SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

AARREC ACF ACTED ADRA Africare AMI-France ARC ASB ASI AVSI CARE CARITAS CEMIR INTERNATIONAL CESVI CFA CHF CHFI CISV CMA CONCERN Concern Universal COOPI CORDAID

COSV CRS CWS Danchurchaid DDG Diakonie Emergency Aid DRC EM-DH FAO FAR FHI Finnchurchaid FSD GAA GOAL GTZ GVC Handicap International HealthNet TPO HELP HelpAge International HKI Horn Relief

HT Humedica IA ILO IMC INTERMON Internews INTERSOS IOM IPHD IR IRC IRD IRIN IRW Islamic RW JOIN JRS LWF Malaria Consortium Malteser Mercy Corps MDA

MDM MEDAIR MENTOR MERLIN NCA NPA NRC OCHA OHCHR OXFAM PA (formerly ITDG) PACT PAI Plan PMU-I PU RC/Germany RCO Samaritan's Purse Save the Children SECADEV Solidarités SUDO TEARFUND

TGH UMCOR UNAIDS UNDP UNDSS UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNJLC UNMAS UNOPS UNRWA VIS WFP WHO World Concern World Relief WV ZOA

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 1

Table I: Summary of requirements (grouped by cluster) .......................................................................... 3 Table II: Summary of requirements (grouped by priority).......................................................................... 3 Table III: Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization)................................................. 4

2. 2010 IN REVIEW......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN ACHIEVEMENTS/LESSONS LEARNED IN 2010............................ 5 2.1.1 Food Security................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Nutrition ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Health ............................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.4 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) ........................................................................................ 14 2.1.5 Protection ...................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.6 Coordination .................................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.7 Emergency Preparedness ............................................................................................................. 21

2.2 HUMANITARIAN FUNDING ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................... 24

3. GENERAL CONTEXT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS...................................................................................... 26

3.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................. 26 3.2 NEEDS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION........................................................................... 28

4. THE 2011 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN........................................................................... 40

4.1 SCENARIOS .......................................................................................................................................... 40 4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION IN 2011..................................................................... 42 4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS..................................................................... 43 4.4 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS ....................................................................................................... 44

4.4.1 Food Security................................................................................................................................. 44 4.4.2 Nutrition ......................................................................................................................................... 48 4.4.3 Health ............................................................................................................................................ 53 4.4.4 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ...................................................................................................... 57 4.4.5 Protection ...................................................................................................................................... 61 4.4.6 Coordination .................................................................................................................................. 76 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness (EP) ..................................................................................................... 79

4.5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................ 81

5. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 82

ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS..................................................................................................................... 83

Table IV: List of Appeal projects (grouped by sector) .......................................................................... 83 Table V: Summary of requirements (grouped by location) ................................................................. 91

ANNEX II. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES MONITORING MATRIX .................................................................... 92

ANNEX III. NEEDS ASSESSMENTS REFERENCE LIST ............................................................................. 98

ANNEX IV. PROJECT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS ................................................................... 104

ANNEX V. DONOR RESPONSE TO THE 2010 APPEAL........................................................................... 105

Table VI: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by cluster).............................................. 105 Table VII: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by appealing organization) .................... 106 Table VIII: Total funding per donor (to projects listed in the Appeal) ................................................... 107 Table IX: Non-Appeal funding (per IASC standard sector) ................................................................ 108 Table X: Total humanitarian assistance per donor (Appeal plus other) ............................................ 109

ANNEX VI. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................... 110

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.

Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from http://fts.unocha.org.

iv

WEST AFRICA - Reference Map

Bobo-Dioulasso

Tamale

KumasiLagos

Port Harcourt

Birnin KebiKano

Gombe

Douala

Campo

ABIDJANSassandra

Kankan

Tambacounda

KaédiTombouctou

La’Youn

Gao

C O N G O

A L G E R I A

G A B O N

GHANA

GUINEA

W E S T E R NS A H A R A

GAMBIA

GUINEABISSAU

EQUATORIALGUINEA

SAO TOMEAND PRINCIPE

LIBERIA

L I B Y A NA R A B

J A M A H I R I Y A

M O R O C C O

M A L I

M A U R I T A N I A

N I G E R

SENEGAL

SIERRALEONE

C H A D

A N G O L A

BURKINA FASO

N I G E R I AC Ô T E

D ' I V O I R E

C A M E R O O N

BENIN

TOGO

LUANDA

BRAZZAVILLE

KINSHASA

LIBREVILLESAO TOME

YAOUNDÉ

FREETOWN

MONROVIA

ACCRA

PORTO-NOVOLOMÉ

ABUJA

BANJUL

BISSAU

DAKAR

BAMAKO OUAGADOUGOU

NIAMEY

NOUAKCHOTT

MALABO

N'DJAMENA

CONAKRY

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Bight of Benin

Gulf ofGuinea

LakeChad

Niger

Gambia

Senegal

Benue

Bight of Biafra

200 - 400

400 - 600

600 - 800

800 - 1,000

1,000 - 1,500

1,500 - 2,000

2,000 - 2,500

2,500 - 3,000

3,000 - 4,000

4,000 - 5,000

5,000 and above

Below sea level

0 - 200

Elevation (meters)

Legend

International boundary

National capital

Populated place

Disclaimers: The designations employed and thepresentation of material on this map do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Map data sources: CGIAR, United Nations CartographicSection, ESRI, Europa Technologies, UN OCHA.

0 500 1,000

km

WEST AFRICA

1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

West Africa’s humanitarian situation remains of deep concern. The region continues to be marked by complex and severe humanitarian crises, often exceeding the populations’ coping capacities and deepening their vulnerability. In 2010, the region was found to have the highest rates of under-five mortality in the world. About one-quarter of all global child deaths occur in West Africa. These grave conditions continue to be aggravated by poor nutrition and inadequate treatment of childhood disease. In terms of food security, over 10 million people were heavily affected by the food crisis in the Sahel, the result of a devastatingly poor 2009/2010 agropastoral season and insufficient rainfall in 2009. Niger was the hardest-hit country with over seven million food-insecure people, requiring the launch of an emergency humanitarian action plan. Considering the situation in Niger, the humanitarian country team decided to undertake its own Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) for 2011 to better focus their common planning and highlight the crisis’ funding needs. Natural disasters increased in both frequency and impact in 2010. Droughts have affected more than 10 million people in the Sahel, and floods have affected 1.45 million. Moreover, cholera outbreaks and dengue fever epidemics hit several countries in the region, affecting the lives of thousands of people. The 2011 West Africa CAP workshop, held in Dakar in September 2010, brought together regional humanitarian partners to look at these challenges. They agreed that the priority axes for humanitarian action in West Africa should focus on (a) ensuring rapid and effective response to humanitarian crises; (b) strengthening populations’ resilience to risks to minimise a crisis’ impact on a country’s development process; and (c) reiterating the importance of complying with fundamental humanitarian principles and gender equality. To achieve these priority axes, four strategic objectives were identified: 1. reduce excess mortality and morbidity in crisis situations 2. reinforce livelihoods of the most vulnerable people severely affected by slow- or sudden-onset

crises 3. ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people 4. strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels Regional sector response plans developed for the 2011 CAP are linked to these four strategic objectives and take into consideration the scenarios envisioned by humanitarian actors. The response plans in the 2011 CAP target delivery of aid to an estimated 1,164,440 food-insecure people and more than 950,000 children suffering from acute malnutrition. More than 27.7 million people living in areas prone to floods, drought and epidemics will directly benefit from health and water-sanitation interventions, while protection activities will target an estimated 1,855,727 people. The financial requirements of the 2011 CAP for West Africa amount to US$1252 million, which is a decrease of 40% compared to the current revised budget of the 2010 CAP (excluding Niger, which has a separate CAP for 2011). The portion of the total requirements dedicated to high-priority projects is 67%. The remaining requirements are dedicated to projects rated medium priority. This year’s CAP includes 113 UN and NGO projects for the 15 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo). 1 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts@reliefweb.int), which will display its requirements and funding on the current appeals page.

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BASIC HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS FOR WEST AFRICA

Percentage of under-fives (2003–2008*) suffering

from: (6) Country

Popula-tion

(millions) (2009)

(1)

Infant mortality rate per 1,000 (under 1 year old) (2008)

(2)

Children under 5

mortality rate per 1,000

(2008) (3)

Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births (2007/08)

(4)

Life expectancy at birth (years) (2008)

(5)

Under-weight

(moderate and

severe)

stunting

(moderate and

severe)

Population not using an improved

water source percentage

(2006) (7)

Number of refugees in

country (Jan. 2010)

(8)

Number of refugees abroad

(9)

Percentage of population living below income

poverty line ($1.25 /day)

(2000-2007) (10)

ECHO GNA score*

(2010/11) Vulnerability Index

(VI)and Crisis Index (CI)

GNI per capita (dollar)

(2009)

(11)

UNDP HDI score and rank (out of

182)

(12)

Benin 8.9 76 121 840 61 23 43 35% 7,205 411 47.3 VI: 3/3 CI: 2/3 750 0.492:161th

(low) Burkina

Faso 15.8 92 169 700 53 32 36 28% 543 986 56.5 VI: 2/3 CI: 3/3 510 0.389:177th

(low) Cape Verde 0.5 24 29 210 71 9 12 20% 24 20.6 VI: 2/3

CI: 0/3 3010 0.708:121nd (medium)

Côte d’Ivoire 21.1 81 114 810 57 20 40 19% 26,604 23,153 23.3 VI: 3/3

CI: 2/3 1060 0.484:163th (low)

Gambia 1.7 80 106 690 56 20 28 14% 10,118 1,973 34.3 VI: 3/3 CI: 0/3 440 0.456:168th

(low)

Ghana 23.8 51 76 560 57 – 28 20% 13,658 14,890 30 VI: 2/3 CI: 0/3 700 0.526:152th

(medium)

Guinea 10.1 90 146 910 58 26 40 30% 15,325 10,920 70.1 VI: 3/3 CI: 0/3 350 0.432:170th

(low) Guinea- Bissau

1.45 (13) 117 195 1100 48 19 47 43% 7,898 1,109 48.8 VI: 3/3

CI: 0/3 250 0.396:173th (low)

Liberia 4.0 100 145 1200 58 24 39 36% 6,943 71,569 83.7 VI: 3/3 CI: 0/3 160 0.422:169th

(low)

Mali 13 103 194 970 48 32 38 40% 13,538 2,926 51.4 VI: 3/3 CI: 3/3 680 0.371:178rd

(low) Maurit-

ania 3.3 75 118 820 57 31 32 40% 26,795 39,143 21.8 VI: 2/3 CI: 0/3 960 0.520:154th

(medium)

Nigeria 154.7 96 186 1100 48 27 41 53% 9,127 15,608 64.4 VI: 3/3 CI: 3/3 340 0.511:158th

(low)

Senegal 12.5 57 108 980 56 17 19 23% 22,151 16,305 33.5 VI: 3/3 CI: 2/3 1140 0.464:166th

(low) Sierra Leone 5.7 123 194 2100 48 – 36 47% 9,049 15,417 53.4 VI: 3/3

CI: 0/3 1030 0.335:180th (low)

Togo 6.6 64 98 510 63 21 27 41% 8,531 18,377 38.7 VI: 2/3 CI: 0/3 340 0.499:159nd

(low) *3/3 = most severe rank Sources: (5, 7, 10, 12) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 2009.The HDI is a summary composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. The ranks run from one to 182, where 182 reflect the lowest level of human development in 2007 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/). (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2010, UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, UNICEF 2010. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), State of the World’s Children 2010: http://www.unicef.org/sowc. Wasting (WHO) – Moderate and severe: Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median weight for age of the WHO growth standards. Stunting (WHO) – Moderate and severe: Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median height for age of the WHO growth standards. (1, 11) World Bank, Key Development Data and Statistics. Atlas Method, 2008/2009; (http://www. worldbank.org). (8, 9) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics for refugees residing in country and originating from referenced country can be found at (http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e45a9c6.html) (13) Guinea Bissau Census, Ministry of Planning 2008

WEST AFRICA

3

Table I: Summary of requirements (grouped by cluster)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2011 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations.

Cluster Requirements ($)

COORDINATION/IM AND SUPPORT SERVICES 20,572,664

EDUCATION 13,266,815

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 9,313,516

FOOD SECURITY 37,947,069

HEALTH 11,699,232

NUTRITION 50,223,404

PROTECTION 98,417,097

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 10,483,429

Grand Total 251,923,226

Table II: Summary of requirements (grouped by priority)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2011 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations.

Priority Requirements ($)

HIGH 168,413,254

MEDIUM 83,509,972

Grand Total 251,923,226

WEST AFRICA

4

Table III: Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2011 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations.

Appealing Organization Requirements ($)

ACF 7,490,791

CISS 982,000

FAO 24,725,312

HKI 9,062,960

HOPE'87 466,000

IOM 5,614,480

IRC 2,283,089

National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies 2,054,024

OCHA 4,747,574

OHCHR 174,000

OXFAM GB 150,000

SIF-France 202,898

UNDP 3,053,566

UNFPA 4,397,988

UNHCR 106,269,457

UNICEF 48,450,522

WFP 24,835,771

WHO 6,962,794

Grand Total 251,923,226

WEST AFRICA

5

2. 2010 IN REVIEW

2.1 Changes in the context and humanitarian achievements/lessons learned in 2010 2.1.1 FOOD SECURITY A. Change in Context Acute deterioration of livelihoods in eastern Sahel in 2010 will lead to assistance needs in 2011: the 2009 crop failure reduced the income of marginal rural populations and created significant fodder and water deficits, affecting the viability of herding activities. By mid-2010, it was estimated that some 10 million people were food-insecure in the eastern Sahel. In Niger, north-eastern Mali, northern Burkina Faso and northern Nigeria, the 2010 food and pastoral crisis has strongly affected the livelihoods of the most vulnerable households. Security constraints have limited humanitarian access in some of the zones hardest hit by the food crisis, in particular areas in northern Mali. The Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) estimates that 20% of pastoralists in Niger lost 80-100% of their livestock in 2010, and the pastoral crisis is expected to continue into early 2011. As a consequence of the food and pastoral crisis, the already high malnutrition rates in the Sahel have exceeded the critical threshold levels in every region. Agropastoralists, pastoralists and labourers without sufficient access to land have been forced to incur significant debt. Despite a favourable rainy season and crop production prospects in West Africa in 2010, households affected by high and extreme food insecurity will continue to face significant difficulties in re-establishing their livelihoods and assets in 2011. Regional food markets and increasing wheat prices: the prices of main cereals reached their seasonal peak in August, exacerbating a substantial decrease in the purchasing power and food access of the most vulnerable households (figure 1). Regional food markets functioned well in Niger in 2010, and markets in the Sahel received supplies of food from the savannah area. The phenomenon limited the extent of price rises on many markets and supported regional food purchase and cash transfer activities. It is expected that food markets will continue to function properly in 2011. Since July 2010 wheat prices have increased by 60% in key export markets, and this may lower the purchasing power of wheat consumers such as the Mauritanian population, for whom wheat accounts for two-thirds of grain consumption (figure 2 and 3). If the price increase is prolonged, the effect on consumers could translate into lower purchasing power and reduced access to food, especially in the Mauritanian urban areas such as Nouakchott and Nouadhibou that are located far from regional coarse-grain-producing areas.

Figure 1: Millet prices in selected markets Figure 2: International wheat prices West African markets (Source FAO)

WEST AFRICA

6

Fig 3: Share of wheat in national grain consumption in West Africa Source: WFP from FAOSTAT data

Rainy season 2010 The 2010 rainy season has been overall satisfactory and hence agricultural and fodder productions are expected to be good. However, delays in planting occurred in central Mali, northern Burkina Faso, in parts of the Tahoua region in Niger. These delays may compromise agricultural yields and consequently limit the restoration of food stocks of affected households. Similarly, localized crop failures have occurred in those areas where July rains were insufficient, including areas in Senegal, Mauritania and Niger. The heavy flooding in 2010 destroyed thousands of hectares of food and cash crops in Benin (128,000 hectares), Burkina Faso (6,500 ha), Niger (5,000 ha), Ghana, Mali and to a lesser extent in the Gambia, Guinea, Senegal and Sierra Leone. More than 70,000 cattle in Niger and 3,000 in Mali died due to the heavy rains. That has further reduced the purchasing power of vulnerable households who are market-dependent for their food. B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned Objective 1: To restore and enhance the livelihoods of households most vulnerable and severely affected by climatic and socio-economic shocks (strategic objectives 2 and strategic objectives 3). Achievements • Food Aid: emergency food distribution (funded by CAP requirements and other sources) was

provided to more than 5,000,000 people facing drought in eastern Sahel (Mali and Niger) and to more than 150,000 flood affected people in Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger and Guinea.

• Livelihoods: Gulf of Guinea countries: strengthening vulnerable farmers’ livelihoods (agricultural production and diversification), “Livelihoods for Nutrition” programs; livelihoods diversification, Sahel: livelihoods strengthening, integrated food security and nutrition programs (see example in Table 1); cash for work, food for work.

WEST AFRICA

7

Table 1: Example of restoration of agriculture and livestock livelihoods response in 2010

Activities Number of

beneficiaries (Households)

Needs coverage by Food and Agriculture

Organization of United Nations (FAO)

Fodder distribution (775 tons) in Kidal 14,000 26% Mali Fodder distribution (300 tons)

Seeds tools fertilizers and Vet Kits 4,250

Fodder distribution (12,611 tons) 89,120 69% Destocking 4,000 7% Cash for Work 8 483 3% Niger

Seeds Distribution (3,483 tons) 331,380 54% Fodder distribution (403 tons); Vet Kits; animal restocking (9,590 heads) 3,530 12%

Burkina Faso Fodder distribution (420 tons); fodder cultures; animal restocking; vet kits 3,700 12%

Lessons learned • Food security and nutrition assessments should be coordinated to support improved responses.

In addition, immediate and basic causes of malnutrition need to be understood and addressed. • Humanitarian responses need to be complemented with approaches to insulate populations

from sudden shocks, including by climatic factors, and to diversify coping mechanisms and support longer-term approaches (social safety nets) to tackle under-nutrition in Sahel countries.

• Alternatives to in-kind distributions should be promoted: cash transfer modalities need to be harmonized especially in Niger. NGO capacity to undertake cash transfers should be enhanced.

• Need to strengthen response coordination including pipeline analysis (timeframe, type of inputs, targeting and procurements).

• Need to improve food security analysis and targeted interventions for pastoral groups. • Need to scale up responses to pastoralists in the Sahel. • Logistics challenges in providing timely and adequate food and fodder need to be overcome,

specifically during the rainy season. • Limited humanitarian access prohibited adequate response in northern Mali and Niger

(insecurity). • When there is good availability of cereals in the region – as in 2010 – there is significant scope

for local and regional purchase of commodities. 70% of World Food Programme (WFP) distributed commodities in the Sahel were purchased locally.

• Delays in funding limited response capacities. • National governments in the region should refrain from restricting food trade, as such

restrictions were an obstacle to regional food procurement in 2010. Objective 2: To coordinate responses with other sectors (Health, Nutrition, WASH) to maintain the malnutrition rate below emergency thresholds (SO1 + SO2) Achievements • Monthly meetings of the Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (FSNWG) for coordination

and information sharing. • Specific meetings about Sahel crisis and pipelines analysis. • Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) meetings reviewing food security issues and

advocacy. • Regional Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger (REACH) initiative. • Emergency preparedness and response (EPR) issues taken into consideration through the

Regional Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (RFSNWG) members’ participation to Emergency Preparedness and Response Working Group.(EPRWG)

• Monthly joint FAO-WFP analytical notes of the food security and nutrition situation. • Planning and coordination of assessments throughout the region.

WEST AFRICA

8

Lessons learned • Need to strengthen response coordination with other sectors (Health, Nutrition, Water,

Sanitation and Hygiene [WASH]) in order to maintain malnutrition rates below emergency thresholds.

Objective 3: Quality and dependable data and analysis will be regularly available for decision-making Achievements • Joint crop and food security assessments in the majority of countries. • Fifth cycle of Food Security Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) analysis in Côte d’Ivoire. • Joint West basin market assessments. • Sharing data from the field (non-governmental organizations [NGOs] – United Nations) about

prices and markets, households’ food security situation, global acute malnutrition (GAM). • National food security and vulnerability assessments in Niger, Mauritania, Senegal, Liberia and

Sierra Leone (the last three are still ongoing). • Nineteen household economic analysis (HEA) concerning agricultural, agropastoral, pastoral

and urban areas of Mauritania, Mali and Niger. Lessons learned • The joint West basin market assessments initiative should be reproduced elsewhere. • Need to work to improve availability of data and/or of reliable/updated data. • Need to reach a common analysis of the food security situation as well as refining and rolling

out appropriate tools. • Response targeting should be improved. • Continue HEA in the region. 2.1.2 NUTRITION A. Change in Context West Africa is plagued with persistent high prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age. The negative effects of malnutrition in West and Central Africa are reflected in the infant and under-five mortality rates (MRs) which have recently been found to be the highest among all regions in the world (Child Mortality Report, September 2010). The MRs are strongly affected by the crisis levels of malnutrition that are commonly found during the hunger season throughout the Sahel region. As the effects of the food price crisis faded, the flooding combined with the loss of livestock and poor crop production in the Sahel regions of late 2009 presented dramatic warning signs for the nutrition situation of 2010. This was followed by meningitis and measles outbreaks early in the year across the Sahel. With the onset of rains, cholera outbreaks were identified in Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad by mid-year along with annual malaria season throughout the Sahel. The most critical effects of acute and chronic malnutrition are set in the first two years of life. After the first six months of life, children need nutrients and energy from complementary foods to accompany those provided through breastfeeding. Children from 6 to 23 months of age on average require between 400 and 850 kilocalories of complementary foods per day (with continued breastfeeding supplying about 1/3 needed calories in children of developing countries). This relatively small amount of complementary food needed helps to demonstrate that it is not so much the quantity of food but quality of feeding and care practices that cause malnutrition in children both in the hunger and post-harvest seasons. In 2010, funding received through projects included in the CAP helped to improve the monitoring of nutrition trends. Nutrition surveys with standardized monitoring and assessment of relief in transitions (SMART) methods were conducted in Mauritania, Guinea Conakry (urban Conakry), Sierra Leone,

WEST AFRICA

9

Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo (northern provinces), Nigeria (northern states), Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. The majority of these surveys were conducted around the peak period of the hunger season as recommended. In Mali, the survey was conducted over four months starting in the post-harvest season and in Burkina Faso, the survey data collection began at the end of hunger season and beginning of post-harvest season (September-October). Nutrition conditions were found to be much worse among populations in the Sahelian countries than the coastal countries. As GAM is the primary indicator used for identification of nutrition crises (World Health Organization (WHO) 2000), this indicator is highlighted. Results from the Niger national nutrition survey from 2010 found a GAM of 16.7%2, higher than the prevalence reported in 2005. Regional results from the Mauritania national nutrition survey found the highest prevalence of GAM reported in the populous regions of Gorgol (19.9%3) and Guidimaka (19.8%4). Survey results from coastal countries found a national prevalence of GAM of 2.8% in Liberia5 and 6.8% in Sierra Leone.6 In Sierra Leone, the highest prevalence of GAM was found in urban Freetown (around 9%) with no difference found in slum areas versus non-slum areas. This is most likely due to the difficulty of demarcation of slum versus non-slum areas in the complex and diverse urban environment. Results from urban Guinea Conakry found a GAM prevalence of 7.1%.7 The coastal countries have a much higher risk of outbreaks of bilateral oedema compared to Sahelian countries. The seasonality of bilateral oedema is not well described, but the surveys conducted in July and August in Sierra Leone and Liberia found few cases among the survey population (less than 0.5%). In April, initial assessments reported that about 850,000 children under five were estimated to need treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) for the year 2010 across the Sahel region. CAP funding helped to scale up SAM treatment throughout West Africa. The largest needs were identified in Niger and northern Nigeria. By the first week of September, over 217,000 cases of SAM had been treated by the Niger national program, 22,000 in Burkina Faso, 17,000 in Mali, 13,000 cases in northern Nigeria, 8,000 in northern Cameroon and 3,000 in Mauritania. Among the coastal countries, Sierra Leone and Togo have developed strong programs for the management of SAM that are quickly approaching high levels of coverage and have treated about 22,000 and 6,000 cases respectively. In addition to the scale-up of SAM treatment programs throughout West Africa, approaches are needed to prevent children from becoming acutely malnourished. One such approach is the ‘blanket’ feeding of young children with nutritionally adequate products, coupled to the administration of protection rations or other safety nets for other family members. Greater advocacy is also required to ensure that emergency responses are accompanied by relief and transition funding that can be invested in disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the fragile West Africa region. B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned Achievements • Monthly nutrition working group meetings for coordination using REACH approach. • Identification of regional champion for nutrition for high level advocacy within the region. • Completion of infant and young child nutrition research for prevention of malnutrition • Completed regional evaluation of management of SAM national programs.

2 95% confidence interval: 15.6 - 17.9%. 3 95% CI: 16.8 - 23.5%. 4 95% CI: 17.2 - 22.7% 5 95% CI: 2.3 - 3.3%. 6 95% CI: 6.3 - 7.3%. 7 95% CI: 5.4 - 8.7%.

WEST AFRICA

10

• Two regional nutrition in emergencies trainings (four national trainings in planning stages for 2010).

• Establishment of two supply hubs (in Accra and Douala) for expedited delivery of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF).

• Produced ‘pipeline report’ on RUTF stocks management and management of acute malnutrition.

