler B.P. Nursing rese

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http://social.jrank.org/pages/625/Substance-Abuse.html

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