• Media training on nutrition to raise the level of awareness on nutrition issues. Lessons learned • It is possible to scale up the treatment of SAM to a large scale. • Timely arrival of emergency funds is crucial for management of SAM in crisis situations. • The number of SAM cases may remain high until after the October 2010 harvest despite

expected improvements in food security. • New preventive approaches such as blanket feeding in crisis situations show promise. • Advocacy should also address underlying causes to prevent recurrence of similar crises in the

future. • Remaining issues on best methods for management of moderate malnutrition. • Greater coordination and monitoring and evaluation activities are needed for improved blanket

feeding programming. • Funding gaps remain for comprehensive programming on acute malnutrition. 2.1.3 HEALTH A. Changes in Context Patterns of disease epidemics in West Africa are strongly rooted in cultural, socio-economic and political factors. The region continues to be threatened by a large scale of potential epidemic diseases such as meningitis, cholera, yellow fever, measles and other hemorrhagic fevers. It is also characterized by a protracted health vulnerability situation due to past conflicts in the region leading to population movement, which is compounded by the effects of natural and human made disasters. Countries in West Africa are not adequately equipped to respond to the resulting needs of the population, which often leads to high morbidity and mortality among the most vulnerable. Rates of acute and chronic malnutrition, and related morbidity and mortality, which seem to be under control, are increasing in the region, and infectious diseases could spread at faster rates as well. People living below the poverty line and many women and girls in West African countries still do not have access to adequate essential health care services either because these are not available or often require large, out of pocket expenditures. Moreover, the lack of access and incomplete coverage by surveillance systems continue to increase the chance of further spread of diseases. Natural disasters will only tend to worsen the state of health of most vulnerable groups. The current floods in the region have affected the spread of communicable diseases, mainly diarrhoeal diseases plus vector-borne diseases like malaria, and some haemorrhagic fever (yellow fever). Living and socio-economic conditions of flood-affected populations increase risks to children under-five of contracting acute respiratory infections and measles and in some areas reduced access to life-saving maternal and newborn care, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Tetanus toxic vaccine has been made available for preventing tetanus where needed. The recent flood events have also demonstrated the vulnerability of health facilities with costly damage and loss of functionality when health services are required to respond to emergencies. In 2010, flooding caused damage to 92 health facilities in Benin and in 2009, the main hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, resulted in unavailability of critical services such as renal dialysis, due to flood-damage to equipment. Cape Verde and Côte d’Ivoire experienced a dengue fever epidemic, the effects of which were mitigated using existing surge capacity to support the response. Cases of cholera have been reported in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Togo and recently in Ghana.

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Cholera has been a particular concern in Nigeria where available government data show that a total of 38,037 cases, including 1,551 deaths at a case fatality rate (CFR) of 4.1% were recorded in 15 states as of October 2010. The outbreak is ongoing and continues to spread to new geographical areas. Drugs and other medical supplies have been distributed by the Health Ministry to all affected states. WHO, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Médecins sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders / MSF) and other partners continue to support the government in the response. Case management, health, education, active monitoring and water chlorination activities are ongoing in all affected areas. As of end September 2010, a cumulative total of 1029 cases and 66 deaths from cholera were reported in three regions in Niger at a case fatality proportion of 6.41%. Preventive and control measures are ongoing. Benin has experienced cholera outbreaks since the beginning of the year. As of the end of September, 82 new cases were reported, bringing the cumulative total number of cases to 722, including seven deaths (case fatality proportion of 0.9%). Surveillance, case management and sensitization of the population are ongoing. A recent WHO assessment from May 2010 in Sierra Leone indicates very poor health indicators with infant mortality rates and under-five mortality rates of 89/1,000 and 140/1,000 respectively. The maternal mortality rate was 857 per 100,000 births due to difficult access to health care and poor quality of treatment (deficient and lacking equipment, drugs, other supplies; human resources problems.)

Nigeria: States/Local government areas affected by Cholera, Wk01-38, 2010

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The threat by the lead contamination in Zamfara state in Nigeria is still present since the end of October. At least 400 children are reported to have died since the detection of the outbreak in March 2010. Over 2,000 children are reported to be intoxicated with lead above the acceptable limit of 10ug/dl. At least four additional contaminated villages have been detected bringing the total number to 12. Case management, active surveillance and community health education are ongoing. A Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) grant of approximately $2 million was recently received following a joint WHO/UNICEF proposal to provide for unmet emergency needs over a three months period. WHO has acquired the chelating agent (Succimer) valued at $653,000 for case management and also engaged a full-time consultant based in Zamfara to provide technical support to the Government, strengthen the coordination of response activities and update operational plans among others. In response to these health emergencies across the region, health actors supported the affected countries in implementing prevention and control measures including enhanced monitoring, case management, and using a community-based approach. For instance, preventive activities by UN agencies and NGOs helped to avoid new cholera outbreaks. Improving access to basic health services for vulnerable groups (especially mothers and children) will continue to be a priority. B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned

Sector objectives for 2010

Achievements Challenges

To provide appropriate outbreak prevention and response

Regional agencies provided support to countries facing major disease outbreaks: meningitis and cholera (Nigeria, Niger and Burkina), yellow fever, haemorrhagic fever (Côte d’Ivoire), measles (Senegal). 8,240,000 people assisted. The response to the meningitis, cholera and measles outbreaks included reinforced monitoring of the disease, along with case management, health education, and timely administration of vaccine. The response to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and strengthening sensitization and communication activities were key actions to

Lack of data/evidence on key issues such as maternal and child mortality. Lack of monitoring and efficient health system in countries with security issues and very high level of poverty. Lack of evidence on data regarding maternal and under-five mortality.

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Sector objectives for 2010

Achievements Challenges

mitigate the spread of diseases in all countries in the region. The reinforcement of a community-based approach helped to decrease the spread of cholera in countries reporting cases.

Lack of plan for frequent epidemic diseases; lack of an efficient nutritional surveillance and alert system.

To improve access of the most vulnerable people to essential preventive and curative health services

Regional partners continue support to countries. Funds were mobilised in Guinea, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso to improve access to health care. Outcomes of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) project on HIV/AIDS in the Mano River region capitalised. In response to lead poisoning in Nigeria, WHO/UNICEF procured $2 million in CERF funding and WHO has engaged a consultant on the ground.

Need to ensure continued epidemic and nutrition surveillance and alerts for the region. Stock prepositioning, lack of resources for preparedness. Lack of local capacity to prevent and respond to protection needs of the most vulnerable populations.

To strengthen the nutritional and medical support to vulnerable groups

In March 2010, response to the lead poisoning affecting mostly children under-five in Zamfara State, Nigeria after information shared by MSF. Targeted groups assisted in Senegal, Burkina Faso and Niger during floods.

Coordination at regional level when not all partners are present in Dakar. Availability of funds.

To strengthen disease and nutritional surveillance for EW (Health Information System).

Routine activities of disease and nutrition monitoring across the region with WHO support. Improved government capacity to respond to disease outbreaks. Investigation and response monitoring conducted in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Niger, and Côte d’Ivoire, who received WHO funds for monitoring of diseases and nutritional status.

Lack of information flow and consultation between regional and national structures. Lack of availability of data; lack of funding and budget restrictions. Follow-up or commitment on EP measures. Stock prepositioning (lack of resources to scale up activities, preparedness, only 20% of requested funds were actually mobilised)

To strengthen regional coordination with appropriate data collection for joint priority identification and response

Coordination activities at country level as well as information exchange at regional level for resource mobilization. Information shared among Health partners. Monthly HC meetings and agreed plan of action. Regional support provided to improve coordination and mobilize resources (local sources, CERF and appeals) including Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Nigeria, and Senegal.

Scaling up resources - lack of capacity at regional level. Lack of supervision due to inaccessibility to some regions. Funding mobilisation (only 20% of required funds received). Poor flight connection in the region which delay timely interventions where needed in the region

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2.1.4 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) A. Change in Context WASH activities throughout Western Africa continue to address health and nutrition needs, in particular following displacements due to flooding and in cases of water-borne and sanitation related diseases. The food and nutritional crisis in the Sahel has increased the need for WASH program interventions. The exceptional floods witnessed in 2010 in West Africa which affected 13 out of the 16 countries in the region have required increased WASH interventions to mitigate the spread of water borne diseases (ex: cholera outbreak affecting Benin, Nigeria, and Niger) and to provide access to safe water for the most vulnerable populations. B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned The year showed good results in countries (ex: Guinea Bissau) where WASH cluster preparedness was improved and the WASH cluster tools increasingly used across the region. Following the success of the cholera pilot project in Guinea and Guinea Bissau, the importance of improving epidemiological monitoring along with locally appropriated and decentralized WASH responses in flood prone areas was highlighted. Sector targets, achievements and challenges in 2010

WASH Sector objectives for 2010

Indicator 2010 Target Achieved

Objective 1) Timely and coordinated WASH response to humanitarian emergencies.

Number of people receiving the WASH minimum package of interventions in response to humanitarian emergencies (cholera < 48 hours; flood victims < 72 hours; displaced or host victims < 1 week).

2,150,000 beneficiaries [(1) Cholera vulnerable people: 600,000; (2) Flood victims: 350,000; (3) Displaced or host victims: 375,000; (4) Malnutrition affected people: 825,000]

Benin, Guinea, Chad, Liberia, and Nigeria: approximately 500,000 people living in high risk area received hygiene kits and household water treatment such as purification tabs of chlorine. Not all targeted beneficiaries were assisted due to low levels of preparedness and funding for WASH projects

Objective 2) WASH humanitarian coordination, preparedness and risk reduction.

Number of targeted countries with WASH humanitarian preparedness and risk reduction programs (number of CPs including mapping and stockpiling; existing functional WASH cluster or task force; WASH country officers trained, WASH cluster tools implemented).

13 countries

Benin, Niger, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Mali and Nigeria: contingency (national or regional) plans validated, stockpiling of WASH kits disseminated, tools for cholera monitoring and hygiene promotion updated in Guinea and Guinea Bissau

Objective 3) Systematic integration of key WASH activities into nutrition humanitarian response programs.

Number of targeted countries with joint WASH / nutrition humanitarian response programs (number of WASH and nutrition humanitarian interventions, number of people receiving the minimum nutrition package).

13 countries

Niger, Mali and Chad: WASH facilities provided for around 500 health centres and in high malnutrition zones, integrated WASH and food security assessment done in Niger. Low level of implementation due to weak comprehension of the WASH Nutrition approach

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Short analysis including challenges The WASH strategy in the region is closely coordinated with other sectors, mainly Health, Protection and Nutrition. The cholera sub regional pilot project during 2009 and 2010 which focused on Guinea and Guinea Bissau has shown the efficiency and positive impact of a reinforced epidemiological surveillance on high risk areas combined with appropriate WASH response at the local level. The WASH challenges to be addressed include the following: • the generally slow response to emergencies in countries without Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs (OCHA) coordination and weak cluster approach • the need to better integrate the WASH package in nutrition responses targeting especially the preventive

and curative side • the expansion of the pilot response to cholera in Guinea and Guinea Bissau to other vulnerable countries in

order to strengthen their preparedness, monitoring and response in emergencies • the full WASH package including safe water supply and access to sanitation facilities (not only excreta

disposal) and key hygiene practices should be provided in emergency response in order to have an impact on health, dignity and well-being

2.1.5 PROTECTION A. Change in Context West Africa continues to be a region witnessing protracted refugee situations and internally displaced people due to past conflicts and continued instability. While the organized repatriation operation of Mauritanian refugees from Senegal brought to 19,048 the number of people repatriated by 31 December 2009, the repatriation of the remaining 7000 to 8000 in 2010, has then been put on hold. In October 2010, the repatriation operation resumed, allowing 121 Mauritanian refugees to return to their home country from Senegal. On the other hand, as many as 10,000 Mauritanian refugees still remain in Mali and have expressed their wish to repatriate. The promotion of durable solutions, local integration in particular, remains the main strategy for some of 149,810 refugees in the region. Following peaceful elections in Togo in February, the number of returns is expected to increase. Togo has also experienced an influx of refugees from Ghana, due to inter-ethnic conflict. Furthermore, the protracted and widespread food security crisis in the Sahel countries has affected child protection, the impact of which needs to be further analyzed. In 2010, hundreds of thousands of children and women were affected by recurrent flooding in a number of countries (Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Togo, the Gambia, Nigeria, Niger and Senegal) exposing them to multiple risks and increasing needs of humanitarian assistance such as shelter, food, access to psychosocial support and emergency education and health services. The pre-election situation in countries such as Guinea, Nigeria, and Côte d’Ivoire shows alarming levels of violence, including sexual violence, to which many children and young people are exposed. These youth need special protection from involvement with armed groups, and arbitrary detention.

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B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned Sector

objectives for 2010

Indicator 2010 Target Achieved

Objective 1 - Prevent and respond to problems of protection and promote durable solutions for displaced people (refugees, IDPs, returnees, migrants and stateless people).

• Data collected for migrants and internally displaced people (IDPs) by age, sex and vulnerability.

• Number of stranded migrants returned to their countries and reintegrated.

• Number of people who received legal assistance.

• Documentation issued to people in

need. • Number of people repatriated. • Number of beneficiaries of local

integration programs. • Number of individuals resettled. • Number of micro-credits provided. • Number of mediation/alternative

disputes resolution centres established.

• Number of trainings provided. • Number of people trained. • Number of joint training sessions

with Economic Community of West African Countries (ECOWAS) provided.

• Number of joint border monitoring missions with ECOWAS.

• At least one data collection per population within the year.

• 3,000 people • 15% of the total

population • 100% • 12.580 refugees

repatriated in West Africa.

• 11.000 Mauritanian

refugees in 2010. • 5 training sessions and

134,719 beneficiaries of LI programs.

• 1,320 cases in need of

resettlement and 795 cases planed with current resources.

• 700 urban refugees

and 400 Mauritanian returnees.

• 9 mediation/alternative

dispute resolution centres to be set up.

• 20 training programs

implemented. • 600 people trained. • 3 joint training of

ECOWAS.

• 3 joint border monitoring missions.

• Achieved for refugees.

• 1,107 people • Achieved for

asylum seekers, not achieved for refugees.

• 7.9% of target achieved.

• 121 returns

achieved for Mauritanians.

• 68.7% of target

achieved. • 8% of target

achieved. • 30% of target

for urban refugees.

• Not achieved. • Achieved over

the target. • Achieved over

the target. • Not achieved. • Not achieved.

Objective 2 - Prevent and respond to abuse, exploitation, neglect and violence against

• Number of monthly reports on child protection caseload and humanitarian intervention.

• Number of children demobilized.

• 10 countries have monitoring and reporting system in place.

• 1.200 estimated

children recruited in Guinea by Conseil

• 50% achieved.

• 19.8% of the target achieved.

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children and youth in situation of crisis.

• Number of children reunified and

reintegrated.

• Percentage of child-headed household assisted.

• Net enrolment ratio in primary

education (by gender).

• Number of school supplies provided. • Number of furniture provided. • Number of teachers provided. • Number of training provided. • Number of people trained.

national pour la démocratie et le développement (National Council for Democracy and Development).

• 500 children assisted and reintegrated.

• 100% of identified child headed household are assisted.

• 100% of refugee

children enrolled. • At least 6 training

programmes organised and 10% of people trained.

• Achieved. • Achieved. • 49% of children

enrolled. • 4 trainings out

of 6.

Objective 3 - Prevent and respond to gender-based violence in situation of crisis.

• Percentage of cases that received legal assistance.

• Number of gender-based violence (GBV) coordination. system established.

• Percentage of GBV survivors reporting to health facilities that received post-exposure prophylaxis within 72 hours.

• Percentage of victims assisted.

• Number of training provided and percentage of people trained.

• Percentage of female headed

household receiving livelihoods support.

• Percentage of people trained.

• 75% of GBV survivors. • At least 12. • 100% • 75% of GBV survivors.

• At least 10 training

programmes implemented and 10% of people trained.

• At least 30 training programmes implemented and 10% of people trained on prevention and response to protection problems of children.

• At least 500 armed forces personnel trained in children protection, including GBV.

• Train 10 female jurist as trainers and 300 female para-legals from the beneficiary communities in Mauritania.

• 50% of identified cases. • 10% of refugees

trained on GBV. • 300 security forces

trained in Côte d’Ivoire.

• Achieved 100% • Not achieved. • Achieved for

refugees. • Achieved for

refugees. • Achieved. • 40% of target

achieved.

• Not achieved. • Achieved. • Achieved in

Benin. • Achieved (500

trained).

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Short analysis including challenges The Protection Sector suffers from lack of funding for protection activities in the region; it is the sector that is the most difficult to measure in terms of concrete needs and impact indicators. Protection projects are therefore often underestimated by donors and the consequences of the resulting lack of funds are becoming increasingly severe in a region continually facing protection challenges. The following is a summary of protection challenges in the region: • lack of funding for protection activities in the region • the viability of some of the systems/programs is questioned due to the lack of accountability. • high turnover of governmental counterparts • weak implementation and enforcement of existing laws, policies • regional instability • limited governmental and non-governmental structures, capacities, resources, and weak coordination • some existing social norms and beliefs hamper efforts to confront child rights violations • access to the population (distance, roads) • refugees are dispersed in the local population • working group coordination and collaboration needs further improvement • child protection issues need to be prioritised and addressed in food crisis areas

2.1.6 COORDINATION A. Change in Context In 2010, humanitarian partners worked to reinforce regional and national coordination capacity to better prepare for and respond to the transnational nature of crises, threats and risks that affect the highly vulnerable region of West Africa, by working with political/security actors, development agencies and regional organizations. Working to build regional capacity to respond to emergencies, humanitarian partners facilitated the signature of an agreement between ECOWAS and the government of Mali to establish the first ECOWAS regional humanitarian stockpile, coinciding with the ECOWAS three year strategic humanitarian planning meeting that was organized in Dakar in May 2010. During the Annual Regional Consultation on National Disasters, co-facilitated by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and OCHA, a Regional Steering Committee (RSC) was established in May 2010 to oversee and coordinate preparedness and coordination activities for natural disasters. Discussions with relevant stakeholders have been completed regarding a regional observatory for vulnerabilities, which will be taken up at the Regional Directors Team (RDT) level to mobilize funding. A Civil-Military Coordination Training was organized in Ghana in October 2010. In an effort to reinforce the capacity of the Resident Coordination system throughout the region, 29 missions were organized to support Resident Coordinators (RCs), Humanitarian Coordinators (HCs) and Humanitarian Country Teams (HCTs), notably to Niger, Ghana, Togo, Guinea Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso. Humanitarian action was supported through the common provision of services in response to 14 emergencies, including dengue fever in Cape Verde, the Niger food crisis, Ghana refugee crisis, the lead poisoning crisis in Nigeria, and the floods in Benin and Burkina Faso. Seven regional IASC meetings have been organized in support of regional and country responses to emergencies, including the Sahel food crisis and the Guinea political crisis. International/national humanitarian coordination/DRR officers were attached to RC offices in Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, and Mali in 2010, and a HCT was established in Niger at the end of February.

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B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned

Objective 1: Support humanitarian coordination by reinforcing the Resident Coordination System in the region

Indicator Target Achieved Percentage of support missions deployed in response to a request from RC and/or HCTs

100% 29 missions were organized to support the RCs/HCTs since the beginning of the year (ex: Niger, Ghana, Guinea, Togo, Guinea Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, etc).

Number of national Humanitarian coordination officers attached to the RC’ office in the region

- International and national humanitarian coordination and DRR officers attached to RC offices in Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, and Mali. No additional posts created so far due to budget restrictions.

Number of Humanitarian country teams (HCT) established

- 1 HCT established in Niger end of February.

Number of national humanitarian affairs officers and coordination officers trained on core humanitarian principles and response tools

- 1 training organized in 2010.

Objective 2: Enhanced regional capacity for advocacy and decision-making by spearheading common information management systems

Indicator Target Achieved Monitoring and early warning systems (EWS) integrate all information available across the region; function on a continuous basis; and are used by key stakeholders

- In progress. To be continued in 2011

Information produced by EWS are synthesized into decision-making and monitoring dashboards

- In progress. To be continued in 2011

OCHA website regularly updated with key humanitarian information

Ad hoc OCHA website is updated at least once a week.

Users survey conducted on the OCHA web pages (sector working groups) and the use of dashboard and country profiles by OCHA’ constituency

1 user survey to be conducted by the end of the year

To be organized by end of the year.

Regional observatory is established - Discussion completed with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) regional office, to be discussed at RDT meeting to mobilize resources.

Regular briefings are provided to key stakeholders and decisions makers (sector leads, heads of civil defence agencies, political actors etc).

Ad hoc More than 15 briefings were provided to political actors, UN and NGO executive directors, donors, head of civil defence agencies, etc.

Objective 3: Reinforce regional and national capacities to respond to emergencies Indicator Target Achieved

Number of simulation exercises requested by RCs/HCs in the region and number CPs updated

100% of requests from RCs/HCs have been successfully met

100% of support requests met (ex: Inter Agency simulation exercise facilitated in Côte d'Ivoire. Pandemic simulation exercise conducted in Senegal at community level)

Number of countries using a common rapid needs assessment form

4 by the end of the year

3 countries have been trained and adopted a common rapid assessment form (Cap Verde, Guinea and Mauritania). In addition, Benin, Togo and Guinea Bissau have requested training in this methodology.

Number of regional IASC meetings organized in support to regional/country responses to emergencies

Ad hoc 7 regional IASC meetings organized mainly on the Sahel food crises and Guinea’s political developments.

Number of regional preparedness actions conducted with disaster management agencies

- RSC (Chaired by Cape Verde’s President of Civil Protection Agency) was established in May 2010 to oversee and coordinate preparedness and coordination activities for natural disasters.

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Workshop on the strategic partnership for preparedness (SPP) initiative for assessing response capacity. organized in Dakar in April 2010. SPP initiative rolled out in Ghana, with the support of the National Disaster Management Organization in July 2010. First assessment mission with Cape Verdean Civil Protection in Guinea Bissau for the establishment of a National Civil Protection Agency. First Civil-Military Coordination Course organized in West Africa in Accra in October 2010

Development of a roadmap for capacity-building in search and rescue (SAR) at national and regional level. Start-up of regional stockpiles

Roadmap developed by end of year

The Government of Mali and ECOWAS have signed an agreement for the establishment of the regional stockpile. ECOWAS three year Strategic Planning Meeting organized in Dakar in April 2010. Initial discussions with European Union (EU) civil protection agencies to enhance regional response capacity. Ghana selected to participate to International Search and Rescue Advisory Group Global Meeting.

Number of personnel trained and active in the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) system

1 UNDAC familiarization training to be organized. At least 3 national personnel trained

First UNDAC familiarization course organized for the Economic Community of Central African States member states in September. One UNDAC deployment in Benin. UNDAC team included staff member from Disaster Management Agency of the Region.

Number of joint missions conducted with ECOWAS emergency teams

100% No mission organized so far in 2010.

Agreement reached for the establishment of a regional school for civil defence and disaster management

By the end of the year

Cape Verde Government has expressed readiness to host the Regional Search and Rescue School.

Mapping of capacity and gaps of regional organizations in disaster management

By the end of the year

Organized with International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) and ECOWAS during the 4th quarter.

Objective 4: Support humanitarian action through provision of common services Indicator Target Achieved

Expanded United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) services across the region

- UNHAS has received additional funding to maintain its presence in Niger for few months. However UNHAS service for the coastal area of West Africa closed down in June due to lack of funding.

Number of emergencies responded in time through the provision of common services.

100% 16 emergencies responded to (Dengue, Cape Verde; Niger food crisis; Ghana refugee crisis; Nigeria lead poisoning crisis; Floods: Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Benin, Senegal, Liberia, Guinea, Gambia, Mali, Sierra Leone)

Number of mapping products developed and used on a regular basis or in response to emergency situations

Ad hoc 48 different mapping products were produced and disseminated since the beginning of the year.

Objective 5: Reinforce sector and inter sector coordination Indicator Target Achieved

Number of regional sector working groups contributing to the CAP process.

6 All regional sector working groups participated actively to the CAP process.

Humanitarian thresholds approach introduced, tested and fully functional

By end of year Ongoing, to be continued in 2011.

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Indicator Target Achieved

Sector working groups are fully functional and meet regularly

6 All regional sector working groups have terms of reference and meet regularly.

Number of monthly meetings of the sector working groups organized to agree on common actions

6 42 regional sector working group meetings organized since the beginning of the year. Food and Nutrition: 11 meetings. EPR: 9 meetings and 1 workshop. Protection: 7 meetings. WASH: 8 meetings. Health: 7 meetings and 1 workshop.

2.1.7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS A. Change in Context Natural disasters, socio-economic and political shocks are increasingly recurrent in West Africa. Most countries lack adequate capacity to respond to emergencies due to multiple factors, including poverty, weak government capacity, socio-political instability and, in some cases, reduced coping capacities of the population as a consequence of armed conflicts. Climate change is also posing an additional challenge to most countries in West Africa since it is exacerbating the intensity and recurrence of natural disasters such as floods, drought, or epidemics. In 2010 the rainy season has had once again serious consequences on the region since it has caused floods that have so far affected 1,452,888 people and provoked 337 deaths and aggravated the nutritional situation in a region where more than 800,000 children under five years are affected by SAM. Serious economic damages such as the destruction of public services and infrastructures (including health facilities and schools), crops, livestock, and houses have also occurred and have had a heavy impact on people’s livelihoods. Responding to humanitarian crises in the region remains particularly challenging due the complexity and diversity of the crises and their trans-national nature. This situation requires a more substantial, coordinated and coherent engagement of all relevant actors to enhance local preparedness and response capacity and mitigate the impact of such events on lives and livelihoods. In an effort to strengthen multi-sectoral national and regional capacity in preparedness and response the EPRWG has been involved in a wide range of emergency preparedness (EP) initiatives and programs such as supporting governments to develop their multi-sectoral national contingency plans (NCP) and assess their capacities for response preparedness. Support through training in preparedness and rapid needs assessment has also been provided. Within this context, continued efforts are needed to strengthen partnerships between UN agencies, regional institutions, national governments, NGOs and all other relevant actors in order to reinforce EP capacities to better address the high vulnerability of the population and ensure national and regional ownership in responding to emergencies. However, and while no contributions have been received for EP projects in 2010, funding is essential to continue and sustain the efforts of all actors to better prepare, mitigate and respond to rapid onset emergencies.

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B. Humanitarian Achievements and Lessons Learned Objective 1: Streamline information management and exchange in order to facilitate decision-making, prioritization and planning

Indicator Target Achieved Number of multi-agency platform meeting reports disseminated

EP Task Force monthly meetings Quarterly progress reports submitted to the Regional IASC and the RDT

Minutes and relevant documents of the EPRWG are distributed on a regular basis. (10 EPRWG meetings organized so far) The Mid Year Review report/matrix was prepared

Number of post-crisis assessment reports disseminated and percentage of key recommendations endorsed and applied by HCTs

Mid-Year Retreat Technical Working Groups reviewing specific aspects or conducting specific studies

2 Post-floods study exercises conducted in Burkina Faso and Senegal (Post Disaster Needs Assessment)

On-line site functioning and number of hits

Webpage on EPR is regularly updated (at least monthly)

Webpage on EPR has been updated on a monthly basis.

Objective 2: Systematize Risk Analysis and Mapping Indicator Target Achieved

Number of risks analysis and mapping reports disseminated and percentage of analysis used in planning process

Quarterly progress reports submitted to the regional IASC and the RDT

Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery /Global Risk Identification Programme methodology has been piloted in Cape Verde (end of June) and adapted tools prepared.

Guidelines disseminated to all countries and analysis conducted by HCT

Mid-year Review None

Socio-political EW system reference documents approved

EW matrix Information for the EW and Early Action report has been prepared and should be shared with the EPRWG for comments and inputs - Ongoing

Number of pilot tests completed Pilot countries already identified (all areas of coastal region and Sahel)

Objective 3: Enhance EP mechanisms Indicator Target Achieved

Number of EPR capacity assessment conducted and percentage of key recommendations endorsed and applied by HCT

Quarterly progress reports submitted to the Regional IASC and the RDT Mid-year Review

• Methodology for Strategic Partnership for Preparedness (SPP) organized. Ghana pilot country.

• EPR capacity assessment exercise conducted in Nigeria with National Emergency Management Agency

• EPR diagnostics conducted in Sierra Leone.

Number of training conducted and percentage of satisfactory rating from participants

Back to Office reports • Training on the REDLAC rapid needs assessment methodology (Cap Verde, Mauritania and Guinea).

• 3 EPR Trainings: Sierra Leone, Guinea Conakry, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire and one in Nigeria.

• Emergency training and emergency simulation exercise conducted in Nigeria (Abuja, Enugu, Lagos, Kaduna and Bauchi).

• Education in Emergencies 2 day Workshop and a half day sensitization session organized in Mauritania.

• Education in Emergencies training materials and resource packages reviewed and adapted to the region; additional training sessions developed.

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• Two regional trainings of trainers on Education in Emergencies organized for 19 countries (all West African countries participated with the exception of Cape Verde).

• Emergencies trainings at country level: regional support provided to 12 countries on the ground (in West Africa Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, Togo, Benin, Ghana, Mauritania).

Number of contingency planning process supported and related documents shared

Final Annual report • Support to the IACP in Togo, Benin, Senegal, Mali and Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire.

• Support to update NCP in Ghana and Sierra Leone.

• Ongoing project to include pandemic influenza issues in NCP.

• Contingency planning presentations to enable non-health sectors to respond in case of pandemic (Burkina Faso, Ghana).

Objective 4: Strengthen EP concepts and practices at regional and country level Indicator Target Achieved

Roster set up, number of experts listed and number of support mission conducted by listed people

By mid year None

Number of simulation exercises organized and percentage of satisfactory rating from participants

Evaluation report of inter-agency simulation exercise

1 emergency simulation exercise organized in Côte d'Ivoire and 1 pandemic simulation exercise conducted in Senegal at community level. 7 countries have been identified by EPRWG as potential priority countries for simulation exercises (among West Africa: Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Niger, etc).

Workshop organized and percentage of satisfactory rating from participants

Not determined 2 national pandemic preparedness and response plan prepared (Guinea Bissau, Senegal)

Objective 5: Strengthen regional partnerships and coordination mechanisms Indicator Target Achieved

Number of meetings organized with ECOWAS and relevant regional institutions and number of technical support provided

Not determined • 2 Consultative meetings between ECOWAS and partners on ECOWAS programs in humanitarian and social issues.

• Participation in the workshop between ECOWAS and partners for the regional study on floods impact in West Africa. .

• Regional consultation on Natural Disasters and Flood Preparedness for West and Central Africa (Cape Verde).

Number of sub-regional Contingency Plan (CP) process assisted and percentage of key recommendations endorsed and applied and HCT

Guinea+6, CI+5, 3C: to be updated by the end of the year

• Guinea+6: a team has been sent to Guinea Bissau to work on operational CP.

• Guinea + 6 and CI+5: regional CP regularly updated and information disseminated.

Exchange /information sharing system set-up with other regional task forces/Institutions worldwide

Priorities: African Union, ECOWAS, ECCAS, BAD, ISDR, UNEP

None

WEST AFRICA

24

2.2 Humanitarian funding analysis

Funding of the 2010 West Africa Consolidated Appeal The original CAP 2010 requirements of $368 million were revised upwards to $775 million at the end of July, mainly to reflect the rising needs for Niger. As of November 2010, $376 million in contributions have been reported (49% of total requirements) with a majority of funds received for the Niger crisis. $100.6 million or 24% of funding has been received out of the overall West Africa requirements excluding Niger. Funding over the years of the regional West Africa CAP The funding of the 2010 appeal is less than for 2009, both in terms of percentage and total amount. For the 2009 appeal, as of today, $260 million in contributions or 64% of requirements had been reported. Without Niger, the 2009 appeal was 65% funded.

Year Total requirements Regional CAP

million $

Overall funding

percentage

Funding received million $

Comments: existing appeals in the region apart from the regional CAP

2004 97 59 57 CAP: Côte d’Ivoire plus 3, Liberia, Sierra Leone

2005 202 69 140 CAP: Côte d’Ivoire plus 3, Guinea, Flash appeal: Benin, Niger, West and Central Africa cholera

2006 246 94 231 CAP: Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, FA: Guinea-Bissau

2007 361 56 203 CAP: Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Flash appeal Burkina Faso

2008 459 67 306 CAP for Côte d’Ivoire, Other: Liberia 2009 404 64 260 CAP for Côte d’Ivoire, Flash appeal for

Burkina Faso 2010 774 49 376 EHAP Niger, EHAP Burkina Faso, EHAP

Benin *Requirements as of November 2010 Source: Financial Tracking Service Funding by working group/sector of the 2010 West Africa CAP In addition to the overall low funding amount, a large disparity in terms of funding coverage by working group is also evident. While food security and nutrition received 65% of overall revised requirements, protection received only 2%, health 14% and WASH received 12%. Without Niger requirements, these funding disparities across working groups remain and are even more accentuated, with the highest percentage of funding received for food security and nutrition 33%.. Funding by priority of the 2010 West Africa CAP Overall, projects of a high priority were funded at 50% versus 21% for medium priority projects. 89% of funding received went to projects of high priority.

Priority Percentage of funding coverage

Total: 49 HIGH 50 MEDIUM 21 NOT SPECIFIED 94

*Requirements as of November 2010 Source: Financial Tracking Service

WEST AFRICA

25

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WEST AFRICA

26

3. GENERAL CONTEXT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS

3.1 General overview A socio political context of chronic vulnerability The socio-political profile of the region is multi-faceted and characterized by several trends that affect human security such as democratic setbacks, rising corruption, inadequate funding of recovery and development programs, rapid urbanization and rural exodus, demographic growth, high rates of youth unemployment and growing transnational criminal activities. Out of the 24 countries ranked at the bottom of the Human Development Index, eleven are West African countries covered by this regional CAP (12 if one includes Niger). Many West African countries are still struggling to establish better governance practices and accelerate human development. Although a number of countries have embarked upon or reached the path to peace, stability, and rehabilitation, securing proper resources for longer-term needs for recovery remains an issue of concern. The need for the international community to remain present and support these transitions is best reflected by the presence of several UN Peacekeeping and/or Political Missions (Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone), the resurgence of military coups d’état (Mauritania, Guinea and Niger), a series of constitutional changes to extend the presidential mandate, social unrest due to the impacts of the global economic crisis on livelihoods, or the delays and uncertainties surrounding political elections (Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Guinea). Overall, these trends are worrying indicators of a potential relapse into regional instability with cross-border replications and certain accompanying factors such as rapid demographic growth (the region’s population is expected to increase by 135 million in 2025).8 The prevailing poverty of the large youth population (65% of the total population) are likely to further affect the stability and social progress of the region. Last but not least, growing transnational criminal activities and particularly drug and human trafficking and terrorism remain serious threats to peace, security, development and humanitarian interventions. This is especially noticeable in the Sahel Band where the rise of terrorist9 and criminal activities poses new security and access issues to humanitarian actors servicing vulnerable populations affected by food insecurity, epidemics and natural disasters. A region affected by slow- and sudden-onset crises 2010 was marked by a severe food crisis in the Sahel, affecting over 10 million people, due to insufficient rainfall in 2009 and the subsequent overall decline of cereal production by 9% in the region. Hardest hit was Niger, causing over 7 million people to be food-insecure. Needs were so great that an Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan (EHAP) for Niger was launched in April 2010. Beginning in 2011, Niger will undertake its own CAP to better meet its funding needs of $187 million. Burkina Faso, north-eastern Mali and northern Nigeria were also seriously affected by the food crisis. As a consequence, already-high malnutrition rates in the Sahel have exceeded the critical threshold levels in every region. Despite favourable rainy season crop productions in West Africa in the last quarter of 2010, households affected by high and extreme food insecurity will continue to face significant difficulties to re-establish their livelihoods and assets. West Africa also experienced severe flooding in 2010, which affected 1,452,888 people, including 337 deaths, in the 15 countries covered by the CAP, which is a marked increase from 2009. Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Ghana, Senegal and Gambia were among the most affected. Following the flooding in Benin and Burkina Faso, which affected 680,000 and 105,000 people respectively; those country teams each produced an EHAP requesting an additional $61 million ($47 million for Benin and $14 million for Burkina Faso).

8 Nigeria is and will remain the most populated country in Africa. Liberia and Burkina Faso have annual population growth rates above 3 percent. 9 Terrorist activities of Aqmi (Al Qaeda in Maghreb) in Mauritania and Mali are growing.

WEST AFRICA

27

WEST AFRICA

28

Protracted health vulnerability continued to affect people, health facilities and services in the region in 2010. Cape Verde and Côte d’Ivoire experienced a dengue fever epidemic, and cholera outbreaks occurred in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Togo. Cholera continues to be an issue in Nigeria, with a total of 37,283 suspected cases of cholera, including 1,434 deaths. Nigeria has also suffered from lead poisoning linked to informal mining, which has killed over 400 children under five since March 2010. Health facilities have been damaged in recent flood events affecting delivery of health services and requiring diversion of funding for restoration of functionality. West Africa faced political challenges resulting in increased population vulnerability in 2010, including a coup d’état in Niger in February and a military revolt in Guinea Bissau in April. Political tensions have heightened due to delayed elections in Guinea following the coup d’état last September, and in Côte d’Ivoire, the continued postponing of elections has sparked growing frustration that risks boiling over into violence. Following increased ethnic tensions in northern Ghana, thousands of refugees have crossed into neighbouring Togo since April. Inter-ethnic violence in central Nigeria in January and March left over 500 dead; thousands displaced and reported cases of human rights violations. The after-effects of the food crisis, combined with predicted food price increases, and the compounded impacts of chronic poverty, political volatility, bad governance, transnational criminal activities, climate change, and accelerated urbanization and demographic growth, will pose a growing challenge to the humanitarian community in 2011. Based on the current context, participants at the regional CAP workshop, held in Dakar in September 2010, decided that the priority axes of the West Africa regional CAP in 2011 should focus on ensuring rapid and effective response to humanitarian crises and strengthening population resilience to risks, reiterating the importance of complying with fundamental humanitarian principles and integrating gender concerns. 3.2 Needs analysis methodology and data collection Needs analysis: identifying acute humanitarian needs in the West Africa region Collection and availability of data Data collection and analysis remains a challenge, as there are various data collection mechanisms and methodologies existing across countries which do not always allow to easily aggregate data at the regional level. This also constitutes a challenge for compiling number of people affected and number of beneficiaries. In addition, data is collected following key events in the seasonal agricultural calendar which does not always coincide with the CAP cycle. More specifically, the latest data to determine food security is available only after the finalization of the 2011 CAP document. Moreover, for nutrition, certain surveys using SMART methods from the eight nutrition surveys launched in 2010 are still under validation. Methodology for identifying emergency needs in a context of chronic vulnerability In the West African context of chronic vulnerability exacerbated by sudden-onset shocks, priority areas of acute humanitarian emergency needs are identified through a set of indicators and thresholds. This methodology had been agreed by the regional IASC for the 2010 CAP to reinforce the evidence base of the CAP and to map priority needs throughout the region as a basis for project selection and review. A similar methodology has been applied for the Democratic Republic of Congo’s consolidated appeal. Set of indicators and corresponding humanitarian thresholds selected by working groups to identify priority areas and to trigger the implementation of a set of humanitarian activities:

WEST AFRICA

29

Food security Thresholds Indicators

Real prices for food staples (10% increase compared to the average increase of the past five years) Terms of trade for pastoralists and other vulnerable groups. A critical value would be one approaching the levels of past food crises (such as 2005 and 2010 for the Sahel, 2008 for urban populations). Increasing coping strategy index, indicating accelerated and critical deterioration of livelihoods assets at community/district/regional levels. Food consumption score below emergency threshold (country specific) For example, in Mauritania, a food consumption score threshold of 42 will be used. Below that value, households are classified as ‘severely’ or ‘borderline’ food-insecure. GAM rates among 6-59 months old children (serious: 10% ; critical: 15% )

Food access

Population movements (more than 5, 000 IDPs or refugees) Food availability Level of production recorded

Nutrition

Thresholds Indicators GAM 10-14% (implying that severity of malnutrition rate is serious)1

Percent of children under age five with acute malnutrition

GAM >= 15% (implying that severity of malnutrition rate is critical) 1

Percent of children under age five with acute malnutrition

1 Based on World Health Organization ‘The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies’, 2000. Results from nutrition surveys with SMART methods were used. Health

Thresholds Indicators CFR above WHO standards and/or > 30% previous year Attack rate (AR) of epidemic-prone diseases

Attack rate above WHO standards and/or > 30% previous year CFR

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP3) coverage < 50% DTP3 coverage

Maternal mortality rate (MMR) Caesarean rate Assisted birth Maternal mortality

(Average score of MMR, CR and AB = >3 )

30% above regional average (5) Between regional average and 30% above regional average (3)

< 1%, score = 5 1% ≤ CR ≤ 5%, score = 3

≤ 50%, score = 5

<5 years MR GAM Under-5-year-old mortality (Average score of < 5 MR and GAM = > 3)

30% above regional average (5) Between regional average and 30% above regional average (3)

≥ 15% = 5 10% ≤ GAM<15% = 3

Protection

Thresholds Indicators Areas with population displacements (refugees, IDPs, returnees, migrants).

Population displacements (including those who are turned back) Absence or inadequate basic infrastructures (judicial) Other sectors indicators related to protection of civilians (POC) Presence of refugee camps in countries bordering Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire

Areas with serious child rights violations (family disruption, abductions, child labour, child soldiers, etc).

Prevalence of physical and sexual violence Child exploitation/labour Number of unaccompanied/separated children (orphans, children head of household, street children, etc.)

Areas with high prevalence of physical and sexual violence.

Armed conflict (presence of armed groups, abuses by security forces, etc.)

Areas affected by emergencies Percentage of schools/learning spaces that lost learning materials as a result of the emergency. Percentage of existing school buildings a) usable, b) unusable. Percentage of school days disrupted or lost due to emergency. Percentage of teaching personnel unable to deliver classes due to emergency.

WEST AFRICA

30

WASH Thresholds Indicators

> 1 verified cholera case Cholera morbidity rates > 1,000 people Number of flood victims Existence of displacement camps or > 30% of community population composed of displaced

Population displacement

GAM ≥ 15% Percentage of children under the age of five years with acute malnutrition

The indicators used for the WASH sector are triggering factors for implementing WASH activities when nutritional as well as health emergencies, displacement or floods occur. Needs analysis matrix On the basis of these indicators, data has been collected and compiled at the second administrative level for each country in a needs analysis matrix indicating when thresholds have been exceeded (1) or not (0) for those working groups for which data was available (“nd” indicates when data was not available). This needs analysis matrix has therefore to be considered as a work-in-progress. Due to unavailability of data for food security, the possibility of updating the matrix at a later stage in the CAP cycle once data is available and assessments completed might be considered. Results from needs analysis matrix Nutrition conditions are more acute in Sahelian countries than in coastal countries. In Mauritania, the highest prevalence of GAM was reported in the populous regions of Gorgol (19.9%) and Guidimaka (19.8%). The national prevalence of GAM was estimated at 2.8% in Liberia and 6.8% in Sierra Leone where the highest prevalence of GAM was found in urban Freetown (around 9%). Results from urban Guinea Conakry found a GAM prevalence of 7.1%. The sub-region is characterized by a protracted health vulnerability situation and poor health and socio-economic indicators such as maternal and under five mortality rates. In this context, various epedimic prone diseases such as meningitis, cholera, yellow fever, measles and other hemorraghic fevers caused an excessive morbidity load in 2010. 17,252 suspected cases of meningitis were reported from January to end of September 2010 in eight West African countries in the meningitis belt (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Togo). Three countries have reported outbreaks of yellow fever (Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Sierra Leone). Cases of cholera have been reported in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Togo and recently in Ghana. In Nigeria, according to available government data, a total of 38,037 cases, including 1,551 deaths at a case fatality rate (CFR) of 4.1% were recorded in 15 states as of October 2010. In Benin, 82 new cases were reported since the end of September, bringing the cumulative total number of cases to 722, including seven deaths (case fatality proportion of 0.9%).

WEST AFRICA

31

Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

orag

ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Benin Alibori nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Benin Atacora nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Benin Atlantique nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Borgou nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Collines nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Couffo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Donga nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Littoral nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Mono nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Benin Oueme nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Benin Plateau nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Benin Zou nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Burkina Faso Boucle du Mouhoun nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Cascades nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Centre Est nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Burkina Faso Boulkiemde nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Centre Nord nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Centre Sud nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Burkina Faso Est nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Hauts-Bassin nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Kadiogo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Plateau Central nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

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32

Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

orag

ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Burkina Faso Nord nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Sahel nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Burkina Faso Sud-Ouest nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Sao Nicolau nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Brava nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Sal nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Maio nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Santa Lucia nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Sao Vicente nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Boavista nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Santo Antao nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Fogo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Cape Verde Santiago nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Côte d'Ivoire Lagunes nd nd nd nd 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Haut Sassandra nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Savanes nd nd 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

Côte d'Ivoire Vallee Du Bandam nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Moyen Comoe nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Montagnes nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Lacs nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Zanzan nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Bas Sassandra nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Denguele nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

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33

Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

orag

ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Côte d'Ivoire N'Zi Comoe nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Marahoue nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Sud Comoe nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Worodougou nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Sud Bandama nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Agneby nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Côte d'Ivoire Fromager nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Moyen Cavally nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Côte d'Ivoire Bafing nd nd 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Ghana Western nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Ghana Central nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Ghana Greater Accra nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 nd 0 0

Ghana Volta nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 nd 0 0

Ghana Eastern nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Ghana Ashanti nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Ghana Bronga-Ahafo nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0

Ghana Northern nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Ghana Upper East nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Ghana Upper West nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Guinea Boké nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Guinea Conakry nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Guinea Faranah nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

Guinea Kankan nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

WEST AFRICA

34

Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

orag

ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Guinea Kindia nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Guinea Labé nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

Guinea Mamou nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Guinea N'Zérékoré nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

Gambia The Banjul nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0

Gambia The Kanifing nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0

Gambia The Western nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0

Gambia The Lower River nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Gambia The North Bank nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Gambia The Central River North nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Gambia The Central River South nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Gambia The Upper River nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Guinea-Bissau Bafata nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Biombo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Bissau nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Bolama nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Cacheu nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Gabu nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Oio nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Quinara nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Guinea-Bissau Tombali nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd nd

Liberia Bomi 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Liberia Bong 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

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Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

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AR

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hole

ra

AR

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es

AR

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mor

agic

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ver

CFR

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hole

ra

CFR

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es

CFR

-

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mm

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ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Liberia Grand Bassa 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Grand Cape Mount 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Grand Gedeh 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Liberia River Ghee 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Grand Kru 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Liberia Lofa 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Gbarpolu 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Margibi 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Liberia Maryland 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Montserrado 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 nd 0 0

Liberia Nimba 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Rivercess 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Liberia Sinoe 0 0 nd nd 0 nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 nd

Mali Gao nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Mali Kayes nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Mali Kidal nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Mali Koulikoro nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 1

Mali Mopti nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 1 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

Mali Segou nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 1

Mali Sikasso nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 1

Mali Tombouctou nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Mauritania Hodh Charghi 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Hodh Gharbi 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

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Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

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es

CFR

-

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mm

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ic

Feve

r

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3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Mauritania Assaba 0 0 1 1 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Gorgol 1 1 1 1 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Brakna 1 1 1 1 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Trarza 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 1 nd nd

Mauritania Adrar 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 1 nd nd

Mauritania Dakhlet Nouadhibou

0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Tagant 1 0 1 1 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Guidimagha 1 1 1 1 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Tiris Zemmour 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 1 nd nd

Mauritania Inchiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Mauritania Nouakchott 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Abia nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Adamawa nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd

Nigeria Akwa Ibom nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Anambra nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Bauchi nd nd nd nd 1 1 1 0 0 1 nd 0 1 nd nd

Nigeria Bayelsa nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Benue nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Borno nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Cross River nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Delta nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Ebonyi nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Edo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

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Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

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ic

Feve

r

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3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

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orta

lity

Nigeria Ekiti nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Enugu nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Gombe nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Imo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Jigawa nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Kaduna nd nd nd nd 0 1 1 0 0 1 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Kano nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Katsina nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Kebbi nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Kogi nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Kwara nd nd nd nd 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Lagos nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Nassarawa nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Niger nd nd nd nd 1 0 1 0 0 0 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Ogun nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Ondo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Osun nd nd nd nd 0 1 1 0 0 1 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Oyo nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Plateau nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 nd 0 nd nd

Nigeria Rivers nd nd nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Sokoto nd nd nd nd 1 1 1 0 1 1 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Taraba nd nd nd nd 0 1 1 0 0 1 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria Yobe nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 nd nd

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Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

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mm

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ic

Feve

r

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3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

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talit

y

< 5

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rs M

orta

lity

Nigeria Zamfara nd nd nd nd 1 1 1 0 0 1 nd 0 0 nd nd

Nigeria FCT, Abuja nd nd nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd nd

Senegal Dakar nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Senegal Diourbel nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Fatick nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Kaffrine nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Senegal Kaolack nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Kedougou nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Senegal Kolda nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Senegal Louga nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Matam nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Saint Louis nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Sedhiou nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Senegal Tambacounda nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Senegal Thies nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 0 0

Senegal Ziguinchor nd nd nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd 1 0

Sierra Leone Kailahun 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Kenema 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Kono 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Bombali 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Kambia 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Koinadugu 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Port Loko 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

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Nutrition Health

Attack Rate (AR) Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 0 = 1 =

nd =

below threshold above threshold insufficient data 6

mon

ths

ago

6 m

ths

to 1

ye

ar a

go

Admin level 1 Admin level 2 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 >= 10 &

<15 >= 15 AR

- M

enin

gitis

AR

- C

hole

ra

AR

- M

easl

es

AR

- H

aem

mor

agic

Fe

ver

CFR

- M

enin

gitis

CFR

- C

hole

ra

CFR

- M

easl

es

CFR

-

Hae

mm

orag

ic

Feve

r

DTP

3 C

over

age

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y

< 5

Yea

rs M

orta

lity

Sierra Leone Tonkolili 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Bo 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Bonthe 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Pujehun 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Moyamba 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Sierra Leone Western Area 0 0 nd nd 0 0 nd 0 0 0 nd 0 nd nd nd

Togo Maritime 0 0 nd nd 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 nd 0 1

Togo Plateaux nd nd nd nd 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 nd 0 0

Togo Centre nd nd nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 0

Togo Kara 0 0 nd nd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

Togo Savanes 1 0 nd nd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 nd 1 1

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4. THE 2011 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

4.1 Scenarios During the 2011 CAP workshop, participants examined key trends that could further impact the humanitarian situation in West Africa attempting to predict their eventual outcome during the year and identified the most likely scenarios for the following trends: political situation; humanitarian access and protection; and economic and social situation. Political situation The region’s political profile remains marked by several worrying indicators such as democratic setbacks, rising corruption, growing transnational criminal activities, institutional weakness and chronic poverty. In particular, the humanitarian community will closely monitor risks and uncertainties surrounding electoral processes/political elections in Côte d’Ivoire (2010), Guinea (2010) and Nigeria (2011), which could have negative humanitarian consequences including population movements (potentially 200,000 IDPs in Guinea and 250,000 refugees, hundreds thousands of IDPs in Côte d’Ivoire, and millions of IDPs in Nigeria), human rights violations, food insecurity and malnutrition, loss of livelihoods, health problems and epidemics. This could lead to potential relapse into regional instability with cross-border replications. Humanitarian access and protection As stated above, humanitarian actors will closely watch the election processes throughout the region. The potential for violent conflict could generate challenges in terms of humanitarian access and protection of civilians. Moreover, as West Africa is witnessing an increase in the number of abductions and killings of civilians by terrorist groups (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb / AQMI), humanitarian organizations will be increasingly forced to restrict staff movements or exert special precaution in areas of the Sahel (Mali, Mauritania). This threat to the safety of humanitarian workers impairs the delivery of principled and quality humanitarian services to people in desperate need of assistance and particularly malnourished children, refugees and IDPs which affects the enforcement of International Humanitarian Law. In addition, natural disasters are increasing in both frequency and impact, with floods and droughts being among the most frequently occurring in the region, which brings population displacement and protection challenges. Economic and social situation Irregular rainfall patterns at the regional level have generated a loss of livelihoods and of means of production, as well as damage to crops and agricultural and water infrastructure. However, in consideration of the abundant rains, the overall cereal production in 2011 is expected to be above the one of the previous season. Concerns remain for low production in certain zones because of the damage caused by the floods and of delays in planting or scarce rainfall. Should such situation be confirmed, it could cause localised price increases. An inflationary trend linked to the price of wheat, rice and possibly corn has also been noticed. Tensions on the international market for cocoa and coffee could produce a decline in farmers' income and population movements in the region which in turn could generate pressure on some soils. The most probable scenarios include the deterioration of families’ resilience, increasingly difficult access to food resources, and population movements from rural to urban areas following the loss of livelihoods. This can result in increased social tensions in urban areas, problems of access to basic social services, and the emergence of coping mechanisms with distress (positive and negative): crime, prostitution, drugs, and causing some to turn to groups such as AQMI. From a macro perspective, food accessibility will remain a major concern in some areas, making areas of food insecurity persistent.

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4.2 Strategic objectives for humanitarian action in 2011 The West Africa region continues to face humanitarian vulnerabilities such as the large-scale occurrence of epidemic diseases and a high number of food-insecure people in the eastern Sahel. Furthermore, flood-affected populations were much higher this year and most countries still lack adequate capacity to respond to emergencies due to multiple factors, including poverty, weak governments’ capacity, and socio-political instability. Consequently, in 2011 the work of humanitarian actors will remain focused on ensuring a rapid and effective response to humanitarian crises, strengthening population resilience to risks and complying with fundamental humanitarian principles and integrating gender concerns. As a result, the strategic objectives (SOs) of the 2010 CAP will be maintained with slight changes to better reflect the present situation. SO 1: Reduce excess mortality and morbidity in crisis situations Mortality and morbidity rates remain high, and humanitarian actors are actively working on bringing these rates below humanitarian thresholds. SO 2: Reinforce livelihoods of the most vulnerable people severely affected by slow or sudden onset crises Already vulnerable populations are at increased risk of suffering from new crises, particularly in a region prone to natural disasters, social unrest and food insecurity, thus humanitarian actors will continue to work towards minimizing the impact of crises on such communities. SO 3: Ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people Addressing the protection and human rights concerns of refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people remains a priority for 2011. With the especially high number of displaced people due to floods across the region, protection issues remain important. In addition, the atmosphere of insecurity in some areas (including Mali and Mauritania) could hinder humanitarian access to vulnerable people. SO 4: Strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels Coordination and preparedness mechanisms have been constantly tested during the year and their need to be reinforced have been highlighted by both governments and the humanitarian community. The lack of adequate multi-sectoral capacity for preparedness and response by governments emphasizes the role of humanitarian actors to support them in developing response mechanisms as well as in aligning humanitarian response with development objectives where possible. Given the multiplicity of countries involved in the West Africa CAP, the strategic objectives are fairly general. They are matched with corresponding specific sectoral objectives and indicators as outlined in the monitoring matrix in annex. Each sectoral objective contributes to the achievement of a strategic objective as outlined below. Sector Contribution to strategic objective Food Security 1, 2, 3, 4 Nutrition 1, 2, and 4 Health 1, 3, and 4 WASH 1, 3, and 4 Protection 3 and 4 EP 4 Coordination 4

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4.3 Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects During the 2011 CAP workshop, it was agreed that all projects should be in line with the following strategic priorities: 1. reduce excess mortality and morbidity in crisis situations 2. reinforce livelihoods of the most vulnerable people severely affected by slow or sudden onset

crises 3. ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people 4. strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels Project selection and prioritization criteria Furthermore, projects must adhere to sector objectives identified in the various sector response plans (see section 4.4). Based on this prerequisite, the selection and prioritization criteria for CAP projects are the following: • does the project respond to the sector objectives? (selection criteria) • does the project respond to clearly identified needs? (selection criteria) • does the project rapidly address vital needs of affected people? • is the project’s impact measurable within the timeframe (one year) of the appeal? • will the project benefit from other funding sources? • has the project been designed in coordination/collaboration with other actors? • does the appealing organization have the technical expertise and mandate in the country to

implement the project, or the ability to scale up its operational capacity rapidly as required? • does the organization submitting the project participate/is integrated in existing coordination

structures (ex: sector working group/cluster, etc)? All projects were rated against the selection and prioritization criteria. Each criterion was given one point with the exception of the criterion related to rapidly addressing vital needs, which was given a score of four points as it is responding to the most severe situations. Coordination projects were all scored as medium priority as they do not address direct needs of affected populations. Projects scoring higher than seven points were considered high priority and projects scoring less than seven points were considered as medium priority. The project review process For the 2011 CAP all technical projects have been reviewed by the regional sectoral working groups to ensure that they are in line with the 2011 CAP strategy, that they are feasible and their impact measurable. Non-technical projects, covering coordination and EP activities, were reviewed by the inter-agency Regional Review Board (comprising UN agencies, NGOs and donors) based on the selection and prioritization criteria described above (see Annex IV Project review and approval process). Projects final approval All reviewed projects have been submitted to the RCs/HCs in their respective countries for final approval. Regional projects and projects emanating from NGOs in countries where there is no HC have been approved by the Regional Review Board (see annex IV: Project review and approval process). Despite efforts to improve the project identification and review process for the 2011 CAP, lack of updated data renders the project prioritization process difficult. Overall, strengthening the review process implies enhanced participation from countries to the CAP process, notably through improved in-country coordination structures in order to ensure better identification of priority needs and selection of projects.

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4.4 Cluster/sector response plans 4.4.1 FOOD SECURITY

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) FAO and WFP Implementing Agencies National Governments, FAO, WFP, local partners, regional bodies and

organizations Number of Projects 20 projects Cluster/sector Objectives 1. To restore and reinforce the livelihoods of households most vulnerable

and severely affected by climatic and socio economic shocks 2. To coordinate responses with other sectors (Health, Nutrition, WASH)

to maintain the malnutrition rate below emergency thresholds 3. To provide regularly quality and dependable data and analysis for

decision-making Total Number of Beneficiaries 1 614 440 people Funds Requested $37,947,069 Funds requested per priority level

High ($36,444,871), Medium ($1,502,198).

Contact Information Jose Luis Fernandez joseluis.fernandez@fao.org Naouar Labidi naouar.labidi@wfp.org

Sector Needs Analysis Causal analysis of key underlying and immediate causes of food insecurity and priority needs: Needs expressed in the 2011 West Africa CAP arise from the consequences on vulnerable groups of the 2010 Sahel food crisis, and the political transition in coastal countries. In the Sahel, the consequences of the 2010 crisis will continue to undermine the food security of vulnerable groups in 2011. Niger has been severely hit by the 2009 drought with large segments of the population being affected through deteriorated livelihoods, including cattle and productive asset losses. GAM rates in both countries exceeded the emergency threshold (national GAM rates of 16.7% in Niger and above 20% in various regions of Chad). In Burkina Faso and Mali the food and pastoral crisis depleted the livelihoods of the most vulnerable households. A total number of 258,000 and 464,000 people were affected in Burkina Faso and Mali, respectively. In March 2010, a joint pastoral assessment determined that in most-affected pastoral areas of Mali, the average herd size had dropped by 40% from 2009 to 2010, depriving pastoralists of their assets and main source of income. Animal deaths occurred up through August 2010. Farming households also suffered from a decline in income following the poor 2009 crop, forcing households to go into debt, sell assets, migrate or sell their labour to the detriment of their own production. Consequently, the diet of these groups has become less diversified in addition to an overall decrease of quantity of food intake, thus directly exposing children under five to increased risk of acute malnutrition. External assistance will therefore be required to support the recovery from the 2010 crisis. In Mauritania, persistent food insecurity in southern Wilayas, caused by the fragility of agropastoral livelihoods and poverty, is contributing to high seasonal GAM rates, which remain above critical thresholds of 15% (from June to July 2010, GAM in Gorgol: 19.9%, Guidimaka: 19.8%, Brakna: 18.4%). In May 2010 the percentage of food-insecure households was 54% in Tagant, 51% in Hodh Echargui, 46% in Hodh El Gharbi, 32% in Assaba and 22% in Gorgol. In addition, the recent significant increase of international wheat prices is expected to weaken the purchasing power of Mauritania’s urban population. Wheat represents more than 70% of the cereals consumption in this country. Monitoring activities will be required to assess the impacts of the shock. In the Gulf of Guinea countries such as Benin, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, local erratic rainfalls have caused poor food and cash crop yields, which has strongly reduced households’ food stock and incomes. In Benin and in some areas in Nigeria, the major supplier in the region, a decrease of 20% in cereal production is expected. Poor maize production may induce a price increase in the eastern basin, including Nigeria, and decrease purchasing power of most vulnerable households.

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Assessments consistently show that the northern reaches of Ghana, Togo and Benin have poor food security indicators. In April 2010 in Togo, 14.4% and 10.4% of households were severely food-insecure in, respectively, the Savannes and Kara regions while 42.9 and 33.3% were moderately affected by food insecurity. The Gulf of Guinea is also affected by political transitions and post-conflict recovery in a context of low state capacity, which translate into continued fragility of livelihoods and vulnerability to food insecurity. Since 2007, political turmoil in Guinea has disrupted the national economy, agricultural production and trade, significantly worsening vulnerable groups’ food security status. Food security assessments determined that the prevalence of food insecurity in rural areas of Guinea rose from 16% in 2005 to 32% in 2010. The March 2010 assessment determined that 52.7% of the households were food-insecure in N’Zérékoré, 38.0% in Labé and 31.3% in the Mamou region. In Côte d’Ivoire, the IPC has highlighted vulnerable regions in the northern and western part of the country, including the Bafing region where 21.8% of households are food-insecure. Low agricultural production, trans-boundary market troubles, animal diseases, limited access to land by localized social instability, pests and high food prices have led to decreasing purchasing power and compromise the accessibility of food and basic services leading households to food insecurity and malnutrition. In addition to the specific vulnerabilities in the Sahel and the Gulf of Guinea, food security projects in the 2011 West Africa CAP address needs caused by flooding during the 2010 rainy season. Lowlands were flooded and rivers overflowed due to extreme rainfall, particularly in Benin, Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau and Senegal where crops were destroyed or damaged. Livestock were also lost, increasing affected households’ vulnerability. The desert locust situation currently remains calm in all countries. However, locusts currently in southern Mauritania will move towards the west and northwest of the country by the end of 2010 and as a result small groups may form in north-western Mauritania, northern Mali and Niger, and north-eastern Chad in October 2010. Close monitoring and response preparation should be implemented in 2011 as much as possible in consideration that certain areas are not accessible due to security issues. Localized food insecurity generated by the 2010 food and pastoral crisis along with natural, political and socio-economic shocks result in the following needs to be addressed: • restoration and protection of livelihoods, including livestock restocking and crop protection

activities • strengthening the purchasing power of the most vulnerable households (cash transfer, cash for

work, food for work) • targeted food and cash transfers in localized affected areas • food security and nutrition coordination, including food security information for action Key trigger and monitoring indicators • Food consumption score below emergency threshold (country specific). For example, in

Mauritania, a food consumption score threshold of 42 will be used. Below that value, households are classified as ‘severely’ or ‘borderline’ food-insecure.

• GAM rates among 6-59 month old children (serious: 10%; critical: 15%). • Terms of trade for pastoralists and other vulnerable groups. A critical value would be one

approaching the levels of past food crises (such as 2005 and 2010 for the Sahel, 2008 for urban populations).

• Population movements (more than 5,000 IDPs or refugees). • Increasing Coping strategy index, indicating accelerated and critical depletion of livelihoods

assets at community/district/regional levels.

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Challenges and constraints: increasing AQMI activities in northern Sahel will limit humanitarian access, jeopardizing the quality of analysis, response, monitoring and evaluation. Distinguishing the specific role of food and non-food factors in the causes of malnutrition in the Sahel requires the adoption of multi-sectoral approaches. Vulnerabilities related to pastoralism require increased capacity and attention to better respond to the 2010 crisis (Mali and Burkina Faso) and to improved preparedness. Natural disasters are one of the recurrent main causes of food insecurity. A disaster risk management approach needs to be adopted by all stakeholders to tackle the humanitarian consequences on short, mid and long terms. Sectoral Response Plan Strategic Objective Restore and reinforce the livelihoods of those households who are most vulnerable and severely affected by climatic and socio-economic shocks, by addressing the loss of purchasing power hampering access to food and basic needs through: • distribution of vouchers for commodities • instigation or scaling-up of cash- or food-for-work programmes, including pastoralists and

disaster reduction management initiatives • expansion of livelihood support programs such as provision of seeds, tools, agricultural inputs

for the rainy and the off season, support to livestock-based livelihoods and other income-generating activities

• creation or support of productivity-enhancing safety nets To coordinate responses with other sectors (Health, Nutrition, WASH) to maintain the malnutrition rate below emergency thresholds will be done through the following activities: • coordination meetings and harmonization of food security and nutrition methodologies • capitalization of multi-sectoral approaches and promotion of best practices in malnutrition

affected areas To regularly provide quality and dependable data and analysis for decision-making, achieved through the following activities: • food and crop assessments and food security and vulnerability assessments • nutrition and food security SMART data collection • support to food security integrated analysis • support to national and regional early warning systems (EWS) and market information systems Sectoral monitoring plan The Food Security partners will monitor indicators through various mechanisms across the region. Indicators relevant to the local context and corresponding with other countries will be collected and analysed in countries or areas where EWSs, the “Cadre Harmonisé Bonifié” or the IPC are in place and functioning. Monitoring data will be shared within RFSNWG which meets on a monthly basis or more if necessary. Monitoring indicators 1. Number of people, disaggregated by sex and age, receiving direct assistance to address food

availability or lack of access (1,614,440 beneficiaries) 2. Number of people trained through capacity-building efforts, disaggregated by sex and age, and

number of trainings held.

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Table of proposed coverage by site Burkina Faso FAO

Guinea FAO WFP

Guinea-Bissau FAO Mali FAO

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

Action Contre la Faim (ACF) FAO International Rescue Committee

Mauritania Cooperazione Internazionale Sud Sud FAO WFP

Regional ACF FAO

Senegal FAO SIF-France

Togo FAO French Red Cross

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4.4.2 NUTRITION

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) UNICEF Implementing Agencies National governments, UNICEF, WFP, HKI, SC, ACF, MSF, Concern,

Merlin and several others Number of Projects 18 projects Cluster/sector Objectives Improve national nutrition information systems with a minimum of one

nutrition survey with SMART methods with data collection during the peak of the hunger season.

Development of improved national reporting systems for Management of Acute Malnutrition and support for the integration into national health information systems.

Expanding coverage of Management of Acute Malnutrition programs to the national level and quality of service delivery to the standards of the SPHERE guidelines or higher.

Establish programmes to prevent acute malnutrition after emergencies or during the hunger season to mitigate the impact of crises and to allow for early recovery, national ownership, and institutional development. Activities include blanket feeding with fortified foods for children and family protection rations in crisis conditions when necessary.

Support the coordination of emergency nutrition interventions through the cluster approach.

Funds Requested $50,223,404 Funds requested per priority level

High ($49,960,844), Medium ($262,560).

Contact Information Robert Johnston RoJohnston@unicef.org, Felicité Tchibindat FTchibindat@unicef.org, Roland Kupka RKupka@unicef.org

The estimated number of annual cases of SAM is about 950,000 for the West African countries included in the 2011 regional CAP. Estimated annual number of children aged 6-59 months with SAM

Overall

prevalence of SAM

Prevalence to

incidence conversion

factor

Child population

6-59m

Estimated annual

total number of SAM cases

Girls - estimated number of

annual SAM cases

Boys - estimated number of

annual SAM cases

Children in West Africa (excluding Niger and Chad)

1.4 1.5 45,688,000 949,000 474,500 474,500

For the table above, thirteen countries of West Africa were included. Niger and Chad were excluded from the calculations. The most recent national estimates of SAM using WHO 2006 growth standards were weighted by population size to calculate the overall prevalence of SAM. In three countries where data quality was unacceptable, estimates of SAM were used. The prevalence to incidence conversion factor of 1.5 is recommended from published literature. The child population 6-59 months of age was calculated as 16.7% of the national population figures taken from the State of the World’s Children. The annual total number of SAM cases is the child population multiplied by the prevalence of SAM and the conversion factor. It is assumed that half of the child population will be girls and half boys. Since 2009, the regional nutrition working group has strongly advocated for at least one nutrition national survey in the peak of the hunger season for each country in the region. In 2010, eight nutrition surveys with SMART methods were launched in the 13 countries of the West African CAP. Three surveys were sub-national and two were collected outside of the hunger season. Due to the incomplete and poorly timed information, it is not possible to determine if regional hunger season conditions in 2010 are different from 2009. Data collection is completed in all 2010 surveys but analysis and report writing remains incomplete for several surveys. For the majority, this is due to choosing too many representational levels and adding extra variables for analysis. These practices which are strongly not recommended cause unnecessary delays to release the results. This situation

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demonstrates the importance to keep surveys simple, quick and inexpensive. Clarity on approaches to surveys is important for accuracy and appropriateness, and building the capacity of institutions to do this will provide improved EW mechanisms to mitigate the impact of a crisis on a country and its development potential. Sector Needs Analysis Identification of priority needs based on key indicators • Children under two years of age are the most at risk of acute malnutrition. Using weight-for-

height and the WHO 2006 growth standards as the key indicator to identify acute malnutrition, Sahelian countries have the highest prevalence of GAM in the peak of the hunger season. Accurate use of middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) measures and correct diagnosis of bilateral oedema are expected to improve recognition of GAM in the coastal countries of West Africa. In crises situations, adults are also found to suffer from acute malnutrition.

• GAM is defined by the following criteria (-2SD Weight-for-Height Z-scores, MUAC < 125mm and/or bilateral oedema). The WHO thresholds (10% and 15% of GAM in a representative area are used as triggers for emergency response to malnutrition. Governments can mandate response at lower prevalence of GAM or in crisis situations. Under-five mortality, stunting and exclusive breastfeeding rates will be also be tracked as contextual information.

• Malnutrition is caused by disease and the poor consumption and/or absorption of nutrients. Child caring practices, hygiene behaviours, availability and use of effective healthcare, food availability and food variety all play a role as underlying causes of acute malnutrition. Moderate acute malnutrition doubles the risk of death in early childhood, while SAM increases the risk nine-fold.

• Throughout the Sahel, security is becoming a more important issue in programming of prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition. As access to marginal areas becomes limited due to security concerns, greater reliance on local coordination of community-based interventions is needed. Flooding also reduces access to many areas commonly found to have high prevalence of GAM during the hunger season. Greater efforts are needed to ensure stocks and effective programs are in place before the start of the rainy season in order to save children’s lives.

Sectoral Response Plan Strategic objective 1: Reduce excess mortality and morbidity in crisis situations and Strategic objecitve 2: Reinforce livelihoods of the most vulnerable people severely affected by slow or sudden onset crisis:

Sector Objectives Activities ExpectedOutputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

1.1.1 Prevalence of acute malnutrition (global and severe) in women and children.

GAM in children <10 or 15% depending on the circumstances.

1. Improve national nutrition information systems with the goal to improve monitoring of nutrition emergencies and program delivery.

1.1 At the minimum, one nutrition survey a year using SMART methods (peak of hunger season).

1.1.2 Prevalence of chronic malnutrition in women and children.

Chronic malnutrition compared to former assessments to assess current conditions

2. Development of improved national reporting systems for Management of Acute Malnutrition and support for the integration into national health information systems .

2.1 Strengthening of monthly reporting from the Management of Acute Malnutrition program.

2.1.1 Compilation of monthly reports from all functioning sites.

Complete reporting from all sites providing management of acute malnutrition services (both severe and moderate)

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

3. Expanding coverage of Management of Acute Malnutrition programs to the national level and quality of service delivery to the standards of the SPHERE guidelines or higher.

3.1 Strengthening of delivery of services for the Management of Acute Malnutrition through trainings, supervision and technical assistance.

3.1.1 Indicators of quality of service provision from all functioning sites.

Acceptable quality of management of outpatient SAM programs are defined by the SPHERE guidelines (recovery >75%, defaults<15%, deaths<10%)

4. Establish programmes to prevent acute malnutrition after emergencies or during the hunger season including blanket feeding with fortified foods for children and family protection rations in crisis conditions when necessary.

4.1 Monthly reporting from the blanket feeding programs.

4.1.1 Data on quantity of stocks delivery to sites and screening data of beneficiaries (children under two years of age).

Complete reporting from implementation sites. Prevalence of GAM in children maintained below emergency levels (<10%)

SO 4: Strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels 5.1 Nutrition cluster

reporting. 5.1.1 Monthly reports

from coordination meetings (in countries with activated clusters).

Monthly reports received regularly from activated clusters.

5.2 Nutrition cluster training.

5.2.1 Nutrition cluster trainings or sessions held to promote the cluster approach for emergency response.

At least five cluster trainings or training sessions completed in the West Africa region in 2010.

5. Improve coordination of emergency nutrition responses with the cluster approach.

5.3 Regional technical support of the nutrition cluster.

5.3.1 Development and dissemination of regional level coordination for advancing cluster responsibilities, and integrating early recovery approaches within the emergency response across clusters. (for example: 1. harmonization of management of SAM reporting 2. use of ready to use food and/or micronutrients in emergencies 3. nutrition survey results website 4. nutrition survey toolkit 5. rapid nutrition sssessment guidelines. 6. blanket feeding guidelines. 7 nutrition survey online library)

At least 3 completed coordination projects on the regional level.

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Sectoral monitoring plan The majority of monitoring activities will take place on the country level. Each country will implement a nutrition survey in the middle of the hunger season to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition at its peak. Program data for the Management of Acute Malnutrition programs will be reported by the implementing partners to the appropriate monitoring body in the governments and UNICEF. A monthly report based on aggregated data will be used to document conditions and progress towards reach the goals defined in the CAP. These monthly reports will provide information on the completeness and timeliness of reporting along with the quality of services provided (recovery, default and death rates). The Nutrition Cluster activities will be monitored by regular reports sent by countries where the Nutrition Cluster is activated. This will be supported by reports of activities completed by the regional partners to advance the coordination and harmonization of emergency nutrition responses. Table of proposed coverage by site

Burkina Faso Action Contre la Faim UNICEF WFP

Guinea Helen Keller International UNICEF

Guinea-Bissau UNICEF

Mali Helen Keller International UNICEF WFP

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone Action Contre la Faim UNICEF

Mauritania French Red Cross UNICEF

Regional Action Contre la Faim Helen Keller International UNICEF

Sierra Leone UNICEF Togo UNICEF

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4.4.3 HEALTH

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) WHO Implementing Agencies National governments, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Vision, UNAIDS,

UNHCR, OCHA, HKI, PLAN International and several others. Number of Projects 18 projects Cluster/sector Objectives 1. Uphold efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality due to epidemic prone

diseases such as meningitis, cholera, measles hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever in the sub-region.

2. Support provision of accessible and appropriate primary health care services with a high coverage to vulnerable.

3. Effective information management for timely and appropriate decisions to save lives.

4. Preparedness for rapid and effective health response to humanitarian crises and strengthening health sector and population resilience to risks.

Total Number of Beneficiaries 25,500,000 Funds Requested $11,699,232 Funds requested per priority level

High ($11,699,232)

Contact Information nsengan@bf.afro.who.int Disaggregated number of affected population and beneficiaries

Affected population Beneficiaries Category[examples] Female Male Total Female Male Total Epidemic prone 33,000,000 30,000,000 63,000,000 6,700,000 6,300,000 13,000,000 Flood, drought and other natural disasters 13,500,000 11,500,000 25,000,000 6,500,000 6,000,000 12,500,000

Sector Needs Analysis West Africa is prone to both natural and man-induced disasters. In 2010, the sub-region experienced outbreaks due to epidemic prone diseases claiming thousands of lives with an excessive morbidity load in a context of weak health systems and worst health and socio-economic indicators. From January to end of September 2010, eight West African countries in the meningitis belt reported a total of 17,252 suspected cases of meningitis. Three countries have reported outbreaks of yellow fever (Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Sierra Leone). Cross-border patterns of epidemics and health problems require information management to be strengthened within and between countries at the sub-regional level. Increasing and recurrent natural disasters, like flood and cyclones, increase risk factors for water and vector bone diseases. The risk of natural disasters is likely to worsen in the future as a result of the impact of global warming. In 2010, Nigeria was affected by a lead intoxication in Zamfara state, which killed 400 children under 5; and Togo experienced an influx of more than 6,000 refugees from Ghana following inter-community conflict. Flooding and drought represent the other major hazards affecting the sub-region. For years, flooding and drought have threatened the livelihoods of the regions’ poorest, particularly vulnerable: children, women, disabled and senior people, especially in rural or disadvantaged areas. In 2010, at least four countries (Burkina Faso, Benin, Mauritania, and Niger) suffered from flooding or drought. Weak health system capacities and limited resources, including skilled personnel in health emergency management, are major underlying vulnerabilities, which affect capacity to improve health outcomes, save lives and reduce morbidity and disability. Health aspects of humanitarian crises in the region have been characterized by recurrent infectious disease outbreaks, acute malnutrition and disruption of delivery of basic health services in affected areas. There are limited national and regional health emergency management capacities for coordination, risk assessment, DRR, response planning and capacity development and a lack of pre-positioning of medical supplies (kits) and items for rapid response, both at country and regional levels.

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Sectoral Response Plan The Health Sector response will focus on addressing life-saving primary health care (PHC) services in the most affected countries and most vulnerable groups through: • early detection, response and control of epidemic prone diseases in the region to avoid excess

morbidity and mortality; • improved access and provision of PHC services during emergencies including essential life-

saving reproductive health (RH) services and commodities (safe delivery and emergency obstetric care, prevention and response to GBV and intervention for reduction in HIV transmission etc) for affected populations;

• improved community awareness of preventative health care to promote community ownership of their health status to provide a balance to response mechanisms, and minimise the impact of a health crisis on a community;

• effective information management for timely and appropriate decisions to save lives • preparedness for rapid and effective health response to humanitarian crises and strengthening

health sector and population resilience to risks.

Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

Outbreaks are timely detected and responded to

80% of outbreaks are detected and notified within 48 hours

Strengthen countries’ capacity in outbreak detection, prevention and response

Cases of outbreak-prone diseases are managed as per WHO guidelines and country protocols

CFRs during epidemics are within WHO norms

1. Uphold efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality due to epidemic prone diseases such as meningitis, cholera, measles hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever in the sub-region. Strengthen within

countries and cross-border disease surveillance and early warning systems

Cross-border spreading of disease is limited Outbreak management is coordinated between countries in the sub-region

100% of cross border outbreaks are notified to neighbouring countries within 48 hours

2. Support provision of accessible PHC services with a high coverage to vulnerable groups including children and women during crises.

Support existing health care services including RH services, during emergencies

Accessible and improved PHC services are provided to most affected and vulnerable groups, including children and women, during emergencies Accessible essential and life-saving RH services and commodities are provided to affected communities, particularly women

At least 80% of affected and vulnerable groups have access to health care services 80% of pregnant women have access to safe delivery and emergency obstetric care

3. Effective information management for timely and appropriate decisions to save lives.

Maintain effective information management for health monitoring and appropriate/evidence based decisions in the health sector during emergencies

Appropriate and timely decisions are taken to save lives

Key health indicators are regularly monitored and information shared with all stakeholders

At least 90% of interventions are based on analysis of collected information One information bulletin is generated quarterly

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

4. Preparedness for rapid and effective health response to humanitarian crises and strengthening health sector and population resilience to risks.

Technical support for national health emergency risk and capacity assessments Health sector participates in multi-sectoral preparedness activities. Technical support for priority preparedness measures, such as health sector response planning Health emergency management training of key national and local actors. Technical support for assessment of safety of health facilities and health infrastructure for emergency risks. Restore functionality of damaged health facilities

Health emergency risk and capacity assessment inform preparedness programmes, including response planning Health is included in assessments, planning, training and exercises National health emergency response plans are updated. Training courses in health emergency management are conducted at regional and national levels. Health facilities at risk of future emergencies are identified and protective action taken. Functionality of damaged health facilities is restored.

Two high risk countries have conducted risk and capacity assessments. Health sector participates in 80/100% of multi-sectoral assessments, planning, training and exercises Two high risk countries have conducted review of health emergency response plan 1 sub-regional course and 2 national courses on health emergency management for 75 participants Regional workshop and safety assessment of main hospitals in 6 high risk countries Functionality of 50% of health facilities damaged in flood events are restored in 3 months

Sectoral monitoring plan A set of health indicators in a monitoring matrix will be used to track the outputs of interventions. Impact of interventions on affected and most vulnerable groups will be monitored through health indicators collected from the existing routine health surveillance systems and in collaboration with other partners within and outside the health sector as well as with other sectors, or from ad hoc surveys. Such close monitoring will enhance timely identification of persistent gaps and bottlenecks as well as needed corrective measures enabling efficiency interventions. Table of proposed coverage by site Benin UNFPA Ghana UNFPA Guinea WHO

Guinea-Bissau UNFPA WHO

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

French Red Cross UNICEF

Mauritania UNFPA WHO

Regional UNFPA WHO

Togo WHO

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4.4.4 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) UNICEF Implementing Agencies ACF, CRS, IFRC, ICRC, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,

Oxfam GB, Solidarités International, World Vision, and several others Number of Projects 12 projects Cluster/sector Objectives 1. Timely, coordinated, decentralized and mobile WASH response to

humanitarian emergencies. 2. WASH humanitarian intra and inter sectoral coordination, preparedness

and risk reduction. 3. Systematic reciprocating integration of key WASH activities into nutrition

humanitarian response programmes. Total Number of Beneficiaries 2,250,000 Funds Requested $10,483,429 Funds requested per priority level

High ($9,200,340) Medium ($1,283,089)

Contact Information fbellet@unicef.org WASH activities throughout Western Africa respond to health and nutrition needs, displacement due to flooding and water-borne and sanitation related diseases. Disaggregated number of affected population and beneficiaries

Affected population Beneficiaries Category Female Male Total Female Male Total (1) Cholera vulnerable population

400,000 400,000 800,000 300,000 300,000 600,000

(2) Flood victims 500,000 500,000 1.000,000 250,000 250,000 500,000 (3) Displaced or host victims

150,000 150,000 300,000 75,000 75,000 150,000

(4) Malnutrition affected population

2,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 500,000 500,000 1.000,000

Total 3,050,000 3,050,000 6,100,000 1,125,000 1,125,000 2,250,000 The number of people affected and beneficiaries is adjusted to the number of countries included in the 2011 CAP, which does not include Niger. Due to the severe floods in 2010, the number of beneficiaries increased by 100,000 compared to the previous CAP. The response capacity of the WASH sector varies depending on the crisis context and the response capacity of the various governments. Areas at high risk of cholera outbreaks have been targeted in the 2011 response to increase preparedness and to fight morbidity which often exceeds the official number of reported cases. It is also planned to integrate key WASH activities into nutrition humanitarian response programs throughout the region. Needs Analysis WASH activities are activated in health and nutrition crises, following displacements due to flooding, and in the case of water-borne and sanitation related diseases. The potential for sudden-onset emergencies remains high in the region, particularly related to natural hazards. In addition, there is still a risk of population movements due to political instability, as elections are planned in several countries in the region. These emergencies will require a coordinated WASH response. The exceptional floods experienced in 2010 affected all countries in the region, both Sahel and coastal areas, and both rural and urban areas with vulnerable citizens living in flooded areas. In 2011, it is planned to replicate the positive impact of WASH pilot projects such as in Guinea and Guinea Bissau which focus on strengthening local response in areas at high risk of flooding through decentralized inter-sectoral teams throughout the region. Food insecurity across the Sahel has increased the need for WASH interventions. It remains however a challenge to systematically integrate key WASH activities into humanitarian nutrition response programs.

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To better map the needs of the region, the WASH sector has determined its actions based on four key indicators. Each of these indicators has an associated threshold or trigger. If an indicator is above this threshold, the region is considered a high risk region where WASH interventions should be prioritized. For each emergency indicator, the table below lists the associated recommended minimum package of WASH interventions.

WASH emergency indicator

Threshold WASH response (minimum package), access to:

Cholera morbidity > 1 verified case • clean water (>15 litres/person/day 40 litres/person/day in Cholera Treatment Centre, etc.)

• adequate sanitation in Cholera Treatment Centre (>1 gender friendly latrine/50 p for accompanying people, >1 latrine/20 bed and waste management, etc.)

• hygiene kit (450g soap/p/m, jerry cans, chlorine spraying in high risks areas, etc.)

• campaigns on principle routes of cholera transmission and prevention

Flood victims > 1,000 people • clean water (>15 litres/person/day*) • hygiene kit (450g soap/p/m, jerry cans, etc.) • campaigns on principle routes of disease transmission and

prevention Population displacement

Existence of displacement camps or > 30% of community population composed of displaced

• clean water (>15 litres/person/day*) • secure and friendly sanitation (>1 gender latrine/50 people) • hygiene kit (450g soap/p/m, 1 intimate kit/woman in camp,

jerry cans, etc • promotion on key hygiene behaviours

GAM > 15% • clean water (>15 litres/person/day*) through household water treatment if required)

• hygiene kit (450g soap/p/m, jerry cans, etc.) • promotion on key hygiene behaviours

(*) NB: SPHERE standards according to local context: >5l/p/d clean water within first emergency days Response Plan Objectives / Activities As the WASH cluster lead, UNICEF supports the humanitarian reform in the region to improve cluster coordination. The WASH cluster response to emergencies is structured around three pillars/objectives: 1) Timely, coordinated, decentralized and mobile WASH response to humanitarian emergencies Activities • On-going improvement of the WASH response capacity among humanitarian organizations to

increase speed, mobility, decentralization, quality and effectiveness for rapid onset and recurrent emergencies.

2) WASH humanitarian intra and inter-sectoral coordination, preparedness and risk reduction Activities • Strengthening existing WASH clusters/task forces and inter-sectoral links in targeted countries. • Supporting the development of contingency plans with key WASH activities included. • Training of WASH country officers. • Implementation of WASH cluster tools.

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3) Systematic reciprocating integration of key WASH activities into nutrition humanitarian response programs Activities • Developing a joint WASH/nutrition response through a sectoral reciprocating effort in countries

with high prevalence of acute malnutrition. • Promoting a preventive and curative joint WASH/nutrition approach from nutritional centres to

vulnerable communities and household levels for mothers and child. Indicators • ≥ 90% of the beneficiaries receiving the WASH minimum package of interventions in response

to humanitarian emergencies (cholera < 48 hours; flood victims < 72 hours; displaced or host victims < one week).

• ≥ 90% of the targeted countries with WASH humanitarian preparedness and risk reduction programs (contingency plans including mapping and stockpiling; existing functional WASH cluster or task force; WASH country officers trained, WASH cluster tools implemented).

• ≥ 50% of the beneficiaries targeted by the nutrition humanitarian programs receiving the WASH nutrition package).

• ≥ 50% of the WASH emergency projects with early recovery considerations for exit strategies and sustainable responses.

• ≥ 90% of a respected gender-balance of males and females accessing to WASH preparedness and response training.

• ≥ 90% of a respected gender-balance of males and females including actively in water and sanitation maintenance comities.

• ≥ 90% of decrease in reported incidents of sexual violence following the nearest sitting of water points in safer locations for women and girls.

• ≥ 90% of decrease in reported incidents of sexual violence following the nearest sitting of collective latrines in safer locations.

Monitoring plan Coordination will take place through the regional WASH sector group, which brings together UN agencies, NGOs and donors. The group is a forum for assessing WASH related situations, planning, monitoring and evaluating WASH actions as well as sharing information and lessons learned. The timely, coordinated, decentralized and mobile WASH response to humanitarian emergencies will be monitored through: • WASH-specific sitreps in emergency situations • mid-year and annual monitoring and evaluation The WASH humanitarian intra and inter-sectoral coordination, preparedness and risk reduction will be monitored through: • quarterly reports with updates on regional mapping (nutrition, health, IDPs) • emergency response evaluations • regional training reports The systematic reciprocating integration of key WASH activities into nutrition humanitarian response programs will be monitored through: • joint evaluations of humanitarian response with the nutrition sector

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Table of proposed coverage by site Burkina Faso UNICEF

Guinea Red Cross Society of Guinea UNICEF

Guinea-Bissau UNICEF WHO

Mali UNICEF Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

International Rescue Committee UNICEF

Mauritania UNICEF

Regional OXFAM GB UNICEF

Senegal UNICEF

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4.4.5 PROTECTION

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s)

UNHCR

Implementing Agencies OHCHR, UNODC, SC, World Vision, DRC, UNICEF, IOM, UNFPA, WFP, FAO, ILO, OCHA, HOPE ’87 and several others

Number of Projects 19 projects (protection) 13 projects (education) Cluster/sector Objectives Overall objective:

to develop a coordinated and coherent approach to protection in humanitarian situations Priority objectives: 1. strengthen capacity and coordination of protection and education actors at

all levels, and increase advocacy efforts 2. prevent and respond to protection and human rights concerns of

populations affected by humanitarian situations including displaced people (Refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people), and promote durable solutions

3. address GBV in preparation for and response to humanitarian emergency situations

4. prevent and respond to violence, neglect, abuse and exploitation of children and youth in humanitarian emergency situations

5. ensure the right to education and psychosocial support for children affected by humanitarian emergency situations

Total Number of Beneficiaries

2,042,302: total number of affected population and 1,855,727: total number of beneficiaries

Funds Requested $111,683,912 Funds requested per priority level

High ($51,338,127), Medium ($60,345,785)

Contact Information • Myriam Houtart (houtart@unhcr.org) • Stephanie Hecquet-Lepoutre (lepoutre@unhcr.org)

Disaggregated number of affected population and beneficiaries

Affected population Beneficiaries Category

Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs 759,140 45.500 Refugees and asylum seekers

77,296 82,702 159,998 77,306 82,638 159,944

Other displaced: vulnerable/stranded migrants/trafficked10

945

Returnees 55,422 67,742 123,164 361 445 806 Stateless people (estimates) 1,000,000 100,10011 Children (-18 years old) 1,530,90012 Women 17,442 17,442 Total 169,767 150,444 2,042,302 95,109 83,083 1,855,727

Sector Needs Analysis: The Protection Sector was under funded for 2010 whereas needs remain real and acute. Unlike other sectors, the Protection Sector is not easily quantifiable. In addition, the cultural context needs to be understood and respected when responding to protection concerns. In African societies, certain family issues are considered taboo and to many the right to seek redress is not perceived as necessary. Responses to protection needs are therefore intrinsically linked to awareness and knowledge of one’s rights. Due to the lack of funding of the CAP 2010 protection projects, the beneficiary population continues to need support and intervention in 2011. The lack of intervention in those areas in 2010 has worsened

10 According to projects presented by IOM/OHCHR. 11 According to the statelessness project presented by UNHCR. 12 According to the education and protection projects presented by the agencies.

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the situation of many, especially women, children and displaced people. The implementing partners are also suffering from lack of funding of projects in the Protection Sector. They have to implement more activities with less funds and prioritize one acute violation against another. Implementing partners are asked to carry out activities with little or no support from the international community13. The Protection Working Group (PWG) has opted to strengthen the protection of vulnerable groups with the focus on: 1. the capacity and coordination of the protection and education actors in the region 2. the populations affected by humanitarian situations including displaced people (refugees, IDPs,

asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people), including the promotion of durable solutions

3. the women and girls who experience GBV 4. the prevention and response to violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect of children and youth

and 5. the right to education and psychosocial support for children Identification of priority needs based on key indicators 1. Capacity and coordination of the protection and education actors in the region. Many organizations and structures active in protection and education in emergencies throughout the region could benefit from capacity building including on human rights, as protection interventions are often needs-based instead of rights-based. Not all member organizations of the PWG have a presence in all the countries in the region. However, all UN agencies have a regional office in Dakar, and meet regularly during PWG meetings, which can facilitate the organization of activities for capacity and coordination strengthening, and for increasing advocacy efforts. 2. Focus on population affected by humanitarian situations including displaced people (refugees,

IDPs, asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people), and promote durable solutions.

In the region, the legal framework for the protection of the displaced population is composed of the international and regional conventions on refugees, statelessness and IDPs14, but also on freedom of movement in the ECOWAS region15; it is also composed of national laws. It has to be noted that in the field of refugees all the countries covered by the CAP have a national law except Cap Verde. Some countries are currently reviewing their laws to adapt them to the evolving context. West Africa currently hosts more than 160,000 refugees and asylum seekers, particularly in Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Senegal, Mali and the Gambia. There is a situation of continued instability in several countries of the region, including Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Senegal (Casamance). Displaced people have difficulty accessing employment often forcing them to beg or sending their children to beg in the streets of urban areas. They live in makeshift shelters and make up the slum population of capitals. Women and girls have to resort to prostitution as a means of survival, and are at particular risk of violence and stigmatization. They are often not able to access justice system nor do they have access to legal aid. Most displaced people have no regular status and are rarely able to

13 They work in difficult conditions: they are under-equipped, under-staffed, under-paid (no pay raise for years), their offices are in bad conditions (regularly flooded) with no electricity (regular power cuts and no generator); their cars are either old or inexistent; their communication means are outdated. 14 1951 Convention on refugee status; 1967 Protocol relating to refugees; 1954 Convention relating to the status of stateless persons; 1961 Convention on the reduction of statelessness; 2009 Kampala Convention on IDPs; 1990 International Convention on the protection of the rights of all migrants; the 1969 OAU Convention governing the specific aspects of refugee problems. 15 ECOWAS Protocols on free movement.

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regularize their stay. The right to education for displaced, separated and unaccompanied children is also of particular concern. They need support for return, reintegration or local integration and resettlement. Local integration is extremely difficult in some countries due to national laws prohibiting access to fundamental elements for a full integration (such as access to land), and an independent return is usually impossible mainly because of lack of funds for the journey, for re-establishment at home, and also due to the shame of returning after a failed migration project16. One of the major constraints in the region is the lack of data on displaced people and access to the population due to natural and political conditions. The displaced populations often live dispersed in the local community. This makes it more difficult to assess and respond to their needs. Another major constraint is the insecurity created by the presence of AQMI in the northern parts of West Africa, which both limits access to the beneficiary population and makes this already vulnerable population increasingly susceptible to being targeted to join their ranks. The instability of some governments is a constraint when activities are implemented by officials who either have no real power or no legitimacy. On-going and future electoral processes in a number of countries can also potentially create major humanitarian consequences for the whole region and result in considerable displacements. 3. Women and girls experiencing GBV Past and ongoing conflicts characteristic of West Africa have been marked by high levels of GBV which pose a threat to peace and security. GBV is a violation of a number of internationally recognized rights17. This form of violence both reflects and reinforces gender inequities and compromises the health, dignity, safety and autonomy of its survivors, and as such should be seen as a threat to public health. GBV survivors often experience life-long emotional distress, unwanted pregnancies, mental health problems and poor RH. GBV also limits survivors’ decision-making power, increases their exposure to other risks, such as HIV, and undermines their access to resources, including education and health services, and participation in social and political life. Since the mid-1980s, humanitarian actors have tended to focus solely on providing short-term medical and psycho-social care. Interventions have been rather sporadic, often isolated, and limited in terms of scope, coverage and duration. At present and in the regional context of continued political unrest, absent or poor infrastructures, social instability and deepening poverty, GBV has become “normalized” and violent behaviour “tolerated” at all levels - individual, social and political. GBV is still used deliberately by armed groups to harm women and girls and destroy entire communities. Evidence shows that levels of sexual violence and sexual exploitation and abuse remain high in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, and in border areas in the region. Key indicators to identify priority needs: • sudden increase of physical and sexual violence perpetrated in a region or a country • high number of reported sexual violence cases • uncoordinated response to reported GBV incidents • ineffective prevention efforts, including real-time action to respond to violence before it happens

(e.g. EW and joint action by GBV actors and the security sector) In the past few years, several West African states have begun to acknowledge the need to develop strategies for GBV prevention and response as part of their emergency preparedness, response, transition and development efforts. However, financial and technical assistance is required to implement the following strategic actions: the establishment of national multi-sectoral inter-agency coordination mechanisms; the development of competence among service providers to ensure comprehensive and quality care and support (medical, psycho-social, livelihood, legal) for GBV

16 Agencies member of the PWG organise yearly participatory assessments of the need of the beneficiary population with multisectoral teams in the different countries covered by this CAP. The reports are available through internet sites or regional offices in Dakar/Senegal. 17 It includes the right to life; the right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; the right to security of person; the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

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survivors; the strengthening of national legal frameworks to improve access to justice for survivors; and the systematic collection and analysis of reliable data for improved programming and advocacy. Existing programs lack capacity to prevent GBV from occurring at community level and to fully support GBV survivors and their families. In addition, national mechanisms to design and implement a multi-sectoral approach (security, justice, medical, and psycho social) to address GBV in an emergency are absent or weak. Finally, GBV data collection requires strengthening coordination with all actors. GBV sub-clusters exist under the Protection Clusters in several countries. However, they are not always connected to national GBV prevention and response initiatives. Coordination between central and county or district levels is virtually non-existent. Systems of referral between micro-level, geographically restricted, time-bound projects and institutionalized government-run services are not usually clearly defined, contributing to the difficulty of adopting standard protocols of care, or setting up monitoring and evaluation systems. Technical capacity of countries to collect, produce and disseminate GBV data, and to develop evidence-based advocacy and programming needs to be strengthened. Service providers have not required certification or standardized set of competencies needed to be able to work with GBV survivors, especially in terms of counselling of children and adolescents. As a result, the quality of services varies widely and is difficult to monitor. 4. The prevention and response to violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect of children and youth;

in crisis situations There are a number of factors exposing children to higher risk of abuse and exploitation in the context of emergencies affecting the region (natural disasters, food insecurity, and political violence). These risks include family separation during displacements, disruption of family safety networks and livelihoods, risk of recruitment into armed forces and groups, trafficking of children, risk of sexual exploitation and GBV, risk of physical harm and psychosocial distress and denial of access to basic services, such as health, education and birth registration. Reports from some countries indicate that as many as 20% of all children are not living with their biological families. In times of economic crisis families turn to negative coping mechanisms out of necessity such as forcing girls into early marriage or domestic labour and even prostitution. As family safety networks often break down in times of displacement and crisis, it is critical to strengthen existing community based structures and reinforce the positive coping mechanisms. There is often a lack of consistency between existing protection legislation and customary law in West African countries. In spite of prohibition under the countries’ constitutions, de facto discrimination is common, affecting children belonging to vulnerable groups, such as children with disabilities or HIV/AIDS, and children born out of wedlock. In particular, discrimination of girls and children in rural and marginalized areas is also common. Another problem frequently mentioned by the Committee on the Rights of the Child is that the births of significant numbers of children are not registered, especially in rural areas. Priority needs include: family tracing and reunification, release and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups, access to livelihoods, and basic services (primary education, medical and psycho-social care and support, community-based care). In addition, priority should be given to emergency preparedness with a focus on child led DRR, particularly flood preparedness planning, as well as child protection issues in the food crisis context of Sahel countries. High numbers of military personnel including peacekeepers and other soldiers are present in some of the countries. Experience demonstrates that these groups are among the perpetrators of child abuse. For prevention purposes and to reinforce their role as protectors, and in particular children and women’s rights, a stronger focus is to be put on training of military personnel. The region presents multiple and shifting scenarios of emergencies (armed conflicts, political and socio-economic crisis, post-conflict transitions, natural disasters and food crisis). This situation

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demands a flexible approach and response based on the involvement of local communities and the building of national and cross-border child protection systems. Pre and post election violence such as in Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire or Nigeria is one current and probable future scenario that exposes children and youth to risks of being physically harmed, abused, and arbitrarily detained. In the border areas between Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Côte d’Ivoire, children, women and youth are at higher risk of being trafficked, recruited by armed groups or being lured into illegal activities, including drug trafficking. The capacity of government structures and civil society to prevent and respond to emergencies is in general very low. There is also a lack of political will and a tendency to politicize emergency aid. Child rights violations in emergencies are committed with impunity and systems of monitoring and reporting on such violations are still weak and poorly coordinated. The response capacity of humanitarian actors is not strong enough to address the real needs on the ground in the protection sector. There is a serious lack of trained child protection personnel with the required skills within UN, international NGOs, local NGOs and the government sectors. In addition, there is also a need to set up more effective mechanisms for surge capacity such as standby personnel for rapid deployments to emergency situations. The key indicators to identify priority needs are: • high number of female headed and child headed households • abnormal number of separated/unaccompanied children in a given region or country • reported number of children associated with armed groups, and abducted children in a given

region or country • reported number of cases of violence, exploitation and abuse against vulnerable children • lack of protection services/government/NGOS/ community based organization (CBO) • non-functional community-based child protection structures In order to address priority needs, child protection sub clusters/working groups in all countries throughout the region should be strengthened. This includes supporting them on issues relating to children crossing national borders. In addition, children’s organizations, CBOs as well as civil society organizations should be given key roles in preventing and responding to child rights violations. Community-based child protection structures have an important role to play in monitoring, reporting and responding to child rights violations in emergencies. Such structures should be strengthened and supported in emergencies and linkages created between non formal and formal systems in order to build sustainable child protection systems. 5. The right to education and psychosocial support for children Conflicts as well as natural disasters continued to profoundly affect the lives of thousands of children throughout the West Africa region in 2010. Large-scale disruption of education persisted, as did the reduced ability of families to send their children to school. It is estimated that 23.2 million out-of-school children (32%) live in low-income countries affected by conflict in the West and Central African region. This includes fragile countries such as Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Senegal (Casamance) and Sierra Leone. In addition, floods and landslides displaced thousands of people in West Africa. In Burkina Faso for example, flooding forced 13,000 people, mostly women and children, to seek shelter in local schools. Other countries in the region were also affected by recurrent flooding, which had a detrimental effect on the schooling system in Benin, the Gambia, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. As result of conflict and insecurity in some West African countries, the West Africa region is hosting 159,944 refugees, 36,414 of whom are children of school age. Only 41% of refugee children in rural areas have access to primary school, leaving them at increased risk of abuse and exploitation, including child labour. In urban areas, the enrolment rate is 81%.

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Some parents send their children back to their countries of origin in order to be able to benefit from education, exposing them to further risk such as kidnapping, trafficking or GBV (e.g.: Senegalese refugees in Guinea Bissau or the Gambia and Ghanaian children in Togo) through cross-border movements. The recent influx of Ghanaian refugees in Togo brought approximately 660 children of school age to Togo, who currently require further support for basic education in host communities. Togo has very poor absorption capacity for its own school aged children. The education system in affected communities requires support to ensure access to quality education for affected children. The majority of community schools do not have adequate facilities, equipment, furniture or materials. The average student to teacher ratio is 1:70. Priority needs include the following. • Strengthening of effective leadership for education cluster/sector and interagency coordination

(with co-lead agency) in order to prepare and respond to education needs as outlined above, this includes capacity development of education actors at national, sub-national and community levels.

• Access to quality education opportunities for children, including preschool-aged children, girls and other excluded children. This includes for example the rehabilitation, maintenance and re-construction of school infrastructures, provision of adequate furniture, equipment and basic teaching and learning materials, provision of recreational materials, improved water and sanitation facilities in schools including hygiene education.

• Provision of safe and secure learning environments that promote the protection and well-being of students.

• Integration of psychosocial and health services for children and teachers in educational preparedness and response programmes and activities.

• Provision of access to appropriate life skills programs and information about the emergency for adolescents, young children and caregivers, information on educational options for children who have missed out on schooling and for adolescents, this includes supporting livelihoods for caregivers.

All 15 West African countries will be covered in terms of awareness raising and capacity development on the importance of education preparedness and response linked to the humanitarian context. Priority countries in terms of preparedness and response to natural disaster are the following: Benin, Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo; priority countries in terms of conflict as well as post-conflict are the following: Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal (Casamance), Sierra Leone. Communities hosting refugees or IDPs in the West Africa region, especially in Togo (Tandjoure province hosting Ghanaians influx), Guinea Bissau (communities hosting Senegalese refugees), The Gambia (in Foni region), Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire host 36,414 refugee children of school age (5-17 years) on which 19,587 are girls. Key indicators to identify priority needs are the following: • number of children enrolled in school • number of functioning classrooms/temporary learning spaces • number of equipped, furnished classrooms • number of teaching and learning materials distributed • number of teachers identified, selected, provided • number of teachers and other teaching personnel trained • number of caregivers, teachers trained in psychosocial support • number of children who have received psychosocial support • number of Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) trained/functioning

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Education service delivery has increasingly been integrated into the humanitarian and development response to conflict, disasters, chronic crisis and transition in a number of contexts in the West Africa region. However, the scale and nature of both conflict and natural disaster continues to pose a threat to progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, including those related to education. Fragile and conflict-affected countries continue to struggle the most to achieve the MDGs. The severity of the challenge in these contexts is compounded by the effects of the global financial crisis. Reducing disaster and conflict risk, including the disruption of education through comprehensive disaster management needs to be stepped up in the West Africa region. Education is a key entry point for child-focused DRR for promoting a culture of prevention and resilience. Yet operations in such environments have become more complex and challenging. Respect for humanitarian principles and humanitarian space has come under attack and has serious implications for children’s education in the region. In areas of protracted crisis such as Guinea or Côte d’Ivoire, multiple, varied approaches are required. Often, humanitarian assistance must be provided in one part of a country simultaneously with peace-building and development efforts in other parts. This has implications for education programming and systems development in countries throughout the West Africa region. Public schools are functioning, despite the low absorption capacity. Due to shortage of teachers, some communities, through the involvement of PTA, provide compensation to volunteer teachers. Sectoral Response Plan In 2011, emphasis will be put on developing a coordinated and coherent approach to protection in humanitarian situations. (A logical frameword for this sectoral response plan begins on the next page.)

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target The protection capacity of the working groups will increase.

Monthly contact, support and advice is requested.

The PWG shall provide support to the protection groups and clusters in the region, including the mainstreaming of human rights in their work. The information sharing with the groups will

increase. Regular reports on group meetings are shared within the region.

Establish effective leadership for education cluster/interagency coordination (with co-lead agency), with links to other cluster/sector coordination mechanisms on critical inter-sectoral issues.

Coordination mechanisms provide guidance to all partners on common standards, strategies and approaches, ensuring that all critical education gaps and vulnerabilities are identified, and provide information on roles, responsibilities and accountability to address all gaps without duplication.

Improved coordination.

Improve coordination with ECOWAS’ early warning system (EWS).

The planning of activities in protection will increasingly use the EW indicators.

The PWG members participate regularly in the EWS meetings.

Organize two joint assessment missions of agency and NGO members of the PWG.

Cooperation with the groups in the region will increase.

The two Joint assessment missions are completed.

Carry out a regional study on how protracted food security crisis may increase protection concerns.

Analysis and recommendations for action will enhance protection response.

Pilot studies in one or two selected countries.

1. Strengthen capacity and coordination of the protection and education actors at all levels, and increase advocacy efforts, by the Protection Working Group

Design one training module on the protection and human rights-based approach to humanitarian action for groups/cluster members and organize one joint training.

PWG members will work on the basis of the same principles and fundamentals understood by all actors.

The training module is designed and the training is organized.

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

Organize regular and continuous collection of data for all population types.

Updated data will be made available to all stakeholders.

At least one data collection per type of population is conducted during the year.

Provide documentation to the displaced population. Identity documents will be provided to displaced people, including stateless.

At least one distribution of identification documents is organized per type of population.

Displaced people will have an increased access to the justice system.

Three agreements signed during the year. Provide legal assistance to beneficiaries, through the negotiation of legal assistance agreements with NGOs and bar associations in the region. The quality of asylum applications will increase. The percentage of recognition of refugee

status has increased by up to 10% in the region.

The beneficiary population will reach an increased level of self-sufficiency.

All the displaced population has access to assistance corresponding to their needs.

Provide multi-sectoral assistance to beneficiaries in rural and urban settings (food, shelter, health, education, labour, micro-finance, etc.) IDPs will have direct assistance available. The service provider network provides

services for at least 500 IDPs. International Organization for Migration/UNHCR/Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to lobby for harmonization of national laws and national Action Plans on trafficking with international conventions (incl. refugee law).

Laws and action plans on trafficking will be reviewed and recommendations made for harmonization.

At least three countries are targeted.

Stranded migrants will return to their country of origin. 500 stranded/displaced people returned and reintegrated.

International Organization for Migration/UNHCR to provide voluntary repatriation and reintegration to displaced/stranded people. Refugees will return and reintegrate their country of

origin. 25,210 refugees are repatriated.

International Organization for Migration/UNHCR/Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to arrange for the local integration of displaced people in their country of residence, including through the application of the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocols.

All people wishing to locally integrate will access assistance and programs.

70% of the refugees who opted for local integration as a durable solution, received assistance.

National legislations will be reviewed and recommendations for harmonization given.

At least three countries are targeted. International Organization for Migration/UNHCR/Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to work together with ECOWAS member States to harmonize the application of the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocols.

Migrants and refugees are fully informed about the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocols.

The 15 ECOWAS countries will be targeted.

UNHCR and International Organization for Migration to organize the Resettlement in a third country for refugees.

All refugees in need of resettlement will be submitted and will depart for resettlement to a third country.

Plans to resettle 1,140 people, but capacity to resettle 632 people with the present level of staffing.

All stakeholders will be trained in refugee law, international protection, migration law, etc.

20 trainings are organized in 2011.

2. Prevent and respond to protection and human rights concerns of population affected by humanitarian situations including displaced people (refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people), and promote durable solutions.

International Organization for Migration/UNHCR/Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to organize and conduct training in refugee law and international protection.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and academic institutions will cooperate to promote refugee law.

Partnerships are established between UNHCR and academic institutions in Senegal, Benin and Nigeria.

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

Peace building training schools will integrate in the curricula training on refugee law and IDPs.

Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Ghana will include these training programs in their peace building training schools.

UNHCR to advocate for the signature of the statelessness conventions.

All countries in the region have acceded to the statelessness conventions.

At least 5 countries have acceded.

Members of national institutions working on displacement will be trained.

Trainings are delivered in Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Senegal, and Guinea. 500 people are trained.

UNHCR/IOM to train and sensitize regarding IDPs (Kampala convention).

IDPs will better understand their rights in the context of displacement.

The campaign reaches at least 15,000 IDPs.

UNHCR/International Organization for Migration/ Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights to train on mixed migration (including. international migration law, trafficking, ECOWAS provisions, human rights based approach).

Key actors will be trained. The focus countries are: Ghana, Nigeria and The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.

UNHCR/International Organization for Migration to set up cooperation and referral mechanisms for the protection of victims of trafficking.

People in need will benefit from the mechanisms put in place by the actors concerned.

Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria.

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

United Nations Population Fund/ UNHCR/ UNICEF to reinforce coordination and advocacy.

Multi-sectoral GBV referral systems will be established.

6 countries with functional GBV coordination structures 3 countries adopt standard operating procedures on GBV 2 countries’ national GBV strategies or action plans integrate emergency preparedness and/or response to GBV 2 countries review or adapt relevant national legislation to ensure GBV survivors access justice 2 partnerships and alliances established between humanitarian actors, human rights groups, women’s groups, etc.

United Nations Population Fund/UNHCR/UNICEF to improve data collection and analysis.

The data will be collected ethically and accurately and be analyzed appropriately to inform/shape programming and advocacy.

2 countries implement the GBV Information Management System 2 countries conduct research on GBV

United Nations Population Fund/UNHCR/UNICEF to improve service delivery to GBV survivors.

Capacity to provide timely and appropriate services/assistance to GBV survivors improved.

2 countries include GBV response as part of their service delivery package (health and social services) 2 develop or adopt national policies on management of GBV cases, 2 adopt national protocols or guidelines on the clinical management of GBV 6 countries adopt monitoring mechanisms to ensure that GBV programming respects basic guiding principles 2 develop technical expertise related to counselling of children and adolescents affected by GBV 2 integrate GBV into curricula of health and social service providers

Social workers and psycho-social staff involved in GBV prevention and response competent to intervene with GBV survivors.

25% of social workers certified to work on GBV issues 2 countries adopt standardized set of competencies on working with GBV survivors

Police and security officers, army personnel and/or peace keepers competent to intervene with GBV survivors.

25% of security and enforcement officers certified in to work on GBV issues

3. Address GBV in preparation for and response to humanitarian emergency situation.

United Nations Population Fund/UNHCR/UNICEF to build capacity among front-line workers on how to listen to, support, signpost and refer GBV survivors according to guiding principles.

Legal professionals and migration officials involved in GBV prevention and response competent to intervene with GBV survivors.

25% of legal professionals certified to work on GBV issues

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

The PWG will promote support and improve the implementation of the iinter-agency Information Management System to collect child protection data in emergencies.

Data collection will be more accurate and agreed by all stakeholders

The interagency Information Management System is fully functional.

Children associated with armed forces and groups will be released and assisted for reintegration

All children identified are released and supported

Child-headed households will be provided with assistance to guarantee access to livelihoods.

Assistance is provided to 100% of children identified as child heads of family.

Children will have access to basic services (medical and psychosocial care and support and community based care).

At least 60% of the total beneficiary population of the protection sector projects.

UNICEF/Save the Children/UNHCR/International Organization for Migration to provide assistance to children in need.

Identified child victims of trafficking will be provided with specialized assistance and return/reintegration support.

200 child victims identified and assisted.

Family tracing will be organized and children will be reunified with their family.

80% of identified children reunified and reintegrated.

UNICEF/Save the Children/UNHCR /International Organization for Migration to promote durable solutions for children. Refugee children will be assisted and best interest

determinations conducted for the purpose of durable solutions.

100% of children identified will be assisted.

Key actors dealing with displaced populations will be trained in identification and prevention of trafficking in children.

Trainings organized in 15 countries for key actors

Child led DRR programs will be in place in areas most affected by floods.

Focus countries are: Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Niger, the Gambia and Senegal.

UNICEF/Save the Children to prevent and sensitize the communities on risk faced by children

Children and their communities will have developed strategies to prevent separation and recruitment.

Target: significant reduction of reported cases.

Training in the Best Interest Determination will be organized.

At least two trainings will be organized.

Training on rights based approach, separation, child soldiers, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612 and 1882, child friendly spaces, disaster risk reduction, climate change will be given.

At least three trainings will be organized

4. Prevent and respond to violence, neglect, abuse and exploitation of children and youth in humanitarian emergency situations.

UNICEF/UNHCR/Save The Children to organize capacity building of all stakeholders in children protection.

Training for military personnel on children and women’s rights will be given.

At least 300 military personnel will be trained.

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Sector Objectives Activities Expected Outputs Impact Indicator with corresponding target

Promote and provide access to quality education opportunities for children, including preschool-aged children, girls and other excluded children.

Children will be assisted to enrol in pre- and primary education. Pre- and primary learning spaces will be provided with assistance to reconstruction/rehabilitation. Classrooms will be equipped with basic furniture. Pre- and primary school children receive basic teaching and learning material. Sufficient numbers of teachers will be selected, identified and provided to schools. Pre-school and primary school teachers will be trained in the provision of emergency education.

Schools are re-opened, and child- and adolescent-friendly emergency non-formal programs, including play and early learning for young children, are established for affected communities

Promote and establish safe and secure learning environments that promote the protection and well-being of students.

Schools will be provided with adequate water and sanitation facilities, including hygiene training for teachers, caregivers and children.

Schools are safe and free from violence, and children, including girls, can safely move between home and school.

Integrate psychosocial and health services for children and teachers in educational preparedness and response.

Teachers, caregivers and children will receive psycho-social support. Recreational activities will be organized for pre- and primary school children as well as young children and adolescents. School feeding will supported for the most vulnerable schools. Psychosocial support and early childhood development to children, adolescents and their caregivers Child-friendly spaces established in disaster affected areas

All education-related humanitarian response integrates appropriate psychosocial, health and nutritional interventions. All protection and education programs have integrated psychosocial support in line with IASC guidelines.

5. Ensure the right to education and psychosocial support for children affected by humanitarian emergency situations.

Promote and provide access to appropriate life skills programs and information about the emergency for adolescents, young children and caregivers; promote and provide information on educational options for those who have missed out on schooling, especially adolescents.

Members of PTA will be trained on the functioning of PTAs. Parents will receive support for livelihoods.

Relevant education programs are implemented, including for adolescents and young children

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Sectoral monitoring plan The PWG lead agency will oversee the implementation of the above response plan by: • monitoring project-specific indicators with individual agencies and organizations • collecting information on the protection activities during the monthly PWG meetings • asking the sub-groups of the PWG updates on the implementation of their respective objectives

every trimester. Table of proposed coverage by site Benin UNICEF Burkina Faso UNICEF The Guambia UNICEF

Guinea UNICEF United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Guinea Bissao UNICEF Liberia UNHCR Mali UNICEF Mali, Mauritania, Senegal UNHCR

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

UNICEF UNHCR UNICEF

Mauritania UNICEF Nigeria UNICEF

Regional

International Organization for Migration Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNICEF UNHCR UNFPA Hope 87

Senegal UNHCR UNICEF

Sierra Leone IOM

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4.4.6 COORDINATION

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) OCHA Number of Projects 3 projects Cluster/sector Objectives • Support humanitarian coordination by reinforcing the Resident

Coordination System. • Enhanced regional capacity for coordination, advocacy, and response

strategy. • Reinforce regional and national emergency response capacity. • Support humanitarian action through provision of common services • Reinforce sectoral and inter sectoral coordination.

Beneficiaries 15 UN and HCTs, governments, donors, regional humanitarian partners and institutions

Funds Requested $20,572,664 Funds requested per priority level

$4,747,574 (High) $15,825,090 (Medium)

Contact Information Noel Tsekouras (tsekouras@un.org) During the CAP workshop held in Dakar from 28 to 29 September 2010, participants identified five main objectives for the sector: • support humanitarian coordination by reinforcing the resident coordination system in the region • enhanced regional organisations’ (UN and NGO entities) capacity for coordination, advocacy,

and response strategy • reinforce regional and national emergency response capacity • support humanitarian action through provision of common services • reinforce sectoral and inter-sectoral coordination Needs Analysis 2010 was marked by a severe food crisis in the Sahel, affecting over 10 million people. The after-effects of the food crisis, combined with predicted food price increases, and the compounded impacts of climate change, chronic poverty, political volatility, bad governance, transnational criminal activities, and accelerated urbanization and demographic growth, will pose a growing challenge to the humanitarian community in 2011. West Africa also experienced severe flooding in 2010, which affected 1,452,888 people, including 337 deaths, in the 15 countries covered by the CAP. This is a marked increase from 2009, and represents a challenge for the international and humanitarian community in terms of coordinated response. Despite progress made in 2010, regional and national coordination capacity to better prepare for and respond to emergencies in West Africa remains low. For example, national disaster management structures are often weak, lacking resources and trained staff. The lack of capacity at the regional level to prepare for and respond to these emergencies underlines the important role of humanitarian actors in supporting the efforts of governments’ toward a better management of preparedness, emergency response and disaster management. At the same time, there is a need for increased support for humanitarian coordination within the Resident Coordination System. Of the 15 countries covered by the West Africa CAP in 2011, only three have dedicated staff attached to RC offices to assist in strengthening coordination activities (Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, and Mali), and only two have an OCHA presence (Senegal, Nigeria). In this context, the strategic approach for the coordination sector will be to: • reinforce regional and national coordination capacity to better prepare for and respond to the

transnational nature of crises, threats and risks that affect the highly vulnerable regions of West Africa

• strengthen collaboration with development actors, operational partners and regional organizations to better tackle high vulnerability, and mitigation risks generated by the compounded emergencies affecting the region.

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• advocate for the integration of early recovery approaches across clusters (to the extent possible)

• support RC/HCs and Country Teams in emergency response coordination and transition contexts

Response plan

Objectives Key Activities Indicators 1. Support humanitarian

coordination by reinforcing the resident coordination system in the region

• Enhance collaboration among OCHA, the office of the RC, and the United Nations system to advocate for dedicated staff in the offices of the RCs to assist in strengthening coordination activities.

• Technical support to RC/HCs and country teams for the strengthening and adaptation of coordination mechanisms to fit transition contexts (where required).

• Training for staff in RC offices. • Special training for RC/HCs on the

humanitarian agenda and coordination tools.

• 35% of RC offices in the region have National Humanitarian Coordination Officers attached to them.

• 100% of support missions deployed in response to a request from RC and/or HCTs.

• Staff in 35% of RC offices trained on

core humanitarian principles and response tools.

• 35% of RC/HCs trained on humanitarian agenda and coordination tools.

2. Enhanced regional organisations’ (UN/NGO entities) capacity for coordination, advocacy, and response strategy

• Support country organisations and Country Teams in coordination, advocacy and response.

• Support existing national structures in the areas of coordination and humanitarian response.

• Support UN country teams in

advocacy for humanitarian needs.

• Country organisation and country teams receive support form regional organisations (UN/NGO entities) as required.

• 100% of requests by governments for support in developing NCPs fulfilled.

• 100% of requests by RCs/HCs in the region for advocacy support fulfilled.

3. Reinforce regional and national emergency response capacity

• Advocate with RC/HCs and heads of humanitarian agencies for the implementation of minimum preparedness activities.

• Support to the RC/HC in promoting

humanitarian needs reflected in the CAP.

• Engagement with regional and national networks on disaster preparedness and response.

• 100% of simulation exercises requested by RCs/HCs in the region are fulfilled and 9 contingency plans updated.

• 8 countries using a common rapid needs assessment form.

• 8 regional IASC meetings

organised in support to regional/country responses to emergencies.

• 3 regional preparedness actions conducted with disaster management agencies.

• Development of a roadmap for capacity-building in SAR at national and regional level. Start-up of regional stockpiles.

• One UNDAC refresher course organized in West Africa and one UNDAC induction course organized for Communauté Économique des États d'Afrique Centrale (Economic Community of Central African States)

• region. • 3 joint missions conducted with

ECOWAS Emergency Teams. • Establishment of a regional school

for Civil Defence and Disaster

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Objectives Key Activities Indicators

• Mapping of national coordination structures and their current operational levels.

Management. • Mapping of capacity and gaps of

regional organizations in disaster management.

4. Support humanitarian action through provision of common services.

• Increased OCHA capacity in the area of information management (publishing of situation reports and mapping, etc).

• Provide regular updates on humanitarian issues affecting the region to humanitarian actors in West Africa.

• Strengthen information management systems for increased understanding of humanitarian challenges in the region.

• 50 mapping products developed and used on a regular basis or in response to emergency situations.

• Monthly humanitarian sitreps. • Ad hoc emergency sitrep posted on

OCHA Regional Office for West and Central Africa website.

• OCHA website regularly updated with key humanitarian information.

• Regular briefings are provided to key stakeholders and decisions makers (Sector leads, Heads of civil defence agencies, political actors, etc).

5. Reinforce sectoral and inter-sectoral coordination.

• Ensure programmatic and operational coordination among all regional humanitarian actors.

• Define a common humanitarian strategy.

• 100% of regional sectoral working groups contributing to the elaboration of a common humanitarian strategy.

• Sectoral working groups are fully functional and meet regularly.

• Monthly meetings of the sectoral (6) working groups organized to agree on common actions.

Monitoring plan Coordination is taking place throughout the regional IASC structure and the regional sectoral working groups. Regional coordination structures include UN agencies, NGOs, international Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and donors. On the specific matter of disaster preparedness and response, regional coordination includes governmental agencies in charge of disaster management. The monitoring of coordination activities will be assessed against the provided indicators and the overall improvement of humanitarian response to ongoing and slow onset emergencies. Organizations participating to the regional coordination structures will fully use services made available to them and will provide regular updates on their respective activities and their relevance with the established objectives for the coordination sector.

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4.4.7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS (EP)

Sector Overview Cluster/sector Lead Agency(s) OCHA/WFP/UNICEF Implementing Agencies UNICEF, WFP, OCHA, FAO, IFRC, UNHCR, OXFAM, ACF, IOM and

several others Number of Projects 10 projects Cluster/sector Objectives • EP capacity building at national and regional level.

• Promote DRR, including adaptation to climate change, at national and regional level.

• Enhance rapid and effective emergency response and early warning systems (EWS) at national and regional level.

Total Number of Beneficiaries UN agencies, governments, INGOs, regional and sub-regional Institutions Funds Requested $9,313,516 Funds requested per priority level

High ($5,022,266), Medium ($4,291,250).

Contact Information Manuela Gonzalez (gonzalez8@un.org) Needs Analysis Faced with chronic poverty often difficult to tackle, West Africa is a region frequently subjected to political, social and economic tensions, which are compounded by the recurring problem of floods and other natural and technological disasters, which can result in population movements across the region. West Africa has the highest rate of urbanisation in the world, with 44% of the population living in urban areas. This rapid and unplanned urbanisation, including the rate of growth of urban slums is creating dangerous patterns of risk accumulation and exposing more people to floods, epidemics and other hazards. Global climate change is also significantly affecting the frequency and intensity of natural hazard occurrence in West Africa. It is creating new vulnerabilities and exacerbating existing ones as further decreases in the availability of water and agricultural yields as well as suitable land for pasture threaten the viability of livelihoods. Many factors contribute to an overall weak response capacity at both the national and regional levels, including the lack of compliance with technological, industrial and urban standards; fragile states; low investment in prevention, early warning and monitoring; and the lack of preparedness of stakeholders. In the West African context, it is essential to build prevention and preparedness capacity at national and regional levels, working together with international actors, in order to mitigate the impact of such crises as part of the process of emergency management. Within this context, continued efforts are needed to strengthen partnerships with a wider group of member states and ECOWAS in terms of emergency preparedness and disaster risk management to better tackle the high vulnerability of the population and ensure national and regional ownership in response to emergencies.

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Response Plan Objectives Activities Indicators Means of verification

• Conduct EPR national capacity assessment in most at risk countries and provide advisory services.

• 3 EPR capacity assessments conducted and percentage of key recommendations endorsed and applied by HCT

• Quarterly progress reports submitted to the regional IASC and the RDT.

• Mid-Year Review.

• Support Inter-Agency and National Contingency Planning processes.

• 5 contingency planning processes supported and related documents shared.

• Final Annual Report

• Advocate for the organization of simulation exercises/EPR trainings to test the effectiveness of prepared contingency plans with functional simulations.

• 5 simulation exercises organized and percentage of satisfactory ratings from participants.

• Simulation exercises organized and percentage of recommendations from simulations implemented.

1. EP capacity building at national and regional level.

• Improve interactions with ECOWAS Humanitarian and Social Affairs Departments and ensure links with other regional Institutions.

• Number of joint technical support activities/processes actively supported.

• Sectoral tracking.

2. Promote DRR, including adaptation to climate change, at national and regional level.

• Conduct risk analysis and mapping in selected countries-

• 5 risk analyses conducted and 70% of analysis used in planning process.

• Quarterly progress reports submitted to the Regional IASC and the RDT.

• Provide technical support and trainings to organizations/ agencies/institutions involved with early warning and emergency management.

• 5 trainings conducted and percentage of satisfactory rating from participants.

• Quarterly progress reports submitted to the Regional IASC and the RDT.

3. Enhance rapid and effective emergency response and early warning systems at national and regional level. • Set up socio-political

early warning systems. • Pilot early warning

systems in 2 countries. • EW matrix.

Monitoring Plan The monitoring of emergency preparedness activities will be assessed against the targeted indicators as well as the general improvement of emergency response preparedness in West Africa. The implementing agencies in the Emergency Preparedness Sector will provide regular updates on their respective activities and their effectiveness in achieving the stated objectives. Table of proposed coverage by site

Ghana IOM UNICEF

Guinea-Bissau UNDP Liberia UNDP Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone UNICEF

Regional FAO UNICEF WFP

Senegal UNICEF

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4.5 Roles and responsibilities The regional IASC provides strategic guidance for humanitarian actors and identifies, address and advocates for humanitarian priorities in the West Africa region. The regional IASC comprises five technical working groups (WASH, Health, Food Security and Nutrition, Emergency Preparedness and Response, and Protection) who prepare and monitor the Common Humanitarian Action Plan.

Cluster/sector name Cluster/sector lead Cluster/sector members and other humanitarian stakeholders

Food Security FAO/WFP FAO, WFP, national Government, local partners, regional bodies and NGOs

Nutrition UNICEF National Governments, UNICEF, WFP, HKI, Save the Children, ACF, MSF, Concern, Merlin and several others

Health WHO WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Vision

WASH UNICEF ACF, CRS, FICR, ICRC, Oxfam GB, Solidarités International, World Vision

Protection (includes Education) UNHCR

OHCHR, UNODC, Save the Children, ICRC, World Vision, DRC, UNICEF, IOM, UNFPA, WFP, FAO, ILO, OCHA, HOPE ‘87

EP OCHA/WFP/UNICEF UNICEF, WFP, OCHA, FAO, IFRC, UNHCR, OXFAM, ACF

Avian & Human

Influenza regional Platform

WASH WG

Health WG

Protection WG

(includes Education)

Food Security & Nutrition

WG

EP WG

Public Information & Communicatio

n WG

Common Humanitarian Action Plan

IASC Steering Group

Providing strategic guidance & monitoring of priorities to technical groups

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5. CONCLUSION

West Africa remains a highly vulnerable region, whose population will again in 2011 be faced with threats pushing hundreds of thousands of households into severe poverty, forced to use extreme coping mechanisms. The after-effects of the Sahel food crisis will continue to pose significant challenges for those affected in 2010 by high and extreme food insecurity in re-establishing their livelihoods and assets in 2011. Risks and uncertainties surrounding elections in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea, and in other countries, have also the potential to displace hundreds of thousands of people. Natural disasters in the region have been consistently increasing over the past several years, with millions affected by drought and floods. This year, 1.45 million people were affected in West Africa, representing a 90% increase in terms of victims in comparison to 2009 (770,000 victims).The recent flooding in Benin, affecting some 680,000, highlighted again the extreme fragility of the West African population and governments' low capacity to cope with sudden-onset emergencies Consequently, during the 2011 CAP elaboration process, it was determined that the strategic objectives for this year would mirror those from 2010, in order to remain focused on ensuring a rapid and effective response to humanitarian crises and strengthening population resilience to risks. Although progress has been made in terms of preparedness and response capacity at the regional and national levels to respond to humanitarian needs, most countries still lack adequate capacity to respond to emergencies due to poverty, weak capacity of governments, and socio-political instability. As for last year, and while concluding the elaboration of the regional CAP for 2011, increased political tensions in Guinea but also in Côte d’Ivoire have put the humanitarian actors in alert, stressing again the need for reinforcing joint preparedness and strengthening capacities to respond to emergencies. It is critical that the international community remains focused on the West Africa region, where millions of people continue to struggle to make ends meet, existing on the brink of humanitarian assistance.

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ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS Table IV: List of Appeal projects (grouped by sector)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2011 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations.

Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

COORDINATION/IM AND SUPPORT SERVICES

WA-11/CSS/37810/119 Humanitarian Coordination and Advocacy in West Africa OCHA 4,747,574 HIGH Regional

WA-11/CSS/37842/120 Strengthen Partnership with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

UNHCR 774,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/37847/120 Strengthen and harmonized regional durable strategies and approaches to improve their effectiveness

UNHCR 15,051,090 MEDIUM Regional

Sub total for COORDINATION/IM AND SUPPORT SERVICES 20,572,664

EDUCATION

WA-11/E/37781/12971

Provide access to quality education for primary school-aged children affected by conflict along the border of SENEGAL and GUINEA BISSAU with a special focus on children with special needs (physically handicapped)

HOPE'87 466,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/E/37798/124

Strengthen the capacities of the Ministry of Education in Emergency Education Preparedness and Response in MALI

UNICEF 321,000 MEDIUM Mali

WA-11/E/37840/124

Strengthening education preparedness and response for the continuity of education during emergencies in COTE D'IVOIRE

UNICEF 696,570 MEDIUM

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/E/37849/124

Increase access to quality Education for 500,000 primary school-aged children through strengthened Education emergency preparedness and response planning including disaster risk reduction in MAURITANIA

UNICEF 599,200 MEDIUM Mauritania

WA-11/E/37934/124

Provide access to quality education and psychosocial support for 7,500 flood-affected children in 4 States (Sokoto, Kebbi, Jigawa, Kano in NIGERIA

UNICEF 177,620 HIGH Nigeria

WA-11/E/37935/124 Rehablitation of schools affected by floods in Senegal; continued quality eduction for children affected by floods

UNICEF 1,872,500 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/E/37947/124 Support to protection and educational needs for for flood-affected children and women in BURKINA FASO.

UNICEF 2,840,020 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/E/37957/124

Strengthening Education preparedness and response capacity of Ministries, UN agencies, NGOs and other relevant Education actors in the WEST AFRICA Region

UNICEF 418,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/E/37967/124

Education support to school aged children in CASAMANCE/SENEGAL with a special focus on improving access to education for the displaced population

UNICEF 1,952,750 HIGH Senegal

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/E/37977/124

Provision of quality basic education to pre-and primary school aged children and adolescents affected by the emergency situation in GUINEA

UNICEF 1,500,140 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/E/38031/124

Provision of continued access to quality education for flood-affected pre- and primary school children in THE GAMBIA

UNICEF 107,000 MEDIUM Gambia

WA-11/E/38141/124

Provision of school supplies and pedagogical aid to 123,000 flood-affected pre- and primary school aged children and adolescents,1,500 teachers; capacity reinforcement for actors in BENIN

UNICEF 1,567,015 HIGH Benin

WA-11/E/38778/124

Re-activation and recovery of the Education system for 20,000 primary school-aged children in storm-affected areas of GUINEA BISSAU

UNICEF 749,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

Sub total for EDUCATION 13,266,815

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

WA-11/CSS/37843/124 Fostering national leadership and action on emergency preparedness and response in Cote d'Ivoire

UNICEF 300,000 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/CSS/37892/298 Building disaster management capacity in Ghana IOM 476,700 HIGH Ghana

WA-11/CSS/37976/124 Provide basic assistance to children fleeing surrounding countries UNICEF 642,000 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/CSS/38174/124 Regional Emergency Rapid Response Fund UNICEF 1,417,750 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/38180/124 Improved Emergency Preparedness and Response and Disaster Risk Reduction

UNICEF 1,872,500 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/38183/123

Regional emergency preparedness and response capacity development and support to humanitarian actors in West Africa

FAO 154,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/38183/124

Regional emergency preparedness and response capacity development and support to humanitarian actors in West Africa

UNICEF 107,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/38183/561

Regional emergency preparedness and response capacity development and support to humanitarian actors in West Africa

WFP 740,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/CSS/38293/124 Emergency preparedness and response GHANA UNICEF 550,000 HIGH Ghana

WA-11/CSS/39317/776 GUINEA BISSAU - National Emergency Response Capacity - Civil Protection UNDP 1,228,566 HIGH Guinea-

Bissau

WA-11/CSS/39322/776 GUINEA BISSAU - Early warning and response for communities in crises UNDP 570,000 HIGH Guinea-

Bissau

WA-11/CSS/39835/776 Enhancing the capacity of Local Disaster Risk Management Structures UNDP 1,255,000 HIGH Liberia

Sub total for EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 9,313,516

FOOD SECURITY

WA-11/A/37609/5465 Strengthening food security and livelihoods of vulnerable communities, Northern Togo,

Togolese Red Cross 404,356 HIGH Togo

WA-11/A/37713/123

TOGO - Rehabilitation and sustainable livelihoods assistance for rural populations affected by floods in the southern region.

FAO 1,610,400 HIGH Togo

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/A/37722/123 MAURITANIA - Emergency assistance to the population (farmers and livestock owners) affected by food insecurity.

FAO 1,200,000 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/A/37726/123 COTE D'IVOIRE - Support to vulnerable food-insecure rural households affected by the conflict.

FAO 1,731,180 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/A/37728/123 COTE D'IVOIRE - Support to nutrition education and home gardening. FAO 523,684 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/A/37731/123

SENEGAL - Emergency assistance to vulnerable households in risk of food insecurity and/or malnutrition affected by climatic shocks and economic crisis.

FAO 1,666,500 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/A/37746/123 REGIONAL - Life saving emergency assistance to control diseases occurring at animal-human interface.

FAO 2,000,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/A/37773/123

BURKINA FASO - Emergency assistance to vulnerable farmers, in risk of malnutrition, victims of and particularly exposed to high food prices and climatic hazards.

FAO 7,880,000 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/A/37775/123 GUINEA BISSAU - Emergency control of mango fruit flies and risk mitigation of contamination to cashew nuts.

FAO 647,499 MEDIUM Guinea-Bissau

WA-11/A/37778/123

GUINEA - Support for the sustainable rehabilitation of productive capacities of rural and urban households affected by floods and pest infestations.

FAO 1,302,049 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/A/37780/123

REGIONAL - Strengthening regional-level food security information analysis and coordination capacity and improving livelihoods through agricultural emergency responses.

FAO 3,600,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/A/37784/123 GUINEA BISSAU - Improving food and nutrition security of HIV/AIDS affected households.

FAO 610,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

WA-11/A/37824/5186

Food security recovery to support Vulnerable groups to fights against Malnutrition in north and western Ivory Coast

ACF 1,536,092 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/A/37832/14218

SENEGAL - Goat livestock Project : goat farming to improve food security of vulnerable households, in particular to fight against the malnutrition of children under 5 years old

SIF-France 202,898 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/A/37921/5179 Improving Food Security in war-affected Western Côte d’Ivoire through Fish Farming Value Chain Development

IRC 1,000,000 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/A/38506/123

MALI - Assisting and reducing vulnerability of populations affected by drought and food insecurity in the northeastern region

FAO 1,800,000 HIGH Mali

WA-11/A/39323/13991 Project of livestock farming support to safeguard the environment CISS 982,000 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/CSS/37804/5186 Sahel Pastoral Early Warning and Surveillance System ACF 854,699 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/F/38025/561 Post-Conflict Transition in Forest Guinea Region WFP 5,400,712 HIGH Guinea

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/F/38029/561

In the context of rising global wheat prizes, support to highly vulnerable returnee populations, their host communities and children under 5 years in zones with elevated rates of food insecurity and malnutrition.

WFP 2,995,000 HIGH Mauritania

Sub total for FOOD SECURITY 37,947,069

HEALTH

WA-11/H/37049/1171 Support to emergency preparedness, humanitarian response, recovery in sexual and reproductive health services

UNFPA 720,250 HIGH Regional

WA-11/H/37089/1171

Support for essential and emergency Reproductive Health information and services among populations in a context of food insecurity and floods in three regions of Mauritania (Brakna, Gorgol and Guidimakha).

UNFPA 535,938 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/H/37097/1171 Prevention and management of STD/HIV/AIDS in favour of returned refugees to Mauritania

UNFPA 737,900 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/H/37850/124 Yellow Fever immunization campaign in 32 health districts in Cote d’Ivoire UNICEF 1,000,022 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/37894/1171

Strengthening RH and Gender-Based Violence information and services among flood-affected populations in five disaster –prone Regions in Ghana (Upper East, Upper West and Northern Central and Greater Accra Regions).

UNFPA 355,100 HIGH Ghana

WA-11/H/37897/1171

Support for quality emergency obstetrical care and the elimination of Obstetric Fistula in four regions (Mansoa, Gabu, Bafata and Bissau) of Guinea-Bissau

UNFPA 663,400 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

WA-11/H/37898/124

Prevention and Care on HIV AND AIDS for affected communities by Emergencies , especially among vulnerable young and Women in Cote d’Ivoire

UNICEF 349,500 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/37927/5465

Increasing the access to a health care of quality, promoting the community based health care and strengthening the linkages and synergies between the two components. (Health Districts of Daloa and Zoukougbeu, Haut Sassandra Region, Côte d’Ivoire.

Red Cross Society of Côte d’Îvoire 467,978 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/37941/122 Fighting against the common outbreaks in Guinea WHO 573,092 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/H/37943/122

Support for reducing maternal mortality in 7 health districts in forest Guinea (Kissidougou Guéckédou Macenta Yomou Nzérékoré Lola and Beyla)

WHO 690,150 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/H/37979/122 Provision of primary health care services to flood affected communities in Togo

WHO 1,023,990 HIGH Togo

WA-11/H/37993/122 Prevention and control of water borne diseases in areas affected by floods in Togo

WHO 771,470 HIGH Togo

WA-11/H/37998/122 Coordinated health actions and health information management across West Africa

WHO 936,892 HIGH Regional

WA-11/H/38016/122

GUINEA BISSAU – Support countrywide response and preparedness activities to control cholera outbreak

WHO 673,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/H/38032/122

Response to potential disease outbreaks and cases of severe malnutrition reinforced in Mauritania (Brakna, Gorgol, Assaba and Guidimakha)

WHO 782,000 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/H/38136/122

GUINEA BISSAU – Support the preparation and response to emerging epidemics - Meningitis, Yellow Fever, Dengue, Human Pandemic Influenza

WHO 400,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

WA-11/H/38202/122 Enhance preparedness and response measures to major disasters in the sub region

WHO 612,200 HIGH Regional

WA-11/H/39555/1171 Support for live saving Reproductive health information and services to flood victims in 14 “Communes” in Benin

UNFPA 406,350 HIGH Benin

Sub total for HEALTH 11,699,232

NUTRITION

WA-11/F/38002/561

Fighting/controlling malnutrition in food insecure areas in Mali ( ''Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation" PRRO 106100)

WFP 2,574,073 HIGH Mali

WA-11/H/37687/124 Mauritania Emergency Nutrition Response UNICEF 3,598,624 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/H/37714/5465 Strengthening of the system addressing acute malnutrition in Gorgol Region.

Mauritanian Red Crescent 486,600 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/H/37733/124 Acute malnutrition management among children in Côte d'Ivoire UNICEF 1,550,000 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/37796/561 Reversing Under-nutrition in Burkina Faso WFP 13,125,986 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/H/37816/5186 Support the Management of Acute Malnutrition in Montagnes region, Ivory Coast

ACF 1,200,000 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/37820/5186 Strengthening Local Capacities of acute malnutrition management in the East Region of Burkina Faso

ACF 800,000 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/H/37826/7154 Guinea - Nutritiona and Food Security Surveillance in Conakry and Kankan HKI 262,560 MEDIUM Guinea

WA-11/H/37828/5186 ACF Regional Prevention and Response System to Nutrition Crises in West Africa

ACF 3,100,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/H/37833/7154 Mali and Burkina Faso: Sustainable Prevention and Treatment of Malnutrition

HKI 950,400 HIGH Mali

WA-11/H/37845/7154

WEST AFRICA: Optimizing Child Health Days for Delivery of Essential Micronutrients and Screening of Acute Malnutrition

HKI 7,850,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/H/37896/124 Emergency nutrition for child survival in Mali UNICEF 1,786,900 HIGH Mali

WA-11/H/37944/124 Emergency Nutrition Response for Child Survival in Burkina Faso UNICEF 6,205,000 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/H/37997/124 Emergency planning and preparations for a strengthened nutrition response UNICEF 963,000 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/H/38042/124 Nutrition rehabilitation in Kara and Savanes regions of Togo UNICEF 600,000 HIGH Togo

WA-11/H/38045/124 Strengthening the regional response to nutrition emergencies in West Africa UNICEF 1,670,000 HIGH Regional

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/H/38145/124

STRENGTHENING NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN SIERRA LEONE

UNICEF 3,072,261 HIGH Sierra Leone

WA-11/H/38872/124 Strengtening nutrition coodination, response and monitoring in Guinea Bissau

UNICEF 428,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

Sub total for NUTRITION 50,223,404

PROTECTION

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37803/120 Durable solution for Ivorian refugees in Liberia UNHCR 3,484,170 HIGH Liberia

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37805/120 Durable solutions for Ivorian refugees in Guinea UNHCR 1,801,012 MEDIUM Guinea

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37809/120 Protection and assistance to IDPs in Côte d’Ivoire UNHCR 6,467,238 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37815/120 Local integration for Liberian refugees in Guinea UNHCR 2,894,097 MEDIUM Guinea

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37817/120 Local Integration of rural refugees in West Africa UNHCR 13,630,039 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37823/120 Strengthening the self-reliance of Urban Refugees and Asylum Seekers in West Africa

UNHCR 29,932,606 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37831/120 Creation of suitable environment for prevention and reduction of the risk of statelessness in West Africa

UNHCR 4,046,131 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37836/120

Durable solutions for Mauritanian refugees: return and reintegration in Mauritania and local integration in Senegal and Mali

UNHCR 8,896,561 HIGH Mali, Mauritania, Senegal

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37837/120 Reintegration of returnees in Togo, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire UNHCR 13,376,098 HIGH Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37839/120 Local integration of Senegalese refugees in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau

UNHCR 5,916,415 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37846/124

Prevent and response to violence, exploitation, discrimination and abuse against vulnerable children in situation of crisis in Mauritania

UNICEF 400,000 MEDIUM Mauritania

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37852/1171 Prevention and protection of girls and women against gender based violence in Ivory Coast

UNFPA 668,750 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37852/124 Prevention and protection of girls and women against gender based violence in Ivory Coast

UNICEF 677,350 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37856/298

International Legal Framework on Migration and Human Rights: Building the Capacity to Respond to Human Rights Concerns of Displaced Populations in Nigeria, Ghana and The Gambia

IOM 77,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37856/5025

International Legal Framework on Migration and Human Rights: Building the Capacity to Respond to Human Rights Concerns of Displaced Populations in Nigeria, Ghana and The Gambia

OHCHR 8,500 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37858/298 ENHANCE PROTECTION OF IDPS IN COTE D’IVOIRE, NIGERIA AND SENEGAL

IOM 561,000 HIGH Regional

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37858/5025 ENHANCE PROTECTION OF IDPS IN COTE D’IVOIRE, NIGERIA AND SENEGAL

OHCHR 165,500 HIGH Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37860/298 Return and reintegration assistance to displaced and/or stranded West Africans, profiling of beneficiaries

IOM 992,000 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/37861/298

Humanitarian assistance to child victims of trafficking and capacity building to prevent and identify trafficking in children in emergency situations

IOM 507,780 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/38167/298

Support to the Implementation of the Sierra Leone Reparations Programme as part of the Recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

IOM 3,000,000 MEDIUM Sierra Leone

WA-11/P-HR-RL/38179/1171

Strengthening Regional Coordination on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in collaboration with ECOWAS and regional training institutions.

UNFPA 310,300 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/38179/124

Strengthening Regional Coordination on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in collaboration with ECOWAS and regional training institutions.

UNICEF 267,500 MEDIUM Regional

WA-11/P-HR-RL/38182/124

Prevent and respond to gender based violence throughout the country and strengthen protection working group activities

UNICEF 337,050 MEDIUM Guinea

Sub total for PROTECTION 98,417,097

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

WA-11/WS/37693/124 Strenghening Wash intervention in Emergency situation in Mauritania UNICEF 623,000 HIGH Mauritania

WA-11/WS/37757/124

Reinforcement of Cluster capacity preparedness/response in the high area’s risk of cholera, flooding and social crisis

UNICEF 829,250 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/WS/37760/124 Regional emergency WASH preparedness and response UNICEF 2,140,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/WS/37922/5179

Reduce morbidity and mortality by improving infrastructure for safe drinking water and basic sanitation in the Center West of Côte d'Ivoire

IRC 1,283,089 MEDIUM

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/WS/37924/124

Reduction of malnutrition due to insufficient access to drinking water, open defecation and unhygienic practices among children in the northern and western zones affected by acute and chronic malnutrition (Zanzan and Montagnes)

UNICEF 900,000 HIGH

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone

WA-11/WS/37945/124

A WASH response to the recurring floods in Burkina Faso –WASH infrastructure reconstruction and improved emergency response capacity

UNICEF 428,000 HIGH Burkina Faso

WA-11/WS/37971/13974

Vulnerability reduction of victims from flooding through non food assistance and promotion of hygiene and sanitation.

Guinea RC 695,090 HIGH Guinea

WA-11/WS/37978/124 Mitigate floods impacts on vulnerable of Senegal UNICEF 1,070,000 HIGH Senegal

WA-11/WS/37986/124

Development of a holistic and operational WASH emergency response mechanism for displaced people and communities affected by political crisis, cholera and floods.

UNICEF 1,070,000 HIGH Mali

WA-11/WS/38013/122

GUINEA BISSAU - Prevention of Epidemic Diseases through Reinforcing the National Potable Water Surveillance and Quality Control System

WHO 500,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

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Project code (click on hyperlinked project code to open full project details)

Title Appealing agency

Requirements ($)

Priority Location

WA-11/WS/38306/5120 Hazard and Context Specific Emergency WASH Responses in West Africa

OXFAM GB 150,000 HIGH Regional

WA-11/WS/38795/124 Improving preparedness and response to cholera outbreak through timely WASH provision in Guinea Bissau

UNICEF 795,000 HIGH Guinea-Bissau

Sub total for WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 10,483,429

Grand Total 251,923,226

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Table V: Summary of requirements (grouped by location)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2011 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by appealing organizations.

Location Requirements ($)

Benin 1,973,365

Burkina Faso 31,279,006

Gambia 107,000

Ghana 1,381,800

Guinea 17,248,202

Guinea-Bissau 7,264,465

Liberia 4,739,170

Mali 8,502,373

Mali, Mauritania, Senegal 8,896,561

Mano River Union - Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone 20,351,453

Mauritania 12,940,262

Nigeria 177,620

Regional 113,256,409

Senegal 13,323,063

Sierra Leone 6,072,261

Togo 4,410,216

Grand Total 251,923,226

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ANNEX II. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES MONITORING MATRIX

The strategic monitoring matrix matches sectoral objectives and indicators derived from the working group response plans with the corresponding regional objectives agreed by the regional IASC. These indicators will be monitored at mid and end-year to measure achievements and progress to date.

Regional objective 1 Reduce excess mortality and morbidity in crisis situations SECTORAL OBJECTIVES INDICATORS Sectoral objective health: Uphold efforts to reduce morbidity and

mortality due to epidemic prone diseases such as meningitis, cholera, measles hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever in the sub-region

• 80% of outbreak are detected and notified within 48 hours • CFRs during epidemics are within WHO norms • 100% of cross border outbreaks are notified to neighbouring country within 48 hours

Sectoral objective health: Support provision of accessible PHCservices with a high coverage to vulnerable groups including children and women during crises

• At least 80% of affected and vulnerable groups have access to health care services • 80% of pregnant women have access to safe delivery and emergency obstetric care

Sectoral objective health: Effective information management for timely and appropriate decisions to save lives

• At least 90% of interventions are based on analysis of collected information • One information bulletin is generated quarterly

Sectoral objective nutrition: Improve national nutrition information systems with a minimum of one nutrition survey with SMART methods with data collection during the peak of the hunger season

• GAM in children <10 or 15% depending on the circumstances. • Chronic malnutrition compared to former assessments to assess current conditions

Sectoral objective nutrition: Development of improved national reporting systems for Management of Acute Malnutrition and support for the integration into national health information systems

• Complete reporting from all sites providing management of acute malnutrition services (both severe and moderate)

Sectoral objective nutrition: Expanding coverage of Management of Acute Malnutrition programs to the national level and quality of service delivery to the standards of the SPHERE guidelines or higher

• Acceptable quality of management of outpatient SAM programs are defined by the SPHERE guidelines (recovery >75%, defaults<15%, deaths<10%)

Sectoral objective nutrition: Establish programmes to prevent acute malnutrition after emergencies or during the hunger season including blanket feeding with fortified foods for children and family protection rations in crisis conditions when necessary

• Complete reporting from implementation sites. Prevalence of GAM in children maintained below emergency levels (<10%)

Sectoral objective WASH: Timely, coordinated, decentralized and mobile WASH response to humanitarian emergencies

• ≥ 90% of the beneficiaries receiving the WASH minimum package of interventions in response to humanitarian emergencies (cholera < 48 hours; flood victims < 72 hours; displaced or host victims < 1 week).

• ≥ 90% of a respected gender-balanced of males and females including actively in water and sanitation maintenance comities.

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Regional objective 2 Reinforce livelihoods of the most vulnerable people severely affected by slow or sudden onset crisis Sectoral objective food security: To restore and reinforce the livelihoods of households most

vulnerable and severely affected by climatic and socio economic shocks

• Number of people, disaggregated by sex and age, receiving direct assistance to address food availability or lack of access.

• Number of people trained through capacity-building efforts, disaggregated by sex and age, and number of trainings held.

Sectoral objective food security: To provide regularly quality and dependable data and analysis for

decision-making

• Number and frequency of analytical reports assessing the food security situation that are produced and disseminated.

Regional objective 3 Ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people Sectoral objective protection: Strengthen capacity and coordination of the protection and education actors at all levels, and increase advocacy efforts.

• Monthly contact, support and advice is requested • Regular reports on group meetings are shared within the region • Improved coordination • The PWG members participate regularly in the EWS meetings • The two joint assessment missions are completed • Pilot studies in one or two selected countries • The training module is designed and the training is organized

Sectoral objective protection: Prevent and respond to protection and human rights concerns of population affected by humanitarian situations including displaced people (Refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers, returnees, migrants and stateless people), and promote durable solutions

• At least one data collection per type of population is conducted during the year. • At least one distribution of identification documents is organized per type of population. • Three agreements were signed during the year. • The percentage of recognition of refugee status has increased of up to 10% in the region. • All the displaced population has access to assistance corresponding to their needs. • The service provider network provides services for at least 500 IDPs. • At least three countries are targeted. • stranded/displaced people returned and reintegrated. • 25.210 refugees are repatriated. • 70% of the refugees who opted for local integration as a durable solution, received assistance. • At least three countries are targeted. • The 15 ECOWAS countries will be targeted. • Plans to resettle 1.140 people but capacity to resettle 632 people with the present level of staffing. • 20 trainings are organized in 2011. • Partnerships are established between UNHCR and academic institutions in Senegal, Benin and Nigeria. • Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Ghana will include training programs on refugee law and IDPs in their peace

building training schools • At least 5 countries have acceded to the statelessness conventions • Trainings are delivered in national institutions working on displacement in Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria,

Senegal, and Guinea. 500 people are trained. • The campaign to train and sensitize IDPs reaches at least 15,000 IDPs • The focus countries for training on mixed migration are: Ghana, Nigeria and The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire,

Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone • Cooperation and referral mechanisms for victims of trafficking are set up in Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau,

Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria

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Regional objective 3 Ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people Sectoral objective protection: Address GBV in preparation for and response to humanitarian situation

• countries with functional GBV coordination structures • countries adopting Standard Operating Procedures on GBV • countries national GBV strategies or action plans that integrate EP and/or response on GBV • countries reviewing or adapting relevant national legislation to ensure GBV survivors access justice • 2 partnerships and alliances established between humanitarian actors, human rights groups, women’s

groups, etc. • 2 countries implementing the GBV Information Management System • 2 countries conducting research on GBV • 2 countries including GBV response as part of their service delivery package (health and social services) • 2 developing or adopting national policies on management of GBV cases, • adopting national protocols or guidelines on the clinical management of GBV • countries adopting monitoring mechanisms to ensure that GBV programming respects basic guiding

principles • developing technical expertise related to counselling of children and adolescents affected by GBV • 2 integrating GBV into curricula of health and social service providers • 2 countries include GBV response as part of their service delivery package (health and social services) • 2 develop or adopt national policies on management of GBV cases, • adopt national protocols or guidelines on the clinical management of GBV • countries adopt monitoring mechanisms to ensure that GBV programming respects basic guiding

principles • develop technical expertise related to counselling of children and adolescents affected by GBV • 2 integrate GBV into curricula of health and social service providers • 25% of social workers certified to work on GBV issues • 2 countries adopt standardized set of competencies on working with GBV survivors • 25% of security and enforcement officers certified in to work on GBV issues • 25% of legal professionals certified to work on GBV issues

Sectoral objective protection: Prevent and respond to violence, neglect, abuse and exploitation of children and youth in humanitarian situations.

• The interagency Information Management System is fully functional in 5 countries • A percentage of recruited children are demobilized and reintegrated • All children identified are released and supported • At least 60% of the total beneficiary population of the protection sector projects are children. • 80% of identified children reunified and reintegrated. • 100% of refugee children identified will be assisted and best interest determination conducted • Assistance is provided to 100% of children identified as child head of family. • 200 child victims identified and assisted. • 500 children reunified and reintegrated. • Trainings organized in 15 countries for key actors • Focus countries for child led DRR programs are: Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Niger, the Gambia and

Senegal • Target: Significant reduction of reported cases

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Regional objective 3 Ensure humanitarian access and improve protection of vulnerable people • At least two trainings in Best Interest Determination will be organized • At least three trainings will be organized (training on rights based approach, separation, child soldiers,

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612 and 1882, Child Friendly Spaces, DRR, Climate change)

• At least 300 military personnel will be trained on children and women’s rights. Sectoral objective protection: Ensure the right to education and psychosocial support for children affected by humanitarian situations

• Schools are re-opened, and child- and adolescent-friendly emergency non-formal programs, including play and early learning for young children are established for affected communities.

• Schools are safe and free from violence, and children, including girls, can safely move between home and school

• All education-related humanitarian response integrates appropriate psychosocial, health and nutritional interventions

• All protection and education programs have integrated psychosocial support in line with the IASC guidelines

• Relevant education programs are implemented, including for adolescents and young children Sectoral objective WASH: Timely, coordinated, decentralized and mobile WASH response to humanitarian emergencies

• ≥ 90% of decrease in reported incidents of sexual violence following the nearest sitting of water points in safer locations for women and girls.

• ≥ 90% of decrease in reported incidents of sexual violence following the nearest sitting of collective latrines in safer locations.

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Regional objective 4 Strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels Sectoral objective for coordination: Support humanitarian coordination by reinforcing the resident coordination system in the region

• 35% of RC offices in the region have National Humanitarian Coordination Officers attached to them • 100% of support missions deployed in response to a request from RC and/or HCTs • Staff in 35% of RC offices trained on core humanitarian principles and response tools • 35% of RC/HCs trained on humanitarian agenda and coordination tools

Sectoral objective for coordination: Enhanced regional organisations’ (UN/NGO entities) capacity for coordination, advocacy, and response strategy

• Country organisation and country teams receive support form regional organisations (UN/NGO entities) as required • 100% of requests by governments for support in developing NCPs fulfilled • 100% of requests by RCs/HCs in the region for advocacy support fulfilled

Sectoral objective for coordination: Reinforce regional and national emergency response capacity

• 100% of simulation exercises requested by RCs/HCs in the region are fulfilled and 9 contingency plans updated • 8 countries using a common rapid needs assessment form • 8 regional IASC meetings organised in support to regional/country responses to emergencies • 3 regional preparedness actions conducted with disaster management agencies • Development of a roadmap for capacity-building in SAR at national and regional level. Start-up of regional stockpiles • One UNDAC refresher course organized in West Africa and one UNDAC induction course organized for ECCAS

region • 3 joint missions conducted with ECOWAS Emergency Teams • Establishment of a regional school for Civil Defence and Disaster Management • Mapping of capacity and gaps of regional organizations in disaster management

Sectoral objective for coordination: Support humanitarian action through provision of common services

• 50 mapping products developed and used on a regular basis or in response to emergency situations. • Monthly Humanitarian sitreps • Ad hoc emergency sitrep posted on OCHA Regional Office for West and Central Africa website • OCHA website regularly updated with key humanitarian information • Regular briefings are provided to key stakeholders and decisions makers (sector leads, heads of civil defence

agencies, political actors etc) Sectoral objective for coordination: Reinforce sectoral and inter sectoral coordination.

• -100% of regional sectoral working groups contributing to the elaboration of a common humanitarian strategy • -Sectoral working groups are fully functional and meet regularly • -Monthly meetings of the sectoral (6) working groups organized to agree on common actions

Sectoral objective EP: EP capacity building at national and regional level

• 3 EPR capacity assessments conducted and percentage of key recommendations endorsed and applied by HCT • 5 contingency planning processes supported and related documents shared • 5 simulation exercises organized and percentage of satisfactory ratings from participants • Number of joint technical support activities/processes actively supported

Sectoral objective EP: Promote DRR, including adaptation to climate change, at national and regional level

• 5 risk analyses conducted and 70% of analysis used in planning process

Sectoral objective EP: Enhance rapid and effective emergency response and EWS at national and regional level

• 5 trainings conducted and percentage of satisfactory rating from participants • Pilot EWS in 2 countries

Sectoral objective food security To coordinate responses with other sectors (Health, Nutrition, WASH) to maintain the malnutrition rate below emergency

• Regular coordination meetings are held and lessons learned are shared.

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Regional objective 4 Strengthen coordination and preparedness of emergencies at national and regional levels thresholds Sectoral objective health: Preparedness for rapid and effective health response to humanitarian crises and strengthening health sector and population resilience to risks.

• Two high risk countries have conducted risk and capacity assessments. • Health Sector participates in 80/100% of multisectoral assessments, planning, training and exercises • Two high risk countries have conducted review of health emergency response plan • 1 sub-regional course and 2 national courses on health emergency management for 75 participants • Regional workshop and safety assessment of main hospitals in 6 high risk countries • Functionality of 50% of health facilities damaged in flood events are restored in 3 months

Sectoral objective nutrition: Support the coordination of emergency nutrition interventions through the cluster approach.

• Monthly reports received regularly from activated clusters • At least five cluster trainings or training sessions completed in the West Africa region in 2010 • At least 3 completed coordination projects at the regional level

Sectoral objective WASH: WASH humanitarian intra and inter sectoral coordination, preparedness and risk reduction.

• ≥ 90% of the targeted countries with WASH humanitarian preparedness and risk reduction programs (contingency plans including mapping and stockpiling; existing functional WASH cluster or task force; WASH country officers trained, WASH cluster tools implemented);

• ≥ 50% of the WASH emergency projects with early recovery considerations for exit strategies and sustainable responses;

• ≥ 90% of a respected gender-balanced of males and females accessing to WASH preparedness and response training;

Sectoral objective WASH: Systematic reciprocating integration of key WASH activities into nutrition humanitarian response programmes

• ≥ 50% of the beneficiaries targeted by the nutrition humanitarian programs receiving the WASH nutrition package)

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ANNEX III. NEEDS ASSESSMENTS REFERENCE LIST EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2011 CAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and

population groups targeted

Lead Agency and Partners Date Title or Subject

Food Security and Nutrition (FSN)

Burkina Faso FAO/WFP/ Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (Inter-Agency Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel [CILSS]) FEWS NET/ Government

June 2010 CFSAM and Price Impact Assessment Mission

FSN Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone

WFP/FAO/FEWS NET// CILSS

October 2010 Mano River cross-border assessment

FSN Guinea Bissau WFP October 2010 National Food Security Assessment - Ongoing FSN WA FAO/WFP/CILSS/

FEWS NET/Gov October 2010 Crop assessment missions - Ongoing

FSN Senegal WFP Feburary-Sept 2010 Impact Evaluation Survey - Ongoing FSN East Sahel FAO/WFP/FEWS NET/CILSS Feburary 2010 Market Assessment FSN Burkina Faso Government/WFP/FAO/ Action Contre la

Faim (Action Against Hunger (ACF)/FEWS NET/ Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (International Centre for Agricultural Research for Development [CIRAD])

April 2010 Evaluation de la situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle des ménages pastoraux (Mali and Burkina Faso)

FSN The Gambia WFP/FAO/FEWSNET/ Réseau des Systèmes d'Information des Marchés en Afrique de l'Ouest (West-African Market Information Network(RESIMAO))/CILSS

Feburary 2010 Joint Market Assessment / Cross-border Trade and Food Security in West Africa http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp219288.pdf

FSN Ghana March 2010 Food security and vulnerability assessment of ART patients,

FSN Ghana March 2010 Financial Crisis Impact Assessment http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp220031.pdf

FSN Guinea WFP March 2010 Enquête Nationale de Sécurité Alimentaire (ENSA) http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp218635.pdf

FSN Guinea Government/WFP July 2009 Enquête sur la Sécurité Alimentaire à Conakry (ESAC)

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EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2011 CAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and

population groups targeted

Lead Agency and Partners Date Title or Subject

FSN Guinea Bissau WFP/FAO/FEWS NET/RESIMAO/CILSS Feburary 2010 Joint Market Assessment / Cross-border Trade and Food Security in West Africa http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp219288.pdf

FSN Liberia Government/WFP/FAO/UNICEF May-July 2010 Comprehensive Food Security and Nutrition Survey (CFSNS)

FSN Mali Government/WFP/FAO/ACF/FEWS NET/CIRAD

April 2010 Evaluation de la situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle des ménages pastoraux (Mali and Burkina Faso

FSN Mali WFP/FAO/FEWS NET/RESIMAO/CILSS Feburary 2010 Joint Market Assessment / Cross-border Trade and Food Security in West Africa http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp219288.pdf

FSN Mali ACF March 2010 Analyse de la situation pastorale dans les régions nord du Mali

FSN Mali ACF March 2010 Analyse du contexte et suivi-évaluation de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle dans le Nord Mali,

FSN Mali ACF May 2010 Cartographie des zones de concentration et mouvements pastoraux du Mali

FSN Mali/Sikasso SC-United Kingdom (UK) Analyse de l‘Economie des Ménages FSN Mauritania WFP/FAO/FEWS NET/RESIMAO/CILSS Feubrary 2010 Joint Market Assessment / Cross-border Trade and

Food Security in West Africa http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp219288.pdf

FSN Mauritania/Guidimakha et Gorgol

SC-UK Analyse de l‘Economie des Ménages

FSN Mauritania WFP-Govt Feubrary 2010 Etude de base sur le suivi de la sécurité alimentaire FSN Sierra Leone WFP FNSS FSN Sierra Leone WFP FSMS FSN Sierra Leone WFP Joint Market Assessment FSN Niger FAO/WFP/UNICEF/FEWS NET/Government April 2010 Enquête conjointe sur la sécurité alimentaire des

ménages au Niger FSN Senegal WFP/FAO/FEWS NET/RESIMAO/CILSS Feubrary 2010 Joint Market Assessment FSN Senegal WFP-UNICEF-FAO-Government Mar-Apr 2010 CFSVNA FSN Togo WFP Janurary 2010 Rapid Food Security Assessment

http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp221090.pdf

FSN Nigeria (northern state and Jos)

Oxfam GB May-June 2010 Food security assessment

FSN Northern Burkina Faso Oxfam International April – May 2010 Rapid Food Security Assessment

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EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2011 CAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and

population groups targeted

Lead Agency and Partners Date Title or Subject

FSN Mali (Gao area) Oxfam GB 2010 Food security assessment FSN Côte d’Ivoire (Korhogo and

Savanes area) ACF May 2010 KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice) survey

FSN Burkina Faso - Tapoa ACF May 2010 KAP survey FSN Niger - Mayahi ACF May 2010 KAP survey Nutrition/Health Benin Government June 2010 EMI-cov survey Nutrition Burkina Faso Government UNICEF September/October

2010 Nutrition Survey

Nutrition/Health Burkina Faso - Tapoa ACF May 2010 Care practices Nutrition/Health Burkina Faso Government May-August 2010 DHS –Ongoing Nutrition Côte d’Ivoire WFP/Government/ UNICEF August 2010 Nutrition Survey Nutrition/Health Côte d’Ivoire Government UNICEF December2010 - 2011 DHS - Ongoing Nutrition/Health The Gambia UNICEF/Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4)

http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html Nutrition/Health Ghana (Urban Area) UNICEF/ Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4)

http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html Nutrition/Health Guinea-Bissau

(MICS/Centre for Disease Control (CDC) -supported Demographic and Health Survey)

UNICEF/ Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4) http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html

Nutrition Mauritania UNICEF Janurary 2010 Nutrition Survey Nutrition Mauritania UNICEF July 2010 Nutrition Survey Nutrition/Health Mauritania UNICEF/ Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4)

http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html Nutrition/Health Mali Government December 2009-Jul

2010 MICS

Nutrition Mali – Gao / Ansongo ACF June 2010 Nutrition Survey (SMART) Nutrition/Health Nigeria Government 2008 DHS Nutrition Nigeria UNICEF/Government August 2010 Northern States Nutrition survey - Ongoing Nutrition/Health Senegal Government October 2010 - 2011 DHS -Ongoing Nutrition/Health Sierra Leone UNICEF/ Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4)

http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html Nutrition Sierra Leone UNICEF/ Government 2010 Nutrition Survey Nutrition/Health Togo UNICEF/ Government 2010 MICS (MICS 4)

http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html Nutrition Togo UNICEF/ Government 2010 Northern Regions Nutrition Survey

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EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2011 CAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and

population groups targeted

Lead Agency and Partners Date Title or Subject

Health Benin Government/EU/ United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/UNICEF/ UNFPA

2006 Enquête Démographique et de santé (EDSB III)

Health Cape Verde Government/UNICEF/UNDP/UNFPA/WFP/USAID/Coop Port.

2005 Enquête Démographique et de Santé Reproductive

Health Côte d’Ivoire Government/USAID/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/UNAIDS/UNDP/US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief/Global Fund/ Council of Organizations for the control of HIV/AIDS in Côte d'Ivoire (Collectif des Organisations Non Gouvernementales de Sida de Côte d'Ivoire 9

2005 Enquête sur les indicateurs du SIDA

Health Ghana Government/USAID/UNICEF/UNFPA/Danida 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Health Guinea Government/USAID/UNFPA/UNICEF/World

Bank 2005 Enquête Démographique et de Santé

Health Liberia Government/USAID/Centre for Disease Control (CDC)

2009 Malaria Indicateur Survey (MIS)

Health Mali Government/USAID/UNICEF/UNFPA/Netherlands/World Bank

2006 Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSM IV)

Health Mauritania Government/ORC Macro 2004 Enquête sur la Mortalité Infantile et le Paludisme Health Niger Government/USAID/UNICEF/UNFPA/World

Bank/UNDP/WHO 2006 Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Indicateurs

Multiples Health Nigeria Government/USAID/UNFPA 2008 DHS Health Senegal Government/USAID/CDC/Academy for

Educational Development (AED)/Global Fund

2008-2009 Enquête Nationale sur le Paludisme (ENPS II)

Health Sierra Leone Govt/USAID/UNFPA/ Department for International Development /UNDP/UNICEF/World Bank/WFP/WHO/UNHCR

2008 DHS

WASH Mali (Gao area) Oxfam GB June 2010 WASH and Nutrition survey WASH Sahel, malnutrition UNICEF 2010 WASH Nut survey WASH Niger UNICEF 2006 Integrated WASH and Food Security Assessment FSN and WASH Niger (Tilaberi) Oxfam GB and Karkara, Timidria April 2010 Food security and WASH assessment Protection Ghanaians in Togo UNHCR June 2010-July 2010 Registration

Protection Refugees in Gambia and

Guinea Bissau UNHCR March-April Registration of Senegalese and other refugees in

rural and urban areas

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EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2011 CAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and

population groups targeted

Lead Agency and Partners Date Title or Subject

Protection Profiling of Liberian refugees in Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Nigeria, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire

UNHCR Since March and until October

Profiling of the Liberian in the context of the cessation of the refugee status.

Protection Sahel countries UNHCR Ongoing Assessing and analyzing child protection issues in relation to the food crisis - Ongoing

Protection Yearly Participatory assessments in West Africa

UNHCR Feburary 2010 Each year a participatory assessments with the refugees is organized prior to the regional planning for the following year.

GAPS IN INFORMATION

sector Geographic areas and population groups targeted Title/ Subject

FSN Sahel Information on the food security situation of pastoralists Information on the longer-term impact of current crisis on livelihoods.

FSN Nigeria Detailed information on the food security situation especially for Northern Nigeria. WASH Sahel region with a focus on Niger and the most vulnerable

children and women affected by acute malnutrition. Assessment for appropriate low cost preventative and curative WASH package for vulnerable communities and acute malnourished children and their mothers.

Protection Nigeria: Joss region Information on the human rights situation and early response mechanisms to prevent another similar situation.

PLANNED NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and population groups targeted Lead Agency and Partners Planned date Title/

Subject FSN Côte Ivoire – Korhogo and

savanes area ACF Feburary 2011 KAP survey

FSN Niger - Mayahi ACF December. 2010 KAP survey FSN Nigeria WFP To be determined CFSVA Nutrition Benin UNICEF-Government To be determined Nutrition survey Nutrition Burkina Faso UNICEF Government June 2011 Nutrition Survey Nutrition Côte d’Ivoire UNICEF Government August 2011 Nutrition Survey Nutrition The Gambia UNICEF Government July 2011 Nutrition Survey Nutrition Ghana UNICEF Government July 2011 Nutrition Survey Nutrition Guinea Conakry UNICEF- Government December 2010 Nutrition survey Nutrition Liberia UNICEF- Government August 2011 Nutrition survey Nutrition Mali UNICEF- Government June 2011 Nutrition survey Nutrition Mauritania UNICEF- Government July/August 2011 Nutrition survey

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PLANNED NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

sector Geographic areas and population groups targeted Lead Agency and Partners Planned date Title/

Subject Nutrition Nigeria UNICEF- Government June 2011 Northern States Nutrition survey Nutrition Sierra Leone UNICEF- Government August 2011 Nutrition survey Nutrition Togo UNICEF- Government July/August 2011 Nutrition survey Nutrition Benin UNICEF-Government To be determined Nutrition survey Nutrition Burkina Faso UNICEF Government June 2011 Nutrition Survey Nutrition/Health Nigeria UNICEF/Gov 2011 MICS (MICS 4) Health Senegal Gov October 2010-Janurary 2011 DHS (DHS VI) Protection West Africa UNHCR February 2011 Yearly participatory assessments

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ANNEX IV. PROJECT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS

For the 2011 CAP all technical projects have been reviewed by the regional sectoral working groups to ensure that they are in line with the 2011 CAP strategy, that they are feasible and their impact measurable. Non-technical projects, covering coordination and EP activities, were reviewed by the inter agency Regional Review Board (comprising UN agencies, NGOs and donors) based on the selection and prioritization criteria described above. All reviewed projects have been submitted to the RCs and Humanitarian Coordinators (HC) in their respective countries for final approval. Regional projects and projects emanating from NGOs in countries where there is no HC have been approved by the Regional Review Board.

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ANNEX V. DONOR RESPONSE TO THE 2010 APPEAL Table VI: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by cluster)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2010 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Cluster Original requirements

Revised requirements

Carry- over

Funding

Total resources available

Unmet requirements

% Covered

Uncommittedpledges

($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($)

A B C D E=C+D B-E E/B F

COORDINATION / INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT SERVICES

39,197,099 64,262,142 2,477,657 13,694,731 16,172,388 48,089,754 25% -

EARLY RECOVERY - 6,392,545 - - - 6,392,545 0% -

EDUCATION - 332,351 - - - 332,351 0% -

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 5,348,810 7,129,368 - - - 7,129,368 0% 230,627

FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 198,631,847 506,526,674 29,371,042 298,009,021 327,380,063 179,146,611 65% 2,356,709

HEALTH 23,134,093 57,750,822 - 8,190,450 8,190,450 49,560,372 14% -

PROTECTION 86,689,424 93,548,564 - 1,994,154 1,994,154 91,554,410 2% -

SHELTER AND NFIs - 17,422,700 - 1,499,980 1,499,980 15,922,720 9% 138,889

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

15,621,203 21,578,087 - 2,619,988 2,619,988 18,958,099 12% -

SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED - - - 18,507,086 18,507,086 n/a n/a -

Grand Total 368,622,476 774,943,253 31,848,699 344,515,410 376,364,109 398,579,144 49% 2,726,225

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables

indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

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Table VII: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by appealing organization)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2010 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Appealing organization

Original requirements

Revised requirements

Carry- over

Funding Total resources available

Unmet requirements

% Covered

Uncommittedpledges

($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($)

A B C D E=C+D B-E E/B F

ACF 1,200,000 1,200,000 - - - 1,200,000 0% -

ADRA 76,800 76,800 - - - 76,800 0% -

ALIMA - 718,648 - - - 718,648 0% -

AQUADEV - 601,366 - - - 601,366 0% -

CARE International - 5,440,031 - - - 5,440,031 0% -

CARITAS - 2,914,850 - - - 2,914,850 0% -

CRS 97,570 18,159,570 - 5,398,367 5,398,367 12,761,203 30% -

DRC 1,173,000 1,173,000 - - - 1,173,000 0% -

DWHH - 1,549,350 - - - 1,549,350 0% -

FAO 35,878,906 54,105,607 - 25,625,487 25,625,487 28,480,120 47% -

HELP - 1,354,500 - 1,761,465 1,761,465 - 406,965 100% -

HFHI 949,217 949,217 - - - 949,217 0% -

HKI - 407,158 - 407,158 407,158 - 100% -

IOM 8,770,608 9,245,608 - - - 9,245,608 0% -

IRC 700,000 700,000 - - - 700,000 0% -

IRD - 620,720 - - - 620,720 0% -

IRW - 433,000 - - - 433,000 0% -

MAP International 894,444 894,444 - - - 894,444 0% -

MDM France - 489,201 - 707,152 707,152 - 217,951 100% -

MERLIN 2,204,053 2,204,053 - 629,451 629,451 1,574,602 29% -

Niger RC - - - - - - 0% -

NRC 535,000 535,000 - - - 535,000 0% -

OCHA 8,808,091 9,720,679 1,706,420 3,172,236 4,878,656 4,842,023 50% -

ORCHC 350,000 580,000 - - - 580,000 0% -

OXFAM GB 1,000,000 3,884,500 - 1,691,111 1,691,111 2,193,389 44% - OXFAM Netherlands (NOVIB)

1,800,000 1,350,000 - 1,397,717 1,397,717 - 47,717 100% -

Plan Benin - 810,000 - - - 810,000 0% -

SC 1,259,000 10,261,530 - 6,496,775 6,496,775 3,764,755 63% -

UNDP - 35,115,594 - - - 35,115,594 0% 138,889

UNFPA 10,479,765 13,009,563 - 3,867,527 3,867,527 9,142,036 30% -

UNHCR 88,686,003 93,849,726 - 19,573,434 19,573,434 74,276,292 21% -

UNICEF 73,390,924 121,076,942 - 37,390,552 37,390,552 83,686,390 31% -

WFP 120,326,390 356,615,436 30,142,279 231,432,397 261,574,676 95,040,760 73% 2,587,336

WHO 10,042,705 24,047,160 - 2,788,714 2,788,714 21,258,446 12% -

WVI - 850,000 - 2,175,867 2,175,867 - 1,325,867 100% -

Grand Total 368,622,476 774,943,253 31,848,699 344,515,410 376,364,109 398,579,144 49% 2,726,225

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables

indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity. The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

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Table VIII: Total funding per donor (to projects listed in the Appeal)

Consolidated Appeal for West Africa 2010 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Donor Funding % of Grand Total

Uncommittedpledges

($) ($)

United States 82,843,488 22% -

European Commission 57,756,455 15% -

Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 57,218,658 15% -

Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 45,864,557 12% -

Carry-over (donors not specified) 31,848,699 8% -

United Kingdom 15,867,069 4% -

Spain 10,752,002 3% -

Australia 9,318,190 2% -

Sweden 8,857,750 2% 1,347,788

Canada 7,860,992 2% -

Japan 7,625,718 2% -

Switzerland 4,448,603 1% 523,025

ECOWAS 4,105,198 1% -

Belgium 4,053,328 1% -

France 3,876,194 1% 755,412

Norway 2,978,798 1% -

Netherlands 2,669,248 1% -

Luxembourg 2,591,458 1% -

Germany 2,537,640 1% -

Denmark 2,028,963 1% -

Private (individuals & organisations) 1,862,633 0% -

Algeria 1,818,772 0% -

Russian Federation 1,682,336 0% -

Italy 1,665,770 0% -

Finland 1,469,800 0% -

Others 2,761,790 1% 100,000

Grand Total 376,364,109 100% 2,726,225

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge"

on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be

contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

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Table IX: Non-Appeal funding (per IASC standard sector)

Other humanitarian funding to West Africa 2010 as of 15 November 2010

http://fts.unocha.org Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Sector Funding % of Grand Total

Uncommittedpledges

($) ($)

AGRICULTURE 4,513,801 3% -

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 3,838,086 3% -

ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE 4,114,707 3% -

FOOD 41,701,590 27% 3,095,559

HEALTH 59,725,748 39% 155,195

MINE ACTION 393,185 0% -

PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 983,607 1% -

SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 3,638,317 2% 239,063

WATER AND SANITATION 1,261,543 1% -

SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED 32,890,916 21% 17,753,136

Grand Total 153,061,500 100% 21,242,953

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge"

on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be

contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

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Table X: Total humanitarian assistance per donor (Appeal plus other*) West Africa 2010

as of 15 November 2010 http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Donor Funding % of Grand Total

Uncommitted pledges

($) ($) United States 113,432,881 21% - European Commission 109,857,587 21% 17,753,136 Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 57,328,658 11% - Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 46,950,404 9% - Carry-over (donors not specified) 31,888,379 6% - United Kingdom 25,124,321 5% - Germany 16,972,259 3% - Spain 14,991,571 3% - Ireland 13,680,235 3% - Australia 10,157,116 2% - Sweden 9,932,231 2% 1,347,788 Switzerland 9,886,892 2% 523,025 France 9,682,928 2% 755,412 Japan 9,625,718 2% 239,063 Canada 9,390,777 2% - Belgium 5,413,339 1% 3,095,559 Luxembourg 5,097,300 1% 155,195 ECOWAS 4,105,198 1% - Private (individuals & organisations) 3,981,226 1% - Norway 3,909,954 1% - Netherlands 2,669,248 1% - Italy 2,408,888 0% - Saudi Arabia 2,211,877 0% - Denmark 2,028,963 0% - Algeria 1,818,772 0% - Russian Federation 1,682,336 0% - Finland 1,469,800 0% - Brazil 1,412,511 0% 100,000 New Zealand 1,174,926 0% - China 500,000 0% - Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent 213,700 0% - Liechtenstein 148,317 0% - Korea, Republic of 101,957 0% - Czech Republic 79,491 0% - Andorra 31,686 0% - Slovenia 25,413 0% - United Arab Emirates 20,000 0% - Turkey 18,750 0% - Grand Total 529,425,609 100% 23,969,178 NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge"

on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be

contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity. * Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process

(bilateral, Red Cross, etc.) The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

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ANNEX VI. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACF Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger) AQMI Al-Qaeda au Maghreb islamique (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb) AR attack rate BCPR Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery CAP Consolidated Appeal or Consolidated Appeal Process CBO community-based organization CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CFR case fatality rate CI confidence interval CILSS Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (Inter-Agency Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel) CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (International Centre for Agricultural Research for Development) CP contingency plan CRS Catholic Relief Services DHS Demographic and Health Survey DRC Danish Refugee Council DRR disaster risk reduction DTP diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis ECOWAS Economic Community of West African Countries EHAP Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan EP emergency preparedness EPR emergency preparedness and response EPRWG Emergency Preparedness and Response Working Group EU European Union EW early warning EWS early warning system FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations FEWS NET Famine Early Warning System Network FSN Food Security and Nutrition FSNWG Food Security and Nutrition Working Group GAM global acute malnutrition GB Great Britain GBV gender-based violence HC Humanitarian Coordinator HCT Humanitarian Country Team HEA household economic analysis HIV human immunodeficiency virus HKI Helen Keller International HOPE´87 Hundreds of Original Projects for Employment IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IDP(s) internally displaced persons (people) IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ILO International Labour Organization IOM International Organization for Migration IPC Integrated Food Security and Humanitarian Phase Classification ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction MMR maternal mortality rate MR mortality rate MSF Médecins sans frontières (Doctors without borders) NADMO National Disaster Management Organisation NCP National Contingency Plan NGO non-governmental organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

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OPS Online Projects System PHC primary health care POC protection of civilians PTA Parents and Teachers Association PWG Protection Working Group RC Resident Coordinator RDT Regional Directors’ Team REACH Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger RESIMAO Réseau des Systèmes d'Information des Marchés en Afrique de l'Ouest (West African

Market Information Network) RFSNWG Regional Food Security and Nutrition Working Group RH reproductive health RSC Regional Steering Committee RUTF ready-to-use therapeutic foods SAM severe acute malnutrition SAR search and rescue SC Save the Children SMART standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and transitions SO strategic objective SPP strategic partnership for preparedness UK United Kingdom UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH water, sanitation and hygiene WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization

Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively. It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation among host governments, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM) and United Nations agencies. As such, the CAP presents a situation analysis, assessment of humanitarian needs, and response plans. It encompasses the humanitarian aid programme cycle: • strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) • resource mobilization leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal • coordinated programme implementation • joint monitoring and evaluation • revision, if necessary • reporting on results The CHAP is the core of the CAP: it is a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region. The CHAP includes: • a common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place • an assessment of needs • best-case, worst-case, and most likely scenarios • a clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals • prioritized response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs • a framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary Under the Humanitarian Coordinator’s leadership, and in consultation with host governments and donors, the Humanitarian Country Team develops the CHAP at the field level. This team includes Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) members and standing invitees (UN agencies, IOM, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction or SCHR). Non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included. The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilization. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July. Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals – the CAP does not contain a funding pool or channel. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts.unocha.org), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal-funded needs and worldwide donor contributions. In summary, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need with the best available protection and assistance, on time.

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS

NEW YORK, NY 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND